text:
One of the outstanding mysteries of human history is how agriculture spread across Europe, replacing the hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Did farmers migrate, bringing a culture of plant and animal domestication that took over? Or did local hunter-gatherer groups merely adopt ideas about those practices?
A new study in the journal Science provides new insights. Researchers suggest that farmers and hunter-gatherers were genetically distinct groups that intermingled after the migration of the agriculturally savvy people.
"These results are important because they are using ancient DNA, extracted from skeletal remains, rather than sampling living populations and making assumptions about the past," British archaeologist Colin Renfrew, who was not involved in the study, said in an e-mail.
The current thinking is that about 11,000 years ago, humans began the agricultural way of life in the Near East. About 5,000 years later, that culture arrived in continental Europe. Farmers and hunter-gatherers had different dietary habits, funeral rites and expressions of material culture, experts say.
To investigate the impact of the farmers, Swedish researchers examined DNA from four samples of human remains, all approximately 5,000 years old, in Sweden. Three were from a hunter-gatherer site, and one was excavated from an ancient burial site from a farming culture.
Researchers sequenced about 250 million genetic base pairs, which is between 1% and 3% of genomes of each of the four individuals, Mattias Jakobsson of Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden, said at a news conference Thursday. The authors of the study compared this genetic information with that of reference materials from many different parts of Europe.
"What we find is that hunter-gatherers are most genetically similar to individuals who today live in the northern ends of Europe," Jakobsson said at the news conference. Specifically, people in Finland, Russia and the Orkney Islands of Scotland have genetic variants in common with the hunter-gatherers these researchers studied.
By contrast, today's residents of Southern Europe, such as Italians and Cypriots, are more genetically similar to the ancient farmers. Even in Sweden today, people who live in the north are closer to the hunter-gatherers' genetic signature than people who live in the south, who have a bit more in common with the ancient farmers.
"In a genetic sense, these two groups live on in a way, although farming is the technique that apparently outlives hunter-gathering in this part of the world," said Anders Götherström, a co-author of the study from Uppsala University.
The ancient farmer was discovered less than 250 miles from the hunter-gatherers but shows these different genetic signatures. This suggests that there were strong genetic divisions between the farmers and hunter-gatherers, which probably existed for 30 to 40 generations, Jakobsson said.
And these divisions would not exist if farming culture had spread only as an idea, the study authors said.
It's likely that the farming practices were brought by people moving from Southern Europe over many generations to Scandinavia, who lived apart from hunter-gatherers. The movement of these people spread farming across the continent. Over time, there was more contact and eventually mixing among these people and the hunter-gatherers.
That's why people who live in Northern Europe today don't look exactly like farmers, or hunter-gatherers, from that time. In fact, it appears that most European populations are genetically somewhere in between the hunter-gatherers and the farmers, according to the study.
Migrations were an important part of the spread of agriculture, but it's important to note that they did not occur in a single advance, said Jan Spora, a study co-author from Stockholm University in Stockholm, Sweden. Movement was probably sporadic and slow.
The hunter-gatherer skeletons show certain adaptations to cold weather, and the lower part of their legs is shorter, proportionally, than the farmer's.
The study adds support to the theory that the first speakers of a language ancestral to the Indo-European languages of Europe today came in with the first farmers, said Renfrew, the British archaeologist.
But the Swedish results are not decisive evidence. It could be that this one ancient farmer skeleton is not typical of all farmers of Europe 5,000 years ago – or, for that matter, that the hunter-gatherers were unusual in their group, too.
"It will need a much larger number of samples, preferably from different sites, to clinch the picture," Renfrew said.
diffusion of ideas , assimilation of peoples and ideas and culture tied to how and where you live. Nothing new. It's basic anthropology 101. A little more interesting than pot shards and broken flint, and it contributes to the data base, but nothing truly new.
One thing is certain if in fact hunter-gatherer developed alongside of agriculture, the hunter-gatherer must have sed, scratching his head: "U mean I'm busting my butt to survive while this guy sits on his butt most of the time and duznt have to go out to feed his family and put himself in danger to all those wild animals that I'm hunting." Of course, farming is not an easy job now but comparatively speaking hunter-gathering had to be the worst job imaginable. Watching farmers makes me tired. Imagine being one!
Dig up, Nebraska!
Interesting article. But they seem to draw very large conclusions from a very small amount of actual data.
VERY GOOD! You understood the last two paragraphs! Good for you!
Would that the last paragraph or two of EVERY news report on this or that "study" be the first paragraphs instead.
In saying farming seems to have spread to Northern from Southern Europe. it seems to me that the study needs to go farther since there was an obvious MAJOR difference between Northern and Southern European farming: cattle and milking. Almost all people of Northern European ancestry can digest milk as adults. That is true with only 50%-75% of Southern Europeans and much lower in all other populations. That would indicate cattle farming or "ranching" began in the North. We know that the last herd of Aurochs -the wild ancestors of cattle- died in 1829 in Poland. And we know of Northern People from Scandinavia and across Northern Asia raising raindeer for milk. Conversely, in the rest of Europe and Asia – even to this day – more goat's milk is used for food than cow's milk. The adaptation of Northern European genetics toward cow's milk shows the genetic makeup within farming groups can vary just as farming/hunter gatherer groups genetics vary.
Animal husbandry is not farming. Herding of animals has been around far longer than systematic agriculture. Humans were hunters well before they were farmers, and early groups would have gravitated toward a lifestyle involving animals over plants because that was what they were familiar with and preferred for high calorie and fat value. Israelite shepherds were not farmers; Saami reindeer herders are not farmers; Mongolian horse herding nomads are not farmers; Maasai cattle herders are not farmers. European hunter-gatherers, whose lives revolved around animals, especially herding animals, developed cattle herds well before availability of grains from the Middle East and the knowledge of how to cultivate them moved into Neolithic Europe.
Yes Nomads often rode horses in Europe and Asia.
The low fequency of lactose tolerence in southern european populations is due to mixing with non european peoples aka the Turks,Moors and arabs
This raises a very interesting question abt one's intolerance to cow's milk vs. tolerance. Which came first? It seems that the former was first and the comparison of "farmer" only may need a third factor the farmer vs. the cattleman. Of course, cattle being the reason the big football players come from cattle countries and the big-man conquerors came from those "fabulous European cattle-eating men." Nothing scientific, mind U.
In our recent history we know the same thing happened to America.. When settlers first came here they brought their own plants and animals.. Totally altering how people in America live, what they eat..The landscape. Altering everything here.
All a study like this proves is that people shared ideas..
But if you have a huge grant to study things .. Then I guess you get busy trying to prove things people already know...
Right, that is all Science is. Science tries to test the current ideas. If what we think is correct, that agriculture migrated via movement of agriculturalists, then there should be a genetic signature. It turns out this is consistent with that idea. Science never does anything other than this. So, is your point that humans should not engage in scientific activity? If that is your point, then I'd say you are a fool.
@Mary: "All a study like this proves is that people shared ideas."
Did we read the same article? "And these divisions would not exist if farming culture had spread only as an idea, the study authors said." Agriculture didn't spread because farmers shared the idea with non-farmers, but because farmers dispersed throughout the continent.
Mary needs to read the article again.
Will someone tell Mary that the "hunter/gathering" period was long gone by the time "the Pilgrims" came here.
Mary must have attended Sarah Palin University.
Native Americans gave Europeans maize (corn) potatoes (South America) chocolate, tobacco. Coastal Native Americans had farms and a sedentary life both on the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts. The Mound Civilizations in the mid-Mississippi Valley had large cities and extensive farming. Don't be so Eurocentric, Mary.
Potatoes ?? From Indians In pre-1620 America ??
You are kidding, right ??
To Ken,
No, he's not kidding. He is correct.
Yes, potatoes, Ken. In fact it was the American potato that caused the Irish potato blight that resulted in their Great Hunger and supposedly the loss of a million Irish. However, I question the intelligence of a people surrounded by water who died of hunger. Didnt the Irish know how to fish?
We need to find the genetic markers for when religious beliefs evolved.
I think that religion has always been a part of humanity, especially if U accept paganism as a religion or cult.
Yep, the brainwashing began thousands years ago, however Palin and Santorum will say it happened only 6,000 years ago.
I do believe that religion encompasses all supernatural beliefs. So, probably the 'religious genes' were pretty much there from the beginning. I don't know if there hasn't been a time in recorded history where there has not been a belief in the supernatural, whether it be a 'god' or some other crap. We just can't accept that we may be here by some dumb luck.
@ Petty Palin – True, Palin believes man is only 6000 years old, Santorum, doubtful. Most Catholics, to their credit, are not hung up on Biblical chronology.
maybe they wanted some potatoes and beans with their meat
I was thinking the same thing. One group hunts, the other grows / gathers crops. It's a perfect match. Probably some trade involved there somewhere. You know, little caveman co-op of sorts. I don't know, sounds like it could have happened.
Could have happened? It DID happen. All over the world!
Oh, the farmer and the cowboy should be friends...
Do you know from experience that yellow snow is salty?
Always go where the Huskies go
And don't you eat the yellow snow....
Frank Zappa Crapa.....great album.
Europeans became farmers because of environmental reasons primarily. Wheat was first grown in Europe. Wheat allowed the farming community in the winter to exercise their brains. They created the written word and culture and civilization. They created metal and then guns and spread disease throughout the rest of the world. "Guns, Germs and Steel" is the book that gives the reader a better understanding of why certain people throughout history reigned supreme and while the others faltered. It has to do with the luck of your place of birth even more than your genes.
The written word comes from ancient Babylon, Egypt, and Canaan, LONG before Europe had been settled. Agriculture from Babylon, and Canaan, long before Europe. So "civilization" itself was a settled comodity in the Middle East thousands of years before Europe.
AMEN! Look at Europe in the Dark Ages after the collapse of Rome and compare THAT life to the Middle East from the Byzantine Empire through Persia and South to the Persian Gulf. Look at Egypt as well. They called it the dark ages for a reason. And not because the sun didn't shine. Look also at China and India at this time.
When the "Little Ice Age" hit Europe including Russia, wheat didn't grow and people starved. The potato brought from the Americas helped to end starvation in Germany and Eastern Europe, but those in France and elsewhere who did not change their eating habits died. And this was in the late 1500s.
Good book. It supportes the article, I think.
The hunter gather lifestyle is still superior to the way we live today. I'll eat that way for the rest of my life.
How do you plan to feed 7 billion (or even 1 billion) people by the hunter-gatherer approach?
Let them eat cake!
By hunting each other??
Hunter-gathering is still a way of life in our modern world- with slight adaptations...I hunt in my Chevy pickup going to the drive through, and I gather food in bags with my credit card...
Well, it's kind of hard to build any kind of stable civilization when you're migrating all over the place following the prey. Agriculture was the basis for settlement and all civilization. Just look at the hunter-gatherer cultures versus the agrarian cultures. Look at the Americas. Besides the Mayans and Incas (who were agrarian), the place remained undeveloped until the Euro agraians arrived.
Just maybe those in the northern climes, with shorter growing seasons, would be more proficient at hunting/gathering as a neccesity than those in southern climes with longer growing seasons and variety of crops. Most of the indiginous peoples of northern countries continue to hunt/gather rather than farm. The climate does not support farming.
What you said makes perfect sense. There was no dramatic replacement of hunter-gatherer culture because it worked well, perhaps as well or better than agriculture in those climates. There should be a gradient and surprisingly it appears to persist to some small degree even in modern populations. That's pretty amazing. So are the hunter-gatherers or the agrarians the republicans or democrats? Is their a genetic signature there as well?
Well and simply put.
Amen! Amen! Read the story of the development of Russia from the 800's to the 1600's. Figure out why the Ukraine (the original Rus, with Kiev as capital), was coveted for the wheat that could not be grown along with other grains in the north. Ukraine was and is the breadbasket of Europe.
Everyone knows the earth is only 6,000 years old!!!
Not only that, but all people are the same, everywhere. I mean, if various groups from within such a small geographic area as Sweden were actually genetically distinct, that would mean that people even farther away would be even MORE genetically distinct. But that can't be true, because we are all 100% the same except for our outward phenotypical appearance, which CAN'T possibly be indicative of other genealogical differences.
Do you understand DNA?
He clearly does not.
Satire folks.
We can't really tell if the Earth is 6K years old or 4.5B years old. All we have is evidence that the Earth is 4.5B years old.
It is possible that God created the Earth 6K years ago an included evidence that it existed for 4.5B years. In fact, it is possible that the universe was created 1 second ago and God gave us memories and left other evidence behind.
All we are sure of is "I think therefore I am." Everything else could be an illusion.
So, what's your point? (My point is that some of the Creationists and some of the Evolutionists can both be correct. You don't have enough evidence to debunk either. Or if you do have the evidence, you didn't share it.)
Pleze explain how many angels can fit on the head of a pin?
All pseudo-theological arguments aside, the earth is 4.5 billion years old and we did not start existing one second ago....no really, it is, no lie.... With the whole "maybe the earth was created one second ago" and " maybe god just created evidence that the world is 4.5 billion years old", you got to wonder what kind of a conspiracy nut are you to really think that if there really was some master creator of the universe he'd be planting fake evidence just to confound us and leave us with no answers to the world. Just like all religious people, you seem to do these mental gymnastics to convince yourself of things that are just plainly untrue and shamelessly invented.
"In fact, it is possible that the universe was created 1 second ago and God gave us memories and left other evidence behind." I hope you are being sarcastic here
NASA that's a big negatory there with a lot of hogwash to dress it up. You want to talk about existance just sniff some pollen.
If the Earth is 4.5 billion years old, God is a figment of the imagination, and I will not worship him.
If the Earth is younger than that and God makes it appear to be that old, he is a filthy underhanded lair, and I will not worship him.
Everyone knows....?
What kind of argument is that?
It ranks with "90% of statistics are made up!"
hear-the-truth.....I don't want to hurt you, but there is a huge flaw in all the biblical quotes on that web site....the bible(in this case christian) quotes various persons in various times with various translations from over hundreds of years-yet all today are considered God's word and sacred...is God guiding the words of the bible? What about the words left out, or the books removed from the bible? Did God guide Luther to "improve" his original word...? hearing-the-truth seems to be a bit removed from the logical, scientific nature of this discussion....
to people in a forum held in Jaffna that If poilce powers are given to Tamil province now It will act as another para military. But what I commented was seriously criticized. The bloody elitist scoundrel living in Europe and USA wish to make another fight in Sri Lanka. Because their children will be never affected .Do you agree or not?Regards,Bharthipan
Obama 2012
Anybody but Obama 2012, unless you've liked what he's done the last few years and if you do you've been under a rock.
Actually, here in SE Michigan things are picking up. The autos are doing very well. Adding second and third shifts and hiring 1,000's. Same with their suppliers. Homes are starting to sell quicker. All thanks to Obama's stimulus plan.
Maybe you'd like some more Bush with that rock? Or how about some Santorum?
The GOP hates women.
Palin and Santorum in 2016!!! IF this happens science programs will no longer exist and the high school and college dropout rate will increase 200%! Since according to Santorum college is only for snobs.
Obama 2016! Don't worry , you don't have to vote!!!!
Clinton 2016. Your wife is voting for her.
The article is about farmers and hunter / gatheres, the sit on the rock all day and expect to share in the wealth of the farmers and hunter / gatherers lineage didn't come along until much later.
"In a genetic sense, these two groups live in on a way, although farming is the technique that apparently outlives hunter-gathering in this part of the world," these two groups live ON IN a way... editors people. They are called editors. hire some.
I wonder how much neanderthal DNA was there was the hunters and how much in the farmers bones. Anybody?
Researches at the prestigious Sarah Palin University claim this article is a hoax because the Earth is only 6,000 years old.
I'm off for the weekend. Thanks for filling in.
No problem. Anytime
Yes, that is true. We are doing research on ancient bones from the cemetery near Sarahs house, next to the church that was built in 1954. We have found that many family members buried in the same plot seem to be of the same family DNA. More research needs to be done of course, but this seems to be occurring at each family plot. A pattern is developing.
Their sample size is horrible. Nothing can be "likely" based on this
This is all BS according to the Holy Lie-ble.
Europeans are by far the best group on the planet. Most of the world speaks one of their languages. It is not surprising that they are doing this dig in Sweden, its a lovely place where you don't have to worry about getting robbed or murdered, they couldn't try this anywhere in Africa without an armed escort.
Most of the people in the world speak one of their languages because they robbed and murdered(colonize) various places around the world.
another article on how great europeans are
great at murdering and raping maybe
we need more articles on the birthplace of civilization- AFRICA
Which proves their superiority to the indigenous losers.
Bambata--they have numerous articles on the Greatness of Africa--There's a lovely piece on the last country to outlaw slavery, various Kony stories, Somalia is there somewhere, Zuma took another wife to infect with AIDS, Egypt allows it's male citizens goodbye intercourse and I'm sure Mugabe has a story in there somewhere. Africa may be the dawn of civilization but the sun still hasn't risen in that great continent.
European languages have Middle Eastern roots
No the Near Eastern civilizations have Indo european roots
The Indo-European roots are from India. e.g. Pitar, padre, vater, father.) The Indo speaks of India like Indo-China.
And dont forget that GHOST comes from the oldest of the Indo-European languages- Sanskrit (see Wikipedia).
Dick Diamond...Indo europeans conqueared India via the kyber pass introducing Indo european languages,technology and genetics not the other way around.
My Dutch ancestors went all over the world beating people up and teaching them Dutch, and I'm sure you can say the same for French, English, and Spanish.
If you keep saying it then those nagging thoughts of worthlessness may go away.
English is by far the most used on the planet, hands down.
It depends upon how you define "widely used". More people speak Chinese.
It means "used in more places."
bambta...sorry the egyptian pharoahs weren't black they were white
Actually, they were both.
Unfortunately, Sweden is a bad example of –diversity. They all look the same!
If sturdy one history Europe is south Africian area. . Said enough.
So much speculation in archaeology. I would speculate that Farming went hand in hand with the Hunter Gatherer or was just an evolution not a division.
The point of the study was to figure out if that was true. The evidence suggests that it is not.
This is obviously a race bating article. This ignores our African brothers and sisters contributions. How come there is no mention of Africans in this article. We demand to be acknowledged!
Because this is an article about Farming in EUROPE not Africa.
What are you talking about Gerald. The article is only talking about Europe. It claims nothing about any other part of the world. It's not ignoring Africa at all, merely focusing on Europe. You're just looking for a fight I think.
It specifically says it's about Europe, moron.
You're acknowledged – you're a goof!!
Really? Who's going to believe a black man named Gerald Miller wrote this rant loll We got it. Let's make black people look foolish... Nobody cares
That was what I was thinking. Not so much from the name alone but whenever I see an obviously ridiculous statement of whatever stripe, I sense that it is a plant designed to manipulate.
You are about as black as a Saltine.
I'll bet you hate just about everything.
There is a lot of archaeology on farming in Africa. I took an African history course and it was nearly half archaeology on the spread of agrarian lifestyles. However, genetic markers are much more difficult to trace in Africa because of its genetic diversity and the length of time humans have lived there. It is much easier in Europe, Asia outside of the Middle East and everywhere else that is not Africa. Another problem is that the climate of Northern Europe is friendlier to preserving ancient DNA and Scandinavia in particular was one of the last places in the Old World to adopt farming. This means the DNA did not need to last nearly as long. To do a similar study in Anatolia or Libya, you would need to go back about ten thousand years instead of five thousand.
A similar study that could probably be done would be on the Bantu expansion to find out how much intermixing and how much replacement of the Khoisan and Pygmy populations there was, but I suspect that even that would be very difficult.
JLS639, thank you very much for an educated and scientific answer to the questions brought up in the comments. It's always better to have that then people snapping at each other.
Fail...agriculture was brought to africa like everything else...unless you're one of the afrocentric morins who think the egyptian pharoahs were black...
It cant be a "race baiting" item because we are all ONE RACE, the Human Race, proved by our ability to produce offspring. Dogs and cats cannot produce dog-cats or cat-dogs. Get it?!
Try to start a Farm nowadays in the United States. Not so easy anymore.
Try to gather in the United States. It's not so easy anymore. Some shoot moose from helicopters and some shoot hunting compainions in the face, but they made it hard to survive.
I gathered (wild foraged) garlic mustard shoots and lambs quarter leaves from my suburban neighborhood this evening. Sauteed and scrambled with one of my own hen's eggs...very good! There are people who forage/gather as a hobby or to add dense nutrients that haven't been been 'modified'. The lesser known and underrated wild roots, fruits, nuts and veggies are the only way to eat non-genetically messed with due to cross breeding and accidental contamination, just get a good guide book and know what you are doing first.
You didn't tell us about sleeping outside in your makeshift tree house every night, starting your own fire with two sticks, your rain catch or catching fish with pieces of a cannibalized harmonica, Suzanne.
What's the matter? Run out of room or imagination. Which is it?
You have laying hens in a "suburban area" Suzanne? You must be real popular with the neighbors.
And did that "catch" of yummy mustard shoots and lambs quarter leaves taste a bit salty?
Heeere Fido...
Seriously, dude, you don't know what you are talking about. I had laying hens for three years on my 1/4 acre, and neither of the people on either side of me had any idea. Hens hardly make any noise at all, roosters are noisy. If you just have a few hens, people who have lived their whole lives in the city can't tell their sounds apart from any other bird, and people who grew up in the country don't care about them.


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Did you know you can sell digital copies of your arrangements and original scores through Sheet Music Plus? Our Digital Print Publishing program allows you to upload PDFs and audio samples, input important marketing information, and set your own price (min. $1.99). Visitors can easily find your music using our advanced search engine, which receives over 3 million visits a year. It's quick, easy, and FREE!
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subset: commoncrawl


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TUESDAY, July 9, 2019 — Could having kids prompt you to eat healthier foods?
Apparently so, a new study suggests.
Americans buy more fruits and vegetables after they become parents, researchers found.
"Although adult food preferences are considered relatively stable, major life events such as becoming parents may serve as a cue to behavior change," explained study author Betsy Cliff, a doctoral candidate at the University of Michigan's School of Public Health.
In the study, researchers looked at just over 500 U.S. households where shopping habits were tracked as part of an ongoing consumer study. The previously childless households had children between 2007 and 2015.
On average, the proportion of a household's grocery budget spent on fresh produce rose from an average of 10% before having children to 12% after having children.
However, the increase was limited to households with an income greater than 185% of the U.S. federal poverty level (about $ 39,000 for a family of three in 2019).
Among families that bought more fresh produce after having children, the purchase increases were greater for fruits than for vegetables.
There was no change in purchases of canned, frozen or other storage types of produce after children.
The findings, which did not prove that having kids actually causes a jump in produce consumption, were published in the July/August issue of the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior.
"Increased purchasing by higher-income households suggests further support is needed to help low-income new parents increase produce as a part of their families' diet," Cliff said in a journal news release.
The factors that led to more spending on produce after having children were not examined in the study, so it's not known if the change in produce spending was due to an increase in the quality or in the amount of produce, the researchers said.
They also noted that the study did not include food eaten outside of the home and that the price of produce didn't reflect any discounts from vouchers or coupons.
More information
The U.S. Department of Agriculture offers tips on smart shopping for fruits and vegetables.
© 2019 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
Posted: July 2019


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Cucumber Soup
• 4 large English cucumbers (about 3 lb.)
• 2 cups spinach leaves, packed
• 2 T olive oil
• ½ large red onion, chopped
• 2 stalks celery, chopped
• 1 lb. Idaho potatoes, peeled and chopped
• 1 cup plain Greek yogurt
• ¼ cup heavy cream
• Juice of 1 lemon
• Salt, pepper, and Tabasco sauce to taste
Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil; set a bowl of ice water on the side. Peel the cucumbers, reserve the skins, and roughly chop the flesh. Boil the cucumber peels with the spinach leaves until tender, about 4 minutes, then chill in the ice water. Squeeze dry and set aside. In a large sauce pot, warm the olive oil over medium heat. Add onion, celery, potatoes, and a sprinkle of salt and pepper. Cook, stirring, until onions are tender but not browned, about 5 minutes. Add half of the cucumber flesh and just enough water to cover. Simmer for 20 minutes, or until the potatoes are tender. Remove from heat and chill. In a blender, combine chilled mixture with the cooked cucumber peels and spinach, remaining cucumber flesh, yogurt, and cream (you may need to do this in batches). Puree until very smooth, then pass through a fine-mesh sieve. Chill the soup. When ready to serve, adjust the seasoning with lemon juice, Tabasco sauce, and salt and pepper to taste. Serves 10.
• 1 bunch dill, leaves picked
• 1 cup plain Greek yogurt
• Zest and juice of 1 lemon
• ½ lb. smoked salmon, sliced
• 1 3.5-oz. package grissini (thin Italian breadsticks)
• ½ large red onion, minced
• Salt and pepper to taste
Chop half of the dill and combine with yogurt, lemon zest, juice, and salt and pepper to taste. Wrap small slices of smoked salmon around one end of each grissini stick, then garnish with minced onion and remaining dill leaves. Top each serving with a spoonful of dill yogurt. Serve the remaining yogurt on the side.


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Fear and Loathing is the latest in Terry Gilliam's cinematic revolution
Could it have been all the drugs that kept Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas from being made into a movie? Whatever the cause, journalist Hunter S. Thompson's staggering, semi-fictional account of "a savage journey to the heart of the American dream" has proven to be one of the most difficult to translate to the big screen. It's taken more than a quarter century--and 20 versions of the script--since the book's 1972 publication for Thompson's countercultural touchstone to earn its own film.
Fear and Loathing chronicles a journey made by Thompson's alter ego, Raoul Duke (Johnny Depp), and his rotund Samoan lawyer, Dr. Gonzo (Benicio Del Toro), to that desert oasis to cover a road race for a fashionable sporting magazine. The tale--which spirals into drug-addled oblivion and random escapades--would be impossible enough to script, even without Thompson's "gonzo" writing style, a style of journalism beyond stream-of-consciousness, and characterized by the reporter's deranged and/or drug-addled attempt at conveying objective reality.
Most recently, the camera was about to roll with British director Alex Cox (Sid and Nancy, Repo Man). "But he managed to alienate everyone involved by deciding he could improve upon Hunter's work," says Terry Gilliam, Cox's replacement, who in person exudes an open, friendly presence, with occasional flashes of a devious sense of humor and a strangely booming laugh.
Responsible for such otherworldly films as Brazil, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen and 12 Monkeys, Gilliam was not intimidated by the idea of bringing Thompson's work to life. At home in London, the Minnesota native enlisted co-writer Tony Grisoni, and the two hunkered down over the espresso maker for 10 days.
"We started chopping up the book and sticking it together, and we came up with a script," he says from the Four Seasons Hotel in Beverly Hills. "The only way to make this work was to stay as true to the book as possible." Filmmakers often take wild liberties when adapting a book for the screen; the characters and even the plot can become unrecognizable. Aside from a few structural changes and flashbacks to create some sense of progression, the film is as literal an adaptation as possible. Dialogue is extracted verbatim, passages are transformed into voice-overs, and Thompson's cutthroat, hallucinatory scenarios become 30 feet tall.
Though true to Thompson, there's no doubt it's Gilliam's work. "It was really hard because we all felt this terrible responsibility to Hunter," he says. "We did our homework, we imbued ourselves with him and the times, but eventually we had to throw it aside and just work."
Most Gilliam films feature a valiant struggle between one man and the world--whether that world is a labyrinthine government bureaucracy or an evil corporate structure. This time, it's a man struggling with the American dream, or at least Vegas' surreal version of it. Though prior to shooting, Gilliam had only been through Las Vegas briefly while driving cross-country to escape to London in 1967, the green-felt jungle is a perfect victim for the director. "It's like Lourdes," Gilliam muses. "Except I don't think anyone gets healed there." More than any other filmmaker, he manages to convey the eye-popping vulgarity of modern Western life with the grotesque and excessive visual humor one can trace all the way to his Monty Python days. "There're forces beyond my control. I can't stop myself from portraying what I see and what I think. I don't know why other people can't see it."
Cartoonish chaos abounds, from the carny booths at the circus-themed hotel to the ridiculously un-hep speaker at the Narcotics Convention. But it's when the characters are caught in the throes of massive drug consumption that Gilliam's imagination is really unleashed. "The drugs gave me an excuse to do these, like, moray eels and lizard lounges and all these fantastic things. If it wasn't drugs, you would say I was doing a fantasy film."
Stars have sought out Gilliam in the last decade. "Which is ironic, because I always wanted to make movies without stars," he says. Bruce Willis was so desperate to prove himself with 12 Monkeys, for instance, that he worked for scale.
Johnny Depp, teen heartthrob turned quirky thespian, spent a prodigious amount of time with Thompson in preparation for his role as Thompson's alter ego, Raoul Duke. "I was very keen to work with Johnny," says Gilliam. "He's spectacular. He became Hunter. He came back with his clothes, driving the Red Shark, which we used in the film. He's wonderfully inventive, brilliant--really funny and always truthful."
And some would say campy. His wild gesticulating, obscene bow-legeddness, bizarre facial contortions, and clipped, bulldog-huff of a voice make Thompson seem like more of a caricature than the professional, soft-spoken Southern journalist he was at the time he wrote the book. Depp's affectations would seem out of place in almost any other director's film--but had he not exaggerated the character, he could've been upstaged by his surroundings.
It gets dark, but not violent. The book's violent passages--in the diner, with the maid--revealed the on-the-edge psychosis of the characters to the readers, but they're not transposed to the film. These episodes of waving knives, threats, and anxiety are twisted instead into humorous skits where a little stark violence would've been a good contrast to the general wackiness.
And the drugs. Oh, the drugs. Gilliam is no drug enthusiast; he claims never to have tried acid. Perhaps this is why the characters in the film seem to be having too much fun, even when loaded to the breaking point on chemicals. It's a farce; such exaggeration. In the book, a saltshaker half full of cocaine. In the movie--a wastebasket-full. Drugs enough to fell elephants in the book. Drugs enough to incapacitate the state of Idaho in the movie. Of course, overstatement is nothing new to Gilliam.
"I've never thought the book was about drugs," he insists. "It's a road movie. The drugs were a fuel, but that's not what it was about. It was a character piece, it's always been that. It's about people throwing themselves into the abyss to see what happens."
There are places in the film where Gilliam breaks away from the real story and surrenders dramatic power. If he's emphasized, for instance, that Duke was in Vegas on assignment, screwing up big-time--watching that thin thread connecting his incoherent self with legitimacy fray away--it would've given his excesses a larger, more desperate meaning. There's no sense that his Vegas degeneracy will affect his or his sidekick's futures. Instead they seem more like a couple run-o'-the-mill drug fiends, bingeing for the hell of it, instead of two lost, unhinged men trying to disassociate themselves from reality.
Still, Fear and Loathing is an incredible roller coaster, a visual feast, and enough to get you thinking about where this country started to go wrong in the '60s. It's apparent, too, that very few changes for the better have occurred since then. "The '80s sort of numbed everything down," Gilliam says. "Materialism has sort of blanketed everything. Everybody's got the goodies now--the CD players, the televisions--no one wants to make any noise. But the pendulum always does swing."
Gilliam has called the film a "cinematic enema." And since we're ensconced in the rabid climate of the "War on Drugs"--the drug use in Fear and Loathing seems lifetimes away--the rest of the story is just as relevant now as it was 27 years ago. "We're hoping it will cause a stir--touch a nerve," says Gilliam. "See, the beginning of the '70s was kind of interesting because the Hunters were still out there. They were angry and disillusioned but were still alive and kicking and fighting. But now, I don't know who's alive and kicking and fighting anymore.
"And at least at that time it was clear who the enemies were --you had Nixon, you had the war in Vietnam. Now it's harder to know what's wrong and why it's wrong and what needs fixing. I get a sense that people--not people, but people who are alive and thinking--realize that something is lacking here, and it must be dealt with. There are a lot of furry mammals coming out from under the rocks saying, 'Man, we've got to change something,' and I'm not even sure if people even know what it is that needs changing or what should be done."
Whatever the film's failings, you do leave the theater with a definite contact high. You may not be contemplating methods to overthrow the government, though the film gives you the sense that something is wrong, terribly wrong, with the world. You just can't put your finger on it. You'll have been too busy gorging yourself on Gilliam's visuals to walk away with a message. But you'll have absorbed something strangely revolutionary, and God knows what you'll be up to later.Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas.


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|weblog/wEssays archives
The Worst of All Possible Worlds (April 21, 2008)
Today's exercise: design a policy which produces the following results:
1. fills a veritable gulag of prisons with a half a million nonviolent men and women
2. feeds a global Mafia of unprecedented size, wealth and influence
3. nurtures a ghetto culture of endless turf wars, murder and mayhem
4. despite spending hundreds of billions of dollars, the policy utterly fails to meet its "official" goal of limiting the supply of certain commodities
Congratulations, you've just designed the U.S. "War on Drugs." The failures of this "war" are so monumental that they beggar description. Not only are illegal drugs still readily available, the "war" has spawned a global Mafia which reaps billions of dollars in profits, enabling it to extend its reach into other businesses.
Here at home, inner cities are riven by endless drug-centric turf wars and murders. Pushers are the "big men" in the ghetto, the ones young men and women respect and hope to emulate. In an attempt to render the consequences of dealing drugs so horrendous that people would forsake the immense wealth and prestige to be gained, the penalties for drug dealing and possession have been ramped up to insane "minimum sentences" which exceed those for rape and manslaughter.
How doomed-to-fail is this "war"? Let's start with geography. Take a nation with thousands of miles of unguardable coastline and borders, then toss in the fact that small, low-flying aircraft ensure its airspace is porous as well. Now guarantee an immense cash reward to anyone who successfully penetrates these thousands of miles of coast and border with a small shipment of drugs.
Gee, do you think somebody will try, and succeed?
Let's move onto lethality. Have you seen those headlines about 15,000 traffic deaths caused by drivers smoking marijuana? Strangely enough, there are no such headlines, even though millions of people routinely use marijuana.
The 15,000 people killed every year by drug-addled drivers are killed by alcohol-addled drivers, not marijuana-addled drivers. Yet nobody seems to make this simple observation. Every decade, 150,000 Americans are senselessly, needlessly murdered by alcoholic-impaired drivers. Hundreds of thousands more are injured.
And marijuana is so dangerous that we have to imprison you for years if you deal it?
Next, let's ask: if cocaine and heroin were legalized tomorrow, would you run right out and become a junkie? It's really not that appealing, is it, and so what are we so frightened of? Research suggests that a small percentage of any human population has a genetic propensity for addiction; these people seem to find a way to become addicted to alcohol, prescription medication or an illegal drug regardless of the restraints, and perhaps they would be better served by a policy of legalized drugs prescribed by doctors, out in the open, where they could be encouraged to seek treatment.
Contrary to movieland depictions of certain overdose and death, many junkies (heroin addicts) function in "day jobs" much like many prescription drug addicts. From a public health point of view stripped of ideological panic and fear, the legal drugs (alcohol, nicotine, and dozens of powerful prescription drugs) kill, maim and cripple more people than do illegal drugs--so what exactly is the criteria for distinguishing legal from illegal if harm, addictiveness and secondary effects such as 15,000 deaths due to alcohol-impaired drivers are not counted?
A more rational policy would be:
1. the U.S. government would buy the entire poppy crop in Afghanistan and the Golden Triangle, and the entire coca crop of South America by outbidding the current buyers. This makes perfect economic sense; why spend $100 billion on a worthless "war on drugs" when $100 million would buy the entire global crop of heroin poppies and coca leaves?
2. all drugs would be legalized and the price dropped to a few dollars per month for all current addicts who registered and obtained their "prescription" from a doctor or clinic. Marijuana would be equivalent to tobacco, controlled for quality and limited to those 21 years of age and older. It would be taxed and sold by the same retailers who sell cigarettes and alcohol now.
3. with the cost for heroin, cocaine and marijuana dropped to a few dollars, the illegal drug trade and its panoply of crime, murder and other ills would vanish overnight. The crimes associated with controlling turf and dealers would vanish too, along with the countless property crimes committed by addicts seeking money for their fix.
4. "Big Pharma" and the tobacco companies would be invited to enter the marijuana trade, ensuring quality and heavy lobbying to keep the product "safe and available to responsible consumers."
5. all the Mexican drug cartels' secret fields of marijuana in national forests would be rendered worthless as commercial growers were licensed.
6. with addicts to all drugs registered and coming to clinics for their supplies, the possibility of weaning them from addiction would increase.
7. law enforcement could stop wasting money and staff on the senseless, worthless, grossly ineffective "war on drugs" and focus on violent criminals.
8. a drug-crimes amnesty would clear nonviolent drug users and petty dealers out of prison, enabling major cost savings which could be applied to teaching the released prisoners some useful skills.
9. the "cool factor" in illegal drugs would vanish, as the appealing "forbidden" aspect of drugs would quickly fade. Once anyone can get drugs at a clinic, it's just not cool.
10. Crystal meth addicts could be switched over to "safer" marijuana or cocaine.
I know some of this will be a stretch to those of you who have absorbed decades of propaganda about how awful and horrible illegal drugs are, while hundreds of thousands of innocents have been killed by drunk drivers with nary a whisper of official recognition of the dangers of alcohol. And let's not forget the millions killed by incredibly addictive, fully legal cigarettes. Meanwhile, unbeknownst to those around him, a heroin junkie goes about his daily job, his supposedly horrific addiction bothering no one.
Yes, marijuana is harmful, and heroin and cocaine are dangerous drugs which can kill when abused. So are prescription "legal" drugs. Sadly, the hundreds of thousands of dead killed by drunk drivers and cigarettes attest to how "safe" and "harmless" these legal drugs are. And let's not forget the thousands who die in overdoses, planned and unplanned, of perfectly legal prescription drugs.
Setting aside the propaganda, on strictly public health and financial metrics, legalizing and controlling all drugs equally is the only rational policy. As the U.S. slides into recession/depression/financial cataclysm, perhaps the propaganda will give way to this one unavoidable reality: we can no longer afford the $100 billion prison complex/gulag and the failed "war on drugs," regardless of what fantasies/insanities have held sway for decades.
Addiction and drugs are not pretty, but better to have them in the open and low-cost; an immense burden of crime would disappear overnight. That alone has value almost beyond a price tag.
Disclosure: I don't partake of any drugs but wine and beer, which in modest quantities
have long been considered either part of a meal or medicinal in nature. If abused,
both become as deadly as any illegal drug.
copyright © 2008 Charles Hugh Smith. All rights reserved in all media.
I would be honored if you linked this wEssay to your site, or printed a copy for your own use.


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This recipe is adapted from a recipe that Todd Thrasher provided to Imbibe magazine. I've moderately increased the amount of onions, and decreased the quantity of brine that the recipe produces.
I've also cut way down on the amount of sugar. Thrasher's recipe creates a sweet-sour pickle, and I'm not a fan of those. I feel that the onions are sweet enough on their own, and the vermouth I've added brings its own sweetness to the party. Feel free to use more or less sugar to your taste.
You can make a cheesecloth sachet to hold the spices, herbs, and zests, and then remove and discard the sachet after the onions are boiled. I prefer to keep the spices and herbs in the jars with the onions.
I've added lime zest and fresh thyme, both of which work well in cocktails. The result is a bright, citrusy onion that tastes fantastic in a Gibson.
The recipe calls for distilled white vinegar, but you can also use white wine vinegar, Champagne vinegar, apple-cider vinegar, or a blend; experiment!
Recipe Facts
- 1/4 teaspoon whole coriander seed
- 1/4 teaspoon juniper berries
- 1/4 teaspoon white peppercorns
- 2 sprigs fresh thyme
- zest of one medium lemon
- zest of one small lime
- 12 ounces distilled white vinegar
- 12 ounces water
- 1/4 cup sugar
- 1 tablespoon kosher salt
- 1 pound peeled pearl onions (if frozen, thaw before using)
- 1/2 cup dry white vermouth
Combine coriander seed, juniper berries, white peppercorns, thyme, lemon zest, lime zest, vinegar, water, sugar, and salt in a medium saucepan. Heat over low heat and stir until salt and sugar dissolve, about five minutes.
Add onions. Bring to a boil; allow to boil for just one minute, and remove from heat.
Cool to room temperature. Add vermouth and stir to combine.
Remove onions and pickling liquid to a jar. Leave at room temperature for 1 hour, and refrigerate overnight before using.
Special equipment
medium saucepan, canning jars, strainer


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Nov. 5, 2008— -- Barack Obama cruised to victory Tuesday night in an historic triumph that promised change, overcame centuries of prejudice and fulfilled Martin Luther King's dream that a man be judged not by the color of his skin, but by the content of his character.
Obama, a first-term senator with little experience on the national level, made history by becoming the nation's first black president and defeating Sen. John McCain in a landslide.
In his acceptance speech before some 150,000 supporters in Grant Park in Chicago, Obama complimented McCain on a hard-fought campaign and promised that a "new dawn of American leadership is at hand."
"It's been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this day, in this election, at this defining moment, change has come to America," Obama said, echoing a key theme of his campaign.
Looking ahead to an economic crisis and turbulent foreign affairs, he told the sea of supporters, "There are many who won't agree with every decision or policy I make as president, and we know that government can't solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face."
Obama was joined by his wife, Michelle, and daughters Malia, 10, and Sasha, 7, and he again paid tribute to his grandmother, Madelyn Dunham, who died Monday a day before his historic triumph.
He had a special message, however, for his daughters.
"Sasha and Malia, I love you both so much," he said, "and you have earned the new puppy that's coming with us to the White House."
Obama had a special text message for supporters as well, telling them digitally, "We just made history. All of this happened because you gave your time, talent and passion to this campaign. All of this happened because of you. Thanks, Barack"
McCain called Obama from Phoenix to concede the election at 10 p.m. in Chicago. Soon after, the Arizona senator went before his supporters to thank them and graciously applaud the man who defeated his ambitions.
Acknowledging the momentous moment of a black man winning the White House, McCain said, "We've come a long way from the old injustices that once stained our nation's reputation."
"I pledge to him tonight to do all in my power to help him lead us," McCain said.
"I wish Godspeed to the man who was my former opponent and will be my president, and I call on all Americans, as I have often in this campaign, to not despair in our present difficulties but to believe always in the promise and greatness of America, because nothing is inevitable here. Americans never quit."
President Bush also called Obama shortly after 11 p.m. to say, "Mr. President-elect, congratulations to you. What an awesome night for you, your family and your supporters."
Bush invited Obama to the White House and said to his successor, "I promise to make this a smooth transition. You are about to go on one of the great journeys of life."
Obama's history-making victory was fueled by his soaring rhetoric, his themes of change and hope in uncertain economic times, as well as deep dissatisfaction with the last eight years of the Bush administration.
- EXIT POLLS 2008: Results and Breakdown
- Election Map: State-by-State Results
- Electoral College Calculator: Reaching 270
- Poll Tracker: See How They Run
- Complete Vote 2008 Election Coverage
Obama's campaign was historic for reasons beyond his skin color. He raised more money than any other candidate in U.S. history, and had to first defeat Sen. Hillary Clinton, who was the party's early favorite to win the Democratic nomination.
Americans Celebrate in Chicago, New York and D.C.
Voters from a broad swath of America's diverse ethnic enclaves and economic communities celebrated Obama's win Tuesday night, particularly those in the African-American community.
Thousand's flocked to Chicago's Grant Park to await the election results. In Harlem and Times Square in New York, Americans took to the streets to celebrate. There was particular jubilation among black Americans.
The Rev. Jesse Jackson was seen crying in Grant Park when election results were announced.
African-Americans poured into the streets of Washington, D.C., waving flags, honking car horns and setting off fireworks.
"I've been an Obama supporter from the beginning," said Sophie Logothetis, an elementary school history teacher who waited an hour to get into Grant Park, "and I just had to be here."
In Harlem, Jeff Mann, a 51-year-old construction worker said, "You can't be anything but joyful. Obama is going to change the world," said Jeff Mann, 51, a construction worker in Harlem.
Crucial to Obama's victory was winning all of the states that Democrat John Kerry won four years ago and the flipping of Ohio, New Mexico, Colorado, Virginia, Iowa, Florida and Nevada, states that all voted Republican in 2004.
Obama, 47, the son of a black man from Kenya and white woman from Kansas, served just two years in U.S. Senate before declaring his candidacy and ultimately taking on one of the most experienced politicians in the United States.
A moderate conservative who tried to emphasize his credentials as a maverick and distance himself from an unpopular president, McCain, 72, was unable to motivate his base and overcome his associations with Republican incumbent President Bush.
Obama built a coalition grounded on a base of near unanimous support from black voters, who made up 13 percent of the national vote. Obama also won nearly 70 percent of the vote of Hispanics. While John McCain was able to win white voters by 54-44 percent, Obama made inroads with them as well.
Voters shifted to the Democratic Party in this election, with Republican turnout falling to its lowest point since 1980.
By almost every quantifiable measure -- from the $640 million Obama raised in the month of October to the nearly $1 billion the campaigns have spent combined to 9 million newly registered voters -- records have been shattered.
Yet another record may fall once the number of voters is tallied. Turnout was heavy throughout the day and could surpass previous voting turnout records. The existing records were set in 2004 when more than 122 million Americans went to the polls, and in 1960 when 64 percent of eligible voters cast a ballot.
Each of the candidates was a dark horse who pundits predicted would never make it past the first weeks of their parties' respective primaries. Obama ultimately beat out Clinton for the nomination, the first glimmer of future success.
In perhaps the greatest and most calculated flip-flop of his campaign, Obama forwent public financing allowing him to raise hundreds of millions of dollars from donors contributing small amounts of money, proving that he was not just a neophyte who could make good speeches but a scrappy politician from Chicago.
McCain, too, changed course. In the final weeks of the campaign, the Arizona senator struck a more negative tone and, along with vice presidential running mate Gov. Sarah Palin of Alaska, began attacking Obama's relationships and judgment.
In the third and final presidential debate, McCain assailed Obama for his relationship with 1960s radical William Ayers and his campaign began aggressively using auto-dialed calls -- known as robocalls -- to voters to relay negative messages, frequently focusing on the Democrat's experience and readiness for the White House.
That strategy didn't seem to achieve the desired effect, with voters responding in polls in the race's final weeks that they were turned off by the negative ads and attack tactics.
The economy is nationally the overwhelming issue for voters who cast their ballots in today's historic presidential election, according to early exit polls.
Despite the possibility of Obama becoming the nation's first black president, the turnout of black voters as a percentage of the national vote was 13 percent, just slightly higher than in 2004, according to early exit polls.
The economy has long dominated the campaign, and voters' concerns became heightened when the major banks and credit markets needed a massive federal bailout to avoid a fiscal catastrophe.
Four in 10 voters said their family's financial situation was worse than it was four years ago, and eight in 10 are worried the current economic crisis will hurt their family finances over the next year.
McCain Votes and Keeps on Campaigning
In an indication of how intensely fought this campaign had been, both candidates kept holding large rallies and television interviews even as voters swarmed to their polling sites. In the past, presidential candidates have halted their campaigns on Election Day.
McCain voted early in Phoenix before heading off for some last-minute get-out-the-vote efforts in New Mexico and Colorado, two states where the GOP presidential pick had trailed but hoped to pull out narrow victories.
"I promise you if I'm elected president, I will never let you down," an energized McCain told a crowd in Colorado.
"I think we ought to hear one more time 'drill, baby drill,'" he cheerfully suggested and the crowd obliged with the campaign's chant.
Palin on Troopergate: 'We Did Nothing Wrong'
After voting at a Chicago school, Obama spent the morning campaigning in Indiana before returning to Chicago to conduct television interviews broadcast via satellite to the swing states of Florida, Pennsylvania, Colorado, Virginia, Ohio, North Carolina, Nevada and Missouri.
Obama voted with his two young daughters in Chicago before he plunged into a final round of campaigning in Indiana.
"I voted," the Democratic presidential candidate said, holding up the validation slip he was given after turning in a ballot at the Shoesmith School in his Chicago neighborhood.
Obama voted at the same polling station as William Ayers, the former 1960s radical who became a flashpoint in the campaign when Palin accused Obama of "palling around" with a domestic terrorist.
Sarah Palin, McCain's running mate, voted in her hometown of Wasilla and then joined McCain in Phoenix to watch the results.
After voting, Palin noted that the result would be historic, implying that the voters would elect either the country's first black president or the first female vice president.
"It bodes so well the progress our country is making," she said.


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Whether you are a teen, tween, or simply someone with teenagers in your life, LoveToKnow Teen is the place to be. The teen years can be exciting, difficult, confusing and emotional with so much to learn and do. With that in mind, we offer at least some of the answers to life's burning questions.
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Enterprises are finding that app management might become as important as device management as they launch mobility and BYOD initiatives. Because current consumer-focused app stores do nothing to offer the type of deployment control required by enterprises, experts believe these organizations will increasingly turn to enterprise app stores or enterprise app catalogs as a way to improve distribution of both corporate custom apps and sanctioned consumer apps.
"Just like users want BYOD connected to the enterprise, now they want an easy app experience in the enterprise," said Brian Reed, chief marketing and product officer at BoxTone. He added that he thinks app stores will become a core feature for enterprises by 2014.
A recent survey by Partnerpedia, an application store vendor, found that currently about 70% of the 113 organizations polled name the Apple App Store as a top source for app purchases; almost 40% named Google Play. But technology and line-of-business leaders aren't happy with the situation, saying that they don't like to purchase through these consumer-focused stores for a variety of reasons.
See the future of business technology at Interop New York, Oct. 1-5. It's the best place to learn about next-generation technologies, including cloud computing, BYOD, big data, and virtualization. Register today with priority code YLBQNY02 and save up to $300 on passes with early-bird pricing.


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Washington (CNN) -- Facing a backlash from the liberal wing of their party, Sen. Evan Bayh and other centrist Democrats are examining their re-election options and deciding to simply walk away, political analysts note.
"Because Democrats are scared, some people are saying 'it's not worth it ... there's not a place for my voice,' " said political analyst Jennifer Donahue. "It's looking like an exodus -- between him and Sen. Chris Dodd and open seats that look like they could easily be Republican pickups."
But it not's just centrist Democrats feeling the heat from the edges of their party -- former GOP Rep. J.D. Hayworth announced on Monday that he would take on Sen. John McCain, the Republican Party's last presidential candidate, in his home state of Arizona.
Bayh, an Indiana Democrat, announced Monday that he will not seek re-election in November. Bayh is the third Democratic senator to announce he is retiring. Dodd of Connecticut and Sen. Byron Dorgan of North Dakota previously said they would not seek re-election.
"Congress is not operating as it should," Bayh said at a news conference in Indianapolis, Indiana, adding there's too much partisanship and "the people's business is not getting done."
Bayh said he loves public service, but does "not love Congress" and is "not motivated by strident partisanship or ideology."
He cited the Senate's recent failure to pass a jobs bill and legislation that would have created a deficit reduction commission as evidence of what he characterized as a broken political system.
Donahue said it's simply becoming too difficult to be a centrist Democrat these days.
"You have so much pressure coming at the president from the left flank of the party and so much pressure embedded in Congress on the left," Donahue said. "I think he's frustrated. I think Democrats have to take a good, hard look at what they're doing to the centrists in their party and why. It's not a winning formula to push out the centrists, so why?"
CNN Senior Political Analyst Gloria Borger said Bayh "feels that he doesn't have much of a home in the Democratic party anymore."
"Just as much as we see the centrists in the Republican party shrinking, you also see the centrists in the Democratic party shrinking," she said. "I think these folks are looking for a home."
CNN Senior Political Analyst David Gergen said McCain isn't necessarily viewed as a centrist by his party, although he has worked across the aisle on issues such as immigration and campaign financing, namely the McCain-Feingold bill.
Hayworth, at a news conference in Phoenix, Arizona, said Monday there are "two John McCains: the one who campaigns like a conservative and the one who legislates like a liberal."
McCain also faces a strong anti-incumbent mood and the parties shifting farther to their edges, Gergen said.
Read more on McCain's Senate challenger
"Incumbents are in trouble," he said. "But when you add to this that you're going to get attacked in your own party from your right or your left, as John McCain is getting attacked, it makes it meaner."
Bayh faced a wave of criticism from liberal bloggers and groups on his positions regarding health care reform and the economy.
Americans United for Change, a liberal-leaning group, launched an advertising blitz in 12 states last year. The ad targeted moderate Democrats and their Republican counterparts.
The ad, titled "Blueprint," asked viewers to call their members of Congress in "support of the president's transformational blueprint for rebuilding and renewing America," according to the group. One of the states targeted: Bayh's Indiana.
Matt Sledge, a political observer and Indiana native, wrote on the liberal Huffington Post blog on Monday that 2009 was a "terrible" year for Bayh, something that was a factor in his retirement decision.
"Pummeled by both the left and the right, Bayh evidently decided he didn't need to endure any more abuse," Sledge wrote. "That didn't stop him from taking his time -- he waited until just a few days before the filing deadline to let the news slip."
Bayh had spoken in the past about his frustrations with liberals and progressives.
"The only [way] we are able to govern successfully in this country is by liberals and progressives making common cause with independents and moderates," Bayh told ABC News. "Whenever you have just the furthest left elements of the Democratic Party attempting to impose their will on the rest of the country -- that's not going to work too well."
A source told CNN that Bayh was frustrated with the Senate's inability to work in a bipartisan manner. Another source added the tipping point in his decision to retire was the legislative body's inability to approve a bipartisan deficit reduction commission.
The deficit and the overall "health of the country" have been on the forefront of Bayh's agenda. He's taken that concern all the way to President Obama.
"Frankly, I think the public and average citizens have been way ahead of the political class on this. They understand in the long run this is unsustainable, it's bad economics," he told the president in a meeting with Senate Democrats. "They understand that ... it's unfair to our children to ask them to pay these bills."
That frustration with Congress is seen in a recent CNN/Opinion Research Corp. poll.
Forty-eight percent of those surveyed in the poll, taken in late January, said they are angry at both parties in Congress, 11 percent said the anger was toward Republicans, 9 percent said they are angry at Democrats and 32 percent said neither party.
The margin of error was plus or minus 3 percentage points.
Another poll found that the political climate for incumbents is especially tough.
Fifty-six percent of people questioned in an ABC News/Washington Post survey released this week said they are inclined to look around for someone else rather than re-elect their representative, with 36 percent saying they're inclined to vote to re-elect their representative.


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Is the ultimate friend-diss these days unfollowing someone on Instagram or Twitter? It sure seems that way for Selena Gomez, who's stirring up some major drama with her recent Insta activity.
After practically taking over your feed the past few weeks, posting tons of BFF-worthy snaps with the Jenner sisters, it seems like Selena's had a change of heart. The Internet was buzzing last night with claims that Sel unfollowed Kendall and Kylie on Insta (which, tbh, we're not sure she was ever even following them in the first place), but she definitely did delete all of theirsuper-cute selfies from Coachella and Christian Combs's birthday party. Also noteworthy:Ex-BFFs Selena and Taylor Swift no longer follow each other on Instagram either.
The common denominator in all this Insta drama seemed to be none other than Mr. Justin Bieber. Jelena's Texas reunion is being blamed for the Taylor rift, and now some are saying he may be getting between Selena and her new besties after the singer left the Jenners to meet up with Biebs at his surprise Coachella performance.
More From Seventeen
Putting that theory into question, Selena took to Instagram this morning to unfollow everyone. Yes, every. single. one. of her friends. So, does all of these Insta rumors really mean Selena is fueding with the Jenners and TSwift? Is her relationship with so-called bad boy Justin Bieber to blame? Or is she just trying to clean up her page and make her feed a little less cluttered (and less friend-filled)?
What do you think? Is Justin coming between Selena and her friends—and would you dump a friend if she kept getting back together with a guy you didn't like? Do you unfollow your friends on social media when you're fighting? Weigh in by taking the poll!


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- Press Release
- Mar 24, 2023
First Global Geologic Map of Ganymede
More than 400 years after its discovery by Galileo, the largest moon in the solar system has finally claimed a spot on the map.
A team of scientists led by Wes Patterson of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), Laurel, Md., and Geoffrey Collins of Wheaton College, Norton, Mass., has produced the first global geologic map of Ganymede, a Galilean moon of Jupiter. Published by the U.S. Geological Survey, the map technically illustrates the varied geologic character of Ganymede's surface, and is the first complete global geologic map of an icy, outer-planet moon. The map is available for download at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3237/
Patterson, Collins and colleagues used images from NASA's Voyager and Galileo missions to create the map. It's only the fourth of its kind covering a planetary satellite; similar maps exist for Earth's moon as well as Jupiter's moons Io and Callisto.
"By mapping all of Ganymede's surface, we can more accurately address scientific questions regarding the formation and evolution of this truly unique moon," says Patterson, a planetary scientist.
Since its discovery in January 1610, Ganymede has been the focus of repeated observation, first by Earth-based telescopes, and later by flyby missions and spacecraft orbiting Jupiter. These studies depict a complex icy world whose surface is characterized by the striking contrast between its two major terrain types: the dark, very old, highly cratered regions; and the lighter, somewhat younger (but still ancient) regions marked with an extensive array of grooves and ridges.
To present the best information in a single view of Jupiter's moon Ganymede, a global image mosaic was assembled, incorporating the best available imagery from Voyagers 1 and 2 and Galileo spacecraft. This image shows Ganymede centered at 200 west longitude. This mosaic (right) served as the base map for the geologic map of Ganymede (left). Image Credit: USGS Larger image
With a diameter of 3,280 miles (5,262 kilometers), Ganymede is larger than both planet Mercury and dwarf planet Pluto. It's also the only satellite in the solar system known to have its own magnetosphere. The map details geologic features of the moon that formed and evolved over much of our solar system's history. These features record evidence of Ganymede's internal evolution, its dynamical interactions with the other Galilean satellites, and the evolution of the small bodies that have impacted Ganymede's surface.
The new chart will be a valuable tool for researchers to compare the geologic characters of other icy moons, since almost any type of feature that is found on other icy satellites has a similar feature somewhere on Ganymede. And with a surface over half as large as all the land area on Earth, Ganymede offers a wide variety of locations to observe. "Ganymede also shows features that are ancient alongside much more recently formed features, adding historical diversity in addition to geographic diversity," Collins says.
Michael Buckley
+1 (240) 228-7536
[email protected]
Along with Collins and Patterson, the Ganymede mapping team also includes Louise Prockter of APL; James Head, Brown University, Providence, R.I.; Robert Pappalardo, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.; Baerbel Lucchitta, USGS, Flagstaff, Ariz.; and Jonathan Kay, University of Idaho. NASA funded the project through its Outer Planets Research and Planetary Geology and Geophysics programs.
The Applied Physics Laboratory (http://www.jhuapl.edu), a not-for-profit division of The Johns Hopkins University, meets critical national challenges through the innovative application of science and technology.


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Top 5 Celebrity Hot Messes of 2012
NEW YORK – 'Tis the holiday season, and it turns out some celebs may be getting coal in their stocking this year, as they were very, very naughty. "In the Zone" has been keeping tabs, and we are ready to name our top 5 Hot Messes of 2012. So in keeping with the season of giving, we give you first ... our Hot Mess # 5!
Hot Mess #5: Cougar extraordinaire Demi Moore
"Demi Moore deserves to be on the list of Hot Messes because first of all, she had a crazy 2012," says David Caplan, celebrity journalist and blogger for the eponymous GossipDavid.com. "First of all, she was still reeling from her split with Ashton Kutcher. [Then] she landed in rehab in addition for an eating disorder."
Senior editor of gossip bible In Touch Weekly, Dorothy Cascerceri, adds: "After this debacle, she can certainly make a comeback but a lot of that comebacks going to revolve around her true, honest explanation of what has gone on and what she's been through."
But Caplan felt it was less about making excuses and more about skipping the parties."I think Demi Moore can make a comeback for 2012 if she has the right people round her. People say, 'Hey don't go out and party.' Don't go out and party in public cause that's how people end up on these lists," Caplan said. "If we didn't see photos of Demi Moore, we wouldn't think she's a mess."
Hot Mess #4: Kristen Stewart
"Kristin Stewart definitely belongs on this because she had one of the most publicized affairs in Hollywood, and it was a big no-no with the director of 'Snow White and the Huntsman,' her film, which you don't do," Caplan said. "It was very public. She definitely lost point with fans and Hollywood."
Cascerceri agreed Kristin committed a cardinal sin by cheating on boyfriend and co-star Rob Pattinson, but she thinks Stewart should be able to rebuild her image.
"She certainly has a huge following that has supported her even though she has completely embarrassed Rob Pattinson, now the two of them have been getting a little bit cozy lately and that may or may not be good for her image," Cascerceri said. "On one hand, it could be good because if Rob Pattinson forgives her then the public will forgive her. But on the other hand, it could be bad because she could be perceived as the girl who gets too many free passes and people could become very resentful of that."
Hot Mess #3: Amanda Bynes
Finishing strong at No. 3 is Amanda Bynes for her many violations behind the wheel, plus her odd wanderings around New York and Los Angeles. So will Bynes be able to recover?
"The only thing with Amanda Bynes is I don't know if that many people care about her because her relevance is not what it used to be," explained Caplan.
Cascerceri shared Kaplan brutally honest assessment: "I don't know if she's going to be able to resurrect her career to be honest. People don't care as much about her as they do a lot of other celebrities."
Hot Mess #2: Chris Brown and Rihanna
"Rihanna is always tweeting photos of her half-naked and swearing and using racial epithets," said Caplan. "Chris Brown on his own also is a mess, tweeting inappropriate photos, making inappropriate comments, getting into fights with people, so you put these two together and it's a double mess."
You won't hear any argument from Cascerceri, but she did offer Rihanna some advice.
"If she's going to date the guy who beat her up, then she's probably better off doing it behind closed doors, not publicizing it for all of her fans," Cascerceri said. "These people that love Rihanna, they love her. They're protective of her and she's going to lose them if she shows ... this bad judgment."
And finally, number 1 on our list of 2012's Hot Messes....
Hot Mess #1: Lindsay Lohan
May we present Miss Lindsay Lohan, who capped off her banner year being charged with four criminal counts on two coasts – all on a single day! Although we all wish Lindsay would get her act together, our experts fear it's probably too late.
"An overall comeback, I don't think so. I think what happens is she does a project, she's sort of on a high – no pun intended- and then all of the sudden she goes back to her old ways," Caplan said.
"A comeback at this point for Lindsay Lohan doesn't look that probable," Cascerceri agreed. "You know she's had her chances for the comeback and then she's fallen back again, so it doesn't really look like she's you know really destined for any great success in the future."


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Twitter, Facebook and YouTube, oh my! Who can keep up with it all? We've all heard about social media marketing and how it's free marketing- monetarily, that is. Where you pay the big bucks though, is with your time. The good news is that there are ways to manage multiple social media applications at once and save you sanity and hours. The bad news is that even among these solutions, there are a lot of options. So, I'm going to start with the most popular ones and let you know what my thoughts are from playing around with them. Right now we'll start with Hootsuite.
Click here to learn more about how Hootsuite can save your sanity!


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23 comments:
- Unknown said...
word up tavi, i don't know what it is.. i just feel very dull and "normal" lately. i say we should both SNAP OUTTA IT
- January 25, 2009 7:41 PM
- style-magnet said...
Yo yo yiggity yo, that first picture is great!
- January 25, 2009 7:44 PM
- camille said...
me too, kid. me too...
- January 25, 2009 7:51 PM
- gretchen said...
ohh the wonders of dylan... you should really catch him live if possible. i saw a show he did at my school last year and thankfully he can still blow your mind with every cord.
i'm feeling uninspired as well, winter blahs. spring is on it's way start looking at some of marc jacobs spring runway arts and craft-sy epic-ness.
- January 25, 2009 7:54 PM
- ren said...
Haha, the first picture is great.
I've been feeling kind of bleh lately myself, and its most likely due to the stress that is schoolwork. Ah well. It'll pass soon enough, as will yours.
- January 25, 2009 7:59 PM
you're not alone.
i find the winter very uninspiring.
- January 25, 2009 8:00 PM
- triangle eyes said...
I echo your sentiments Tavi but more so is the coincidental fact that I've been singing/listening to that same song all day.
Bless you, dear.
- January 25, 2009 9:25 PM
- lydia said...
positively 4th street used to be my favorite bobby song, but now i can't choose.
and don't worry 'bout the inspiration thing, it happens to the best of us.
- January 25, 2009 9:44 PM
- Isabel said...
That red fingernails picture is kinda creepy. But I soooooo know what you mean about lacking in inspiration.
- January 25, 2009 9:48 PM
- Gall the Absurd said...
I always used to dedicate this song to one of my drinking buddies at karaoke. The fact that she didn't get it is why I hated her.
- January 25, 2009 9:59 PM
Probably just the mid-winter blahs. I can relate as it's -9 here as I write.
Positively 4th Street - one of Dylan's best and one of the great songs, along with Subterranean Homesick Blues and She Belongs To Me (perhaps my favorite Dylan song) where the title doesn't appear in the lyrics.
- January 25, 2009 10:14 PM
Hey tavi I love this picture it is very glamour ! ( Hahahha).
So in fact PLEASE come on my blog §
I am 12 too and I think tnat you re wonderful ( really )
- January 26, 2009 12:01 AM
- Emlyn said...
I saw Bob live last year, amazing. Regardless of the shitty stadium sound, and the fact that he didn't really sing, and that he didn't face the audience, and I only saw his hat.
- January 26, 2009 2:04 PM
- Unknown said...
I'm seeing Bob Dylan live this spring, hopefully I'll see more than just a hat.
- January 26, 2009 3:30 PM
- lily m said...
I think its like a dry season I dot know but Scary fact Bob Dylan has been in every dream I have had for about 1-2 months now....advice?
- January 26, 2009 4:24 PM
- Tavi said...
Galler-Best story ever. Hahahha.
Emlyn-What a bummer! He was here in Chicago in November I think, before I was really that into him. SO mad I missed it/that he's not coming back for a while.
Lleander-Crossing my fingers for that!
lily m-No advice, but maybe you can offer me some...music-wise I haven't listened to anything but Freewheelin and Positively 4th Street for 2 weeks and when it's not on in my room (even when I'm not in there) I like spaz out...
- January 26, 2009 7:47 PM
- Becky said...
When I feel uninspired, it helps me to read. I was so infuriated when I read a recent interview with CFDA winner Alexander Wang, who when asked what his favorite book was, responded "not much of a reader" in such a glib way, as if he was too cool for books.
SO, sorry to sound like Barbara Bush, but can I recommend Chronicals, Bob Dylan's awesome biography? He paints beautiful pictures of NYC in the wintertime...it will surely inspire you!
- January 26, 2009 7:58 PM
- Tavi said...
You're never too cool for books, Mr. Wang!
I got that book for the holidays actually, just haven't read it yet because we've been given so much reading material for school. Now I'm really convinced I need to put the other books on hold and just get to it...
- January 27, 2009 10:16 AM
Chronicles is very interesting and surprising in many ways. For one thing, I never realized that Dylan and Tiny Tim were friendly in the early days.
- January 27, 2009 10:43 AM
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We all know that the creationists have been busily trying to redefine science so that they can call Bible-based faith that the earth is 6000 years old "science", while empirical research and validated theories are relabeled "dogma". But now they're going to reach deeper into the educational process and redefine "knowledge".
While most of us think that it is ignorance that needs to be stamped out, advocates of Kentucky's new unapproved and forcibly implemented science standards are targeting … knowledge.
Just take a gander at the responses to my opinion piece in the Louisville Courier-Journal which were published on Monday. According to Brad Matthews, former director of curriculum and assessment for the Jefferson County Public Schools, one reason we need these unapproved and forcibly implement standards is to extirpate that bane of all modern permissivist educators: memorization.
"Science education has moved away from the memorization of many facts," says Matthews, "and toward understanding how the laws and principles of science are applied."
That's right: students have memorized too many facts. Their heads are bursting with scientific facts. There is not enough room in their tiny little brains for an understanding of how these facts should be applied because all the room us currently taken up by scientific facts which these students have memorized. There is simply no space in those fact-crowded little heads for scientific concepts.
The solution is obvious to people like Matthews: clear all that knowledge out of there so they will be able to apply the knowledge they will no longer have under these standards.
Knowledge is now the rote memorization of "facts", and educators who try to get students to understand concepts are now enemies of knowledge. I'm sure the taskmasters who run madrassas are now nodding their heads in complete agreement.
Brad Matthews' statement is entirely reasonable, and does not warrant one iota of the hyperbole Cothran applies to it. The worst classes in the world are the ones where we sit students down and force them to memorize strings of data and then regurgitate them onto an exam. That does not imply that kids shouldn't have to master some basic rote skills; sorry, gang, knowing your times tables is still important as a basic life skill.
But you still have to understand how to apply that knowledge. For instance, in cell biology, I expect my students to memorize the structure of a peptide bond (that's not hard) and the basic properties of the classes of amino acids (only slightly harder), and we talk about some basic chemical reactions, like hydrolysis. They should be able to figure out how you break a peptide bond, without memorizing all the pairwise combinations of amino acids and how they're split chemically. Once you know the general principle you can apply it everywhere!
Also, if you're learning science, you have to learn how to fit new facts into an existing body of knowledge, and memorization won't cut it.
What these guys are really afraid of is that deep ideas like evolution are natural inferences from all the data and facts floating around in science — if you learn how to think, you'll inevitably figure out that creationism is bullshit, evolution actually works and makes sense, and that all those religious cranks have been lying to us. So in defense they want to truncate education: memorize what we already know (and even that they will tightly circumscribe), but don't you dare teach kids how to think.


text: (Photo: @charleyhull1/Instagram) The answer to the question, "When will Charley Hull get her first pro win?" is: Now! As in today, at the Lalla Meryem Cup on the Ladies European Tour. Charley, who is about to turn 18 years old, shot 62 in the final round to tie Gwladys Nocera, then won it on the first playoff hole. That's called getting it done. Congratulations to Charley on what is sure to be the first of many, many wins. See the LET's tournament page for a recap, final scores and photos from the event.


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