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Phoenix Probate Lawyers
Collins and Collins, L.L.P., is a Family Practice that is proud to carry a tradition of integrity, honor, and love for the law and justice. Our practice follows strict codes of ethics and focuses on delivering excellent representation and legal advice to our clients.
In order to provide you with the best service, it is important to explain who we are and what we do:
Phoenix and Arizona Qualified Probate Lawyers
A lawyer or attorney at law (or attorney-at-law) is a professional who is legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in a court of law on the retainer of clients. The term is never used to refer to paralegals or another type of professionals.
This is a very important aspect when you choose a lawyer since, in the United States, there are regulatory restrictions on non-lawyers like paralegals practicing law.
How a Lawyer Can Help You:
A lawyer can help you with the list of services described below. Please take a moment to familiarize yourself with what each one entitles. This can help you understand under which category your situation falls under, and how we can best need your needs.
Oral Argument in the Courts
Arguing a client's case before a judge or jury in a court of law is the traditional province of a lawyer. In the United States, there are trial lawyers who specialize in trying cases in court. It is possible for litigants to appear unrepresented (pro-se) before certain courts like small claims courts. The advantage of having a lawyer present with you at court versus doing it yourself is that lawyers are familiar with the court's customs and procedures, and make the legal system more efficient for all involved.
Often, unrepresented parties often damage their own credibility or slow the court down as a result of their inexperience.
Preparation of Court Papers
Lawyers can research and draft court papers. Lawyers brief a court in writing on the issues in a case before the issues can be orally argued. They may have to perform extensive research into relevant facts and law while drafting legal papers and preparing for oral argument.
A lawyer will obtain the facts of the case from the client. The attorney then researches and drafts the necessary court pleadings (which will be filed with the Court's Clerk and served) and orally argues the case in court. In some cases, a lawyer may fill out court forms and draft simple papers for lay persons who cannot afford or do not need attorneys and advise them on how to manage and argue their own cases.
Free Consultation and Legal Counselling
An important aspect of a lawyer's job is developing and managing relationships with clients especially in cases where there is a possible or pending litigation.
The client-lawyer relationship often begins with an intake consultation or interview, where the lawyer meets and gets to know the client and their particular situation, analyses the facts of the client's case and may ask questions. Then and after consideration, the lawyer proceeds to clarify what the client wants to accomplish, explain to the client as to what actually can be accomplished and are realistic expectations.
Legal Advice
Legal advice is the application of abstract principles of law to the concrete facts of the client's case in order to advise the client about what they should do next. Only a properly licensed lawyer may provide legal advice to clients for good consideration, even if no lawsuit is contemplated or is in progress. Therefore, attorneys must first get a license to practice and failure to obey such a rule is the crime of unauthorized practice of law. This is especially important in developing claims or defenses for litigation.
Negotiating and Drafting Contracts
In some countries, the negotiating and drafting of contracts is considered to be similar to the provision of legal advice, so that it is subject to the licensing requirement explained above. In others, jurists or notaries may negotiate or draft contracts.
Lawyers in some civil law countries traditionally deprecated "transactional law" or "business law" as beneath them.
Wills and Trusts Law
In the United States, the estates of the deceased must generally be administered by a court through probate. Lawyers have the legal authority to draft wills, trusts, and any other documents that ensure the efficient disposition of a person's property after death and therefore, carrying out the intent of the deceased.
Criminal Defense and Prosecution
In many civil law countries, prosecutors are trained and employed as part of the judiciary; they are law-trained jurists, but may not necessarily be lawyers in the sense that the word is used in the common law world. In common law countries, prosecutors are usually lawyers holding regular licenses who simply happen to work for the government office that files criminal charges against suspects. Criminal defense lawyers specialize in the defense of those charged with any crimes.
Protecting Intellectual Property Law
Patents, trademarks, industrial designs and other forms of intellectual property must be formally registered with a government agency in order to receive maximum protection under the law.
Conveyancing is the drafting of the documents necessary for the transfer of real property, such as deeds and mortgages. In some jurisdictions, all real estate transactions must be carried out by a lawyer. In others, the use of a lawyer is optional and banks, title companies, or realtors may be used instead.
Our experienced team of attorneys can effectively advise you on what you should expect and what may not be the best possible strategy. This is when our over 30 years of experience and wide scope of law practice comes into play and sets us apart from other firms: we have managed large numbers of cases in very different scenarios.
Excellent law practice. Really nice people and very assertive when it comes to complex business litigation and business disputes. They did a wonderful job and I won't hesitate if to contact them if I ever need legal advice in the future.
Best lawyer, fair pricing. Not Stuffy Law Office. Friendly. Jonathan exceptional. Happy receptionist. Not ordinary lawyer
Jonathan has been a great support through all of my custody issues. I was married to my ex-husband when he was going through a high conflict divorce, so I didn't expect our divorce to be any different. Jonathan has been a life saviour in so many situations, keeping me level headed and reasonable through the entire situation. Some of my friends attorneys will tell them whatever they want to hear, and let them fight court battles they won't win, just to get the extra legal fees, but Jonathan has never once done that with me. He will tell me directly if I'm asking for something I can't realistically get, so it's not worth my time and money. Because of this, not only have I not wasted money and time on unnecessary legal endeavours, but every time I have gone to court, I have known exactly what to expect and have always gotten exactly what I have asked the court for. Sometimes it's not always what I initially wanted, but because he keeps me honest and reasonable in this situation prior to going to court, I have been able to focus on what's really important with these custody issues, and definitely come out looking like the reasonable one. He's very in touch and familiar with the Judges and Parenting Coordinators. Explains what to expect from each one, and how to adjust your requests based on who is proceeding your case. If you're going through a divorce or custody battle, especially a high conflict one, I would highly recommend Jonathan to represent you. I have been represented by him for over 5 years. If you listen to his guidance, he will not let you down.
Jon was extremely professional when working my case for a guardianship of a child. Jon's work was very efficient and he kept in constant contact with me about my case leaving me feeling comfortable and taken care of. I felt secure with Jon in my corner on my case and because of Jon and the great work he did for me, my family member was kept safe from harm at all times and was spared from potential and detrimental psychological harm. Jon is a great lawyer and despite his extremely busy schedule, makes you feel that you matter and are a priority to him as his client. I would recommend Jon Collins to all my friends, family and any other person that needs legal counsel. If I need legal counsel in the future, I know I will definitely be seeking help from Jon Collins every time.
I would highly recommend Jonathan S. Collins to anyone in need of an excellent attorney. He is very knowledgeable and always answered my questions very quickly. All of his recommendations as to how to proceed in my case and in my business relationships were accurate and beneficial. He always is quick to respond to inquiries and provides comprehensive advice. My legal issues can be complicated and Jon has made difficult times much easier to handle. He is an excellent attorney.
J Collins has been our family attorney for many (about 6 ) years. He has never given up on finding ways to keep my granddaughter in our lives. He has been true to the laws even when the court didn't abide by the laws. Trying to keep the bills down and fighting hard for the child's and grandparents rights were difficult, but not impossible for Mr. Collins. He and all of them are helpful and caring.
I had a great experience. My business litigation case was quite complicated, I felt that pressured and like the other party, my ex-business partner was trying to take advantage of me; but the attorneys at Collins & Collins were with me all the way and I didn't feel alone in this. They tried very hard to make things easy for me and to explain everything since I had no idea about these things and legal issues, I have never had to deal problem before in my life. I think that the Collins are very good s and legal issues, I have never had to deal problem before in my life. I think that the Collins are very good business lawyers. Would highly recommend.
Joe Collins has been my attorney for 6 years now. I have contracted his services for family law and for advising on a criminal act perpetrated by a family member against my dependent child. Joe and his father Bob Collins have been excellent assets throughout my family court proceedings that were complex and lengthy. Joe Collins is well known in the family court system being both knowledgeable of the other litigating attorneys, and the judges that rotate on and off the bench. An added perk was that Bob Collins has a police background and he is skilled in the analytical methods used by law enforcement. I prevailed in my lengthy court proceedings because I had an excellent, savvy, cost-effective, tenured legal team representing me and the best interests of my dependents.
The Collins Law firm has been a staple in my family now for the last decade. When my wife and I were faced with desperate financial distress, Joe Collins stepped in to assist us with bankruptcy
, all the while helping us to maintain our dignity. When the ex-wife was being unrealisti c with child support requiremen ts, John drove all the way to Holbrook Arizona to defend me in the matter. John had the issue resolved in a profession al manner and kept everything fair for both parents and the children involved. When my mother was involved in a serious car accident and the police were unable to definitive ly deduce a person at fault, John was able to prove my mother was not at fault. He was able to replace her vehicle and ensure her medical bills were handled. When my wife's best friend was not receiving child support from her ex, we were quick to refer the Collins law firm. We are happy to say she is now receiving benefits for her daughter. We shall soon be utilizing Collins and Collins once more, for finally seeking custody of my two eldest teens. I trust win or loose in the matter, the Collins firm will deliver as always, exceptiona lly just and fair results. We have referred the Collins & Collins firm on no less than three occasions. My parents, my wife's friend and another family friend whom the Collins firm was so fair to, they outright told her she could handle the issue herself and not to be nervous to do so. That is the honesty that can be found at the Collins and Collins firm. Well now I proudly say I'm referring the Collins and Collins Law firm to any of you who need legal assistance and are viewing this page. Schedule your consultati on today. Thank You
We also work to translate "legalese" into understandable terms so you are clear about your legal standing and options and can fully participate in the legal process. In Collins & Collins L.L.P. you have a legal team dedicated to you first and foremost. While we provide you with information you can understand, we let you make decisions after you understand your options.
Often legal situations do not end with an agreement or court order; as situations change, adjustments may need to be made to accommodate those changes. Therefore, our representation does not end at the negotiating table or in court. We stand beside you throughout the legal process and afterward as you implement court orders and decisions.
Call today for a Free Consultation with one of our Phoenix Probate Attorneys. There is never a charge or obligation for us to review your situation and determine how we can help.
Legal Practice Areas
Our integrity, experience, and commitment to our clients have made us a top rated law firm in Arizona for over 30 years.
The attorneys at Collins & Collins, L.L.P., have been successfully providing legal representation for:
- Bankruptcy Law
- Business Law
- Child Law
- Civil Court
- Civil Litigation
- Criminal Law
- Elder Law
- Estate Law
- Family Law
- Adoption and Legal Guardianship Law
- Alimony and Spousal Support Law
- Annulment Law
- Child Custody Law
- Child Support and Child Support Enforcement Law
- Division of Assets Law
- Divorce Law
- Domestic / Spousal Abuse
- Domestic Violence Law
- International Divorce Law
- Legal Separation Law
- Post Judgment Modifications
- Prenuptial and Postnuptial Agreements
- Personal Injury Law
- Probate Law
- Adoption and Legal Guardianship Law
- Alimony and Spousal Support Law
- Annulment Law
- Child Custody Law
- Child Support and Child Support Enforcement Law
- Division of Assets Law
- Divorce Law
- Domestic / Spousal Abuse
- Domestic Violence Law
- International Divorce Law
- Legal Separation Law
- Post Judgment Modifications
- Prenuptial and Postnuptial Agreements
We understand that when people look for legal advice they are usually suffering hardships or under great strain; they need help and the last thing that they want is to not receive proper representation.
There is no substitute for enlisting the aid of a competent and professional law firm to guide you through the intricacies of the complex legal system while advocating on your behalf.
You will find that Collins & Collins L.L.P.'s commitment to excellence in our service and legal representation begins with prompt responses to your inquiries, complete explanations of your choices and thorough preparation of your case when issues are contested.
Our practice is not focused on volume, and since we are a family business, we are proud to keep it this way and we are able to promise to deliver the best possible representation to clients that we decide to take on with professionalism and the utmost respect towards them.
Our Phoenix & Arizona Lawyer Awards
Avvo Clients Choice – Family Law 2015
Avvo Excellent Family Attorney
Avvo Excellent Bankruptcy Attorney
Avvo Excellent Probate Attorney
What You Can Expect from Our Skilled and Experienced Phoenix & Arizona Probate Lawers
At Collins & Collins, L.L.P we are selective when it comes to the cases that we take on. The reason? Simple, we want to make sure that we are able to provide our clients with the best possible legal representation that we can provide in order to meet their demands and individual circumstances.
Our Probate Attorney Fees
We understand that you may be fearful of the high costs of paying a probate lawyer. We believe in offering excellent probate representation at a fair price. That is why you will find that we offer highly competitive probate attorney fees as well as for all our legal practice areas.
Because we are a family firm we focus on what matters: practicing the law. This means that we don't spend on costly advertising or fancy offices. We pride ourselves on doing our job and doing it right and that. Because of this, we are able to deliver a high success rate and client satisfaction.
Probate Lawyer Free Consultation
Our practice is not focused on volume, and since we are a family business, we are proud to keep it this way and we are able to promise to deliver the best possible representation to clients that we decide to take on with professionalism and the utmost respect towards them.
Call today for an initial consultation. There is never a charge or obligation for us to review your situation and determine how we can help.
Find out how we can fight for you:
Phoenix Law Office: (602) 788-7227
Payson Law Office: (928) 363-8004
Consulta Gratis : Nuestros Abogados Hablan Español
If you use email, Collins & Collins L.L.P. will respond within 24 hours during the week, or by Monday if on the weekend, so as to avoid playing telephone tag. We ensure you speak with a lawyer and not just a staff member.


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House to consider cuts to food stamps
June 19, 2013
By MARY CLARE JALONICK
(WASHINGTON, AP) — A wide-ranging farm bill the House is considering would cut food stamps by $2 billion a year and make it more difficult for some people to qualify for the domestic food aid program.
The chamber is expected to begin voting on 103 amendments to the farm legislation, including bids to reduce or expand the food stamp cuts, on Wednesday.
Farm-state lawmakers have been scrambling to win bipartisan votes for the measure, facing defections from both parties over the SNAP cuts. It was unclear whether Republican leaders will be able to gather the votes they need to pass the bill, which would also expand some agriculture subsidies and set policy for rural development programs.
Conservative groups have lobbied aggressively against the legislation, arguing for greater cuts to farm subsidies and food stamps. The White House has threatened to veto the bill, saying the food stamp cuts are too high.
In an effort to push the legislation through, House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, said last week that he will vote for it, while making it clear that he doesn't really like it. He said he wants to get the bill to House-Senate conference and passing the bill is better than doing nothing. The legislation would cut around $4 billion a year in overall spending on farm and nutrition programs.
Democratic leaders have said they will wait to see how the chamber votes on amendments, but have so far signaled opposition to the measure. Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi of California is a "likely no" on the bill, according to a spokesperson, and No. 2 House Democrat Steny Hoyer of Maryland called the food stamp cuts "irresponsible" on Tuesday.
House Agriculture Committee Chairman Frank Lucas, R-Okla., pleaded for votes on the House floor Tuesday, saying a robust farm policy is necessary to avoid farm crises like those in the 1930s and 1980s.
"I will work with all of you to improve this draft," he said. "I ask you to work with me."
The House legislation would achieve some of the food stamp cuts by partially eliminating what is called categorical eligibility, or giving people automatic food stamp benefits when they sign up for certain other programs. The bill would also end a practice in some states of giving low-income people as little as $1 a year in home heating assistance, even when they don't have heating bills, in order to make them eligible for increased food stamp benefits.
Lucas called his bill as the "most reform-minded bill in decades," saying it would make needed cuts to food stamps and eliminate $5 billion a year in direct payments, subsidies that are paid to farmers whether they grow or not. The bill also expands crop insurance and makes it easier for rice and peanut farmers to collect subsidies.
It was uncertain how amendment votes could affect the vote on final passage, which could happen this week or next. Any alterations to the delicate balance of farm subsidy support included in the bill could cause members who represent the regions or crops affected to turn on it. Amendments targeting rice, peanut, sugar and dairy subsidies, among other crops, are expected to have contentious votes. The chamber will also vote on a Democratic amendment to eliminate the food stamp cuts.
It has been more than five years since the House passed a farm bill. Since then, Republicans took control of the chamber and more than 200 new members have been elected — many of them conservatives who replaced rural Democrats.
The politics of farm and food aid have also changed since then. Farm country is enjoying record-high prices and is one of the most profitable sectors of the economy, causing many lawmakers to question why farmers still receive more than $15 billion a year in subsidies. And the food stamp program has doubled in cost as the economy has struggled.
Farm groups were scrambling Tuesday to lobby lawmakers on the bill.
Chandler Goule, a lobbyist for the National Farmers Union, said his group is telling Democrats that the food stamp cuts will likely be reduced in conference because the Senate farm bill passed last week has a much smaller cut — about one-fifth of the amount of the House cuts, or $400 million a year. With the presidential veto looming, lawmakers will have to bring that number down, Goule said.
"We need to remember this is not the last vote," Goule said he is telling lawmakers.
With leadership staying mostly on the sidelines, much of the lobbying has been left to the farm groups, Lucas and Minnesota Rep. Collin Peterson, the top Democrat on the agriculture panel. On Tuesday, both said they think they have the votes for passage.
Peterson said predicted at least 40 Democrats will support the bill. He too has been telling fellow Democrats that the food stamp cuts are likely to change in a conference with the Senate.
If the bill fails, he said, Congress will just have to haggle over another extension of current law. The 2008 farm bill was extended in January.
"If we can't get this through now, I don't know when we can," he said.

subset: commoncrawl


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If you talk to a programmer, almost all software sucks, even the programs they wrote a few months ago. This is typically due to changing technology, increased knowledge or even a market shift. The software you wrote may have been a good idea when you started, but does it serve the correct purpose now? Even when there is a question of real purpose, the software gets installed into a production environment, because nobody wants to be involved in a project that did not deploy.
Now that the system is in production what do you do? Somebody typically maintains the system, correcting defects and adding features. Slowly, that system continues to grow. However, the programmers and managers realize that the system does not really do what they want it to, or maybe there is a ton of technical debt that should be cleaned up. In many cases, people call for a complete rewrite of the system. If you are an agile development organization, this typically brings additional concerns:
Re-engineering is highly problematic from an Agile point of view. We are not producing functionality. We are not working from user facing stories. There may be business value to what we are doing (such as improving the performance of our application) but it is not directly measurable business value in most cases.
Re-engineering is also too often driven by technical concerns within the team (or its management). We didn't build it as well as we wish we had. We have learned new things now, and we want to incorporate them.
Generally, wholesale re-engineering of a system is a bad idea, because the system still serves a purpose and its' functionality is a moving target. If the system does not serve a purpose, then what is the point of rewriting it? So, if we follow the assumption that parts of the system were a good idea and scrapping the system is a bad idea, how do you modify the system? This is highly dependent upon what you are trying to change, and how agile your organization really is. For our examples, let's assume the organization is used to Scrum, and uses it in all software projects. How do we deal with the desire to re-engineer a system and resolving technical debt?
High Defect Rates
One way that a technical debt heavy application can present itself is when there is a high defect rate. This may not be a bad thing if there is a desire to rewrite the application. You can use the defect list as the list of user stories, and plan a few sprints to clean up the defects. However, the key is to include some time to analyze the areas or components that have the highest defect density. These areas will be the focus of each sprint. Your defects can become additional unit tests, so that you have your baseline tests as well as proof that the new code should also handle the defect situations. Once you have this safety net of unit tests, you can freely re-engineer and refactor these troublesome areas. If the application was "very buggy", this type of work can quickly stabilize a system without taking on the pain of trying to rewrite the whole application and introducing different issues.
Replacing Old Technology
Let me start this by saying you should not replace old technology just because you think it is old or because there is something newer and cooler. You need a valid business reason, or management will not agree to the work. One good reason to replace old technology is when support for it is being ended (or planned), and the new version has some features that your application could take advantage of. In particular, you really want to attack this problem when there is a feature to add or there are some defects that need fixing. Hopefully, you can still use the existing unit tests, but if not, the unit tests will need to be modified (or rewritten) to work with the new technology. This is one of the more dangerous tasks because it is such a significant change. Typically, the code will be changing enough for this work to be considered a significant release, and will require all the trappings of a typical longer project. This also requires a significant amount of analysis in order to determine the system impact and the proper user stories. The risk in this type of project is proportional to the size of the technology being replaced. If you are replacing a library that is used for financial calculations, you may be able to organize the sprints in a similar manner to the defect correction example. However, if you are moving from Struts 1.1 to Spring MVC 3.0, you have a significant amount of risk and analysis to do, so plan accordingly.
New Feature Does Not Fit The Design
As in the old technology replacement example, this work will have risk proportional to the size of the components being replaced. In the CMS example, the design change of a core feature carried significant risk. One benefit was that the widget conversion allowed stories and sprints to be planned nicely. First, the basic dynamic widget design could be completed, and then future sprints would deal with the conversion of each static widget. You could actually run the two widget systems in parallel until the last static widget is converted. Once that is complete, you can freely delete the old static widget classes and marvel at your new implementation.
The key in all of these examples is finding a way to break each task into user stories so that you can plan your sprints. This allows you to get the project on a familiar path that even management can understand.


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Monday, November 30, 2009
Newmarket traffic control box art
6 comments:
LOL i pass this everyday on the way to work :-) i'll have to take note now too!ReplyDelete
I love that sculptue on the footpath not far from this i think it is. One side looks like a hand holding a ball and the otherside looks like the profile of a face...very clever :D
This painting of traffic light control boxes should be picked up in Australia. Instead we have them tagged. In many areas, NZ is one step ahead of us.ReplyDelete
Brisbane seems to be where the trend is prevalent in Australia, Andrew -- see these examples.ReplyDelete
I hold out hope of guerrilla mural artists attacking the traffic control boxes here in Melb, thereby starting a trend of murals which (most) graffiti artists/taggers respect and leave untouched.ReplyDelete
See what you mean. Why has it never caught on here?ReplyDelete
I hope it does, so next time I visit Melbourne I see lots of it around. Melbourne and Sydney has some great street art pieces, though. I was impressed as anything last time I visited.ReplyDelete


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The Toledo History Museum offers a variety of books featuring local authors and Toledo stories. All books are available at the Museum during normal visiting hours and they can be purchased online via our PayPal store.
|Title, Description
|Add To Cart
|Toledo Profile by Tana Porter Mosier
|Time After Time, Local History Department, TLCPL
|Point Place Just a Few Years Ago by Ken Dickson
|Travels with the Grandkids by Ken Dickson
|Teasingly Yours: The Queen of Burlesque by Ken Dickson
|Thus Fell Tecumseh by Frank Kuron
|Illegal Gambling Clubs of Toledo (Second Edition) by Terry Shaffer
|Day by Day in Toledo by Lou Hebert
|East of the Maumee River by Larry Michaels & Ron Mauter
|A Boy's Journey Through the Great Depression by Jack Paquette
|Blowpipes by Jack Paquette
|Small Town Girl by Jack Paquette
|The Glassmakers, Revisited by Jack Paquette
|Toledo's Woodlawn Cemetery by Rebecca Visser & Renee Jayne
|In Search of Our Past: Women of Northwest Ohio by Women Alive! Coalition
|Set of 9 volumes (vol. 1 & 3 sold out)
|Women of Northwest Ohio Volume 1: Sold Out
|Women of Northwest Ohio Volume 2: Margaret M. Anderson; Emma Ashley; Amanda F. Baxter; Mother M. Bernardine; Emily St. J. Bouton; Mary F. Crosby; Dr. Sara Davies; Sara R. Foley;Olivia B. Hall; Maude W. Henry; Mary S. H. Hold; Frances D. P. Jermain; Nettie P. Ketcham; Rose La Rose; Florence S. Libbey; Josina J. Lott; Martha F. H. McKesson; Ella Mollenkopf; Katherine C. Murphy; Charlotte Secor; Kate B. Sherwood; Grace E. Smith; Ada D. Stephens; Toledo Writers' Club; Sweet Breeze Wells; Marjorie M. Whiteman; Mary Ann W. Wolcott.
|Women of Northwest Ohio Volume 3: Sold Out
|Women of Northwest Ohio Volume 4: Frances A. Belcher; Harriet W. Daniels; Grace R. Dean; Georgette L. Engler; Josephine Fassett; Katharine Geddes; Leone Hineline; Agnes Jackson; Helen L. B. Jones; Sara Kaufman; Rose Mary B. Locke; Rosa Morgan; Edna E. Sharritt; Jung See Sing; Margaret Slater; Marian, Mary & Caroline Smead; Dorothy Stanbery; Dorothy Strouse; Sister Mary Lawrence Wilson; Nackie Wright.
|Women of Northwest Ohio Volume 5: Eliza Bidwell; Rebecca A. Binkowski; Mariam C. Canaday; Ethelyn C. Cates; Molly O. Godwin; Helen M. Hart; Anna C. Mott; Etta G. Randall; Ardella L.Reed; Edna B. Rowe; Pauline P. Secor; Julia R. Seney; Frieda H. Sfakianos; Alzina P. Stevens; Evelyn Weiher; Elizabeth F. Wittaker; Mamie L. Williams; Nackie Wright (updated from v. 4)
|Women of Northwest Ohio Volume 6: Fanny Allen; Victoria Cadaract; Madonna M. Corrigan; Ruth C. Fox; Edith H. Gabriel; Aurora Gonzalez; Elizabeth Gould-Hochman; Lucy Hayes; Gladys H. Hibbert; Caroline B. Jobst-Reimann; Eleanor M. Kahle; Inda W. Fornoff-Kneeshaw; Seiko McCann; Florence F. Miller; Catherine B. Navarre; Sofia A. Quintero; Lillian D. Reuben; Gladys L. T. Sanders; Margaret & Daisy Semple; Virginia S. Stranahan; Betty H. Timko; Alta B. Webb.
|Women of Northwest Ohio Volume 7: Nellie Dickerson; Fern Dickey; Bettye R. Kay; Cordelia Martin; Penna Miller; Rose M. P. Reder; Mariellen Vorderburg; Lois A. Waffle; Lois M. D. Zeluff.
|Women of Northwest Ohio Volume 8: Nida P. Bell; Marge Block; Lulu T. Gleason; Margaret Heising; Gladys J. Herron; Lois M. Nelson; Virginia Oravecz; Freda F. Smith; Catherine Todd; Leona Wilkinson.
|Women of Northwest Ohio Volume 9: Esther E. Gorsuch; Mary Beth Hayward; Sarah Hines; Elizabeth Hume; Mary Law; Lighthouse Ladies of Western Lake Erie; Ina D. Ogdon; Isabel S. Rorick; Katherine E. Wemmer.
|Women of Northwest Ohio Volume 10: Elizabeth L. W. Booker; Veronica M. Cottingham; Hazel J. Harbauer; Odessa, Eunice & Faye Love; Hazel V. D. Marshall; Betsy A. Kellogg; Mabel E. Hovey; Lola V. Merrell; Irene, Helen & Evelyn Dunn; Ada M. Jacob; Marjorie M. S. Druschel; Wilma Watkins; Ella N. P. Stewart (reprint from volume 3).
|Women of Northwest Ohio Volume 11: Mildred W. Benson; Betty Jo Carstensen; Edrene B. Cole; Joe Ann Cousino; Jane Forsyth; Samantha M. Y. Sherwood; Roxea H. Rice; Edna F. Crisman; Ruth A. Campbell; Dorothy W. Biddle; Vashti H. Seaman; Rosabelle C. Krauss; Dorothy L. D. Dailey; Vernadene V. Brockhoff; Joyce "Snowfeather" Mahaney; Margaret "Rusty" Monroe; Helen O'Connell; Ottabee Simms; Virginia G. B. Wiezbicki.
Women of Northwest Ohio


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Lamar Odom to Make Basketball Comeback in Spain
Seven months after being released from the Los Angeles Clippers, Lamar Odom has signed a two-month contract with Spain's club team Laboral Kutxa, E! News reports. Odom signed on for the rest of the 2013-14 season, with the option to play for one more year.
"We're very happy to have signed a very important player who has had a long and fruitful career in the NBA,'' Josean Querejeta, president of Laboral Kutxa, said in a statement. "We've worked very hard over the last couple of days to make this happen. We felt we needed a boost and had to break the collective cloud that has been hanging over us over the last while so we could get back to winning."
Odom could make his debut on Laboral Kutxa as early as Sunday.
The former Lakers player was arrested and charged with driving under the influence in August. He pleaded no contest in December was sentenced to three years' probation and three months of alcohol abuse treatment. That month, his wife Khloe Kardashian also filed for divorce.
View original Lamar Odom to Make Basketball Comeback in Spain at TVGuide.com
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Accessibility affects many people, and in ways that aren't always obvious. Over 60% of the world's population wear glasses – that's an accessibility issue. Want more numbers? Roughly 50% of people break a bone before the age of 65 - that's an accessibility issue too.
Now imagine holding a baby or a bag full of groceries and trying to use your phone one handed. Not very easy, right?
Environment and situations from our everyday life affect our abilities, like the bright sun that makes it hard to see, loud noises make it difficult to hear, bumpy roads reduce our motor abilities, sleepiness lowers our focus, alcohol affects our cognitive abilities and the list goes on...
Remember that nobody can count themselves as always fully able and the older we get, the more accessibility needs we will have.
Now some of us might experience challenges with accessibility temporarily. But knowing how people who are differently abled experience the internet, can help us to better understand the difficulties they face on a daily basis.
You can see more examples in the quiz below, try to do the tasks and learn more about accessibility challenges and how we can overcome them.
Today we do things on the web more often than ever before. That means it's even more important for online services to be accessible to everybody. Designing for people with different needs actually results in designs that benefit us all. That's why at Reward Gateway we are committed to delivering the most accessible employee engagement platform. Easy to use for everyone.


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Fox sees nothing funny about Alki David's irreverently titled Barrydriller.com, which streams broadcast TV to an array of digital services, like Aereo, in which Barry Diller is a lead investor. The network filed suit Friday against the site in U.S. District Court in Los Angeles, charging that Barrydriller.com violates its right of public performance by streaming the signal of its Los Angeles affiliate, KTTV, to subscribers without authorization.
David is a colorful entrepreneur whose earlier effort to stream major network affiliates' broadcast signals via FilmOn.com was halted by a New York federal judge in 2010. But he has been determined to pursue a business model offering broadcast streaming.
Last month, a New York federal judge, Alison Nathan, declined to immediately put a halt to Aereo, which streams signals to subscribers via thousands of dime-sized antennas. By declining to issue a preliminary injunction, Nathan delivered a blow to the networks, which say that such services undercut their business models. They are in the midst of pursuing an appeal.
After the Aereo decision, David launched Barrydriller.com, which also uses a system of antennas in a bid to perhaps withstand legal scrutiny. The name of his service is a nod (or maybe even a dig) at Aereo's most famous investor — It's an "homage to a great guy and at the same time it's drilling him a bit," David told the Wall Street Journal — but David also said the service comes at a lower price point, $5.95 per month, and that he'll pay retransmission fees to the networks.
But Fox challenges the legality of the antenna transmissions in its suit. "It simply does not matter whether BarryDriller uses one big antenna to receive plaintiff's broadcasts and retransmit them to your finger or millions of antennas 'so tiny (one) fits on the tip of your finger,' as defendants claim it does. No amount of technological gimmickry by defendants changes the fundamental principle of copyright law that those who wish to retransmit plaintiffs' broadcasts may do so only with plaintiffs' authority."
In an email, David said that the "networks should be loving us, not hating us. Whether they like it or not, free TV is meant to be free. BarryDriller/FilmOn is constitutionally entitled to distribute the free-to-air channels."
David has said that they have deployed millions of antennas across the country, and that they make "a private connection with a personal antenna so it is not a public performance." He said that they created such a model three years ago and that their antennas are more functional than those used by Aereo.
David said that BarryDriller is in four major markets — New York, Los Angeles, Chicago and Minneapolis — and plans to launch in San Francisco and Dallas in the next two weeks. He also said that FilmOn is launching its first broadcast channel in the country, KILM-TV Channel 64, in Los Angeles starting on Sept. 1.
Fox's suit was filed by Richard L. Stone, Kenneth Klein and David Singer at Jenner & Block.


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One among the top tier of President Obama's army of surrogates strikes again. Trying to promote Team O's latest messaging that, why yes, we are indeed shameless enough to actually embrace our economic record and spin it as a positive, President Bill Clinton painted a picture of Americans that was somewhat less than flattering on the campaign trail on Friday, via CBS News:
Campaigning for Obama in Green Bay, Wis., Clinton urged voters to stay the course as more signs of a recovery sink in. Clinton said voters should judge Obama on the past three years, in which private sector job growth has made up for lost ground.
"This shouldn't be a race," Clinton said. "The only reason it is, is because Americans are impatient on things not made before yesterday and they don't understand why the economy is not totally hunky-dory again."
The former president said Obama's difficulty in his race with Republican challenger Mitt Romney is that "people don't feel it yet" even as the unemployment rate ticks down and the manufacturing sector perks up.
Oh, of course — but for those damnably impatient Americans who have spent the last few years watching their incomes shrink and gas and food prices rise; who've seen their employers dropping health insurance plans; who've been unemployed or underemployed for months on end; they just don't get it. Forget that President Obama employed Keynesian principles that have kept us in the most milquetoast economic recovery since the Great Depression: There are just too many factors outside of his control, for which we shouldn't blame him, and if we just hike taxes a bit on the wealthiest few Americans (who already happen to shoulder the largest tax burden while providing jobs for others), then we can just take our sweet time reforming our current spending habits while adding trillions to the debt.
But Clinton says that it's Mitt Romney who "thinks we're dumb." Riiiiight.


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Atchison, David Rice
Atchison, David Rice ăch´ĭsən [key], 1807–86, U.S. Senator, b. Frogtown, Ky. A lawyer and politician in Missouri, he served in the Senate from 1843 to 1855. As a proslavery Democrat, Atchison was instrumental in having the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed. He is sometimes regarded as having been
president for a daybecause he was president pro tempore of the Senate (and next in the line of succession after the departing president and vice president) when, for religious reasons, President-elect Zachary Taylor refused to be sworn in on the Sunday (Mar. 4, 1849) when his inauguration was first scheduled to occur. Atchison, however, neither took the oath of office constitutionally required of the president nor was recognized at the time as temporarily serving as president. After his defeat for reelection in 1855, he was a leader of the border ruffians in the raids into Kansas (1855–56). He supported the Confederacy in the Civil War. Atchison, Kans., is named for him.
See biography by W.E. Parrish (1961).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2023, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies


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Victim in famous photo marks year since marathon
CARLISLE, Mass. — The year since Jeff Bauman was pushed in a wheelchair from the Boston Marathon, his legs ravaged and his face ashen, has been marked by pain and difficulty but also by triumphs: He's learned to walk on new prosthetic legs, he's gotten engaged and he's an expectant father.
Bauman became one of the most recognizable and powerful symbols of Boston's resilience after the April 15 attacks — immortalized in an Associated Press photo that shows three rescuers rushing him from the scene. He became a hero days later when he was able to help authorities identify one of two brothers accused of setting off pressure cooker bombs, killing two women and an 8-year-old boy and injuring more than 260 others. His memoir, "Stronger," comes out Tuesday.
The past year has been a blur for Bauman, and he can't get used to the idea that this is his new life.
"Right now, you know, it's kind of a challenge to put my legs on every day. I'm not used to it. It's something unnatural for me. But I think over time it will become more of a natural thing," Bauman, 28, told the AP in an interview at the home he shares with his fiancee, Erin Hurley. "At first I couldn't even wear them for 20 minutes. ... Now, I can wear them all day."
Bauman was standing near the finish line with two friends, waiting to cheer on Hurley as she completed the marathon, one of the most important and busiest events of the year in the city. He noticed a man who looked out of place in a crowd of revelers, and they exchanged a long stare. As Bauman describes him, he was "all business."
Moments later, the two bombs exploded. Bauman found himself on the ground, his legs gone. People rushed in to help, butBauman thought it was the end. Suddenly, a man in a cowboy hat appeared: Carlos Arredondo. He lifted Bauman into a wheelchair pushed by Devin Wang, a Boston University student, and they rushed toward the medical tents. They were joined along the way by Paul Mitchell, an EMT with Boston EMS.
"When someone looks that way, they've lost a lot of blood, and they're really close to being dead," Mitchell said.
Thanks to his rescuers, he lived. He was in surgery within 20 minutes at Boston Medical Center.
Soon after Bauman woke, he was able to provide a description of the man who was "all business." Authorities say it was Tamerlan Tsarnaev, who was killed in a shootout with police in Watertown days later. Tsarnaev's brother, Dzhokhar, has pleaded not guilty and is awaiting trial.
Bauman calls the brothers "weak" and says they wasted their lives. He said Dzhokhar Tsarnaev must suffer from knowing what he did, especially killing a child.
"You can't tell me that that doesn't eat away at that kid every single day. It has to. It must haunt him," he said. "Or if it doesn't, it eventually will."
Bauman has focused on healing and learning to manage his new legs. He lost his legs above the knee, making it harder to adjust to his prosthetics. It takes more energy to walk with prosthetics than it does to walk normally, which means he gets tired easily.
He has made steady progress, and by March, he was walking with one crutch. He hopes to someday be able to walk without the crutches and to use the prosthetics all day without his legs getting sore, as they do now.
Sleeping was tough for him the first few months, and he still has nights when his mind is racing too fast to get any sleep. Days can be tough, too.
"I have bad days, days when I just don't want to do anything. Just kind of want to lay in bed," he said. "I don't want to see anybody today. There's days like that."
Bauman is on leave from the Costco store where he worked in Nashua, N.H., before the bombing. He wants to learn how to drive again before going back, and he has a rigorous rehabilitation schedule that requires several appointments a week. He also feels he's not prepared mentally to return yet.
For now, Bauman and Hurley are preparing for the baby, due July 14. They got engaged in February and tentatively plan to get married next year, Hurley said.
Bauman admits he has some jitters.
"I'm kind of scared, I don't know. I mean, I just want to be able to be there physically when the baby's running around and going nuts," he said.
They don't know yet if it's a boy or a girl. To be safe, Bauman painted the nursery a neutral shade of gray. The couple moved into a home in rural Carlisle, northwest of Boston, in the fall. Before then, Bauman lived with his mother in an apartment in Chelmsford, an old mill town to the north.
Hurley says Bauman is still deciding whether to go back to school or pursue other opportunities that have arisen since the bombing.
"He can do anything he wants really. But all he wants to do is walk. I think that's a good goal for now," she said. "Plus, we have the baby coming. That's going to be a big project. Like a lifetime project."
For this year's marathon, the couple plans to spend some time at the race, though Bauman admits to being apprehensive — not because he's worried it's not safe but because of his celebrity.
"I'm kind of scared about that," he said. "I don't want to be mobbed and hoisted up in a crowd."


text: Breadcrumb Home News Study expands the cancer genomics universe By Haley Bridger, Broad Communications January 24, 2014 A landmark study across many cancer types reveals that the universe of cancer mutations is much bigger than previously thought. By analyzing the genomes of thousands of patients' tumors, a Broad Institute-led research team has discovered many new cancer genes — expanding the list of known genes tied to these cancers by 25 percent. Moreover, the study shows that many key cancer genes still remain to be discovered. The team's work, which lays a critical foundation for future cancer drug development, also shows that creating a comprehensive catalog of cancer genes for scores of cancer types is feasible with as few as 100,000 patient samples. "For the first time, we know what it will take to draw the complete genomic picture of human cancer," said Broad Institute founding director Eric Lander, a senior co-author of the paper. "That's tremendously exciting, because the knowledge of genes and their pathways will highlight new, potential drug targets and help lead the way to effective combination therapy." Over the past 30 years, scientists had found evidence for about 135 genes that play causal roles in one or more of the 21 tumor types analyzed in the study. The new report not only confirms these genes, but, in one fell swoop, increases the catalog of cancer genes by one-quarter. It uncovers 33 genes with biological roles in cell death, cell growth, genome stability, immune evasion, as well as other processes. The researchers' results appear in print in this week's issue of Nature. "One of the fundamental questions we need to ask ourselves is: Do we have a complete picture yet? Looking at cancer genomes tells us that the answer is no: there are more cancer genes out there to be discovered," said the paper's first author Mike Lawrence, a computational biologist at the Broad. "We could tell that our current knowledge was incomplete because we discovered many new cancer genes," said co-senior author Gad Getz director of the Broad Institute's Cancer Genome Computational Analysis group and a Broad associate member. Getz is also the director of the Bioinformatics Program at Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and the department of pathology. "Moreover, we could tell that there are many genes still to be discovered by measuring how the number of gene discoveries grows as we increase the number of samples in our analysis. The curve is still going up!" The researchers estimate that they will need to analyze, on average, about 2,000 samples of each cancer type in order to catalog the vast majority of these mutations – or about 100,000 samples across roughly 50 tumor types. "Given that there are around 32 million people living with cancer worldwide, this is a very reasonable number to study," said Getz. The tumor types analyzed included those in which lots of mutations occur – such as melanoma and forms of lung cancer – and those that have a much lower frequency of mutations – such as rhabdoid and medulloblastoma, both childhood cancers. In total, the researchers analyzed the genomes of nearly 5,000 cancer samples, comparing them with matched samples from normal tissue. Using methods that the group has pioneered over the last few years, they rediscovered nearly all previously known cancer driver genes for these types of cancer, validating their approach. The altered genes that the team has pinpointed will need to be followed up to determine which, if any, could be important targets for drug development. Initiatives at the Broad Institute like the Cancer Program's Target Accelerator intend to do just that. In the meantime, the new work offers a wider view of the cancer genomics universe, and tantalizing clues about what remains to be discovered if more samples are analyzed. In addition to Getz, who is also the Paul C. Zamecnik Chair in Oncology at Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, and an associate professor of pathology at Harvard Medical School, Lawrence, and Lander, other researchers who contributed to this work include Petar Stojanov, Craig H. Mermel, James T. Robinson, Levi A. Garraway, Todd R. Golub, Matthew Meyerson, and Stacey B. Gabriel. This work was conducted as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a project of the National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute. Paper(s) cited Lawrence M et al. "Discovery and saturation analysis of cancer genes across 21 tumor types" Nature DOI: 10.1038/nature12912 Latest news News 03.29.2023 Bacterial injection system delivers proteins in mice and human cells News 03.29.2023 Study reveals a driver of brain cell damage in neurodegeneration News 03.28.2023 Machine learning experts from around the world compete to improve cancer immunotherapy News 03.22.2023 #WhyIScience Q&A: A molecular biologist builds genome-editing tools to treat genetic diseases All news


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What is Self-healing?
G Flex's rear cover is fitted with self-healing technology, which removes light scratches that can take place in everyday life.
Still, user faults (e.g. intentional flaws, drops, and scratches) or environment-specific severe scratches, tearing and breaking may be irrecoverable.
Self-healing capacity may vary on the user environment including friction against certain materials, weights and temperature.


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Can you tell the difference between a genuine smile and one masking frustration? We aren't always conscious of the expressions we make in certain situations, which puts us at a disadvantage to computer programs that understand our facial expressions better than we do.
Ehsan Hoque, a graduate student in MIT's Affective Computing Group, led a new study designed to improve the way computers read and understand human faces. The team placed volunteers in front of webcams and asked them to act out various emotions, from delight to frustration. Then subjects were asked to fill out an online form designed to elicit frustration (darn thing kept deleting their data when they hit "Submit") while the webcam recorded their expressions. When asked to act out frustration, 90 percent of the subjects did not smile, but when provided with that obnoxious data-erasing form, 90 percent of them did smile.
The researchers showed also subjects videos of a delighted baby to elicit delighted smiles. While their analysis of still photos revealed little difference between delighted and frustrated smiles, the researchers did find there were distinct differences in the timing of these smiles. Delighted smiles tend to build up gradually while frustrated smiles appear suddenly and fade quickly.
As simple as this study is, it provides data that improves the capacity of computers to read emotion. When updated with this information, the group's computers can distinguish between delighted smiles and frustrated smiles better than a human can. Previous studies relied on subjects to act out emotions rather than eliciting the real thing, tainting the data and indicating that humans aren't always the best judge of our own expressions.
The hope is that, as the researchers gather more data and program the computers with more information on human expressions, these programs can help people with autism or others who have difficulty recognizing facial expressions understand the emotions flitting across other people's faces. Perhaps, though, if these programs really do understand expressions better then we do, it can help us all.
Incidentally, in the top image the smile on the right is the frustrated smile.
Photo by Hoque, et al.
Hoque's paper is available through the IEEE Computer Society.
Is that smile real or fake? [MIT News via Big Think]


text: Open source GSM cracking software called "Kraken" has been released into the wild. You may recognize some of the information from back in December when we announced that they had cracked GSM encryption. Well, now you can participate as well. You'll need a pretty beefy Linux machine and some patience. They say that an easier GUI and support for GPU processing is coming in the near future.


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The Democratic front-runner's wife did not comment on other rival candidates for the party's nomination, but she has been sniping at Clinton since last summer. According to Obama sources, those public utterances do not reveal the extent of her hostility.And please don't call it the "Queen Bee Syndrome."
Do you know what the Queen Bee Syndrome is? There will not be two women sharing power. One of the women will see to it, that the other woman is under the bus.That definition of the term came from Rush Limbaugh in the context of saying why Nancy Pelosi would want to prevent Hillary from getting the VP slot:
So Nancy Pelosi... was asked about the concept of a "dream ticket" for the Democrat Party.... The Queen Bee in Washington, Nancy Pelosi, threw "cold water" on this whole idea. She said, "Take it from me -- that won't be the ticket." A bunch of reporters then shouted, 'Why?' Pelosi declined to elaborate. 'Do you want me to go through a lifetime of political gut?' said Pelosi... 'I do think we'll have a dream team -- it just won't be those two names,'" meaning, if Nancy Pelosi has anything to say about it, Hillary Clinton will not be anywhere near the Democrat nomination.... The last thing she wants is Hillary Clinton in the White House. That will render her unnoticeable as speaker of the House. Neutered, if you will. Spayed. So what will happen here (laughter) is that Pelosi, who already holds her seat, is going to do whatever she has to, to see to it that Hillary does not get hers. I mean, it's fine if she stays over there in the Senate, and even better if she goes back to the Senate as a loser.Do powerful women hate to see other women succeed? Do they want to be the only woman? Or do you think "sisterhood is powerful" at the highest levels? Surely, Michelle Obama has plenty of reason to hate Hillary, but don't you think she wants to be the First Lady? If a woman is Vice President, that woman seems to be above the President's wife. She'd be the first lady.
Michelle would even have competition as the top spouse of the land, what with a former President roaming in and about the VP mansion. He'd catch the spotlight, project the glamour.
And speaking of Bill Clinton... Hillary certainly made it her business over the years to keep other women down whenever those women interfered with her plan to ascend to power via the spousal role. There was no powerful sisterhood then. And now: turnabout! Turnabout is... a bitch.


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(Health.com) -- Linda Bacon, Ph.D, dreads swimsuit season, but not because she has anything against the beach.
Instead, the California-based nutritionist fears what the season brings: scores of otherwise health-conscious citizens who subject themselves to deprivation diets (like the Master Cleanse) or intense exercise regimens, often in blazing hot weather, to look slimmer in revealing clothes.
Many unwittingly end up harming their health -- and possibly even their hearts.
"Early June and January are the two times of year people do crazy, desperate things to get thin fast," says Bacon, a nutrition professor at the City College of San Francisco, California, and the author of "Health at Every Size: The Surprising Truth About Your Weight."
"They go on fasts, yo-yo diets, detox programs, and 'cleanses' without realizing that there are serious consequences to weight loss and nutrient restriction."
That crash dieting doesn't work and can be dangerous is a message that gets lost in the national clamor over rising rates of overweight and obesity.
Thinking of trying a lemonade fast or cabbage soup diet? Here's what to keep in mind if fitting into your skinny jeans or your Speedo is high on your summer agenda.
Crash diets may harm your heart
Cardiologist Isadore Rosenfeld, MD, a professor of clinical medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College, in New York City, and author of the forthcoming "Doctor of the Heart: A Life in Medicine," opposes crash diets (less than 1,200 calories a day) and detox plans like the Master Cleanse.
The Master Cleanse involves consuming a mixture of water, lemon juice, maple syrup, and cayenne pepper -- and nothing else -- for several days.
Health.com: America's healthiest superfoods for women
He says these very low-calorie regimens are based on the false theory that the body needs help eliminating waste.
Research suggests rapid weight loss can slow your metabolism, leading to future weight gain, and deprive your body of essential nutrients. What's more, crash diets can weaken your immune system and increase your risk of dehydration, heart palpitations, and cardiac stress.
"A crash diet once won't hurt your heart," Dr. Rosenfeld says. "But crash dieting repeatedly increases the risk of heart attacks."
Bacon adds that long-term calorie-cutting can eventually lead to heart muscle loss. "Yo-yo dieting can also damage your blood vessels. All that shrinking and growing causes micro tears that create a setup for atherosclerosis and other types of heart disease," she says.
Chip Stinchfield, a 55-year-old shop owner in New Canaan, Connecticut, has experienced the cardiac effects of dieting firsthand. On the advice of friends, he went on a Master Cleanse for days and exercised vigorously. Another time he ate nothing but cottage cheese, beets, and peanut butter. Both were "quick, easy fixes" that helped him drop up to 10 pounds fast.
But both diets also gave him shortness of breath, heart palpitations, and "the feeling like I was going to have a heart attack."
Under pressure from his family, who thought his dieting might disable or kill him -- like many extreme dieters, Stinchfield kept his doctor in the dark about his radical habits -- he eventually went back to sensible eating.
Beware of fad diets
Experts have known for decades that extended crash diets can be dangerous -- especially when the diets become a fad.
In the late 1970s, an osteopath named Robert Linn published "The Last Chance Diet," a best seller that advocated a miraculous "liquid protein diet." Following the lead of their favorite celebrities, millions of people bought quarts of Dr. Linn's liquid formula and embraced the diet (or one of many copycat versions), averaging just 300 to 400 calories a day.
The diet seemed to work wonders -- some people reported losing as many as 10 pounds a week on the formula. But then the news of sudden deaths began to trickle in.
Health.com: 6 diet trends you should never try
An investigation led by the Food and Drug Administration turned up nearly 60 deaths among liquid dieters. Although some of the deaths occurred in people with underlying diseases such as atherosclerosis (and therefore could have been coincidental), government researchers who examined otherwise healthy dieters who died of ventricular arrhythmias found that the pattern of deaths suggested "the effects of protein-calorie malnutrition on the heart," including atrophy of the heart muscle.
Experts have since tried to pinpoint the dangers of crash diets (technically known as "very low calorie" diets). Shortages of potassium, magnesium, and copper have been suggested as possible causes of the arrhythmias seen in crash dieters, and studies have also found that the diets can cause a drop in blood pressure and sodium depletion.
The true extent of the risk posed by crash diets is unclear, however. Much of the research has been conducted in obese people -- a population that can actually benefit from these extreme diets -- and in most studies the health of the participants is carefully monitored.
Experts stress that very-low-calorie diets should only be followed with a doctor's supervision. But crash dieters are more likely to consult their friends than a doctor -- which can get them into trouble.
Brooke Robertson, 23, learned these lessons the hard way. Last spring the Auckland, New Zealand, mom reportedly suffered a minor heart attack after she lost 100 pounds on a diet of Red Bull and the occasional fistful of dry cereal.
Despite the international publicity, Bacon doesn't think desperate dieters will consider Robertson a cautionary tale. "There's absolutely no benefit to fasting or detoxing," she says. "Extreme diets are simply bad for you and they don't work. But every year people engage in magical thinking."
How to lose weight -- safely
If you're overweight, slimming down is critical for your overall health. Even moderate weight loss can lower your risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, and some types of cancer.
But it's important to lose weight safely, which usually means slowly: Most experts recommend dropping just 1 to 2 pounds a week. And despite what some brand-name diets claim, the best way to do so is to exercise regularly and stick to a diet that limits saturated fat and sugars and emphasizes fruits and vegetables, lean meats and fish, and whole grains.
"The key to losing weight is a combination of diet and exercise," says Dr. Rosenfeld. "One alone will not do it."


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We believe. We believe this. Faith, the devotion of the people of God, have always held that these were the relics of the Apostle Peter. And in this way we continue to venerate them and give them the honor they deserve. – Archbishop Rino Fisichella
VATICAN CITY — The Vatican's decision to publicly exhibit the purported relics of the Apostle Peter for the first time has spotlighted the intense scientific debate over whether the bones actually belong to the first pope.
Pope Francis on Sunday will preside over a Mass in St. Peter's Square at which an urn containing the relics will be shown for public veneration. The urn is usually kept in the Apostolic Palace for private veneration by popes, but it will be publicly displayed for the first time to mark the end of the church's "Year of Faith."
This is the only such exhibit now planned.
No pontiff has ever definitively declared the bones to be Peter's, though Pope Paul VI in 1968 said fragments found in the necropolis under St. Peter's Basilica were "identified in a way that we can consider convincing."
Some prominent Vatican archaeologists disagreed, and debate continues today much as it has over the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin.
A senior Vatican official, Archbishop Rino Fisichella, acknowledged the debate Monday but suggested it barely matters if scientists eventually determine the bones aren't Peter's since Christians have venerated them for two millennia and will continue to do so, regardless.
"We want to highlight the theological value of this," he told reporters. "Then, correctly, archaeologists will do all their research. And we will be happy if even one day we were to arrive at an even clearer decision from the scientific point of view."
But he stressed: "We believe. We believe this. Faith, the devotion of the people of God, have always held that these were the relics of the Apostle Peter. And in this way we continue to venerate them and give them the honor they deserve."
The general public can visit the tomb of St. Peter in the necropolis under the basilica, where Francis prayed in the weeks after he became pope, the first pontiff to visit the tomb.
Follow Nicole Winfield at www.twitter.com/nwinfield


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Alright folks! Today we have another exciting new first for Doing Dewey! I will be hosting my first ever reading challenge, the 2013 Book to Movie Challenge. Your mission, should you choose to accept it, is to review books and the movies which they've been made into. It's a tough job, but someone has to let us book lovers know which movies are going to fulfill our dreams of watching our favorite books come to life and which movies are going to ruthlessly shatter those dreams!
To enter, just click through to the linky at the bottom of this post and link to a post on your blog mentioning the challenge and the challenge level you're attempting. You can change challenge levels at any time and the challenge levels are as follows:
Movie Fan – read 3 books and watch their movies
Movie Devotee – read 6 books and watch their movies
Movie Lover – read 9 books and watch their movies
Movie Aficionado – read 12 books and watch their movies
Click here to enter your link and view this Inlinkz list (feel free to type n/a instead of actually leaving your e-mail)…
Those of you who signed up earlier will note that we've moved from Linky Lists to Inlinkz, for reasons of not having to pay money to keep the list up. I moved over everyone's earlier entries (by hand – yes, this was about as fun as it sounds, haha) which means you'll need to let me know if you want your link removed. Also, Inlinkz won't let me not require an e-mail address so feel free to fill in that box with whatever if you don't want to leave your e-mail. Thanks guys!
Credit for the logo, to which I artistically added writing, goes to the Ozark Dale County Public Library.


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For nearly three decades, the personal computer market has been all about more: more speed, more RAM, more pixels, more features. And sure enough, when Apple introduced OS X Mavericks at this year's Worldwide Developers Conference, the company highlighted plenty of the operating system's new capabilities, such as better support for multiple displays and iCloud Keychain.
The keystone of Apple's tenth release of OS X, however, is firmly positioned in the less category—specifically, a dramatic reduction in power consumption, achieved through all sorts of cool software tricks, such as exerting more control over the way apps run to increase the time CPUs spend idle, throttling down apps that are not being actively used, and even compressing memory to reduce swap disk access. According to the company, these changes could boost the average MacBook's battery life by a factor of 50 percent; coupled with the recent introduction of Intel's new low-power Haswell chipset, such improvements could easily mean going an entire day—or more—without having to plug in.
Despite representing a radical departure from the way computers and operating systems are marketed, this newfound fondness for saving electricity makes a lot of strategic sense for Apple.
Laptops on top
Putting so much emphasis on battery life may seem like an odd choice, considering that OS X runs both on portable computers and on machines that usually call a desk home, but it's an obvious one if you consider that Apple laptops have outsold their desktop counterparts for some time. After all, as early as 2010, nearly three-quarters of all Macs the company sold were MacBooks.
In fact, Apple has been playing favorites for a while: MacBook Pros have so far been the only recipient of a Retina screen, while the MacBook Air was the first to be equipped with Intel's Haswell chipset.
There are probably some technical reasons behind these choices; for example, a 27-inch iMac with a Retina screen would approach 4K resolution, requiring very powerful (and very expensive) hardware. But I am sure that the fact that customers are buying three MacBooks for every iMac/Mac mini/Mac Pro that Apple sells plays a significant role in these choices too.
A comfortable niche
In this context, reducing power consumption is the next logical step in Apple's quest for the perfect portable computer.
A MacBook Air that can offer 10 hours of battery life—a number that is only going to go up once Mavericks ships—is no longer just a high-end laptop, but rather a machine that combines the power of a full-fledged PC with the convenience of an iPad, in a package that's less than double the weight of a tablet.
Thus, Apple can now present its hardware on a perfect continuum, where customers can choose a product that neatly fits their needs without having to make what they would likely believe to be unreasonable compromises—or, worse, deciding to look at the competition for an alternative. The jump from iMac to MacBook Pro to MacBook Air to iPad is becoming more about selecting a device that fits your lifestyle and less about keeping tabs on technical details such as CPU speed, megabytes of RAM, and hours of battery power.
It's the environment, stupid!
That's not to say that desktops won't benefit from Apple's renewed push for power efficiency. I honestly cannot remember the last time I powered down one of my Macs, at least on purpose: Like, I suspect, most users, I don't regularly pull the plugs on my computers, preferring instead to leave them idling all day long, ready to do my bidding at a moment's notice.
Given the millions of Macs in existence, any improvement to their ability to conserve power is likely to have a positive effect on the environment. And you don't have to be a tree hugger to consider that a good thing: Various reports [PDF] have shown time and again that parasitic standby power accounts for a sizable percentage of overall electricity use, wasting billions of dollars of our money and imposing additional load on our already strained infrastructure.
Even better, the new power-saving features that Apple is introducing won't come at a significant premium to consumers; many, in fact, will take effect just by virtue of the user's upgrading to Mavericks, without the need for new hardware. Everyone wins: Customers will save on their electricity bills, the reduced emissions will lower the devices' impact on the environment, and our poor power grid will suffer a little less load.
A ripple effect
Ultimately, Apple is making power consumption a feature that distinguishes its products from the competition and that allows it to both capture a higher share of the market and charge customers a premium for the privilege of owning a Mac.
Using history as a guide, we can bet that other manufacturers will soon follow suit, forcing the sort of race that, for the past 30 years, has been focused on CPU speeds. If the end results of this competition are the same, in a decade our computers may be able to go days or even weeks without needing a charge, opening a whole new world of opportunities for everything from saving money to helping the environment—and that seems like a worthy goal indeed.


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CONTINENTAL NAT. BANK OF MEMPHIS, TENN., v. BUFORD(1903)
[191 U.S. 119, 120] Mr. Rhea P. Cary for plaintiff in error.
Mr. W. J. Orr for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Harlan delivered the opinion of the court:
Has this court authority to review the judgment of the circuit court of appeals in this case?
This question arises upon the face of the record, and cannot be ignored; for, the rule is well established that, 'on every writ of error or appeal, the first and fundamental question is that of jurisdiction, first of this court, and then of the court from which the record comes.' Mansfield, C. & L. M. R. Co. v. Swan, 111 U.S. 379, 382 , 28 S. L. ed. 462, 464, 4 Sup. Ct. Rep. 510; King Bridge Co. v. Otoe County, 120 U.S. 225 , 30 L. ed. 623, 7 Sup. Ct. Rep. 552; Gerling v. Baltimore & O. R. Co. 151 U.S. 673, 690 , 38 S. L. ed. 311, 317, 14 Sup. Ct. Rep. 533; Powers v. Chesapeake & O. R. Co. 169 U.S. 92, 98 , 42 S. L. ed. 673, 675, 18 Sup. Ct. Rep. 264; Great Southern Fire-Proof Hotel Co. v. Jones, 177 U.S. 449, 453 , 44 S. L. ed. 842, 844, 20 Sup. Ct. Rep. 690.
The plaintiff in error, plaintiff below,-the Continental National Bank, organized under the acts of Congress, and located for purposes of business at Memphis, Tennessee,-alleged in its complaint that the Bank of Mammoth Springs, an Arkansas corporation, was indebted to it in a named sum, and it sought by this action to hold the defendant liable for the amount of such debt.
The action was based upon certain sections of the statutes of Arkansas (Sandels' & Hill's Digest), as follows:
The complaint alleged that during the entire period of his term of office as president of the Bank of Mammoth Springs, that is, from June 9th, 1891, to June 9th, 1896, the defendant Buford 'wholly neglected to comply with the provisions and perform the duties required of him by said 1337 and 1346, by making, swearing to, and causing to be filed, the statement or certificate required thereby.'
The defendant demurred to the complaint on various grounds; one being that the plaintiff's action appeared to be barred by the statute of limitations of Arkansas. The circuit court sustained the demurrer, it being of opinion that the complaint did [191 U.S. 119, 122] not show any cause of action; also, that a suit for the debt in question was barred by the statute of limitations of Arkansas. The plaintiff declining to amend, the suit was dismissed. That judgment was affirmed by the circuit court of appeals, 53 C. C. A. 14, 114 Fed. 290, and from that judgment the present writ of error was prosecuted.
By the very terms of the judiciary act of March 3d, 1891, 26 Stat. at L. 826, chap. 517 (U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, pp. 488, 547), the judgment of a circuit court of appeals of the United States is final where the jurisdiction of the circuit court depended entirely upon the diverse citizenship of the parties. No ground whatever of jurisdiction in the circuit court appears in the complaint or elsewhere in the record, other than diversity in the citizenship of the parties, unless it can be said that by reason alone of the plaintiff bank having been organized under an act of Congress the suit is one arlsing under the laws of the United States. This, however, could not be said of the present suit, if regard be had to the acts of Congress defining and regulating the jurisdiction of the courts of the United States.
The judiciary act of March 3d, 1875, for the first time invested the circuit courts of the United States, without reference to the citizenship of the parties, with original jurisdiction of all suits of a civil nature at common law or in equity, where the matter in dispute exceeded a prescribed sum, and the suit was one 'arising under the Constitution or laws of the United States.' [18 Stat. at L. 470, chap. 137 (U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 508).] Referring to that statute, this court, in Petri v. Commercial Nat. Bank, 142 U.S. 644, 648 , 35 S. L. ed. 1144, 1145, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep. 325, 326, said: 'Suits by or against national banks might therefore be brought or removed upon the ground of diverse citizenship, or of subjectmatter, since, as they were created by Congress, and could acquire no right, make no contract, and bring no suit, which was not authorized by a law of the United States, a suit by or against them was necessarily a suit arising under the laws of the United States. Osborn v. Bank of United States, 9 Wheat. 738, 6 L. ed. 204; Leather Mfrs. Nat. Bank v. Cooper, 120 U.S. 778 , 30 L. ed. 816, 7 Sup. Ct. Rep. 777; Pacific Railroad Removal Cases, 115 U.S. 1 , 29 L. ed. 319, 5 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1113. And, of course, national banks as [191 U.S. 119, 123] well as state banks and individuals, might bring or remove suits otherwise arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States.'
But, in respect of national bank associations, a radical change was introduced by subsequent acts of Congress.
By the act of July 12th, 1882, chap. 290, it was provided: 'That the jurisdiction for suits hereafter brought by or against any association established under any law providing for national banking associations, except suits between them and the United States, or its officers and agents, shall be the same as, and not other than, the jurisdiction for suits by or against banks not organized under any law of the United States which do or might do banking business, where such national banking associations may be doing business when such suits may be begun: And all laws and parts of laws of the United States inconsistent with this proviso be, and the same are hereby, repealed.' 22 Stat. at L. 162 (U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 3457). Then came the judiciary act of March 3d, 1887, corrected by the act of August 13th, 1888, chap. 866, and providing: 'That all national banking associations established under the laws of the United States shall, for the purposes of all actions by or against them, real, personal, or mixed, and all suits in equity, be deemed citizens of the states in which they are respectively located; and in such cases the circuit and district courts shall not have jurisdiction other than such as they would have in cases between individual citizens of the same state. The provisions of this section shall not be held to affect the jurisdiction of the courts of the United States in cases commenced by the United States or by direction of any officer thereof, or cases for winding up the affairs of any such bank.' 25 Stat. at L. 433 (U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 514).
The necessary effect of this legislation was to make national banks, for purposes of suing and being sued in the circuit courts of the United States, citizens of the states in which they were respectively located, and to withdraw from them the right to invoke the jurisdiction of the circuit courts of the United States simply upon the ground that they were created [191 U.S. 119, 124] by, and exercised their powers under, acts of Congress. No other purpose can be imputed to Congress than to effect that result. Of course, notwithstanding the acts of 1882 and 1888, there remained to a national bank, independently of its Federal origin, and as a citizen of the state in which it was located, the right to invoke the original jurisdiction of the circuit courts in any suit involving the required amount, and which, by reason of its subject-matter, and not by reason simply of the Federal origin of the bank, was a suit arising under the Constitution or laws of the United states. Petri v. Commercial Nat. Bank, 142 U.S. 644, 648 , 35 S. L. ed. 1144, 1145, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep. 325. Treating the plaintiff as a citizen of Tennessee, its right to sue the defendant in the Federal court, sitting in Arkansas, was beyond dispute. But, as already suggested, it did not assert any right, privilege, or immunity that was dependent in any degree upon the Constitution or laws of the United States. As jurisdiction could not arise merely from the Federal origin of the plaintiff bank, and as no Federal question was involved in the suit, it must be taken that the only ground of jurisdiction in the circuit court was the diverse citizenship of the parties. If, apart from the fact that the plaintiff bank was a Federal corporation, the suit had been one arising under the Constitution or laws of the United States, it could not have been said that the jurisdiction of the circuit court depended entirely upon diverse citizenship of the parties. But as no Federal questions, upon which the suit depended, are presented by the record, the judgment of the circuit court of appeals in this case was final and, therefore, not subject to review by this court.
What we have said is, we think, required by the decision in Ex parte Jones, 164 U.S. 691 , 41 L. ed. 601, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 222. It appeared in that case that a judgment for money was recovered in the circuit court of the United States for the district of Massachusetts. Its amount was paid and subsequently deposited in a national bank. The bank having refused to pay over the money, suit was brought against it. The suit was dismissed by the circuit court and the judgment of dismissal was affirmed by the circuit court of [191 U.S. 119, 125] appeals. The latter court having refused to allow an appeal upon the ground that an appeal was not given by the statute, proceedings by mandamus were instituted to compel it to do so. After referring to the clause in the judiciary act of 1888, declaring that national banking associations should be deemed citizens of the states in which they were respectively located, and that the circuit and district courts should not have jurisdiction, other than such as they would have in cases between individual citizens of the same states, the court said: 'In Leather Mfrs.' Nat. Bank v. Cooper, 120 U.S. 778 , 30 L. ed. 816, 7 Sup. Ct. Rep. 777, it was held by this court that, under the act of 1882, which was similar in its terms [to that of 1888], an action against a national bank could not be removed to the Federal court, 'unless a similar suit could be entertained by the same court by or against a state bank in like situation with the national bank. Consequently, so long as the act of 1882 was in force, nothing in the way of jurisdiction could be claimed by a national bank because of the source of its incorporation. A national bank was, by that statute, placed before the law in this respect the same as a bank not organized under the laws of the United States.' . . . In this case the original bill averred the complainant to be a citizen of Pennsylvania, and the defendant to be a national bank, duly established under the laws of the United States, having its place of business at Boston, and a citizen of the state of Massachusetts. As the bill was filed after the act of 1888 took effect, it must be deemed to be a suit dependent upon citizenship alone. . . . The petition for mandamus must be denied.' Of course, that suit would not have been so regarded, and the petition would have been granted, if the Federal origin of the bank had been itself ground of jurisdiction, independently of the diverse citizenship of the parties.
For the reasons stated, the writ of error must be dismissed for want of jurisdiction in this court to review the final order of the Circuit Court of Appeals.


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Dear Fuel School,
I'm a competitive runner who'd like to shed a few pounds in order to get down to my ideal race weight. A few of my friends (who are not runners) suggested doing a "detox diet." I'm not too familiar with this type of diet, so I was wondering if it would be a good choice for me and my training goals.
Are Detox Diets a Good Choice for Runners?
As a competitive runner struggling to meet race weight, can I safely try an elimination diet?
Dear Fuel School,
Great question! As a sports RD I occasionally field questions about the effectiveness and safety of detox diets. I believe in the old adage "if it seems too good to be true, it probably is," so I'm usually skeptical of a diet or pattern of eating that promises excessively accelerated weight loss. Then again, I recently met an athlete, Jim, who opened my eyes to potential benefits of detox diets. He was stuck in a rut, always trying to eat better but ready to give up by the end of the week. He was an on-again, off-again, weight-loss wagon rider. So he made a clean break, undergoing a short, two-day detox, and found that it helped him "get back on track." I began to wonder, "If millions of people around the globe have been following these types of diets for decades, can they really be all that bad?"
A Brief History of Detox
Detox-type diets go back hundreds of years; many were based in religion or self-purifying and commonly involved fasting. The popularity of these diets, like any "fad" diet, is cyclical, coming back into popularity every now and again. Ancient Ayurvedic medicine frequently recommended diets that cleansed the body of impurities by eliminating various food groups and focusing on a plant-based diet. Today, detox diets run the gamut from a complete lifestyle overhaul, long-term and strict, to one simple day of avoiding solids and drinking lemon-flavored water. Everyone seems to have an opinion about the benefits or drawbacks of such a diet, but here's a fairly objective look at the ins and outs of detox.
The premise behind detox diets is that by eliminating certain food groups (different detoxes eliminate different foods), you also eliminate toxins commonly found in those foods, while allowing your digestive system a break from foods such as meat, cheese, and processed items that are (according to the diet) hard to digest and absorb. In theory, as a result of avoiding these food items, the body uses less energy for digestion and fighting off toxins; therefore it has more energy to direct towards healing. Different diets vary in "rules," but most tend to require that you change your eating patterns in order to rid your body of the buildup of toxins. If you do so, you'll supposedly experience a host of benefits ranging from a boost in energy, clearer skin, stronger digestive health, weight loss, prevention of chronic disease, and overall better health. Not all detox diets are solely focused on weight loss but by following a restrictive pattern of eating, it's to be expected that weight loss happens.
More energy, better health, and weight loss?! This sounds wonderful—right? But before you jump in with both feet, it's important to note that detox diets vary in length and strictness. They can last anywhere from a few days to about a month or longer—and most begin with a cleansing phase. Depending on the diet you choose, this phase may require a complete fast, allowing only water or perhaps a concoction of spices such as cayenne and lemon, fruit and vegetable purees, or laxative teas with a few spices or flavorings. During this restrictive phase, it's going to be very difficult if not impossible to train, let alone improve your performance. Eventually the diet, like many other fad diets, expands to allow other food groups but continues to avoid processed food items, stimulants (such as caffeine), and most all animal products. Most of these diets involve fasting (which can be efffective for weight loss but may wreak havoc on your workouts), avoidance of many food groups (which may be okay short-term, but skipping many food groups long-term will certainly lead to nutrient deficiencies), or habitual drinking of cleansing (i.e. laxative-based) beverages, which, in the long term, can lead to a host of health problems and nutrient deficiencies as vitamins and minerals are excreted.
Still other detoxes allow for plant-based solids (i.e. a vegan-type diet), which can provide essential vitamins and minerals and even some carbohydrates, protein, and fat. This type of diet is more of a lifestyle change (i.e. going from a good-old-American, saturated-fat-rich, full-of-processed-foods diet to a heart-healthy, vegetable-based, lower-calorie diet), and doesn't necessarily result in immediate weight loss. But if you follow such a diet, you're likely to benefit from the fact that you're forced to make a clean break from your old eating habits, as chocolate chip cookies and BLTs no longer fit in. And while many in the health care industry might recommend making gradual changes over time, there are plenty who simply need to quit the old ways cold turkey; for those individuals, short-term detox diets can work.
But there are a few warning signs to watch for if you choose to try out a detox. First of all, you should note that they can be quite costly. Be wary of detox diets that promise accelerated weight loss on the basis of a special liquid concoction. These nutrient-poor, calorie-void, and laxative-rich diets, can lead to serious side effects, as well as malnutrition and malaise. Watch out for diets that eliminate most all food groups for extended periods of time. With the elimination of food groups comes the elimination of essential nutrients. While you don't exactly need alcohol, caffeine, or meat to survive, you do need essential vitamins, minerals, fats, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and complete proteins to promote overall health.
Runner, you may be like Jim, who felt out of control with his eating but was successful when tried a short-lived, all-or-nothing diet that didn't allow concessions and forced him to change his ways. But please note that detox diets really aren't for everyone. They should only be considered by individuals in overall good health who've consulted with their health care provider. There are some folks—runners or not—who really should steer clear. This includes individuals with a compromised immune system, growing children and adolescents, pregnant and nursing women, and elderly individuals. Those with chronic conditions who suffer the medical consequences of an elevated BMI, such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, should check with their doctors before starting any such diet.
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- More
FAQ on Using Cohort Go with IDP
What types of services can be paid using Cohort Go?
Cohort Go is licensed to pay any international education institution and service provider including:
- Education institutions
- Insurance providers
- Accommodation providers
- Other international education service providers (such as homestay, guardianship)
- To the student's own bank account for living expenses (except for Vietnam and China as restricted by the country's government).
We have facilitated international payments to over 3,000 educators and service providers globally.
We hold an Australian Financial Services Licence (455592) and are registered with the Australian Transaction Reporting and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC), Australia's financial intelligence and regulatory agency.
How does Cohort Go transfer funds around the world?
We maintain local bank accounts or collection facilities in most source countries. Through this global network of banking partners, we're able to efficiently move funds around the world.
Once we receive your funds from your home country, we then transfer the local currency to each recipient, such as your university or accommodation provider, or in the case of living expense (where applicable), directly into your offshore bank account.
How long does it take for my payment to be delivered?
Once we have received your local transfer, we will deliver your funds within 1-2 business days.
Once delivered, your education or service provider can expect to see the funds within 1-3 business days, depending on their accounting processes.
Throughout the transfer process, you will receive real-time tracking notifications via email, one with your payment instructions after you have created your payment, one when we have received your payment, and the final one when we have delivered your funds.
You can also check the status of your transfer anytime via your tracking link or at idp.cohortgo.app/en/verification
Can I transfer funds for living expense purposes?
To be able to make a payment for living expenses, students must have made a tuition fee payment with Cohort Go within the last 9 months. Funds must be sent to the student's own bank account in Australia.
Payments for living expenses are not available from all home countries due to local government restrictions. These countries include Vietnam and China.
Does Cohort Go charge any fees?
No, we do not charge any fees for our payment service, ever! By enabling students to pay in local currencies we are able to eliminate bank fees that are often incurred in sending global money transfers. We pride ourselves on being able to offer competitive foreign exchange rates to all students, helping to reduce your study costs.
Please note that when making a money transfer, your local bank may charge a transaction fee for this service.
How can I make a payment using Cohort Go?
Here are the simple steps to initiate a payment using Cohort Go:
Step 1. Enter your payment details in IDPs payments portal or speak to one of IDP counsellors
Step 2. We'll provide instructions to make a deposit via your chosen payment method.
Step 3. Once we have your funds, we will deliver the local payments to your providers.
Step 4. Watch as we transfer your funds every step of the way with real-time tracking notifications.
How can I make a payment in my local currency?
Domestic payment options vary across different countries.
In most cases, your payment in local currency needs to be sent to Cohort Go by bank transfer with your local bank after you create your transaction. Once a payment is created, you will receive a confirmation email with payment instructions detailing the steps required to complete your local payment.
The instructions will include:
Step 1. The date required to complete the transaction. If not paid by this date, your transaction will expire and you will need to create a new payment.
Step 2. Direction to upload a copy of your payment proof to verify your transfer.
Step 3. Cohort Go's local partner bank account details for the transfer.
For local currency transfers from China and Canada, immediate online payment services are available.
What documents do I need to provide to book my transaction with Cohort Go?
No need for time-consuming paperwork! Simply upload your Offer Letter or the invoice from your institution or service provider during the payment process. For your first payment, we also verify your identity. For this, you just need to provide a copy of your passport for your initial transfer. If someone else is paying on your behalf, you will also need to provide their passport for verification.
Some countries also have a few additional compliance requirements.
In India, for your initial transfer, you are required to submit a copy of the payer's PAN card. For each transaction, you are also required to complete an A2 form. Once you have created your payment, you will receive a pre-filled copy of your A2 form to sign and return.
In Vietnam, where the payer is not the student, you are required to submit a copy of your family book or birth certificate with each transaction.
Can someone else make a payment on my behalf?
Yes, you can nominate a different payer than yourself when creating your transfer.
Some countries have restrictions on who can make a payment on your behalf.
In Vietnam, The State Bank of Vietnam requires the payer to be a direct family member. You will need to provide evidence that shows the relationship between you and the payer, such as your family book or birth certificate.
In India, The Reserve Bank of India requires the payer to be a parent. You will need to provide a copy of your parent's PAN card.
Pay your study fees the smarter way.
Cohort Go is a unique global payments platform offering a fairer, smarter and easier way to pay your international education fees.
Securely pay tuition fees, living expenses and other education expenses in your local currency with competitive foreign exchange rates and no fees.
Get your study experience off to a flying start with:
- Instant quotes in your local currency.
- Competitive foreign exchange rates, saving you money.
- No transfer fees from us, ever.
- Real-time payment tracking every step of the way.
- Outstanding support team to help get you ready to GO.


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