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Vehicle Options
- Flexible Seating Group
- Quick Order Package 22F SE
- 6 Speakers
- AM/FM radio
- Audio Jack Input for Mobile Devices
- CD player
- Radio data system
- Radio: 4.3
- Remote USB Port
- Air Conditioning
- Air Conditioning w/3-Zone Temperature Control
- Front dual zone A/C
- Rear Air Conditioning w/Heater
- Rear window defroster
- 3rd Row 50/50 Fold/Reclining Seat
- Power steering
- Power windows
- Remote keyless entry
- Steering wheel mounted audio controls
- Four wheel independent suspension
- Normal Duty Suspension
- Speed-sensing steering
- Traction control
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- ABS brakes
- Anti-whiplash front head restraints
- Dual front impact airbags
- Dual front side impact airbags
- Front anti-roll bar
- Knee airbag
- Low tire pressure warning
- Occupant sensing airbag
- Overhead airbag
- Rear anti-roll bar
- Brake assist
- Electronic Stability Control
- Delay-off headlights
- Panic alarm
- Speed control
- Bumpers: body-color
- Heated door mirrors
- Power door mirrors
- Roof rack: rails only
- 4.3'' Touch Screen Display
- Driver door bin
- Driver vanity mirror
- Front reading lights
- Illuminated entry
- Leather Wrapped Shift Knob
- Leather Wrapped Steering Wheel
- Outside temperature display
- Rear reading lights
- Rear seat center armrest
- Rear-View Auto-Dimming Mirror w/Microphone
- Tachometer
- Telescoping steering wheel
- Tilt steering wheel
- Uconnect Voice Command w/Bluetooth
- 2nd Row 40/60 Tilt & Slide Seat
- Easy Entry® System Seat
- Front Bucket Seats
- Front Center Armrest
- Premium Cloth Low-Back Bucket Seats
- Split folding rear seat
- Delete Cargo Compartment Cover
- Passenger door bin
- 17'' Wheel Covers
- 17'' x 6.5'' Aluminum Wheels
- 17'' x 6.5'' Steel Wheels
- Rear window wiper
- Speed-Sensitive Wipers
- Variably intermittent wipers
- 4.28 Axle Ratio
Vehicle Description
So come on down to our dealership in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. We are open Monday through Saturday from 9 am to 8 pm. Contact us with any used car questions you may have, our number is 610 419-3222. Make Star Auto Mall your first choice for affordable used vehicles.
Clean CARFAX. Billet Silver Metallic Clearcoat 2016 Dodge Journey SE FWD 4-Speed Automatic VLP 2.4L I4 DOHC 16V Dual VVT
19/26 City/Highway MPG
* Available three-row seating; practical interior offers floor-mounted cubbies and integrated booster seats; optional 8.4-inch touchscreen is feature-packed and easy to use; available V6 engine improves performance; budget-friendly pricing. Source: Edmunds
Our vehicles include Star Auto Mall certified 100,000 mile warranty, 6 years or newer, under 80,000 miles on qualifying vehicles only! See sales for details.
*** WHEN IT COMES TO EXCELLENCE IN USED CAR SALES, YOU KNOW YOU'RE AT STAR AUTO MALL!!! WE SELL OUR VEHICLES AT WHOLESALE PRICES AND STAND BEHIND OUR CARS!!! ** Warranty available on engine and Transmission for 3 months or 3,000 miles. FINANCING and WARRANTY is available on all our VEHICLES. With a large inventory and wide selection of models, our GOAL is to help you make a CONFIDENT decision and buy the vehicle that's RIGHT for you. All vehicles are SERVICED, INSPECTED and DETAILED before they you take it home. We BUY, SELL and also do TRADE-IN's for all our customers. WE will help you get a LOAN. AT Star Auto Mall our FINANCE Department has access to loan programs designed to fit within your BUDGET. Perfect CREDIT, rough around the edges, or NO CREDIT at all, WE ARE PREPARED AND WILL WORK HARD TO GET YOU FINANCED. Browse Star Auto MALL's CARFAX CERTIFIED Inventory @ WWW.starautomall.org and check out our SUPER LOW PRICES and our WEEKLY SPECIALS. Whether it's SALES or SERVICE, we've served people throughout the TRI STATE AREA and are EAGER to give you a VIP personalized experience in car buying. For any further questions, please don't hesitate to call 877-638-8606 or email us at email@example.com


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Posts Tagged Renal Failure
Renal and Postrenal Causes of Renal Failure
As distinct from prerenal causes, renal causes of renal failure include all pathological conditions which affect parenchyma of kidneys. The most often reasons of acute kidneys affection are acute glomerulonephrites, interstitial nephritises, renotrophic intoxications, clottage of renal vessels, kidney infarct, etc. It is necessary to note, that the pathological process can affect both renal glomuluses (glomerulonephritis), disturbing the process of filtration, and epithelium of tubules (nephritis, intoxications), what results in their congestion and their disturbed reabsorbtion.
One of common forms of renal failure is congestion of renal tubules by haemoglobin of decayed erythrocytes that usually occures during massive hemolysis. Renal failure develops also in case of nephrectomy of both kidneys or their serious traumas.
The most common postrenal causes of renal failure are acute obstruction of ureters of both kidneys which can occure in case of urolithiasis, prelum of ureters by a ligature (during surgical operations), hematoma (because of traumas), tumour, etc. As a rule, simultaneous functional disorder of both ureters happens quite seldom.
Renal Failure Treatment in Brief
Treatment of acute renal failure at the early stage of development is directed on liquidation of the shock. Also diuretics and anticoagulants are often prescribed. Balanced and healthy nutrition plays an important role as well: a low-protein diet with daily energy value no more than 1500-2000 kcal is advised. Among other medicinal preparations used to treat acute renal failure are anabolics and polyvitaminic preparations. In case of infectious complications antibiotics are prescribed.
To normalize diuresis it is necessary to maintain an optimum balance of a liquid in the organism of a patient suffering from renal failure. Liquid is taken either orally, or intravenously. It is important not to overdose the amount of liquid because it can increase hydremia and can become the reason of water poisoning.
Disintoxication therapy (haemodialysis, hemofiltration, peritoneal dialysis, hemosorption) is necessary, if acute renal failure (ARF) is caused by intoxication of the organism. Then, ARF treatment is focused on restoration of water and electrolytic balance (for normal diuresis). In case of dehydration sodium chloridum, plasma, albuminum, glucose are used, together with increased consumption of water. Electrolits (potassium, sodium chloridum) are very helpful in normalizing electrolytic balance. Food rich in potassium is necessary to prevent hypokalemia.
Treatment of chronic renal failure (CRF) includes conservative therapy (diet, disintoxication), dialysis and kidney transplantation. The diet should be based on food with low amount of proteins and rich in fats, carbohydratesm and vitamins. Daily consumption of water should be not less than 1500-2000 ml. It is recommended to inject solution of sodium carbonate, glucose, and sodium chloridum.
At the late stages of CRF such methods of a dialysis are applied: constant peritoneal dialysis, haemodialysis. The terminal stage of chronic renal failure that has developed on the background of chronic pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystosis of kidneys, and hydronephrosis, is the indication for transplantation of a kidney.
Prerenal Causes of Renal Failure
There are prerenal, renal and postrenal causes of renal failure.
Disturbance of blood supply of kidneys is the main prerenal cause of renal failure (RF). It is assumed that the process of renal filtration (the first stage of uropoiesis) depends entirely on the amount of blood flowing to kidneys. This amount is determined by arterial pressure. Therefore, in most cases, acute renal failure (ARF) is caused by a sharp drop of arterial pressure, because it reduces significantly the amount of blood going to kidneys.
The cause of such a drop is a critical condition, a shock, which is characterized by a severe disorder of blood circulation. This shock condition is cause by a considerable loss of blood, traumas, burns (a hypovolemic shock), heart-work disorder (a cardiogenic shock in case of myocardial infarction), a septic shock (in case of sepsis), an anaphylactic shock (when getting specific allergens in the sensitized organism) and so forth.
Thus, during a critical drop of blood supply of kidneys the process of urine filtration becomes impossible and uropoiesis stops. This state is called anuria.
Etiology and Pathogeny of Renal Failure
Renal failure is a pathological condition which is characterized by a complete or partial renal disfunction in maintaining chemical constancy of the organism. Renal failure is accompanied with improper process of secretion and removal of urine, water-salt, acid-alkaline and osmotic imbalance, slow removal of nonvolatile acids and nitrous products (urea, creatinine, urinary acid, etc.).
From the point of view of pathogeny and clinical development of the disease there are two types of renal failure: acute and chronic.
Acute renal failure (ARF) is a severe disfunction of one or both kidneys that affects either all nephrons, or all parts of canaliculi, or glomerular system. ARF develops as a result of affection of various pathological exogenous or endogenous causes on renal parenchyma.
Diagnostics is based first of all on the anamnesis: whether the patient used toxicant products or medicinal preparations, attempted to do an abortion, etc. Further, it is necessary to exclude obstruction of urinary ways with the help of catheterization. Among other methods that are used to diagnose acute renal failure are: ultrasonic examination, computer tomography, radioisotopic renography, cystoscopy.
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a pathological symptom complex that is caused by rapid decrease of nephrons and their functioning, as well as glomerular filtration. CRF develops as a consequence of such diseases and factors as: chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, metabolic disease and disturbances (diabetes, gout), anomalies of kidneys and ureters (hypoplasia of kidneys, polycystosis of kidneys, neuromuscular dysplasia of ureters), intoxication with lead, mercury, analgesics, antibiotics, etc.
When this symptoms of this pathological condition occure, it is necessary to consult your doctor immediately. It is of vital importance to start the appropriate course of treatment without a delay.

subset: commoncrawl


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Apple updates Final Cut Pro X with new features as part of campaign to win back pros
Following reports this morning that Apple was preparing to a launch a new campaign on its website to lure skeptical professionals back to Final Cut Pro X, Apple has now pushed out updates to the app in addition to smaller updates to its Motion and Compressor apps.
Version 10.0.8 of the 'Final Cut Pro' Mac App Store app brings a number of new features and enhancements, many of which focus on improvements for professional users. Among the updates is support for Sony XAVC codec up to 4K, the ability to view "ProRes Log C files from ARRI ALEXA cameras with standard Rec. 709 color and contrast levels," and a long list of editing fixes, tweaks and enhancements that have been highly requested by pro users.
Apple has now updated its website with the new Final Cut Pro campaign we mentioned earlier. It includes a feature with acclaimed director Tsui Hark and Canada's largest newspaper The Globe and Mail. The 'What's New' Final Cut Pro product page was also updated to show off some of the new features in today's update such as support for the Sony XAVC codec.
Apple also updated Compressor and Motion today with minor updates that include fixes.
A full list of what's new in Final Cut Pro X, Compressor, and Motion is below:


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Table of Contents
FIRE Asks Vanderbilt to Respect Religious Liberty
Fox News Channel and Nashville newspaper The Tennessean are reporting on an ongoing controversy over religious student groups at Vanderbilt University. The Christian Legal Society (CLS) chapter at Vanderbilt Law School is among about a dozen student organizations (including five religious groups) that have seen their constitutions "deferred" rather than approved this year for noncompliance with Vanderbilt's nondiscrimination policy. FIRE has written a letter to Vanderbilt expressing our concerns about this new application of its policy, and is requesting a response by October 3.
At issue are two of CLS's requirements for group leaders. First, CLS's consitution states that "All officers of this Chapter must subscribe to the Christian Legal Society Statement of Faith." Rev. Gretchen Person, Interim Director of Religious Life at Vanderbilt, objected, saying that "Vanderbilt's policies do not allow any student organization to preclude someone from a leadership position based on religious belief. Only performance-based criteria may be used."
Second, the document states that "Each officer is expected to lead Bible studies, prayer and worship at Chapter meetings as tasked by the President." Rev. Person similarly objected to this requirement, saying, "This would seem to indicate that officers are expected to hold certain beliefs. Again, Vanderbilt policies do not allow this expectation/qualification for officers."
Vanderbilt, then, seems perfectly fine with religious or other expressive groups on campus as long as those groups don't actually expect their leaders to agree with the mission or purpose of the group.
Does this make any sense? For years, FIRE has been arguing that forbidding religious groups to make choices about their leaders on the basis of religious belief makes no sense at all. A religious message is only effective when communicated by a person who sincerely believes that message, and lacks all credibility coming from someone who doesn't. Requiring that people who don't agree with a group's core tenets nevertheless be allowed to lead religious or other belief-based groups is nonsensical and counterproductive.
And it could be much worse, particularly when it comes to minority religious or ideological groups on campus. Forcing them to allow any student to become a leader regardless of belief can imperil their very existence. For instance, imagine that a ten-person College Socialists group exists on campus. One day, a group of twenty College Republicans shows up for the meeting, votes itself into the leadership by virtue of its superior numbers, and effectively disbands the group. This scenario is quite possible if groups cannot use belief-based standards to choose their leaders. At places like Central Michigan University, in fact, we've seen this tactic in action.
These examples, while unpleasant, are purely secular. You don't need much imagination to see how much uglier it could get if religious groups were involved. Vanderbilt's CLS has said that it is worried about this very possibility.
America's tradition of religious pluralism doesn't mean that we have forced churches, synagogues, and mosques to allow anyone to become a priest, minister, rabbi, or imam. What it means is that people have always been free to associate with one another according to their beliefs and form their own religious institutions and communities. And, as has happened many times in American history, when some members or leaders feel that they cannot agree with the beliefs of existing groups, they are free to form their own new groups with their own belief systems.
Up until now, that has not only been the case in our society at large, but has also been the case for student groups at most colleges and universities across the United States, including Vanderbilt. Only in the wake of a controversy over a Christian fraternity's alleged dismissal of a gay member last year did Vanderbilt decide to review every student group's constitution and apply this understanding of its nondiscrimination policy. Whatever the facts of that case might be (Vanderbilt has not been forthcoming), it is no reason to jettison the American tradition of religious pluralism.
Vanderbilt claims in its policies that "[t]he University is also part of the civic community in which it exists. Its members, both faculty and students, are entitled to exercise the rights of citizens and are subject to the responsibilities of citizens." Religious liberty and freedom of association are two of the rights of American citizens, including Vanderbilt's students. If Vanderbilt wants to claim that it respects students' fundamental rights, it must allow religious groups the freedom to be religious.
Recent Articles
FIRE's award-winning Newsdesk covers the free speech news you need to stay informed.


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So we have another Dust Bowl to look forward to!
The amount of dust being blown across the landscape has increased over the last 17 years in large swaths of the West, according to a new study led by the University of Colorado Boulder.
The escalation in dust emissions — which may be due to the interplay of several factors, including increased windstorm frequency, drought cycles and changing land-use patterns — has implications both for the areas where the dust is first picked up by the winds and for the places where the dust is put back down.
"Dust storms cause a large-scale reorganization of nutrients on the surface of the Earth," said Janice Brahney, who led the study as a CU-Boulder doctoral student. "And we don't routinely monitor dust in most places, which means we don't have a good handle on how the material is moving, when it's moving and where it's going."
Based on anecdotal evidence, such as incidents of dust coating the snowpack in the southern Rockies and a seemingly greater number of dust storms noticed by Western residents, scientists have suspected that dust emissions were increasing. But because dust has not been routinely measured over long periods of time, it was difficult to say for sure.
"What we know is that there are a lot of dust storms, and if you ask people on the Western Slope of Colorado, or in Utah or Arizona, you'll often hear them say, 'Yeah, I grew up in this area, and I don't remember it ever being like this before,' " said CU-Boulder geological sciences Associate Professor Jason Neff, Brahney's adviser and a co-author of the paper. "So there is anecdotal evidence out there that things are changing, but no scientific data that can tell us whether or not that's true, at least for the recent past."
For the new study, recently published online in the journal Aeolian Research, the research team set out to determine if they could use calcium deposition as a proxy for dust measurements. Calcium can make its way into the atmosphere — before falling back to earth along with precipitation — through a number of avenues, including coal-fired power plants, forest fires, ocean spray and, key to this study, wind erosion of soils.
The amount of calcium dissolved in precipitation has long been measured by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program, or NADP, which first began recording the chemicals dissolved in precipitation in the late 1970s to better understand the phenomena of acid rain.
Brahney and her colleagues reviewed calcium deposition data from 175 NADP sites across the United States between 1994 and 2010, and they found that calcium deposition had increased at 116 of them. The sites with the greatest increases were clustered in the Northwest, the Midwest and the Intermountain West, with Colorado, Wyoming and Utah seeing especially large increases.
The scientists were able to determine that the increase was linked to dust erosion because none of the other possible sources of atmospheric calcium — including industrial emissions, forest fires or ocean spray — had increased during the 17-year period studied.
H/t Ron K.


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Funding Mechanisms
The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI)
The EU-AIMS project is funded by the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI), a large-scale public-private partnership between the European Union and the pharmaceutical industry association EFPIA.
The European Commission and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA http://www.efpia.org/) share responsibility for the operation and the implementation of the Innovative Medicine Initiative (IMI www.imi.europa.eu ). The legal entity to do this is the, so-called, IMI Joint Undertaking (IMI-JU) with its Governing Board, its Scientific Committee and its Executive Director (and offices), the latter issuing the calls for research activities and signing the Grant Agreement with the coordinating institution.
IMI aims to boost biopharmaceutical innovation in Europe and to speed up the development of better and safer medicines for patients. Through its unique and innovative funding scheme, IMI supports research projects in the areas of safety and efficacy, knowledge management and education and training.
Whereas academic participants and SMEs in an IMI project are funded by the 7th Research Framework Programme, the industrial partners - that have to be EFPIA members - contribute their own funds, matching the amount of public spending at at least a 100%.
For more information on this new funding mechanisms and the calls please consult the IMI Web Site: http://www.imi.europa.eu


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Peter I
Peter I, 1320–67, king of Portugal (1357–67), son and successor of Alfonso IV. He married (1336) Constance Manuel, a Castilian noblewoman, but subsequently fell in love with one of her ladies in waiting, Inés de Castro. Their tragic love affair has been a favorite theme in Portuguese literature. When Alfonso IV allowed Inés, whom Peter later claimed to have married, to be murdered (1355), the prince led a rebellion against his father. Peace was restored, and the prince formally pardoned the murderers. Nevertheless, when Peter became king, he had two of them executed by having their hearts drawn out. This act, and his concern for legal reform, earned him the names Peter the Severe, or the Cruel, and Peter the Justiciar. He was succeeded by his son, Ferdinand I.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2023, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Spanish and Portuguese History: Biographies


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Farewell to GoldenBy AitBeEn on Tue 7th Oct 2014 - 3:24pm
From now on Golden and the team will part ways after an incredible time. But all the good things come to an end, sadly.
Interview with Golden WCS Ro32By AitBeEn on Thu 29th May 2014 - 3:13pm
We did a small interview with AiGolden regarding his WCS experience so far.
LeaseWeb starts sponsorship with AiBy AitBeEn on Fri 24th Jan 2014 - 5:42pm
Alien Invasion gains more and more strength with it's newest sponsor: LeaseWeb!
Ai welcomes Fubati as a new sponsorBy AitBeEn on Mon 20th Jan 2014 - 9:05pm
We're thrilled to announce our newest sponsor: Fubati!
Patience joins Alien InvasionBy AitBeEn on Thu 2nd Jan 2014 - 12:43am
With the the new year just starting off, we're adding Jo "Patience" Ji Hyun to our roster.
Strelok joins Alien Invasion!By AitBeEn on Fri 29th Nov 2013 - 6:32pm
A Gentleman becomes an alien. Please welcome AiStrelok!
Ai qualifies for EES!By AitBeEn on Tue 19th Nov 2013 - 5:58pm
The Last Chance-Qualifier for the EES is ours and therefore we once again play against the top European teams for 5,000€!
Dreamhack Bucharest 2013By AitBeEn on Fri 13th Sep 2013 - 9:10pm
Aliens are flying to the next stop of the Dreamhack. This time for sure!
AiHonor: Back in Action!By AitBeEn on Sat 31st Aug 2013 - 12:03am
After quite some time our inactive member Niklas "AiHonor" Behrens returns to be back on duty! Welcome back!
Chubz joins the familyBy AitBeEn on Fri 2nd Aug 2013 - 3:41pm
After an "enduring" but also exciting trial time with us Aliens, Chubz will officially wear the Ai tag from now on. Welcome to the family!
Alien Research - HanfyBy AitBeEn on Thu 18th Jul 2013 - 6:43pm
"Ein Kryptonit habe ich nicht." Hanfy im Interview über EPS, Balance und seine Freizeit!
Who let the Doggy out?By AitBeEn on Tue 18th Jun 2013 - 12:46pm
You may have thought that we were satisfied after our recent additions but there's always place for talented players. Please welcome: AiDoggy!
Alien Research - CPUBy AitBeEn on Fri 7th Jun 2013 - 4:45pm
"Ich hatte den PC höchstens mal für eine Runde Fussball Manager an." Erfahrt mehr über Christopher "AiCPU" Pütz!
Krr joins Alien InvasionBy AitBeEn on Fri 31st May 2013 - 7:05pm
After the retirement of some Protoss players we looked for a person that could fill the gap and we are proud to announce AiKrr as our new Protoss player.
DotA 2 Team in the Bigpoint Battle FinalsBy AitBeEn on Thu 9th May 2013 - 12:15pm
After five rounds of tough qualifying our new DotA team was able to reach the final round of the Bigpoint Battle to fight for the 2000€ prize pool.
Best playing conditions with Tt eSPORTSBy AitBeEn on Wed 8th May 2013 - 8:41pm
To ensure the best and most comfortable playing environment for our new Korean players, our partner Tt eSPORTS supported them with new hardware.
Alien Research - MrPinkBy AitBeEn on Tue 7th May 2013 - 5:33pm
Egal wie viele zuschauen. Solang es einer ist, hat es sich schon gelohnt.
Revenge will be oursBy AitBeEn on Sat 4th May 2013 - 8:03pm
No more teasers at this point. We want to share our newest addition to the team: Kun "AiRevenge" Kim.
Alien Invasion expands - Dota 2By AitBeEn on Fri 26th Apr 2013 - 4:18pm
"We as a team are grateful and excited that a renown eSports organisation like Alien-Invasion is willing to take their first steps into Dota 2 with us."
Turn of tides - waCk joins AiBy AitBeEn on Tue 23rd Apr 2013 - 10:02pm
During the last few months we mave made some roster changes which we would like to share with you.


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|splitting power:
|21 t
|drive performance:
|needed tractor power:
|36.7 kW/ 540 obr/min
|el.motor power:
|splitting speed:
|HC1: 15.7 cm/s, HC2: 30.7 cm/s, HCR: 32 cm/s
|max.splitting length:
|109 cm
|splitting corse:
|109 cm
|dimensions (cm):
|1700×1210x2500/3900 mm
|weight (kg):
|900,00 kg
|oil tank size (ltr.):
This website uses cookies to give you the best possible user experience. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognition when you return to our site and they also help us to understand which parts of the website are most interesting and useful to you. You can customize all cookie settings by moving the slider on the left side.


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App Description
It's rough growing up in South Central Paleollithic City. There's a group of angry dinos that just wants to spoil all the fun. When they're not chasing cavemen, or swatting pterodactyls out of the sky, they are out causing havoc for Hammy and his crew of Happy Dinos.
They don't cause any trouble. All they want to do is pop bubbles. They'll have to move quickly to evade the angry dino gang that is coming from all angles.
Move as quickly as possible to pop the most bubbles before the enemy dinos catch you and ruin all the fun.
Try to pop as many bubbles as you can to unlock more dino friends to play with.
Here's how the game works:
- Gameplay is simple and becomes more challenging as you avoid predator dinos
- Slide your thumb on your dino at the bottom of the screen to run forward, backward, up and down to avoid enemy dinos
- Collect magic bubbles to unlock different characters.
- The longer you play, the faster the game moves. Each time you play Happy Dino Bubble Adventure, it changes so you never play the same game twice.
- Gamecenter Leaderboards let you see how you score compared to other players by how long you're able to survive and collect magic bubbles
- Challenge your friends to beat your score!
App Changes
- May 17, 2013 Initial release
- May 20, 2013 Price decrease: $3.99 -> FREE!


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Gold near $1,235/oz ahead of Bernanke and U.S. data
Gold held steady near $1,235 an ounce in Europe on Friday as buyers took to the sidelines ahead of key U.S. economic data due later in the session and a hotly awaited speech from Federal Reserve chair Ben Benanke.
The precious metal remains on track to end the week in positive territory after touching a two-month high at $1,244.00 an ounce on Thursday on concerns over economic growth.
Spot gold was bid at $1,235.50 an ounce at 10:19 a.m., against $1,234.94 late in New York on Thursday. U.S. gold futures for December delivery fell 20 cents to $1,237.50.
Financial markets are awaiting further clues on growth from Bernanke, who will deliver his speech on the economic outlook to the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Symposium at 3 p.m.
Today's market action is likely to be glued to the what the Fed chairman says about the U.S. economy, said Richcomm Global Services senior analyst Pradeep Unni. Any fresh fears from the Fed, though unlikely, may lead to further gains in gold.
Gold is vulnerable if investors have to sell positions to cover any sharp fall in equity markets caused by continued scepticism about the global economic recovery, he added.
European shares fell in early trade and were on track for a third week of losses as investors worried about the pace of economic recovery.
Asian stocks earlier rounded off a week of losses on concern that the U.S. economy may suffer another recession.
On the currency markets, the dollar was little changed against the euro but rose against the yen, trimming earlier losses on wariness over possible measures from Japanese authorities to stem the unit's rise.
The financial markets are awaiting key U.S. data as well as Bernanke's presentation.
The main focus later on today will be the release of the revision to U.S. second quarter GDP, followed soon after by Bernanke's speech from Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in the afternoon, said CMC Markets analyst Mark Hewson in a note.
Some commentators are suggesting that the Fed may be close to introducing some new easing, or stimulus measures and today's speech by Bernanke will hopefully give some insight into that.
Further quantitative easing would likely benefit gold, potentially sending it back towards its current record high at $1,264.90 an ounce, analysts said.
Meanwhile, analysts were optimistic for a recovery in physical demand from key consumers like India, where buying has been pressured by high prices. A Reuters poll showed that India's gold imports are seen rising to 504.5 tonnes this year.
In supply news, South Africa's largest union on Friday threatened to bring mining and other industries to a halt next week in a strike to support labour action by 1.3 million state workers.
South Africa is one of the world's largest gold miners and the biggest platinum producer by far.
Silver was at $18.91 an ounce versus $18.90. The metal has retreated from the two-month highs it hit on Thursday at $19.15 an ounce, but is still on track to rise more than 5 percent this week, its biggest one-week climb since early April.
Analysts report good fund buying of silver. Interest in silver-backed exchange-traded funds increased, with holdings of the largest, New York's iShares Silver Trust, up nearly 46 tonnes so far this week.
The ratio of gold to silver -- how many ounces of silver are needed to buy an ounce of gold -- slipped to its lowest since early August on Friday at 65.21 as the white metal became increasingly expensive compared to gold.
Platinum was at $1,528 an ounce against $1,525, while palladium was at $498 against $497.63.
(Reporting by Jan Harvey; Editing by Alison Birrane)


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OKLAHOMA CITY -- After taking another look at the replays, Oklahoma State coach Mike Gundy still has questions about Texas running back Joe Bergeron's winning touchdown in the teams' Big 12 opener.
Gundy said on a conference call Sunday night that the first thing he did in the morning was look back over film of the play from the previous night.
"I think he fumbled," Gundy said. "I don't know what else to say."
Officials ruled on the field that Bergeron had scored on a 2-yard touchdown run with 29 seconds left. Oklahoma State's Daytawion Lowe came out of a pileup at the goal line with the ball, but the initial ruling was upheld after an instant replay review.
The Longhorns (4-0, 1-0 Big 12) won 41-36 and moved up to No. 11 in The Associated Press poll Sunday.
Gundy said he didn't get an explanation of the ruling on the play, though he admitted he hadn't sought one out on his own. He said he "can't imagine that they wouldn't" contact him to discuss the play further.
"We don't really get that answer on the field," Gundy said. "We only get the answer that they are reviewing a fumble and then the only thing that I can say is the determination must have been that he didn't fumble or that he had already crossed the goal line before he fumbled. But I never got that answer."
Gundy said he thought he might have had access to video angles that weren't available to officials -- or to the television audience -- from the team's own film. After his own review, he had doubts that the right call was made.
"We coach our players to fight until the very end, the half-yard line, 2-yard line, 4-yard line. Alex Elkins did a great job of putting his helmet on the football, and that's what he's coached to do," Gundy said. "I'm disappointed from that standpoint but there's just nothing you can do. You've just got to move forward."
Oklahoma State (2-2, 0-1) has this week off before playing at Kansas on Oct. 13. He didn't expect there to be any hangover with his players over the close call.
"In that area, they are fairly well trained. They know that they can't change calls," Gundy said. "I haven't heard one comment from them. It hasn't been discussed with anybody on our coaching staff."


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YouTube plans to launch a music subscription service later this year, to allow people to listen to tracks online, and to possibly cut out the ads that precede each video for subscribers, according to Fortune.
The largest storehouse of streaming video, YouTube relies on selling banner ads on the site and running short clips before each video, giving a cut back to record companies.
YouTube has released a statement that confirmed it was considering a subscription service, but noted that ads wouldn't go away:
While we don't comment on rumor or speculation, there are some content creators that think they would benefit from a subscription revenue stream in addition to ads, so we're looking at that.
YouTube stepping up the game as a music provider sense to me. It's is one of the first places I hit up when I'm looking to listen to a new track quickly. Sure, it's not often the best quality, but it'll do in a pinch. A proper subscription service is likely to provide higher fidelity tracks, and elevates YouTube to the same playing field as labels such as Warner Music which do rely on streaming revenue.
Google already has partnerships with numerous music publishers. Last November, it struck up a deal with Armonia, one of the largest alliances of music publishers, giving it access to 5.5 million tracks across 35 countries.
And in the larger scheme of things, the company might overlap its new subscription plans into its Google Play music service. In December, it rolled out a free "scan and match" feature that allows users to add up to 20,000 songs from their offline collections to the Google cloud and stream it to their devices on the go.


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Cameroon is regarded as Africa in miniature.
This central west African nation could not have asked for a better location.
From its arid north through its grassland center to its dense rain forest south, it rightly deserves the designation, Africa In Miniature.
A look of Cameroun maps, location and terrain points this out.
Visiting Douala, Yaounde, Buea, Bamenda and other cities this summer after close to a decade, presented me with some interesting challenges.
I definitely enjoyed my eight weeks stay, and yes, I will do it again at the very first opportunity. This is what made it worthwhile:
Unlike JFK, EWR or most high traffic destinations, airports in this western central African nation are very relaxed.
The small sizes of Douala and Yaounde airports make for an easier, relaxed and calm travel experience.
Customs, immigration, security are all conveniently located in one area.
Forget your heavy winter clothes. Sitting next to the the equator and GMT, Limbe, Kribi and other town's weather conditions are either spring or summer relative to most western nations.
Beautiful year round. So plan your vacation whenever: December, March, June or September. It doesn't matter.
Sitting below the equator and a few degrees off longitude Zero, Cameroun (French) has a beautiful year-round summer-weather, gorgeous beaches such as Limbe and Kribi.
Touring from the desert north through its grassland center to its rich dense forest south, you get a true one-stop tour of Africa. For both geographers and wildlife lovers, you will find the terrain and vast variety of unique animal species in many conserved national parks.
With more than 250 ethnic groups in a surface area less than the size of California, you will see why a Kamerun (formerly) Travel is unique. Each ethnic group has its culture: tribal language, food, music, birth, engagement, wedding and funeral customs.
This gives this central African nation an endless array of cultural variety. Be sure to enjoy the culture of the people, especially the cuisines and music, yes, Makossa and the ever popular coupé-décalé.
With the current economic crisis, who wants a costly vacation? With 1USD at 400 to 500 FCFA, the greenback definitely goes a long way here . You get a lot for the "buck".
The list is long. Let us know what you enjoyed most about your visit. --
About Us
My goal is to answer some of the questions I had in mind before my travel and those questions that worried my friends and family most.
This website is aimed at presenting You with up to date information. The goal is to convince You to make Cameroon your next vacation spot, or at least consider it.
Be sure to tell us about your adventures as they unfold. How was the planning? What did you enjoy most. We will love to hear your story.


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So you've chose to consider nudism the very first time.
Now what should you do?
If you're positive that you'll like the nudist existence, and you're willing to create the commitment with no secondly thought, it is possible to enroll in a nudist team or book the initial nudist vacation and hop directly into the nudist way of life.
But what happens if you're a little more reluctant? In the end, who is able to fault you? Proceeding nudist the first time is an important phase for several people.
You may would like to drop your toe in the water, with out creating way too much of a commitment initially, to ensure that should you choose that you don't want it it is possible to back out, right away if you think as if it, without losing anything.
Does that appear to be you? If so you might have two options.
Try a free open up working day at a nudist web site.
Or try a free nude seaside.
Of these two choices, the first is much better for the subsequent reasons.
Firstly, you will be in the handled atmosphere, where team rules make sure that specifications of health and behaviour are seen. The area will be well-screened for personal privacy and you will see at the very least basic features. Significantly, you will recognize that the participants is going to be warm and friendly, open up and welcoming.
However , nudist group wide open times usually are not popular, and if one happens it might be a huge selection of mls away. Also, it will probably be organized for the time and particular date, which, although you may causes it to become might be chilly and wet and never definitely "nudist pleasant." Even so they are doing occur every once in awhile. Use a standard web sweep for "naturist membership open day" or something comparable to see what shows up. Don't hold your air though!
A far more reasonable option would be to test a free nudist seaside, or lake, or skating pit.
Should you take a nudist seashore, the foremost and finest little advice I could provide is to be sure that it's an "official", (i.e sanctioned through the respective authorities) nude seashore. Or, it could be only a area of the beach, since whilst some shorelines are nude, other, larger shorelines might only enable nudity in certain well-labeled selected regions. Unless you know what you're carrying out, using anything aside from an recognized nude seashore may result in some humiliating focus from your regulation!
Several of the benefits of utilizing a free of charge nudist beach are:
- There will probably usually be a minimum of one around the nearby coast to you personally.
- These are totally free.
- You can check out whenever you want provided that you like, after which keep any time you wish.
Some of the drawbacks are:
- They can be largely unregulated. You could find poor, offensive or unsuitable conduct.
- These are rarely screened off and are available to the general public. You might are afflicted by the attentions of voyeurs, peepers, outraged inhabitants (even on recognized seashores), and similar menaces. Also be cautious about the invisible camera sneak who videos in key after which plasters his seedy little video tutorials on multilple web sites. (Idea. To frustrate this shabby individual, position a sizable beachfront-handbag as well as other obstruction at your toes when resting. It inhibits him from receiving his favourite shot.)
- It might be difficult to make buddies along with other seaside consumers. (Suggestion: Should this be a worry for yourself there are websites including Actual Nudist Buddies that specialise in putting you in contact with other nudists. Although you may don't want to sign up for cost-free you are able to depart a message on one of many free of charge community forums.)
- Most of them take time and effort to gain access to and have no facilities in any way.
It may look how the down sides outweigh the rewards which nude beaches are spots finest prevented, but I've stated the opportunity trouble for completeness only. You'll rarely experience each of the disadvantages on the beach pay a visit to, and many often it will likely be trouble-totally free. Just research your options on the internet, explore the beachfront reports and end user testimonials, and then make your selection.
It's the best, difficulty-free and least expensive means of taking the first nudist techniques.
Appreciate them. I assure they won't become the perfect final!
Inspired by: ezinearticles


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"Hi! I'm Karen Pryor, the author of Don't Shoot the Dog and one of the founders of clicker training. In this section you'll find some things I've written about training that are not easily available elsewhere, such as speeches, my monthly letters to the clicker training community, clicker-related articles, and internet posts about clicker training questions."
Karen Pryor is the CEO of Karen Pryor Clicker Training and Karen Pryor Academy.
Karen is an active, leading spokesperson and teacher for effective force-free training across the globe. Her work with dolphins in the 1960s revolutionized animal training by pioneering and popularizing force-free training methods based on operant conditioning and the conditioned reinforcer.
Karen's 40-year career working with and educating scientists, professional trainers, and pet owners has changed the lives of countless animals and their caretakers in zoos, oceanariums, and pet-owning households.
She is the author of six books, including Don't Shoot the Dog!, the "bible" of training with positive reinforcement. Her most recent book, Reaching the Animal Mind, describes how to bring out the undiscovered creativity, intelligence, and personality of the animals in our lives. Karen lives outside Boston, Massachusetts.
- Read Karen's Letters to the Clicker Training Community
- Read an interview with Karen by Melissa Alexander


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Software defined networking appears poised to make probably the most radical change in the enterprise to date. In the very near future, organizations will be able to spin up entire data environments on fully virtualized infrastructure, which will most likely be distributed across great distances.
This will turn some very basic assumptions about data networking on their heads. Most notable? The breakdown of the data center edge and, in a larger sense, the LAN and the WAN.
For the most part, enterprise utilization of the cloud is limited to storage operations. But increased reliance on SaaS, PaaS and IaaS architectures will almost certainly drive a push to deploy higher-order applications, perhaps even mission-critical ones like ecommerce and financial reporting, over broadly distributed architectures.
At that point, enterprises will encounter a number of problems. In the first place, wide area networks simply are not designed for the highly dynamic data traffic that populates the local area network. Traditionally, the WAN shunted large blocks of data to field offices and remote locations where local infrastructure then took responsibility for parceling it out to select locations. Secondly, wide area services are not cheap. Even though worldwide bandwidth should suffice for the foreseeable future, the average enterprise may still balk at the cost of rising WAN traffic, even with robust optimization technologies in place.
But in true capitalistic fashion, where there is a need, someone will find a way to make a buck. And the need to improve WAN performance for cloud-level application environments has led to a bumper crop of startups peddling a wide range of innovative solutions.
Mountain View, CA-based cloud provider Axcient, for example, recently released a new sync protocol that aims to speed up data transfer for its Recovery-as-a-Service offerings. The system features a local appliance that keeps track of block-level changes within the enterprise environment, reducing data volumes to the cloud some 90 percent and, in turn. cutting the time needed for backup and recovery processes from hours to minutes. Axcient says it will integrate the protocol into its general cloud services portfolio next month, where it will be available at no extra charge to existing customers.
Meanwhile, a company called Pertino is looking to simplify WAN operations by adding more functionality to the network edge. The Network Service Virtualization (NFS) system, which the firm bills as a service-based approach to Network File Virtualization (NFV), converts traditional edge functions like mobile VPN, malware detection, monitoring and even WAN optimization itself into cloud-based services. This not only reduces complexity in the local infrastructure, but increases application and user functionality by decentralizing the network functions library, offering unified configuration, data collection, policy enforcement and other tools across multiple data environments and on multiple devices. Look for NSV as a key component in the newest version of Pertino's Cloud Network Engine.
And from CloudOpt comes the new Speed-as-a-Service offering, which improves data transfer speeds to and from popular cloudservices like AWS and EC2 by 90 percent. This allows for near real-time replication of databases across regions, as well as full daily backup and high-speed upload of Big Data volumes to available cloud resources. What's more, the system, accessed through an easily installed Windows or Linux client, requires no hardware or software appliances, nor any networking experience to operate. CloudOpt recently expanded the service to the U.S. west coast and the European Union region.
The rise of WAN optimization services is a key example of how the cloud can be leveraged to solve some of the very problems it creates. WAN functionality, already a critical component of the enterprise data environment, will play an increasingly vital role as organizations shed the bonds of traditional data center infrastructure. And that means it will have to become increasingly LAN-like in its performance capabilities.
The data world is getting smaller, and as the enterprise becomes more steeped in the cloud, all infrastructure will soon be local.


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Originally published in the August 2010 issue.
He wakes up at five in the morning and washes away his deep-sea dreams, the hot water spilling off his balding crown, running down his goatee and his bulky paunch. Then he gets into his sand-colored cargos and shirt, puts on his gear, checks his M4, grabs his battered laptop loaded with PowerPoint presentations — "Evidence Scene Protection," "Counter-IED Training," "Riot Control" — and climbs into a Humvee or MRAP to go to the next police station or training outpost. When he arrives, he greets the Iraqi policemen. As-salamu alaykum, he says. Wa alaykum as-salam, they reply. Peace be upon you. Peace be upon you, as well. The right hand touches the left side of the body armor, where the heart is hiding. Peace be upon you. Never has a war been fought with so much kindness.
"I dreamed I was scuba diving last night," Bill Connelly says over the intercom of the MRAP, a twenty-ton, six-wheel mine-resistant vehicle that looks like a submarine on wheels. It's the same conversation every day. Always diving.
"Yeah, I've been thinking about it a lot," Will Martin's voice comes in crackling. "As soon as I get out of this job, I'll get my license for master scuba-diver trainer and will open my own school. Somewhere in Costa Rica or Honduras."
Will Martin is Connelly's thinner twin: a goatee, a smaller paunch. Both of them worked as cops and are employees of DynCorp. War Pigs, they call themselves. Standing side by side, they vaguely resemble Tweedledum and Tweedledee. Except that Martin is quieter, more aloof. He has been in Iraq since almost the beginning of the war. The pupil of his left eye spills into the blue iris, like a broken egg yolk. He used to be roommates with Connelly in Kosovo, where they trained that country's fledgling police force. Now they're training this country's, at least for a few more months. Then their students will have to fend for themselves.
The armored convoy lurches forward, pushing through the gates of Camp Liberty, the sprawling U. S. base on the western outskirts of Baghdad, past Ugandan contractors with loaded Kalashnikovs and boonie hats slung low over their eyes. There are two beat-up Iraqi police trucks in the lead. Anytime Connelly* and Martin* or any MPs go beyond the wire, Iraqi escorts come along.
Outside, drab brown tenements and mud huts rise out of smoldering mounds of trash. A few cows graze in the refuse. In the distance, the four smokestacks of the local power plant shoot up like hypodermic needles, injecting the sky with their black smack. Only the palms, their fronds frozen in silent explosions, and Martin's stories — about diving, about binge drinking, about prostitutes in Thailand — add a bit of color.
"I think I'll buy a house here. It'll cost me cheap," Martin says.
"You've got livestock as well," says Connelly.
There are four U. S. armored vehicles in the convoy holding twenty-four men: four noncommissioned officers from the 49th MP Brigade, which is overseeing much of the police training in Iraq; sixteen personal-security details from the 229th MP Company charged with protecting them; two linguists; and Bill Connelly and Will Martin, who will lead the training.
The Gatorade and water in the cooler next to Connelly shake as the convoy starts and stops. Every so often it comes across an Iraqi police vehicle parked by the roadside or broken down. Several cops are having a picnic on the bed of their truck; another is standing by his motorcycle fingering his prayer beads, looking contentedly around. There is no reason to worry. Everything will be fine. Inshallah, God willing.
Suddenly the convoy comes to a halt.
"What happened?" somebody's worried voice.
"One of the police escorts stopped to buy a doughnut," Specialist Brian Dexter, the turret gunner, reports.
"Are you kidding me? Right now?" asks Sergeant John Paras, the truck commander.
"Roger, sir."
"A doughnut?"
"Sorry. Cigarettes. He's buying cigarettes."
Silence. Then laughter. It's all good. At last the convoy snakes through a couple of concrete roadblocks and pulls into a parking lot of the Iraqi Patrol Police Headquarters, on the opposite side of the Tigris from the International Zone. To one side is the new American-built training center with an indoor firing range and a makeshift boxing ring. To the other are more than a hundred blown-up police cars stacked atop one another like piles of prehistoric bones. Next to the heaps of twisted metal and shattered glass, sitting on tattered scraps of cardboard in the parking lot, cross-legged and calm and potbellied like Buddhas, are the new Iraqi recruits.
As the crew members spill out of their vehicles, weapons on red, the students across the parking lot stare at an Iraqi instructor teaching them bomb-detection techniques. He clicks open a black briefcase and takes out a plastic hand grip with a swiveling antenna. With his arm relaxed at his side, he draws a deep breath, then slowly raises the device until the antenna is parallel to the ground. A small plastic bottle with C-4 has been placed a few feet away, and the antenna swivels on its own in the direction of the explosive.
The students, wearing tattered, mismatched uniforms, are wonder-struck. One by one they get up to give it a try. But most struggle to balance the antenna while walking, as if getting tested for alcohol. The antenna swings wildly left and right, detecting smiles and giggles instead.
The device, which can cost up to $60,000, is called ADE 651. A few months ago a Cambridge University scientist concluded that the plastic cards within are nothing more than simple antitheft tags. The detector doesn't work, the American military told the Iraqis. But the Iraqi Ministry of the Interior had already spent $85 million to outfit the entire police force, so they continue to use it.
One of the cops approaches Connelly and the MPs, who are standing across from the training. "It works," he says with a smile, "but a lot of the guys prefer teasing their girlfriends with it, produce a big bang."
Connelly looks for a brief second at the young Iraqis testing the bomb detector in front of the blown-up cars. He's been in Iraq two years now. His job is to assist and advise, check off a box, and move on to the next mission. Beyond that, he is to offer no opinions, no unsolicited advice. So he does the only thing he can: He walks away. Soon he'll be gone, and securing the country will be left to the disheveled, laughing Buddhas and their magic wands.
*These names have been changed because DynCorp has not authorized them to speak with the media.
It used to be that every year a new MP unit would arrive and say that the grand strategy of the previous unit was wrong, and start anew, determined to get it right at last. Now the only grand strategy is to get the hell out. By the end of summer there will be less than fifty thousand Americans left in Iraq, mostly just advisors and support staff tasked with packing up. The president barely even mentions Iraq these days, and Americans back home, reeling from a recession that is taking too long to end, could be forgiven for believing the war in Iraq is already over. It's an afterthought, even as homemade bombs still ricochet on a regular basis, killing an average of seven Iraqis every day. This early spring morning, as Connelly prepares to begin his latest training course, a suicide bomber will blow himself up outside a government compound sixty-five miles to the west in Ramadi, killing at least thirteen people. The day before in Washington, D. C., Defense Secretary Robert Gates codified the strategy shift by officially renaming Operation Iraqi Freedom Operation New Dawn, "to recognize our evolving relationship with the government of Iraq." The day before that, in Baghdad, the Army announced that for the first time since 2003, there are fewer than a hundred thousand U. S. troops in Iraq. Bombs or no bombs, the war is ending on schedule.
For their course in unarmed self-defense, Connelly and Martin have brought the RedMan, a padded black training suit that's supposed to protect against high-intensity punches and kicks. The special helmet, with its heavy-duty visor, makes the wearer look like an antique deep-sea diver from 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. The Iraqis are elated.
"I need a volunteer here," Connelly says.
Why he was asked to lead this three-day course, Connelly doesn't ask. Like everything since the Americans signed the security agreement in 2008, the orders now come from the Iraqis themselves. A phone call is made to the 49th MP Brigade, which is heading up efforts of Iraqi police training at the local and provincial levels: We need help with crime-scene preservation, an Iraqi officer might say. Or the 49th might ask the Iraqis: Do you need escort training? If they say yes, one of the 249 Police Transition Teams is mobilized.
"So who wants to try on the RedMan?" Connelly repeats his question, waiting for the linguist to translate his words.
After a short dispute, Anmar Hemet, a twenty-something policeman with a buzzed haircut, gets the honor. His childlike face looks otherworldly behind the visor. Anmar moved to Baghdad from the city of Kut after Al Qaeda found out he was working for the police and shot him four times in the leg.
"What do you do if somebody grabs your weapon in the holster?" Connelly asks. "The first thing that you want to do is trap his hands on top of the gun."
Anmar reaches out for the training toy gun in the holster of his friend Mohammed Naim.
"Hit his shoulder. Keep going, keep going," Connelly prods Mohammed as Mohammed slaps Anmar hesitantly.
Like all the policemen Connelly works with, these have already gone through a typically monthlong basic-training course taught by Iraqi instructors at one of the local academies. Fresh off the streets, most of them don't know much about anything. Shurtas, Iraqis call these low-ranking cops, and it is something almost insulting — once a shurta, always a shurta. Connelly's job is to teach them a few more basic techniques: how to investigate, how to subdue suspects on the ground. Everyone in this group is a shurta, except for Sa'don Mutlek, the senior trainer at the Patrol Police Headquarters.
"Let me show you something," Sa'don says when the RedMan exercise is over. He orders Anmar to pick up one of the toy guns and hold him at gunpoint. Anmar obeys. Then, with a sudden lightning-fast motion of his palm, Sa'don pushes the gun aside and throws Anmar to the ground, wrenching the boy's arm so hard that at first it seems he has broken it.
Sa'don looks smugly around. Nice, no?
In his forties, with silvery hair and a black mustache accentuated by a clean-shaven cleft chin, Sa'don resembles a man who could be either a war hero or a war criminal, depending. Although his rank is commissioner, he wears a U. S. Army sergeant major patch, and everybody addresses him as "Sergeant Major." He's short and fit, with the build of an anvil, a sharp contrast with other Iraqi cops, who are either too chubby or too gaunt for the job. He's obsessed with muay Thai boxing and all sorts of martial arts that involve breaking large stacks of bricks in front of large audiences. He can draw his gun in less than a second and hit a soda can sixty feet away, then clear the shell from the chamber and catch it midair. Before the American invasion, he worked as security detail for government VIPs.
"Do it again," a voice yells from the sidelines. People are standing in a circle now, forming a small arena, like spectators at a street fight. The Americans have all taken out their fancy video cameras; the Iraqis shoot with their cell phones.
Beat up but still obedient, Anmar picks up the toy gun again and points it at Sa'don. In the next second he's lying down on the ground, his face contorted. Satisfied with his performance, Sa'don takes out a pack of Gitanes from the side pocket of his fatigues and lights up a cigarette.
Sa'don is good, a cop to the bone. What very few people know is that a few years ago U. S. troops shot dead his nine-year-old son while he was playing with a toy gun out in the street. Afterward they wanted to compensate him, but Sa'don refused. So many Iraqis had died in this war that he wasn't sure whom to blame anymore. Plus, he really liked the Americans, despite the tragedy he had suffered. He thought of them as efficient and professional, not unlike himself. If he could choose, he would have liked Iraq to become the fifty-first state. "Americans really know their stuff," he says. "If they were left alone, they could really build up this place."
He takes a deep puff from his cigarette. From where Sa'don stands, he can see the piles of blown-up cars that mark the entrance to the police station. He's told his Iraqi bosses many times that the blown-up cars are bad for morale, that they should be moved. But nobody listens. Instead, they say they're needed for spare parts. But everyone — Iraqi and American — knows that's half the truth. They keep stacking the disabled cars here so they won't be taken off the books and the Ministry of the Interior will keep paying for their gas and maintenance. It's just an elaborate scheme, like everything else in this country. Real vehicles blown up because of fake bomb detectors, blown-up vehicles faked as real.
The course continues for three days. While Connelly instructs, the MPs from the 49th walk around the police station for meetings with the commanders. Over sweetened tea, they play diplomat and desperately try to secure the goodwill and allegiance of their Iraqi counterparts. "We need video cameras for our crime-scene investigations," the public-affairs officer of the Patrol Police Headquarters says. "We'll work on getting you video cameras," replies the public-affairs officer of the 49th MP Brigade. The important thing is to keep the Iraqis happy for a few more months, as the Americans are retreating on tiptoe toward the exit. The important thing right now is not to step on any dry branches.
On the final day, boxes of live ammunition are hauled in from the armored vehicles — 5.56mm, 7.62mm. The steel boxes are gray, like military coffins. Inside, the sharp tracer heads are painted red and green.
"Who wants to shoot?" Connelly asks. This isn't a training exercise, more a morale builder, a show of goodwill before the students receive their certificates for completing the course.
All the Iraqi hands go up.
"Good," Connelly says. "Now line up."
"Can I shoot?" Mohammed asks bashfully. He's the runt of the group, with gentle brown eyes and a clean-shaven face that hardly needs shaving.
"Sure you can," says Major Dillon Haynes, and hands him his M4. "Go ahead."
One by one the Iraqi trainees line up and take turns, crouching, looking through the scopes. Connelly and Martin, as well as the MPs, stand behind, giving instructions. Lower your aim. Careful with the recoil.
Sa'don empties his magazine in a single burst, then runs back to the ammo box to reload. Mohammed aims his borrowed M4 at the targets in the distance and then pulls the trigger with a bit more confidence than usual. Again. Again. Again.
Soon the American troops from the security detail join in, the barrels of their rifles, silent since their arrival in Iraq, smoking. Soon hands are grabbing cartridges. The gravel tinkles with the sound of falling shells and the afternoon light turns ghostly with dust. More people shooting. Men stream from the headquarters building a few hundred yards away — first a trickle, then a dozen, then two dozen, office workers, men in plain clothes.
It takes a while for the MPs to react. At first Sergeant First Class Arne Eastlund holds back his anger. But as the pandemonium unfolds, as the men wearing suits and sweaters and sandals, smiling maniacally and laughing, continue to pile bullet after bullet into their hands, he breaks.
"We come here to shoot some lead," he says. "We always bring our own ammo. It's for my soldiers and your soldiers to shoot. But when every dipshit from a ten-mile radius comes here to shoot, that really bothers me."
Sa'don stares down at the ground, his smile gone. He lights up a Gitane and starts puffing away. He does not have the authority to tell the administrative staff to back off. He would get fired. The Americans don't understand that. They don't understand that to survive in Iraq, you need to be resigned. To survive, you can't fight the current — you have to let it take you downstream.
They come from all around Baghdad. Former cabdrivers. Former car mechanics. Former high school teachers. Former bakers. A few ex-soldiers. Every morning sixty of them show up at the main gate of Camp Liberty, ready for another day of training at the Criminal Justice Center, an American-run police academy tucked away in a shady grove of date palms and eucalypti, stone paths and artificial canals. They are all Baghdad shurtas, hailing from the various police services: Patrol Police, local police, highway police. Some of them wear their blue police uniforms, but most come to training dressed casually — they don't want anybody out in the city to know they are cops. The sectarian militias disappeared a few years ago, but everyone knows they simply joined the Ministry of the Interior.
"I'm tired of PowerPoint presentations," Safaa Abdalha says, eating a banana during lunch hour. "Every morning is the same thing. Stuck at this tablet-arm desk. My feet are starting to swell." Safaa is twenty-four, a soccer player and a fan of Tupac. He wears a blue track jacket, well-pressed pants, and pointy shoes. He's clean-shaven, with bangs parted in the middle and swirled with gel like the horns of a bighorn sheep. He didn't have enough money to marry his girlfriend, so he joined the police.
"Yes, the PowerPoint this morning was boring, but I liked that slide of the blond girl attacking a riot policeman. Did you see that?" Mohammed Yassin, another trainee, says as he takes out cold pita bread from a plastic shopping bag. In his early forties, balding, with a black worn-out jacket and a big paunch, Mohammed looks like an aging dockworker. He lived in a refugee camp in Saudi Arabia for thirteen years but decided to return triumphantly to Iraq after the fall of Saddam. Instead, he was caught in the sectarian wars, his sister murdered. He ended up squatting in Baghdad with his wife and two daughters — a refugee in his own country.
Safaa has been a cop for four years now, and Mohammed for only two, but much of the training at the CJC is new to them. The three-week basic course includes everything from Iraqi law and first aid to counter-IED and 9mm-pistol training. But like most other trainees here, Safaa and Mohammed don't really care. What's the point of being a good cop when being a good cop is precisely what can get you killed in Iraq? It's not that they don't know right from wrong. But better to stay behind, have a longer life.
"I wish they'd pay us more," Mohammed says.
"Me, too," says Safaa, cleaning his fingernails with his day-worker pass.
"I need to feed a family, you know."
"Me, too," says Safaa, making sure nobody else is listening.
Mohammed smiles. "And to serve my country."
Both of them burst into laughter.
Across the yard, Specialist Caleb Morgan, a twenty-three-year-old MP from Thomasville, Alabama, isn't laughing.
"There are certain soldiers that are not being leaders," he says, raising his voice. "They need to be leaders. They should not be standing around talking. If I tell you to be here at 12:40, that means you need to be here at 12:35. You understand?"
The interpreter doesn't bother to translate.
"They're damn lazy." He turns around. "This is what is wrong with this country. They're here for three weeks because they don't want to be patrolling."
Fifteen minutes later, law and order is finally restored. Safaa and Mohammed, together with a few others, get in line. Because the class is too large, Morgan takes some of his students for "cell extraction" training in the old detention facilities, and leaves the rest for shield-and-baton training in the yard with his partners from the 217th MP Company.
Private First Class John-Warren Spears, with his eyes hidden behind shades and a thick southern drawl obscured even more by his constant gum-chewing, is an enigma. He likes to talk about fancy weapons, like the katana, and how good he is at handling them. Now, twirling the baton, he surveys the Iraqi trainees behind their transparent shields, smiling at him, waiting for instructions.
Specialist Cale Ransom, a gentle and courteous guy, is starting to get nervous. "Spears, do you know how to do this shield training?"
"Honestly, I've never been shield training until today."
"I only had a couple of days."
"I was never trained to shield. I'll be honest."
This is Spears's first time in Iraq, and he hates it. He thought he was coming here to get into firefights with some hajis, to get some, but instead he got stuck teaching the hajis how to hold a shield and wield a baton — stuff he himself knows little about. Last Christmas he decorated his room with a pennant that reads PRAY FOR WAR, yet his prayers haven't been answered.
The Iraqi cops look puzzled.
"Okay, I'll do it, I'll do it," Staff Sergeant Kenneth Hollis, the representative supervisor, steps in. He spits out a wad of tobacco juice, takes a baton, and begins to walk up and down. "Let's pretend I'm a bad guy and you need to push me out of the crowd," he tells the trainees hiding behind their transparent riot shields. "I want you to form a straight line, put the shields together, and advance towards me and push me back."
Hollis, a stiff and hard-faced Alabaman in his forties, seems to know how to handle his trainees. This is his third tour, and by now he understands that the biggest problem is the lack of teamwork among the Iraqis. Slowly, he tries to tell them how to stand together, how to interlock shields.
The Iraqis all huddle together, clinking merrily their riot shields like champagne flutes.
"I don't use a shield," Spears mutters quietly to himself on the sidelines. "I'll just shoot you, I'll just shoot you," he repeats, chewing angrily. "Whenever you use riot shields at home, it's a bad day. It's mainly just the lowest people who hold the shields while we shoot tear gas at everyone else."
At that moment the trainees from a SWAT class storm into the yard with their brownish toy M4s, shouting. There are about ten or so of them, almost a small squad. In their jeans and shiny blue jackets, they look like real insurgents. Their faces express joy, a peculiar sort of ecstasy. Allahu Akbar!God is great! Their day-worker passes twirl in the wind as they run. DynCorp contractors and MPs encourage them in the back, like generals. Go! Go! Go! In a few seconds they fill up the yard and clear every corner, making sure that their imaginary enemy is not hiding anywhere. Clear! Clear! Clear!
Hollis and Spears and Ransom try to ignore them at first. Now raise the shields over your heads. Now lower them down. Safaa and the other trainees, looking out from behind the transparent shields, as if underwater, try to keep straight faces. But the effort is useless. Soon they too are out of control. The two armies have finally met on the battlefield.
Posters are everywhere: pasted on gray blast walls, on trees, hanging from electric poles, from barbed wire. With his fist raised, amid his own posters, Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki greets his supporters at a rally. "We worked hard to build the state," he bellows into the microphone. "We will not lose it to the whims and caprices of those who want to seize power."
A few miles away Brigadier General Donald Currier has taken a seat on his office couch — a guest on his own talk show. The topic today is whether the Iraqi police are prepared to take over once the Americans break camp. His answer is political, equivocal: Maybe. "Iraqi Police's future success will be dependent on the selflessness of the political leaders, not of the tactical leaders," he says. "The tactical leaders are sound. The question is whether they'll get the direction that they need from the political leaders. That's an open question in my mind."
Currier's office unit stands adrift in a barren moonscape of dirt and gravel on the northern side of Camp Liberty, a stone's throw away from the lush surroundings of the CJC. As head of the 49th Military Police Brigade, based in California, Currier is the commander of more than seven thousand troops charged with Iraqi police training and detainee operations as well as local Police Transition Teams throughout the country, from the Kurdish north to the Shiite south.
Years ago, he was a regular shurta in Sacramento, a point of pride. He is fiercely eloquent, his voice always measured and modulated. His short-cropped grizzled hair and grizzled mustache are almost of a piece with his grizzled, pixelated fatigues. In keeping with his civilian job as California's chief deputy inspector general, he does not shrink from examining frankly past mistakes, American and Iraqi. He likes to tell stories to illustrate his points.
"We did terribly wasteful things," Currier says, referring to his first tour as deputy commander in 2005 and 2006, when the Iraqi police were in such poor shape, so undisciplined, that they would buy new Glocks and the next day the Glocks would end up on the black market. Cops would desert and join militias or get killed in scores. Meanwhile, private contractors were sitting around in provincial Iraqi towns, sipping tea and siphoning off millions of dollars for this or that fiction. "One of the contributing causes for that was that we had a lot of money but not a whole lot of oversight."
Security varies from region to region, but Iraq is a safer country today than what it used to be just two years ago. "The police are so much better than before," he says, leaning back comfortably. "Before we just talked of terrorism and how to get rid of the really bad guys. Now we have some space for civilian law enforcement. The best thing is the Iraqis' acknowledgment of their responsibilities."
But Currier also knows that he is trying to build a police force on already flawed foundations. "Our fundamental mistake was that we had a window of opportunity to mold this society, and we punted it," Currier says with a level voice, just stating the simple facts. "I understand there are questions of national sovereignty involved, but the Iraqis were simply not ready to take over. We said to them, 'It's your problem, you deal with it.' So now the only practical solution is to follow the Iraqi model."
He explains that in the Iraqi model, the police are seen by Iraqi politicians as a lever of power rather than a tool of public safety. It's a culture that breeds corruption from the top down. The Americans could train a hundred thousand more cops, a million before they leave for good, yet numbers would remain meaningless if national and local leaders continue to use the police as their personal armies to protect and consolidate power. The Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defense are near enemies, defending different political interests and fighting over control of Iraq's internal security. The new prime minister — the way he shapes the government once the U. S. withdraws — will determine whether the police forces Currier leaves behind will succeed or fail.
Two weeks later, the seventh of March, Election Day. The Iraqi Army drives down the streets in armored personnel carriers, turret gunners nervously scanning the surroundings with .50-caliber machine guns. A vehicle curfew for civilians has been imposed and Baghdad looks nightmarishly empty. The poster faces of politicians outnumber the faces of real people. In 2005, Currier and his MPs jointly led security with the Iraqi police. This time the Iraqi police are supposed to stand alone, with the 49th troops in reserve.
Currier climbs into an MRAP command vehicle and heads for Baghdad's Provincial Directorate of Police, the center of operations, where he observes the police coordination firsthand. His Blue Force Tracker computer shows a map of Baghdad: Friendlies are marked in blue, significant attacks marked in red. Beginning at eight in the morning, every five minutes or so there is an explosion in the distance. By noon, however, the situation calms down. Most of the bombs have been small, explosives packed in water bottles to produce extra noise and scare voters away. And as the day progresses, the booms become more and more sporadic, eventually trickling into silence. It feels as if a great thunderstorm has passed and the sky is clear once again. In spite of the dangers, voters came out in large numbers: 62 percent of them cast ballots. And Currier did not have to send American troops into the city streets. No dry branches were broken.
Yet months later, the leadership of the Iraqi government remains unresolved. Nuri al-Maliki and his main opponent for prime minister, Ayad Allawi, came within a hair's breadth of each other, neither of them able to claim a clear majority. The one undeniable result is that within days of the disputed election, bombs begin ripping through cities on a regular basis. Nearly seven hundred people killed in two months.
In late May, Currier is on the phone in his office. It is midnight in Baghdad. The day before, a pickup truck driven by a suicide bomber rammed into a commercial strip in Diyala province. The roof of a cafÇ collapsed, shops caught fire, and some of the people trapped inside burned alive. Rumors circulated that the cops at a checkpoint had been bribed.
"The security plan is a total failure. [The police] do not protect the citizens at all," Sadiq al-Husseini, the deputy chairman of the Diyala provincial council, told a journalist.
Currier remains stoic. "The capability of the police has not changed," he says. "They continue to improve, but it has been difficult for them operationally, because the longer the government goes without having been seated, the more difficult it is for them to respond to the proper political authorities." His voice is less assertive than it was a few months before. He's talking with greater deliberation than usual. "It's a slow road when you're trying to put a country together," he continues. "I think we have a lot to be encouraged about. But we're not overly optimistic. The Iraqis could fail..."
He pauses, as if visualizing the words, then snaps back. "We set them up for success. We gave them the tools they need to succeed, and they're going in the right direction, but it's really time for us to leave. I hope and I believe that the Iraqis are going to make it."
Another pause.
"But they might not," he says. "There's always that chance. But we'll always know that we did what we could for them."
Behind Currier, on this late May night, flags flank his desk. Next to Old Glory stands the flag of the California Republic. It depicts a California grizzly bear walking westward. In a few months, the flags will be carefully rolled up and shipped back home with everything else.
The al-Resala police station, in the dangerous Abu Ghraib district just west of Baghdad, on the highway to Fallujah, is a drab brownish three-story building surrounded by twelve-foot blast walls topped with concertina wire. With round guard towers at each corner, all of them painted baby blue, it looks like the medieval fortress of a wacky king. A mud road leads to an ocean-blue metal gate with the Iraqi flag painted in the shape of a shield.
With a droopy face and a droopy voice, his bushy eyebrows nearly covering his eyes and his bushy mustache nearly covering his mouth, the chief of the police station, Major Faysah, seems like a man constantly on the verge of falling asleep under the weight of his own thoughts. He looks wearily at the American airmen from the 732nd Expeditionary Security Forces Squadron lounging on the couches across from him.
"So nobody has targeted you recently?" Technical Sergeant Rafael Melendez, the team leader, asks. He's robust and dashing, with a pencil mustache.
"No," says the major.
"Is there anything that you need right now?"
"Right now it's fine. If we need your assistance, we'll tell you." Faysah's cell phone rings and he answers it.
"So what are the biggest problems at your police station?" another person from the team ventures to ask after the major hangs up five minutes later.
"We have two kinds of IPs. The IPs who used to be police officers during the former regime: They are professional officers because they went through three years of training. And then we have the ones who joined after the fall of the former regime: They went through one month of training and that training was not good enough. That's why we're asking the coalition forces to help us."
Faysah speaks with great deliberation. He opens his mouth and closes it, and only then the words hit his audience, like the distant rumble of thunder after lightning.
"And has the coalition training been helpful?"
Finally, his answer arrives.
"Yes, it's been helpful. But, frankly, I want to tell you that most of the IPs who joined after the fall of Saddam are uneducated, they know nothing about Iraqi law, and they don't get the full benefit from the training because when our ministry decided to hire IPs, they focused on the quantity, not on the quality. The lack of education is the greatest problem."
Outside in the muddy yard, before leaving for a joint foot patrol, Major Faysah orders twelve cops to stand in formation while Senior Airman Jensen Caldwell reads out to them a lesson in professional ethics.
The Iraqi cops, dressed in an assortment of dark-blue fatigues and light-blue shirts, some wearing berets and others baseball caps with POLICE written out in English and Arabic, are standing at parade rest, hands interlocked behind their backs.
"Individual values. Values are the ideas and concepts that we hold important... Our daily decisions are guided by a set of values..."
Standing in front of them, in full gear, with his blue helmet light throwing a faint glow on an open white binder in his hands, Caldwell looks like a medieval monk studying the Scriptures by candlelight. His nose is a bit stuffy with a cold and his voice sounds nasal. He stumbles over some of the words in the darkness.
"Values are developed from internal and external sources. Internal: life experiences, self-study, and examination of individual sense of what is right and what is wrong..."
The interpreter is struggling to keep up. A few policemen start shifting their legs, and some of them can't suppress a yawn. An Iraqi pop song comes blaring in from somewhere in the formation. One of the cops reaches into his pocket and takes out his cell phone. Marhaba. Hello. Caldwell turns the page.
"The same people who enforce the law, the police service, must also obey the law and maintain the respect of the public..."
From far out in the distance, faintly, arrives the night call to prayer. Allahu Akbar. Allahu Akbar. Allahu Akbar. Allahu Akbar. God is great. God is great. God is great. God is great. Caldwell turns to the next page, raising his voice slightly until the lesson is over. The crescent moon has climbed up higher in the sky. The joint foot patrol can now begin.
Among fields of trash where feral dogs snarl at one another and fight to the death, next to pools of standing water fed by open sewage where frogs croak all night long, down rutted roads where the sticky brown mud is not exactly mud, the American troops and Iraqi cops march. Armed with their AKs, the Iraqis walk in front. Sergeant Melendez and his airmen, their weapons on red, looking at a green world through night-vision goggles, secure the rear guard. Everybody walks in silence.
It is past ten o'clock and there are few pedestrians around. Naked lightbulbs, like hangman's nooses, sway in front of this or that dreary adobe. A lone shop, housed inside something resembling an iron cage, is still open for business, but the men on the patrol are not customers. The owner's eyes shine with fear when he sees the cops approaching. He seems ready to lock himself up inside his cage.
A few houses down, a pair of headlights suddenly lights up on the road in front. A minivan revs its engine and starts driving straight for the cops. There is shouting as everybody dashes for cover. Then, just before the first shots are about to be fired, the driver halts and the Iraqi cops quickly take him out of his seat. "Who are you?" they ask, roughing him up. "What do you have in the van?"
The man is a local resident who didn't know about the foot patrol. The cops open the back of the van only to find it completely empty. "Sorry, I'm so sorry," the man says, visibly shaken.
After an hour, with boots covered in brown mud that is not exactly mud, everybody heads back for the al-Resala police station. The power there has gone out again, but Major Faysah orders his officers to stand once again in formation in the dark yard. They all look tired now, bored, steeling themselves for another lecture. Sergeant Melendez, dashing as usual, has only some brief remarks to make.
"I'd like to say you did an excellent job, and you should be proud of yourselves. Keep up the great work. And have a good night." He's the DJ at the end of a long party, when the music has just been turned off and the dancers must leave.
With a brisk step, the airmen begin walking toward the gate of the police station, the ocean-blue gate, in front of which two MRAPs and two Humvees are waiting to take them back to the military base, back to the lights of the chow hall, back to the light of the video games, and, soon, very soon, back to the lights of America.
The moon is already low on the western horizon and Orion, the Hunter, chases his prey through the night sky.
Dimiter Kenarov traveled to Iraq on a grant from the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting, a nonprofit organization that supports international journalism on underreported topics.


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Cookbook:Egg Noodles
(Redirected from Cookbook:Egg noodles)
|Egg Noodles
|Pasta recipes
|1 hour prep, 5 minutes cook
Cookbook | Ingredients | Recipes | Pasta
Recipe 1Edit
- In a bowl beat together eggs, salt, olive oil, and wine.
- Stir in 1 cup flour with fork.
- Gently add 2nd cup of flour after 1st is mixed thoroughly.
- Remove mixture from bowl and place on a lightly floured work surface.
- Knead in the last cup of flour a bit at a time. If the dough becomes too dry, add a bit of cold water.
- Continue kneading until the dough is uniform and satinny in appearance.
- Roll into a large ball and cut into quarters. Overturn the mixing bowl over the cut pieces to protect from dust.
- Let dough relax for approx. 30 minutes.
Notes, tips, and variationsEdit
- This dough can be rolled and used for Lasagna, cut and used for Fettuccine, or rolled out for Ravioli. One quarter cut into fettuccine will feed four. Store any remaining dough lightly floured in a bag in the refrigerator for up to two weeks, or dried and stored in a cool dry place for up to a month.
- Generally speaking, one small egg to one cup of flour is what is expected. For a lean dough increase the flour to egg ratio (you really can't go too far, the poor use no egg at all). For a rich dough omit the whites and use two or three yolks per cup up flour.
- When Kneading: It may get tough to knead the flour into the dough when you are down to the last ¼ cup (60g). Be careful not to add too much water to the dough after you have begun kneading. lightly dipping your fingers into the water and coating the outside of the dough should be enough. Kneading is hard work and it takes the better part of 20 minutes for proper consistency. If you have the time, bring the dough together in a shaggy ball and allow it to sit tightly wrapped in saran, over night in refrigerator; this will allow the gluten to fully hydrate, alleviating some of the time and work of the kneading job.
- To Cook: Bring a large pot of lightly salted water to a rolling boil. Add rolled and cut noodles to the water and cook to al dente.
- To Store: In order to prevent sticking it is helpful to blanch the pasta for a second or two in boiling salted water, then air dry on a sheet. Finally, dust the noodles with rice flour or corn starch to store. Refrigerator for 5-7 days, or freeze 6 mos. to a year.
- Non-Alcoholic Variation: ½ cup (120ml) of water can be used in place of the wine
- Egg Noodles: 3 eggs can be substituted for ½ cup (120ml) of white wine to make egg noodles.
Recipe 2Edit
- 3 egg yolks
- 1 whole egg
- 1 teaspoon salt
- dash of pepper
- 80ml (¼ cup) water
- 580ml (2 cups) flour
- 1-2 teaspoon of olive oil
- In a bowl beat together egg yolks, egg, salt, and pepper.
- Stir in water.
- Stir in flour.
- Knead into ball.
- Roll out on a floured surface until 2 mm to 4 mm (1/16" to ⅛") thick.
- Cut into noodles 6 mm (¼") wide.
- Bring water to a boil in a pot, add oil.
- Add noodles to a boiling water, and cook until done.
Recipe 3Edit
- On a smooth surface, heap flour. Push a hole in the center of the flour (it should look like a volcano). Break egg into flour (add oil now if you choose to do so - it will change the flavor and texture). Either knead with hands or mix with a fork. Slowly add water one teaspoon at a time while kneading the dough. You probably will not need all six tablespoons of water (though you may possibly need more). Knead dough until it has a consistent texture.
Shaping (Manual)Edit
- Divide dough into manageable sections. Select one section at a time and keep the rest covered. Roll each section to desired thickness and cut into noodles with a knife.
Shaping (Pasta Machine)Edit
- Divide dough into manageable sections. Select one section at a time and keep the rest covered. Roll dough through smooth rollers repeatedly at progressively thinner settings. When the dough reaches desired thickness, cut with grooved rollers.
- These noodles can be laid out to dry for later use or dropped immediately into a boiling pot of water. Cook to taste. They are good with a variety of sauces.
- I would recommend using a pasta machine as it drastically speeds up the process. Ingredients can be multiplied without changing the instructions. One tip for success, the drier you can keep the dough, the better it will come out. If the dough gets too wet it will stick to itself and cook down to one blob.
- To stop pasta sticking to itself as it cooks, toss the freshly made pasta in flour first, and keep the pan of water at a rolling boil to keep the water moving.
- To make the dough more easily, ingredients can be put in a food processor. They will form a breadcrumb texture. These 'breadcrumbs' can then be pressed together to make the dough. This means the dough can be made more quickly.
Recipe 4Edit
- 4 large eggs
- 400g plain flour
- Extra flour for kneading
- Sift the flour onto a large work surface, and create a well in the centre
- Break the eggs into the well
- Slowly draw the flour into the eggs either using a spoon or your hands
- Knead into a smoooth, elastic dough
- Roll to desired thickness, using extra flour and cut to desired shape
- Bring a large pot of salted water to the boil
- Add the noodles to the water and cook until al dente
- While this recipe says that 400 grams of flour should be sufficient for creating the dough more may be necessary depending upon the size of the eggs
- This recipe usually makes enough noodles for four people, however depending on the shape of pasta more may be needed. A good rule of thumb is one large egg per person.
- The homemade noodles made using any of these recipes can be served with a variety of pasta sauces, such as pesto sauce.


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Several new features and improvements in Visio 2013 make it easier to start drawing, finish your drawing faster, make it look better and collaborate on it. Watch this short video for a look at some of these new capabilities and what they can do for your drawings.


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