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|Recently Added Scenes - Total Scenes: 6,558 Scenes
Nov 24th - WatchingMyMomGoBlack.com
Ashton Blake
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Ashton Blake - Rating: 7.60
Meet Jake. He's a tutor at the local university who works with the student-athletes, making sure they remain eligible to play. Meet Flash, the university's star forward. And meet Ms. Ashton Blake, Jake's step-mom...and a total BCS. She has a special relationship with her step-son. They're both perverts! Step-mommy loves the athletes she meets through Jake...and Jake loves to watch step-mommy get banged out by them. Jake doesn't care step-mom cheats on his dad. He loves the "live pornos" he gets to watch, sometimes on a weekly basis! Since Ashton loves black men so much, she's in Heaven, too. And Flash? Just look how happy Ashton's mouth, cunt, and ripe, puckered asshole makes him feel! It may be weird and taboo to some, but for Ashton, Flash, and Jake, it's a fun day of perverted madness.
Nov 23rd - InterracialPickups.com
Amara Romani
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Amara Romani - Rating: 9.55
Your girl's about to cheat on you with a black guy. No joke. Here's how it's gonna go down: while you're out running errands and doing stuff, your girl's gonna have her Bull swing by for a full-blown fuck session. When he's down with round #1, The Bull is gonna grab his new videocamera. See, he wants to save his fuck sessions with your girl in some place other than his memories. He's going to document them. Just as your girl is getting dressed, The Bull is coming back into her room with camera running. Your girl, reluctant at first cause she knows you're on your way home, starts losing her mind with all that BBC stuffed in her mouth. Even when you call her to say you're almost there! She'll send you on an errand to buy more time, which means The Bull will fuck her cunt and ripe asshole before dumping his large, thick load down her throat. After he's done and on his way out, The Bull captures the most shocking part of the sex tape...you're about to be blown away, but next time you come home and she's "moody", this might be the real reason why.
Nov 7th - GloryHole.com
Summer Day
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Summer Day - Rating: 9.51
Like most housewives, Summer Day is bored, horny...and kinda lonely. I mean, with Hubby working all day long, what's a pent-up gal to do but wanna blow some steam off? Summer's been shopping so much lately, she's over it. Summer's also a very horny housewife, and she has "taboo" thoughts. Lately, Summer's been thinking a lot about taking a black lover, but that could lead to a lot of drama. Her safe bet? Rent a dirty movie that features well-hung black men fucking white girls. She's even gone as far as to visit an adult bookstore, but there's no way she could take home a DVD of that nature! Which is when the store clerk reminds Summer that's one of the reasons they have an viewing arcade in the back of the store! Summer has no idea what she's about to step into...and did I mention Summer doesn't think it's cheating if it only goes in her ass!?!
Valentina Nappi & Chanell Heart Member Comments:
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Valentina Nappi & Chanell Heart - Rating: 9.45
You've seen her on our flagship site, Blacks on Blondes, getting gang banged and DP'd and banged in the ass by Mandingo. You've seen her take a trip to the gloryhole. Over at Interracial Blowbang, a multitude of African-Americans fucked her pie-hole, resulting in a bukkake. She's a supreme cuckoldress who hails from Italy and one of Dogfart's most popular models. Valentina Nappi! One of the most popular porn stars in the world, today she's back to the Dogfart Network for her first boy/girl/girl interracial scene, her co-stars being none other than Chanell Heart and Prince Yashua! What you're in for here is yet another superb performance by all three stars! From Chanell cleaning Prince's thick cock after being deep in Valentina's ass to pounding both of these girls, it looks like another Top 20 scene for our very favorite Italian black cock slut!!
Oct 30th - CuckoldSessions.com
McKenzie Lee
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McKenzie Lee - Rating: 7.35
Meet Officer Lee. He's a cop. He's not a bad cop...but sometimes he "bends the rules", so to speak. Today's a great example. On his way to work, he's decided to drop off his wife at her work. Her name is McKenzie Lee, and she's a stripper. This, of course, is a violation of police procedure. And when his car konks out while he's giving his stripper wife a ride to her club, well...he can't just take his car to The Yard to have it fixed. Enter Isiah Maxwell and his mechanic shop. They're busy, so it's going to take Office Lee much more than a "please" to get his car fixed before both his and his wife's shifts begin. Even more than "pretty please". It's going to take all three of his slutty, stripper wife's holes to get Isiah's team to make his car right, and that's OK with Officer Lee. He's a cuckold, and he's about to enjoy another cuckold session with his beautiful, busty wife!!
Oct 25th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Hope Howell
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Hope Howell - Rating: 9.52
Thank goodness for the internet! No more getting ripped off by taxis! No more pricey hotel rooms! No more guessing if the restaurant is going to have good food and service! There's an app for everything, and Hope Howell uses them all. For example, she used an app to get from the airport to the place she's staying...and she found the place she's staying the same way. Hope's come from out of town for her bachelorette party. It's her last weekend as a "free woman", and some of her college girlfriends are taking her out for a night on the town. But before all the fun begins, she's got to meet the guy she's renting her room from. And she's excited! Before she booked it, she looked at all the renter profiles, and she chose this place because the owner's a black man. She's gonna go out with a "bang" before she ties the knot, and it's gonna be a big bang. A really big bang. A mouth bang and a cunt bang and an ass bang, and she'll swallow the landlord's load, too...cause after all, it's her last weekend as a free woman!
Oct 23rd - WatchingMyDaughterGoBlack.com
Zelda Morrison
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Zelda Morrison - Rating: 7.47
A few weeks after her mom re-married, Zelda Morrison caught her step-dad jerking to interracial porn on the internet. Her step-dad was very embarrassed, but Zelda told him it was cool. Then, she confessed to him: "I'm a black cock slut!" Since then, they've come to an agreement. Zelda gets pretty much whatever she wants as long as she lets step-dad in her bedroom while she's entertaining her African-American friends. It really works very well. When Zelda needs money to go shopping, or wants to stay out all night, or failed a test and doesn't want to get in trouble for it, all she has to do it let step-dad watch...and jerk his little white winky. Today, Zelda asked for a big, BIG favor: she wants to smoke pot in her room. A favor of such magnitude means she's got to spoil step-dad back. What better way than to have some of guys who play football at her community college come over and run a train on Zelda? Step-dad watches in amazement as the guys make Zelda "air-tight" but stuffing her mouth, cunt, and asshole at the same time. After it's all said and done? Step-dad clean up!!!
Oct 16th - CuckoldSessions.com
Summer Day
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Summer Day - Rating: 7.43
Summer Day and her hubby, Ryan, are self-proclaimed freaks. They've got an "open" relationship and practice polyamory. What's this mean? Ryan fucks any women he desires, and he may (or may not) fuck them with Summer. What else does this mean? Ryan enjoys watching his watch being satisfied, and nothing satisfies Summer Day more than "BBC". Why? She's "BCS"! Big black dick for the black cock slut...and all the while hubby watches! Summer's a three-input gal, too, and that makes Ryan proud. She'll take all that giant dick up any hole, and she'll take it only like a good slut wife does. In the end? Ryan gets to blast his beautiful wife, too! What a perfect relationship!!
Oct 11th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Kenzie Taylor
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Kenzie Taylor - Rating: 9.52
Kenzie Taylor is one smokin'-hot piece of blonde ass. Just look at her. Those eyes. Those tits. Her ass. Like most women today, she's a black cock slut, too. The difference between Kenzie and the majority of others who share her obsession with BBC? Kenzie lets the world know how she feels! There's nothing "on the DL" about her! Kenzie knows all about the Power of Black Cock, and she also knows what you're doing as you watch her enjoy what could be the biggest cock on the planet. Dingo's in town, and Kenzie will take advantage of the special occasion with all three holes...even though she's a little reserved about taking Dingo in her sweet, tight asshole. It's about to be stretched beyond her limits, and like a good black cock slut, Kenzie will submit to all Dingo has to offer!
Sep 27th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Dahlia Sky
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Dahlia Sky - Rating: 9.52
Dahlia Sky knows exactly what kind of pervert you are. Big black dicks. Little white chicks. It's your favorite porno, and quite honestly, it's Dahlia's favorite to perform. She loves the feeling of a big, thick, black cock stretching all her holes. And today, for the very first time, Dahlia will offer all her holes to the one-and-only Lexington Steele. She'll crawl to Lex in order to get skull fucked, then offer up her ripe, wet cunt. After Lex is done with that hole, it's on to Dahlia's super-tight asshole, which will be stretched to its limits. Lex then turns Dahlia's beautiful face into a jizzy mess, which, of course, makes her look even better. In the end, she's a fucked-out mess and dick drunk, stumbling off set with Lexington Steele still on her mind.
Sep 20th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Abella Danger & Melissa Moore
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Abella Danger & Melissa Moore - Rating: 9.49
Look at black cock sluts Melissa Moore and Abella Danger! They're fucking together for the first time, and their prize is none other than Prince Yashua! Before they share Prince, Abella and Melissa share each other. It's an ass-lover's delight, starting with Melissa pulling Abella's butt plug and sucking on it, to Melissa and Abella eating ass -- before The Prince makes his appearance! It's on from that point, as Prince destroys all sorts of holes before dropping his load into the girls' mouths. Time for a good, old-fashioned cum swapping session! Both girls are literally a mess when this scene wraps!
Sep 13th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
McKenzie Lee
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McKenzie Lee - Rating: 9.43
It's a hot summer day, and the fellahs are chillin' by the pool, waiting for something to go down. Sure enough, it's just a matter of time before McKenzie Lee, black cock slut, makes her appearence. She wants to go swimming, and she knows it's not going to be an easy task getting the crew to take a dip with her. Besides, who wants to go swimming when all three of McKenzie's wet, wet holes are open for business! The fellahs warm up in the back yard, using her mouth and skull fucking her before moving to a cooler location in order to really heat things up. Once there, it's a free-for-all. Seven well-hung black men use McKenzie in order to drain their swollen nut sacs! She's even "air tight" through much of this session, with BBC filling her mouth, her well-used cunt, and her tight asshole all at the same time. Once the fellahs empty their balls, McKenzie cleans up...eating all that nourishing black seed.
Aug 29th - GloryHole.com
Dahlia Sky
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Dahlia Sky - Rating: 9.52
All Dahlia Sky really needed was a large, black dildo. She's been fantasizing a lot lately, and since she's a Size Queen who loves large dicks up her ass, why not head to an adult bookstore and see what they have to offer? Sure enough, they have the 17" Black Monster Cocks, but what she didn't know is they have a large variety of Dogfart DVD's. The clerk even offered to knock 15% off her purchase if she'd preview a few in one of their arcade booths in the back of the store. Oddly curious and somewhat turned-on, Dhalia decided, "why not?" Soon, she was mastrubating in her private room. Dahlia was shocked at how wet her cunt got because of her dirty behavior! What happened next shocked her even more: the holes drilled in the wall that separated booths piqued her curiosity, but she had no idea why they were there. Perhaps to peek on your naughty neighbor? Soon she found out why, and her "giant" discovery only made her behavior even naughtier!!
Aug 27th - ZebraGirls.com
Kate England & Lisa Tiffian
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Kate England & Lisa Tiffian - Rating: 8.54
Kate England is pissed, and she's about to make things right. She's suspected her man is cheating on her with one of her pals, Lisa Tiffian, and now she's about to learn the truth. That's why she shows up at Lisa's as this scene kicks off. Soon, she's choking the truth out of Lisa with a huge, black dildo! Once Lisa confesses, it's on! Kate straps on another big black cock from her arsenal, then gives it to Lisa in all three holes. If that's not enough, Kate gets Lisa to drop to her knees before some foot worship, then it's on to Kate being satisfied before she leaves Lisa -- exhausted and laid out on the floor -- swear she'll never tough Kate's man again!
Cherie DeVille & Liza Rowe Member Comments:
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Cherie DeVille & Liza Rowe - Rating: 8.19
Poor little Nate. Just look at him. He's heartbroken...and for good reason. He caught his girlfriend with a black dude. At first, mommy tried to console him, but it's been a whole week and Nate still doesn't get it. "Why would she cheat on me, mom? I'm a smart guy and I'm in college!" So mommy is going to show a little "tough love" and teach Nate the ways of the world. She's enlisted her naughty step-daughter, Liza, to drive the lesson home. Why? Liza is just like Nate's girlfriend. She has a white boyfriend...and a black fuck buddy. And Nate's mommy, Cherie? She's happily married to her provider while she fucks black men as well. Nate's about to get a first-hand look at how relationships work in the 21st century, and after it's all said and done, we all know he'll go back to his girlfriend -- with a dozen roses and an apology.
Aug 23rd - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Angel Smalls
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Angel Smalls - Rating: 9.39
After they get married, Angel Smalls and her fiance are going to inherit her father's business. He retires soon. So while Dad and future-hubby are on vacation discussing the details on how to hand over the business, Angel's running the place. And she's got problems. We all know the old saying: when the cat's away, the mice will play. And play they do! Her mechanics are an unruly group of men, and they about to turn their bad behavior on the future owner's wife...and their boss's daughter! Do you think they care about her engagement? Or that engagement ring?! After all, since they all started working there, Angel sluts around, wearing skimpy clothes just to tease them while they labor for her dad. Now all those frustrations are about to be realized -- and taken out -- on all of petite Angel's tiny holes!
Aug 9th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Stella Cox
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Stella Cox - Rating: 9.49
You saw what happened to Subil Arch in prison. Well, her replacement, Stella Cox, doesn't fare much better. Just watch and see. This is a full-blown jailhouse riot, and Deputy Warden Cox is about to pay by getting every one of her three holes used until she's exhausted. Poor Stella's mouth, cunt and asshole are stretched to their maximum limit...at the same time! She's air tight and enjoying every second. When all three holes aren't being stuffed, random convicts are walking up to use her as a cumdumpster. The convicts aren't fucking around today, and when this is all said and done, in addition to being a cum-slathered slut, Stella Cox is going to be an unemployed cum-slathered slut!
Aug 8th - WeFuckBlackGirls.com
Sarah Banks
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Sarah Banks - Rating: 9.13
Sarah Banks is a physician's assistant that, from time to time, oversteps her job description. You know the old saying -- when the cat's away, the mice will play -- which perfectly describes Sarah today. She's insanely turned on by white men, so why not give one of her favorite patients his hernia and prostate check? Speaking of white men, Kurt Lockwood is a known freak, so he's down. Whether Sarah has a finger or a tongue up his ass, Kurt doesn't mind. On the flipside, when Kurt's got his big white cock buried deep in Sarah's ass, she doesn't mind either. In fact, they both love it. From taboo dirty talk to Sarah on her knees begging to "cum on my braces", this scene is smoking hot.
Aug 2nd - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Summer Day
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Summer Day - Rating: 9.53
Summer Day likes size. Let's face it, size does matter, and Summer's like almost all women out there. In fact, when a girl says something like, "size doesn't matter" and "it's the motion of the ocean", what she's really doing is trying hard not to bruise your frail ego. What sets this scene apart is newcomer Dredd's first appearance on the Dogfart Network. Truth be told, they don't come much bigger than Dredd, who keeps the same company as Mandingo, Shane Diesel, Jack Napier, and Lexington Steele. We'll go out on a limb here to say he might be bigger than all the aforementioned all-stars who have made Dogfart the place to be when you want to see little white girls take on big black meat. Let's hand it to Summer Day, who makes her first appearance on the network as well. Dredd ruins Summer's cunt and asshole for anyone under 10 inches ever again. And she took it like a champ. A True Size Queen!
Jul 26th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Iris Rose
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Iris Rose - Rating: 9.38
It's tough escaping the summer heat. And speaking of hot, look at blonde, legal teen Iris Rose in her skimpy bikini. In addition to the pool in her backyard, there's eight horny black men waiting for her to come take a dip. Iris is horny, too, which means she's going to entertain all of them before jumping in to cool off. Iris is a true black cock slut, and to prove it, she's going to open up her tight, ripe asshole. Iris a three-input gal for the black man, as well as a cumdumpster! She'll drop to her knees right in the middle of her backyard and beg for the loads -- which she takes. All over her pretty face!
Jul 18th - WeFuckBlackGirls.com
Skyler Nicole
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Skyler Nicole - Rating: 9.13
If you've ever run or managed a strip joint, you know the money starts really flowing in when the sun goes down. The night shift is coveted by all the girls at the club, including Skyler Nicole. She's been on the day shift a while now, and she needs to make more money. She'll do anything for a shot at dancing nights. She's even managed to get an audition in front of management before the night crew comes on to work! After making her pitch and giving the guys a taste of her dancing skills, it's over to the pool table, where all six fellahs are going to get more than just a taste. They pummel all three of Skyler's holes, stretching them all to her max. After that, it's a shower of jizz. It got Skyler the night gig, but she's going to have to scrub herself down. The crew turned Skyler Nicole into a Cumdumpster!
Jul 18th - GloryHole.com
Rachael Madori
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Rachael Madori - Rating: 9.51
What starts as a trip to the adult book store to grab the latest Dogfart DVD turns into utter debauchery. You remember Rachel Midori. Some of our fellahs ran a train her her for the world-famous Blacks on Blondes. All she wants is a DVD to jack to, but soon our store clerk has her back in a preview booth, making sure she'll like the DVD before she buys it. So when an abnormally-large black cock makes an appearance, what's Rachel going to do? Ignore it? Sure, she's engaged...and her beautiful new engagement ring will probably get dirty as she services the stranger on the other side of the wall, but that's OK with Rachel. What takes her back is the second (and even larger) black cock that comes through the hole as Rachel is finishing up with Number 1. Sit back and enjoy round 2, because Rachel sure did!
Jul 16th - BlacksOnCougars.com
India Summer
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India Summer - Rating: 9.64
India Summer is made up of the stuff that eventually turns to legend. Just look at her! How many women have been in Porn Valley for as long as India and still look as good as the day they first walked on to set? She's a Size Queen, too, and has literally taken them all on: from Shane Diesel to Jack Napier to Lexington Steele to Shorty Mac, she's encountered every single BBC to make a name for himself in Porn Valley...except one. Enter Dredd. At 6'5" and 230 pounds, Dredd's an intimidating man. When he pulls out his thick, nearly 12-inch piece of black meat, he too, has what it takes to turn into legend. And this scene? Same deal. India is genuinely turned on to the point of multiple orgasm, and every time Dredd stretches India's holes, she utters the words "fuck you"! Why? She knows what she's got, and she knows Dredd is something special. Not to be had very often. This being said by perhaps the biggest Size Queen of them all.
Jul 10th - CuckoldSessions.com
Abella Danger
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Abella Danger - Rating: 7.62
Abella Danger might be one of the greatest Cuckoldresses this site has ever seen. If you don't believe us now, you will by the end of this Cuckold Session. Her minion, Jay Wimp, has been a bad boy. Abella's warned him -- on more than one occasion -- that if he touches his little, white wiener, that there would be consequences. Sure enough, after walking him around like a puppy dog, Abella locks him up...for a three month sentence! Imagine your blue balls after 90 full days of no beating your meat!! After Abella locks Jay's small white ween up, it's a cock sucking lesson with one of Abella's favorite black dildos. Which is about the time Abella's Black Bull enters. His name? Jax Slayher. His game? Putting white boys in their place. At a chiseled 6'5" and 250 pounds, you'd better not look at his dick too long! Unless, of course, you want a mighty beat-down! After Jax uses all three of Abella's holes, he unloads a 3-day back-up. What's that mean for Jay Wimp? The most humiliating thing a white boy could be made to do: clean her up!
Jun 21st - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Aletta Ocean
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Aletta Ocean - Rating: 9.52
What does one of Europe's biggest porn stars do when she's not sucking and fucking on camera? For Aletta Ocean, it's running her laundromat. You heard right. Unlike most of her peers, Aletta saves her money...and invests it in various businesses. She loves her laundromat because it generates revenue whether or not she's there...or sucking and fucking on a set somewhere. How lucky is our man Isiah that he happens to be doing his laundry the one day Aletta's there doing her books? He can't figure out the change machine, and soon he can't believe his good fortune. Let's face it, Aletta doesn't see many black men in Budapest, so when she does, Aletta loses all her common sense and behaves like the true Black Cock Slut she is.
Jun 20th - GloryHole.com
Abella Danger
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Abella Danger - Rating: 9.56
Nothing more exciting than a random sex act performed in a public place, and that's what you're about to witness. Abella Danger's really horny, and that means whatever trouble she's about to find will be highly immoral and downright filthy. Abella loves the thrill she gets from taking a risk, and today's sex act in an adult bookstore's arcade room could land her in jail. A prison sentence for public sex. It could also land her 10 inches of black meat. That's what makes her cunt so wet. Once inside the video screening booth, Abella hits pay dirt in the form of a super creepy, well-hung black man one booth over. When she sees his size and girth, Abella offers up all three holes, and she offers it up bareback. In addition to all three of Abella's holes, the creep on the other side of the wall puts all three gloryholes to work, which drives Abella crazy with desire! What a terrific slut!!
Jun 14th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Bree Haze
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Bree Haze - Rating: 9.53
Once upon a time, long long ago, there was a mansion high above the Pacific Ocean in a town called Malibu. The mansion, which would come to be called Dogfart's Secret Mansion, was a place where filthy, naughty interracial sex was documented for the world to see. In an effort to recreate those wonderful times, Isiah and JonJon are on a mansion-buying hunt in the Hungarian Hills near the magical city of Budapest. Bree Haze, their smokin'-hot realtor, has been showing them homes all week. But that's about to change. Bree's brought them to a huge home with indoor and outdoor pools, a guest house, and many many rooms in which the European Snow Bunnies will be fucked well. But before our Bulls present their offer for the home, they're going to have to give beautiful, blonde Bree Haze a taste of what's to come: black cock worship, stretched cunts, plowed assholes, double penetrations, and large loads are just some of the things to come.
Jun 12th - CuckoldSessions.com
Aletta Ocean
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Aletta Ocean - Rating: 7.30
What's the best thing a Hubby can give his BCS wife? Do I really even need to answer that question? Enter Zack and his beautiful wife, Aletta. They've been part of the cuckold lifestyle since they started dating years ago. Zack knows what's up. He understands the black man's girth will stretch his lady's holes open far more than he ever could, and why deny her that pleasure? Zack's always been a voyeur, too, and he thinks there's nothing hotter than watching his beautiful wife Aletta get banged out. Today's an extra-special day for Zack and Aletta! In addition to celebrating their anniversary in a beautiful condo they rented for the occasion, Zack stumbled upon porn star JonJon at one of Budapest's hottest clubs the night before! Zack hired JonJon as an anniversary gift. We all know this is a gift Aletta will never forget!
Jun 7th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Stella Cox
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Stella Cox - Rating: 9.55
Stella Cox, Photographer. That's what her business card says, and she specializes in weddings and head shots. Her 2pm appointment is with a man calling himself Mr. Mandingo, which piqued Stella's curiosity the second she took the appointment. And now, with this handsome black man sitting across from her, Stella finds herself tremendously turned on...to the point she loses her professionalism and makes her move. She sees the enormous bulge in his shorts, and it's so big it borders on fake. How could a man have such a large dick? One second Stella is talking about the big packages she offers for her work, and the next she's on her knees, sucking Mr. Mandingo's huge package! From there it's in her cunt, and then her asshole, before she swallows his big load. It's a day in her studio that Stella will never forget!
Jun 6th - GloryHole.com
Stella Cox
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Stella Cox - Rating: 9.54
Stella Cox is on a hunt today, and it's that hunt which has brought her into a popular San Fernando Valley adult bookstore. She's on the prowl for random BBC, and her reason is simple: Stella's boyfriend ignores her.I know you might not believe that, but it's true. He doesn't fuck Stella's cunt enough, and when he does, Stella's almost always left unsatisfied. Don't get me wrong -- Stella's not looking for a new boyfriend. She'll keep the one she's got, but every once in a while, Stella will look for random hook-ups, and the less she knows about the guy she's hooking up with, the better Stella likes it. She doesn't want to know names, or phone numbers, or make plans for the future. What does Stella want in a hook up? Size and color! The bigger and blacker the better. But you already knew that.
May 29th - CuckoldSessions.com
Gina Gerson
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Gina Gerson - Rating: 7.30
If you're following Isiah and JonJon's excellent adventures in Budapest, you'll know they've already checked in to their Budapest vacation rental, and now they're out to meet the man who runs one of Europe's biggest sex clubs. It was one of the reasons they came here in the first place! The Sex Club hired our two Black Bulls to mingle (and partake) in the club's "activities". There's only one issue: the $10,000 they were to be paid for their appearance fee was in the local currency, Hungarian forints, and not US dollars, as JonJon and Isiah expected. Worse yet, $10,000 forints is a little less than $40 dollars, so you know there's gonna be conflict...until the owner's mail-order, Russian wife makes her appearance. Her name is Gina Gerson, and this little freak is going to make all her holes available, as she loves Black Bulls almost as much as Hubby loves to watch her get banged out! Wait until you see Isiah's massive pop shot deep into Gina's tiny asshole!!
May 24th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Anina Silk & Diya Noir
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Anina Silk & Diya Noir - Rating: 9.48
It's couples night at the bowling alley, and our two Bulls -- JonJon and Isiah -- have managed to meet these two little barely-legals Euro Sluts in Budapest's city center just hours earlier. The brunette is a Hungarian named Anina Silk, and the blonde is a Russian named Diya Noir. Both know "chocolate men" are rare in this part of the world, so both are very excited to be able to hang out anywhere with them. While public sex isn't the norm in Budapest, it won't land you in jail or prison...that's for sure! With two horny black cock sluts and a really slow night at the bowling lanes, do I really have to tell you what's about to go down? Both girls love to be pounded, and our Russian -- Diya -- only wants it in the ass, cause that's how Russian girls roll! The highlight of today's adventure? Watch our Bulls fuck Diya's tight ass then immediately use Anina's mouth to clean their oversized dongs.
May 23rd - GloryHole.com
Adriana Chechik
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Adriana Chechik - Rating: 9.55
Adriana Chechik takes pride in being the "dirtiest girl in porn", and after you witness her trip to the "the 'hole", you're going to agree. This is one slutty slut. A true slut. One of the best. Adriana became aware of the adult arcade we discovered through some of her girlfriends, all of which have the same desire to experience real, true, anonymous sex. It's that simple. Once inside the arcade, she wanders a bit, taking in all the sleaze and filth that is an adult bookstore arcade. Once inside the "cruisy" booth, it's on. Watch Adriana finger fuck both her slutty holes before an XXXL, uncut black dong pops through the hole. From there, it's a free for all: agressive cocksucking, fucking, anal, tasting her ass off the cock, and multiple, gushing orgasms. Gushing! What's best about this scene? Too tough to call!!
May 17th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Kerry Raven
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Kerry Raven - Rating: 9.50
It's a beautiful day in Budapest, and the two-man team representing Dogfart -- Isiah Maxwell and JonJon -- are checking in to their accommodations. It's a beautiful house outside of the city center, and what's even more beautiful is their hostess, Kerry Raven. Once Kerry gives them a brief tour of their new digs in Budapest, it's off to the sofa to get to know each other, and of course for our Bulls to ask about the Hungarian women. Before you know it, they're feeling up Kerry, who doesn't seem to mind at all. She's an expert cocksucker who attempts to deep throat both BBC's before moving on to sex. All holes are open today, and both Isiah and JonJon take turns on her sweet Euro cunt and tight ass before they double-stuff Kerry! After they coat their new hostess, it's on to the city to explore all that Budapest has to offer!
May 10th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Britney Amber
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Britney Amber - Rating: 9.50
Britney Amber is a slut for the black man. If you were to ask her why, she might say something like, "black men know how to fuck better" or "the black man has swag", and, of course, size does matter. It matters so much white ladies across the world are performing taboo sex acts with black men, which make them orgasm much harder. Just look what happens today. What starts out as an innocent sunbathing session for Britney turns into a wild gang bang featuring double penetration! Britney is what we call "air tight" -- BBC stuffing her mouth, cunt, and ass all at the same time. When it's time for the crew to unload, Britney brings out a plate from her own kitchen in an attempt to catch the loads before she plays with it and then pours it down the hatch!
May 7th - ZebraGirls.com
Stella Cox and Nadia Jay
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Stella Cox and Nadia Jay - Rating: 8.01
Stella Cox has been travelling throughout America, and today she's departing from the house she's been at for the last couple weeks. She found it on one of those internet sites that hooks up people with rooms and people looking for them. She stayed with a lovely lady named Nadia Jay, and they've grown close. As a matter of fact, Nadia hooked Stella up with one of her male friends -- a good looking, well-hung black bull -- even though Stella has a boyfriend back in Europe! And today, just as Stella's about to make her way to the airport, Nadia has one last thing to show her. Stella's embarrassed; she think she's getting a gift, and she didn't have anything for Nadia. Turns out Nadia's about to show Stella her sex toy collection, and then seduce Stella. Nadia's plan goes off without a hitch! Both girls enjoy more than one orgasm before Stella's final farewell!
May 3rd - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Jasmine Jae and Lexi Lowe
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Jasmine Jae and Lexi Lowe - Rating: 9.53
They say the sluts from the United Kingdom are the filthiest in the world, and after you watch this scene, you'll agree. Lexi Lowe (Wales) and Jasmine Jae (England) are real-life "besties". When they're in sunny Southern California, they love to lay by the pool and suntan. They also share an addiction to BBC -- big, black cock. The bigger the better. You're about to watch them take on The King of BBC -- Mandingo. They're give up all three holes to world's largest cock, taking turns with him, tasting both their cunt and ass juice off his 13-inch ebony shaft. In the end, Dingo drops a mighty load right into their eager, open mouths...and that's when the cum swapping begins!
May 1st - CuckoldSessions.com
Kate England
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Kate England - Rating: 7.79
No one likes a snitch, which is why Isiah and Rico are paying Nathan a visit. They used to be a crew, with Nathan leaving that life behind him when he met his beautiful, blonde girlfriend Kate England. Even though Nathan denies the accusation, Isiah and Rico aren't buying it. As they're kicking his ass, Kate pulls in from work. She wants to call the cops, but Nathan tells her no. Nathan has a confession. It's time to tell Kate of his past. And no matter how much money Kate and Nathan offer, the black guys aren't leaving. Kate offers up her mouth, and the Black Bulls counter with taking Kate to the bedroom -- the same bedroom where Nathan and Kate make love -- where they'll take Kate's other two holes. Why does Nathan find himself aroused as the Black Bulls have their way with his lady? As Kate is being taken, she tells the Bulls she's off birth control and trying to have a baby with Nathan. Their reply? A double cream pie, planted deep in her fertile womb. The only thing better? Kate's confession to Nathan as she's getting railed!!!
Apr 17th - CuckoldSessions.com
Lexi Lowe
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Lexi Lowe - Rating: 7.28
It's tax season, and we all know what that means. Time to visit your bookkeepers and accountant. This is where we first see Mandingo, working on his 2015 tax return with his accountant. Which is when Lexi Lowe -- the accountant's fiance -- walks in the room. She wants to be helpful. Maybe bring Mandingo some water. When she returns with his water -- clad only in sexy lingerie -- Dingo knows what's up. It's a cuckold couple; and, addition to tax advice, his accountant is offering up his beautiful bride to be. Despite the size of his massive cock, Lexi will offer up all three of her willing holes in order to fully satisfy her black lover. Mandingo rewards Lexi will a bellyful of jizz, and her man rewards her slutty behavior with a load all over Lexi's big tits.
Apr 12th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
Marica Hase
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Marica Hase - Rating: 9.53
As you know from his day with Alexa Tomas, Mandingo is entering the world of International Business, and he's trying to master as many languages as he can. Today, it's his Japanese lesson, and his tutor -- Marica Hase -- is working with Dingo on basic vocabulary. Soon that turns to working on what might be the largest cock in the world. Watch as tiny Marica legitimately chokes and gags on 13 inches of black meat before having her other two holes stretched wide open. Dingo's BBC barely fits in either hole, no matter how hard he tries to make it fit! Marica even brought her vibrator to the lesson today -- anticipating that big dick stuffed in her ass -- in order to alleviate the pain...pain that turns to pleasure...that turns to Dingo dropping a thick, creamy load right down her throat.
Apr 11th - GloryHole.com
Lexi Lowe
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Lexi Lowe - Rating: 9.55
Lexi Lowe is engaged to be married soon, but you'd never know it. Just take a look at this cheating slut! She's on the phone with her fiance while browsing a sex shop! She pulls a large, black dildo off the wall to purchase when something piques her interest: an "arcade" section at the back of the store. Of course Lexi inquires about the viewing booths and gets all the information she needs before strolling back. Once inside, her dildo play is interrupted by something better: a large, anonymous black cock through one of the holes! Watch this blonde BCS devour that cock before shoving it in both her cunt and ass and swallowing a large load. Remember, what your boyfriend doesn't know won't hurt him!
Apr 5th - BlacksOnBlondes.com
AJ Applegate
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AJ Applegate - Rating: 9.51
BCSPP. Remember that acronym, as you'll probably be seeing more. AJ Applegate is about to throw a black cock slut pool party. As you can see, there's six of her most well-hung friends...and her. That's how these girls throw their pool parties. Invite a bunch of bulls over, throw on a micro-kini (way skimpier than a bikini), and then just kinda see "what goes down". As this scene opens, AJ's BCSPP has been ruined by rain. Rain happens so infrequently in Porn Valley that AJ is stunned. Why not turn this into a gangbang? With all three holes open? Whether they were by the pool or in the front room, it would have came to that anyway! And what a mess AJ is after this is all said and done. Jizz oozes from her pink cunt and down her face as the fellahs high-five their way outta there!
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The following first appeared on 21February in the World Bank blog space, People, Spaces, Deliberation (http://blogs.worldbank.org/publicsphere/limits-institutional-reform-development-changing-rules-realistic-solutions-getting-stuff-done)
The Limits of Institutional Reform in Development - Changing Rules for Realistic Solutions: Getting Stuff Done
There is a silent struggle going regarding how you do governance reforms in development. It is between the prevailing tendency and a small but growing band of practitioners saying things need to be done differently. The prevailing tendency is the packaging of experts-devised best practice packages that we take from country to country…model anti-corruption laws, model designs for the civil service, procurement systems, and financial management systems and so on. Our highly trained experts are invested in their solutions, and the modern global system has a growing array of policy networks on every issue under the sun, and they amass and disseminate norms of ideal practice. So, donors and their experts move from one country to another, offering money, loans, and these packages. So, how are things working out? Not very well is the answer. To use an Americanism; we are not getting stuff done that much when it comes to governance reforms, whatever the sector. Isn't it high time we changed our ways?
If you are in any doubt about any of this and if you want to learn about how we might get more stuff done, you need to read as carefully and as avidly as you can an important new book on the subject: The Limits of Institutional Reform in Development – Changing Rules for Realistic Solutions. The author is Matt Andrews. He is an Associate Professor at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. This is the kind of book that might turn out to be seminal if enough practitioners pay attention to it. For what he does is to review evidence from interventions from around the world in order to show beyond reasonable doubt that reforms exhibiting best practice bias have a dismal record, and many developing country governments have figured out how to manipulate international aid agencies. There are some truly hilarious stories about how they do this in the book. And donors keep falling for the tricks because of the nature of their own incentive structures. The book is filled with case studies from around the world. When you read the book please look for my favorite story: the two budgets trick (p. 119).
Andrews' thesis, in my opinion, is summed up in the title of Chapter 4 of the book: Reforms are overspecified, solutions are oversimplified. That says it all. Reforms are overspecified because for every area of reform we have our prepackaged solutions…in detail. Solutions are oversimplified because donor agencies are not really keen on taking on the complexities of the specific context: the rules of the game, the disposition of interest groups, the state of local politics and so on. Too difficult; takes too long. We look for a local 'champion', launch the reform and hope for the best. When the desired change is not achieved or sustained we blame the natives, blame the realities on the ground in our evaluation reports, shrug our shoulders and move on. What Andrews does is analyze these widespread failures frankly and elegantly. I say elegantly because the diagrams in this book are brilliant; you will find your own favorites when you read the book.
But The Limits of Institutional Reform in Development does not encourage despair; rather the opposite. Andrews discusses in detail the minority of cases where reforms happened on the ground and were sustained; in other words, cases in which stuff got done. But before we sum up what unites these instances, let's discuss three aspects of the book that I like the most.
The first is the astute deployment of insights from the new institutionalists of political science and related social sciences. The book contains a rich discussion of complex institutional structures in different societies and how they shape the behavior of actors/agents. It also shows – not through mere theory but field research – how institutions change and under what conditions new ones take root. Andrews demonstrates that many of the reforms we seek in developing countries can only succeed when the rules of the game change but we are often too impatient or indifferent to really focus on this vital process.
The second aspect of the book that I really like is the push for a problem-driven rather than a solution-driven approach to reforms. This is something communication specialists know and have been saying. You go to a country as a donor and you say there is a problem to be fixed. Well, as I like to ask, who says there is a problem? If those whose country it is do not see a problem, or they do not define the problem the way you do, well, we have a problem, don't we? For, problem recognition and problem definition form the basis of mobilizing action and building support for a shared solution. These are crucial communicative processes.
Which brings me to the third aspect of the book that I really appreciate: Andrews' insistence, backed by his case studies, that what fosters change is multi-agent or broad leadership…not the lone champion. As the reform process unfolds, these multiple agents provide multiple functions: there are conveners, there are connectors, and there are motivators and so on. There are elegant charts in Chapter 9 breaking all this down from real cases. There is a lot of trade craft to be gleaned from these pages.
To sum up, what do successful reforms have in common as Andrews tells it? They have the following in common:
- They respond to context, especially the underlying rules of the game;
- They focus on the problem be solved, a sense of which those whose country it is share;
- They have multiagent leadership, not merely lone champions; and
- They experiment and adapt, and are often incremental in their approach.
Andrews is a scholar-technocrat, so he has his own jargon for all this: problem-driven iterative adaption (PDIA). Professors seem to need these things.
Great book and a massive contribution. I urge you to get to know it and its riches.

subset: commoncrawl


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These recipes were requested by TheFurFiles. I hope you and your family enjoy them as much as mine does! I'm taking a break from baking until Thanksgiving when my son, DIL, and sister wife are in town.
News Flash…I'm losing my best buddy. The captain's leaving tomorrow for about 7 weeks. I know it's crazy, but that's the way it is. One day he's here, and one day he's not. Right now I'm in shock. We knew it would happen eventually–the call would come–but neither of us was expecting it so soon. He hasn't even been home a full month. Oh well, I'm a glass half full kind of gal so I won't be too upset. It's watching him pack that's making me sad right now!
Black Bean Brownies
- 1 can or 3/4 cup cooked black beans
- 1/2 cup vegetable oil, or olive oil (I always use a bit less)
- 2 eggs
- 1/4 cup unsweetened cocoa powder
- 2/3 cup sugar ( I've tried brown sugar and I've tried agave, not sure what's better, kind of a personal taste thing)
- 1 teaspoon instant coffee or espresso
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 1/2 cup mini chocolate chips, divided
- 1/3 cup flour
- 1/2 teaspoon baking powder
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Grease a 9 by 9-inch square baking pan. In a blender, puree the beans with the oil. Add the eggs, cocoa, sugar, coffee, and vanilla. Melt half the chocolate chips and add to the blender. Blend on medium-high until smooth. In a small bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, and salt. Add to the blender and pulse until just incorporated. Stir in the remaining chocolate. Pour into the prepared pan. Bake until the surface looks somewhat matte around the edges and still a bit shiny in the middle, about 20 minutes. Let cool at least 15 minutes before cutting and removing from the pan. My family thinks they taste better the longer you let them sit, so the beany texture dissipates.
Lentil Cookies (Alton Brown's version)
- 9 1/2 ounces whole-wheat pastry flour, approximately 2 cups*
- 1 teaspoon baking powder
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 1 1/2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
- 1/2 teaspoon ground allspice
- 8 ounces sugar, approximately 1 cup (1/2 white, 1/2 brown)
- 4 ounces unsalted butter, room temperature, approximately 1/2 cup***Sometimes I use half oil, half butter, or all oil. Depends on my mood and my pantry.
- 1 egg
- 2 teaspoons vanilla extract
- 1 1/2 cups lentil puree, recipe follows
- 3 1/2 ounces rolled oats, approximately 1 cup
- 4 ounces dried fruit, approximately 1 cup
- 2 1/4 ounces unsweetened dried shredded coconut, approximately 1 cup
Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F.
In a medium bowl, combine the flour, baking powder, salt, cinnamon and allspice. In the bowl of a stand-mixer with a whisk attachment, cream together the sugar and butter on medium speed. Add the egg and mix until just incorporated. Add the vanilla and lentil puree and mix until combined. Add the flour mixture and blend on low speed until just combined. Remove the bowl from the mixer and stir in the oats, dried fruit and coconut. Form the dough into balls about 2 teaspoons in size and place on a baking sheet with parchment paper, leaving about 1-inch of room in between. Bake for 15 to 17 minutes.
Lentil Puree:
- 4 ounces lentils, approximately 2/3 cup, picked over and rinsed
- 2 cups water
In a small pot over medium heat, combine the lentils and the water. Bring to a simmer, cover, and simmer for 30 to 40 minutes, or until lentils are tender. Remove from the heat and puree. If using immediately, let cool. The puree may be stored in the refrigerator for 3 to 4 days or in the freezer for 2 to 3 months. Yield: 1 1/2 cups lentil puree.


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Tales from Chatham Jewish Cemetery
There would appear to have been a couple of unusual burials at Chatham and, in one case, perhaps no burial at all.
In the middle of Jun 1786 Mr Levi Israel a silversmith in Chatham, and lease holder of the Synagogue, received a parcel sent to him from London. The parcel contained a small coffin with the body of a young male child aged between 7 to 10 days. The letter enclosed with the parcel asked that Mr Israel bury the child.
Sadly the Times article of Jun 26 1786 doesn't record the name on the letter and therefore there is no indication as to who the child's parents were, but we can imagine that they were from Chatham and perhaps travelling to London.
The article does however confirm that the baby was buried in Chatham cemetery by Mr Israel in the presence of a Constable.
According to records held by Medway City Ark, Levi Israel died between 1794 and 1808 and therefore would not have been alive at the time of the Abraham Abrahams affair. Had he been, I wonder if the decision would have been the same?"
It is said that, following his execution in August 1819, Abraham Abrahams was buried at Chatham cemetery. In the transcriptions of the legible tombstones at Chatham there was one Abraham Abrahams buried in 1800 aged 60 years, so obviously not the same person.
A search of the Times for 1819 brought up one quite detailed account of the execution of Abraham Abrahams. He, along with others, including Judah and Joseph Solomons were indicted as accessories before the fact in a burglary at Sheerness on 30th Jan. They were all being held at New-Gaol, Maidstone when the sentences for Judah and Joseph were commuted to transportation (transported 8th Oct on the Prince Regent). The sentence was reported as being the result of the evidence of the principal witness, Abraham Buckee, and 'corroborated by a long chain of 'circumstantial evidence'. Buckee, who turned King's evidence, received the Royal Pardon for his part in the burglary.
Joseph Solomons was Abraham Abrahams father-in-law and had brought him up from a child. He was allowed to meet with Abrahams at 6am on the morning of his execution but refusal was given for a minyan to meet and pray with the condemned man the previous night.
When Abraham's body was released it was placed in a coffin, with the intention of it being taken to Chatham for burial the same day. However, a letter was received from Dr Hyam of Chatham, stating that the body should be taken to Sheerness and not to Chatham. The hearse and attendants seem to have ignored this and made their way to Chatham but were refused entry on arrival. The result being that the coffin was eventually conveyed by water to Sheerness and interred there the next day.
The story of the trial and execution of Abraham Abrahams has been extensively covered in the book by Jeremy I. Pfeffer "From one End of the Earth to the other: The London Bet Din 1805-1855 and the Jewish Convicts transported to Australia: Sussex Academic Press.


text:
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Choosing the best retinol product for your skin concernsRead now
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|Powered by Cell Signaling Technology
|Site Information
|EMREyIVkEyRNQFP SwissProt Entrez-Gene
|Blast this site against: NCBI SwissProt PDB
|Site Group ID: 41489905
|In vivo Characterization
|Methods used to characterize site in vivo:
|Relevant cell line - cell type - tissue:
Jurkat (T lymphocyte) ( 1 , 2 )
Mertins P, et al. (2013) Integrated proteomic analysis of post-translational modifications by serial enrichment. Nat Methods 10, 634-7
23749302 Curated Info
Udeshi ND, et al. (2013) Refined preparation and use of anti-diglycine remnant (K-ε-GG) antibody enables routine quantification of 10,000s of ubiquitination sites in single proteomics experiments. Mol Cell Proteomics 12, 825-31
23266961 Curated Info


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Well, thank goodness we're taking the issue seriously. It's difficult to conceive of a sillier proposal than the trillion-dollar platinum coin, but it's not as if some people aren't working hard at it. National Journal reports that a new suggestion involves government scrip — IOUs, in other words:
The $1 trillion platinum coin seems too wacky; the 14th amendment too risky. But could IOU's be the solution to an impasse on raising the nation's borrowing limit?
Yes, and President Obama should publicly adopt the idea, Edward Kleinbard, a University of Southern California law professor and former chief of staff to Congress's Joint Committee on Taxation, argues in a Thursday New York Times op-ed. If lawmakers can't reach an agreement before the nation hits its debt ceiling–which could happen as soon as next month–then Obama should have a backup plan of issuing IOU's in place, Kleinbard argues.
"[Obama] should threaten to issue scrip—'registered warrants'—to existing claims holders (other than those who own actual government debt) in lieu of money. Recipients of these I.O.U.'s could include federal employees, defense contractors, Medicare service providers, Social Security recipients and others."
Kleinbard is hardly the first to propose the idea. Slate's Matt Yglesias suggested it in early December. And New York Times Op-Ed columnist and Nobel Prize winner Paul Krugman argued for such IOU's on Monday, though he called them "Moral Obligation Coupons." In Krugman and Kleinbard, the idea has found two prominent proponents.
Tagging Yglesias on this might be a little unfair. He mentioned it as an option in December, but argued that the platinum-coin trick was a better path, which he continued to do on Twitter today:
James Joyner at OTB asked a good question, however:
.@mattyglesias Isn't our entire monetary system essentially a series of IOUs? It's legal tender because it's accepted.
— James Joyner (@DrJJoyner) January 10, 2013
The IOU approach has more of a precedent, although not necessarily one that commends it. California began issuing IOUs in 2009 in response to what is really the same problem — politicians not being able to deal with the reality of spending a lot more money than what comes in. The distribution of the IOUs wasn't exactly an egalitarian model, either:
|People who get California IOUs
|People California pays in cash
|Grants to aged, blind or disabled persons
|University of California
|People needing temporary assistance for basic family needs
|Public Employees' Retirement System
|People in drug prevention, treatment, and recovery services
|Legislators, legislative employees, and appointees
|Persons with developmental disablities
|People in mental health treatment
|Department of Corrections
|Small Business Vendors
|Health Care Services payments to Institutional Providers
The IOUs stopped when the California legislature passed one of its series of budget compromises that wildly overestimated revenues while increasing spending. Each of the next three years, the state ended up having to revisit the same problem, without addressing the underlying cause — excessive spending and liabilities, especially in its pension obligations.
The argument for IOUs is that people will feel secure in the fact that they'll eventually get paid. Well, that may make the people issuing the IOUs feel good, but unless those payments come almost immediately to contractors who receive them, it's going to be a disaster. They can't pay their own vendors or employees in IOUs, and if the debate drags on for any length of time, these contractors may end up closing their doors or furloughing personnel — especially if the distribution resembles California's.
Maybe we should start addressing the actual problem, which is that the Obama administration is on track to spend a trillion or more dollars more than it receives for the fifth straight year. We just gave Obama the tax hike he wanted, and which he promised would solve a large part of the problem. How about working on the spending side now, and eliminate the need for coin tricks or federal scrip?
Addendum: Speaking of coin tricks, Gabriel Malor has a lengthy post at AOSHQ that looks at the legality, constitutionality, and advisability of the option. Read it all, but here's his conclusion:
The final question is probably the easiest: no, it's not a good idea.
Some economists, Paul Krugman foremost among them, insist it will not lead to debilitating inflation because QE 1, 2, and 3 didn't lead to bad inflation. That's not so much a guiding economic principle, but an admission that they're not sure what's happening, but it hasn't been that bad yet. But there's more to consider than just inflation.
Pulling a platinum coin out of thin air is likely to lead to a credit rating downgrade whether we continue to pay our creditors or not because it signals a serious problem with U.S. government finances. It also sets a terrible precedent. And, of course, the very point of the platinum coin trick is to push our day of reckoning further into the future when we're going to be less likely to deal successfully with our spending problem.
Megan McArdle had a particularly noteworthy rant about the merits of the platinum coin trick yesterday. I encourage you to read it.
In short, the platinum coin trick an unnecessary idea and a bad one, but it is not, as some have argued, unconstitutional or illegal.
These are all reality-avoidance tricks. Reality will not be evaded that easily.


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Poetry Out Loud tests students' mettle
According to the Book of Lists, fear of snakes, height and even death do not rate as #1 for Americans. That distinction belongs to ... the fear of public speaking.
The Walker Auditorium at Dover High School became a workshop for those fears as 21 teenagers recently participated in the fourth annual Poetry Out Loud competition.
Annually, the New Hampshire State Council on the Arts sponsors the program throughout the Granite State as individual high school classes, then the schools themselves, regions and the state itself hold contests, with the winners traveling to Washington D.C. for the national championships.
"This is the fourth year we have participated," explained organizer Dover High English teacher Marcia Goodnow, every year it gets better, these kids are so brave and talented."
Prior to the start of the competition the large, talented Dover High School Jazz Band entertained and during the intermission, several members of the group performed in duos and trios. The band was conducted by Michele Boulanger, long-time head of the DHS music program.
The students sat side by side on the stage, facing an auditorium filled with their peers and proceeded to recite a piece of poetry from memory. Teens can be cruel to each other, but not this day, as they sat rapt while each of their schoolmates braved the mostly self- imposed pressure.
Prior to and subsequent to each reading cheers could be heard, but during the recitations, a natural silence settled over the large group of teens. "I can't imagine how anyone could do that," said freshman Alex Chase, "if it was me up there, I probably wouldn't remember a thing."
Some presentations were short, only a few lines, while others spanned a bit of time, such as freshman Nolan Greig's interpretation of Tennyson's "The Charge of the Light Brigade." Other student's presentations included works by Sara Teasdale and Ralph Waldo Emerson.
As the 21 recited and gesticulated, a panel of five judges from the school department and the public graded each of them in a number of categories. "Be tough on them," advised Goodnow to the judges.
"Difficult," said judge Rev. Maren Tirabassi, author and former Poet Laureate of Portsmouth as the competition was taking place. After the judging was completed, Rev. Tirabassi lyrically described the actions of the students as "a tapestry of words performed with sensitivity and enthusiasm."
After the competitors were winnowed to less than half, the tension rose in the hall as each had one more opportunity to impress the judges. Some stumbled before the hushed audience, yet received a massive applause for the courage they showed.
Goodnow took the stage and announced third place for Shaelyn Frost, second place Mathew Palczynski, and the winner, to represent Dover High School in the regional event was Courtney Couillard.
Couillard, a senior, is bound for Barnard College next year with a plan to major in communications with an eye toward political commentary.
"I'd love to do something like Jon Stewart does," said Couillard whose presentations were veritably flawless. "I have done a little bit in front of people before," said the smiling 4.3 GPA student, "but when the auditorium began filling up it started to be knee knocking time." She gave credit to her mother saying "I couldn't have done it without her."
Several fellow students who were in the audience and have had much experience in front of audiences had similar reactions to the day.
B.U. bound Fran Graff of Barrington, an athlete, band member and performer in the award winning Dover Winter Guard said, "I saw some people come out of their shells today, I have great admiration for them."
Abby Martinen, who recently received a national award for public participation and speaking on behalf of anti -drug programs throughout the country, said "it was amazing to see and listen to people, who you may have never heard speak, express themselves through the poems they performed."
Said Zoe Kay, long time thespian at Dover High School and the day's Mistress of Ceremonies, "there were a bunch of new kids this year, it takes guts to put yourself out there the way they did. It was jawdropping."


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Some populist rhetoric (and action), while reassuring Wall Street
Over the last couple weeks, President Obama seemed to find the pro-worker, populist footing that marked his presidential campaign. It took an agonizingly long time, after stumbling through an extended period of alienating his base. But we saw a string of encouraging developments that might get potential Democratic voters fired up for the Nov. 2 mid-terms:
- Obama finally gave his base something to cheer about with his fiery Labor Day address in Milwaukee after a long, demoralizing period of capitulation to Establishment forces, as outlined in painful detail by Frank Rich, Bob Herbert, and Cenk Uygar.
- Obama followed that up with some tough talk in Ohio about the John Boehner and the Republicans' politics of utter obstructionism and their desire to return to the days of George W. Bush economics.
- Then Obama got Elizabeth Warren, the tenacious and articulate advocate for working people and consumers, on board as a White House advisor working with the new Consumer Protection Agency.
- To top things off, we were treated to the announced exit of Wall Street loyalist Lawrence Summers, an architect of Wall Street's disastrous de-regulation, a champion of corporate globalization, and opponent of stronger stimulus plans for the economy, who is properly skewered by Laura Flanders.
But don't get too enthused just yet — it isn't yet time to uncork the champagne:
- Summers' replacement may not be much better, Flanders notes. The Washington Post reports that the White House is considering trying to "blunt criticism" that they have been "anti-business."
- Then, for the key economic post director of the Office of Management and Budget, Obama named another Wall Streeter, Jacob Lew. Lew is known for receiving a $950,000 bonus from Citigroup and assisting in the Clinton administration's de-regulation of Wall Street banking.
But it gets worse. During his confirmation hearing before the Senate Budget Committee, Sen. Bernie Sanders asked him whether he believed that the "deregulation of Wall Street, pushed by people like Alan Greenspan [and] Robert Rubin, contributed significantly to the disaster we saw on Wall Street":
Lew replied:
[T]he problems in the financial industry preceded deregulation, [and he didn't] personally know the extent to which deregulation drove it, but I don't believe that deregulation was the proximate cause.
Sanders quickly announced his opposition to Lew's appointment and the "failed policies" he represents.
Given the barely-breathing condition of the economy and all of Obama's fierce campaign trail rhetoric about the devastation to workers and communities caused by "free trade" deals, working people have the right to expect that Obama would be denouncing the continuing flight of U.S. jobs overseas.
But Obama is unfortunately staying low-key on this issue even though it's a real opportunity to draw a line showing fundamental distinctions between Democrats and Republicans. In fact, it looks like he's not pushing a "keep jobs in America" message precisely because it would clarify the distinction in the eyes of Corporate America.
While purportedly outlining their program for jobs and the economy, the Republicans' much-vaunted "Pledge to America" released Thursday managed to avoid a single mention of "trade," "free trade," or "globalization. "
That should tell you that the GOP, dim as it often seems, recognizes that with so many Americans opposed to the off-shoring of U.S. jobs, it would be a bad idea to loudly advocate "free trade" right now. Nearly-three fourths – 74%– of self-described Tea Party supporters would support a "national manufacturing strategy to make sure that economic, tax, labor, and trade policies in this country work together to help support manufacturing in the United States," according to a 2010 poll conducted by the Mellman Group and the Alliance for American Manufacturing.
Obama is apparently not much more eager than Republicans to discuss his position on the off-shoring of jobs. During his term, he has given plenty of signs that he has backed away from his fierce campaign-season opposition to NAFTA-style "free trade" deals and is quietly moving toward three new "free trade" agreements," as I pointed out here and here and here.
Earlier this month, Public Citizen unveiled a study refuting the conventional wisdom among corporate, political and media elites that "free trade" deals increase exports. The organization provided a calculation of the devastation that the free trade agreements caused in the U.S.: 4.9 million jobs lost, and 43,000 factories closed.
Yet President Obama is still tinkering with the idea of promoting three trade agreements left-over from the George W. Bush administration — with Colombia, Peru and South Korea.
It's already September 24. Nov. 2 is quickly approaching. When will the president finally get the picture that it's horrendous policy and even worse politics to stick with an economic strategy that hurts his (former?) supporters most?


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04/11/2016 Unique trade fair experience at Liebherr at Bauma 2016: "Be Part of Something Bigger"
- The 14,000 m² exhibition stand in the outdoor area exhibits over 60 construction machines, including 20 global premieres
- Latest developments in drive and control technology in Hall A4, Stand 213, including five global premières
- Special highlights at the "Liebherr Plaza" in front of the outdoor pavilion
At Bauma 2016 the Liebherr Group presents itself under the motto "Be Part of Something Bigger". A special type of trade fair experience is reflected here. On an exhibition area of over 14,000m², more than 60 construction machines, as well as a variety of other attractions, await visitors from all over the world.
At Bauma 2016 from 11 - 17 April, Liebherr will once again present numerous product innovations and further developments from all areas of the extensive portfolio of construction machines, mobile and crawler cranes, material handling technology, mining, as well as components.
Liebherr presents over 60 construction machine exhibits in the outdoor area (Stand 809-813), including 20 global premieres. In the area of cranes, the exhibits include the 8-axle mobile crane LTM 1450-8.1, the crawler crane LR 1100 and the high-strength fibre rope for hoisting applications. Some of the global innovations for earthmoving include in particular the new wheel loader from the middle series and new crawler tractors. The material handler LH 26 is showcased at Bauma 2016 for the first time with an electric drive.
In Hall A4 (Stand 213), Liebherr presents the latest developments from the areas of mechanical, hydraulic and electric drive and control technology. This special stand for components also offers global premieres - including the in-house developed energy storage system "Liduro" and the Liebherr SCRFilter as an exhaust gas treatment system for stage V diesel engines.
The "Liebherr Plaza" in front of the large pavilion in the outdoor area is once again reserved for particularly impressive product highlights. There the visitor sees more global premieres: The material handler LH 110 C HR is designed for loads up to 10 tonnes with a reach of 20 m. The LRH 600 piling rig with the new hydraulic free-fall hammer H10L is an impressive large machine for the world of special civil engineering. The 200-tonne crawler excavator R 9200 and the 70-tonne crawler tractor PR 776 are also unveiled to the public here for the first time. Also in 2016 the large machine parade at the Liebherr Plaza is again rounded off by a Liebherr large mining truck: Similar to 2013, the T 264 is a very special show-stopper for Bauma visitors and offers an ideal selfie background with its 3.6 m high tyres.
"Be Part of Something Bigger": Guiding principle for campaigns at the Liebherr stand
Numerous events accompany the trade fair appearance of the Liebherr Group at Bauma 2016: On Tuesday, 12 April, there is a match between the German and Austrian national table tennis teams who are sponsored by Liebherr. The venue for the competition is special: The 130m³ pit of the T 264 mining truck. The "Match in the Pit" is transmitted live on screens at the outdoor stand.
All visitors to the exhibition stand have the option to leave their individual feedback on their stand visit as part of the "Post-it campaign". A new overall motif in the form of a Liebherr machine is created from the experiences noted on the stickers on each Bauma day.
With a selfie posting campaign visitors can report that they visited the Liebherr stand at Bauma and in this sense have become "Part of Something Bigger". Corresponding selfies must only be posted on Instagram, Twitter or Facebook using the hashtag #LiebherrBauma. The feeds are displayed within the framework of a social wall on three large LED screens at the exhibition stand, as well as on www.liebherr-bauma.com.
Each day the Bauma microsite of Liebherr offers an up-to-date video magazine with the daily highlights, in addition to a variety of information on the exhibits. The Bauma app from Liebherr, which is available for Android, iOS and Windows operating systems, provides additional digital support for the trade fair visitors.


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Book flights to Seychelles
The 115 granite and coral islands that make up the Seychelles archipelago sit serenely in the Indian Ocean and have become a most coveted destination for luxury travel. Book a flight to the Seychelles with Qatar Airways and soak up in the sun, enjoy amazing scenery, and know for yourself why this location is ideal for a luxurious and exclusive holiday.
The natural attributes of these breathtakingly beautiful islands are their biggest draw as far as tourists are concerned. The glossy brochure covers are a true reflection of the Seychelles' fine sandy beaches, inland jungles bordered by date palms, clear blue waters and sheer granite cliffs. They're the setting for fashion-shoots and dream vacations, and very much at the upper end of the tourism market.
Several fragile tropical habitats are represented in the Seychelles, and these are some of the best preserved of their kind on the planet. The islands are fondly known as the 'Galapagos of the Indian Ocean' because of their relative remoteness and volcanic origins. Because no man or woman has ever settled here, their ecosystems were never disrupted and they continue to be a sanctuary for rare birds, mammals and giant tortoises.
Arab traders were probably the first to pass through the Seychelles, followed by the Portuguese and then inevitably by the English in the early 1600s. The islands were a notorious base for pirates in the 1700s before the French took charge and gave them their present name. You can still see their original 'Stone of Possession' in the excellent ethnographic museum in Mahe. Britain later gained control of the Seychelles from the French during the Napoleonic Wars, and the islands finally achieved independence from foreign interference in 1976.
Among the many things to do in the Seychelles, visitors enjoy the old Creole culture and French colonial mansions, as well as the immaculate beaches and jungles of these true paradise islands.
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It is worth planning ahead to pick the right time to travel, as the price can vary depending on when you want to fly. Booking online at qatarairways.com means you can take advantage of exclusive fares and special offers on flights and take full control of your trip from beginning to end.
Flights departing from other cities will stop in transit at the state-of-the-art Hamad International Airport in Doha, Qatar. The airport is home to a myriad of entertainment, shopping and relaxation venues where you can take a break from your journey, stretch your legs and rejuvenate before your connecting flight. You can check our timetable (link to timetable) for flight times and frequency.
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K-12 th Grade
Seat Belt Safety/Bicycle Safety
216.623.5080 - Weekdays 8 am to 5 pm
Police Officers present a video of crash-test dummies "Vince and Larry" to teach third grade students about the importance of wearing seat belts and bicycle helmets.
Cleveland Transformation Alliance
216.592.2303 – Weekdays 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. – website
The Cleveland Transformation Alliance (CTA) is a non-profit organization created by the Cleveland Plan. CTA provides information, data, and support to families considering their K-12 public school choices, including Cleveland Metropolitan School District and tuition-free charter schools. Cleveland's Mayor chairs CTA's Board of Directors.
Drug Abuse Resistance Education: D.A.R.E.
216.623.3328 - Weekdays 8 am to 5 pm - website
This program, offered to 5 th graders, is presented by uniformed Police Officers in all CMSD and several parochial elementary schools. Approximately 1600 Cleveland children attend D.A.R.E. classes annually. This series of classroom lessons teaches children how to resist peer pressure and live productive drug and violence-free lives.
Fire Public Education Unit (Speaker's Bureau)
216.664.6386 - Weekdays 8 am to 5 pm - F: 216.664.6816 - 1645 Superior Ave.
Cleveland firefighters provide fire education speakers for schools, day care centers, senior centers, and employers and also appear at career days. In addition, firefighters with fire apparatus, including engines, hook & ladders and the Smoke House make appearances at community and school events. The 32 foot Smoke House is a mobile version of a home which uses non-toxic smoke and an alarm system to teach children how to escape a home fire.
Eddie Eagle Gun Safety Program
216.623.5080 - Weekdays 8 am to 5 pm
Cleveland Police Officers present a video and teach elementary school age students about the dangers of firearms and what to do if they find a gun.
216.664.6386 - Weekdays 8 am to 5 pm
The Division of Fire's Bureau of Public Education works directly with the public, teaching fire prevention and safety. The Bureau's Juvenile Fire Setters Program teaches and provides counsel to Cleveland youth who have incidences of setting fires- no matter how small.
Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.)
216.623.3330 - Weekdays 8 am to 5 pm - website
This program for 4th and 7th graders covers topics such as resisting peer pressure, resolving conflicts, and understanding the impact of gangs and gang violence.
GREAT is taught in all Cleveland Metropolitan Schools and several parochial middle schools, with approximately 1600 students attending classes annually.
216.664.3018 for Information Weekdays 8 am to 5 pm - For Handicap Accessibility Information call 216.664.2561 or call recreation center directly
Public Recreation Centers and Pools
Outdoor Public Pools
Learn to Swim Classes
Indoor Pools: The Division of Recreation operates 19 indoor pools for year-round swimming. Programs such as learn to swim, aquacise, water polo, water basketball and swim teams are available to Cleveland residents at no cost.
Outdoor Pools: From the second week of June through the second week of August, the Division of Recreation operates 22 outdoor community pools. Pools are open Wednesdays to Sundays from noon to 7:30 pm.
Participants must be at least 8 years old and 4 feet tall to swim. Adults must be with children not meeting these requirements at a ratio of 2:1. All lifeguards are American Red Cross certified, and a ratio of one lifeguard per every 40 swimmers is maintained.


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- Focus and Scope
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Focus and Scope
Progress in Applied Mathematics is an international mathematical journal, which is devoted to report the latest progress on all aspects of applied mathematics. The journal aims to provide a high-level forum for all applied mathematicians, computer scientists, physicists, statisticians, analysts, biologists and engineers over the world. The journal features articles on mathematical physics, statistics, mathematical biology, dynamical systems, financial mathematics, optimization, algorithms, numeric analysis, symbolic computation, etc.
Section Policies
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Peer Review Process
A. Purpose of Peer Review
Thank you for the effort and expertise that you contribute to reviewing, without which it would be impossible to maintain the high standards of peer-reviewed journals.
Peer review is a critical element of scholarly publication, and one of the major cornerstones of the scientific process. Peer Review serves two key functions:
1. Acts as a filter: Ensures research is properly verified before being published
2. Improves the quality of the research: rigorous review by other experts helps to hone key points and correct inadvertent errors
B. Types of peer review
There are, essentially, three varieties of peer review. Each type carries with it some clear advantages, as well as some disadvantages:
1. Single Blind Review
The names of the reviewers are hidden from the author. This is the traditional method of reviewing and is, by far, the most common type.
Reviewer anonymity allows for impartial decisions free from influence by the author.
Authors fear the risk that reviewers working in the same field may withhold submission of the review in order to delay publication, thereby giving the reviewer the opportunity to publish first.
Reviewers may use their anonymity as justification for being unnecessarily critical or harsh when commenting on the author's work.
2. Double Blind Review
Both the reviewer and the author remain anonymous.
Author anonymity prevents any reviewer bias based on, for example, an author's country of origin or previous controversial work.
Articles written by 'prestigious' or renowned authors are considered on the basis of the content of their papers, rather than on the author's reputation.
It is uncertain whether a paper can ever truly be 'blind' – especially in specialty 'niche' areas. Reviewers can often identify the author through the paper's style, subject matter or self-citation.
3. Open Review
Reviewer and author are known to each other.
Some scientists feel this is the best way to prevent malicious comments, stop plagiarism, prevent reviewers from drawing upon their own 'agenda' and encourage open, honest reviewing.
Others argue the opposite view. They see open review as a less honest process in which politeness or fear of retribution may cause a reviewer to withhold or tone down criticism. For example, junior reviewers may hesitate to criticize more esteemed authors for fear of damaging their prospects. Independent studies tend to support this.
Open Access Policy
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
This journal utilizes the LOCKSS system to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries and permits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration. More...
Journals of CSCanada are indexed or included and archived by databases from the following famous companies or organizations:
The journal archived in Library and Archives Canada (http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/index-e.html )
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CSCanada provides open access to works we publish on the principle of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Under this license, we require publishing rights from authors to publish and disseminate their research articles, while authors retain ownership of the copyright in their works. Thisallows anyone to download, print, distribute, reuse, modify and copy the content without requesting extra permission from the authors or the publishers only if appropriate credits are given to the original authors and source.


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Pam and Jim are everywhere! But, like... I'm Angela, so leave me alone?
A new survey from Career Builder proves that office romances are not only ubiquitous, but more successful (and public) than you might think.
38% of employees have dated a co-worker at one time.
How do these relationships begin? Surprisingly not most frequently at the Christmas party: 15% began when the two run into each other outside of work, 14% at happy hours, 9% at late nights in the office and only 7% at a holiday party or lunch.
31% of office romances have ended with marriage. (!)
__25% of employees have dated a superior and__13% have dated their boss.
And as it turns out, despite the long-standing rep of dating a co-worker being unprofessional,__ most employees who have had an office romance are cool with everyone else knowing about it. Only 30%__ say they kept their relationship clandestine.
Do these results surprise you? Ever dated someone you worked with? How'd it turn out?
More on office romance:
The Office's Mindy Kaling On Why You Need A Man, Not A Boy
The Office Romance Checklist: Should You or Shouldn't You?
5 Rules For The Office Holiday Party Hookup
Reader's Dilemma: Help! I Have A Crush On A Co-Worker!


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Open for comment until Nov 20, 2020
This consultation is no longer open. The survey below is provided for reference purposes only. You will not be able to interact with it.
S&P DJI makes responses to consultations freely available upon request with redacted individual and company names unless requested to be confidential. Do you wish for your response to remain confidential?*
Please be advised that all comments from this consultation will be reviewed and considered before a final decision is made; however, S&P DJI makes no guarantee nor is under any obligation to comply with any of the responses. The survey may result in no changes or outcome of any kind. If S&P DJI decides to change the index methodology, an announcement will be posted on our website.


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The premier historic attraction in Kent is probably Canterbury Cathedral, but there is lots more for visitors, from the wartime tunnels under Dover Castle to the moated castles at Hever and Leeds, and the Roman fortress at Reculver. Or, for some exercise, walk in the footsteps of Chaucer's pilgrims along the South Downs National Trail.
Please select your desired location from the map or the menu below, or use the search form to the right. You may also wish to consult the listings for nearby historic hotels listings in East Sussex to the west. For alternative accommodation, see our Kent self catering guide and for suggestions on what to see and do in the area, visit our Kent Travel Guide
Alternative accommodation: Bed and Breakfasts - Self Catering Cottages
ACCOMMODATION MAP - Featured Hotels - Location list


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Editor's Note: Julian Zelizer is a professor of history and public affairs at Princeton University. He is the author of "Jimmy Carter" and "Governing America."
Story highlights
Chris Christie chose not to appeal decision allowing same-sex marriage in New Jersey
Julian Zelizer: Gay rights movement was wise to focus on marriage issue
By marrying their cause to family values, they won over some in GOP, he says
Zelizer: Same-sex marriage is unlikely to be source of continuing conflict
New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie made headlines when he backed away from his opposition to same-sex marriage in New Jersey. Although he had initially indicated that he would challenge the recent court decision, Christie reversed course and announced that he would follow the law of his state.
Most pundits agreed that Christie's decision would enable him to expand his margin of victory in the upcoming gubernatorial election and improve his chances of emerging as the leading Republican presidential candidate for 2016.
Yet some commentators think this might cause objections to a Christie candidacy in the Republican primaries from social conservatives who remain firmly against same-sex marriage.
In their view, Christie is an outlier, a Republican courting centrist voters who is going against the grain of the party. "This would suit him a lot better if he were running as a Democrat," one Republican told The National Review.
But there is a strong likelihood that within a few years, Christie might not be as much of an anomaly as they think. The progress on same-sex marriage has been rapid.
While the Defense of Marriage Act defined marriage as only being between a man and woman, many states moved forward in allowing same-sex couples to enter into marriage or civil unions.
Prodded by Vice President Joe Biden, President Obama said in May 2012 that he supported the right of same-sex partners to enter into marriage. In June this year, the Supreme Court ruled that DOMA was unconstitutional and that fsame- sex couples had the right to federal benefits that were normally accorded to heterosexual married couples.
One of the most important reasons behind the success of this movement has been the decision to join the gay rights cause to a traditional family values issue promoted by the right: marriage. In recent decades, the gay rights movement has turned its attention away from issues of individual sexuality and liberation, and toward the right to marry. The civil right to enter into a partnership that conservatives have extolled for decades has been extremely important politically.
In the early 1960s, civil rights leaders like the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. won enormous support by connecting the cause of African-American freedom to traditional American values. In August 1963, during the famous March on Washington, King and others delivered their powerful speeches in front of the Lincoln Memorial, a reminder of how desegregation—and then voting rights—were a fulfillment of the American promise rather than a rejection of traditional values.
Unlike abortion after the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, there is much stronger potential for same-sex marriage to become incorporated into the national landscape and removed from mainstream political debate.
As the courts and states have moved forward at a rapid pace on this issue, the rest of the nation has not been far behind. Public polls have shown growing support for same-sex marriage throughout the country, including in "red areas" of the country.
Last March, a poll by ABC News and the Washington Post found that 52% of Republicans and independents who lean Republican under the age of 50 supported same-sex marriage and 81% of people under 30 were in favor. Those trends have only intensified in recent months.
We have also seen more frequent images of same-sex marriage in popular culture. In one of the most popular comedy shows of the past few years, "Modern Family," one of the three families that is followed in this pseudo-documentary is a gay couple raising an adopted child.
While their sexuality is part of the story, it is remarkable how most of the shows don't center on this issue but instead on the normal ups and downs of family life. This season, the show began with these two characters, Mitch and Cam, becoming engaged in the wake of California's decision to allow same-sex marriage.
A growing number of Republicans have already backed away from their opposition to same-sex marriage. Christie is just one of those who have changed the tone of the party on this cultural question – a group that includes Sens. Lisa Murkowski and Robert Portman and former Vice President Dick Cheney – in an era when polarization has become stronger on almost every other issue. As Mitt Romney adviser David Kochel said, "Opposing the freedom to marry is a loser for our party and serves to drive away a growing number of voters who have turned the page."
So, even though Christie is taking a risk through his recent announcement, the odds are that many other Republicans won't be far behind. The gay rights movement has profoundly shifted the debate and advanced the cause of gay rights far beyond what anyone had imagined just a few years ago.
By taking one of the most familiar and central conservative arguments of our era, marriage, and embracing it as one of their own, the movement has gained legitimacy for the right of gay Americans to build their own families. There will be huge pressure on Republicans in the coming years to get on the right side of this issue and movement activists have made it easier for leaders in the GOP to come around to their side.
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The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Julian Zelizer.