text:
A fact of History or just a fancy Story
A man killed for an other
The previous weeks we looked at the suffering of Jesus and how he came to an end. When he was killed, our story did not end. We got to read that he in a strange way disappeared from the grave in which he was put in.
Three days after the crucifixion, the tomb of Jesus was found empty by his closest friends, who did not know what could have happened. normally his body would be part of the world of the dead, going to become victim of decay. But to the unbelief and surprise Jesus appeared to his followers, who where very much afraid for what went on and for the reprisals of the Romans and locals.
They all had witnessed how Jesus died and knew he was buried. Today there are people who take Jesus to be God, but than they forget that God can not die. Jesus really did. He had given his body, of flesh and blood to his Holy Father, the Only One God, Jehovah. In common with all other men his life came to an end, but unlike other men he returned from Hades (Sheol = hell) were he had stayed for three days. He was not tortured over there, because the hell is just the burial place or grave, where people are place in when they die. there would also not be one reason to put Jesus into a torture place for the sins he might have done, because Jesus was the only man who could stay without any sin.
Jesus offered himself to his Father who resurrected him out of the dead and made him higher than angels, to which he was lower before. God is and always has been the most High, but now He allowed Jesus to come sit next to Him, to be a mediator between Him (God) and men.
A great miracle and reason for Christianity
For Christians this taking out of death is one of the greatest of all miracles since the creation itself, and could have been accomplished only if Jesus got the full blessing of his Father, God, the Creator of the universe. The death and resurrection of Jesus marks the central point of God's master plan for the world.
The bodily resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead is the crowning proof of the promises made by God and the reason of existence of Christianity. Everything else that was said or done by Christ and the apostles is secondary in importance to the resurrection. If the resurrection did not take place then Christianity is a false religion. If it did take place, then we got the proof of the Old Testament sayings and have proof of the Messiah ship of the Nazarene Jew Jeshua, Jesus Christ, the son of man and son of God.
In case Jesus would have been God, than God just faked a death and presented a show of His body going out of a grave. As an eternal spirit God has always existed and shall always exist, but is also everywhere at once, and not bounded to any place. But Jesus Christ was bounded to the environment where he preached. He also was tempted, while God can not be tempted. After he died, Jesus was taken out of the boundary where his body was put in the clothes. The guards in front of his grave could take care his body was not been stolen, nor that a living person would be able to roll away the very heave stone on his own.
Charlatan or madman
If all of this is somehow a delusion and if Jesus of Nazareth did not really rise from the dead, then he is either a god who fooled everybody, and let the people suffer for many years before intervening, or he was no different from other great men who are also dead. He is worse than they, in fact, because he is thereby branded as either a charlatan or a madman, since he staked all his claims to be the son of God and being the Way to his Father, and who would come back to the earth after his death.
On the other hand, if the resurrection is really a demonstrable fact of history, then not only are his claims vindicated, but so are God His promises and the promises of Jesus. In case Jesus really died and was taken out of death, we have the proof of the love of God, who is willing to bring an end to the curse brought forward by the first men. In Jesus we can find then the new Adam, or the first one of the New Creation, the 2° Adam. With Christ Jesus we than can find a new beginning of which all followers of Christ may be part of.
Then we may believe that death is not, after all, the great victor, but is a defeated foe.
"3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a living hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, 4 to an inheritance incorruptible and undefiled and that fadeth not away, reserved in Heaven for you, 5 who are kept by the power of God through faith for salvation ready to be revealed in the last time." (1 Peter 1:3-5 KJ21)
Provider of a New Covenant
Jesus had brought his followers hope to life using the true Word, showing them how they could follow in his footsteps and go through the small gate to enter the Kingdom of God. By the work Jesus had done, his death made them free. By his offering they became partakers of the New Covenant with God by which they received new life which is not like their old life. Also for us, who want to follow Christ Jesus and believe in his resurrection we are not bounded any more to our old birth coming from mortal sperm. In case we face the reality of the Nazarene man having died and being resurrected by the Force of God, we can receive that new birth which comes from God's living Word, which lives and stays for ever. (James 1:18; 1 Peter 1:23) We can get a new and better life, because Jesus was willing to give himself as a ransom for us all.
"Therefore gird up the loins of your mind; be sober and hope to the end for the grace that is to be brought unto you at the revelation of Jesus Christ." (1 Peter 1:13 KJ21)
"By Him ye believe in God, who raised Him up from the dead and gave Him glory, that your faith and hope might be in God." (1 Peter 1:21 KJ21)
Seeing the son, lower than the Father
In case you have doubts about the death and resurrection of Christ, think what reasons the whole parade would have been useful for. If Jesus is God, why did God wait such a long time before taking steps to save the world. And why did He not say directly who He really was when He would have been here on earth as Jesus. Plus how could all those people see and touch Jesus when he would have been God, because God Himself told the world that they could not see Him and live.
"And He said, "Thou canst not see My face, for there shall no man see Me and live."" (Exodus 33:20 KJ21)
When we take Jesus to be God, we minimise his suffering, his death and his resurrection. Though as followers of Christ, being Christian, we should follow the teachings of our master and believe his words. He never claimed to be God and always told others to recognise the Hand of his father in the works he did. Jesus also was fully aware that his Father, God was mightier than him.
"Then answered Jesus and said unto them, "Verily, verily I say unto you, the Son can do nothing of Himself, but what He seeth the Father do; for what things soever He doeth, these also doeth the Son likewise." (John 5:19 KJ21)
"Ye have heard how I said unto you, 'I go away and come again unto you.' If ye loved Me, ye would rejoice because I said, 'I go unto the Father,' for My Father is greater than I." (John 14:28 KJ21)
Worshipping the Right One
Jesus often spoke to his Father, whom he worshipped and told us also to pray to Him like he prayed to his Father, who is the Master or Head of Christ.
"But I would have you know that the head of every man is Christ, and the head of the woman is the man, and the head of Christ is God." (1 Corinthians 11:3 KJ21)
"And when all things shall be subdued unto Him, then shall the Son Himself also be subject unto Him who put all things under Him, that God may be all in all." (1 Corinthians 15:28 KJ21)
As Christians we should believe the words of Christ and be believers because we trust the proclamation that Christ is alive, risen from the dead.
Smoke and mirrors
We have to face it — if Jesus did not really died and there's no resurrection for Christ, everything the apostles told us is smoke and mirrors, and everything we have staked our life on is smoke and mirrors.
But we also have to be aware that there is an even bigger problem and a very bad sign we do give to those who do not believe in God or who do believe in other gods than our only One God, Jehovah. We would namely give the impression that all the sayings of the Old Testament make no sense at all and that God bends His words. We would be guilty of telling a string of barefaced lies about God, all these affidavits the apostles passed on to us verifying that God raised up Christ — sheer fabrications, if there's no resurrection.
If corpses can't be raised, then Christ wasn't, because he was indeed dead. If Christ is God he could not die and was not dead, so could not have been standing up from death, but if he would have fallen asleep, He just would have woken up and walk out the grave, no matter if it was sealed or closed by one or more heavy stones, because He can go through everything.
And if Christ wasn't raised, then all we are doing is making wise vesicles, fooling ourselves and wandering about in the dark, as lost as ever. It's even worse for those who died hoping in Christ and resurrection, because they're already in their graves and there would be nothing any more. It all shall be finished and without any prospects. If all we get out of Christ is a little inspiration, like we can enjoy the quotes from special humans or other religious figures, for a few short years, we're a pretty sorry lot.
"12 Now if Christ is preached, that He rose from the dead, how say some among you that there is no resurrection of the dead? 13 But if there be no resurrection of the dead, then is Christ not risen: 14 and if Christ be not risen, then our preaching is vain, and your faith is also vain. 15 Yea, and we are found to be false witnesses of God, because we have testified of God that He raised up Christ, whom He did not raise up, if so it be that the dead rise not. 16 For if the dead rise not, then is Christ not raised; 17 and if Christ be not raised, your faith is vain; ye are yet in your sins. 18 Then also those who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished. 19 If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable. 20 But now Christ is risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of those who slept. 21 For since by man came death, by Man came also the resurrection of the dead. 22 For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive; 23 but every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward those who are Christ's at His coming." (1 Corinthians 15:12-23 KJ21)
With the ignominious death of their master, his disciples were utterly confused and afraid for their own lives. There is no possibility that they could have continued as teachers of the Nazarene's doctrines, and even less that others could have been persuaded to follow them, in those circumstances. The people who had seen and hear about Jesus and his miracles would have joked about him and his followers which would have been fooled all the way long.
A physical body, not a ghost, returned to life
When Jesus appeared to his closest friends he proofed to them that he was not a ghost, while his Father is Ghost. They could see the marks of his wounds.
"5 And as they were afraid and bowed down their faces to the earth, they said unto them, "Why seek ye the living among the dead? 6 He is not here, but is risen! Remember how He spoke unto you when He was yet in Galilee, 7 saying, 'The Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men and be crucified, and the third day rise again.'"" (Luke 24:5-7 KJ21)
"19 And He said unto them, "What things?" And they said unto Him, "Concerning Jesus of Nazareth, who was a prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people; 20 and how the chief priests and our rulers delivered him to be condemned to death and have crucified him. 21 But we trusted that it had been he who should have redeemed Israel. And beside all this, today is the third day since these things were done. 22 Yea, and certain women also of our company, who were early at the sepulcher, made us astonished. 23 And when they found not his body, they came saying that they had also seen a vision of angels, who said that he was alive. 24 And certain of those who were with us went to the sepulcher and found it even so as the women had said, but him they saw not." 25 Then He said unto them, "O fools, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken! 26 Ought not Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into His glory?" 27 And beginning with Moses and all the prophets, He expounded unto them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself." (Luke 24:19-27 KJ21)
"36 And as they thus spoke, Jesus Himself stood in the midst of them and said unto them, "Peace be unto you." 37 But they were terrified and afraid, and supposed that they had seen a spirit. 38 And He said unto them, "Why are ye troubled, and why do thoughts arise in your hearts? 39 Behold My hands and My feet, that it is I Myself. Handle Me and see, for a spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see Me to have." 40 And when He had thus spoken, He showed them His hands and His feet. 41 And while they yet believed not for joy, and wondered, He said unto them, "Have ye here any meat?" 42 And they gave Him a piece of a broiled fish and of a honeycomb. 43 And He took it and ate before them. 44 And He said unto them, "These are the words which I spoke unto you while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses and in the Prophets and in the Psalms concerning Me." 45 Then opened He their understanding, that they might understand the Scriptures, 46 and said unto them, "Thus it is written, and thus it behooved Christ to suffer and to rise from the dead the third day, 47 and that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in His name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. 48 And ye are witnesses of these things. 49 And behold, I send the promise of My Father upon you; but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem until ye be endued with power from on high."" (Luke 24:36-49 KJ21)
John his doubts and fears immediately gave way to an amazed faith when he had entered the empty tomb. The collapsed grave clothes yielded no possible interpretation except that the physical body of the crucified Christ had returned to life, in such a remarkable form that it could simply pass through the linen wrappings and enter henceforth into the power of an endless life, like Jesus had foretold should happen! Spirit does not die and therefore cannot be "resurrected", but they had met and spend many hours with the man from Nazareth.
Pilate was given assurance that Jesus died by the centurion (Mark 15:43-45). The savage spear thrust into his side by the soldier (John 19:34) made certain of his death, "and forthwith came there out blood and water," evidencing complete collapse of the heart cavity.
Body not taken away
The disciples were hiding in fear of their lives and nothing could have been further from their thoughts than them trying to take away the body of Christ. Furthermore, the tomb had been sealed, a great stone rolled in front of it, and a watch of Roman soldiers set to guard it (Matthew 27:62-66). What is interesting about the witness of the disciples is that it is never presented as conclusive, or even as important. The reason for this is that there was no need for a human witness to the empty tomb at the time at which the gospels were written, because the witness of the whole population of Jerusalem – not to mention pilgrims from all over the known world – was that the tomb was empty. The inhabitants form Jerusalem could witness themselves what happened to the place where Jesus was been buried. In case the grave was not empty and it was not enough clear that the apostles had hidden the body they could not have made so many converts.
Several looked for Jesus, who was crucified, but could not find him in the grave. The angels had told the wives that he was risen and that they had to go quickly and tell his disciples that Jesus was risen from the dead. They told them that they would see him. When they and the apostles were going, some of the guard came into the city and reported unto the chief priests all the things that were done. And when they were assembled with the elders and had taken counsel, they gave a large amount of money to the soldiers to say that his disciples came by night and stole him away while they slept. So they took the money and did as they were taught.
This story was current among Jews from the earliest times, and we have independent evidence of this. For example, Justin quotes a debate in which his opponent refers to Jesus as:
"One Galilean deceiver, whom we crucified, but his disciples stole him by night from the tomb… and now deceive them by asserting that he has risen from the dead and ascended into heaven" (Justin Martyr: Dialogue Against Trypho,108 [c.AD150]).
The story does, in fact, persist to the present day.
Judea in 30 AD was a province subject to revolt and terrorism. It was no place for soldiers to sleep in the open: any soldiers who were not alert were likely to be killed by Zealots. It is thus unlikely that my guard would go to sleep, and inconceivable that they would sleep so soundly that a group of men large enough to carry away a dead body could roll aside the stone over the grave mouth (this itself would be a noisy operation) without at least one of the guard waking up.
More significant still is the condition of the disciples. Before the resurrection they were broken men, afraid and in hiding. Afterwards they were bold preachers of the gospel, who were prepared to turn the world upside down in order to preach the risen Christ. Not only that, but they were almost all put to death for their faith (probably John was the only disciple to die a natural death, and even he was exiled). None of them ever denied their faith in the risen Christ. It would take a group of several men to remove a body from a grave; if the body of Jesus had been stolen all of the men in the group would have known that the resurrection never took place, and at least one of them would have been expected to break down and confess in the face of certain and unpleasant death. If one of the disciples had confessed to stealing the body, we would certainly have known it, because the Roman and Jewish authorities would have ensured that it was reported. That it was not reported shows that it never happened, and that the disciples did not steal the body.
The important point about this explanation is that it would be unnecessary if the body of Jesus was still safely in the tomb. There is only one conclusion that can be drawn: The tomb was empty.
"5 And the angel answered and said unto the women, "Fear ye not, for I know that ye seek Jesus, who was crucified. 6 He is not here, for He is risen, as He said. Come, see the place where the Lord lay. 7 And go quickly and tell His disciples that He is risen from the dead, and behold, He goeth before you into Galilee. There shall ye see Him. Lo, I have told you." 8 And they departed quickly from the sepulcher with fear and great joy, and ran to bring His disciples word. 9 And as they went to tell His disciples, behold, Jesus met them, saying, "All hail." And they came and held Him by the feet and worshiped Him. 10 Then said Jesus unto them, "Be not afraid. Go tell My brethren to go into Galilee, and there shall they see Me." 11 Now when they were going, behold, some of the guards came into the city and reported unto the chief priests all the things that were done. 12 And when they were assembled with the elders and had taken counsel, they gave a large sum of money unto the soldiers, 13 saying, "Say ye, 'His disciples came by night and stole him away while we slept.' 14 And if this come to the governor's ears, we will persuade him and secure you." 15 So they took the money, and did as they were taught; and this account is commonly reported among the Jews until this day." (Matthew 28:5-15 KJ21)
Anyone who wished to find out for themselves could go down to see it; to do so would take only a very short time. Yet Jerusalem was the cradle of the infant church; thousands of people were converted there very soon after the crucifixion.
Believe in Christ Jesus
We may not forget that even in the family of Jesus there where who doubted about Jesus his task. The gospels tell us that James nor any of Jesus' younger brothers believed in him during his lifetime. It would be very strange that the early church would generate fictitious stories concerning the unbelief of Jesus' family and they would not have reacted against those stories. We must imagine the grieve the children of Joseph and Mary had with their parents and how they would react if uncertain events happened or unjust stories were told. Though with everything that happened James and his brothers did become active Christian believers following Jesus' death. James was considered an apostle and eventually rose to the position of leadership of the Jerusalem church. According to the first century Jewish historian Josephus, James was martyred for his faith in Christ in the late 60s CE.
We only can conclude that the truth is that Christ has been raised up, the first in a long legacy of those who are going to leave the cemeteries. There is a nice symmetry in this: Death initially came by a man, and resurrection from death came by a man. Everybody dies in Adam; everybody comes alive in Christ. But we have to wait our turn: Christ is first, then those with him at his Coming," (1 Corinthians 15:12-23 )
Please do read more about this matter in: The Resurrection of Jesus: A fact of History!
Preceding articles:
After the Sabbath after Passover, the resurrection of Jesus Christ
Hebraic Roots Bible Book of The Acts of the Apostles Chapter 2
Please do find additional literature:
- The Seed Of The Woman Bruised
- An unblemished and spotless lamb foreknown
- The wrong hero
- A god between many gods
- History of the acceptance of a three-in-one God
- Preexistence in the Divine purpose and Trinity
- Altered to fit a Trinity
- Attributes to God
- Hashem השם, Hebrew for "the Name"
- A Jewish Theocracy
- Promise of Comforter
- Promises, God's
- God does not change
- God's salvation
- Trusting, Faith, calling and Ascribing to Jehovah #3 Voice of God #3 A voice to be taken Seriously
- A promise given in the Garden of Eden
- Written to recognise the Promised One
- Christ begotten through the power of the Holy Spirit
- Do not be afraid. Good news because a Saviour has been born
- About a man who changed history of humankind
- Who was Jesus?
- No Other Name (But Jesus)
- Yahushua, Yehoshua, Yeshua, Jehoshua of Jeshua > Lord or Yahuwah, Yeshua or Yahushua + Jezus, Yeshua, Yahushua
- The Beginning of the life of Jesus Christ
- Jesus begotten Son of God #4 Promised Prophet and Saviour
- Jesus begotten Son of God #6 Anointed Son of God, Adam and Abraham
- Jesus begotten Son of God #10 Coming down spirit or flesh seed of Eve
- Jesus begotten Son of God #11 Existence and Genesis Raising up
- Jesus begotten Son of God #13 Pre-existence excluding virginal birth of the Only One Transposed
- Jesus begotten Son of God #16 Prophet to be heard
- Jesus begotten Son of God #17 Adam, Eve, Mary and Christianity's central figure
- Jesus begotten Son of God #18 Believing in inhuman or human person
- Jesus begotten Son of God #19 Compromising fact
- Jesus begotten Son of God #20 Before and After
- Man's plans prevailed by God's purpose
- He sent his one and only Son into the world that we might live through him.
- Christmas, Saturnalia and the birth of Jesus
- On the Nature of Christ
- Jesus spitting image of his father
- Yeshua a man with a special personality
- A man with an outstanding personality
- On the Nature of Christ
- Mission son of God perceived as failure
- 2 Corinthians 5:19 – God in Christ
- How do trinitarians equate divine nature
- Self inflicted misery #3 A man given to suffer for us
- The meek one riding on an ass
- Jesus and His God
- Was Jesus Religious
- How is it that Christ pleased God so perfectly?
- For the Will of Him who is greater than Jesus
- Slave for people and God
- Apple of Gods eye
- Servant of his Father
- What did Jesus sing?
- What Jesus sang
- 14-15 Nisan and Easter
- A Holy week in remembrance of the Blood of life
- A Messiah to die
- Dying or not
- Swedish theologian finds historical proof Jesus did not die on a cross
- Impaled until death overtook him
- An unblemished and spotless lamb foreknown
- Crucifixion for suffering
- Why 20 Nations Are Defending the Crucifix in Europe
- In the death of Christ, the son of God, is glorification
- Grave, tomb, sepulchre – graf, begraafplaats, rustplaats, sepulcrum
- Decomposition, decay – vergaan, afsterven, ontbinding
- Self inflicted misery #6 Paying by death
- Jesus three days in hell
- Jesus and the fallen angels in hell
- Ressurection of Jesus Christ
- Jesus is risen
- Risen With Him
- Immortality, eternality – onsterfelijkheid, eeuwigheid
- The redemption of man by Christ Jesus
- One Mediator between God and man
- Christ having glory
- Christ's coming
- Our relationship with God, Jesus and each other
- God demonstrates his own love
- 1 Corinthians 15 Hope in action
- Not bounded by labels but liberated in Christ
- Secret or public return of Jesus
- Certainty in a troubled world
- Concerning gospelfaith
- Breathing to teach
- Why believing the Bible
- Let us become nothing, and Christ everything
Related articles
- William Lane Craig's case for the resurrection of Jesus (winteryknight.wordpress.com)
Dr. Craig's famous minimal facts case for the resurrection has been posted at the Christian Apologetics Alliance. He presents 4 facts admitted by the majority of New Testament historians, and then he supplies multiple pieces of evidence for each fact.
- The Jesus of Faith a myth? (proudfootz.wordpress.com) + Historical Jesus vs the Jesus of Faith vs the Mythical Jesus
the term 'historical Jesus' as Ehrman will be using it is in contrast to the 'Jesus of Faith', that is that when Ehrman is describing an 'historical Jesus' he does not mean a Jesus as accepted by most christians: the Son of God, the Messiah, the Christ, capable of performing miracles, uttering true prophecies, or raising others or himself from the dead, or really appearing as a spirit or some such thing to real humans after a resurrection. The sort of Jesus Ehrman is proposing to establish the real existence of is a mortal man like any other who is born, lives his life, and eventually dies and stays dead.
most or (unlikely) all of them think Jesus was merely a mortal man like any other.
it may well be that virtually all the experts believe Jesus really existed, but that doesn't mean they believe in an 'historical Jesus' as Ehrman defines it. This is I think a major difficulty for Ehrman's thesis because on the one hand he wants to stack the deck in favor of the historical existence of Jesus by citing the united front of 'all New testament scholars', but to do so he has to include the many, many people – scholars and laymen alike – who are convinced on the evidence that Jesus was a real miracle-worker who could raise the dead, raise himself from the dead, and was if not a god in his own right the son of a god. For most people Jesus was not a failed prophet, a street-corner rabble-rouser, or a social reformer: Jesus was Lord and Savior, the long-promised Messiah, Jesus Christ, Son of God reigning even now in Heaven, coming soon to judge the living and the dead.
It's safe to say that a great number of teachers in theological seminaries and divinity schools (and I think many in 'secular' colleges and universities) believe that Jesus not only existed, but worked miracles, rose from the dead, and was the son of a god, and communes with believers from his seat in Heaven. Up until now Ehrman has downplayed this fact.
- Understanding the Resurrection of Jesus Christ (christianity.answers.com)
The Bible teaches that the resurrection of Jesus was an actual historical event. The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John all record the resurrection as true. These same accounts also record many other miracles performed by Jesus during his life. Although many have offered alternative explanations for the resurrection, few are plausible and all contradict the earliest accounts of Jesus' life.
Some have suggested that perhaps Jesus wasn't really dead and was able to walk out of his tomb after a few days of rest. The greatest difficulty with this opinion is that it fails to account for the thorough nature of Roman crucifixion. Roman soldiers performed thousands of crucifixions every year. They were experts at using crucifixion to kill people. It is simply not plausible that a man could have lived through a Roman crucifixion and had the energy and ability to break out of a sealed tomb a few days later.
- Jesus Freaks (live-your-best-life.me)
What about being called a Jesus Freak though? Would it embarrass you or make you feel politically incorrect? What actions would it take to make you a Jesus Freak? Would you be considered for one if you are just a nice person or maybe someone who doesn't hang out with the partiers of the crowd? Do you have to go to church for someone to think you are a Jesus Freak? What if, are you ready for this, you read your Bible in public? Certainly that qualifies you for that title. Is this a label you would wear in secret or would you wear it proudly?
- The Meaning and Purpose of Our Existence. (revivehope.wordpress.com)
The New Testament is the fulfillment of the events, characters, laws, sacrificial system (the forgiveness of sin), and promises of the Old Testament. The New Testament also prophesies our future and warns us to be spiritually prepared, warning others, and spreading the good news of the Gospel of Jesus Christ of Nazareth.
God sent His sinless Son, Jesus Christ of Nazareth to show His tremendous love for us, teaching us and demonstrating God's power and might over all through various miracles, healings, and even raising people from the dead. He sent His only begotten (to cause) Son to die on our behalf (the penalty/consequence for sin is the shedding of blood) and rose from the dead to demonstrate His love for us and His power over sin and death.


text:
CHAPTER: POLITICS, by Jefferson B. Browne, 1912
The tendency of the America people to divide along political lines was manifest in Key West in the early days of its settlement, notwithstanding the fact that news of the result of a presidential election did not reach the city until six weeks thereafter.
The predominating influence was strongly Southern, and naturally democratic. The islanders' however, were more interested in municipal than national or State politics, and local political battles were waged with as much feeling as if the fate of the nation depended upon the result.
In 1831 Mr. Richard Fitzpatrick and Colonel Lackland M. Stone, then United States marshal, were opposing candidates for representative from Monroe county to the territorial council. Mr. Fitzpatrick was a candidate for re-election; communications signed "Voter," "Honestus," "One of the People," etc., appeared in the Enquirer in which the good and bad qualities of the respective candidates were set forth. As both gentlemen were men of culture and high standing, the charges against them were no doubt as false as those promulgated in the primaries of the present day. Among other things, Mr. Fitzpatrick was charged with having traduced and slandered the people of Key West, calling them a "set of dishonest and unprincipled men and that the people of this county were unworthy of trust." He came in for the greater share of the abuse, but was triumphantly elected.
In 1838 the city divided on the matter of paying occupational taxes. Mr. Whitehead resigned the office of mayor and a bitter contest resulted, as is elsewhere set forth.
Hon. Joseph B. Browne and Judge William Marvin were delegates from Monroe county to the 0 St. Joseph's convention in 1838, which framed the constitution under which Florida was admitted into the Union in 1845. It is rather a remarkable circumstance that they were the last two survivors of that historic body.
It was not until 1860 that contests over national politics worked any serious division among the people, but in that year the first rumblings of the cataclysm that was to destroy constitutional guarantees, reached Key West and stirred our people to the depths.
They knew that the great Democratic party which had shaped the destinies of the nation for half a century was menaced with defeat, on account of internal dissensions, and the conservative, Constitutional Democrats were anxious that their policies should prevail.
On the 23rd of May, 1830, a mass meeting of Democrats was held in the city hall with Hon. John P. Baldwin as chairman and J. L. Tatum, Esq., secretary. The object of the meeting was explained by Hon. Joseph Beverly Browne, who, after making a forcible address, introduced a resolution on the subject of electing delegates to the State Democratic convention to meet in Quincy, Fla., on the 4th day of June.
The resolution "tendered the thanks of the Democrats of Monroe county to Hon. A. B. Noyes for the manner in which he had represented the Democracy of Monroe and Dade counties, in the convention lately held in Tallahassee."
Hons. Jos. B. Browne, James Filor, Geo. L. Bowne, Asa F. Tift and Wm. H. Ward were appointed delegates to attend the convention at Quincy, and instructed to try and have Monroe county represented in the national Democratic convention to be held at Richmond or Baltimore, or both, on the second day of June. Owing to the difficulties that Key West people had to encounter to reach the mainland, the precaution was taken to name as alternates Hon. A. B. Noyes and Judge R. B. Hilton Of Leon county, in case the regular delegates were unable to attend.
The holding of the national Democratic convention at Baltimore in June, its balloting fifty-two times without any result, its adjournment without a nomination, the subsequent Domination of three Democrats for the presidency, with Breckenridge, the candidate of the advocates of the doctrine of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case; Douglas, the candidate of the advocates of Kansas-Nebraska legislation, and Bell, the candidate of the Constitutional-Union party, and the consequent election of Abraham Lincoln-who failed by nearly a million votes of being the choice of the people came with staring celerity, and the Civil War was upon us before we realized it. The political events of that period are set forth in the chapter on Civil War.
The earliest contest after reconstruction, in which the newly enfranchised negroes voted, was the mayoralty election of 1869, when Hon. Joseph Beverly Browne, the Democratic candidate defeated Mr. E. L. Ware, the candidate of the black Republican Party, as it was then called.
In 1866 the Democrats, after a hotly contested county election, with Mr. Browne as their candidate for representative in the legislature, carried the county for the first time since 1860.
In 1870 a spirited contest with Col. Walter C. Maloney, Jr., as the Democratic candidate, and James W. Locke, the Republican candidate for the State senate, the Republicans carried the county.
The two parties were very evenly divided in Monroe county until 1888, since which time the Republican party has been practically without any local organization.
As a result of a split in the Democratic party in 1888 the Republicans elected a negro sheriff and county judge; the latter was removed by the governor for malfeasance in office, but the former served his term. At the same election another Republican, Mr. George Hudson, was elected county clerk.
In 1878 Hon. Geo. W. Allen, a Republican, defeated Col. W. C. Maloney, Jr., Democrat, for the senate by twelve votes.
The most bitter election ever held in Monroe county was that of the senatorial election in 1882. The wing of the Republican party hostile to Mr. Allen, known as the custom house faction, controlled the convention, but even with that advantage they could not have prevented Mr. Allen's nomination, had they not persuaded Mr. John Jay Philbrick to become their standard bearer. Mr. Philbrick was a Republican, but had never taken any active part in politics. He was one of the foremost business men in the city, a college graduate, a man of great versatility of talent, and his liberality and public spirit made him one of the most popular men in the city. Mr. C. B. Pendleton was the Democratic nominee, but certain disclosures in his private life coming shortly after his nomination, caused the Democratic Executive Committee to request him to withdraw from the ticket. The wing of the party that had supported him for the nomination opposed this, and Mr. Pendleton declined to withdraw. Several prominent members of the Democratic Executive Committee. who felt that he was not a proper candidate for their party, resigned their positions and announced that they would oppose his election.
The court house faction, led by Mr. E. 0. Locke, clerk of the United States District Court, and Hon. G. Bowne Patterson, United States district attorney, were dissatisfied with the treatment that Mr. Allen had received, and when the split occurred in the Democratic party, they conferred with the Democrats who were opposed to Mr. Pendleton, and induced Mr. Allen to run as an independent candidate.
A campaign committee was organized on w which were some of the leading Democrats, including those who had withdrawn from the Democratic Executive Committee, and several of the leading white Republicans, and a systematic campaign for Mr. Allen inaugurated. The Cubans rallied to his support to a man. Political meetings were held once or twice a week, and the county was stirred up to a political frenzy, never witnessed before or since. Families were separated, life-time friends quit speaking to each other, and personal encounters were frequent. Mr. Allen was triumphantly elected, having a clear majority over both the regular Democratic and Republican nominees.
Immediately after the election, the Democratic Executive Committee, which was composed entirely of Pendleton's supporters, submitted to a primary election the question whether the governor should be requested to remove Mr. Peter T. Knight from the office of clerk of the circuit court, and Mr. George W. Demerritt from the office of sheriff, for having supported Mr. Allen. The friends of these gentlemen took no part in the primary and treated the matter as a joke. Several hundred people voted, and the ballot box was stuffed to the extent of several hundred more, and the returns made such a strong showing that Governor Bloxham felt it his duty to accede to the request of the Democrats of the county, and sent their names in to the senate for removal. It was known that Governor Bloxham did not want the senate to confirm his action, and the senate, by a good majority refused to do so, and these officials served out their terms. Mr. Pendleton contested the senatorial election, and notwithstanding the fact that the senate was almost solidly Democratic. Mr. Allen retained his seat, only two votes being cast for Mr. Pendleton. Mr. Allen served through the session of 1883, but shortly afterwards resigned his seat to accept the position of cashier in the newly established Bank of Key West.
In 1884 a special election was called to fill Mr. Allen's unexpired term. Mr. George B. Phillips was the Republican candidate, Mr. Andrew J. Kemp and Dr. J. V. Harris, the candidates of the two wings of the Democratic party, and Mr. Philips was elected. He had accepted the nomination, however, merely for the influence it would give him in the councils of his party, in the event of the election of a Republican president, a contingency that seemed almost certain of fulfillment. The election of Grover Cleveland destroyed Mr. Phillips' hopes, and rather than give up the important position of head bookkeeper in the E. H. Gato cigar factory, he declined the seat in the senate. Mr. Pendleton, thereupon, went to Tallahassee and had the old contest reopened, and the senate by a majority of one gave him the seat. No one from Key West opposed Mr. Pendleton's claims at this time, and several senators who voted for him did so under the impression that it was the wish of the Democracy of Monroe county that the twenty-fourth senatorial district should have a representative in the senate.
One of the most spirited mayoralty elections was in 1877 when Hon. L. W. Bethel defeated Dr. J. W. V. R. Plummer. There was speech making and torch light processions, and as much if not more interest manifested than in a general election.
In the presidential election of 1876 Monroe county was one of the determining factors. The morning after the election the Republicans realized that Mr. Samuel J. Tilden had defeated the Republican candidate, Mr. Hayes by thirty-three electoral votes, but that by fraudulently changing the result in South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana, they could elect Hayes by one majority. Instructions were sent to the Republican governors of these States to change the Democratic majorities into a majority for the Republican party, and men of great ability, although unscrupulous partisans, were sent to each of them to formulate a plan to carry out the proposed fraud. Monroe county, which had given a large Democratic majority, was one of those selected to be contested. The third ward at that time was almost solidly Democratic, Mr. John T. Barker's family being the only Republicans living therein. The vote of the third ward was four hundred and fifty-seven for the Democratic electors and three for the Republican.
Affidavits were procured to the effect that intimidation had been practiced in this ward, which prevented the negroes from voting. The election was quiet, orderly and practically without fraud on either side. The machinery of the election being in the hands of the Republicans, they alone could have perpetrated any fraud. The third ward was thrown out by the Republican returning board at Tallahassee, and the State was given to the Republican party by a majority less than the Democratic majority in this ward.
The third ward has always been the banner Democratic ward of the county, and its vote, on the side of decency, morality and good government. Until the change in the ward lines of the city, it occupied the same enviable position in city affairs.
In 1887 the county of Lee was created out of part of Monroe county, and the two comprise the twenty-fourth senatorial district. In 1888 Hon. Geo. M. Hendry, of Fort Myers, was elected senator of the new district. Since then Monroe county has furnished the senator, and Lee county has petitioned in vain for the privilege of occasionally being similarly honored.
In 1894 when Hon. J. M. Phipps of Monroe county was nominated, a district convention was held, and Lee county sent her quota of delegates.
In 1898 there was no district convention, and the Monroe county convention nominated Hon. W. Hunt Harris, and the Lee county Democratic convention nominated Mr. Menendez Johnson. Mr. Harris was duly elected.
Since Mr. Hendry's incumbency, Fernando J. Moreno, Hon. Jefferson B. Browne, Hon. J. M. Phipps, Hon. W. Hunt Harris and Hon. W. H. Malone, Jr., the present incumbent, have been successively elected.
Isolated as Monroe county is from the rest of the State, it has been difficult for her to receive the recognition at the hands of the State Democratic party that she is entitled to, although several of her distinguished sons have held State positions.
The first was Hon. Richard Fitzpatrick, who was president of the territorial council in 1836. lion. Stephen R. Mallory was elected to the United States senate while a resident of Key West. Other citizens of Monroe county to be honored were Hon. Livingston W. Bethel, lieutenant-governor from 1880 to 1884, Jefferson B. Browne, president of the senate, from 1891 to 1893 and chairman of the Florida Railroad Commission from 1903 to 1907, Hon. W. Hunt Harris, president of the senate from 1907 to 1909.
Since the organization the State Board of Health in 1889, Monroe county's distinguished citizen, who is one of the foremost experts on sanitation and hygiene in the United States, Dr. Joseph Y. Porter, Sr., has held the position of State health officer. Key West has had three delegates to Democratic national conventions; Hon. Joseph Beverly Browne in 1868, Hon. Jephtha V. Harris in 1876, and Hon. Jefferson B. Browne in 1888. From 1904 to 1908 Hon. Jefferson B. Browne was a member of the Democratic National Executive Committee for Florida.
The Republican party has on several occasions nominated distinguished citizens of Monroe county for high offices. Bons. E. 0. Locke, Geo. Bowne Patterson and Geo. W. Allen were respectively the nominees for congress in 1884, 1900 and 1908. In 1896 Mr. Allen was nominated for governor but declined the nomination.
In 1900 Captain John F. Horr was the Republican nominee for secretary of state and Hon. Geo. W. Allen in 1904. In 1904 and 1908 Mr. Geo. W. Allen was delegate to the national Republican convention, and Captain John F. Horr in 1892 and 1900. Mr. Ramon Alvarez was alternate to the Republican national convention in 1892.
In 1886 C. B. Pendleton ran as an independent candidate for congress against Col. Robert H. M. Davidson, but did not carry a county in the State, and in the county of Wakulla he failed to receive a vote.
The politics of Key West has not been without its share of excitement. On several occasions during reconstruction, we were on the verge of race riots.
On one election day when the negroes were driving around the city in a wagon with a brass band, shouting and jeering, making themselves generally offensive to the white citizens, they passed the corner of Front and Duval streets, where Captain Phillip Fontaine was standing. Captain Fontaine was a man of quick temper, and unable to submit to their impertinence, drew his pistol and opened fire on them. The rapid report of his pistol and the rattle of the bullets on the brass horns, so frightened the negroes that they jumped out of the wagon and sought refuge in and underneath adjacent buildings. When they discovered that their assailant was attacking them single handed, they emerged from their biding places, and made a rush for him. He had emptied his pistol, but fearlessly stood his ground, when he was struck down by a stone and would have been killed had not one of the negroes, who was greatly attached to him, dragged him to a place of safety, and concealed him until the authorities got the riotous negroes under control.
Captain Fontaine was a native of Key West and a man of undaunted courage and distinguished. bearing. He was an officer in the United States marine corps when the war broke out, and resigned his commission to enter the Confederate service. His daughter married Colonel Samuel J. Wolf of the Florida State Troops, a citizen of Key West.
In 1872 a number of the Republicans who disapproved of the reconstruction policy of their party, and its affiliation with carpet-baggers, negroes and scalawags, sought to purify it by organizing the liberal Republican party, and a meeting was held in the court house for that purpose. The negroes led by the carpetbaggers assembled in force, and attempted to break up the meeting. They became threatening, and a riot was imminent. Several old time Whigs, and some young men, who had never been in politics, attended the meeting in the hope that there might be organized a respectable white Republican party. They soon saw that the hope was futile, and were about to leave the hall when Dr. J. W. V. R. Plummer, the leader of the movement, called upon his friends to stand together and resist the threatened violence of the negroes. There was one young man among them who was just beginning his political career. He had been approached by a distinguished Democrat, who expressed surprise at seeing him in such company, and his allegiance to the movement was already weakened, when Dr. Plummer made his call to his followers to stand their ground. This young man was Mr. Peter T. Knight, who concluding that a riot among negroes and sore head Republicans was no place for him, jumped out of a window of the court house and landed in the Democratic party, where he has ever since been, a distinguished and active worker.
In the year 1872 the Democrats made their first organized effort to wrest the State from the Republican party, and Colonel John A. Henderson and Hon. W. D. Bloxham made a speaking tour through the State. When they reached Key West a meeting was held at the corner of Front and Duval streets, about where the First National Bank now stands. It was the first big political gathering since 1860, and there was great excitement on both sides.
The speaking had not progressed far when someone (said to have been Mr. John H. Gregory, a whole-souled, genial, big-hearted, generous fellow) discharged a pistol in the air. The wildest confusion followed, each side thought they were being attacked; shouts of "Murder!" "0 Hell!" "I'm cut!" "Somebody shot me!" were heard on all sides and a stampede began. The women screamed, the white people scurried to the third ward, and the negroes lit out for their homes in the first ward. Whatever slight injuries were sustained were caused by persons running into each other, in their desire to escape the supposed riot. Highly imaginative persons on both sides, for many years, believed that they had witnessed a serious race riot, but it was the source of infinite jest to the distinguished orators whose meeting had been so summarily broken up.
An exciting incident in the Allen-Pendleton campaign Occurred at a meeting on the corner of William and Fleming streets opposite Sparks Chapel. It was one of the last meetings of the campaign and -statements had been made from the platform, which one of the supporters of Mr. Allen, who was present, felt should be refuted, and be went on the platform intending to address the voters when The Pendleton people got through. On the platform were Col. W. C. Maloney, Jr., Judge Allen E. Curry and Mr. C. B. Pendleton. As soon as the gentleman arrived on the platform, he was courteously offered a seat, and asked his purpose, which he explained. He was told that he would not be allowed to speak. Judge Curry presided, and after a short talk, stated that the meeting was over and the folks could all go home. The crowd, however, saw the prospect of some fun and remained. When the gentleman arose to speak his friends cheered, and his opponents shouted, intending to drown his voice. He made himself heard sufficiently, however, to tell them that he did not intend to attempt to speak while they were holloaing, but would stand there until their voices gave out, and he would then speak. The Pendleton people on the platform, urged their friends to go home, but none moved. Finally someone suggested to tear down the platform. The speaker attempted to draw his pistol to prevent this, but before be got it out, strong bands had grasped the supports and pulled them out. Colonel Maloney, who was sitting with his chair tipped back, his feet on the table, relied over backwards into the store behind him. The others, who were also sitting down, met with the same catastrophe, but the speaker who was standing, preserved his equilibrium and landed on his feet. A rush was made for him, but having gotten his pistol out by this time, he managed to keep the crowd at a safe distance. The women screamed and rushed for their homes, and wild reports of rioting were scattered throughout the city. The incident, however, amounted to nothing, and the friends of the speaker seeing that lie had no opportunity to be heard, abandoned the attempt, and all hands quietly returned home to discuss the incident in a jocular, or angry manner, according to their respective moods.
Presidential elections may be pregnant with hopes of lucrative positions; State elections with matters of polity; city elections with personalities; but it remains for a "wet and dry election" to reach the acme of excitement and interest.
As the women are the greatest sufferers from the open saloon, they take the lead in such movements, and many men rally to their support from a spirit of chivalry.
In 1907 Key West had thirty-eight licensed saloons. One third of the population belonged to the Latin races who drink mild wines and beer, but rarely to excess. Here the liquor traffic Seemed safe from molestation. Suddenly an agitation was begun for a test of strength between the two forces. Rev. E. A. Harrison of the First Methodist church took the lead, heartily supported by Rev. Charles T. Stout, the Episcopal clergyman, Rev. M. A. Clonts of the Baptist church, and all the other Protestant ministers on the island.
Petitions were circulated asking the county commissioners to call an election to determine if the saloon should continue in Key West, and before the whiskey people realized the strength of the movement, the requisite twenty-five per cent of the registered voters had signed the petitions, and the election called for November 4, 1907.
The. campaign was a bitter one. Besides the ministers of the gospel, Hons. Jefferson B. Browne, William H. Malone, Jr., Allen E. Curry, and George L. Babcock, took the stump for the anti-saloon side, and Hon. J. N. Fogarty, mayor, George G. Brooks and E. M. Semple, for the wets. Rev. W. J. Carpenter of the Methodist Conference of Florida, and Rev. John A. Wray of the Baptist church, came to Key West and made powerful anti-saloon speeches. A joint debate between Rev. Mr. Carpenter and Hon. Robert McNamee of Tampa, in Jackson Square, was, attended by the largest audience ever assembled in Key West.
The "wets" carried the county by forty-eight majority.
Mr. Albert F. Shultz was campaign manager of the antisaloon campaign, and much credit is due him for his work in that capacity.
The whiskey people did not take out licenses when due on October first, and all saloons were closed during that month and for six days in November. During the period the saloons were closed, there were fifteen cases in the police court; in the month of September there were sixty-two, and for the twenty-four days in November, there were seventy-three.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
It's hard to believe, but the Olympics are finally only days away, not weeks away, and so it must be time for Olympic Bingo! (Actually, if our search stats are to be believed, a bunch of you think it's past time for Olympic Bingo. Hopefully two days is enough prep time for your Opening Ceremonies parties.)
Please refer to the original post for the rules. As I mentioned before Vancouver, it seems to be more fun to play for a full blackout card, instead of the traditional bingo. Also, be sure to establish your ground rules (whether commercials count, whether you have to see the item in question or just hear it talked about) before the ceremony — we will have plenty of scoring controversies during the games, no need to start off with one!
As always, these are based on what is to be expected for US-based viewers watching the tape delayed NBC coverage Friday night (sorry, I have no other frame of reference). I have included the blank template for those of you who want to make your own or modify for the CBC or other broadcasts.
Here's the pdf of the printable cards. Enjoy! And let us know if you come up with any good alternate versions!


text:
HP Officejet 5222 Manual
Read the HP Officejet 5222 Manual for complete installation.
HP Officejet 5222 Install Instructions:
- Printer Installation
- HP Officejet 5222 Printer Setup
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- HP Officejet 5222 Wireless setup
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Read the guideline to set up your Officejet 5222 printer. The HP Officejet 5222 user manual provides the instructions for printer setup, driver download and wireless setup.
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Setting up HP Officejet 5222 printer for the first time might be difficult for you. Thus, follow the steps given below and complete HP Officejet 5222 printer setup.
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HP Officejet 5222 Driver Download – Mac
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Wireless Setup Wizard
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HP Smart App
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With HP Officejet 5222 printer, you might face some common errors. Here we are providing solutions to some of the most common printer problems.
HP Officejet 5222 won't print
If this issue occurs, then reset the print function of your Officejet 5222 printer. However, if the problem occurs again, then get in touch with us.
0XD8077900 Error Code in HP Officejet 5222
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HP Officejet 5222 printer offline.
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text:
Here are a few Nein Quarterly quips: "What's so awesome about nihilism? Nothing."
"You call it happiness. I call it Acute Despair Deficit syndrome."
"My Doppelgänger wants to start resembling other people."
The man behind the Twitter feed is Eric Jarosinski, a German professor at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
Jarosinski grew up in a small town in Wisconsin. His early experience with German culture came in the form of kitschy folk fests and polka nights, but he got to know the real Germany after spending time in the country and mastering the language.
"German for me was a lot like learning math, which I was resistant to," says Jaronsinski. "But I learned that it became something very different after I could make the language my own in some form and, in fact, that's something I encourage my students to do is to make puns in German."
Puns and word play are trademarks of Nein Quarterly. His jokes jump from Marxism to pumpkin spice lattes — all told from the perspective of a depressed German philosopher pining for another time and place. It's a persona Jarosinski loosely models on the real German philosopher Theodor Adorno, who died in 1969.
"More than anything, I've tried to develop the persona of a loveable misanthrope who comments on most anything he encounters and feels like he has something to say about most everything he encounters."
Jarosinski says he started Nein Quarterly over a year ago as a way to relax while writing a book about the concept of transparency. "Essentially this gave me a voice at a time when I found there was very little I could put on paper but there was a lot that I could type into my iPhone," he says.
What started as a lark has turned into something more serious. Jarosinski is in Germany to meet with publishers to talk about future writing projects. Interest in Nein Quarterly is running high in Germany at the moment, especially among intellectuals.
Elka Sloan, a professional translator in Frankfurt, reads the Twitter feed for the word play. "The plays he does with sort of nihilist statements, the way he twists around famous quotes from philosophy and the way he breaks the German intellectual tradition through this satirical lens is, I think, the hilarity of it," says Sloan.
It got Helmut Wicht laughing too. He teaches anatomy at Goethe University in Frankfurt. "I think the first tweet which actually made me follow him immediately was the famous one it must have been like a year ago on philosophy," he says. "Three lines. First line: 'Ontology – what the f---? Epistemology – Why the f---? Phenomenology – The f---.'" (In the original tweet, Jarosinski spelled out the f--- word.)
"And in that very moment," says Wicht, "I hit the follow button."
Wicht says Jarosinski has found Germany's enigmatic funny bone. He jokes like an insider. "He is playing with that. He gives us the feeling that ultimately, finally, there is someone out there in the Anglo-Saxon world who loves and understands us."
That view from the outside is something that Germans crave, and Jarosinski knows it. "I have had people tell me that. That that is something that they have liked," Jarosinski says. "How does an outsider perceive us? And in particular, an outsider who knows us somewhat — I think that has something to do with it, as well."
Jarosinski is raising money to support a Nein Quarterly blog he plans to launch at the end of this year. He'll feature writing from many different contributors. He describes the blog this way on his website: "Words. Thought. Art. Umlauts. Despair."
Sign up for The Top of the World, delivered to your inbox every weekday morning.


text:
CABARETE, Dominican Republic -- I have just tumbled, skipped, and skidded across the ocean, harnessed to a giant kite like a dog leashed to a race car. Somehow, I hear my Italian kiteboarding instructor shouting through the radio attached to my helmet.
''Find the balance, Daveeed. FIND THE BALANCE!"
With jangled nerves, I finally settle the kite. Then I work toward shore to discover I am landing on a beach full of overweight European sunbathers. The women are topless, the men wear thongs, and there are enough sunburned bosoms and buttocks to suggest I just missed a nuclear incident.
''Bizarre sight," I think.
But then, so am I.
Waterlogged, I am emerging from a tropical sea dressed in a shimmering black wet suit. A skittish giant kite hovers like a restless genie 100 feet above, an antenna protrudes from my head, and I seem to be talking to the palm trees as my Italian shadow and I discuss ''the balance" through the radio. This is the moment I realize I have somersaulted into the essence of Cabarete.
On the north shore of the Dominican Republic, Cabarete sits somewhere between the first and third worlds, jungles and beaches, expatriates and friendly locals, bargain hotels and five-star resorts. Here, the pace can accelerate from 0 to 30 with the vicissitudes of the wind and its riders.
Cabarete, the new kiteboarding mecca of the Caribbean, thrives on a balance all its own.
Kiteboarding is an extreme sport (high risk, high responsibility, high return) in its infancy that enables participants holding air foils to skim across the water on boards traveling faster than the speed of the wind. Four years ago, it was virtually unknown. Today, more than 70 companies are producing kites, some 60,000 of them sold last year alone, according to Rick Tossi, president of the Florida Kitesurfing Association.
''It is an enormously efficient, exhilarating way to fly," said Tossi, a keeper of records for the sport. ''The accelerator design is superb, but the brakes are terrible." He has documented 17 kiteboarding deaths worldwide since 2000, almost all of them attributed to poorly prepared people launching into hard objects before they ever got their feet wet. With a flick of the wrist, a kite as playful as a daffodil turns into a wood chipper.
''Lessons minimize the hazards," Tossi stressed.
So in December, I flew to Puerto Plata and took a 20-minute taxi ride to Cabarete, where balmy trade winds are supposed to pick up to 20 miles per hour each winter afternoon along ''Robinson Crusoe" beaches. Once the windsurfing capital of the Caribbean, Cabarete has become the place to kiteboard. Why there are not more collisions (I saw two) may say something about the vigilance required for the sport.
As one kiteboarding magazine recently put it, if Cabarete is an omen of the traffic to come, then Cabarete is where congestion problems will have to be solved first. Four schools and a burgeoning village of hotels and apartment complexes border Kite Beach today. In 1999, it was empty.
''Seriously, the only living things I saw when I arrived here were two German shepherds," said Stefan Ruether, a former stunt actor who owns the Kitexcite Kiteboarding School. Kitexcite is the oldest school with the most instructors (12) certified to teach. Ruether is widely credited as being one of the first instructors to give Dominican youngsters a chance to fly; some of them are now world champions.
I checked into Kitexcite for lessons. As dozens of students, instructors, and a few of those world-class Dominicans milled about, one fact became startling: I was twice the average age.
At 55, I am blessed with good health and a proclivity for age denial. I had tried kiteboarding before, enrolling in a three-day course last summer on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Calm winds, however, had seriously handicapped the learning curve.
''Age is no problem," said Daniele Bonomi after introducing himself as my instructor. ''I even taught a 75-year-old man."
A native of Verona, Italy, Bonomi, 29, has dreadlocks, a goatee, piercings in his left eyebrow and right nipple, and a master's degree in economics.
''But in my heart, only my girlfriend and kiteboarding. But it is terrible. Sometimes there is room for just one," Bonomi says. The smart money is on the sport.
It was early afternoon, and as Bonomi went over rigging procedures, the beach filled with yet more athletes settling down to do what kiteboarders do best: wait for the afternoon wind.
Normally the fresh, seasonal trade winds return to the Dominican Republic in early December, and build into June. This year's weather had not been normal, however. Calm persisted like a tranquilizer. So we waited.
There was Mike Alpert, a Nantucket native who made headlines in November 2002 when a kite line broke and he drifted off the island for more than six hours before a gale washed him ashore. There was Stacey Fonas, 38, an apparel manufacturer from Milford, Conn., who two days earlier had left it all behind and moved to Cabarete to kiteboard. And there was Paul Landry, a Canadian who makes a living leading tours to the North and South poles, and was here to learn how to keep up with his kiteboarding sons.
After a calm day, then another, I began to realize that Cabarete is beholden to neither flight schedules nor the goals of wannabe kiteboarders. Their issue is with the wind. The country's native language is Spanish, its roots harkening back to colonial slave days when Spain and France basically drew a line down the center of Hispaniola. The east end of the island became the Dominican Republic, the west end Haiti, and both became the target of political and economic exploitation by dictators as well as, at the height of the Cold War, US interference. Unlike Haiti, the poorest country in the hemisphere, the Dominican Republic is graced with a far more stable government lately and has been able to capitalize on a burgeoning tourist industry. Cabarete is thriving thanks in part to the wind -- when it cooperates.
''Time to discover a secret!"
His name is Richard Weber, 29, a native of Rochester, N.Y., who runs Tours Trips Treks & Travel, a backcountry guide service dedicated to introducing visitors to some of the island's lesser-known wonders away from the beaches. I had sought him out because I was still becalmed.
Weber and Buddha, his remarkable Rottweiler, had led me deep into El Choco, one of the dozen national reserves created to protect about one-third of this mountainous country (the 10,416-foot Pico Duarte is the Caribbean's highest peak). We had left the jungle far above, and were now stripped to bathing suits and swimming through a necklace of chambers in a cave that would have been pitch black had Weber not gone in first to light candles.
His expression in the flickering amber light suggested he will never tire of the place.
''Oh, how I love the secrets," he whispered.
The next day dawned sunny -- and calm again.
''Prepare to lose both dignity and grace!"
His name is Mike Braun, owner and lead guide of Get Wet Adventure Company. Braun specializes in canyoning -- or walking, swimming, leaping, and rappeling down waterfalls. Our route, shaded by the thick jungle canopy and walls that occasionally rise 300 feet, was a segment of the Rio Blanco. We wore sneakers, life jackets, climbing harnesses, and wet suits padded with extra cushioning on the rear ends. This is where I spent a fair share of the two-hour journey slipping and sliding through orchid-dappled terrain that stateside would have been designated a scenic wonder long ago. We rapelled down one 70-foot waterfall after another, letting go when the rope ended to fall backward, spread-eagled, into emerald pools below.
Braun has been leading canyoning trips worldwide since 1982 for clients ''from 8 years old to 80, and never with serious injury," he said. This is my first guided adventure where I have not signed a release waiver.
''Liability? Sue me in the Dominican Republic? I don't think so," Braun shouted, as we found ourselves at the end of yet one more rope where trust is part of the balance. Then we let go.
On my final full day in Cabarete, the weather finally changed, the seasonal wind pattern established itself, and the afternoon trades kicked in. The beach seemed to sprout not only experienced kiteboarders, but a host of instructors resembling Seeing Eye dogs for students too focused on kites to watch their step. I was one.
The challenge of flying dynamics is to synchronize the first big tug of wind precisely when your feet are in the board's foot loops and the path is clear. Instructors say a student generally needs a week or two to get the hang of the sport.
As ''kitemare" stories go, my first excursion somersaulting toward the topless crowd would not even qualify, experienced riders said. One boarder (not a student) last year rigged his kite backward and lived to describe a launch that took him 100 feet high and 800 feet sideways across hard ground.
On my second try, I stood, if only for a second. But what a second it was, tickled by an exhilaration of freedom and a union with the wind and water that obviously are driving this sport's phenomenal growth. Then I crashed; someone later asked if I had tripped on ice skates. Try as I might, I could not repeat the feat. Then the wind's velocity built to a point that students had to quit, and my gig in Cabarete was up.
Bonomi immediately sensed my frustration.
''Do not forget: Even when you fail, you are always learning," he said.
It took me a moment before I realized I had crashed into a pretty good metaphor for life. Such are the balances to be found in Cabarete.
David Arnold is a freelance writer who lives in the Boston area. His e-mail address is firstname.lastname@example.com.
How to get there
American Airlines flies daily from Boston to Puerto Plata via connections in San Juan, Puerto Rico, or Miami. Continental has just inaugurated nonstop service to Puero Plata from Newark. The lowest round-trip airfare to Puerto Plata at press time is $238 on American Airlines.
Where to stay
Kitexcite Beach Hotel
Hard to beat the location (next to all four kite schools) and the price ($39 for a single, $55for a double). Spotless rooms, few frills, friendly owners who were pioneers two decades ago and now want to sell and retire. The nearby road traffic, however, drowns out the surf and may send you to the white noise of the air conditioners.
Tropical Casa Laguna BeachResort
A 2-mile ride from the kiting beach, right in the center of town yet shielded from much of the street noise. Single rooms start at $50.
Velero Beach Resort
Cabarete's four-star hotel. Standard rooms begin at $96. Velero is on the beach, has a pool, and provides free breakfast. Kiting is more than 2 miles away and the hotel design turns its back on the community.
Where to eat
On the beach at Cabarete
Superb French cuisine (the beef tenderloin and the tuna Asian filet are musts). Miro's charges a pricey (by Cabarete's standards) $10 for such entrees.
Blue Moon
Los Brazos-Cabarete
A dining experience (no utensils, no shoes), located deep in the hills and serving an Indian cuisine on banana leaves. One large circular sitting where you are likely to meet anyone in the world. Don't miss the sunset. $15 without drinks.
Getting around
Taxis generally cost a ''few" dollars. Agree on a price first. The cheapest ride, and easiest to find, is on the back seat of the ubiquitous motorbikes, whose drivers charge 10 pesos (22 cents) per trip. Wearing a kiteboarding helmet will ease some of the apprehension.
Getting airborne
Lessons generally cost $30-$60 per hour depending on group numbers. Schools also may add fees for gear (kites, life jackets, helmets, harnesses). All schools are a very long walk from town on what is called ''Kite Beach"; most offer nearby accommodations.
Getting hip
The Dominicans are lovely, friendly people who enjoy hearing foreigners try their language. Take a Spanish phrase book. Make mistakes. And laugh, because they do. Very few merchants accept charge cards because of government surcharges. Cash cards and/or traveler's checks are requisite. The government charges $10 for a tourist visa upon landing. Muggings are rare in Cabarete, but not unheard of, necessitating the same precautions at night that you would take in any US city.


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Unlike some luxury cars that forgo cosseting ride quality for sporty pretensions, the 2015 Kia K900 stays true to the classic land-yacht formula. The latest step in Kia's rapid expansion—even if it's at odds with the company's youthful, rockin'-hamster attitude—the K900 flagship takes the brand to new heights of Lexus-like quiet and isolation.
Movin' On Up
The big K is based on a stretched version—by 4.3 inches in both wheelbase and length—of parent Hyundai's outgoing Genesis sedan (Hyundai just introduced a new 2015 Genesis with a Lotus-tuned chassis and available all-wheel drive). As such, it's Kia's first rear-wheel-drive luxury sedan and second model with available V-8 power after the defunct Borrego SUV. The K900 is launching in the U.S. with a standard 5.0-liter Tau V-8 pumping out 420 horsepower and 376 lb-ft of torque, making it the most-powerful Kia ever. The V-8 is mated to Hyundai's own eight-speed automatic, which works smoothly in most situations but tends to upshift early, even in its sportiest setting. It also includes a funky electronic joystick shifter that any modern BMW driver would sadly recognize.
Despite its being the quickest Kia we've ever tested—sprinting to 60 mph in 5.5 seconds and covering the quarter-mile in 14.1 at 101 mph—the K900 never feels particularly athletic or engaging. The powertrain purrs smoothly underhood and rarely calls attention to itself, the resulting serenity being ideal for cruising. A button on the console allows the driver to toggle among Sport, Normal, and Eco driving modes, which slightly alter throttle response, shift action, damper settings, and steering effort, but it's best to leave it in the default setup.
The rest of the Kia's performance figures—a modest 0.80 g of lateral grip and a 176-foot stop from 70 mph on 19-inch, all-season Hankook Optimo rubber—are merely adequate and reinforce the car's indifference to driver involvement. The 4664-pound K900 floats down the road with noticeable—some might say nautical—pitch, roll, and dive motions. The steering lacks self-centering, necessitating frequent corrections on the highway. Very little makes its way up the steering column, save for some occasional shakes and quivers over rough pavement. Our observed fuel economy of 18 mpg is in line with the combined EPA rating on the window sticker.
Slow Your Roll
Yet all of this works if you can accept the K900 as a modern incarnation of the Lincoln Town Car, a sensory-deprivation warehouse on wheels that urges you to simply relax and enjoy the ride. The K900 is quieter at idle and full throttle than the latest Mercedes-Benz S550. The Kia's styling is handsome but not overdone, there's tons of space for stuff, the seats are La-Z-Boy comfy, and the interior is tastefully styled and easy to navigate with abundant hard buttons. The list of standard equipment at the K900's $60,400 starting point is ridiculously long (you can read the full breakdown here), with our test car's most notable features included in the $6000 VIP package's adaptive cruise control, power-closing doors, 12.3-inch TFT digital instrument cluster, head-up display, barrage of exterior cameras, and power reclining and ventilated rear seats.
But the supple, oversized gorilla in the showroom is the salability of a $60,000 Kia with the dynamic acuity of a watercraft. Luxury cars will never be passé, but only time will tell if the K900 has the staying power of the big Lincoln or a Lexus LS. Or will it be Kia's Volkswagen Phaeton, an ultimately overreaching attempt by a nonluxury brand? At a minimum, the K900 is honest about being a luxury car, and that counts for something.
Mike Sutton is an editor, writer, test driver, and general car nerd who has contributed to Car and Driver's reverent and irreverent passion for the automobile since 2008. A native Michigander from suburban Detroit, he enjoys the outdoors and complaining about the weather, has an affection for off-road vehicles, and believes in federal protection for naturally aspirated engines.


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PoMo Picks: January 2014
Some of best theater you can see in Portland happens in Britain, filmed at the venerable National Theatre with big-name actors and then screened here by Third Rail Rep at Portland's World Trade Center. This month, three favorites return for encores: the Danny Boyle–directed Frankenstein starring Benedict Cumberbatch and Jonny Lee Miller (Jan 17, 18 & 26), Hamlet with Rory Kinnear (Jan 19 & 25), and Alan Bennett's The Habit of Art (Jan 19 & 25).
Jan 28–Mar 2, Artists Rep
"A good, representative production in a small theater is a lot better for a premiere than a mishandled production in a more prominent theater," says Pulitzer finalist Amy Freed on why she chose to premiere her new play, The Monster-Builder, at the relatively small regional theater Artists Repertory. The comedy, about an egomaniacal "starchitect," is one of a bumper crop of shows that debut during the Fertile Ground Festival of new works (Jan 23–Feb 2). Read our full interview with Freed.
Jan 11–25, Hipbone Studios
Reviving a show that's sold out three Portland runs—plus a stint at New York's United Solo Festival—Portland Story Theater cofounder Lawrence Howard will regale audiences with the epic tale of Sir Ernest Shackleton's 1914 endeavor to become the first man to traverse Antarctica. As the title suggests, the trip didn't go well.
NATIVE CONSTELLATION: The Art Gym presents a star list of the region's most vividly inventive Native American artists, including Rick Bartow, Wendy Red Star, and Nicholas Galanin, while the Museum of Contemporary Craft teams up with the Anchorage Museum to offer four contemporary Alaska Native artists who are blending ancient traditions with new media. →
I.m.n.d.n. Jan 13–Feb 12
This is not a silent movie, Jan 31–Apr 19
That I believe in my gods and spiritual things.
That my magical work is powerful and effective.
That the numbers 7, 25, and 16 are not
unlucky or evil for me.
That I am not bad to look upon.
That I am not susceptible to colds ...
That these words and commands are like fire and will sear themselves into
every corner of my being, making me happy and well and confident forever!
—L. Ron Hubbard, in his pre-Scientology self-hypnosis mantra, as excerpted from Pulitzer winner Lawrence Wright's investigation of Scientology, the National Book Award finalist Going Clear.
Lawrence Wright at Literary Arts' Portland Arts & Lectures Series
Jan 14 at the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall


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KSA issues updated information on VAT Implementing Regulations has been saved
KSA issues updated information on VAT Implementing Regulations
On 21 January, 2018, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) General Authority of Zakat and Tax (GAZT) released updated information pertaining to the Value Added Tax (VAT) Implementing Regulations, and published an updated bilingual version of these Regulations available here.
In addition to the three changes below which had been communicated earlier, GAZT has made an amendment surrounding the entry of data into an enterprise resource planning (ERP) or other computer systems. The amended article 66 specifies that data should be entered into the system in Arabic "whenever and to the extent practicably possible". This amendment marks a small but important relaxation to the prior requirement for entry in Arabic in all cases, given that many international ERP systems are designed for English input only.
The requirement for tax invoices and all records to be issued in Arabic remains as previously stated.
It is important to note that the series of amendments made to the Implementing Regulations articles 8, 53 and 63 announced earlier in January have been formalized. For reference, please see below:
- Article 8: The VAT registration certificate of a business or a branch should be displayed and visible to the general public.
- Article 53: All registered businesses need to issue a simplified VAT invoice for all transactions not otherwise covered specifically by the remaining paragraphs in the Article – this will generally affect transactions with the end consumers.
- Article 63: If the understatement of Net Tax by the Taxable Person is less than SR 5,000, the taxable Person may correct the error by adjusting the Net Tax in its next Tax Return.
Businesses that do not comply with their obligations (including the requirements above) will be penalized. The standard penalty for violations of the Law and Regulations is up to SAR 50,000.


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Many people around the country got pretty excited last week. It happened after R-CALF USA put out a press release implying that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had declared hay a pollutant and every rancher in the nation was faced with the prospect of building a containment area for their hay supply.
It's probably near to impossible to overstate how ludicrous of a rule EPA might actually propose, so the alarm wasn't altogether unjustified. The mainstream national organizations and state cattlemen's groups, however, have been working with EPA and others for several years now making sure that the language that has been put in place protected producers. R-CALF USA obviously wasn't part of that process and its leadership wasn't aware that the measure didn't pertain to hay per se, and certainly not to those entities that don't qualify as a large CAFO (concentrated animal feeding operation).
R-CALF typically doesn't deal with the myriad of regulatory issues or the various agencies that a mainstream group like the National Cattlemen's Beef Association does; R-CALF historically has tended to focus strictly on issues relative to marketing. Still, it was surprising that an organization purporting to be a legitimate lobbying organization would go forward with such an obvious misunderstanding of the issue.
R-CALF not only misunderstood the circumstances of the violations they cited but also the issue at hand; the organization obviously was also unaware of the work that had already been done on behalf of the industry by the mainstream cattle organizations.
The situation is illustrative of how a unified voice is sorely needed in this industry. The recent fiasco over the national beef checkoff and the positive progress that has been made in that area in the past month makes it abundantly clear that the industry is better served by avoiding the hyperbole and demagoguery that unfortunately have become almost the norm rather than the exception.
With very few exceptions, most people involved in this industry have the best interests of the industry at heart. While they may disagree on the direction, it makes more sense to deal with these differences from an intellectually honest baseline. Such a process won't result in unanimous opinions, of course, but it might finally put to rest the fiery rhetoric that hasn't served the industry very well.
EPA has shown an incredible propensity to overreach its authority, and a willingness to place unreasonable and unjustified burdens upon our industry. Thankfully, however, the industry has been able to do a remarkable job of squelching the majority of these moves. And, we've been able to do this because we've come to the table with the facts and science and we're regarded as legitimate players. Departures like R-CALF's last week severely harm the legitimacy of the industry.


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This is a superlative field guide: comprehensive, clear and approachable. The illustrations are excellent, and include helpful examples of birds in flight, different views of marine creatures (basking shark side view and head on), whale fluke comparisons and dolphin profiles. The 11 Chapters comprise marine and coastal plants and habitats; invertebrates; sharks; rays; fish; sea turtles; crocodiles and alligators; marine and coastal birds; baleen whales; toothed whales and dolphins; and finally seals and manatee
Yale University Press, 386pp, £20 / $24 ISBN 978 0300 11328 0
rollingharbour rating: a rare and coveted 5*****
Obviously this isn't the guide for land-based birds – you'll still need Hallett or Arlott to help with all those warblers, for example. But for all aspects of marine and coastal wildlife it is as thorough as you could ever wish for in a book that is readily portable. While slightly too large (8″ x 6″) and heavy for a pocket, it would be perfect for a day-bag. Convention dictates that the most enthusiastic reviews should include a couple of tiny niggles to prove a book has been read… so, the shell section is very brief at 2 pages; and the coral section also, with some types (Mustard Hill, for example) omitted. But such an ambitious yet compact book couldn't possibly be exhaustive. In practical terms, it has everything you could want from a Field Guide when exploring or researching this area.
Publisher's Summary [added here to indicate the scope & depth of the book]
- Entries on 619 coastal and ocean species including seabirds, cetaceans, fish, turtles, invertebrates, and plants
- More than 1,100 color illustrations & 121 colour photographs
- 452 up-to-date range maps
- Overviews of key ecological communities, including mangroves, salt marshes, beaches, sand dunes, and coral reefs
- Special attention to threatened and endangered species
- Discussions of environmental issues, including such catastrophic events as Hurricane Katrina and the Deepwater Horizon blowout
- Glossary
- Excellent organizational aids for locating information quickly
- Clear text alerts for endangered / red list species
- 12-page index (which works very well)
- Handy front and back flaps place-markers
- Colour-coded section divisions
To see the publisher's UK or US webpages for the book CLICK LINK===>>> YUP UK or YUP USA – it can also be obtained from the other conventional sources already mentioned in the book section of this site


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True enough but would it matter?
A while back, one of my Romney guys said that in a general election showdown between his man and Hillary Clinton, there are two "landmine" moments. One is if Romney (or any male candidate, for that matter) says or does anything that sounds the slightest bit sexist.
As we've seen, facing tough questioning from moderators and criticism from rivals was enough to get Team Hillary to play "they're piling on to a woman!" card already.
The second "landmine" moment would be, he suggested, if she says or does anything that appears critical of Romney's faith. Looking at Robert Redford's comments about Mormons from earlier today [See here. — ed.], I wonder if Romney vs. Hillary could be a matchup that would turn out quite well for the GOP…
I suspect that if Romney were to get the nomination, we would hear a great deal from those folks about just what's wrong with "those" Mormons, and the rhetoric would be ugly enough to match the seething disdain, and irrational bigotry lurking in the hearts of the intemperate. Somebody ought to set up a pool to guess which figure makes the first horrific statement painting all Mormons with a broad brush: Rosie O'Donnell? Bill Maher? Michael Moore? Keith Olbermann? Frank Rich?
I doubt whether Frank Rich making a crack about Mormon undergarments would be enough to move the polls (although it would be primo blog fodder), but Jim's right that that sort of thing is bound to happen. What if it does? Well, first, if someone like Maher goes after Mormons, he's more likely to do so in the context of denigrating Christianity as a whole, e.g. "Sure, Mormonism's weird, but is it any weirder than the Catholic Church?" Americans are generally willing to tolerate anti-religious sentiment so long as it's not focused on a "minority" faith. Second, reporters who want to inject this sort of thing without taking too much responsibility for it have an easy dodge available by framing it in terms of what Americans, not they themselves, allegedly believe. ("Romney leads in Iowa and New Hamphire but Americans may find his belief in some of the more eccentric aspects of LDS theology suspicious.")
Third, there's a huge open question about how solidly conservatives would be willing to line up behind Mitt on the religious issue if he's attacked for it. Most will do so, partly out of decency, partly out of conservative tribalism, and partly out of sheer outrage at the left for being such filthy intolerant hypocrites, but the fact is that there are parts of the right-wing base even now who are warning him not to go around pretending like he's "one of us." (See this poll from September and compare Mormons' numbers to Muslim Americans'.) The left may sense an opening there to peel some of them away; the trick would be to cast enough aspersions on Mormonism to scare off those voters without casting so many that even centrist Democrats become disgusted by the tactic. There are faiths that would disqualify a candidate who belonged to them in many voters' eyes, Scientology being the most obvious example. The task for Hillary et al. would be to legitimize that calculus in voters' minds and get them to thinking where Mormonism falls on the spectrum between Dianetics and the Bible. A scummy tactic but not hard to imagine.
One other point. While both sexism and anti-Mormonism may be landmines, the former is much bigger than the latter, needless to say. A crack about Hillary's gender won't peel off any Democrat-leaners the way an aspersion cast on Mormonism might among Republican-leaners; on the contrary, it would surely peel off a few women who'd planned on voting Republican (and potentially more than a few, depending upon how snide it was). Revisit this poll from February and compare the relevant categories: Americans overwhelmingly accept a woman candidate but they're a bit more circumspect about Mormons, suggesting that they view anti-woman sentiment as essentially irrational but are a smidge more nuanced when it comes to LDS. That helps the left, but at 72%, thankfully not as much as it might.
Update: Martin Frost asked his readers whether they'd vote for a Mormon candidate. Most said they would — but not all. Click to see what Mitt's up against. Objections to LDS's alleged racism, its hierarchical nature, even the underwear. My favorite:
Jessica Elliott: "I can't speak for all Christians or all Republicans, but I can give you an honest perspective from one average Christian mom who would never vote for a Mormon. You understand already that many people call Mormonism a cult. What you may not understand is that many of us see Mormonism as such a strange, ridiculous belief system that we have to seriously doubt the judgment of anyone who could believe it. It's like asking us to consider voting for someone who believes they were kidnapped by aliens."