text:
When you think about civil violence in countries worldwide, consider that one factor may be changes in climate.
A new study in the journal Nature finds that the climate event El Niño Southern Oscillation played a role in 21% of civil conflicts from 1950 to 2004. This is seen most prominently in the poorer countries of the tropics, such as Sudan and Rwanda. Wealthier nations affected by El Niño, such as Australia, do not appear to have civil conflict related to climate change.
The study authors are not saying that El Niño Southern Oscillation causes civil conflict, but it seems to be a contributing factor in many cases, especially in the tropics. They find the probability of a new civil conflict breaking out in the tropics doubles during El Niño years, which are associated with warming ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific, relative to La Niña years, which are associated with cooling of those temperatures. El Niño occurs about every four to five years, and lasts about one year.
This is analogous to the way that you might find an increase in car accidents on icy roads; the ice itself doesn't cause wrecks, but it's part of a situation that feeds into them, said study co-author Solomon Hsiang, postdoctoral research associate at Princeton University.
"Even in modern society, the global climate is a major factor in determining the global pattern of violence," Hsiang said. "Not only is the effect something that we can observe, it's a very large and important effect that would explain a lot of the conflict."
What is El Niño, and why might it lead to violence?
El Niño refers to a large movement of water in the Pacific Ocean, Hsiang explains. During a normal year, there's a certain pattern in which the wind blows a lot of the water on the surface of the tropical ocean to the west.
But sometimes that pattern changes, and the warm water sloshes toward the eastern Pacific, releasing a lot of energy into the atmosphere and heating it. That causes a wave in the atmosphere that's trapped in the tropics around the equator, resulting in warming and drying that's associated with El Niño. During La Niña, the trend is the opposite, with cooler temperatures in the equatorial Pacific.
El Niño can have several effects that might influence civil unrest. For instance, warming patterns can lead to water shortage and large crop losses that negatively impact a country's economy enormously, particularly one in which populations are dependent on subsistence agriculture. This can affect the labor market, making fewer jobs available. Changes in climate can also promote the spread of disease and contribute to famine. In these desperate situations, fighting for resources may seem a viable or necessary option.
Previous research suggests warmer weather may have psychological effects, too. Studies suggest that hot temperatures make people more aggressive, provoking hostile feelings and thoughts. This idea feeds into indications that violent crime is more likely when it's warm outside, too.
More research needs to be done into the actual mechanisms of the role that El Niño plays in violent conflict, but the premise is solid, said Thomas Homer-Dixon, political scientist at the Balsillie School of International Affairs in Waterloo, Canada.
"I've looked at the methods pretty closely; this is as close to an air-tight argument as it gets," says Homer-Dixon, who was not involved with the Nature study, but has also done research on these issues. "Now there's a lot more than needs to be done. This is only the beginning."
So what about global warming?
The new study does not prove that warming from human-induced climate change will cause violence, and study authors caution that El Niño patterns are distinct from global warming.
But the implication is certainly there that if this influence of climate change on violence can be observed from El Niño, human-induced global warming patterns may potentially also contribute to violence. In fact, we may seeing that in the case of the Arab Spring, Homer-Dixon said. The Middle East does not experience climate variations related to El Niño, but a recent unexpected warming (which he suggests could be related to human-induced climate change) in a different world region may have contributed to unrest.
The situation can be viewed this way, Homer-Dixon said: Unusual high temperatures Russia in the summer of 2010 (potentially from global warming) caused droughts and hampered food production, which drove up food prices. The resulting economic turmoil is one factor driving the recent instability in the Middle East.
"The kind of climate phenomenon these authors have been looking at in the past is not dissimilar to the kind of climate shock that appears to have contributed to the Middle East uprising," he said.
What can be done
Armed with the knowledge that El Niño is associated with greater violent conflict in the tropics, people in affected areas may be able to take certain preventative measures before outbreaks occur, Hsiang said.
Humanitarian groups could increase their fundraising efforts in preparation for an El Niño event, and prepare resources more effectively to reach people before a crisis occurs. Spreading the word across a population can also help. For instance, a farmer who knows there's a greater chance of drought might save up more water to keep crops from dying.
According to the latest data from the National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center, our planet's northern hemisphere is currently in an "ENSO-neutral" state, which will remain through fall 2011 and probably heading toward La Niña next. So, we will not have an El Niño event this year.
In the meantime, nations can take steps to mitigate the threat of human-induced climate change, Homer-Dixon said. It's true that violence tied to warmer climate shifts seems to impact chiefly poor societies that depend on the food they grow themselves, but there are spillover effects to civil violence that threaten national and global security. There may even be violent outbreaks in the United States as dire droughts set in.
"To think that we can wall ourselves off from this stuff is real folly," Homer-Dixon said.
they have got to get the first help Cause its so personal water to them they need interpertation not orders or trouble ABOUT them bein a little slowsville cause in dallas outside work doesnt let you know ahead of time that you R going to PASS-OUT on your feet more than once &no one is ever ever readt to drop everything to bop again!
Not the pale arabs trying to kill off the indeginous nubians of this land, but climate change? stop with the false propaganda and tell the truth for once!!!
climate change will bring wars for water
That and the over population of the planet... how many more days until we hit 7 Billion? how many years until we hit 10?
Even if (big IF), there are other concurrent natural causes of the greenhouse effect, it is well understood that man made greenhouse gasses add to the problem. Even if (bigger IF) natural causes were the sole causal factor, we should try to do something about it. Can't control climate? Why not. We've been seeding clouds for decades (with limited success). One of the things to try is to reduce manmade emissions, no matter how minor the contribution.
The humor is lost when you realize that somebody is actually paying these clowns a lot of money for these so called study's and that somebody, more often than not, is you and me.
Clowns are creepy. People who call scientists clowns are creepier.
This is silly science and people who believe it are fools
NOOoooooo, not PSALMS 14!!!!! (Thump)
Oh Lord, here we go again!
If they can't figure out a way to blame something on George Bush or the Tea Party they fall back on soccer mom's driving SUV's! This article should be filed under "Humor" not Science.
Yeah because causes and effects don't relate to one another, right?
There is the "all of the above" option.
and further more i just read the paragraph you referenced and it says the probabilty is said to be double during el nino years, where as apparently the 21% is the actual percentage, which means that they are just throwing darts on the probablility. this article has no solid evidence to back up the claims and if it does then it is not clearly stated. i mean i can say that the probablity of me taking a dump this afternoon is 90% cuz i havent gone yet today, but in reality the percent of my dumps that occur in the afternoon is around 20%. statistics and probability can be twisted around to make people believe what they want them to.
that last comment was @jytlm
No - you just don't understand. Listen:
"A new study in the journal Nature finds that the climate event El Niño Southern Oscillation played a role in 21% of civil conflicts from 1950 to 2004." <- this is the percentage of total events in all years.
"They find the probability of a new civil conflict breaking out in the tropics doubles during El Niño years, which are associated with warming ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific, relative to La Niña years, which are associated with cooling of those temperatures. El Niño occurs about every four to five years, and lasts about one year." <- this is the probability during ONLY El Nino Years.
Thanks jim for explaining it. It's true the article could be clearer about what it's actually trying to say. There is a problem with journalism distorting science, due to both difficulty of lay people to understand science papers, and the difficulty or presenting scientific findings to the public. What CNN really should do is to start linking to the actual journal articles so people can actually figure things out for themselves and read it in the scientists' actual words.
omg no! If it says El Nino played a role in 21% of conflicts it means just that, El Nino played a role in 21% of conflicts. Nowhere does it say that 21% happened in an El Nino year. Such ignorance.
This is all common knowledge to most the World. The only group in denial is ther right wing of the US.
so let me get this straight CNN.. el Nino happens once every 5 years and 21% or roughly (1/5) of civil conflicts happened during el nino.. i mean im no statistics professor or anything but that has to mean that the other four years must be 20% as well, because otherwise if they were less than 20% either one year not related to el nino is higher or it doesnt add up to 100% at all. so what your saying is that it in fact has no effect at all. i LOLed when i read this garbage..
Your argument assumes that El Nino has a role in EVERY conflict during which it is active. That clearly isn't the case and that leads to the second point that conflicts in the tropics are twice as likely to occur during el nino.
so....21% of conflicts break out in El Nino years and El Nino occurs for about a year every 4-5 years (20-25% of the time)...seems like for there to be this claimed correlation the number would have to be greater than 25%. anyone else see this?
ha, i just read your comment after i finished posting mine, looks like we both noticed it at the same time 🙂
If either of you had read further, it mentions that the amount of conflicts in the tropics doubles during El Nino years, as opposed to non-El Nino years. So it goes further than the conclusion you two are inferring.
that may be but with the blatant tossing around of statistics there without any justification could easily confuse those of us who see a statistic and can instantly see, wait a minute that aint right!!
Great minds think alike. Apparantly that adage is also true of minds that are no so great.
Some of you are more interested in the politics of this. Ask police in the cities, when it gets very hot, crime goes up. Everyone gets crankier. Common sense!
The world climate is changing; whether man made or natural I don't know. If you are over 50, you can remember different weather patterns. Also we have been having more earthquakes in the last 10 yrs it seems and the Pacific Ring of Fire volcanoes are very active.
and i thought global warming was the cause of this not the eath and sun
Climates have always changed. That's why there are weathermen and ladies.
I'm guessing human greed has far more to do with civil wars.
Oh – climate change. So it's not us selling them weapons and preventing them from developing because of our own interests. Good to know. Great reporting CNN. Keep it up. This is journalism at it's best.
"Hey Giuseppe! Did you here about this left-wing nut Columbus? He says the world is spherical!"
"I know, Angelo. I wonder how many tax ducats he wasted doing that study! I think someone is going to be sailing off the edge of the world!"
I cannot believe CNN even distributes such nonsense.
Yes, global warming hype will cause war. The more "the sky is falling" crowd pushes the globalist climate agenda, there will be blowback.
Yes, global warming will cause war. Water evaporates faster at higher temperatures and warm air holds more moisture than cold air. If you do not water plants, they die. If there are fewer plants, there will be less cattle and that leaves a lot of hungry and angry people.
Trying to use logic to argue with a zealot? I appreciate the sentiment, but I fear that you are a voice in the wilderness.
Well, actually, the sky IS falling. Or nearly 100% of the scientific community are failing. BTW, let me guess, evolution is another myth, right?
I farted. Darn you climate change!
Is there anything NOT linked to global warming? Smoking tobacco is, but not marijuana.. thats fine. Science is pushing an agenda thats why people won't listen anymore.
You think science has an agenda? God you're an idiot
Ghost's problem is not in the listening, but in the understanding. Good enough ears, not good enough neural complexes.
Sorry, but it doesn't work that way. In science, you don't get to say "I don't like this conclusion- therefore your research is wrong!"
Have your doubts? Prove it. Find the errors.
If you've never read a single scientific paper in your life, I'm not sure why you feel qualified to pass judgement.
You've spent 30 seconds or so thinking about someone's life work, so by all means, set them straight, oh wise one!
I can find scientist who are willing to find and prove whatever I pay them to. Global warming causes... lung cancer causes, they are all politically motivated due to the research that can be found going 3 different directions. Thats when you cant believe it. I can find just as much scientific evidence to prove Global warming is not man made as I can that it is... Agenda, therefore I don't believe either. Lung Cancer especially in people who never smoked a day in their life? Radon is just as much a cause but the agenda pushed by science is to outlaw tobacco because those big businesses back a political party. Its an agenda therefore I believe NONE of it. I can believe in the simple science like Osmosis or why leaves are green, and what makes corn grow better... but global warming and cancer? Agenda.
@ Ghost..Seriously? Send me a link to four peer reviewed articles that say that climate change is a hoax, and I will start believing in ghosts! Get real, take a look around you and pay attention to weather trends, rising temperatures, and severe droughts. Pick up a book that offers REAL scientific data from respected sources and pack up your conspiracy rantings in exchange for helpful information. Also, yes..Radon is a big contributor to lung cancer..but, you don't go to the store to buy it.
Good point. Perhaps you should stick with the "simple" scientific concepts and leave the others to others.
So, all we have to do is tax people more for energy use and send the money to Al Gore so he can stamp out global warming. Then we will see the end to civil wars, greed and crime I bet around the world. All righty then. Let me know how that works out for you.
I'm pretty sure global warming caused my hemaroids.
No, but it may have caused your kidney stones...
Reading most of these comments, it seems like most people just read the headline and didn't even read the article. The study is not about global warming.
It's about how the climate, (better word might be 'weather') effects people. Well duh.
Yeah, and most crime happens at nite in the warmer months of the year. This is a bogus study, this doesn't prove anything.
Thank you for your expert analysis.
May I ask which portion of the methods you found an error in?
Oh, you haven't read the study?
Hopefully, this so-called study was not funded by the government. If you have nothing better to do, go find a real daytime job.
Yeah, 2 or 3 months max.
"Climate Change" BOTH in the atmospheric & economical/leadersip sense attribute to the civil wars. For those of you which are BLINDED to the FACTS of Global Warming, try doing some actual research on your own rather than strictly taking someone's word as "Truth". Also, to non-thinking individuals, the civil wars are not going to stay strictly in other countries; soon we will see the same in our own as the rich keep getting richer whilst continual suppressing the middle & lower incomed peoples. Rude Awakenings are only just beginning here in the US. Monies taken from our educational systems have definitely dumbed down the majority of society. Yes, the GOP elitists have succeeded in their goals. Unfortunately, we are now facing not only Islamic Terrorism on Our Soil but Civil Wars due to GreedOverPeople. Mark My Words!
OK Marilyn your words are marked. Now, next topic?
Who's Mark, anyway?
Hear, hear!! I agree with you, now if only people would listen.
Illegal immigration now is absolutely nothing compared to what it'll be after the first major crop failure south of the border. That could easily set off a shooting war along our border as places to the south descend into famine and anarchy.
The language in Sudan is primarily Sudanese Arabic, but the sign they are holding is in perfect English....strange.
the sign mentions a student union. maybe they learned english?
My own personal study finds a correlation between full moons and civil wars. It seems like in poorer countries every 100th or so full moon there is a civil war. (BTW in case people missed it, this was not meant to be a factual statement).
ok CNN, your articles are just getting ridiculous now. so how exactly does climate change influence civil wars? IT DOESN'T. your flawed study did nothing to prove anything.
guess you can't have Fareed writing an anti-American rant on why we should adopt a dictatorship everyday?
you guys are a joke.
Nick, you're the joke here. The article describes the results of the recent research, nothing more or less. It's not even focusing on global climate change. There is no politics to argue. Go pander to the right on Foxnews.com and stop wasting everyone's time with your worthless garbage that constantly flows out of your mouth/keyboard. And, more importantly, go find a job and contribute to something.
@nick – Hungry people will fight for food. Climate change will cause crop failures which cause famine. Get it?
Dude, you need to take a lesson from your Princess Palin and Man Up. Climate Change causes a change in rainfall paterns where some areas flood constantly and others, primarily food producing areas, suffer long droughts; food cost and availablity are adversely affected, people relocate to follow the food and current land occupants tend to get a little snippy about that. While we have (and some would say are) fighting over oil (a huge contributor to the Climate Change, by hte way) the next Big War will be over water. So, nick, try a little harder to eschew rhetorical obfuscations, go bone up on your science and turn Fox News off for the rest of the year ...
Your question: "so how exactly does climate change influence civil wars?"
The author's answer to this could have been found if you had simply read the article. It was nice of the other commenters to try to explain it to you again, though. Is it that hard to believe that people are more prone to conflict when it's hot and hard to find food?
"The study authors are not saying that El Niño Southern Oscillation causes civil conflict, but it seems to be a contributing factor in many cases,"
Huh? If something is a *contributing* factor then it is also a *causal* factor. This whole article is a bunch of whooey! Correlation is not causation and even the correlation factor of this study is so low as to be non existent. The sun rises every day so is the sun correlated to the civil wars as well?
The sun is the source of life's energy, so yes, the sun very indirectly causes/contributes to human conflicts. That said, I'm guessing the authors' distinction between "causal" and "contributing" factors has to do with the degree of separation. In the case of a civil war, the causal factor could be food shortages and overpopulation with el nino serving as a contributing factor by creating those food shortages.
I sneezed especially hard earlier this year and later that day the Japan tsunami occurred. I'm sure that was a contributing factor. Sorry about that.
Is this article for real? Is it 4/1 or something? WTF? Couldn't be those backwards morons in those countries fault could it?
Lighten Up, Pilgrim. People in that neck of the woods are poor, not stupid. Granted there have been misguided agriculteral policies over the years but the environment is the primary contributor to crop success. No water, little or no food, starving people (except for the militia cronies, of course) drought, disease and so on. For the record, all of mankind is responsible and at fault here because the CO2 levels are the highest they've been in over 400,000 years. While CO2 levels have varied over that time, the variance has always been between 180 and 280 parts per million (ppm) whereas, in just the past 60 years, the levels have exceeded 350 ppm and there's no sign of them slowing. CO2 is transparent to visible and ultraviolet light but opaque to the infrared. Sunglight warms the earth and oceans, converting the radiation to the infrared ... which now gets bounced back into the atmosphere. Any of you that can't understand that basic law of thermodynamics, go back to school ... and leave Fox News off for the rest of the year.
There is no climate change. It is a myth. Therefore, there are no civil wars. They are myths. Simple.
Your comment is stupid.
clearfog – I disagree! The climate is indeed changing! The climate is always in some state of change; either warming or cooling, getting wetter or drier, there is always some change. The myth is that these changes are caused by industrial pollution! When you realize that this warming trend started over two thousand years ago, it becomes quite clear that industrialization cannot be the cause!
I agree Amused! Somehow natural climate fluctuations have become a reason for some politicians to shut down more of our industry and jobs. Why, I still haven't got a clue.
Trends over the past 400,000 years have been mapped. Indeed, there have been CO2 and temperture variations over that time frame, but the CO2 levels varied between 180 ppm when the earth was cold and 280 ppm when the earth was warm. Just in the past 60 years, the CO2 levels have risen past 350 ppm (highest ever in over 400,000 years remember) and the temperture is just now beginning to catch up. Go try and find the Ross Ice Shelf. That was 12,000 year old ice and it's GONE. Go look at the Northwest Passage ... that seaway has NEVER been open before, but it is now. Sea levels have risen over 1.5 inches the past 15 years. Oh and one more thing: Carbon-12 comes from plants, Carbon-13 from volcanoes and Carbon-14 is a radioactive decay. Guess what form the vast majority of CO2 is? It is Carbon-12 so it is ALL a direct result of burning fossil fuels. I hate to tell you deniers this, but the science is there and people that understand the science are speaking up against the fear-mongering and close-minded nay-sayers. The Truth is the Light ... Now, shut off Fox News for the rest of the year and go study ... there will be a test ...
Civil wars are not myths. It is stupid not to recognize sarcasm. Why does the guy who thinks that climate change is not caused by industrialization recognize it and disagree with me, but you don't. Climate change is caused, in part, by industrialization. It is causation, not correlation. We understand the mechanism quite well. Among other things, CO2 reflects infrared. Simple.
clearfog – The greenhouse gas effect that you are referring to is indeed a scientific fact. The problem is that man-made greenhouse gases comprise such an extremely small amount of the global balance of CO2, Methane and other greenhouse gases. Natural sources of gases such as vocanic activity and methane gas constantly being released from frozen methane under ocean floors is MUCH, MUCH greater than the entire global output from human industrialization. Remember, over two thirds of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans waters constantly releasing natural gases. We also know that Solar energy is an important factor and catalyst for changing the rate of these processes. We currently have only a very short history of accurate solar data which makes that part of the puzzle very difficult to analyze. I am now and have always been an environmentalist. I still support and encourage all efforts to clean up our water and air resources for our own health and well being. Pretending that we can "fix" the global climate is both foolish and silly.
What is this I don't even
More bored, over-educated 'idiots' with nothing to do but dwell on their imagination. It's like, let's see who can come up with the most outrageous off-the-wall topic, then let's study the hell out of it as if it mattered. Why don't you ponder something worthwhile like curing disease, alternative fuels or Big Mac's with no fat or cholesterol.
By the way, El Nino is not the "global climate change" that Gore and company are trumpeting. Instead it is a natural cycle that occurs every several years for millenia... So warmer temperatures affect only poor people? Ludicrous.
From wikipedia, "The studies of historical data show that the recent El Niño variation is most likely linked to global warming. For example, one of the most recent results is that even after subtracting the positive influence of decadal variation, shown to be possibly present in the ENSO trend,[53] the amplitude of the ENSO variability in the observed data still increases, by as much as 60% in the last 50 years.[54]" The links are to journal articles published in well-respected journals. This would at the very least indirectly link climate change to civil conflicts.
'The new study does not prove that warming from human-induced climate change will cause violence, and study authors caution that El Niño patterns are distinct from global warming."
But don't let that keep you from writing an over hyped ridiculous extrapolation.
Sounds like you have an agenda to push rather than the realities of the situation.
Correlation is not the same as causation.
Interesting speculation, but faulty science. Climate change has been happening for over 10,000 years. The Sahara Desert used to be prolific forest and grassland, but started changing thousands of years ago. 2000+ years ago, the Irish sea was much warmer than now. Man-made climate change has never been supported by science, and is completely a religion that ignors science and history.
Unlike religion, climate change is supported by empirical data. There is overwhelming support for anthropomorphic causes as a driving factor in climate change, so much so that ~97% of those most qualified on the issue of climate change believe in significant anthropomorphic causes. But by all means, listen to oil companies and their republican cronies who are making record profits and have created the so called "global warming conspiracy".
So climate change is happening ergo its anthropomorphic? And because ~97% (where exactly did you pull out that number) believe it, it must be real? Gosh! those are really 'scientific' arguments. You know, nearly 100% of catholic church once believed that the sun revolved around the earth. Did that make their belief true?
And do try to answer the point about Sahara converting to a desert long before our industries started belching out CO2.
DC, on your second point, there are natural driving forces that contribute to climate change (solar cycles, ice age, etc.) and there are artificial driving forces (burning oil, etc.). The desertification of the Sahara was caused by natural forces. Current climate change cannot not be accounted for based solely on natural driving forces and there must be some artificial component. The 97% figure can from a Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences analysis of published works in climate-related journals, encompassing over a thousand scientists. These are some of the best minds working on this issue and their findings should have much more bearing than the Catholic Church's opinion on the sun.
Matt – DC is correct! Ice cores from Anarctica clearly show the current warming trend we are experiencing began well over two thousand years ago! This fact is also supported by stalagtite and stalagmite cross-sections taken from blue-hole caves in the Bahamas. These mineral deposit formations show the pattern of rise and fall of ocean levels during the last 450,00 years. These facts are further supported by the geologic records found in sedimentary rocks found in the Sahara dessert which clearly show a cyclical pattern of hot/dry periods alternating with cooler/wet periods in a regular pattern over the last half million years... These are FACTS supported by PHYSICAL GEOLOGIC EVIDENCE and are NOT SPECULATIONS!
To reiterate my previous post, there are natural and artificial factors that can influence climate change. I know that there are natural cycles but current climate change does not follow these cycles. There is a significant impact from human activities - this fact is not debated or questioned by scientists. The debate arises in the scope of and response to the climate change crisis. Check out the IPCC 2007 summary for policy makers on google written by the best and the brightest instead of listening to Fox News.
I've noticed that it's definitely been getting warmer since about February. This climate change stuff is really happening fast. Be warned. But I bet if we make a concerted effort to, say stop using our exhaust-spewing lawn mowers, things might begin to cool off some in another month or two. We can make a difference!
That is an ignorant argument. Look up "weather" in the dictionary and look up "climate".
Matty – are so 'intellectual' that you do not recognize sarcasm when you see it? Maybe you should quit admiring your diplomas and look that big word up.
Salop – Sarcasm doesn't translate well into text and I've heard many people make that argument and be serious. Sorry if I didn't get it. I tend to be serious about issues I think are important.
I guess the American Civil War was not about slavery and states rights afterall!
Who knew it was really "global warming"? Quick, we should rewrite all our text books to correctly reflect the real reasons!
Obviously the pesky German Army had no role in the Czar's overthrow either. The list goes on.
Your science is faulty as are the numbers. Trends over the past 400,000 years have been mapped and while there have been CO2 and temperture variations over that time frame, the CO2 levels varied between 180 ppm when the earth was cold and 280 ppm when the earth was warm. Just in the past 60 years, the CO2 levels have risen past 350 ppm and the temperture is just now beginning to catch up. Go try and find the Ross Ice Shelf. That was 12,000 year old ice and it's GONE. Go look at the Northwest Passage ... that seaway has NEVER been open before, but it is now. Sea levels have risen over 1.5 inches the past 15 years. Carbon-12 comes from plants, Carbon-13 from volcanoes and Carbon-14 is a radioactive decay product. The vast majority (> 95%) of CO2 is Carbon-12 so it is a direct result of burning fossil fuels. The science is there and people that understand that are speaking out against the fear-mongering and close-minded nay-sayers. Now, shut off Fox News for the rest of the year and go study ... there will be a test ...
Really? REALLY? So approximately 21% of civil wars occur in el nino years which occur approximately every 4-5 years? So your saying that there is an airtight argument that the el nino event which occurs between 20% and 25% of years is a factor in the civil wars which occur in those same years? Do the simple math people – in a given 5 year span there will likely be one el nino year (20% occurence) and 4 non el nino years (80% occurence). During the same time frame – 21% of the civil wars will occur in the el nino year and 79% will occur in the other years.
If anything this study proves that there is no correlation and that people are just as likely to go to war in a non el nino year as they are during one. Superficially it seems to make sense that when times are worst (famine, weather, drought, etc...) tempers would be more frayed and war more likely, but apparently those are just excuses used for behavior that occurs regardless of the conditions.
Because a conflict happens in an El Nino year doesn't mean the El Nino "played a role" in the conflict. I'd have to look at the actual study, which I don't have time to do, but you analysis seems to be a misinterpretation of the article.
Maybe a typo? Someone googled "deserts" erred and typed "desserts".
Heck yea, desserts have doubled in size.
Whew....one more thing that kept me up at night now has an answer.....
me too! how can CNN put out this type of stuff?
the comments are hilarious – especially when you realize that some of the folks out there are serious
there is a mentall wasteland out there
Just more ofthe lib BS on this over grown good for nothing issue...it is always hot in Africa so get a grip you morons. You have no idea as to why these happen...just stupid ideas so you can think of yourself as being important in your own pea sized brain of yours.
I think that the scientists in question have a bit more intelligence and knowledge than you do. Supported by your immediate referencing of politics to an article that has nothing to do with politics.
of course climate change fuels civil wars. Each side wants all of the resources for their "tribe". We'll see constant war for water and other resources as long as climates are changing rapidly.
What a bunch of horse shit this article is... climate change means nothing. All these events are due to fucked up governments, and greedy corperations that make it next to impossible for the lower class people to get anywhere in life
this article could have been written by an junior high student looking to light a liberal teacher
what a piece of crap – nothing of any substance
maybe UFO's are impacting civil wars too? why not blame them on Bush?
dig deep CNN and maybe you can find some reporters that will actually cover something of merit and not based on conjecture – come to think of it head to the nearest junior high and you will find them !!
and many many years from now, we will finally acknolwedge the connection between out thoughts and our world.
I hope we advance quickly to this for all this fear coming from the minds of a large percentage of people worldwide is drawing negative things (for those that think it I mean). The rest of us that trust our source will thrive.
lol, has nothing to do with climate change. The world has been coming out of an ice age for a million years, and regardless of what we do, its going to get warmer.
Did they reall get paid to conduct this study?
Yeah it doesn't take a rocket scientist to know that a changing climate means droughts ect ect.
And the cause for 9/11 was that either fewer or more couples had sex on the night of 9/10 than on an average night! It always amazes me how people can come up with this type of story and sell it as if they can prove any part of what they are saying!
Why aren't you out oppressing women? Aren't you a true believer?
Allah couldn't run a Falafel stand.
I KNEW hotter temperatures caused people to kill each other. That's why things are so bad in the middle east. You never see Inuits waging war.
Are you kidding? Those whales they kill are actually midget submarines sent by the penguins on Antarctica to spy on the Inuit.
Climate change plays only a supplemental role in these civil wars. The root cause is decades of well intentioned but poorly though out food and medical aid provided by the west, combined with the west allowing religious terrorists to be exported to the developing world where they preach against responsible population control. If the populations in these developing countries had not been artificially inflated by this meddling from the "west", it would take a good deal more climate change before the resource conflicts currently seen would occur.
My head is going to explode....
That is a ridiculous mix of half-truths, at best. Even if some aid has been counterproductive, to call it the root cause would be to suggest that such conflict didn't exist before aid. Also, there is plenty of local resistance to contraception; if you find the spread of Christianity to be the primary cause, you aren't really talking about recent times.
The most destructive western meddling is not well-intentioned aid, but instead old-school economic exploitation. Opening the barriers to economies where people live on $100/day so that such people have to directly compete with countries whose people live on $20,000 is a sure-fire way to get price-based food shortages. And yet, since your population argument is partially correct, it is also important to find a way to grow more efficiently in all places. This requires a well conceived mix of economic openness and closure, and countries caught in the hype of deregulation at all costs (such as the USA) are not ready for a serious dialogue about such issues. Yet, even if we discontinue aid, we will most certainly continue prying open markets so that the 1st world wealthy can accumulate the resources of the economically less powerful. The entire situation bodes poorly for global stability in the medium term, and the fact that global warming might lead to changes of a far greater magnitude than El Nino is unhelpful.
These are serious times.
Talk about half truths and supposition, Snark – you are as bad the poster your replying to. Having spent years in Africa I can tell you it isnt the white devil from the western world taking advantage of the poor in Africa. It is the banksters and power brokers in these countries who are in bed with the UN, IMF and other international schemes to accomplish the financial ownership of these societies. It is almost every leader of an African nation that is most responsible for the exploitation of their people. Yes the bankers sit back and take interest off the developing world, as evil as that is the true on the ground evil is committed between africans – just like any other place on the planet.
Right, because before we were sending food and medical aid, they had a completely peaceful society who never fought any wars or even made faces at each other. Oh wait, we are on earth, not in Oz.
Nope, they were not peaceful, however they were also not overpopulated which is the root of the bulk of the resource conflicts and the link to climate change and the reduction of those resources.
What are the Lakers doing in Sudan?
This is so obviously Bush's fault .
lol. I see CNN is still bringing up the global warming scam. I do admit, liberals are persistently annoying, kind of like the mosquito.
If you call global warming a "scam" (because of 'climategate'), you are obviously limiting yourself to reading media that is mostly selected to confirm your perspective.
If the climategate accusations were 100% true, it would AT WORST taint the work of one of the five major projects researching climate change. Plus, there is good reason to consider the accusations untrue: http://blogs.forbes.com/alexknapp/?p=2807
Of course, those who profit from keeping the US dependent on fossil fuels are not interested in hyping these statements. If you want to think for yourself (questionable given your comment, yet still possible), you will probably need to do some research of your own.
You need to learn how to read Brian, no where in this article does it mention global warming, it is talking about la nina and el nino effecting weather patterns. I would go on, but you are to stupid to bother with.
Agreed!! This is ridiculous. The headline totally implies that Global Warming causes civil wars. The correct headline would have been "El Nino contributes...".
If this doesn't prove media's agenda and cast doubt on the religion of GW hoax, nothing will....unless you count the scientists lying, disproving of the 'Hockey stick' model, or the inconvenient debunking of 80% of Al Gore's 'facts' in An Inconvenient Truth
ummm, 'climate change' is the right wing acknowledgement that the climate IS changing, without agreeing with Global Warming (natural course of events vs. man-made). El Nino is a miniature temporary version of climate change. Whether you agree with the article's conclusion is up to you, but the title is not really misleading...
Homer-Dixon hasn't a clue. Why do these types of people think that the world cannot exist on its own without their medling. It's almost a narcissists approach to life, where they are trying to justify their existence and make themselves more important. When will they learn that just like you cannot control human nature, mother nature will not be denied.
Homer-Dixon's argument is that we ARE meddling already, and that should be accounted for.
Of course, we could just go with your "bad stuff happens" philosophy, under which we would abandon sanitation and return mortality rates to the levels of a couple of years ago.
On second though, I think let's hold an election and see if the "do nothing while the world burns" party can beat the other ones.
this whole article is common sense.
"when you are uncomfortable, you are easier to piss off. "
they do that study in Ghostbusters 2, don't they?
Unfortunately, sometimes intellectuals have a hard time grasping the obvious. It was probably funded by some government grants.
Sometimes 'intellectuals' find it useful to test their hypotheses against data sets instead of treating common sense as immutable fact. Others are happy to know what they know, and will attack anyone who suggests their knowledge is incomplete. One of those people lives in PA, but really they are all over.
Of course, to call this kind of sense common would require overlooking several comments on this very board.
Sounds like that everyone agrees that this article is poor journalism: misleading headlines, tentative scientific hypotheses about the meaning of this study's limited findings framed as proving larger complex physical phenomenon, basic observable facts of history and life framed as revelations supporting politicized movements? Classic overstatement of scientific findings by the press. Is it a slow news day?
You pretty much summed up everything I was going to say, so the only I have left to say is...What an absolute load of crap this article is! Nice job on the pseudo science CNN! What's your next load of propaganda BS gonna be CNN? How the "climate change" is affecting the menstrual cycle of women?
Any science that might support a conclusion that you don't prefer is pseudoscience?
The Dark Ages called....they want their consciousness back.
Snark, Soooo your saying that you believe this drivel? I suppose you still believe in the tooth fairy as well.
Conversely, Human-induced Global Cooling during the Maunder Minimum (1550-1825) is no doubt responsible for the French Revolution,the Crimean War and all of the British/French/Spanish conflicts of the period, based on the vast amounts of wood and coal used during the winter months to keep Human Civilization warm prior to the Industrial Revolution.
Oh!... those dastardly Homo Sapiens – the world was such a lovely place until they emerged as the dominant species on the planet! – Yes!... Natural Law was such a compassionate and benevolent master... the world was a veritable Garden of Eden! – Nothing close to the: "... rather brutish place!" as Hobbs puts forth.
Dog runs, kids chases dog ,dog falls off cliff ,its the kids fault. Oh were is that easy... decrease in sun spots is likely cause of mini ice age. We should do nothing ? Mankind , has always been , our own worse enemy.
Cause and effect are obvious what we can or will do is the question.
Does it make the world a more stable to claim there is nothing mankind can do.
This is a story of clean water for drinking and there is plenty we can and should do. One drop at a time if for no other reason than it is the best course of economic salvation and for the next generation.
Government climate. Have these geniuses ever wrote an article on whether THAT has any role in civil unrest? Or is climate still the diversion to describe what the travesty these fat cat right wing maniacs are doing to pollute our air because they refuse to go green like Obama and his ilk desire (sarcasm clue). Like that will solve everything.
What is the thesis of your comment? What evidence do you have to support that thesis?
Now they're blaming the myth of man-made "Global Warming" for sub-saharans killing and eating each other?They have been doing it long before the "Global Warming" scam and will doing it long after
It's called colonialism. Read up on it before you make border line racist comments like this.
Yes it is true that these animals have always been less than human, to put it mildly. What the article is saying is that bad weather just helps to highlight their base and vile behaviour.
Calling another person an animal reveals genocidal intent on the part of the speaker. Denying the humanity of a target is a necessary step to rationalize what comes later.
one of the major contributing factors to the French revolutation was colder climate over a several year period which caused crop failure and the food riots . the farmers did not change their crops with the changing weather so they had crop failures ; tyo which Marie-a. said let them eat cake!!!!! thse weather changes have changed history in the American south west ..the aniestee (SPELLED WRONG) indians cir 100-1300 ad , Greenland was settled by farmers untill the weather changed . study history more.
LOL - study history more yourself, sir. Marie Antoinette didn't say, "Let them eat cake."
The Anisazi.
Talk about a misleading freaking headline: "climate change" does not equal El Nino, which is a cyclical WEATHER phenomenon. The authors of the study even caution against equating the two, but does that stop CNN from hyping the study as evidence of the impact of "climate change?"
El Nino is a change in climate, even if cyclical. The equation of "climate change" and "anthropogenic global warming" was made by you, not CNN.
with these nig guhs climate change ain't shytt. They gonna stab and butcher each other just like their relatives the apes at wanton. Same thing here with them in tha states...they are an out of control lot of TROUBLE througout the world and need to be made extinct!
Those who try to blame Global Warming on sunspots at least acknowledge it is happening.
However they ignore, purposefully, the human hand in it happening and that the theory of sunspot related warming doesn't explain the last few decades where temps have been going up when their theory wouldn't indicate they would.
Don't think Global Warming is real? Try going to a lake that freezes over and start tracking the date it thaws.
Global temperatures have been dropping over the past decade they have not been going up as you claim. Also, those who deny man made global warming have often and always said that Earth has been going through a constant climate change, with factors like volcanoes and sun spots being the dominate force.
Your claim that temperatures have been declining over the past decade is false. The decade from 2000 – 2009 has been the hottest in the last 120 years. 2010 was the hottest year on record.
I appreciate that all of the posters in this group at least acknowledge that it is helpful to understand climate change. There is a deep and rich scientific literature about all of the claims made here, which are – at best – oversimplified. I don't see how anyone can claim they know enough to draw firm conclusions until they survey the arguments of all sides.
The earths plates are constanly in motion and change the way mass is distributed accross the earth while the earth rotates unevenly on its axis, its position relative to the Sun is constantly changing, the Suns activity is never a constant. Based on these four factors alone, the Human influance on Climate change can never be measured. There will never be two seasons where all the factors will be exactly alike. Those who continue to push this point of Human influance on an ever changing climate must just be control freaks and can't stand the thought of not being able to manipulate something to their liking.
Y'know, us Americans can have a damned good civil war without the help of some Mexican kid. Thank You Very Mucho.
Hopefully they keep fighting. Crank the HEAT UP!
If you stopped burning fossil fuels completely by tomorrow, 100 years from now you would see negligible difference. I don't believe the effect is significantly measurable. Anyway, if we stopped using oil then the price would collapse and China would then step in and use all that we used plus then some.
What you fail to note is that if we continue to burn fossil fuels at an exponentially increasing rate as we are currently doing, things are going to get much worse. When you find yourself in a hole, the first thing to do is to stop digging.
Evidence for the "stop using" = "no effect" claim?
I agree with the China argument. The best solution to that is to make alternative options economically competitive. Also, I suspect that the world will eventually sanction countries that cling to fossil fuels, but that's over the horizon....albeit not 100 years ago.
If Deserts quadrupled in size between 2500-1500BC as Mr Cooke suggests, it had to be due to burning fossil fuels by early civilizations. We just haven't discovered the evidence yet. I am confident we will and that will be even more evidence of our own polluting folly!
Sarah Palin wants to know where this El Nino guy is, and when Navy Seals are going to assassinate him.
Deserts quadrupled in size between 2500-1500BC and then shrunk by the same amount beginning at the end of the 17th century – all due to too many cars, power plants, BBQs, and dry cleaners.
To demonstrate that global warming is not the ONLY POSSIBLE CAUSE of historical climate change is to refute a strawperson. Hopefully, you enjoy pummeling scarecrows....
This is definitely more flat-earth stuff from the far-left, however, this time they are all holding hands getting ready to jump off the planet!
Deserts have doubled in size since 1970, and this has no impact on human competition for resources? The Joint Chiefs of Staff disagree with you. You are deficient in understanding risk management. Stick your head in the sand and take no action. As the global warming disaster unfolds around you, you can take comfort in your lack of effort to avoid it.
Well said, VAisGreen
Alright, while i agree with your general point, deserts have NOT doubled in size since 1970. And global warming is going to have a net POSITIVE effect on resources; increasing rainfall and food output for the next 150 years. seriously, for all your Liberal talk about the "scientific consensus" on global warming, you sure have no idea what that consensus is actually on.
Brad Baker says "global warming is going to have a POSITIVE effect on resources." This is a popular fallacy, which is refuted here: http://www.grist.org/article/whats-wrong-with-warmer-weather
Essentially, the temperature s changing too rapidly for the ecosystem to compensate, and any local short-term benefit will be overwhelmed by the overall disruption. Surely it's unwise, if you think about it, to see "I'm going to change the climate of the whole world and count on that improving things." Not a good idea.
Terry Black, your reply to Brad is excellent.
Based upon your ignorant comment, you obviously didnt read the article, because it makes absolute sense. Probably because you didnt have a FAUX NEWS beady eyed republican read it for you and tell you what the republican party wants you to believe. Therefore, if you dont read an article, you shouldnt comment on something you know absolutely nothing about.
Folks with your misdirected vitriol are part and parcel of the reason I cease to vote democrat. You forgot to call that commenter a TeaBagger! Your favorite phrase! It's sad when all you can do is call names and, ironically, accuse anyone whose views oppose yours "brainwashed". You'll all call them baggers, faux news people, foxtards, oh lol lol on the collective 5th grade mentality to form those overly used phrases to describe people who scare you simply because they make you, gasp, think for once like an adult.
Willis, I hope you ceased voting Republican at the same time, as its just as bad. 'libtards','obamabots' are just a couple of the overused phrases. I'm sure you'll find more perusing the comments. Both sides use the same childish name calling.
Yeah – just keep burying your head deeper – the sand is cooler wayyyyyyyy down there!
The "far left" is not unified about anything.
Like I said, a typo, desserts , not deserts, have grown in size as have our rears.


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We are proud to have the most genetically and colorfully diverse hedgehog herd in the northwest! It comprises a multitude of carefully chosen bloodlines from many different breeders. We feel that collaboration and ongoing discussion with breeders that share our ethics and goals helps us to continuously improve our methods and the hedgehogs that we produce.
We also have a large variety of colors and patterns in our herd, including a handful of new and unusual colors not yet officially recognized. The majority of the babies that we have available are dark range pintos, snowflakes, or solids. We also regularly produce browns, cinnicots, and apricots, as well as occasional albinos and some new colors.
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subset: commoncrawl


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'Sleepy Hollow' tries for more than horror
There's an increasingly literary side to Fox's scary shows. "The Following," for one, made much of a connection to Edgar Allan Poe. Now comes "Sleepy Hollow," inspired by the Washington Irving story —...
There's an increasingly literary side to Fox's scary shows. "The Following," for one, made much of a connection to Edgar Allan Poe. Now comes "Sleepy Hollow," inspired by the Washington Irving story — though, like "The Following," with its own direction to take.
Of course, Irving's story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" has been fodder for fear for many years, not only on the page but in a Disney cartoon and in a 1999 movie starring Johnny Depp, though what scares audiences is open to interpretation; one critic said the Depp movie included plenty of beheadings but was "anything but scary." But there's no doubt that the Fox (Ch. 64, 25) series, premiering at 9 p.m. Monday, wants to make its viewers verrrrry uncomfortable.
In this retelling, Ichabod Crane (Tom Mison) has been asleep for centuries, only to awake in 2013 — just as his old foe the Headless Horseman is also on the loose again. Crane wants to stop the Horseman, but to do so, he has to convince people that the threat is real and get their help; one important ally is a local police officer, Abbie Mills (Nicole Beharie). Even then, it soon becomes clear that the Horseman is not a solo menace; as Fox has said, this is "the first of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse and only one of the many formidable foes that Ichabod must face to protect not only Sleepy Hollow, but the world."
In other words, this is a series that wants to run a long time. And, also like "The Following," it knows that the bloodshed may bring in the horror audience, but that's not enough to keep a show on the air. There has to be a larger story, even a mythology, that will have viewers asking questions about more than who is getting killed when.
That said, there is also plenty of killing in the premiere, and mild surprises about who is good and bad, as the show firmly embraces the current TV-series policy that just about anyone can be killed or evil at any time. I can't absolutely endorse it. "The Following" started off as effectively unnerving only to become progressively sillier. And "Sleepy Hollow" barely acknowledges that its main character's mindset is firmly in the 18th century - although this show is nowhere near as ridiculously anachronistic as the CW's upcoming "Reign." Still, "Sleepy Hollow" has some spooky fun in the premiere - and I know one viewer who, though no fan of horror, is eager to see more of this show.


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Perfection: Florida State wins BCS Championship
PASADENA, Calif. — Florida State seized ownership of Auburn's monopoly on miracles Monday night. Jameis Winston's 2-yard touchdown pass to Kelvin Benjamin with 13 seconds left put the finishing touches on one of the wildest endings ever witnessed in a BCS Championship as FSU rallied for a dramatic 34-31 victory over the Tigers in the Rose Bowl. The game featured three lead changes in the final 4½ minutes as Winston engineered an 80-yard drive in the final 1:11 and connected with Benjamin on the game-winning throw on FSU's last offensive play of the night. "It's what big-time players do when everything is on the line," FSU coach Jimbo Fisher said immediately after the game. "They suck it up in the fourth quarter." There was no shortage of players angling to play the role of hero down the stretch in the final BCS game ever played before a playoff system is instituted next year. It began with Seminole freshman Kermit Whitfield racing 100 yards with a kickoff return for a short-lived 27-24 lead with 4:19 remaining. Auburn tailback Tre Mason not only restored the Tigers' lead with a 37-yard touchdown run on the ensuing drive, he bumped all-time Auburn great Bo Jackson out of the way while overtaking Jackson and setting a new school record for rushing yards (1,816) in a season. That only set the stage for Winston, who overcame a brutal start and was tabbed the game's offensive most valuable player. The Heisman Trophy-winning redshirt freshman completed 6 of 8 passes for 77 yards on the game's penultimate drive, the biggest of which was a 49-yard pass to Rashad Greene to the Tigers' 23. Winston later tried to find Greene in the end zone on third-and-8 from the Auburn 10, and Greene was knocked down by Auburn corner Chris Davis before the ball arrived. Following the pass-interference penalty, Winston faked a run to his right and quickly ripped a pass across his body to Benjamin for the game-winning touchdown. "This is an unbelievable group of players," Fisher said. "It's a tremendous, talented football team. But there is better character on this team than players. They have the guts, the determination, and they love to play for each other. That's the reason we play." Auburn had two plays in the final 9 seconds to pull off another late-game miracle, but one pass fell incomplete, and Mason was tackled at the Auburn 36 on the last play of the game. Perhaps bothered by a month-long layoff or rattled nerves, Winston made repeated mistakes in one of his most unsteady performances of a Heisman Trophy-winning season. He locked in on covered receivers and forced throws in the first half, and several of his passes simply sailed off target. Winston avoided becoming the sixth Heisman-winning quarterback to lose in the BCS Championship. He finished 20-for-35 passing for 237 yards with two touchdowns despite being harassed by a steady pass rush. A costly fumble by the redshirt freshman was recovered by Tigers linebacker Anthony Swain in the second quarter and quickly turned into a 4-yard touchdown run by Marshall. That gave Auburn a 21-3 lead with 5 minutes left in the first half. Aided by a fourth-down conversion on a fake punt, Winston bounced back with a scoring drive capped by Devonta Freeman's 3-yard touchdown run just before halftime. Winston scrambled for 21 yards on the previous play. FSU trailed 21-10 at the break. Auburn outgained the Seminoles 232-156 in the first half, including 113-62 through the air. Marshall completed 14 of 27 passes for 217 yards and two touchdowns, and he also contributed with his legs with 45 rushing yards and a touchdown on 16 carries. Roberto Aguayo's 41-yard field goal trimmed the Seminoles' deficit to 21-13 through three quarters. That gap remained with just under 11 minutes left in the game before Chad Abram took a swing pass from Winston 11 yards to the end zone. A foolish unsportsmanlike conduct penalty on Freeman after the play forced the Seminoles to settle for an Aguayo extra point from the Tiger 18-yard line, however, instead of a two-point conversion attempt from the 3. That preserved a 21-20 lead for Auburn, and the Tigers responded to FSU's touchdown to build a 24-20 margin with place-kicker Cody Parkey's 20-yard field goal with 4:42 remaining. Whitfield gathered Parkey's ensuing kickoff, found a crease along the sideline and turned on the jets, screaming past any pursuers on his way to a 100-yard return. "He cut it back and hit a seam," Auburn coach Gus Malzahn said. "It was good execution. We didn't kick cover it very well. ... It was uncharacteristic of us, but at the same time you've got to give them credit." Auburn's first drive of the game ended when Marshall misfired on a play-action pass to an open Ricardo Louis over the middle on third-and-7. Had the pass been on target, the play would have resulted in a huge gain, perhaps even a touchdown, because FSU's defense bit hard on the play fake. FSU then marched down the field on a nine-play, 59-yard drive that resulted in a 39-yard field goal by Aguayo for an early 3-0 lead with 9:53 remaining. A perfect punt on Auburn's ensuing possession by Steven Clark pinned FSU at its 2-yard line, and the Seminoles were unable to advance the ball. Davis' punt return to the Seminoles' 25-yard line set up Marshall's screen pass to Mason, who took it 12 yards to the end zone for a 7-3 Auburn lead with just over three minutes left in the opening quarter. That play marked the first time the Seminoles had trailed an opponent since just before halftime against Boston College on Sept. 28. Another well-designed play left Auburn receiver Melvin Ray running down the middle of the field wide open, and Marshall located him with a pass for a 50-yard touchdown pass and a 14-3 advantage early in the second quarter. "I felt like Nick did a very solid job," Malzahn said. "I think they were daring us to throw the football early in the game. We hit the big one down the middle, and it loosened it up a little bit."


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Table of Contents
Ninth Circuit: School, Employer Terms of Use Are Not the Law
On Tuesday, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued an en banc decision (.PDF) in United States v. Nosal, affirming a federal district court's dismissal of several counts of violating the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA). At The Volokh Conspiracy, law professor Orin Kerr has been following this case closely for a few years, and in a recent post he highlights the broad importance of the Ninth Circuit's decision, which was authored by Chief Judge Alex Kozinski.
The decision holds that violating employee restrictions on workplace computer use is not criminalized by the CFAA. Why is this important for FIRE? Well, the CFAA contains a provision that makes it a federal crime, punishable for up to ten years imprisonment, to "exceed[] authorized access" on a computer. (18 U.S.C. § 1030(a)(4).) Lawyers and rights advocates have been worried that this would allow federal prosecutors to enforce the computer use policies of employers and colleges.
As FIRE has pointed out before, university computer use policies often are not in compliance with the First Amendment, and many schools (for example, Lehigh University) maintain computer use policies that contribute to their red light rating. These policies are bad enough without students having to worry about being criminally prosecuted for sending, for example, "annoying" messages, which are actually banned at Lehigh.
Thankfully, the Ninth Circuit has ruled that while unauthorized access is criminalized, unauthorized use is not. Thus, the CFAA has been narrowly interpreted and essentially criminalizes only what we think of as hacking. Violations of "acceptable use" policies by an otherwise authorized user are, according to the Ninth Circuit, not incorporated by the CFAA and not criminal. In fact, as Kerr notes, the Ninth Circuit took other federal circuits to task for reading the CFAA broadly, including the Eleventh Circuit, Fifth Circuit, and Seventh Circuit. The Ninth Circuit's opinion points out that "[t]hese courts looked only at the culpable behavior of the defendants before them, and failed to consider the effect on millions of ordinary citizens ... We therefore respectfully decline to follow our sister circuits and urge them to reconsider instead."
Amen! Hopefully the decision in Nosal will encourage other circuits to limit the CFAA along the lines of the Ninth Circuit. As Kerr points out, the Ninth Circuit has correctly found that the provision in question "has to be interpreted narrowly to avoid turning the CFAA into the statute that inadvertently criminalizes a tremendous scope of innocuous activity." College students should not be threatened with federal prosecution and imprisonment simply for violating their school's terms of use—especially considering how absurd or unconstitutional those terms might be.
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Mohamed Fahmy's Canadian citizenship won't be stripped: PMO
'Another conspiracy theory from the opposition': PMO spokesman Jason MacDonald
The federal New Democrats have received assurances from the Harper government that Egyptian-Canadian journalist Mohamed Fahmy won't be stripped of his citizenship after being convicted of terrorism in a Cairo court.
NDP Leader Tom Mulcair made the request directly to Stephen Harper in a letter sent Wednesday to the Prime Minister's Office, a copy of which was obtained by The Canadian Press.
Earlier in the day, Harper told a news conference in Quebec the federal government is deeply concerned with the terrorism verdict and the seven-year sentence handed down to Fahmy and two other Al-Jazeera journalists.
Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird has also said the government will continue to press for his release.
Nonetheless, the government now has the power to revoke Fahmy's Canadian citizenship under its controversial new federal citizenship law, Mulcair noted in the letter.
Bill C-24, which went into effect just last week, gives the government the added discretion to revoke the Canadian citizenship of someone convicted of criminal offences such as treason and terrorism.
Though Fahmy's conviction in Egypt has faced wide international condemnation, Mulcair asked Harper to essentially take the option off the table.
In the letter, Mulcair reminded Harper that "the NDP has firmly expressed our opposition to Bill C-24," noting experts have expressed concerns that it contained "serious violations" of Charter rights.
"Mohamed Fahmy's case in Egypt offers an immediate opportunity to realize the dangers of this new law," Mulcair wrote.
'No intention' of stripping citizenship: PMO
"Are you able to provide assurances that he will not be stripped of his Canadian citizenship when he needs our country's support now more than ever?"
In an email to The Canadian Press, Harper's spokesman Jason MacDonald did just that.
"We have no intention of doing that whatsoever," MacDonald said.
"This is another conspiracy theory from the opposition. We have and will continue to advocate for Mr. Fahmy at senior levels."
Earlier in the day, Harper said he has expressed Canada's displeasure to the Egyptian government.
The comments were Harper's first on the issue since Fahmy and his fellow Al-Jazeera journalists, Australian Peter Greste and Egyptian Baher Mohamed, were convicted in a Cairo court Monday and sentenced to seven years in prison.
The three journalists were convicted of giving support to the Muslim Brotherhood, which Egypt labels a terrorist group. The journalists deny they are terrorists and say they were just doing their job.
Their continuing imprisonment has sparked harsh international condemnation of Egypt.
'Deep concerns' over verdict
And it has also opened the Harper government to widespread criticism for what some say is a tepid response, compared to the tough language coming from the United States, Britain and Australia.
"We have been very clear on our concerns — deep concerns — about not just the verdict but about this process from the beginning," Harper said.
"We have expressed those to the authorities." Harper also said Canada has been providing consular support and services to Fahmy from the outset.
Baird said the government is trying to have Fahmy freed on appeal, or through a possible presidential pardon.
Though Egypt's president has ruled out intervening in the case, legal experts are divided on whether the imprisoned trio has the possibility of being freed as part of the ongoing legal process.
"Obviously there are some difficult circumstances here," Harper said.
"But the Egyptian authorities are very aware of the position of the government of Canada, and we will continue to press that position going forward."
Baird 'paying lip service': NDP
In an interview, Mulcair said he saw in Baird's comments "no real intention to do anything, paying lip service to our international obligations."
Baird has that said Fahmy's case is complicated by the fact that he is a dual Egyptian and Canadian national and also by the nature of the relationship between Al-Jazeera, its Qatari ownership and Egypt's banned Muslim Brotherhood.
The government of Qatar provides financial support to the Muslim Brotherhood, but no one seriously believes that Fahmy was in "cahoots" with the organization, Baird added.
Egypt's former top soldier, Abdel-Fattah El-Sissi, was elected president last month, completing a transition to power that started last July when millions of Egyptians took to the streets to demonstrate against Islamist President Mohammed Morsi.
The Muslim Brotherhood has since been rebranded a terrorist group.
The government accused Fahmy and his two colleagues of compromising Egypt's national security though its reporting on the Brotherhood.
The case raises serious questions about media freedom, and it has been widely denounced, including by the international rights' watchdogs Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.


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Warning: This story contains MAJOR SPOILERS from Star Wars: The Force Awakens. If you haven't seen it yet, stop reading now.
Even though many predicted it may happen, the ending of Star Wars: The Force Awakens was still a shock to all. Seeing Han Solo stabbed by his son Ben "Kylo Ren" Solo and then falling to his death was an emotional and devastating twist for the film. Director JJ Abrams and his co-screenwriters Lawrence Kasdan and Michael Arndt spoke about the reasoning behind this scene at a recent Writers Guild of America Q&A.
Abrams said,
"Long before we had this title, the idea of The Force Awakens was that this would become the evolution of not just a hero, but a villain. And not a villain who was the finished, ready-made villain, but someone who was in process."
"All of us bring our own experiences to it. As a father, as a friend to people who have children, I know what it's like to see struggle, to be part of struggle. I know how painful it can be. I know how real it is. And this is, of course, an insane extrapolated version."
He also added,
"It's this massive tradeoff. How can we possibly do that!? But… if we hadn't done that, the movie wouldn't have any guts at all. It felt very dangerous."
Screenwriter Michael Arndt, who was involved in the early story process, added,
"In my early drafts, my thinking was we had to bridge the end of Return of the Jedi to what happens in this movie, and we didn't want everybody to start off all together. We wanted them to be spread all throughout the galaxy."
"We came up with a backstory that Luke had a pupil who turned against him and fought him, and killed all the other pupils, and that was a thing that exploded the family and destroyed Han and Leia's relationship."
"I had thought Han's story and Leia's story was just about them coming back together. At the end of the movie they would have reconciled and gotten over their differences. And you would have said, 'Okay, bad stuff happened, but at least they're back together again. J.J. rightly asked, 'What is Han doing in this movie?' If we're not going to have something important and irreversible happen to him, then he kind of feels like luggage. He feels like this great, sexy piece of luggage you have in your movie. But he's not really evolving. He's not really pushing the story forward."
As for what it was like to be on set when the scene was filmed, Abrams said,
"It was really chilling. Seeing these two actors, they weren't chewing up the scenery. They were just doing this thing in a way that, frankly, was disturbing. To see Harrison reach out and touch Adam. I know this sounds stupid, but literally watching it, I forgot — I forgot that he wasn't his son. He did it so beautifully."
Follow The Star Wars Underworld on Twitter @TheSWU for more updates about this story and other breaking Star Wars news.


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On Friday, May 6th, Ms. Falcinelli, Mrs.Poll, Mrs. Smith, and Mrs. Underwood's Cedar View Elementary classrooms went to Lansing for their 4th grade field trip to see our state Capitol building and the Michigan Historical Museum. This special trip is a culminating activity after studying Michigan history, geography, economics, and our state and federal government throughout third and fourth grades. The students are always excited to see our wonderful Capitol building and see where our laws are made. One activity they really enjoy is lying down on the glass floor in the rotunda and looking up at the beautiful capitol dome. The Michigan Historical Museum brings Michigan's history right before the students' eyes.
The students who attended Lansing on Friday happened to be there on a day of a historical event. It was the day of the unveiling of former Governor Granholm's portrait. Some of the classes were able to see Governor Granholm there in the Capitol building. Mrs. Poll's class had the honor of having a representative from the capitol explain to them some of the symbolism included in the governor's portrait. In the portrait the governor is looking past a vase of apple blossoms and out a sunlit window. Some of the symbols in the portrait include: a small wind turbine to show her work toward green energy, a Chevy Volt to show her work support of extending the range of the electric car, a mortarboard to show that she wants to increase the number of college graduates in Michigan, and a shovel that was used to break the ground for an advanced auto battery plant in Holland, Michigan.
On Wednesday, May 11th, a second batch of fourth graders headed to Lansing. This time, students from Ms. Zank, Mrs. Baas, Mrs. Nielsen, Mr. Moleski, and Mr. Gregory visited the Michigan Historical Museum and state Capitol. Since congress rarely convenes on a Friday, it was the Wednesday group that had the opportunity of a fourth grade lifetime. Several of our groups from Cedar View were honored in the House of Representatives by our very own representative Pete MacGregor. These groups were able to see the representatives at work and listen in on how they voted on a bill.
All of the students had an awesome time viewing the history of Michigan at the Michigan Historical Museum, but the main attraction was seeing how our government actually works. The fourth grade teachers spent many hours preparing their students for this trip. No question from the tour guides went unanswered by our marvelous fourth graders. The lead tour guide at the capitol told me that Cedar View Elementary is one of the finest and largest groups to enter the Capitol and leave as the best behaved. Congratulations to all of the fourth grade students of Cedar View for representing our community and demonstrating the Habits of Mind.


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LAWRENCE, Kan. (AP) A former Kansas State University English professor in prison for killing his ex-wife in 2003 is challenging the legality of his sentence.
Fifty-six-year-old Thomas E. Murray is serving 25 years to life in prison for the stabbing death of Carmin Ross at her home north of Lawrence. At the time, Murray and Ross were fighting over custody of their daughter, who was 4 at the time.
On Tuesday, Murray's attorneys will argue the attorneys who represented him at the murder trial did not provide an adequate defense.
The Lawrence Journal-World reports that the civil lawsuit was filed under a law that allows prisoners to challenge their sentences.
The Kansas Supreme Court upheld Murray's sentence in 2008.
KMAN news had extensive coverage of that trial in Lawrence. The case also received national attention.


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Some Shuck, No Jive
Last month's Florida road trip was, all in all, an overwhelmingly positive experience. But one of the minor disappointments was the relative dearth of local seafood options at the ballparks — for whatever reason, the crab shacks and grouper sandwich spots that were prevalent in the area didn't cross over into the stadium experience.
So kudos to the Daytona Cubs for taking a step toward rectifying this situation. On select nights through the remainder of the season, employees from nearby Riptides Bar and Grill will be shucking and serving oysters on the half shell!
This past Thursday was the debut of the D-Cubs oyster bar, and as you can tell from the pictures the weather was ominous and therefore the crowds sparse. But he introduction of oysters to the Minor League concession scene is a very positive development, in my opinion, and I am hoping that this idea is a success in Daytona and then spreads to all applicable markets with considerable haste!
I'm not sure of the proper way to dispose of oyster shells, but if this was in Durham I wouldn't be surprised if the Bulls found a way to recycle them into t-shirt material. The team recently partnered with local collegiate clothing company Spring House to create a line of "Bull City" t-shirts made from 100% recyclable materials (including water bottles, plastic beer bottles and x-ray film).
From the press release:
The entire line is manufactured in Durham's one and only garment factory, less than three miles away from the Durham Bulls Athletic Park. School House, which designed and manufactured the line, sees the Bull City collection as an example of the power of "Made in USA" products and local manufacturing.
At this point you've all surely thoroughly dissected my most recent Promotion Preview column over at MiLB.com, which leads with approximately 400 words on the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers "Salute to Cows" (yes, I'm just the only person these days who manages to consistently write about Wisconsin in an apolitical context).
The team sent along some photos to run with the piece, and I'd like to share a couple of them here. These are just fantastic, these images, especially because they remind me of a VHS video produced by a Wisconsin-based band that I watched approximately 1500 times in college.
And, finally, I draw your attention to THIS. It's the State College Spikes' take on the "Call Me Maybe" video, and they totally nail it. Watch it, definitely.


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Title sums it up. I'm setting up a dedicated server as opposed to using shared hosting, and am wondering if it's more secure to change the MySQL root username. I've gone for a long and complex password, and I've done my best to secure the server itself using key based SSH and disabling root logins etc. But I'm paranoid since it's totally my responsibility now and I figure that if root is renamed, it makes it harder for a hacker to try and brute force if they don't know the username. Disabling remote access is probably helpful as well, if an option.
I saw this question: https://serverfault.com/questions/148801/when-securing-mysql-is-it-better-to-create-a-user-with-root-like-priviliges-and and the accepted answer was to rename root, but there wasn't much discussion.
What do you do and why?


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Any random person on the street could easily spot Shelter Serra's silicone Rolex watches as being obvious knock-offs. But that's exactly their point. They're cool because they're so obviously fake—not only lacking the famous sweeping second hand, but any branded markings whatsoever.
As Serra points out, the Rolex Submariner is considered to be "the ultimate watch of status" but her clever design pokes fun at it, and those who wear one to show of their success. In a way it champions the underachiever, particularly since they're being sold for just $40 a pop—thousands of dollars cheaper than the real thing. But if you want one you better act fast since only 150 are available in either black or white.
[Grey Area via Josh Spear]


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Native Plants
Welcome to the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center's collection of 82,876 plant images.
This site is not designed for commercial use
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Lonicera involucrata
Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Banks ex Spreng.
Twinberry Honeysuckle, Black Twinberry Honeysuckle, Black Twinberry, Bearberry Honeysuckle, Four-line Honeysuckle
Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle Family)
USDA Symbol: LOIN5
Image InformationPhotographer: Wasowski, Sally and Andy
Accession date: 2006-06-30
Filename: SAW_02087.JPG
Slide Index: W06189
Restrictions: Unrestricted
Collection: Wasowski Collection
Original Format: 35 MM
Orientation: Landscape
Shot: Whole Plant(s)
Date Taken: 1990-07-00
NPIN Image Id: 23141
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Order Online White Flowers Bouquet & Arrangement from FNP
Flowers communicate feelings and emotions in their own language. And there are different shades of blossoms to convey different emotions. When it comes to gifting or receiving white flowers they are mostly associated with purity, innocence, elegance, remembrance, and reverence. FNP brings to you a mesmerizing collection of white roses, carnations, lilies, and daisies in the form of bunch, bouquet, and arrangements. The white flowers bouquet or arrangements are absolutely perfect to express your pure and undying love for your partner from deep within your heart. White flowers can be gifted to friends, colleagues, and family members on a number of occasions. Where white carnations are known to bring peace and serenity, the white lilies convey class and sophistication. And white daisies are best to convey the message of good luck to your loved ones on the beginning of something new. It can also be gifted to a friend or loved one for a truce or as a symbol of apology with whom you got in an ugly fight due to some reason.
Send the Message of Love & Purity for Your Dear Ones with White Flowers
Are you in search of fresh white flowers to express your true feelings of love and understanding to your dear ones? Well, you have come to the right place. FNP is the number one online florist that brings to you an attractive collection of white flowers online, such as white carnations, white roses, white daisies, and white lilies. All our white flower bunch and bouquets are handcrafted by experts using farm fresh blossoms that are sure to brighten up the day of your loved ones in the most beautiful manner. In many countries, white flowers are considered the best bridal flowers that send the vibes of undying love and commitment in married life. With the help of our same day and next day delivery service, you can send white flowers to your dear one's doorstep in a hassle-free manner and fill their special occasions with pure love, peace, and happiness.


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The bushfires in Victoria (Australia) have destroyed a number of towns with barely a home left standing in them. One of these towns is Marysville.
'Marysville is no more,' such was the description by Senior Constable Brian Cross of Marysville after it was hit by an inferno on Saturday the 7th February 2009. 'It is like a bomb site,' so said Victorian Premier John Brumby. He also described the inferno that hit Marysville as 'like a tsunami.'
This posting is the story of Marysville. The Wikipedia article linked to below tells the story of Marysville – which is no more. Will it be rebuilt? Will anyone go back that has survived? The government has pledged to rebuild all the destroyed towns.
Twelve people have been confirmed as having died in Marysville. Marysville is completely sealed off by police – it is being treated as a crime scene.
BELOW: Wikipedia's entry on Marysville
ABOVE: Steavenson Falls near Marysville
ABOVE: Marysville Caravan Park before the bushfires
ABOVE: News Report on the Bushfires – including Marysville.


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July 2012 Highlights
Art Center Sarasota. On view through July 21: The Sum of Its Parts, including a collaborative show with Sarasota Audubon Society and an all-media juried exhibition. Opening Aug. 2 to run through Sept. 29: Deep See, featuring photography by Wayne Levin, works by Richard Herzog, and another all-media-open juried exhibition. 365-2032.
Selby Gallery. Carl Abbott: Architect continues through Aug. 3, displaying the Sarasota modernist's work. Coming up Aug. 10 through Sept. 12: Curiosities: Rick Valicenti & 21st Century Thirst, showing work by the award-winning graphic designer. 359-7563.
Ringling Museum of Art. Deco Japan: Shaping Modern Culture, 1920-1945, exhibits examples of the craftsmanship and design of Japan in the pre-war and war era, from the Levenson collection, July 13 through Oct. 28. On display in the Circus Museum's Tibbals Learning Center: Now Appearing in Howard Bros. Circus, recalling acts and stars of the American circus in lithographs that inspired model circus designer Howard Tibbals. 359-5700.
Sarasota Improv Festival. Ten or so improv groups from around the country bring the funny to the stage of Florida Studio Theatre's Goldstein Cabaret over two days and evenings, July 20 and 21. For up-to-the-minute info, go to floridastudiotheatre.org or call 366-9000.
Carreño Dance Festival. The summer festival returns, with extensive coaching for pre-professional students by faculty including Jose Manuel Carreño and Loipa Araujo Aug. 5-25, culminating in Festival of Stars performances Aug. 24 and 25 (stars TBA) at the Sarasota Opera House. For complete schedule and ticket info, head to carrenodancefestival.com.
Summer Circus Spectacular. The annual collaborative show between the Ringling Museum and Circus Sarasota continues through July 28 in the Historic Asolo Theater, starring aerialist Dolly Jacobs, the clown Renaldo, and more. 360-7399.
Gloria Musicae. The choral ensemble presents its annual salute to Independence Day with a new setting of The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere, at 4 p.m. July 4 at the Historic Asolo Theater. 360-7399 or 925-3183.
FridayFest on the Bay. The Van Wezel continues to present its summer series of free outdoor concerts, the second Friday of each month—July 13 (Adrian Ray), Aug. 10 (The Venturas) and Sept. 14 (Bird Street Players), to be exact. 953-3368.
Sarasota Orchestra Chamber Soirees. A "Baroque Bites" concert features works from Bach, Stravinsky and Monteverdi, 5:30 p.m. Sept. 13 at Holley Hall; on Sept. 27, the theme is "Modern Miniatures," offerings works by Piazzolla, Coleman and Bartok. 953-3434.
Suncoast Super Boat Grand Prix. The big summer festival of boats concludes with the Grand Prix race in the Gulf itself, July 1. For more info call 371-8820 or go to suncoastoffshore.org.
Moonlight and Magnolias. The comedy about the making of the classic film Gone with the Wind ends its run July 1 at the Golden Apple Dinner Theatre. 366-5454.
Das Barbecu. This country-Western send-up of Wagner's Ring Cycle continues its run at Florida Studio Theatre's Keating Theatre through July 9. 366-9000.
Love, Loss and What I Wore. This collection of dramatic/comedic vignettes about women and their clothes (by Nora and Delia Ephron) continues through July 15 at the Asolo Rep. 351-8000.
A Lesson from Aloes. Athol Fugard's play, set in 1963 apartheid South Africa, continues through July 15 in a Banyan Theater Company production in the Cook Theatre. 358-5330.
All Shook Up. Elvis Presley meets William Shakespeare (well, sort of) in this mash-up musical featuring both tunes from the King and shades of Twelfth Night, July 10 through Sept. 2 at the Golden Apple. 366-5454.
Talley's Folly. Lanford Wilson's Pulitzer Prize winner about an unlikely romance unfolding over the Fourth of July near the end of World War II takes to the stage of FST's newly renovated Gompertz Theatre, July 11 through Aug. 12. 366-9000.
Taffetas. Musical nostalgia with a fictional 1950s girl group, onstage July 12-15 at the Players Theatre. 365-2494.
The Piano Teacher. An elderly, widowed instructor reminiscences about her past students and begins to contact them…but there is more than nostalgia at work in Julia Cho's psychological thriller, running July 19 through Aug. 5 in another Banyan Theater summer show at the Cook. 358-5330.
Terra Nova. Ted Tally's play about doomed South Pole explorer Captain Robert Scott is drawn in part from Scott's own journals; it's onstage July 19-22 at the Players. 365-2494.
The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas. Venice Theatre presents this summer stock production of the bawdy musical comedy about a bordello at risk of closing, July 25 through Aug. 4. 488-1115.
Lettice and Lovage. This comedy by British playwright Peter Shaffer centers on a tour guide at a historic home who embellishes the truth to better entertain her visitors. Runs July 26-29 at the Players. 365-2494.
Perfect Wedding. Florida Studio Theatre closes out its summer season with this British romp filled with slamming doors, mistaken identity and even a naked woman thrown in for good measure. Onstage at the Keating Aug. 1 through Sept. 1. 366-9000.
Stay. In this play by Sheila Cowley, a desperate woman schemes to keep her husband from leaving her. Running Aug. 9-12 at the Players. 365-2494.
Crimes of the Heart. Beth Henley's Pulitzer Prize winner about three Mississippi sisters struggling to come to terms with their past and each other is onstage Aug. 9-26 in a Banyan Theater Company offering at the Cook. 358-5330.
Players New Play Festival. The Players' annual fest brings to the stage readings of new plays by regional writers hoping to score a full production during the mainstage season; which one will you root for? Aug. 13-18 at the Players. 365-2494.
Legally Blonde, the Musical. This popular musical comedy about unlikely law student Elle Woods begins the Manatee Players Riverfront Theatre season Aug. 16 through Sept. 2. 748-5875.
Heidi. Johanna Spyri's famous little Swiss miss is the focus of this Generations Theatre show, Sept. 13-30 at Venice Theatre. 488-1115.
Applause. The Players kick off their 83rd season with the musical based on the classic film All About Eve, Applause. Who will get to utter those famous Bette Davis/Margo Channing lines? Find out Sept. 19-30. 365-2494.
Evita. Don't cry for her, Argentina…the Manatee Players give Ms. Peron another shot with this Andrew Lloyd Webber-Tim Rice hit, Sept. 20 through Oct. 7. 748-5875.


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