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At the beginning of this 50th anniversary year of Vatican II, Benedict XVI called for a renewed, authentic reading and implementation of the council documents. After suffering through many decades of vulgar, saccharine Church music, it is encouraging to note a rise of musicians who are serious about authentic reform of sacred worship. The recent Sacred Liturgy Conference in Rome was a great success, and there is a spirit of joyful, liturgical rejuvenation among the youth. Today's composers are considering many facets of sacred music theory and history as they strive for the renewal of theocentric orthodoxy in liturgical worship. A brief look at the last 50 years in light of the early Church Fathers' teachings provides a surprisingly relevant breath of fresh air.
Most Catholics are all too familiar with the folk music "reforms" to liturgical music of the 1970s and '80s. Adopting secular music and the spirit of the age, untutored youth began setting music to pop-style rhythms and melodies, usually with acoustic guitar accompaniment. This style of liturgical music became immensely popular, spread rapidly, and was taken up by prolific composers such as Marty Haugen and David Haas. Michael Matheson Miller of the Acton Institute refers to this liturgical Candyland as the "suburban rite." The problem with this music, noted by more than one critic, is that it is filled with fuzzy doctrine and the spirit of the sexual revolution: "peace," "love," and bad style.
On the other hand, many remember the Grammy-award winning CD Chant, which hit the music market in 1994 and became an overnight sensation. Chant, sung by the Benedictine monks of Santo Domingo de Silos, appealed to traditional Christians and New-Age listeners alike. It was considered the perfect antidote to a stressful, workaholic world exacerbated by paltry pop music. The perennial qualities of plainchant became self-evident to the listener of these recordings. But for the monks, plainchant was more than a musical expression that they appreciated and polished like curators of a museum; it was essential to their life of prayer. The monks explained in the jewel-case insert for Chant how they had become physically ill, suffering fatigue and exhaustion, while experimenting with post-Vatican II music for the Divine Office. The sentimental emotion of pop and folk melodies was not sustainable over a seven-hour worship day.
Sacrosanctum Concilium, the Second Vatican Council's Dogmatic Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, noted that, in addition to recent pontiffs, the early Fathers of the Church also illuminate the function of sacred music. A deeper reading of the Fathers, beloved by Pope Emeritus Benedict, can assist us in liturgical renewal.
St. Basil the Great and charismatic music
Far from being distant and "out of touch," the words of the Fathers are quite down-to-earth and often humorous. St. Basil the Great, for example, wrote that sacred music must both appeal to the people and trick them into worshipping God:
For when the Holy Spirit saw that mankind was ill-inclined toward virtue and that we were heedless of the righteous life because of our inclination to pleasure, what did he do? He blended the delight of melody with doctrine in order that, through the pleasantness and softness of the sound, we might unawares receive what was useful in the words according to the practice of wise physicians who, when they give the more bitter drafts to the sick, often smear the rim of the cup with honey. For this purpose, these harmonious melodies of the psalms have been designed for us, that those who are of boyish age or wholly youthful in their character, while in appearance they sing, may in reality be educating their souls.
In other words, music must be joyful and beautiful so that people will learn their Faith and want to come and worship God in church. Conversely, St. John Maximovitch said, "The psalms and the hymns that simply gratify the ear but do not inspire somebody to pray are not acceptable." In fact, that is the main point, as St. Basil goes on to say that liturgical music must always be a work of prayer and worship because liturgy is an imitation of heavenly glory and praise.
One controversial genre that seems to fit Basil's category of "doctrine disguised for the youth" is charismatic worship music. Orthodox in its theology, this music is certainly focused on the worship of God. Whereas "suburban rite" music tends to focus on holding hands in church and singing "a new church into being," charismatic music is oriented toward praise and worship. The most legitimate critique of charismatic music seems to be that while it is effective in luring youth out of the rock music culture into the culture of life, it also seems to be an adolescent response to God that is not sustainable, but this obstacle to spiritual growth is surmountable. It is common experience that as serious Christians mature they develop a natural appetite for plainchant and sacred polyphony.
Let us, however, be clear that the Fathers were not friendly to popular music and secular culture. The guardians of early Christianity were very particular about both the content and style of sacred music because they lived in a secular culture hostile to Christian morals. Church music was primarily the product of Jewish synagogue worship which prayerfully developed with Christian usage into practices that were fitting for liturgical worship.
What the Church Fathers said about pop music
The Greek philosophers set the foundation for Christian music theory. Plato and Aristotle recognized that all music has a distinctly moral character. In Aristotle's theory, music imitates the states of the soul—anger, gentleness, temperance, etc. He taught that good music has a good effect on man's character, while bad music has a bad effect. The second-century Greek musicologists Cleonides and Aristides Quintilianus recognized that certain music possessed a soothing character which was particularly fitting for hymns and praise, and that it led the soul to harmony with God.
On the other hand, early Christian writers consistently attacked pagan, instrumental music (ancient pop music) because of its inseparable connection to pagan ceremony and lewd customs. John Chrysostom called musical instruments, dancing, and obscene songs "the devil's garbage." The Fathers were particularly concerned with the sexual immorality which accompanied the popular music scene of the early centuries A.D. From their writings one gets a glimpse of vulgar culture during this time, not unlike our post-modern culture today. The three most frequently referenced venues of crass pagan music criticized by the Fathers were the theater, wedding receptions, and drinking parties.
The theater was full of cultic pagan references and characters, but the primary fault of the theater was its sexually offensive content. Wedding receptions were occasions for singing coarse marriage songs and carousing. A common feature of late-night banquet parties was the young female lyre player who played alluring music which inevitably led to sexual sin among the participants. Tatian (c.180 A.D.) was one of the first to write a polemic against such immodesty. In his letter to a Greek acquaintance he refers to the archetype of such a musician: "And this Sappho is a lewd, lovesick female who sins to her own licentiousness, whereas all our women are chaste, and the maidens at their distaffs sing of godly things more earnestly than that girl of yours." Pseudo-Basil and his contemporaries drew a similar connection between seductive music, drinking parties, and sexual license.
Polemics like this raise the question of whether or not popular styles of music are an appropriate accompaniment to prayer in the liturgy. On a certain level, pop styles may appeal to many people, but are they naturally oriented toward God? The Fathers deemed these music styles "guilty" by association and our own post-modern pop is hardly better. Folk music is by definition focused on the affairs of people, while rock music quite effectively arouses erotic passions. As Elvis Presley once said, "The beat of rock n' roll is sex"—not exactly appropriate for divine liturgy. Yet unfortunately, not all Christian composers have successfully avoided the mistake of incorporating intrusive, base, pop music styles into liturgical prayer.
Sacramentum Caritatis, ars musica, and the "New Song"
As Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI wrote in his letter Sacramentum Caritatis (2007), "The introduction of musical genres which fail to respect the meaning of the liturgy should be avoided" (42). Ecclesial music composers of the future will safeguard orthodox worship through a thorough study of and fidelity to the ancient traditions of music that have organically and prayerfully developed under the guidance of the Holy Spirit.
As much as they despised popular Greek music, the Fathers simultaneously acknowledged classical music as an important academic discipline. Pythagoras, Plato, and Aristotle had worked out a scheme for education which became solidified by Martianus Capella (fifth century). The seven classical liberal arts included the study of music (ars musica). Ars musica was a mathematical discipline that was measurable. Music theory gave structure to this art: the philosophy of mathematical function as well as character formation. The Church wholeheartedly adopted this plan of education.
As in earlier times, secular music theory can continue to help Christians better understand their own music tradition and articulate it to a contemporary audience. In a culture in which classical training in music is often no longer valued, contemporary Christians would do well to revive ars musica as a discipline of our own educational tradition. The future of authentic Christian worship lies in the legitimate preservation and interpretation of its musical traditions passed on from generation to generation.
St. Clement of Alexandria was one who saw great value in gleaning whatever is good, true, or useful from the secular, Greek intellectual tradition. Clement was a proponent of integrating Greek philosophy and musical study into Christian catechesis, yet he believed that Christians must carefully select ideas and examples which are in tune with Christian truth: "He who culls what is necessary [from Greek studies] for the benefit of the catechumens… need not abstain from the love of learning… But by no means ought he to linger over these, except in so far as there is benefit from them, so that having taken this and secured it he can return homewards to the true philosophy."
A theme in Clement of Alexandria's work, Protrepticus, is that Christ, the "New Song," orders the music of the cosmos according to a new harmony. Clement tells us that the enemies of this new harmony are those pagan musicians who are "deceivers, corrupting human life under the pretext of music, possessed by a kind of artful sorcery for purposes of destruction, outrageous in celebrating their orgies, deifying misfortune, the first to lead men by the hand to idols… and by means of their songs and incantations to subject to the most dire servitude the noble freedom of those who lived as citizens under heaven." Christ, on the other hand, has brought new order to the universe by becoming man: "The Lord made man a beautiful instrument after his own image; certainly [Christ] is himself an all harmonious instrument of God, well-tuned and holy, the transcendental wisdom, the heavenly Word…"
Toward a renewal of harmonious worship
In the following passage Clement synthesizes the above teachings of the Fathers by making a beautiful distinction between well-ordered and disordered music: "Now temperate harmonies are to be admitted, but the pliant harmonies are to be driven as far as possible from our robust minds. These, through their sinuous strains, instruct one in weakness and lead to ribaldry, but the grave and temperate melodies bid farewell to the arrogance of drunkenness. Chromatic harmonies, then, are to be left to 'colorless' carousals and to the florid and meretricious music."
Clement makes clear that there is more to sacred music than sacred lyrics. The melodies and harmonies themselves are either conducive to worship or not. According to this criterion, it seems clear that most pop music is not conducive to liturgical worship. On the other hand, we know from music history that some popular music melodies of ancient times were adapted to fit sacred lyrics—a tradition that has persisted up until the modern day. By the end of the fourth century, pagan hymn music was being "baptized" and integrated into ecclesial prayers. One example of this is a pagan hymn called the "Nemesis Hymn of Mesomedes" (c. 130 A.D.) which was incorporated into a Kyrie in Gregorian tone seven. Yet, there was something unique, glorious, and inspiring about that melody that was capable of lending itself to worship. The Irish folk tune that accompanies "Be Thou My Vision" is a modern example of a well-ordered adaptation.
Sacrosanctum Concilium gave clear guidelines for composers of new sacred music. It affirmed that Christian countries which share the great body of sacred music, with roots in the early Church, are not locked into a static canon of liturgical music. The sacred music tradition is a living icon of Christ who is ever ancient, ever new:
"Composers, filled with the Christian spirit, should feel that their vocation is to cultivate sacred music and increase its store of treasures. Let them produce compositions which have the qualities proper to genuine sacred music…The texts intended to be sung must always be in conformity with Catholic doctrine…"
Benedict's call for liturgical renewal is timely and there are young musicians in the Church who are eagerly preparing themselves to answer this vocational call. The teachings of the Fathers offer much-needed inspiration and direction. Threats to the post-modern Church are very similar to those of the third century: anti-Christian sentiment, secularism, and sexual licentiousness. Sacrosanctum Concilium and Sacramentum Caritatis clearly state that the way forward for the development of Christian music must include a dedicated study of traditional Church music as well as a sustained effort to teach this music to the faithful for liturgical worship. At the same time, new Church music must be composed—not by ill-formed neophytes with guitars—but by mature, prayerful, classically trained musicians who have been mentored in plainchant and sacred polyphony and are living the full sacramental life of the Church. Certainly, it would behoove Christian music composers to pay close attention to the warnings and encouragements of the early Fathers, who also lived in a secular pagan society. Their wisdom, far from being irrelevant, is surprisingly germane.
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While most people were still taking general education classes in college or just trying to figure out their place in the world, Cameron Ellis was investing in real estate.
While most people were still taking general education classes in college or just trying to figure out their place in the world, Cameron Ellis was investing in real estate.
Texas-based Vantage Communities has closed on 22 acres of land near the FedEx World Headquarters for $1.7 million.
Vantage plans to build a 288-apartment luxury community dubbed Vantage at Germantown on the property located at the corner of Tournament Drive and Hacks Cross Road.
In the past 20 years, there has been little to no new multifamily housing growth in Memphis outside of Downtown and Midtown.
So around this time last year, the Economic Development Growth Engine for Memphis and Shelby County, at the behest of both mayors, introduced a tax incentive designed to encourage a new wave of multifamily development with the hopes of growing Memphis' stagnant population.
In many ways the Broad Avenue water tower has become the defining emblem of the iconic arts district, but the empty warehouse it sits on stands in stark contrast from the vibrant shops, restaurants and art galleries that line the more developed south side of the street.
The numbers continue at a relatively steady pace, but signals are there that the multifamily market in Shelby County is on its way to pre-recession levels.
Year to date, there have been 105 multifamily sales in Shelby County, according to Chandler Reports, chandlerreports.com. That's less than the 115 sales through Oct. 21, 2014, but well above the 87 sales over the same period in 2013.
The local commercial real estate community gathered at the Memphis Botanic Garden Thursday, April 9, for the 14th annual Pinnacle Awards. Every year, the Memphis Area Association of Realtors Commercial Council honors its members based on their transactional volume, merit and community activity.
The old owners of Overton Square had a plan to remove existing local tenants and retailers and replace them with national retailers.
They succeeded in emptying Overton Square of tenants, but couldn't attract new national retailers, leaving what was left to twist in the wind.
Loeb Properties Inc. plans to build on the momentum it has created at Overton Square while turning its attention to other parts of Midtown.
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After enduring early struggles in his commercial real estate career, Scott Pahlow has reached the top of his industry.
Pahlow, an executive vice president with Newmark Grubb Memphis, was named Commercial Broker of the Year Thursday night at the Memphis Area Association of Realtors Commercial Council's 13th annual Pinnacle Awards gala.
Jim Reedy began selling real estate in 1976 while he was a student at the University of Memphis, and within three years, he moved into selling investment properties.
Commercial real estate experts will share their insights this week on what to expect nationally and locally in 2014.
The Memphis Area Association of Realtors' Commercial Council will host the 2014 Commercial Property Forecast Summit Wednesday, Feb. 12.
Courtney Barnes of Woodyard Realty Corp. won the Associate Member of the Year award at the Apartment Association of Greater Memphis Diamond Achievement Gala.
Archer-malmo has inked an additional 3,000 square feet in the Cotton Exchange Building, bringing its total footprint in the historic 12-story Downtown tower to 41,277 square feet across six floors.
BenchMark at Southwind Realtors LLC will soon relocate its Southeast Memphis office, add agents, integrate technology into its business practices and go paperless in one fell swoop.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. has inked a substantial lease in Lakecrest III, marking the market's largest office lease signing this year.
A longtime Memphis diner chain is expanding its presence into the Jackson, Tenn., market.
CK's Coffee Shop has signed a five-year lease for 1,390 square feet of the existing 4,900-square-foot Old Medina Market Gas Station at 2800 Old Medina Road.
Samuel Adefeyisan has purchased the Ashley Manor Apartments – two separate buildings totaling 16 one-bedroom condo units in Midtown – from John P. Waddell and Nancy S. Waddell for $1 million.
Bluff City Coffee, the coffee and snack shop in Downtown's South Main Historic Arts District, has recently unveiled some aggressive expansion plans.
The local eatery has leased a 3,000-square-foot kitchen in the Pembroke Building, 119 S. Main St., in the space behind the Center for Southern Folklore.
The Mid-South apartment market is riding high after a strong 2011.
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A Memphis-based tubing supplier is renewing its lease and more than doubling its space in a distressed Hickory Hill industrial park.
Jacob Tubing LP – the U.S. subsidiary of European modular tubing manufacturer Jacob Soehne – has renewed its 10-year lease for 20,232 square feet and expanded into an additional 30,000 square feet at Willow Lake Business Park, 3948 Willow Lake Blvd., in the Southeast industrial submarket.
A Seneca Falls, N.Y.-based industrial pumping system manufacturer has inked a deal for a distribution center across the parking lot from its current space in Southaven.
ITT Goulds signed a 68,508-square-foot lease in Industrial Development International Inc.'s Stateline Business Park Building C, at 8890 Commerce Drive.
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A substantial lease has been signed in a formerly distressed southwest Memphis industrial park that has made leaps and bounds since it was purchased by an out-of-town investor earlier this year.
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4055 Summer Ave.Memphis, TN 38122Sale Amount: $2.8 million
Sale Date: June 30, 2011
Plans for a new Dollar General store in the city's North submarket are under way. Ware Properties LLC purchased 9,100 square feet of vacant land at 3433 Jackson Ave. from Hector Tejeda in May for $140,000, according to the Shelby County Register of Deeds. The Shelby County Assessor of Property's 2011 appraisal of the parcel was $109,200.
Multifamily investment activity in Memphis continues to gain steam as lenders slowly loosen their purse strings.
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2781 Democrat RoadMemphis, TN 38118Permit Amount: $10.8 million
Permit Date: Applied April 2011Owner: FedExTenant: FedExContractor: Flintco Inc.
As emcee Dan Conaway noted in his opening address Thursday night at the 10th annual Pinnacle Awards, "OK is the new great."
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For this year's version of the commercial real estate industry to differ from 2010, the economy needs one thing – jobs.
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The eighth annual Commercial Property Forecast Summit, presented by the Memphis Area Association of Realtors Commercial Council, will provide reviews and forecasts of four local commercial real estate sectors.
The Venue apartments, 1387 Central Ave., has received the Renovation of the Year Award from the Apartment Association of Greater Memphis.
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Four Lots In Winstead FarmsLoan Amount: $971,250
Loan Date: Dec. 7, 2010Maturity Date: Dec. 10, 2011Borrower: Magnolia Homes Inc.Lender: Regions Bank NA
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A vintage apartment complex in Midtown is under new ownership.
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4650 Hedges DriveMemphis, TN 38128Sale Amount: $3 Million
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6320 Gillespie RoadMemphis, TN 38134Sale Amount: $4.7 Million
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This time it was Resource Real Estate Inc. to the rescue. The Philadelphia-based company bought the Wyndridge Apartments for $9.5 million Sept. 29 and carried the weight for Shelby County's commercial activity during the month.
2491 Winchester RoadMemphis, TN 38116Permit Amount: $135 Million
Project Cost: $150 millionPermit Date: Applied October 2009Completion: TBAOwner: Memphis-Shelby County Airport AuthorityTenant: Memphis International AirportContractor: TBAArchitect: Walker Parking Consultants
The 252-unit Overlook Apartments complex at 3085 and 3158 Steele St. in Frayser sold Oct. 1 for a combined $1.5 million to a Chattanooga-based company called UIGTN LLC. The entity bought the property as an REO (real estate owned) asset from LNR Partners Inc. of Florida, which operated in the deal as LBUBS 2001-C3 Steele Street.
3609 James RoadMemphis, TN 38128Permit Amount: $497,000
Project Cost: $497,000Permit Date: Applied September 2009Completion: TBAOwner: SW Properties LLCTenant: Dollar General Corp.Contractor: SW Properties LLCArchitect: N/A
The economy hasn't extinguished commercial real estate deals, but it certainly has changed the way they get done.
Shane McElveen learned about the tedious process of property acquisition when he looked into buying the High Point Funeral Chapel at 3788 Summer Ave. in the Berclair area. McElveen, who had worked at the chapel as senior vice president, was trying to buy the business from owner G. David Keller.
John and Nancy Waddell have bought the two-building, 16-unit Ashley Manor condominiums at 129 and 137 N. Belvedere St. in Midtown for $1.6 million from Chamberlain, McCreery and Rice GP. The sale closed Sept. 4.
2371 Prospect St.Memphis, TN 38106Permit Amount: $3.5 Million
Project Cost: $67 millionPermit Date: Applied June 2009Completion: 2010Owner: Riviana Foods Inc.Tenant: Riviana Foods Inc.Contractor: Linkous Construction Co. Inc.
The Garden View Apartments at 1127 Whitaker Drive in Whitehaven has sold for $900,000 to a Springfield, Ill., investor called Pope's Select Properties LLC. Built in 1963, the 92-unit, 64,809-square-foot complex sits on 6.75 acres on the south side of Whitaker, just west of Elvis Presley Boulevard.
Apartment complexes can be found throughout Memphis, but lately it seems the center of the multifamily world is on the courthouse steps Downtown.
Foreclosure sales have dominated the industry's activity in Shelby County of late, with the most lucrative deals occurring as trustees' deeds after the original owner defaults on a property or as bank sales after the lender reclaims and resells the property.
The pulse of commercial real estate is barely detectable, but the fact that it's still registering a beat is remarkable considering the trauma it's suffered over the past year.
From March 2008 through February 2009, commercial sales in Shelby County declined 35 percent compared to the prior 12-month period, according to the latest data from real estate information company Chandler Reports, www.chandlerreports.com.
The Memphis Area Association of Realtors Commercial Council has elected Irvin Skopp of Belz Realty Co. as the 2009 board of directors' president and Wyatt Aiken of Commercial Advisors as 2009 president-elect.
Commercial real estate's downward spiral continued in October, with sales falling by a third compared to the same month a year ago.
Just 64 commercial deals occurred in Shelby County last month, a 33.3 percent decline from 96 in October 2007, according to the latest data from real estate information company Chandler Reports, www.chandlerreports.com.
Commercial real estate can be a tough profession at any age, but it's especially difficult for a young agent breaking into the industry to find his or her footing alongside the established practitioners.
A tight real estate market demands versatility from its professionals. If brokers who primarily or even exclusively deal with the residential side of the business are able to switch gears and land a commercial deal here or there, they might keep their livelihood afloat.
Shelby L. Slater has been hired at the University of Memphis as its first emergency preparedness coordinator.
Slater will assess, develop and maintain the university's crisis management plan, facilitate integration of the Incident Command System into emergency planning activities and evaluate emergency communication needs.
It took a pair of West Coast companies to give Memphis' commercial real estate a shot in the arm in April – Tacoma, Wash.-based Gintz Group sold a 172-unit Midtown apartment complex at 1550 North Parkway to Newport Beach, Calif.-based Nationwide Health Properties Inc. for $19.5 million.
A handful of high-dollar deals highlighted Shelby County's commercial real estate sales landscape in January, helping 2008 begin on a positive note with a total sales volume of $137.4 million.
Topping the list of commercial sellers for the month was Fair Oak LLC, which sold two multifamily properties for a combined $17.7 million. It marked the top total dollar amount for any one seller during January, according to the latest data from real estate information company Chandler Reports, www.chandlerreports.com.
1669 Randolph PlaceMemphis, TN 38120Sale Amount: $13.5 million
Sale Date: Dec. 20, 2007
Buyer: Poplar Place Associates LLC
This year is almost in the books, but no matter what happens in the next six weeks, 2007 will go down as one of the most intriguing in recent memory for the multifamily industry.
For starters, Fogelman Realty Group LLC fetched a Memphis multifamily record $46 million in October when it sold the Class B, 1,002-unit Watergrove Townhomes to Philadelphia-based BPG Properties Ltd.
Ashley Manor Condo Conversion at129 and 137 N. Belvedere Blvd.Sale Amount: $695,000
Sale Date: May 31, 2007
Scott A. Wright has been named chairman and CEO of Suburban Community Newspapers Group (SCN), which includes 11 weekly newspapers in the Memphis metro and north Mississippi areas. Some of the papers are The Shelby Sun Times, The Collierville Independent and The East Shelby Review. Wright previously was publisher of 17 Dallas and Ft.Worth-area daily and weekly newspapers in the Star Community Newspapers group.
Tennessees Web site is relocating to a new online home, following an overhaul of the states Web presence that gives citi...
Roger Hammons joined First Alliance Bank as vice president in the small business and professional lending division. He is a graduat...
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Movie review: 'Roma' a dazzling achievement
"Roma" is a movie only in name. It's more an aural and visual experience that envelops your body before penetrating your soul. It moves you; it changes you, all while dazzling you with its artistic achievement. Its parallel stories of a woman and a family falling apart are simple in theory, but complex in their execution via the ever-evolving talents of Alfonso Cuarón. Like his Oscar-winning "Gravity," itself a game-changer in how movies are made, "Roma" consistently leaves you in awe of a level of craftsmanship that can only be compared to watching Picasso paint.
Every stroke, every dab is as important and essential as the one before it. Nothing is of waste, and it's not until he's finished that you can step back and see how all of its parts have been so concisely assembled. Yet, what impressed me most, is Cuarón's eagerness to break all the rules, shooting in black and white, eschewing marquee actors for mostly amateurs and working with Netflix, the bane of Hollywood's existence. True, "Roma" makes its TV debut on Dec. 14, but I implore you not to relegate it to the boob tube, where so much of its magnificence will be lost on inferior picture and sound quality. Again, like "Gravity," this is a movie that thrives exclusively on the big screen and all the bells and whistles that entails. It also requires repeat viewings to absorb and appreciate all of "Roma's" detailed ruminations on love and how it relates to status and class.
The story, based on Cuarón's youth growing up in Mexico City's tony neighborhood of Roma, is both his most personal film and his most universal in that it's all about love. It opens with water washing over a tile floor, wave after wave. Look closely and you'll see the reflection of an airliner, a motif repeated throughout the movie. As the camera - operated by Cuarón and almost exclusively in wide angle - pulls back, we see the source of all that agua is Cleo, a domestic scrubbing away dog poop from the garage floor. It's merely the first of many unpleasant messes she'll be tidying up in her life and the lives of the family she serves so faithfully.
The clan's patriarch is Antonio (Fernando Grediaga), a respected doctor who all but demands that his wife, Sofia (Marina de Tavira), and their four pre-teen children be at the door to greet him at the end of every work day. At first, all seems right, as we watch Cleo help him pack one of the family's cars before heading off to a medical conference in Quebec. Little do the kids know, he's never coming back; opting instead to shack up with a younger, prettier woman elsewhere in Mexico City. At roughly the same time, Cleo (Oscar-worthy newcomer Yalitza Aparicio) learns she's pregnant with a child fathered by Fermin (Jorge Antonio Guerrero), a narcissistic martial arts nut who greets the news of his impending fatherhood by threatening Cleo with death if she tries to involve him in the kid's life.
That's about all there is in the way of plot, and it's all that's needed for Cuarón to spend the next two hours paying homage to his mother and the selfless nanny who raised and cared for him. As you'd expect, the two women couldn't be more different: One a mother of means, the other a housekeeper with barely a peso to her name; one an emotional diva, the other a stoic pillar of strength, even when visited by an unspeakable tragedy. Yet, this family couldn't continue to operate without either one. They are the yin to the other's yang, even when Sofia is quick to remind Cleo of her place.
What ensues isn't so much an A-to-Z story, as it is an episodic character study in which we see each woman at their absolute best and despicable worst. Cuarón studies them over a period of about a year in the early 1970s, a time when the country, like Sofia's household, was rocked by change, evidenced by the protesters filling the streets in a lead up to the infamous Corpus Christi Massacre carried out on June 10, 1971. A minor earthquake further extends the metaphor for a family whose shifting plates are a part of nature. It's how they choose to rebuild that's the question.
It's all very dramatic, including the delivery of a baby that will haunt you for days. But "Roma" is also full of laughter via Cuarón's arch and subtle humor, particularly a running gag about how the family car is too wide to fit into their narrow garage, the floor of which is perpetually dotted with dog doo. It proves an excellent metaphor for a family needing to adapt to the narrow spaces life has allotted it.
At the heart is Cleo; and all the other domestics like her who are charged not with just cooking and cleaning, but playing responsible parent to other people's kids. In a way, "Roma" is a terrific companion with Anna Muylaert's 2015 Brazilian gem, "The Second Mother," in which a nanny was a better mom to her employer's children than she was to her own. Such was the case with Cuarón, who thought so much of his nanny, he decided to make a movie honoring her. But "Roma" is so much more. It's also about childhood and the memories we choose to keep and those best left forgotten.
And that's the way "Roma" rolls, as a series of recollections - good and bad - that meant so much to Cuarón he felt the need to get them on film while they still filled his head. In a way, it's a form of therapy. It's also a potent dose of nostalgia for people like me who are of approximately the same age as the 56-year-old Cuarón. I loved the vintage autos, the slot-car track that was exactly like the one I had in 1970, and those crazy fashions: Miniskirts, platform shoes, check-patterned bell bottoms … It's all here and exquisite in the accuracy of detail. But then, that's the entire film. It's nothing big or spectacular. Rather, it's a series of little things that build and build until POW, you're so deeply moved you have no choice but to weep for these wonderfully flawed characters. And then emit an audible cheer for an innovator like Cuarón, an artist who paints with his heart in creating movies that are as mystical as they are soberingly real.
Al Alexander may be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Cast includes Yalitza Aparicio and Marina de Tavira. (In Spanish and Mixtec with English subtitles.)
(R for graphic nudity, some disturbing images, and language.)
Grade: A


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Dec. 6, 2012— -- Cuba will punish musicians whose songs refer explicity to sexual acts or objectify women and ban such material from radio and TV, a top government official said on Tuesday.
In an interview with state-run newspaper Granma, Orlando Vistel, the director of the Cuban Music Institute, explained that the island's government will take licenses away from musicians that "violate ethics" rules during concerts, adding that "severe sanctions" will be administered to officials who allow such groups to perform.
These measures could disproportionately affect Cuban reggaeton performers like Osmani Garcia, who have become hugely popular across the island thanks to songs with sexual lyrics and thumping rhythms that can be danced along to in a not-so-subtle way (read: perreo). This popular hit, called El Chupi Chupi, could become one of the first targets of the new music regulations.
"The majority of the Cuban people has warned us that [music promoters] want to impose on them foreign trends that violate the most fundamental ethical principles," Vistel told Granma.
The middle-aged official admitted that the new measures would probably silence many reggaeton performers on the island, but added that any other music genre that broke ethics codes established by the Communist party would also be subject to censorship.
"Vulgar, banal and mediocre expressions can be found in other musical genres too," Vistel said. "We should not just target one genre. But it is also true that reggaeton is more notorious than the rest."
Reggaeton was originally spread through Latin America a decade ago by Puerto Rican artists such as Daddy Yankee, Don Omar, and Wisin y Yandel.
Lyrics are not always as explicitly sexual as in this Daddy Yankee classic, but videos do tend to feature curvaceous women in skimpy clothes, and rich guys in baseball caps enjoying big cars, luxurious homes and extra-large gold necklaces. This is not exactly the type of imagery promoted by Cuba's sombre socialist revolutionaries.
However, some analysts argue that there is more to these measures than a moral crusade.
In a column published on Cuban American website Caféfuerte.com blogger Daniel Benitez suggests that the new music regulations could be part of a plan to keep more traditional Cuban groups with ties to the government, from losing an audience that is quickly shifting towards reggaeton.
"The problem [for the Cuban government] is not that the majority of the population enjoys the lyrics to the Chupi Chupi," Benitez writes. "But that other musical genres are decaying, and there are no funds [from government or consumers] to promote them with."
"Reggaeton and similar genres have won the battle [against genres like salsa and trova.] They have thousands of followers, and their videos and musical creations are filmed and distributed in an independent fashion, which is the best way to make things flow in a country where government centralism…sinks any initiative."
Benitez argues that by censuring reggaeton, the Cuban government is trying to force music lovers to buy into more traditional genres. He claims that the island's government has the custom of favoring certain music groups over others.
"I will never foget that Holguin, my native province, is home to the Hermanos Aviles Orchestra, the oldest active orchestra for popular dancing music in Latin America," Benitez writes. "But such a credential does not help the orchestra to gain any money or popularity, so under government mandate, all municipal governments in Holguin, are forced to hire this orchestra to play at their yearly festivals."
The Cuban American youth group Raices de Esperanza-Roots of Hope, said in a statement that the new regulations against reggeaton and sexually explicit songs were "erratic" and "disproportionate."
Raices argued that such severe measures, suggest that the Cuban government sees reggaeton performers as a "subversive," element in society, even if their music talks about sex, and not about politics.
"Although reggaetton and hip hop musicians are not a direct threat to the Cuban government, they have amassed a large following and audience across the island," Raices wrote. "Over recent years, the music scene in Cuba has become increasingly reflective of the diversity and interests of its population and has become an outlet for their observations and for communication among its citizenry."
Orlando Vistel, from the Cuban Music Institute, said that the government is currently formulating new laws to regulate what sort of music can be played in public spaces.
"Obviously, people can listen to whatever music they want in private," Vistel told Granma. "But that liberty does not include the right to reproduce (certain types of music) in restaurants, state run or privately owned cafeterias, buses and public spaces in general."


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17 years
I incorporate a lot of cooperative and hands-on learning into my teaching. I love to have fun while learning at the same time! My goal is to create and share materials that reflect my teaching style.
Yet to be added
Yet to be added
I currently teach 1st grade and have previously taught Kindergarten and 2nd grade. I enjoy creating materials for all three grade levels. Teaching and creating are my passion! I absolutely love what I do!
PreK, Kindergarten, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, Homeschool
English Language Arts, Balanced Literacy, Creative Writing, Reading, Grammar, Spelling, Specialty, Math, Applied Math, Arithmetic, Basic Operations, Geometry, Graphing, Measurement, Numbers, Other (Math), Science, Astronomy, Social Studies - History, Government, Arts & Music, Music, Other (Specialty), Education, Math Test Prep, Other (ELA), Literature, Classroom Management, Professional Development, Word Problems, Library Skills, Writing, Reading Strategies, Holidays/Seasonal, Back to School, Thanksgiving, Christmas/ Chanukah/ Kwanzaa, Poetry, Autumn, Mental Math, Halloween, Winter, The New Year, Valentine's Day, St. Patrick's Day, Easter, Spring, Place Value, Tools for Common Core, Summer, Phonics


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From the Ground, Up: Bourbon
When you visit our tasting room, or purchase a bottle of our spirits at a liquor store or in a cocktail at a restaurant, you might admire the playful bottle designs, or the smoothness of our products on your tongue. But this is only half of the picture- most of the work happens behind the scenes. In order to fully appreciate the flavor in your glass, we think it's important that you understand what happens downstairs on the production side of our operation. To that end, we will be walking through the production for several of our spirits in short installments. This inaugural installment in From the Ground, Up will feature the first step in producing McKenzie Bourbon.
We start the process with locally grown corn, rye, and bring in the finest malt obtainable. A little about the grains. The corn we use is grown about 3 miles from the distillery. It needs to be dry, and have a good bushel weight, meaning it will produce a good amount of alcohol. But it also must have a good flavor. The rye is grown across the lake from us in Dundee, New York, and also by a farmer in Big Flats, NY. The rye must be dry as well, but most importantly, it must have a good flavor. When mashed in a bourbon mash, the rye is called the flavoring grain. It lends a spicy component to the finished product. We also bring in fresh malted barley, which is barley that has been partially germinated to produce enzymes that convert the starch found in the corn and the rye into sugar, which is then converted into alcohol (more on this later). We use onlythe natural enzymes in the malted barley to convert our starch into sugar— it's possible to skip this step and use commercial enzymes, but we think that natural enzymes make a better bourbon. (Pictured above: corn, rye, and malted barley. Below: Thomas adds the ground corn to boiling water.)
Once we have our grains, the first step in bourbon production is grinding the corn into a coarse meal. We add this corn meal to boiling water, which makes the starch readily available to the malt. After a long hot cook, the corn is cooled down to around 180 degrees, and we add our rye, which has been milled into a fine flour. After a few minutes we begin cooling again to around 140 degrees, and at that point we add our finely ground barley malt. We maintain this temperature for a little while, giving the malt enzymes a chance to convert the starch in the corn and rye into sugar.
At this point, we add backset to the cooker. Backset is mash that has been stripped of its alcohol in the still. It is necessary in order to drop the pH of the mash, so that it can ferment properly. This is what is meant by the term "sour mash bourbon whiskey". (Pictured right: the mash boils. Close up video below.)
After the backset goes in, the mash is cooled to around 80 degrees so that we can pitch our yeast. We don't want the mash to be too hot or else the yeast will be killed, but if it's too cool the mash won't ferment properly. We then transfer the mash to an open top fermenter to ferment for around 3 days. Fermentation is the process that occurs when the yeast metabolizes the sugar that was created in the mashing process. It produces 3 things: alcohol, carbon dioxide and heat. After about 3 days, we transfer the fermented mash, now termed beer, to the still.
More on the distillation process next time…


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Shoppers who aren't worried about a holiday budget take note: Neiman Marcus has unveiled its expensive -- and often unusual -- "fantasy gifts."
The gifts are traditionally featured in the Dallas-based luxury retailer's annual Christmas Book, which was released on Tuesday morning. This will be the 87th edition of the Christmas Book.
Included in this year's offerings are luxury vehicles, spectacular views, and a "diamond experience" worth over $1.85 million.
See the complete, detailed list for 2013 from the company below:
"His & Hers" 2013 ULTIMATE OUTDOOR ENTERTAINMENT SYSTEM
A true audio- and video-phile's dream, you click a button and your television emerges from its discreet, underground cache, telescoping upward and unfolding to reveal its mega 201" C SEED screen. The accompanying speakers, developed by CAT-California Audio Technology, Inc., use the most advanced marine-grade components specifically developed for super yachts. The system includes technologically advanced speakers, subwoofers, and amplifiers that project unparalleled sound, a DirecTV® satellite and DVD management system, and a built-in movie package featuring up to 300 movies and concerts (The American Film Institute's 100 Most Thrilling American Films and 100 Greatest Love Stories, the remaining 100 are your choice). That never-ending argument over who controls the remote is no longer an issue. Two Apple® mini iPadsTM serve as the remotes; one for him and one for her. With every Ultimate Outdoor Entertainment System purchase, Neiman Marcus will donate $10,000 to The Heart of Neiman Marcus Foundation.
($1,500,000; pages 48-49)
Circling the field for the perfect spot to set up, you consider yourself lucky to take part in an ancient sport once reserved for nobles of Medieval Europe, the Middle East, and the Mongolian Empire. A prime local has been found, and you and your fellow hunters set up camp. Gazing upon your portable mew and matching custom trunk, you marvel at the 20-karat gold-plated perch, hand-carved stands, leather perch scale, and hand-sewn glove, anklet, and exotic-skin hoods by Ken Hooke, the world's preeminent falconry hood maker. Next, the furniture: Chatwin chairs and a foldout table by Richard Wrightman, the foremost designer of bespoke campaign furniture. You unfold the beautiful, handmade backgammon board from Alexandra Llewellyn, pour yourself a drink from one of the lead crystal decanters, and select the cigar you'll enjoy, using your matching cigar cutter by David Linley. With every Bespoke Global Falconry Companion purchase, Neiman Marcus will donate $1,500 to The Heart of Neiman Marcus Foundation.
($150,000; pages 40-41)
A blend of amazing form and state-of-the-art function, this modern spin on the exercise bicycle will ensure it never gets relegated to the basement. Approaching the Ciclotte, you admire its sleek, sculptural appearance. The large wheel is a nod to the unicycles of the late 1800s, but that's where the design-reminiscing ends. Void of the superfluous bells and whistles that characterize most of today's gym equipment, this piece is a study in the power—and beauty—of simplicity. Good looks aside, its dynamic design is rivaled only by its effortless performance. Sitting astride your cycle, you adjust the angle of the carbon-fiber handles, choose from one of 12 levels of resistance, engage the pedals, and ride your way to a fitter, healthier you. With every Ciclotte purchase, Neiman Marcus will donate $1,000 to The Heart of Neiman Marcus Foundation.
($11,000; page 42)
Every extraordinary gem has a history, but rare is the opportunity to trace its provenance. As the owner of this 25-carat rough Forevermark® diamond, you'll travel deep into the heart of Africa to discover where your stone began its journey more than one billion years ago. This once-in-a-lifetime adventure starts with a trip to the De Beers headquarters in London. Once there, you'll receive your exceptional diamond in its rough and uncut form, name your diamond, learn about the unique inscription it will receive, and meet the master craftsman who will hand-cut and polish it to perfection. A private tour of The Crown Jewels and dinner with De Beers CEO Philippe Mellier and Forevermark CEO Stephen Lussier in the Tower of London follow. Your journey continues on a vessel off Namibia's coast, where your diamond was discovered deep within the ocean floor. You'll then explore rough-diamond sorting houses and a children's community project, where the local population benefits from Forevermark's responsible sourcing of diamonds.Upon returning to the United States, you'll meet with New York jewelry designer Maria Canale to design the ring that will exhibit your exceptional diamond.With the purchase of the Forevermark Ultimate Diamond Experience, Neiman Marcus will donate $10,000 to The Heart of Neiman Marcus Foundation.
($1,850,000; page 43)
For the first time ever, you and a very lucky guest get to experience an overnight stay in the New Canaan, Connecticut, weekend residence of world-renowned architect and art patron, Philip Johnson. The Glass House and its bucolic surroundings are yours to explore upon arrival. Get up-close-and-personal access to the life and style of one of the twentieth century's most revered visionaries as you wander among the 14 architectural structures, study his world-class modern painting and sculpture collection, visit the private library, and stroll through the 49 acres of landscaped grounds. Up to ten of your nearest and dearest will be invited to join you at Philip Johnson's table for a locally sourced, multicourse culinary experience as well.All of the proceeds of this purchase will go toward the nonprofit National Trust for Historic Preservation, which supports Club Glass House, a program that provides educational tours to children.
($30,000; pages 44-45)
Handbuilt in Brooklyn, New York, for the Discovery Channel "Biker Build-Off" series, "Wild Child" is considered by many to be the pinnacle of Indian Larry's artistic achievements. It features his signature dished tank, root beer metal flake paint, twisted down tube frame, and a truly unique engine with a shovelhead front cylinder, panhead rear, and jockey shift. An open belt drive is emblazoned with the "Wild Child" name. Brass accents and a handcarved leather seat in Indian Larry's likeness complete the picture of this motorized masterpiece. In 2003, Larry rode "Wild Child" from St. Louis, Missouri, to Sturgis, South Dakota, where Larry's bike was named the winner of the Build-Off, one of three unprecedented consecutive wins for the chopper enthusiast. A second gift offered by Indian Larry, "Question Everything", is modeled after Indian Larry's famous "Daddy O," featuring a twisted springer front end, a handmade Indian Larry wishbone frame with a signature mustang tank, 93 cubic-inch shovelhead engine, and hand-painted platinum-leaf flames. With the purchase of "Wild Child," Neiman Marcus will donate $7,000 to The Heart of Neiman Marcus Foundation.
(Indian Larry's "Wild Child" Motorcycle $750,000, page 46; Indian Larry's "Question Everything" Motorcycle $80,000, information available online only)
The limited-edition Dom Pérignon's Balloon Venus is playful, impactful, and signature Jeff Koons. Designed in celebration of the Dom Pérignon Rosé Vintage 2003, this incarnation is based on one of the latest works from Koons's Antiquity series called Balloon Venus (a modern riff on the Venus of Willendorf, which dates back to approximately 23,000 B.C.). According to the artist, this version represents the link between past, present, and future vintages of Dom Pérignon, as well as the continuity of the human experience symbolized by Venus.With every Dom Pérignon's Balloon Venus purchase, Neiman Marcus will donate $1,000 to The Heart of Neiman Marcus Foundation.
($20,000; page 47)
With its elegant profile and confident, sexy stance, your Neiman Marcus 2014 Aston Martin Vanquish Volante, one of only 10 in the world, scores high marks on good looks alone. But there's more to this machine than meets the eye. Beneath its NM Exclusive Seychelles Blue exterior exists the culmination of a century of technological and engineering prowess. Handbuilt in Gaydon, England, your Vanquish Volante sports a 100% carbon fiber shell—the first ever in Aston Martin's history—allowing for a much lighter car with greater torsional and structural rigidity, while enhancing safety, performance, and handling. A new, naturally aspirated 6.0-liter, V-12 engine produces some 565 horsepower and is tuned to deliver 457 pound-feet of torque, available and accessible throughout the rev range to deliver an enhanced performance feel. The engine sends the drive strictly to the rear wheels via a six-speed Touchtronic 2 automatic transmission, making acceleration smooth, steady, and, above all, responsive. With a turn of the ignition, the throaty engine roars to life. A three-mode Adaptive Damping System allows you to choose the character of your ride. Cruising down the coastline, you wonder what it would be like to put the reported 180-plus mph max speed to the test. Like a certain secret agent, you have a penchant for these beautiful British automobiles—and a taste for adventure. With every purchase of the Neiman Marcus 2014 Aston Martin Vanquish Volante, Neiman Marcus will donate $3,000 to The Heart of Neiman Marcus Foundation. Reserve your 2014 Neiman Marcus 2014 Aston Martin Vanquish Volante by calling 1-888-756-0775, beginning promptly at noon EDT on October 23, 2013.
($344,500; pages 50-51)
Last year's offerings included a set of "his and hers" watches paired with a trip to Paris and Geneva for just over $1 million. Other "his and hers" gifts over the years have included everything from airplanes to camels.
Other past offerings have included a $15,000 edible gingerbread playhouse and $420,000 tour of European flower shows.


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Acrux ā´krəks [key] [from the Bayer designation α Crucis], brightest star in the constellation Crux (Southern Cross); 1992 position R.A. 12h26.2m, Dec. −63°04′. Its apparent magnitude of 0.86 makes it one of the 20 brightest stars in the sky, although its location in the far southern sky prevents it from being seen by most observers in the United States. Acrux is a visual binary star, with components of spectral classes B1 and B3, each component itself being a spectroscopic binary. Its distance is about 370 light-years.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2023, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Astronomy: Stars


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Our Verdict
With the amazing leaps in Web design over the past couple of years, sites can fall out of style quickly. How do you keep up with the technology, and how do you keep your websites looking fresh and interesting? Adobe's Dreamweaver CC provides tools that can help you do both, but some people may feel that it distances design from code more than previous versions did.
No more square boxes
Dreamweaver CC's most obvious enhancement is its new CSS Designer, which provides visual aids for CSS attributes that apply to objects. In Dreamweaver CS6, you could make adjustments in a more basic panel, but you might, for example, have to look at an entry for an object's border radius and think, "top, right, bottom, left" to make sure that you get the settings' order correct.
With Dreamweaver CC, you'll see a box with rounded corners to indicate the radius settings, with the dimensions arranged just inside the corners. You can adjust the settings individually, or you can use the lock icon in the middle of the box to make the settings change all at once. The corners of the box do not change, though—you have to look at the numbers, or at the Design view while in Live view, or in a browser, to see the changes.
Most vexing, though, is that undo and redo don't apply to changes you make in the CSS Designer window. In fact, if you make a change in the Design panel, make another change in the CSS Designer, and then undo, the change you made in the Design view will be undone.
Previously, if you used Dreamweaver CS6's Fluid Grid Layout feature to build responsive pages that work in desktop, tablet, and smartphone browsers, the program led you to assign unique IDs to each element newly added to its grid. Dreamweaver CC, however, gives you the option to assign them a global HTML class as you add them, so that, afterward, adjustments you make to the CSS properties of one of the elements affect all of the elements using that class. Dreamweaver CC also provides many more HTML5 components in the Insert menu for Fluid Grid Layouts.
The CSS Designer may make Web design more accessible to people who prefer working with a visual layout—that is, those who don't work exclusively in code. But even though I do like working in Design view (with Code view open at the same time), I discovered that I also had to concentrate on this large new work area. In fact, I found myself looking more at Design view and the CSS Designer, and losing track of where I was in the code.
Web-fonts fun
Dreamweaver CC makes using Web fonts easier, too. A dialog box shows all of the fonts available in the Adobe Edge Web Fonts library, an open-source font repository that includes fonts from Adobe TypeKit and Google Web Fonts. It does not, however, include all of the fonts in Adobe TypeKit—just the open-source ones. Still, you get a large collection from which to choose, and the variety makes it much easier to replace those bygone-era fonts—Arial, Times, Courier, et al—with jazzy new ones. And, because the fonts are open-source, you can use them on any site you want, for as long as you want. However, you can use fonts from the Edge Web Fonts library for free, without Dreamweaver CC; Adobe even gives you the code necessary to use them.
Because your Creative Cloud subscription allows you to install Dreamweaver CC on two computers (or on a dual-boot Mac running OS X and Windows), you can sync application and site settings between the computers using your Creative Cloud account. Soon, says Adobe, that will include Web-font settings, so when you open a file on the second computer, the fonts you've specified on the first computer will appear without your having to set them up again.
If Dreamweaver CC were truly a cloud application, it would be located entirely in the cloud—you wouldn't have to download the application on each machine—and it would rely on server-farm CPU power, rather than on that of your puny computer. And, you would be able to log in from anywhere, on any machine, on any OS, using your subscription account. But it's not.
Subscribe to a bigger monitor
Adobe says that Dreamweaver CC's updated interface makes it more intuitive and offers a smoother workflow, and that you can get things done with fewer clicks. In some respects, perhaps that's true, but the addition of the huge CSS Designer panel means that Dreamweaver has even more to cram into its interface—so much that I found myself constantly expanding and contracting windows within the application, even when I had it running full screen on a 24-inch monitor. I also found the application quite sluggish with complex layouts, both on a 2011 MacBook Pro with a 2.3GHz Core i7 CPU and on a Windows-based workstation. Adobe says that its rendering engine has caused some performance issues, but that it will address them by replacing the engine in Dreamweaver CC's next release.
Switching among Dreamweaver's view modes—the normal mode, Live view, Live Code, Inspect—gets tedious. For example, if you're in the normal mode, you can't see the effects of any HTML5 settings in the Design view; you see square boxes instead of ones with rounded corners. In Live view, you see those effects, but you can't edit text in the Design panel (though you can edit it in the Code panel with Live view enabled). Shouldn't we always be able to see the most accurate representation of our edits?
Dreamweaver CC's Live view continues to rely on WebKit to display layouts, but you'll still have to check how your layouts look in browsers that do not rely on WebKit rendering—including Internet Explorer (multiple versions, naturally), Firefox, and any other browsers you need to support. Dreamweaver CS6 had a panel for Adobe BrowserLab, an external service that would show you how your layout would look in different browsers, but the company killed off the service earlier this year.
Bottom line
Dreamweaver CC isn't a major overhaul; most of Adobe's work this year went into migrating the program toward the Creative Cloud subscription service. Adobe still has much work to do to make this application and its Creative Cloud siblings truly cloud-based. Nevertheless, Dreamweaver CC remains an inspiring application, with many ways to help you realize your Web creativity. If you've decided to subscribe to the Creative Cloud subscription service, then you'll certainly want to try it out.


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Curry Pizza House Sacramento – Natomas
Best Dessi Indian Pizza House In Natomas CA
Curry Pizza House is a pizzeria that specializes in fusion and craft pizzas. Our pizzas are made with high-quality ingredients and we combine different flavors from around the world to create delicious and unique pies. Whether you`re in the mood for something classic like pepperoni or want to try something new & adventurous like our butter chicken pizza, made with our Shahi sauce and topped with fresh toppings and cheese. we`ve got you covered. So come on by and taste the goodness for yourself!
In addition to traditional Italian-style pizzas, Curry Pizza House offers a variety of specialty options such as our Mexican Pizza, Hawaiian Pizza and our Indian Fusion Flavored Curry Pizzas like Tandoori Chicken Pizza made with our signature "white garlic" sauce topped with mozzarella cheese, fresh green bell peppers, thin sliced red onions, and diced tomatoes, and marinated Tandoori Chicken, sprinkled with fresh cilantro leaves.
Our customers have voted for us as "Best Indian Pizza Restaurant in Bay Area" and "Hands down the Best Fusion Flavored Pizzas I've Ever Tasted." The other day we got review that said "The Quality of The Pizza's Here Is Always Consistent, They Have Amazing Variety of Pizza and They Never Leave Me Disappointed, I'm a Fan of Curry Pizza House"
Are you ready to give us a try? Visit our Curry Pizza House locations throughout Fremont, CA Milpitas and CA Cupertino.
Make sure to stop by our shop to sample our fusion wings and baked masala chips. Oh not to mention our delicious Mango Lassi.
You don't have to be there in person, but that's okay. You can download our mobile app curry pizzeria or order online at currypizzahouse.com. We offer pickup and delivery options via our online ordering platforms.
We look forward to seeing you at your next visit
Business Name:
Curry Pizza House Sacramento – Natomas
4261 Truxel Rd a6, Sacramento, CA 95834Sacramento CA 95834United State
(916) 848-2800
Neighborhoods in Sacramento, CA
Alhambra Triangle, Alkali Flat, Avondale, Ben Ali, Boulevard Park, Brentwood, College/Glen, Colonial Heights, Colonial Village, Curtis Park, Del Paso Heights, Dos Rios Triangle, East Sacramento, Elmhurst, Fruitridge Vista
Things to do in Sacramento, CA
Our Newest Profiles


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Dear Dr. Robin Turner,
Thank you for being! We at the CFC would like to send you love and support as you are being attacked for doing the work that we believe is necessary for changing our world. When we ask our students to understand that everyone is not white, male, heterosexual, we have then begun to challenge not only systems of power but also the deeply ingrained identity constructs through which folks understand themselves. Unfortunately, sometimes we are caught in the crossfire of students' reactions to being challenged. It is easier to react than to respond.
We hope you elevate your practice of self-care in this moment, that you reject the implicit demand evident in this student's temper tantrum that you do the emotional labor around his privilege(s) that he is unwilling to do. Our hope is that you are enveloped in a community of supportive colleagues, administrators, friends, and family members, and that you know that your extended network has your back. We love you!
With Crunk Support,
The CFC
P.S. As you take time to care for your self in this moment, we offer the links below to bring a smile to your face or comfort to your heart!
- Shit White Girls Say To Black Girls
- Nice White Lady
- Des'Ree "You Gotta Be"
- T.I., "You Don't Know Me"
- Crime Mob, "Knuck If You Buck"
- Sade, Soldier of Love


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[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_NB97dRoWg?feature=player_embedded]iPhone5Mod today unveiled a new case accessory that gives the iPhone 5 a physical keyboard and video game controller all in a super-slim magnetic package. iPhone5Mod is a Chinese accessories retailer which was one of the earliest to supply a third-party Lightning dock/cable, and which also provided a modkit to make your iPhone 4 or 4S look like an iPhone 5 before Apple demanded it be pulled from sale, but this latest shouldn't run afoul of Apple's rules and regulations.
The EX Hybrid Controller for iPhone 5, as the device is called, features a snap-on case for the iPhone 5 that has a powerful magnet built-in. Two aluminum back surfaces then stack on top of that, providing both a Bluetooth 3.0 keyboard, and a game controller using the same connectivity, each at only 2mm thick. iPhone5Mod claims the keyboard is the thinnest and lightest ever made for the iPhone, and judging by its appearance in the video, that would indeed appear to be true.
The EX Hybrid lets you snap the iPhone to the keyboard or game controller using its magnets, and can be used in either portrait or landscape orientation. iPhone5Mod claims 40 hours of active use time for the EX Hybrid, with 160 hours of standby time, and only an hour required to reach a full charge. The case is also water and dust-proof (though it won't protect your iPhone from either of these). When I contacted iPhone5Mod for compatibility, they said that the game controller's d-pad functions would work with all games, and that the buttons work with any game that supports additional function keys.
Despite their extremely thin construction, iPhone5Mod also told me that the keys on both the keyboard and game pad are indeed buttons that physically click, and not just touch-sensitive surfaces. The only thing that has me a little apprehensive is that in the video, we don't see the controller actually working with a game, but I've requested a device to try it out ourselves. If this thing works as advertised, it's a steal at the $49.90 asking price.


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Kmart has a LOT of the hottest toys this holiday season.
- Johnny The Skull Johnny the Skull is an electronic game that, when he swivels his head around the room, ghosts are projected from his eye. Shoot quick or you may miss them! The blaster will count the number of ghosts hit. Hear the ghosts make spooky sounds throughout the game. Game has 3 different skill levels — can you master them all?
- Twister Dance An updated, modern version of the ever-popular, classic game. It's Twister, 2012 style. Fun for parties and family get togethers!
- WEE Brawlin' Buddies Stuffed versions of popular WWE stars who can handle a throwdown and even use familiar phrases used by the real stars!
- FurReal Friends Bouncy My Happy To See Me Pup– This little pup is just cute as can be. A nice small size, this little pup comes with it's very own tote bag and brush (an exclusive to Kmart gift set) and is all ready to interact and play with your little one. This little pup even jumps and spins!
- Monsuno Strike Sector Combat Set Step up your game and take your Monsuno action into the battle zone! The Monsuno Strike Sector Combat Set allows for fast-paced battle anytime, anywhere. Quickly & easily snaps apart and folds up for easy transport! Comes with an EXCLUSIVE translucent blue Charger figure, core & card!
- 2012 Brunette Holiday Barbie- This is a brunette Barbie in a gorgeous, holiday red ball gown, with shimmer and silver accents. She's a favorite collectible and any Barbie fan will love to have her!
- LEGO Monster Fighters: The Vampyre Hearse With all of the success of the Twilight movies, LEGO has found a way to give the "bigger" kids some fun – and safe- vampire toys. We're huge LEGO fans anyway in this house but I am loving the "edge" of this product line!
- HotWheels Dune Racer Ride On My son would be over the moon for this dune racer, although it's not in our budget and we have some ride on toys already. It is totally cool, though. I wouldn't mind if Santa dropped one by the house!
- Furby Furby's back and I secretly hope someone decides to tell Santa I'd not mind having a pink one. Why? I was "too old" for them last time, but always wanted one. Now they are back and the kids are almost old enough…and I still want one! It's hard to resist such a cute, furry toy that's interactive.
- Air Hogs Hover Assault- Super cool R/C vehicle that can also FLY!
- Imaginext Castle– We are HUGE fans of the Imaginext Line- so much opportunity for creative and dramatic play! There are also accessories and add ons for every budget and this is going to be a big hit under the tree….and one of those toys that's played with for a really long time. Anything Imaginext we've had has been played with for hours upon hours a week…
- Cinderella Enchanted Carriage Vanity My 3 year old is fully engrossed in the world of princesses. She saw this vanity in the store and I'm telling you, my child's eyes filled up with tears. "It's so beautiful, mommy," she said in a whisper.
- LeapFrog Explorer LeapPad2 The #1 learning tablet just got better! LeapPad2 Explorer inspires kids to imagine and explore with front-and-back cameras and video recorders, 4 GB of memory and a library of 325+ cartridges and downloadable apps, including eBooks, videos, music, creativity apps and more for limitless learning and fun!
- Master Moves Mickey- Mickey's always a hit and Master Moves Mickey is no exception. He's a dancing machine and does handstands and even 360 spins.
- Monster High Roller Maze Gift Set Skultimate Roller Maze is a ferocious game that requires monster skills. Unfortunately, the star players have all gotten injured, and the ghouls of Monster High have to save the day! This Kmart exclusive gift set includes both Ghoulia Yelps and Abbey Bominable dolls. Ready to roll, each player has a "fangtastic" skating outfit with helmet, knee pads and skates.
And Kmart has some of the hot toys that aren't ON the list- like any of the Doc McStuffins toys- each time I head to Kmart I peek at the Fab 15 toys and check for Doc McStuffins and I can tell you that at least in the Vernon, CT store, there have been items in stock a few times per week…when other local stores are sold out!
What are the toys on YOUR shopping list this year?
Samples of these products were received in exchange for this post. The samples were photographed in their packaging so that we could donate them to ToysforTots.


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Zebra is machine that runs some functions at 2169. Bill came up with the name, as it takes after Pony and Donkey. If you need any help with Zebra, please contact Rubin.
Mac Mini G4 with 1gb of ram and 40gb storage. Currently running Debian Lenny. There is a UPC UPS hooked up, the battery seems to work fine. IP address is 172.30.0.41 .
You can find Zebra at the kitchen table mounded under the Reverse Engineering Bar display.
Reverse Engineering Bar[edit]
The front end to the Reverse Engineering Bar is being driven by Zebra. The "ReBar" displays user generated content from Pony on the display. Example content is Bart times, or recent wiki edits.
Our Jukebox for the space plays through Zebra. This is done with MPD building a library of the music hosted on Pony and pumping it to the audio receiver. Zebra contains no music.


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Winter break is finally over and I am ready to start school again! We had a super long (40 days!) winter break and I am ready to get back on a schedule. As much as I loved having all that time off over the holidays, on my first day of classes I began to remember how much I actually love school! Not justspending time with friends, butunpacking everything in my dorm and attending new classes can be pretty fun! Although, coming back to school came with afew changes...
I came back to the residence hall to find a half empty dorm room — as in my roommate's stuff was NOT there! After a little Facebook stalking, I found out that she got a job at Hooters and dropped out of school! I felt kind of sad that she didn't even bother to tell me. We were super close friends in the beginning of the year. But college isn't for everybody I guess. I just wish it was a little less lonely living by myself. Now, my room is so boring and empty. Plus, I have two of everything (sinks, dressers, desks, chairs, beds!)
Not only my roommate, but one of my best friends moved out of the dorms this semester too! It's so quiet without her around, she was definitely the life of the party around here. I've been trying toleave my door open to meet some new people, but with my luck, I live all the way down a random, lonely, hallway and I don't see many girls walking around down here. I guess I'll just have to try making new friend in my new classes.
More From Seventeen
So, I guess this means I have to go poster shopping and grab tons of pictures to fill up all these empty spaces. I also need to replace all the stuff that was hers, like the TV and silverware. It's hard not having any forks around here when I want to make a snack. (I had to "borrow" a couple from the cafeteria at lunch today.) I think I might get a cute, little fish too! Maybe that will make it a little more bearable living in such a big room all by myself.
Would you rather have a roommate, or live alone?


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(The Real-Time Disintegration into Ruins of the Berlin Olympic Stadium over the Course of a Thousand Years)
96 pp., 7 x 10 in, 36 color illus., 16 b&w illus.
- Hardcover
- 9783956793387
- Published: April 7, 2017
- Publisher: Sternberg Press
- Rights: not for sale in Europe or the UK
This publication documents the first iteration of Belgian artist David Claerbout's project Olympia, a digital simulation of the Olympic Stadium in Berlin. Conceived to last one thousand years, Claerbout's simulation uses real-time weather data to present the slow decay of the stadium over the coming millennium. Projected onto monumental screens in the Boiler House at the KINDL – Centre for Contemporary Art in Berlin from late summer 2016 to spring 2017, Olympia aims to exceed the human ability to imagine time, thus radically surpassing our own experience of the world.
Juxtaposing human temporality with ideological and technical time, Claerbout's point of departure is the stadium of the 1936 Olympics, built by Nazi architect Albert Speer, which the artist has painstakingly digitally rendered, and whose history is recounted in this catalogue. The work makes reference to the "Thousand-Year Reich"—a concept adopted by the Nazis—and the crude ideas of Speer, who called for architecture, as a symbol of empire, to be designed with its future ruins in mind.
The slow disintegration of architecture does not fit within our time horizon, yet this richly illustrated publication—complete with time stamped screenshots and installation views of the project, as well as reflections by Knut Ebeling, Andreas Fiedler, and the artist—reveals what is perceptible to us in real time.
Copublished with KINDL – Centre for Contemporary Art, Berlin
David Claerbout, Knut Ebeling, Andreas Fiedler


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As you may have heard, Apple released an update to the iPhone OS beta to registered developers last night. iPhone OS 3.1 already appears to have a handful of fixes that should please some users, and there are surely more hidden beneath the surface.
According to numerous sources, many items got some love in this beta, including Voice Control now working over Bluetooth (for iPhone 3GS users, that is). The AT&T profile has been updated to 4.2 (enabling MMS to work), the iPhone now vibrates when moving icons around, third-party apps now having APIs to access and edit videos, and the baseband firmware is now version 5.08.01. Additionally, editing video no longer saves over the original by default, allowing you to save a copy and preserve the original for transferring later. Finally, several improvements have been made to OpenGL and Quartz.
As noted by the quickpwn developers, users of the ultrasn0w software unlock should be extra cautious of updating to the 3.1 beta (as in, don't do it at all) unless they like turning their phones into shiny paperweights. This likely doesn't apply to most of you reading this, but we know a number of you are using your US iPhones on T-Mobile, so keep an ear out for when you can update after 3.1 becomes available to the public.


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Mammalian insectivores, moles are often confused with rodents, though the two creatures keep different diets and habits. While the eastern mole is the most prevalent species in North America, hairy tailed and Western North American moles also inhabit specific regions in the United States. The animals are particularly annoying for home and business owners who maintain expensive landscaping.
Small creatures, moles generally do not exceed 6 inches (16 cm) in length and typically weigh close to 3 ounces (75 g). Most species have webbed front claws that make them especially capable diggers. Eastern moles are grayish-brown in color and their fur is soft and silk-like. As the animals spend the majority of their lives underground, they have little need for highly developed senses of sight or sound. As such, moles have incredibly small eyes and ears that are hard to see with the naked human eye.
Moles make subterranean homes for protection from predators, to rear young, and to overwinter in regions with cold weather. The adept diggers prefer loose soils, like sand, and avoid clay and stony soils, which impede their ability to dig efficiently. Consequently, moles are often found in meadows, grasslands, and woodlands. They particularly enjoy making homes in human landscaping as the tailored and damp ground is ideal for digging.
Are moles known to enter homes or yards?
Given their preferred habitats and activities, moles are rarely seen inside buildings. Land owners who use mole-preferred soils on their plots are at highest risk of attracting the tiny mammals. Expanses of property used for growing crops and golf courses are also favored sites for mole burrowing. Soils high in acidity, on the other hand, repel the pests.
Do moles harm people or property?
Since they tunnel so close to ground surfaces, moles often leave behind unsightly mounds of upturned dirt and kill grass and other plants when they burrow into the ground. As infestations of moles grow, they are capable of more destruction and can totally ruin otherwise aesthetically pleasing fields, as well as destroy crop yields for farmers. Additionally, the mammals inhabit sports fields, rendering them unusable.
Control and Safety
Employing mole control methods can be tedious and expensive. Unless affected property owners have the time to monitor traps and plant boundaries to exclude the small mammals from the area, specialized services should be enlisted to eliminate mole infestations. Flooding mole hills is sometimes effective during the spring. However, adult moles are usually able to flee and later re-inhabit the area.
Trapping and Removal
Moles are difficult to trap and populations of the pest are hard to control. Individuals dealing with mole infestations should call Critter Control, as we maintain experienced workforces that specialize in mole removal. Let our trained technicians use their expertise to eradicate mole problems quickly and efficiently.
We can help you get rid of mole problems.Request a Quote


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NEW YORK (CNNMoney) -- From the start of the debate over the current health reform law in 2009, one of the big questions was its impact on deficits.
When it passed a year later, the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimated that it could reduce deficits modestly in the first 10 years and then much more significantly in the second decade.
How those estimates will change after the Supreme Court rules on the fate of the Affordable Care Act is anyone's guess.
The court, expected to issue its decision in the next week, could uphold the law in full, overturn it wholesale or repeal specific provisions. Here are the possible fiscal ramifications of each scenario.
Law is upheld: The CBO estimated last year that the federal government would spend about $1 trillion to provide subsidized insurance to low- and middle-income families between 2012 and 2021.
But on balance, because of the law's many cost-reducing measures and targeted tax increases, deficits would be reduced by $210 billion, the CBO estimated.
Even if the Affordable Care Act is upheld, estimates of how it affects the budget will change.
For one thing, there are likely to be changes in factors that go into assessing the law's costs and savings, such as new forecasts about overall health care costs and employment.
And lawmakers could change pieces of the law. They've already ditched some provisions.
Gone, for instance, is the so-called CLASS Act, a long-term care insurance program that would have helped seniors in need of assistance with daily tasks such as bathing and dressing. The elimination the CLASS Act is estimated to reduce the deficit-reduction potential of health reform by roughly $80 billion in the first decade.
Law is overturned: A decision to overturn the Affordable Care Act very likely would increase deficits modestly, since the law itself was projected to reduce them.
In February 2011, the CBO estimated that a bill to repeal the law would have increased deficits by $210 billion.
But again, a number of factors could alter the estimate. Among them: changes in economic forecasts and health care cost inflation.
And if the law is overturned, the estimated 30 million or so new people who would have been insured under the law would remain among the ranks of the uninsured.
Individual mandate is repealed: One possibility is that the high court strikes down the individual mandate, which requires that everyone buy health insurance or pay a penalty starting in 2014.
A repeal of the mandate alone could reduce deficits by $282 billion over 10 years, the CBO estimated last year.
Without a mandate, fewer people would buy insurance, and therefore the federal government would spend less on the new insurance subsidies intended to help eligible individuals and families pay for their policies.
But the bang for the buck that the government would get for subsidizing coverage would go down too, said Matthew Buettgens, a senior research associate at the Urban Institute.
He estimates that the government would spend about 3% less without a mandate, but far fewer people would get coverage than if the mandate stays.
The CBO last year estimated that 16 million fewer people in 2021 would be insured if the mandate is repealed.
Medicaid expansion is overturned: The law calls for an expansion of eligibility for Medicaid, and it provides additional federal money to states to cover it.
States that choose to participate in Medicaid must accommodate the expansion or potentially risk losing other federal matching funds for the program.
One of the questions before the court is whether such an expansion is unconstitutionally coercive of the states.
If the provision is struck down, it likely would reduce the cost of health reform; the expansion was most recently estimated to cost $931 billion over 11 years. But that would also reduce the number of the insured -- the CBO has estimated roughly 17 million people would be covered because of the program's expansion.
More than one measure is repealed: The question of how the ruling would affect the country's fiscal outlook gets substantially trickier if the court strikes down more than one provision.
It's not clear, for instance, what the effects would be if the court kills off the mandate along with two other provisions -- so-called guaranteed issue and community rating.
Guaranteed issue means insurers would have to insure everyone, even if they have a pre-existing condition. Community rating means insurers could not charge sick policyholders more than healthy ones, although there are allowances for premiums charged to people of different ages.
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White (Bleeves EasyFold)
by Bleeves₱1,045.00
Bleeves EasyFold is regular-sized Bleeves which conveniently folds and zips into a pillow. It has a velcro handle, which allows you to hang it anywhere. Perfect to satisfy your OC self, or to carry with you on-the-go!
White (Bleeves EasyFold)
Style: Solid Color (White)
Weight: Approx. 0.8 kgs
Thickness: Approx. 200 gsm
Material: Cuddle Fleece (Polyester Blend)
Actual product color may slightly vary due to photographic lighting.
Dimensions Guide
Explore different sizes! Find the perfect size for your purpose:
Kids: L 100 cm x W 90 cm
Regular: L 150 cm x W 150 cm
XtraLong: L 200 cm x W 150 cm
EasyFold: L 150 cm x W 150 cm
Gidie Regular: Length 100 cm, Chest 93 cm, Sleeves 75 cm
Gidie XtraLong: Length 150 cm, Chest 93 cm, Sleeves 75 cm
Washing Guide
Bleeves® is made of 100% polyester. We recommend adhering to the washing guide to prolong the life of your item.
All photos shown are for illustration purposes only. Actual product colors may vary. Every monitor or mobile display has a different capability to display colors, and every individual may see these colors differently. Prices are subject to change without prior notice.
For help, please contact our customer service department at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
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Brain & Behaviour
You'll be introduced to the link between brain and behavior.
Pharmacology Fundamentals
Neural Tissue
Hit a home run with your knowledge of neural tissue and the nervous system.
Structure of the Human Eye
You'll be introduced to basic terminology of the human eye.
Muscle Structure
See how good you are at identifying these sound-alike terms!
The Brain
Play ball! Get a hit on your knowledge of the brain.
Neurological Baseball
Let's play ball! You'll answer questions related to neurology to win the ball game!
Neuromuscular Jeopardy
You'll understand and practice your neuromuscular terminology!
Cardiac Structure and Function
Answer these questions to show off your knowledge of the heart!
Abnormal Psychology Baseball
Test your knowledge of Psychological Assessment and diagnosis.