text:
Economic Turmoil Rattles Unsettled Housing Market
For most people, their biggest investment is their home. Following Standard & Poor's downgrade of U.S. credit, as well as of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, there may be even more uncertainty about buying or selling a home right now.
Russell Zanca, 47, has a three-bedroom vintage brick Georgian house on the market. The anthropology professor's home is on a quiet tree-lined street on Chicago's North Side.
"It's just a nice solid house," Zanca says.
He's selling because he is getting married and will soon move into his fiancee's house, but he's been thinking about selling for quite some time.
"Really since 2008, I kept thinking, well, next year can't be worse than this year, but once we decided to get married, which was more than a year ago, that's when we started talking about what are we doing with the houses," Zanca says.
He has a buyer and hopes to close in a month or so. Still, the troubling financial news of the past several days is making him a little nervous.
"I just started thinking, what is this gonna mean, you know. And I did think, I'm glad that it looks like I have this contract and it looks like I'm getting rid of this thing now, rather than hearing this and having the house on the market and not knowing if anyone was even going to come and see it."
What worries Zanca more is what the housing market might be like a year from now when he and his new wife plan to start looking for a bigger house.
For now, S&P's downgrade has had only one tangible impact on the housing market: It pushed nearly historic low interest rates even lower.
But does that mean it's a good time to buy?
"Absolutely, absolutely." says Ron Haddad, a senior mortgage banker with Baird & Warner Financial Services in Chicago. "The affordability for the cost of ownership is at an all-time low. Interest rates are so low; the prices with a lot of the properties in our area are absolutely at amazing levels. It makes sense to buy."
Mabel Guzman of the Chicago Association of Realtors agrees: "For the person on the street it's about jobs. So if they have job security, they're going to make that long-term investment into real estate. If they don't and they feel, 'Well, I feel the trend is changing, I could be downsized, I'm not seeing a lot of growth in my sector that I work in,' then [they] will make the short-term decision to rent, until [they] feel things have turned around."
Guzman adds that even buyers, who are in a good position right now — and sellers, for that matter — might find the frenetic pace of financial news lately and the huge volatility in the markets to be too much.
"They're overwhelmed," Guzman says. "Their head is exploding and unfortunately there are dollar signs coming out of it."
Real estate experts and economists say it's really still too soon to tell if the financial news of the past week or so will have any long-term impact on the housing market.
But to be sure, the market wasn't great to begin with, and it is still struggling to recover from the last housing crisis. It doesn't need another.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


text:
Research on this family was conducted by sisters Lynda Alexander Fonde & Marsha Alexander Groff (and others) and published in 2000 on pages 427-435 in "American Patriot...The New Frontier : Alexander, Sprague & Related Families, Volume II".
In 1766 Francis purchased 166 acres of land from John Steel "lying on the west side of Elk River, North Milford Hundred" in Cecil County, Maryland which was part of a tract called New Munster. A hand-drawn plat map of the area shows that on the east side of Elk River were the lands of seven Alexander families. ("American Patriot" pages 428-429)
Francis Caruthers wrote his will on January 27, 1801. It was entered into Probate Court on December 14, 1805 in Cecil County, Maryland and is recorded in Will Book 6 pages 397-400. Scanned images were obtained from microfilm 013868 on February 13, 2012 from the Family History Library in Salt Lake City. My transcription below varies slightly from that published in "American Patriot." They may have had a copy of the original will, while this is a transcription recorded in the record book.
No. 216 Francis Caruthers December 14, 1805
In the name of God Amen - I Francis Caruthers Senior, of Cecil County State of Maryland, being weak of body, but of sound disposing Mind and Memory, do make and ordain this my last will and Testament in manner and form following - viz - Imprimis
I give and bequeath to my well beloved Son Robert the sum of twenty dollars, each and every year, during his natural life, to be paid him by my son Walter, out of that part of my real estate herein bequeathed to him.
Item. I give and bequeath to my beloved daughters Elizabeth Ann Rachel & Leah each the sum of Five pounds, and it is further my will that if my said daughter Elizabeth, should be dead or not claim the above legacy in five years - in that case that the same should go and be paid to her son William Washington Alexander -
Item. I give and bequeath to my Grandson Francis, son of Walter the sum of five pounds.
Item. I give and bequeath to my well beloved son Walter, his heirs and Assigns forever (after the payment of the aforementioned legacies) all that part of my real estate, whereon he now lives, with the appurtenances there unto belonging. - lying on the south side of the Line beginning on the bank of the Big Elk-creek at the small May pole marked with Six notches, and about thirteen and one fourth perches, below the mouth of a run implying itself on the same Side into said creek, and said beginning is about five and a half perches, below a bunch of May poles, on the opposite side of said creek, and is a Corner of James Garretts and James Alexander lands - and thence from said beginning, South forty nine Degrees, West, twenty eight perches, to a marked poplar, thence south sixty seven degrees and forty minutes west - until it intersects the most Westerly line of said tract, and the New Munster line - at the small white oak standing on the same and now marked with three notches, on the east side thereof.
Item. I give and bequeath to my well beloved son Francis, his heirs and assigns forever, all that part of my real estate with the appurtenances thereunto belonging, whereon he now lives, and lying on the north side of the affore described line - and it is further my Will and desire that all of my just debts and funeral expenses, be paid equally by my Sons Walter and Francis.
and lastly I do constitute my two sons Walter & Francis sole executors of this my last will and testament revoking and annulling all former Wills - ratifying and confirming this and no other to be my last Will and testament. - In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this twenty seventh day of January eighteen hundred and one Francis (his mark) Caruthers {Seal}
Signed, sealed, published and delivered, by the said Francis Caruthers, as and for his last Will and testament in the presence of us, who at his request and in his presence, subscribed our names as Witnesses.
Fras [sic: Francis] Hindman
Josiah Alexander
Rebeccah Alexander
Henry Reynolds
Cecil County Ss
On this 14th day of Dec. 1805 personally came Francis Hindman and Henry Reynolds two of the subscribing witnesses to the foregoing Will and said Francis made oath on the holy evangels of Almighty god that he saw Francis Caruthos [sic] late of said county deceased, sign and seal this Will, that he heard him publish pronounce and declare the same to be his last will and testament that at the time of his so doing he was to the best of his apprehension of sound and disposing mind memory and understanding and that he subscribed his name thereto as a witness at the request and in the presence of the Testator: and the said Henry being one of the people called Quaker did solemnly sincerely and duly affirm in words to the like effect. Sworn & affirmed before D. Smith, Regr.
Cecil County Ss
On this 19th day of December 1805 came Francis Caruthers and made oath on the holy evangels of Almighty God that the foregoing is the whole and true last Will and testament of Francis Caruthers late of said county deceased that hath come to his hands and possession and that he herewith [knows] not of any other and further that publication has been duly made of this Will and that he doth not know of any objections being made against the probate being taken. Sworn before David Smith, Regr.
Cecil County Ss
On this 19th day of December 1805 came Josiah Alexander one of the subscribing witnesses to the foregoing last Will and testametn of Francis Caruthers late of said county and made oath on the holy evangels of Almighty God in the same words and to the same effect as before Sworn by Francis Hindman before David Smith Regr.
Walter Caruthers on the 14th of Dec. by a Note in writing under his hand renounces his right and claim to the administration and Francis in like manner on the 19th day of December also renounces his right and claim to the administration. Test [sic: Testator] David Smith Regr
I wonder why Walter and Francis declined to accept the duties and responsibilities as administrators of their father's estate? It sounds rather intriguing to me. Since I don't have copies of the estate file, future research plans include obtaining those documents as well as deed records and (of course) any other records that can be located for him and/or his children in Cecil County, Maryland and neighboring areas.
The New Munster area of Cecil County, where Francis Caruthers (and the Alexander families) resided, was in the upper northeast corner of Maryland bordering Chester County, Pennsylvania and New Castle County, Delaware.
The Last Will and Testament of Francis Caruthers (page 1 of 4)
Dated January 27, 1801 and probated December 14, 1805
Cecil County, Maryland Will Book 6 pages 397-400
Family History Microfilm 013868 accessed and images scanned on February 13, 2012
The Last Will and Testament of Francis Caruthers (page 2 of 4)
The Last Will and Testament of Francis Caruthers (page 3 of 4)
The Last Will and Testament of Francis Caruthers (page 4 of 4)
Published under a Creative Commons License.
Becky Wiseman, "The Last Will and Testament of Francis Caruthers," Kinexxions, posted June 4, 2012 (http://kinexxions.blogspot.com/2012/06/last-will-and-testament-of-francis.html : accessed [access date])

subset: commoncrawl


text:
[Kyri] has made a simple circuit to do color detection using an RGB LED. Simply set the LED to the color you want to detect then wave the object over it. Another LED will light up if the object is the same color as the LED. The detection is done by a photo resistor. The theory is that an object will reflect more of the light that matches its surface color. She shows that this kind of detection could be useful for sorting in robotics.
30 thoughts on "Color Detection Using An RGB LED"
a simple program can sweep through a color spectrum and the peak reflection point should correspond to the detected color.
That is way sweet, but based on the concept I'd guess that it might give false positives for white objects.
There's no point 'sweeping the spectrum'. The best you could do is do red, green and blue one after another, thus giving you the RGB colour of the object. This should let you distinguish any colour, including white.
Nice idea, not sure how well it would work in practice.
i like the idea of detecting the objects actual color by lighting it up in red, green and blue and analyzing the amount of reflected light. i just wonder how that technique works with more or less reflecting surfaces.
LEDs are also photo-voltaic. They generate a voltage when exposed to light. They're not very efficient that way, but it would be a cool challenge to see if you could do away with the photo-resistor by exploiting that.
my thoughts as well frac. or like andres says, quickly sweep through all colours instead of having to manually select the colour.
Hate to be damper, but how about 3 time 20 cents photodiodes with r,g,b filters on them, same result, without any changing of light, just a white light will do to get the result, and you can average the combined output, and display it using that now not-in-use RGB LED!
Add 2 more diodes with polarizin filter to get some reflection data and IR filter for infra-red to make it more complex.
Or as an alternative similar project a UV sensor maybe but in that case an illuminating UV LED to get UV reflectivity, might be interesting for some use.
Just spouting ideas
wwhat: i guess you could do that, but how would you know what color you are trying to detect? you'd have to have some LCD display with the RGB values or something like that. And an ultrabright white LED was the same cost as the RGB led
But the UV sensor is an interesting idea…
Sweeping the spectrum and measuring the light for each component would give you a more precise spectrum than a simple triplet of RGB values. It would, however, require a programmable broadband light source (or a BB radiator and a programmable filter), and I'm not entirely sure such a thing exists, at least at an affordable price.
the point is using three filters method you can constantly output the colour on the rgb led of the receved light. if the intensity is above a certain threshold, or it changes suddenly etc (use your imagination) then there is an object there.
circuit can loop through all possible colors and stay at the color which reflects best for a second before next loop. this can create some "chameleon" efect.
That's exactly how an old Perkin-Elmer UV-Visible Spectrophotometer works. There's a nice broadband (mercury-arc or incandescent, don't recall) light source, a prism (you could use a diffraction grating, I believe), and a pair of vacuum-tube photodetectors in a Wheatstone Bridge configuration to tare out the reference beam. They're set up as absorption detectors for chemistry, but could probably be convinced to work as very good colorimeters if you were so inclined.
ebay has a few of 'em, if you're interested in experimenting.
There was already a hack very similar to this that does what some commenters suggested. I have seen a hack on here also that cycled through rgb several times a second and with that it measured how much of each color was reflected.
(I've been reading on this site since it was created.. geez its been a while…)
oh yeah, thats a good point, a white led probably deficient in the color spectrum!
styko: As far as more/less reflective objects, I think you'll still be pretty successful if rather than using the real measured values of the amount of reflected light for each color, you simply compare the ratios of the 3 different amounts of reflected light to determine the correct color.
This is the very same principle as scanners, they have a cold cathode led, and then a long sensor that detects the amount of reflected light in every color. somethin' like that…
Out of curiosity, what happens if you place a clear object or an object that is reflective, like a mirror?
I think my scanner does this. While it appears to sweep a white light over the page if you move your head you can clearly make out Red Blue and Green
Call me stupid, but the colour of an object is merely the absorption of all light EXCEPT that colour (wavelength of visible light). So does this circuit detect the absence of reflection within a predefined tolerance of the spectrum? Commenters discussing the "peak" would then be correct but backwards; it's the valley you're looking for, not the peak.
Another question… Yellow light is around 570nm wavelength and orange is 590nm. So how would it distinguish an object at 580nm? The source would have to be at a matched wavelength or have a tolerance of x nm in order for it to qualify as "matching".
I was disappointed to read that it needed a photoresistor. I will be impressed as soon as the LED alone detects the color. And having to manually set the color makes it even more lame. Sorry.
I'd love to see a multi-color version of this: http://cs.nyu.edu/~jhan/ledtouch/index.html :)
@diddle: an object appears also in some colour if only the complementary colour is absorbed.
for example, if you set the rgb leds to FF,FF,00 => full red and full green brightness but no blue, you will get yellow, because yellow is the complementary colour of the absent blue. you will get the maximum reflection for a yellow object, because red and green are fully reflected. if the object is blue, it would reflect the green light, but not the yellow light, so you've got only the light of one led reflected and not the light of the two leds that you've set to full brightness
you'd want to use a photodiode for color detection.
a cmos sensor or ccd would be what you would use for image scanning. The planon docupen scanner (rc800 plastic piece of crap from hell, don't buy) used the RGB cycling method (with a tri-color LED) to produce color scans. Therefore the scanner did not actually see in color, it just sampled the light intensities in red, green and blue independently to come up with an interpretation of a color image.
@niun – thanks, that makes sense!
1.) You can't "sweep the spectrum" with the finite number of peaks (in this case three) you get with LEDs.
2.) You guys all don't know what colors are, except for diddle who used his/her brain. And there are no "complementary colors" except in our brains. Let me try:
(skip this paragraph if you are scared)
Multiply the light source's color spectrum with the material's reflectance spectrum and you get the "color" that reaches the eye/camera. Now multiply that with the response spectra of the cones in the eye or the camera's CCD chip and integrate. (By multiplying these functions i mean something like f*g(x)=f(x)*g(x).) Now you have a color value.
With your method you will get values that look about right in most cases, but consider some material that has a reflectance spectrum with one peak (say, yellow) between two peaks of your leds (say, red and green). This will show up as black when illuminated with the seemingly yellow light of the combined leds, although it appears yellow under full-spectrum light like sunlight.
(ok, it will not be black since the peaks are of some width and maybe even overlap. But it will be darker than it should be, which is my point.)
Read wikipedia, it helped me.
Can someone tell me the maximum distance an object can be before the unit will not detect? Say if you had a hand held unit. How far would it detect?
Can someone tell me what are the cool technology on color detection or other similar ideas?
me and my partner, undergrad students, would like to make a thesis topic out of it. Course is Electronics and Communications Engineering.
we would very much appreciate your help, thank you very much.
You might also be able to detect color in this manner with the LED itself. Using a microcontroller, you can reverse bias the LED to charge up the junction capacitance, then time the discharge to determine the light level. I believe hackaday posted something on this a while back. I would be interested to know if different wavelengths of light charge the junctions of the R/G/B LEDS at different rates, as this could also be used for color detection.
As I understand it, you can use any single LED in reverse as a photodiode at its frequency of excitation, so, with a microcontroller and the right RGB LED and software you may be able to get RGB detection i.e. a "color "*sensor*.
Note you would probably need a fair amount of brightness – lots of light – for it to work with decent linearity.
Hi friends, I have a doubt…. I m going to built up a portable colorimeter which actually does the same as spectrophotometer. Here, im planning to use RGB led's as a light source. will I be able to get the entire absorption spectrum?? I know we can mix up RGB colors and get new colors but it won't be a true colour and its wavelength will be different ryt?? So, what can be the alternative for that? Can someone help pls…its very important for me to know it..
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text:
Your skill will accomplish
what the force of many cannot
blessed confusionby perl-diddler (Chaplain)
|on Sep 08, 2010 at 22:52 UTC ( #859439=perlquestion: print w/replies, xml )
|Need Help??
perl-diddler has asked for the wisdom of the Perl Monks concerning the following question:
Just when I thought I had some clue about how things work, I go and run into problems, proving that I'm overlooking the obvious or not remembering as well as I thought I did...
I have (what I thought) was a fairly straight forward set of classes that are all subclasses of the one above (no multiple inheritance issues at this point).
I'm storing data object data in a blessed hash that's created in the most 'base' class's 'new' routine. That's blessed in the base class and returned 'up' the call stack to the successive, derived-class, 'new' routines, where they may add their own data (as more hash entries in the same hash). They then bless and return the has w/any new entries to the next class in line.
So classes 'URL' => URL::Storable => URL::Fetchable are subclasses in that order from least specific to 'derived'.
In URL, code looks like (abbreviated):
in derived classes, the 'new' looks like:
And so on... If the above is the 1st derived class, then on the 2nd derived class (derived from the 1st derived class, not the base class of the 1st), gets an error when I try to bless it:
Attempt to bless into a reference at filename.pl line xxx.
Is what I am doing, reasonable for a smallish project (at this point, its all in 1 file). If it is, then is there common 'gotcha', that would cause this?
Isn't this 'a' normal way of doing classing with each level plugging in it's local-object data, then blessing it at the current class level, and returning it. Then any call on an object would (in theory), go from the most derived object look in it's "ISA" for the next, and go to the next level?
If this all seems straightforward so far, and nothing looks amiss, I can start more wholesale copying of code into this question, but I didn't want to go into unnecessary detail for something that seems pretty straight forward, where I'm feeling I must be overlooking something obvious OR have some basic misunderstanding about how things work somewhere, but since the code 'look's fairly simple, I'm checking my understanding first, since I'm not sure why, for example, it would fail when I bless in the 2nd level derivation class, as opposed to in the first-level derivation class, where I'm first blessing that returned 'object' from the base class, URL, after having added an arg to it.
Ideas or 'clue-sticks' welcomed...
Back to Seekers of Perl Wisdom


text:
Day Charter Options
Extra hour on board
€ 60
Extra Fuel charges Motor Yachts
Depending on Motor Yacht
Food / Drinks
Upon Request
Day Charter Schedule
Start of charter period for day charter is 9.00am (or later time to be agreed by guests), charter will finish at 6.00pm, unless other time is agreed beforehand.
What's included - Day Charter
Skipper, Fuel, all local taxes and VAT, dinghy with outboard, full yacht/guest insurance.
What's not included - Day Charter
Not included id food, personal travel insurance (recommended) or any other charges you may incur for the vessel whilst away from your provided marina berth.
Payment Terms
50% for provisionary booking of yacht. For day charter, yacht cannot be confirmed until 7 days prior to day charter commencement. Balance of charter cost to be recieved upon confirmation of booking (7 days prior to charter). Payments can be made via bank transfer or cash.
Disclaimer: Whilst every caution has been taken
in updating the specifications, errors may occur. We
do not hold ourselves responsible for any errors. Should
you require any assistance, please contact us on +356
2134 5138 or +356 2134 5139 or send us an email at email@example.com.
Homepage | Isole Maltesi | La Flotta | Skippered | Bareboat | Link | Contatti
Nautica Yacht Charter Malta © 2010. Disclaimer | Credits


text:
Possible Duplicate:
All commands that should be used to connect to wifi in command line
I don't need to configure my wifi card or anything. I just want to do the equivalent of a) listing the wifi devices in my neighbourhood, and b) connecting to one (and setting up the password for it) as I do in the GUI.
Surely there's a command-line command for this?


text:
While lawmakers are passing stricter regulations on cellphone usage in cars, OnStar seems to be bucking that trend. At CES they'll be showing off a new in-car 4G infotainment system that will stream video content and allow for video calls.
The new system is being rigged up in one of the company's Chevy Volt research vehicles, and before you cry foul over the prospect of drivers being further distracted by a video call, GM claims that functionality can only be used when the vehicle is in park.
The service is presumed to rely on a dedicated 4G modem in the car, not a wireless tether to a smartphone. There's no word on what pricing or who the carrier partner will be, but since previous streaming demos relied on Verizon, there's a good chance they'll get the nod. And while the front seat passengers will be privy to enhanced information like traffic and weather, the back seat riders get to enjoy on-demand video streaming through a pair of tablets wired into the vehicle. Unlike air travel, hopefully that means more than just reruns of Everybody Loves Raymond. [MotorAuthority via Slashdot]


text:
Job Information
UPS Trailer Mechanic Non-Power Tacoma, WA in Tacoma, Washington
Job Summary
Candidate will possess personal knowledge and skills to perform preventative maintenance on UPS Transportation Trailers and Converter Dollies. Will properly diagnose and perform necessary repairs to non-power equipment, including air brake systems and electrical systems. Candidate must be willing to work 2nd or 3rd shift. Schedules include Monday through Friday and Sunday through Thursday and Tuesday through Saturday. An attractive pay and benefits package is offered. Uniforms are provided. Candidate must possess all personal tools required to perform the job and will be required to appropriate necessary hand tools as required by job assignment.
Ideal candidate will possess the following:
Current documented trailer mechanic experience
Experience using diagnostic equipment, scan tools and personal computer
Possess a full complement of personal hand tools
Ability to obtain Class A Commercial Driver's License (CDL)
Job Responsibilities
Meet D.O.T requirements
Bend, stoop, squat, kneel, crouch, crawl, climb ladders and stairs, stand, walk, and turn/pivot frequently throughout the duration of the workday
Full time: 8-10 hours per day, 4-5 days per 7-day week
Report to work on a regular and timely basis and complete the scheduled workday on a consistent basis
Ability to work varying shifts, additional hours and/or overtime depending on service needs
Sitting required infrequently throughout the duration of the workday
Lift, lower, push, pull, leverage and manipulate equipment and/or packages weighing up to 70 pounds
Assist in moving packages or equipment up to 150 pounds
Simple hand grasping, power hand grasping, fine hand manipulation, reaching from foot level to above shoulder level as necessary to complete assigned tasks
Operate standard/manual transmission
Operate power, pneumatic tools
Required to wear personal protective equipment
Must meet all requirements to be Power Industrial Truck Operations (PITO) certified
Work in an environment with: variable temperatures and humidity (climatic conditions), exposure to cleaning materials, petroleum products, dust, dirt, and noise, outside inclement weather
Work cooperatively in a diverse work environment
Have a sufficient ability to communicate, through sight, hearing, and/or otherwise, to perform assigned tasks and maintain proper job safety conditions
UPS is an equal opportunity employer. UPS does not discriminate on the basis of race/color/religion/sex/national origin/veteran/disability/age/sexual orientation/gender identity or any other characteristic protected by law
Company: UNITED PARCEL SERVICE
Category: Operations
Requisition Number: 342703
Location: Tacoma,Washington


text:
Following on from work to expose the metrics available in the Xaqua platform by Scott we have started to consider the design opportunities to enhance sales trader user experience (UX).
Here we give sales traders visibility of the quoting activity of a client vs the sector, combined with other client specific information into an FX sales trader dashboard UI.
This design provides sales traders with:
- easy access to valuable client information
- additional channels for sales/client interaction via social media
- a 'smart watchlist' view of clients regularly quoted FX pairs.
Feedback from sales indicates this design increases both trade flow and client/trader satisfaction.
Filed under: FX, Rich Internet Applications, User Experience (UX) | Tagged: UX |


text:
ED administers programs authorized and funded by Congress. These programs provide financial aid
- for eligible applicants for elementary, secondary, and college education;
- for the education of individuals with disabilities and of those who are illiterate, disadvantaged, or gifted; and
- for the education of immigrants, American Indians, and people with limited English proficiency.
Search Programs
Find Programs By...
Programs by Eligibility
Select one of the eligibility type links below for a list of all ED programs for which that type of organization or individual is eligible to apply.


text:
Warning: "continue" targeting switch is equivalent to "break". Did you mean to use "continue 2"? in /home/lybs0cinwsl2/public_html/att/templates/att2017a/functions.php on line 199
Israel strikes Gaza, calls up reservists, ready to 'expand' operation
Palestinians extinguish fire from the car of Ahmaed Jaabari, head of the military wing of the Hamas movement, the Ezzedin Qassam Brigades, after it was hit by an Israeli air strike in Gaza City on November 14, 2012. (AFP Photo / Mahmud Hams)
The IDF announces a widespread campaign on "terror targets" and begins bombing the Gaza Strip, preparing for a ground operation. This comes after the head of Hamas' military wing Ahmed Jabari was killed in an Israeli airstrike.
Hamas says now in 'open war' with Israel, promises 'gates of hell'
The operation, called "Pillar of Defense", has been launched by the Israel military. Many of the buildings in downtown Gaza City are on fire after being attacked by Israeli warplanes, RT's Arabic correspondent Saed Swerky reports on Twitter.
The IDF says all options are on the table in Gaza, including a ground operation. Israeli warships have struck "terror sites" in the Gaza Strip, the military forces confirmed.
"Today we sent a clear message to Hamas and other terrorist organizations, and if it becomes necessary we are prepared to expand the operation," Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in a televised address on Wednesday.
Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu delivers a statement to the media in Tel Aviv November 14, 2012. (Reuters/Ronen Zvulu)
A combination photo shows the car of Hamas commander Ahmed Al-Jaabari exploding during an Israeli air strike in Gaza City in this handout video footage released by the Israeli Army on November 14, 2012. (Israeli Army/Handout)
IDF spokesperson Avital Leibovich told RT it is Hamas which is to blame for civilian deaths in the conflict.
"Hamas is a terror organization that chose deliberately to locate its rocket stores right in the middle of population centers. Hamas is responsible for any civilian deaths by doing this. The Gazans chose Hamas, Hamas chose terror, terror is rocket fire, we will not submit to this kind of situation. Hamas is responsible for the terror. We only target terrorists."
alestinians help to evacuate a woman following Israeli air strikes in Gaza City November 14, 2012. (Reuters/Ali Hassan)
The country's Defense Minister Ehud Barak declared a special situation in all Israeli territory, covering the area up to a radius of 40 kilometers around the Gaza Strip, the Jerusalem Post said.
The minister said that Israel is just at the start of the action, but in the long term, the operation will restore peace.
Israel has started emergency call up of reservists, while saying they are preparing for a ground invasion of Gaza, RT`s Tom Barton reports from Israel. The country's Security Council has authorized the IDF to call on reservists and extend the Gaza operation if necessary.
The strikes caused extensive damage to the long-range missile capabilities and underground weapons storage facilities, the IDF said on Twitter.
The Gaza Education Ministry has announced a suspension of study at Gaza schools and universities due to heavy fire by Israel.
A large explosion occurred near home of Hamas leader, Mahmoud Zahar, Al Arabiya reported.
The death toll from the strikes has risen to 15, with at least 100 wounded, Gaza`s health minister said.
Jabari was traveling in his vehicle in Gaza City when his car was struck, AP reports, citing witnesses. Reports say Jabari, his son and three other people were killed in the strike.
Smoke rises after an Israeli air strike in the northern Gaza Strip November 14, 2012. (Reuters / Amir Cohen )
An Israeli strike also targeted Raad Atar, another senior Hamas military wing commander, but he survived, Israeli Ynet reports.
The assassination has "opened the gates of hell," the Ezzedine al-Qassam Brigades, the armed wing of Hamas, were quoted by AFP as saying. The militants vowed to "continue the path of resistance."
The IDF stated on its website that it has launched a "widespread campaign on terror sites and operatives in the Gaza Strip" and Jabari was its first target. He's the highest ranking Hamas official to be killed since 2009, when Israel conducted ground offensive against Gaza.
"The purpose of this operation was to severely impair the command and control chain of the Hamas leadership, as well as its terrorist infrastructure. This was a surgical operation in cooperation with the Israeli Security Agency, that was implemented on the basis of concrete intelligence and using advanced capabilities," the statement said.
The crackdown follows the recent escalation of violence in the region. The conflict broke out last week when Palestinian militants attacked at an Israeli military jeep.
Israel responded with retaliatory attacks, to which the Gaza Strip replied with heavy rocket fire at southern Israel.
Jabari is the most senior Hamas official to be killed since Operation Cast Lead in Gaza four years ago. He is believed to be behind the notorious abduction and detention of Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit, who was held hostage for more than four years until being released last year as part of a hostage swap deal.


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Distillers Grains: The Name Means Little
Published on Thu, 01/13/2011 - 2:21pm
The recent boom in ethanol production is having widespread consequences within the various segments of the beef industry. One of those consequences is the volume and variable forms of the distillers' grains, the byproduct of grain-based ethanol production that are available to cattle feeders. These distiller's grains, as they are generally referred, come in various forms both dry and wet, and although most are corn based, they can and do come from a variety of other cereal grains.
Not helping are the accompanying myriad monikers that do little to intuitively differentiate the various forms, some of which are Distillers Dried Grains (DDG), Distillers Wet Grains (DWG), Distillers Dried Solubles (DDS), Condensed Distillers Solubles (CDS), and Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS). Adding to the confusion is the grain sources, corn, milo, wheat, etc., from which these distiller's grains are derived. Confused? Don't feel lonely you have plenty of company.
No doubt the list is confusing. The reason they are confusing to the cattle feeding industry is because the names mean little in terms of describing what they are nutritionally. Nutrient variability is due to the way they process the grain and segregate the constituent components before fermentation and how much the solubles are processed prior to being added back to the spent distiller's grain; if they are even added back at all, which is another significant variable. As one might expect, a great deal of nutrient variability exists with these products. This variability can be managed effectively and is being done today by cattle feeders that have employed expertise and new technology to manage it. The first step in developing and deploying this technology requires a paradigm shift in the way we think about ingredients.
Traditional finishing diets in the United States have remained consistent in terms of ingredient make up for many years. The costs associated with these ingredients have remained sufficiently within a range to warrant their continued use in predictable proportions. Most consulting nutritionists and those employed by feed yards have gotten comfortable with the relative consistency of the grains that make up 80 to 85% of the finishing diet. As is generally the case, long periods of comfort leads to complacency and complacency leads to a failure to challenge the status quo and innovate. The crutch of relative consistency has manifested itself as a lackadaisical approach to substantially improving diet design and productivity modeling.
The only general concerns we should have for an ingredient are safety and palatability. Obviously, it must be a safe ingredient that will not cause harm to cattle. After that cattle must be willing to consume it either alone or in a ration combined with other ingredients or the feedstuff is nutritionally useless. Beyond that an ingredient is nothing more than a carrier for nutrients. Taking that approach and focusing on better understanding the nutrients and their inherent variability facilitates the discovery of new ways to practically apply them in meeting the requirements of the cattle.
Once we diverted our focus from the ingredient to the nutrients, their interaction with other nutrients and how they impact performance, and began to develop systems and processes to deal with the nutrients in feedstuffs, our method of valuation changed. What a variable byproduct is called is simply not what it is. In the case of relatively high variable feedstuffs, the names simply become a veil as it were.
So what do the names mean other than to define gross morphology? What good is a name if it has no meaning in describing something of importance relative to its intended use? For cattle feeding, these names mean little except to potentially describe their handling properties. They mean nothing unless they represent some reasonable degree of nutrient consistency important in cattle diets, particularly when used at high inclusion rates. Because of the nutrient variability not only between, but also within the various distillers' grain byproducts available in the market, the myriad names mean nothing.
By focusing on the nutrient streams that come from specific ethanol plants we can optimally utilize the feedstuff for its complete nutritional benefit to the animal, and highest economic benefit to the cattle feeder. We can still experience variability from a single plant, which is why we must develop a symbiotic relationship between the ethanol plant and the feed yard.
Cargill Animal Nutrition facilitates these relationships and has developed a process to gather, analyze, quantify and catalog the nutrient information and make it available to the Cargill MAX™ System in a timely fashion to accurately and most cost effectively utilize the byproduct stream in the diet. This is the only truly closed loop system in existence that electronically links sampling, analysis, data storage and transfer to an on site diet design productivity modeling system, capable of completely and accurately exploiting the value of "distillers grains" regardless of the myriad names by which they are referred.
The names don't begin to tell the story and relying on them will lead you down a rough road nutritionally. Focusing on the nutrients can lead to higher inclusion rates in finishing diets, up to fifty percent in some cases, and superior cattle performance. The future in the cattle feeding industry is with those entities that deploy the technology to truly focus on the nutrients. Names mean little when incorporating distiller's grains into cattle diets.


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Professor of EU Law at the University of Tirana, former Albanian deputy minister of justice and 2020-2021 European Young Leader (EYL40)
Fjoralba is the former Albanian minister for justice covering European integration and anti-corruption policies. Having started her career as an academic teaching EU Law, she has maintained an ongoing cooperation with civil society organisations. She also served as a lawyer on issues related to strategic litigation and offered legal aid for people in need and for marginalised communities. In addition, she has led projects focusing on youth and national anti-corruption campaigns, including "Fighting Corruption in the Higher Education System" and "Bookworm Project – outdoors mini-library".


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Patricia Adams
Opinio Juris
April 15, 2008
I am very grateful to Professors Mitu Gulati and Sarah Ludington for the wealth of information they have gathered about the life of Alexander Sack, the Russian legal scholar who penned the doctrine of odious debts, in their article "A Convenient Untruth: Fact and Fantasy in the Doctrine of Odious Debts." I have taken note of the authors' view that an inadvertent error was made by Michael Hoeflich, whom I cited in my book, Odious Debts: Loose Lending, Corruption and the Third World's Environmental Legacy. I will amend the online version of my book, to discuss their view that Sack was a legal advisor to the Provisional Government of 1917, rather than a minister in the Tsarist regime.
In their paper's abstract, Gulati and Ludington set out to expose the "murky reality" of the life of Alexander Nahum Sack, and how this reality conflicts with the "myth perpetuated in the odious debts literature." The dominant theme, though insinuated rather than stated clearly, is that the odious debts movement has deliberately exaggerated Sack's eminence in order to establish the doctrine as customary international law. The authors also make few distinctions among the various organizations in the debt forgiveness movement. I would recommend that the authors stick to the facts rather than assign motives, and be precise in their charges rather than employing broad brushes.
The facts they do present in their paper, in my view, do not diminish Sack's scholarship on the issue of state debts and odious debts, in particular, but strengthen it. Moreover, rather than dispel myths, I fear their paper creates them.
Let me start with the issue I know best, the views that the authors, with their broad brush, may be wrongly ascribing to me. They seem to think that I have embraced Sack's doctrine in order to indiscriminately relieve Third World debts. They have jumped to that conclusion without any basis in fact – nothing in my writings or in my organization's indicate that Probe International is after debt relief, per se. Rather, as our history shows, we want honest and accountable international finance by establishing the responsibilities of creditors (or borrowers), and thus their rights to repayment (or repudiation). For this reason, we have always argued against giving blank checks to Third World governments in the first order, or in the form of debt relief.
While we are concerned about Third World poverty, we are not a poverty group. But, we believe, a crucial step in eliminating Third World poverty is to eliminate the moral hazard that has plagued sovereign Third World borrowing for the past 60 years. We applaud Sack for wanting countries and their citizens to assume responsibility for legitimate state debts. We also applaud him for wanting to place responsibility for the illegitimate debts where they belong — with the lenders and the true borrowing party, the dictator. Nowhere do I try to make of him a radical, as the authors seem to believe.
From this wrong premise as to my motives (as part of the so-called "radical debt forgiveness movement"), the authors seem to have leapt to other unwarranted assumptions. For example, to extract this "radical debt forgiveness" agenda from Alexander Sack's doctrine they imply that I (and the "debt forgiveness crowd") had to do some fancy footwork around Sack's "consistently and uncompromisingly pro-creditor position" to fit his thesis to our bill. Here they have misrepresented Sack's thesis.
Sack argued that state debts should be repaid in the interest of international commerce, with one exception — when the debts are odious. This is the qualifier — when creditors lend to a sovereign they need beware that the funds are not ultimately used against the interests of the people, to oppress the people, for manifestly personal purposes, etc., lest they lose their claim to repayment. To avoid arbitrary repudiation, Sack also proposed an arbitral procedure in which each side could make their case.
Are the authors saying that Sack didn't mean to carve out "odious" debts as the exception to the rule of repayment of state debts? Are they saying that he disingenuously designed his test of odiousness to fail and therefore to appease creditors of the day? I prefer to take Sack at his written word rather than assign motives to a dead man as the authors seem to have done.
To their credit, Professors Gulati and Ludington concede that Sack's innovative proposal for a new body of law that viewed states as private actors when they borrowed from foreign citizens on the international debt market – essentially, private contract law — didn't turn out to be harebrained after all, even though it was dismissed at the time by some in the legal academy. "Sack was prescient," they say, "because this is indeed the way in which the law governing state debts to foreign bondholders has evolved."
I would argue that Sack's genius may have stemmed from his economics and public finance perspective, and from experience that gave him novel insight into the perils of sovereign borrowing.
But there I go again, "lionizing" the man. I don't mean to give credit to Alexander Sack to the exclusion of other scholars who have written about sovereign debt: I am grateful to Jeze for his articulation of the phrase "debts de regime," to Charles Cheney Hyde for his notion of "hostile debts," to the American Commissioners to the Spanish-American War peace negotiations for their arguments against assuming the so-called Cuban debts, to Chief Justice Taft for his opinion about the legitimacy of the Tinoco debts, and to Grotius for using the word "odious" 400 years ago, etc. The more the better, I say. But, as professors Gulati and Ludington point out, Sack did a rather good job synthesizing the various principles articulated by the above mentioned scholars and developing the concept of the duty of creditors. In short, he fashioned the doctrine of odious debts.
His inspired insights resonate with me. And — I'll go out on a limb here – with millions (even billions, I dare say) of ordinary citizens around the world who sense that there ought to be a law against the kind of unaccountable sovereign borrowing that created the intractable Third World debt crisis.
As a non lawyer, but as one who is constantly searching for rules of law to correct injustices, derisive treatment of Alexander Sack at Gulati and Ludington's hand suggests to me that the problem rests more with the process of international law-making than with Mr. Sack.
Put another way, does it really matter to law-makers today if Alexander Sack is deemed to have had no authority (according to the rules of international law making) to influence international public law, if the people, masses of people, say his formulation of the doctrine of odious debts is the law they want? More than people wanting his law, his doctrine has been accepted by quasi-judicial bodies such as the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which surely must have some standing, by large segments of the Church community as a whole, which as we all know once wrote the law, and by leaders and governments in numerous countries. And their approach is not to repudiate, but to investigate, to separate the odious debts from the non-odious debts, and then to arbitrate. Alexander Nahum Sack made a great contribution to the advancement of the rule of law, a contribution that almost a century later resonates with great force. We should give the man his due.
And that is something the authors seem intent on robbing him of posthumously.
I am not persuaded that Sack did not enjoy wide respect in his day. For someone – a Jew in the anti-Semitic Europe of 100 years ago no less — to have been welcomed into the University of Petrograd, the school of International Law at The Hague, the Institute des Sciences Sociales et Politiques and the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Internationales in Paris, as he was, is remarkable. For a prestigious publisher to publish his major work, as it did, and for the work to be widely and favorably (and unfavorably) reviewed by some of the most prominent scholars in international law as it was, also demands respect. For respected schools such as Northwestern University and later New York University to have sought him, as they did, also speaks to the high regard in which he must have been held. There is no basis on which to judge Sack's hardships as being deserved. After all, they chiefly stemmed from an accusation of having Soviet sympathies, a not uncommon charge in that nascent McCarthyite era, but surely a threatening and disturbing one to someone such as Alexander Sack.
To denigrate Sack, as the authors do, by portraying him as having no eminence as a scholar in any field of law, by describing his teaching history as "peripatetic," and his response to ill-treatment (firing) by NYU as "cantankerous, outspoken, querulous and litigious" rings of "it serves him right."
In the end, it seems to me that Gulati and Ludington are saying that Alexander Sack's formulation of a doctrine of odious debts should be discounted because he wasn't eminent enough or pleasant enough to win friends and influence people in international law. That he may have been difficult to work with (if this is indeed the case) seems beside the point. Many great personages throughout history have been difficult if not impossible to work with. We remember them for their accomplishments, not for their desirability as dinner guests.
Read the original… [PDFver here]
Categories: Africa, Odious Debts


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Capcom and Nintendo have always had a rather close relationship. In 2002, though, the pair became blood brothers. Or so people thought.
That was the year the infamous "Capcom Five" were announced by the Osaka-based publisher, a range of titles seemingly designed to give Nintendo's fledgling GameCube a shot in the arm, and which ended up doing nothing of the sort.
From Mega Man being one of the stars of the NES to Capcom's development of a few Zelda titles for the Game Boy, the Japanese giants had for years enjoyed a fruitful partnership. By the time Nintendo came to release its GameCube console, however, things weren't quite so cosy.
The arrival of the PlayStation in the mid-90's had seen Capcom shift much of its attention to Nintendo's rival, with games like Resident Evil helping put Sony's console on the map. Perhaps seeking to address this, and to help swing a little hardcore gaming attention back towards Nintendo's console, in 2002 Capcom announced the "Capcom Five".
This was a deal that would see five games, all developed and published by Capcom's finest talent, land exclusively on the GameCube. Those five games were:
- Killer7
- Dead Phoenix
- Resident Evil 4
- Viewtiful Joe
It was seemingly a huge coup for Nintendo, as among the five games was a true Resident Evil sequel, while other titles would be led by stars like Resident Evil creator Shinji Mikami and Devil May Cry's Hideki Kamiya.
Turns out, though, that Nintendo's white knight was the result of some PR miscommunication, and not an act of corporate benevolence. Although announced by Capcom in December 2002 as being five titles to be released exclusively for the Nintendo GameCube, only a month later the publisher was forced to backpedal and say that it was only Resident Evil 4 that would be a GameCube exclusive. The other four titles, while definitely slated to appear on Nintendo's console, were also up for grabs if anyone else wanted them.
If that didn't take the wind out of Nintendo fanboy's sails, what was to come certainly would.
The first Capcom Five game released was P.N.03, an action title with a female lead and a clean sci-fi aesthetic. While appreciated now as being a little ahead of its time, P.N.03 was both a critical and commercial disappointment, especially given the fact it had led the charge of the Capcom Five. Next up was Viewtiful Joe, and again, while earning praise for its quirky looks and interesting time mechanics, it failed to set the world on fire.
Dead Phoenix should have been the next game, but it was cancelled after it failed to make an appearance at E3 2003, and cancelled so early in development nobody really even knows what the game was about. With three of the five games now accounted for, reality was having a very hard time keeping up with expectations.
It would be almost two years until the fourth of the Capcom Five games were released, and finally, it was one worth the wait. Resident Evil 4 hit shelves in 2005, and as one of the greatest games ever made, ensured that even if the other four titles faded into history, at least one of the Capcom Five had made its mark, not just for its parent company, but for the GameCube it had provided some much-needed street cred for.
The fifth and final game, 2005's Killer7, is perhaps the most memorable of Grasshopper boss Goichi Suda's works, and while the twisted, murderous plot and unique graphics of the game earned it a cult following, it divided critics and failed to resonate with a wide audience.
Of the five games, then, one was cancelled. P.N.03, Viewtiful Joe and Killer7 did...OK. And Dead Phoenix never even saw the light of day. For GameCube owners, the Capcom Five thus ended up a bit of a disappointment, as aside from Resident Evil 4 many were hoping for a little more given the development talent involved in the titles.
Beyond GameCube owners, though, Nintendo fans were even more disappointed, as what had once been promised as a series of exclusive titles ended up being anything but. While P.N.03 remained a GameCube exclusive, Viewtiful Joe and Killer7 both found their way to the PlayStation 2, and in both instances even featured a little extra content not available in the GameCube versions (though to be fair both games were slightly inferior ports on the PS2).
Most distressing, though, was the fate of Resident Evil 4. The only game of the Capcom Five truly heralded as a Nintendo exclusive, it not only found its way to the PlayStation 2, but has since turned up on other non-Nintendo systems like the PC and iPhone, and will later this year also be released on the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3.
In the end, though, did it really matter? It's not like any of them could have saved the GameCube, whose problems (lack of DVD playback and support from other third party publishers just for starters) were too numerous for five magical Capcom titles to fix.
And as for those strange Nintendo fans outraged at the PS2 version of Resient Evil 4, you still got the game, got it first and got the better version. That's a lot more than impartial bystanders would have expected from the GameCube in 2005.
Total Recall is a look back at the history of video games through their characters, franchises, developers and trends.


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Monday, July 30, 2007
1914 — Born Feb. 5 at 4664 Pershing Ave., St. Louis.
1920-1926 — Community School, St. Louis.
1926-1929 — John Burroughs School, St. Louis.
1929-1930 — Los Alamos Ranch School, New Mexico.
1931-1932 — Taylor School, St Louis.
1932-1936 — Harvard University, studies English literature.
1936-1937 — University of Vienna, Austria, studies medicine.
1937 — Marries Ilse Herzfeld Klapper, a wealthy Jewish German, in August so she could emigrate to the U.S. and avoid Nazi persecution. The two see each other socially in New York until Ilse returns to Europe in 1945. They divorce in 1946.
1937-1938 — Columbia University, studies psychology.
1938-1940 — Harvard University, studies anthropology.
1939-1941 — Applies four times to serve in various branches of the military; turned down each time.
1940 — Cuts off finger in late April, perhaps in an act of self-mutilation to impress an unfaithful boyfriend; or to achieve full "transference" with his psychiatrist Herbert Wiggers; or to emulate the Crow Indians' vision-quest rites; or to prove to himself that his Yoga techniques gave him power to ignore pain. Admitted to Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic through late May. Then heads to St. Louis.
1942 — Volunteers for U.S. Army at Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis. Accepted as private first class; mental breakdown and discharge by fall.
1942-1943 — In Chicago, working as an exterminator and briefly as a shipping clerk and as an employee-fraud detective. Becomes friends there with young Lucien Carr and Dave Kammerer, both from St. Louis.
1943-1946 — Back in NYC in the fall , working as a bartender and process server for a private investigator. Carr and Kammerer also in NYC; Carr for Columbia classes, Kammerer to be where Carr is. Carr becomes a drinking acquaintance of Jack Kerouac around the West End Bar near Columbia. In late December, Allen Ginsberg introduces himself to Carr (in Kammerer's dorm room). Within a few weeks Carr introduces Ginsberg and Kerouac to his friends from St. Louis, Burroughs and Kammerer.
1944 — In spring, meets Joan Vollmer, former Barnard student and roommate of Edie Parker (Kerouac's future first wife).
1945 — First narcotics addiction, January. Begins relationship with Joan Vollmer.
1945 — Carr kills Kammerer in August on the banks of the Hudson River, at the foot of 115th St. Portrayed as "honor slaying" when Kammerer made insistent physical sexual advances on Carr; they had been friends for five years, since Carr was 16. Burroughs and Kerouac involved (the latter jailed), as material witnesses / accessories.
1946 — Drugs-related arrest in April. Goes to St. Louis.
1946 — Marries Joan Vollmer. Moves with her from NYC to Texas.
1947 — Bill Jr. born in July in Conroe, Texas.
1948 — Moves to New Orleans in June. Soon becomes re-addicted to junk.
1949 — Drug-related arrest in April. Moves to Mexico City.
1950-1952 — Mexico City College, studied Anthropology.
1950-1952 — Writes "Junky."
"The Death of Joan Vollmer: What Really Happened?"
First published on lawrence.com, "The Death of Joan Vollmer" meticulously explores the history surrounding Burroughs' shooting and killing his wife, Joan. Download the full document (1.9MB PDF)In 5 parts:Download pages 1-14 (274K PDF)Download pages 15-28 (576K PDF)Download pages 29-42 (594K PDF)Download pages 43-56 (548K PDF)Download pages 57-70 (187K PDF)
1951 — Shoots his wife Joan Vollmer in Mexico City on Sept. 6 following six-week trip to South America with Lewis Marker. The drug-addled "William Tell" stunt was officially ruled an accident. (See "The Death of Joan Vollmer: What Really Happened?")
1951-1953 — Writes "Queer" (published 1985).
1953 — Yage voyage in South America, Jan-Aug.
1953 — "Junky" published in Aug.
1954-1957 — In Tangier, writing "Naked Lunch."
1958 — Living in Paris in the so-called "Beat Hotel." Begins collaborations with Byron Gysin.
1959 — "Naked Lunch" published in Europe in Aug.
1959 — Life Magazine runs story on the Beats called "The Only Rebellion Around."
1960 — Meets future companion Ian Sommerville. Goes to London.
1961 — "The Soft Machine" published.
1962 — "The Ticket That Exploded" published.
1964 — "Nova Express" published.
1966 — "Naked Lunch" finally gets U.S. distribution after charges of obscenity rejected by courts.
1967 — Future companion and estate executor, James Grauerholz, reads Naked Lunch in Coffeyville, Kansas, age 14.
1968 — Attends Democratic convention in Chicago during summer with Jean Genet, Terry Southern, Allen Ginsberg, Richard Seaver, John Berendt, the convention-coverage team from Esquire magazine. Witnesses police riots against demonstrators.
1969 — Jack Kerouac dies in St. Petersburg FL, October, massive esophageal hemorrhage caused by hepatic cirrhosis.
1969 — "The Last Words of Dutch Schultz" published. Finishes Wild Boys in Marrakech.
1971 — "The Wild Boys: A Book Of The Dead" published.
1973 — "Port of Saints" published.
1974 — Moves from London to New York to teach at CCNY, Jan.-May.
1974 — Burroughs and Grauerholz meet in Feb. 1974.
1976-1978 — Living mostly in Boulder, Colorado, as adjunct faculty at the Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics of Naropa Institute, but mainly in aftermath of his son Bill Jr.'s liver transplant in Aug. 1976.
1978 — Moves back to NYC in fall, for Nova Convention (11/30-12/4).
1978-1981 — Burroughs living in the so-called "Bunker," 222 Bowery. Becomes readdicted to heroin during the "Lower East Side White-Out" of the late 1970s; the Bunker is one block from the junk-dealer streets of Stanton and Rivington. Working with Victor Bockris on the latter's "With William Burroughs: A Report from the Bunker."
Burroughs House
19th and Learnard, Lawrence
1979 — Grauerholz moves to Lawrence in spring.
1980 — Goes on methadone in New York, Aug.
1981 — Son Bill Jr. dies March 3. "Cities of the Red Night" published.
1981-1982 — Burroughs enticed by Grauerholz to move to Lawrence. Arrives at the end of Dec and lives in "Stone House" through fall, where he makes first "shotgun art" works.
1982 — Moves to 1927 Learnard, Lawrence, in Sept.
1983 — "The Place of Dead Roads" published.
1984 — Elected to the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters; later that year he was given the order of "Commandeur del'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres" by the Ministry of Culture of France.
1986 — Brion Gysin dies in Paris, July, after long respiratory illnesses. Burroughs devastated.
1987 — "Drawing Dialogue" with Philip Taaffe in Lawrence. Begins painting. Rents studio in the old barbed-wire factory building on Kaw riverfront, to paint and write.
1987 — "The Western Lands" published.
1987 — River City Reunion held in Lawrence, end of August. View event program: small (6MB PDF) | large (16MB PDF)
1987 — First art exhibition in Dec.: Tony Shafrazi Gallery in lower Manhattan NYC.
1988-1990 — Art exhibition openings in UK and Europe.
1991 — Triple bypass surgery, June.
1992-1993 — Steven Lowe in Lawrence, working with Burroughs.
1993 — Featured in GAP ad campaign.
1993 — Kurt Cobain visits Burroughs in Oct., six months before committing suicide.
1994 — Featured in Nike ad campaign.
1995 — Featured in Ministry video.
1995 — "My Education: A Book of Dreams" published.
1996 — Ports of Entry retrospective at the LA County Museum of Art, July.
1996 — Ports of Entry show at Spencer Museum. Nova Convention Revisited at Lied Center, Nov.
1996-1997 — Writing Last Words journals.
1997 — Dies 6 p.m. Aug. 2, at Lawrence Memorial Hospital. Buried on Aug. 7 at Bellefontaine Cemetery St. Louis, Burroughs family plot.
— The information in this time line provided in large part by James Grauerholz
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Microsoft to use Opera browser on low, mid-market phones
OSLO - Microsoft has agreed to install Opera Software's Internet browser on low and mid-market mobile phones it inherited from Nokia, potentially putting Opera Mini on another 100 million phones year.
The deal comes after Microsoft completed its $7.5 billion takeover of Nokia's handset business in April and announced it would cut 18,000 jobs as part of its efforts to halve the size of the Nokia phone business.
"This is a great agreement for us, and something we have been dreaming of for 10 years and now it's finally happening," Opera Chief Executive Lars Boilesen said.
Opera shares surged after the deal was announced on Thursday and at 1410 GMT they were trading up 10 percent, giving the firm a market capitalisation of $1.8 billion.
Opera, which also generates revenues from digital advertising platforms, said the deal would be profitable from day one. It declined to estimate the expected volume, but a source close to the agreement said Opera Mini could now be installed on an additional 100 million handsets a year.
Opera also raised its full-year guidance, predicting earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization would be $117 million to $124 million, up from previous guidance of $110-120 million, while revenues would come in at $480-500 million versus a previous forecast of $435-460 million.
Norway's Opera said Microsoft would automatically put the Opera Mini browser, known for its ability to compress content and save on data charges, on its feature phones -- mobile phones with more limited capacity than so-called smartphones.
Opera said Microsoft was essentially outsourcing web browser development for all phones that do not use its Windows operating system. Opera Mini will also be pushed out to existing phones to encourage uses to upgrade from the Xpress browser.
"The deal involves feature phones and the Asha product line, which is good, but there is a potential kicker here if they manage to convert existing users, like they say they will," Christer Roth an analyst at DNB Markets said.
"If they succeed then it would give them a solid user base growth, which they indirectly can monetize," Roth said. "The most lucrative part would be if they managed to take over the browser part of all windows phones."
The Opera Mini browser is installed on 250 million phones, primarily in emerging markets. It can compress data by as much as 90 percent, saving operators bandwidth and is compatible with nearly all Internet-capable devices.
Rich Bernardo, head of legacy business, phones, at Microsoft said the deal would allow the company to provide continuity of service as it moves from the Xpress browser to Opera Mini.
"All new phones will be delivered with Opera as their default browser from now on," Boilesen said. "The only thing we are not doing so far is delivering browsers to their Windows Smartphone platform."
"I'm confident that if this deal becomes a success we will deliver browsers to their Windows phones as well," he said.
In the second quarter, Opera's adjusted EBITDA rose 24 percent to $27 million, beating forecasts for $24.7 million.


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Q: I really like this guy. He's sweet and funny and he always leaves his friends and comes and sits with me at lunch. I'm not sure if he likes me, and I don't know what to do. Help!
A: It's easy to assume that guys don't get intimidated by us the way we can get intimidated by them. But this just isn't true! He may in fact like you, but is too scared to say anything about it. If he leaves his friends at lunch to come sit with you, then you at least know he likes you as a friend. If I were you, I'd take the initiative to ask what he's up to after school or on the weekend and see if he wants to hang out. By saying this, you're not putting yourself out there too much because you're not telling him you like him, only asking him if he's up for doing something.
Q: Do guys prefer a girl who acts like one of the guys?
A: Every guy is different, so it's hard to say. I've found that something nearly all guys like is a confident girl who is true to herself, has her own personality, and is easy to relate to. You don't have to do everything a guy does to be easy to relate to, you just have to be down to earth and willing to talk with them about their interests (even if they're different from yours).
More From Seventeen
Q: My best friend has liked me for almost a year! I love him, but I'm not in love with him, and I really like this other guy. I don't want to hurt my friend, but I really want to pursue something with my crush! What do I do?
A: The best thing you can do is be honest with your best friend. Although it will be hard for him to know you like someone else, it may help him get over his feelings for you. If he doesn't know you like a different guy he may be thinking he has a chance. Tell him you really care about him and would never want to hurt him, but you also never want to lie to him. Then say that you want him to know—from you—that you're interested in someone else.


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A Note of Genesis
Publication in Class C.
Issued by Order:
D.D.S. 7 ○ = 4 □ Praemonstrator
O.S.V. 6 ○ = 5 □ Imperator
N.S.F. 5 ○ = 6 □ Chancellarius
THE following Essay is one of the most remarkable studies in the Hebrew Qabalah known to me.
Its venerable author was an adept familiar with many systems of symbolism, and able to harmonise them for himself, even as now is accomplished for all men in the Book 777.
In the year 1899 he was graciously pleased to receive me as his pupil, and, living in his house, I studied daily under his guidance the Holy Qabalah. Upon his withdrawal — whether to enjoy his Earned Reward, or to perform the Work of the Brotherhood in other lands or planets matters nothing here — he bequeathed to me a beautiful Garden, the like of which hath rarely been seen upon Earth.
It has been my pious duty to collate and comment upon this arcane knowledge, long treasured in my heart, watered alike by my tears and my blood, and sunned by that all-glorious Ray that multiplieth itself into an Orb ineffable.
In this Garden no flower was fairer than this exquisite discourse; I beg my readers to pluck it and lay it in their hearts.
It should be studied in connection with the Book 777, and with the Sepher Sephiroth, a magical dictionary of pure {165} number which was begun by the author of this essay, carried on by myself, and now about to be published as soon as the MS. can be prepared.
The reader who is at all familiar with the sublime computations of the Qabalah will find no difficulty in appreciating this Essay to the full; but all will gain benefit from the study of the ratiocinative methods employed. These methods, indeed, are so fine and subtile that they readily sublime into the Intuitive. This study is truly a Royal Magistry, an easy and sure means of exalting the consciousness from Ruach to Neschamah.
IN the First Verse of the First Chapter of the First Five Books of the Holy Law: it is written: — B'RAShITh Ba RA ALoHIM ATh HaShaMaIM VaATH HaAReTz, or in Aramaic script
Bet-Resh-Aleph-Shin-Yod-Taw Bet-Resh-Aleph Aleph-Lamed-Heh-Yod-Memfinal Aleph-Taw Heh-Shin-Mem-Yod-Memfinal Vau-Aleph-Taw Heh-Aleph-Resh-Tzaddifinal
Such are the Seven Words which constitute the Beginnings or Heads of One Law; and I propose to show, by applying to the Text the Keys of the Qabalah, that not merely the surface meaning is contained therein.
In the Beginning, created, God, the Essence of the Heavens, and the Essence, of the Earth.
| In the Beginning.
In Wisdom
In the Head1)
|} Created {
| God
The Elohim
The Holy Gods
|} the Essence2) {
| of the
|and the Essence
|of the Earth
Contained therein also are the Divine, Magical, and Terrestrial Formulae of the Passage of the Incomprehensible Nothingness of the Ain Soph to the Perfection of Creation {167} expressed by the Ten Voices or Emanations of God the Vast One — Blessed be He! — even the Holy Sephiroth.
And the Method whereby I shall work shall be the One Absolute and inerratic Science: the Science of Number: which is that single Mystery of the Intellect of Man whereby he becometh exalted unto the Throne of Inflexible and Unerring Godhead.
As it is written, "Oh, how the World hath Inflexible Intellectual Rulers" (Zoroaster).
But before I may proceed unto the Qabalistical3) enumeration and analysis of the Text, a certain preamble in the fruitful fields of that Science will become necessary. The Evolution of the Numbers is the Evolution of the Worlds, for as it is written in the Clavicula Salomonis, "The Numbers are Ideas; and the Ideas are the Powers, and the Powers are the Holy Elohim of Life." That which is behind and beyond all Number and all thought (even as the Ain Soph with its Mighty Veils depending back from Kether is behind and beyond all Manifestation) is the Number 0. Its symbol is the very Emblem of Infinite Space and Infinite Time.4)
Multiply by it any active and manifested number; and that number vanishes — sinks into the Ocean of Eternity. So also is the Ain Soph. From it proceed all Things: unto It all will return, when the Age of Brahman is over and done, and the day of Peace-Be-with-Us is declared by Thoth, {168} the Great God, and the Material Universe sinketh into Infinity.
The first Number, then is ONE; emblem of the All-Father; the Unmanifest Mind behind all Manifestation: the First Mind. Multiply by It any other Number — for the Multiplication of the Numbers is a Generation, as is the Multiplication of Men and Gods — and behold! the Resultant is a replica of the Number taken. So is One the All-Father, the All-begetter — generating and producing all.
The next step is the division into TWO. Thus was manifested the Great Dual Power of Nature. As above, so below. And thus we find that the simple division into two is the method of multiplication of the Amoeba, the lowest, simplest, and most absolute form of physical life that we know.
The Dual Power of Nature is the Great Mother of the Worlds.
Again, to draw an analogy from the Material World, consider the Moon, our Mother. Behold in her the Typic representative of the Powers of the Two. Light and Darkness, Flux and Reflux, Ebb and Flow — these are her manifested Powers in Nature — where also she binds the Great Waters to her Will.
Now in the Yetziratic Attribution is the second number, Beth (i.e., a House), an Abode, the Dwelling of the Holy One, shown to be equivalent to the Sphere of Kokab and his lords. And the symbolic weapon of Mercury is the Caduceus, whose Twin Serpents show again the Dualistic Power. (Note. — Woden, the Scandinavian Mercury, was the All-Father, as it is written in the Ritual of the Path of the Spirit of the Primal {169} Fire HB:Shin. "For all things did the Father of All Things perfect, and delivered them over unto the Second Mind; whom all Races of Men call 'First.') Behold, then, in these two great Numbers 1 and 2 the Father and the Mother of the Worlds and of Numbers.
Now these twain being Conjoined and manifest in ONE, produce the Number 3; as it is written: "For the Mind of the Father said that 'All Things should be cut into Three,' Whose Will5) assenting All Things were so divided. For the Mind of the Father said Into three, governing All Things by Mind. And there appeared in it the Triad, Virtue and Wisdom and Multiscient Truth." Thus floweth forth the form of the Triad.6)
Thus is formulated the Creative Trinity which is, as it were, the essential preliminary to Manifestation.
This Mystic Son of the Eternal Parents, having for his number 3, is typified in all the sacred scripts by that number. Thus it is written of the manifestation of the Son of God upon the Earth, "Shiloh shall come" (the initial of which Mystery-Name is HB:Shin = 300). And in the Grecian tongue it is written: "In the beginning was the Word," &c., which is lambda omicron gamma omicron sigma (lambda = 30). But the best of all the Examples is found in the Holy Tetragram Yod-Heh-Vau-Heh. For we may regard this venerable name as typical of the Father and the Mother, and so divided into Vau-Heh and Yod-Heh.7) Now if into the midst of this divided Name {170} we cast the triple fire of the Holy letter HB:Shin = 300, we get the name of the Godhead Incarnate upon Earth, Yod-Heh-Shin-Vau-Heh. But 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, which is the number of HB:Vau, the third letter of the Venerable Name: Microprosopus and the Son of God.
We are now, therefore, arrived at the Great Mystery of the Tetractys, and to go further we must resort to the Twin Sister of the Science of Number — which, indeed, is but Number made Flesh: Geometry, or Absolute Symbolism. Even as it was spoken by the holy Pythagoras: "God geometrises."
Let us behold the Work of His Fingers!
In both of these Symbols the all-including circle represents the underlying idea of the Number 0: the Infinite: Parabrahman: the Ain Soph. In the first is shown the Mystic Trinity before manifestation; as it were unlimited, unbound, and unbounded, inoperative because of its diffusiveness and dispersion. In the second figure we behold their concentration: focalisation: producing by their joint action the number of manifestation — 4. In the worlds — Assiah: in the Taro, the Princess — the throne of the Spirit: in the Tetragram, the He final, and in symbolic language — the Daughter: in the Cycle of Life (Birth, Life, Death, Resurrection), the forth; in the Keys of the Book Universal, the Empress, Kappa-omicron-rho-eta Kappa-omicron-sigma-mu-omicron-upsilon, the Virgin of the World, Venus, Aphrodite: Centrum in Trigonis Centri — by whatsoever of a myriad names we call Her, still the same in Spirit, the same in Number and in form! And this number is herein formulated by the Concentration of the Three in One. 3 + 1 = 4. Now in this Figure II. we behold six certain Paths; and in six days did {172} God create the Heavens and the Earth. And the total numeration of its numbers is the Perfect Number, even the Decade of the Sephiroth. (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10.)
Thus can our Science teach us wherefore the Door8) of Venus, HB:Dalet, is the Gateway of Initiation: that one planet whose symbol alone embraceth the 10 Sephiroth; the Entrance to the Shrine of our Father C.R.C., the Tomb of Osiris; the God Revealer, coming, moreover, by the Central Path of HB:Samekh through the midst of the Triangle of Light. And the Lock which guards that Door is as the Four Gates of the Universe. And the Key is The Ankh, Immortal Life — the Rose and Cross of Life; and the Symbol of Venus ♀.
By producing the Paths whereby the Forces of the Three ("see" Second Symbol) were concentred into four, we find they {173} read 1 + 4 = 5, 2 + 4 = 6, 3 + 4 = 7. And thus is revealed the Second Triangle of the Hexagram of Creation.9)
Further, this Reflected Triangle showeth forth the evolution of the four Worlds and their Consolidation: for
|1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = Yod =
|1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15 = Yod Heh =
|1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21 = Yod Heh Vau =
|1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 710) = 28 = 2 + 8 = 10
The Number 28, the total numeration, therefore represents Malkuth, the Tenth Sephira: Assiah made manifest — the Work of Creation accomplished: wherefore God rested on the Seventh Day. And 28 is 7 x 4, the seven stars shining throughout the four Worlds.
One thing is significant, indeed. Let us take the Primal Three and convert those Numbers into Colours. So we get HB:Aleph, the Father, the Yellow Ray of the Dawning Sun of Creation; HB:Mem, the Mother, the Blue Ray of the Great Primaeval Waters; HB:Shin, the Son, the Red Ray: the Ruach Elohim,11) symbol of the Red Fire of God, which brooded (v.2) upon the Face of the Waters: or like the Red Glory that lights up the Heavens at Dawn, when the Golden Sun illumines the Waters above the Firmament. Now this Red Glory is the {174} IGNIS DEI: which is also the AGNUS DEI, or Lamb of God that destroyeth (literally burns out) the Sins of the World. As it is written in the Ordinary of the Mass: the Priest goeth unto the South of the Altar and prays: "O Agnus Dei! qui tollis – qui tollis Peccata Mundi — Dona Nobis Pacem!" And this Fire, this Lamb of God, is Aries, Symbol of the Dawning Year: whose colour also is as the Red Fire, and which is the head of the Fiery Triplicity in the Zodiac. So also in the Grade of Neophyte in the Order of the Golden Dawn the Hierophant weareth a robe of flame-scarlet as symbolic of the Dawn.
NOTE. — It may be objected to this enunciation of the colours that HB:Yod, the Father, is Fire; that HB:Heh, the Mother, is Water; that HB:Vau, the Son, is Air, and Yellow instead of Red. This also is true, but it relates to the governance of the Elemental Kingdoms, which are in the Astral Worlds, and whose monads are on the descending arc of Life, whilst Man is on the Ascending; that scale is therefore inverted. For by the mighty sacrifice of the Man Made Flesh and by His Torturous Pilgrimage is evolved that Glorified Son Who is Greater than His Father. In Alchemy we have again the descending arc, for we find that the red powder cast upon the Water of the Metals produceth the Golden Sol. But it is important not to confuse. The Christians have terribly muddled their Trinity by making the Son the second instead of the third Principle; whilst with them the Holy Spirit at one Time symbolizes the Mother and at another the Son.
Thus at the Annunciation and at the Baptism of the Christ the S.S. appeareth as a Dove, emblem of Venus and the Mother: whilst the S.S. that descended upon the Apostles at {175} Pentecost was in reality the Spirit of the Christ, and therefore symbolised by the HB:Shin ("see" Lecture on Microcosmos in MSS. of R.R. et A.C.).
In Theosophical nomenclature this latter was the anas or Jeheshuah: the third Principle.
For the same reason I have drawn the triangle with the 3 uppermost instead of .
IT was necessary that I should go thus somewhat at length into this Mystery of the Opening of the Numbers, because without this explanation much of the meaning of the verse must necessarily remain obscure.
Now let us consider this most Mystic Verse!
The first thing that strikes us is that it contains Seven Words: the Second that the number of its letters is twenty-eight. Thus does it perfectly symbolise in its entirety the third Symbol in the numerical evolution.
Before proceeding to a detailed analysis, and following the Process of Creation by Time (i.e., beginning at the first letter, and so proceeding), let me point out a few general facts. First as to the number of letters in each word, which converted into figures stands thus: 220.127.116.11.5.3.6. (Hebrew direction).
In the midst is 2, by Taro the Central Will: and this two-lettered word is Aleph-Taw. On either side of this is the pair of figures 35- 53, balanced one against the other: as though symbolic of the great dawning of life of the Mothers — HB:Heh and HB:Heh, vitalised by the SON (3) as the Vice-Gerent of His Father.
These balanced figures together make 16, whereof the Key is 7; the total number of letters in the third Symbol. Then we have left at either end 4 and 6 = 10,12) the perfection of the {177} Sephiroth, as if to declare that this verse from, beginning to end thereof reflected the Voices from Kether even unto Malkuth: and 6 - 4 = 2 again, the Central Will, HB:Bet, Thoth, in the Heart of the Universe (as in the centre of the verse). Note, then, this perfect equilibrium of the verse, and remember that Mystery — that equilibrium is strength.
Let us now look at the letters themselves. Counting them, we find that the two central ones are Mem-Aleph, the Supernal Mother; even as the number of letters had the dual symbol in their midst. Now their numeration is 41, yielding by Gematria Aleph-Yod-Lamed = Force: Might: Power: Gemel-Aleph-Vau-Aleph-Lamed, Divine Majesty: and Aleph-Chet-Lamed-Bet = Fecundity, all symbolic of the attributes of the Dual Polar Force and Mother. Moreover, 4 + 1 = 5 = HB:Heh, Mother Supernal once again — and in its geometric symbol the Pentagram — the Star of Unconquered Will. Add the next two letters on either side, and we get , or a concealed Tetragrammaton.
And this also reads Yod-Memfinal, the Great Sea, Aleph-Taw, Alpha and Omega, or Essence. Add the next two, so that the six central letters are obtained; and we read Heh-Yod-Memfinal-Aleph-Taw-Heh, which signifies Heh-Yod-Memfinal, swollen, extended, or expanded; and hence Thou (i.e., God, Ateh, the All) in extension. But by Metathesis of these six letters is obtained Heh-Yod-Heh Aleph-Mem-Taw = "Truth Was," as if affirming solemnly the presence in the Creation of the Supernal Truth.
Now let us take the first and last letters of the verse and "cast into the midst thereof the Fire of the Sun" — i.e., HB:Vau (6), "the Seal of Creation" — and we have Bet-Vau-Tzaddifinal, an Egg. Where we see the whole universe enclosed in the Cosmic Egg of Hindu and Egyptian Mythology: and the Formulation of the Sphere {178} of the Universe (or Magical Mirror in Man). As it were the Egg of the Black Swan of Time, the Kala Hamsa, the Triune , or word of Power or of Seb, the Bird of Life, whose will was heard in the Night of Time.
The total numeric value of the verse is Dalet-Taw-Nun-Tet = 4459, of which the Key is 22, the number of the Paths from HB:Aleph to HB:Taw ; and the Key of 22 is 4, the Tetractys and the Threshold of the Universe.
Now to proceed to what I have termed the Time Process, the first Word of the Law then is Bet-Resh-Aleph-Shin-Yod-Taw. Now in the Hebrew Scriptures the first word of a Book is also its Title. Thus Genesis is called by the Rabbins "B'rasheth," or "In the Beginning," wherefore we may regard this Word as not the first word — albeit that is shadowed forth therein — but as the seal and title and Key of the whole book. Holding this in mind, let us proceed to analyse it. The number of its letters is six, the Seal of Creation, and their total numeric value is 2911. 2911 = 13 = Death, the Transformer<<As it is written: "Thy youth shall be renewed as the Eagle's." Now the Eagle is HB:Nun. For further consideration of this 13, "vide" in the Portal Ritual the explanation of that terrible Key. "See" account of this ritual in "The Temple."
Also, 13 is the numeration of Aleph-Chet-Dalet = Unity, as also is the Great Name of God, Aleph-Lamed, by Aiq Bekar or Temurah.» — the distinct formulation of the Three in One, uniting once more to produce the 4.
Now Beth primarily signifieth a House or Abode, and in Taro it is Mercury, the Magus — the Vox Dei — and Thoth, the Recorder. Coalesce these two ideas and we get HB:Bet.
"This is the Magical History."
HB:Resh signifieth the Head or Beginning of Time and {179} Things; and by Taro it is glory, Life, Light, Sun. Thus read:
"Of the Dawning of Life and Light."
HB:Aleph is by shape the Svastika, symbolically Aleph, the Ox, as though showing the fearful force of the Spiritual "Whirling Motions" upon the Material Plane, as a terrible and destructive Power. This is also shown by the Foolish Man, as the Material Tarotic emblem of that which in its proper and higher manifestation is the Spiritual Ether. Therefore we read:
"Begun are the Whirling Motions."
HB:Shin signifieth mighty in flame, whereof it is also the Hieroglyph. It is that Ruach Elohim brooding upon the Face of the Waters. So read:
"Formulated is the Primal Fire."
HB:Yod is the Hand,13) symbolising Power in Action, and its Taro Key is the Hermit and the Voice of Light, the Prophet of the Gods. Thus:
"Proclaimed is the Reign of the Gods of Light."
HB:Taw is the last letter of the Alphabet, the "finis", the Omega, the Universe, Saturn, the outermost Planet, and it is also Taw-Resh-Ayin-Aleph, Throa, the Gate of the Universe; and by Qabalah of nine Chambers it is HB:Dalet, the Gateway of Initiation. Hence
:"At the Threshold of the Universe."
So the Whole Word reads:
HB:Bet This is the Magical History
HB:Resh Of the Dawning of the Light.
HB:Aleph Begun are the Whirling Motions;
HB:Shin Formulated is the Primal Fire;
HB:Yod Proclaimed is the Reign of the Gods of Light
HB:Taw At the Threshold of the Infinite Worlds!
Now compare this with the Particular Exordium (G∴ D∴ MSS. Z3):
|HB:Bet {
| At the ending of the NIGHT
At the Limits of the LIGHT
Thoth stood before the Unborn Ones of Time
Then was formulated the Universe.
|HB:Resh {
| Then came forth the Gods thereof,
The AEons of the Bornless Beyond.
|Then was the Voice Vibrated.
|Then was the Name declared.
|HB:Taw {
| At the Threshold of Entrance,
Betwixt the Universe and the Infinite,
|HB:Yod {
| In the Sign of the Enterer: Stood Thoth
As before Him the AEons were proclaimed.
We will now proceed to the first word of the text as thus decapitated, taking B'rasheth as the Title rather than as the first Word. This latter stands Bet-Resh-Aleph, which hath three Letters, symbolising thereby the Unmanifest Trinity.
Now its letters further exemplify the Trinity, for that they are the initials of three Hebrew words, which are the Names of the Persons thereof, viz:
Bet-Nunfinal Ben, the Son.
Resh-Vau-Chet Ruach, the Spirit (here the Mother).
Aleph-Bet Ab, the Father.
Note how here again the Son is first for Humanity and the Father last. These three letters, then, symbolise the three in One Unmanifest. Yet is there in them the All-potency of Life. For 2 + 2 + 1 = 5, the Symbol of Power, Mother Supernal, and HB:Heh also is Aries, Lamb of God and Dawn of the Life of the Year.
Wherefore in them lieth concealed and hidden, not alone the Divine White Brilliance of the Three Supernals (Heh-Vau-Aleph, Vau-Qof-Dalet-Vau-Shin, Bet-Resh-Vau-Kophfinal), but even also that Gleaming Glory which partaketh of the Redness, and which cometh from the Bornless Age, which is beyond Kether. As it is written in Ancient Hindu Scripture, "In the beginning Desire, TANHA, arose in It: which was the Primal Germ of Mind." Now in the Aryan Mythology Tanha, Desire, was the God of Love, Kama; whereof the symbolic tint was Pink: as it were the first pink blush of Dawn in the Macrocosmic Sky: Herald of the Rising Sun of the Worlds, when the Great Night of Brahma was over and done.
The next word in the Great Name of God the Vast One: Aleph-Lamed-Heh-Yod-Memfinal. Let us meditate upon its Mystery! Herein behold {182} five Letters: In its Centre is the Great Letter HB:Heh, Mother Supernal. Five once more; and its first and last letters are once again Aleph-Memfinal, 41, the Mother, and 5, the Maternal Essence. And its numeration is 86, whereof the Key is 14, whereof the Key is 5. Wherefore we say that this great name is 5 in its form symbolic. 5 in the Heart of its Power: the Beginning and the End thereof are 5; and 5 is it in its Venerable Essence!
Turn now back unto the third Symbol; gaze at it steadily for a few moments, and see hidden in the Six-fold Seal of Creation the Five-fold Star of Unconquered Will.
For this was the Divine Force which created the worlds! Power Eternal, Power Resistless, Power All-dominating, in its Absolute Supremacy — gleaming as the Great Name Elohim in the Heart of the Six- fold star! Flaming as the Purifying Fire, purging and ordering the Chaos of the Night of Time!
As in the midst of the Letters of the Verse we saw the words Aleph-Taw-Heh -Heh Yod-Memfinal, "Thou in Extension," so also does the Name Elohim read Aleph-Lamed, "Deity," Heh-Yod-Memfinal, in Extension.16)
And the numeration of Elohim is 86, which by Gematria reads Peh-Aleph-Heh, again meaning "spread out, extended."
Write the letters of this Name in any Invoking Pentagram; and the Banishing Pentagram thereof will read 3.1415 (by Qabalah of nine Chambers), which is the Formula of the Proportion of diameter to circumference of the Circle.17) Thus herein do we perceive the Hidden Power of the Three extended as a Mighty Sphere to the Confines of Space! {183}
The next word is Aleph-Taw, which we have seen to be the Central word: and its signification is the Alpha and Omega — From Beginning unto End: Essence: and its Key is 5.
Five again are the letters of the word Heh-Shin-Mem-Yod-Memfinal, [Whose Key number is 17: by Taro—Hope; whose title is Daughter of the Firmament, dweller between the Waters.] which next follows; and in this word Shin-Mem-Yod-Memfinal, the Heavens, we perceive HB:Shin [The initial HB:Heh is but the article "the."] the Ruach Elohim, brooding upon the Face of the Waters, Mem-Yod-Memfinal (Maim), even as it is afterwards set forth in Verse 2.
In the next word, Vau-Aleph-Taw, we find that the Conjunctive HB:Vau makes of the Key number of the Essence of the Earth 11 instead of 5: symbolising how the World should fall unto the Kingdom of the Shells, and how it should be redeemed by the Son of Man.18) {184}
And finally the word Heh-Aleph-Resh-Tzaddifinal, Ha Aretz, the Earth, hath four Letters showing its Elemental Constitution, and its Key is 17 — also Hope — Hope in the Earth as there is Hope in Heaven. And the last letter of the verse is HB:Tzaddifinal (the letter of Hope), by Qabalah of Nine Chambers that number which contains in itself all the properties of Protean Matters: howsoever you may multiply it the Key of its Numbers is ever 9. Fitting Symbol of ever-changing matter which ever in its essence is One — one and alone!
Thus with the first appearance of the number of Matter does the first verse of B'rasheth close: formulating in itself the Beginning and the End of the Great Creation.
"The Characters of Heaven with Thy Finger hast thou traced: But none can read them save he hath been taught in Thy School."
Wherefore closing do I name the Mighty Words:
:Bet-Resh-Aleph Aleph-Lamed-Heh-Yod-Memfinal Aleph-DaletMemfinal Bet-Dalet-Mem-Vau-Taw Aleph-Lamed-Heh-Yod-Memfinal Ayin-Shin-Heh Aleph-Taw-Vau Qof-Bet-Resh Vau-Nun-Qof-Bet-Heh Bet-Resh-Aleph-Memfinal
"And the Elohim created Mankind: in the Likeness of the Elohim created they them: Male and Female created they them." Now if ADAM be in the similitude of the Elohim: and are male and female, then must the Elohim be also male and female. Now in the first of those mysterious three verses in Exodus xiv. wherein the divided name is hidden it is written, "and went the Angel of the Elohim before the Camp," &c. And this Angel of the Elohim, Mem-Lamed-Aleph-Kophfinal Aleph-Lamed-Heh-Yod-Memfinal, is the Manifestations of their presence. Now Mem-Lamed-Aleph-Kophfinal hath the numeration 91, which also is the number of Yod-Heh-Vau-Heh Aleph-Dalet-Nun-Yod, wherefore by Gematria "Tetragrammaton our Lord" is the Angel Now if into the midst of this divided Name of the Elohim of the Divided Name. Therefore is the Tetragrammaton symbolic of the Manifested Presence of the Elohim; and if the Elohim be Male and Female, so also must be the Tetragram. Also is the number of Aleph-Mem-Nunfinal (also 91) by Aiq Bekar 1 + 4 + 5 = 10 — the Perfection of the Sephiroth.
In the sublime Computations of the Qabalah the Final Forms of letters have no increased numerical value. Mem is 40, whether final or not. The Ancient Hebrew Method of obtaining all numbers above 400 and below 1000, respectively HB:Aleph and HB:Taw {SIC s.b. HB:Taw and HB:Aleph — WEH}, was to make up the number with the proper letters. Thus 500 would have been written Taw-Qof, not HB:Kophfinal, and 800 Taw-Taw, and so on. [Yet in some few Arcana the Finals are counted as such. This mystery, however, pertaineth to a Grade even more exalted than our beloved and erudite Brother had attained at the period of this Essay {WEH paraphrase: Bennett didn't know, and Crowley either doesn't know or won't say.}. — P.]
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