Chinese sociology was denounced and abolished as "bourgeois science" for more than a quarter of a century (1952-1979). This article examines the politics of rebuilding Chinese sociology. Examining lectures, reports, and essays associated with the first three officially approved research projects (1981-1986), I clarify why the quantitative paradigm was embraced by sociologists at the expense of qualitative inquiry. With the introduction of survey questionnaire methods from the West and the making of sociological knowledge "useful" within China, sociology rebuilt its disciplinary identity and legitimacy. Based upon my analysis, I lay out three thematic issues essential to a critical, decentered approach in qualitative research.


The Universal Human Rights Declaration, the Convention on the Children Rights and the Convention on the disabled persons Rights recognize an equal right to the enjoyment of the right to education for all valid and handicapped children. This research aims at find out if the handicapped child of Kolwezi in the D.R. Congo actually enjoys this right to education. That is to say the handicapped with access to school. Accessibility to this right has three overlapping dimensions: no discrimination, physical accessibility and affordability. The analysis of the situation showed that handicapped children have little schooling. Only those with less severe disabilities are given the chance to study in regular schools with valid children; those affected severely don't attend school. Their schooling faces specific difficulties, in this case the absence of specialized schools and the high cost of health care or disability. The effective enjoyment of this right to education by the handicapped child of Kolwezi necessitates a synergy of actions of everyone consisting in particular for the parents to accept the handicap of their children and to educate them without discrimination, for the public authorities to organize measures (numbering of all handicapped children with or without schooling, the establishment of specialized schools, and the effectiveness of free education and health care), and for non-governmental organizations to raise awareness among the population the need for the education right of handicapped children.


We report the discovery of two strongly lensed z ∼ 3 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) discovered as u-band dropouts as part of the SDSS Giant Arcs Survey (SGAS). The first, SGAS J122651.3+215220 at z = 2.9233, is lensed by one of several sub-clusters, SDSS J1226+2152, in a complex massive cluster at z = 0.43. Its (g, r, i) magnitudes are (21.14, 20.60, 20.51) which translate to surface brightnesses, μg,r,i, of (23.78, 23.11, 22.81). The second, SGAS J152745.1+065219, is an LBG at z = 2.7593 lensed by the foreground SDSS J1527+0652 at z = 0.39, with (g, r, z) = (20.90, 20.52, 20.58) and μg,r,z = (25.15, 24.52, 24.12). Moderate resolution spectroscopy confirms the redshifts suggested by photometric breaks and shows both absorption and emission features typical of LBGs. Lens mass models derived from combined imaging and spectroscopy reveal that SGAS J122651.3+215220 is a highly magnified source (M ≃ 40), while SGAS J152745.1+065219 is magnified by no more than M ≃ 15. Compared with LBG survey results, the luminosities and lensing-corrected magnitudes suggest that SGAS J122651.3+215220 is among the faintest ≃20% of LBGs in that sample. SGAS J152745.1+065219, on the other hand, has an unlensed r-band apparent magnitude similar to that of the "Cosmic Eye," which places it near the mean of LBG survey results over similar redshifts.


Objective: The objective was to optimize the fermentation media components and conditions to improve the production yield of endoglucanase by filamentous fungi isolated from garden soil. Methods: Cellulolytic fungi were screened from garden soil and identified as Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus sp. by using conidial morphology. The influences of various culture conditions including incubation time, temperature, pH, carbon, nitrogen, surfactants and fermentation media on endoglucanase production by the isolates were investigated by submerged fermentation process. Results: The optimum incubation time for maximum enzyme production was recorded between 3-48 hrs. The optimum temperature and pH were 38 oC and 5.0-5.5, respectively. Besides cellulose, lactose and cellobiose stimulated the enzyme production from both strains. Peptone and yeast extract were found as the best organic nitrogen sources for Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus sp. respectively. Both isolates yielded maximum endoglucanase (40-43 U/ml), when the growth medium supplemented with 0.06 % (w/v) KNO 3 . The surfactants tried had a positive effect on endoglucanase secretion by both strains. Vogel's medium supported the growth of Aspergillus sp. and Aspergillus minimal medium also favored Fusarium sp. growth. Conclusion: Optimization of culture conditions are necessary for improved production of endoglucanase by submerged fermentation process. Both isolates appears to be promising for the pilot-scale reactors with the use of our results. Moreover, as Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. isolates are being rapid growing fungi and synthesizing endoglucanase alone apart from other cellulase components in liquid broth, it will be useful for cellulose bioconversion processes in food and alcohol industries.


Ruminant animals, also known as pre-gastric fermenters, have their stomach divided in four compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. The rumen and reticulum harbor a large symbiotic microbial population that intensively ferments dietary feed components, that is then passed on to the omasum. The omasum is a major site of water absorption, and much less fermentation occurs because omasal feed retention time is substantially shorter compared to the rumen-reticulo compartment. After passing through the omasum, the modified feed components and the ruminal microbial population are delivered to the abomasum, the true stomach in which acidic and animal enzymatic digestion starts.


To date, geological exploration works in Yuryuzano-Aysky Depression have resulted in identifying and prospecting of positive structural complications in known productive horizons of Upper and Middle Devonian. Meanwhile, accumulated geological and geophysical data suggests discovering new oil and gas accumulations within Yuryuzano-Aysky Depression associated with unconventional intervals of geological section. Sediments of Riphean-Vendian complex and deposits of Paleozoic sedimentary cover are considered as potentially productive horizons in this paper. Major directions on setting exploration works are defined. Complex structural exploration objects with disjunctive, lithological and stratigraphic shields are expected in Riphean deposits composing aulacogene complex. Authors consider southern Yuryuzano-Aysky Depression as the main Riphean exploration area where (as per common-midpoint seismic survey) along the northern border of Karatau structural complex uplift of reflecting horizons of Paleozoic and Proterozoic, as well as significant disturbance by differently oriented linear disjunctives are observed. It is advisable to examine deposits of Vendian complex and Gryaznushinsky strata with alleged domination of structural type traps on "through" structures, where also Paleozoic horizons conventional for this region could be productive. Devonian sandstones, traced by field geologists in sections of Ufimian amphitheater, on eastern and south-eastern part of Yuryuzano-Aysky Depression could be productive on areas of geological structures (Urgalinsky, Yuldashevsky, Chulpanovsky, Baydinsky, etc.) and in anticline area accompanying Yelanlinsky uplift-thrust.


In this work, we study analog-to-digital conversion and reconstruction outside of the strict r egime of the sampling theorem for band-limited functions. We consider signals that are only essentially band-limited, and allow analysis and synthesis lters to be approximations of ideal lters. Our estimates for the reconstruction error are directly calculated from properties of the analysis and synthesis lters, such as the pass-band and stop-band ripples, the oversampling rate, and the decay properties of the two lters.


ABSTRACT The author anticipates how technological advances in the 21st century will give musicians the tools to further control their craft, while giving listeners the ability to personalize and share their aesthetic experience.


1. Evidence, theories and models in Roman population history 2. The Polybian manpower figures and the size of the Italian population on the eve of the Hannibalic War 3. Census procedures and the meaning of the republican and early-imperial census figures 4. Peasants, citizens and soldiers, 201 BC-28 BC 5. The Augustan census figures and Italy's urban network 6. Survey archaeology and demographic developments in the Italian countryside.


ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the relationships involving the older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of complexity, envisioning the path of hope. Method: this is a reflection based on the Theory of Complexity, according to Edgar Morin, and on articles addressing the new coronavirus. Results: the experiences during the pandemic showed economic, social, health, cultural, ethical, and moral difficulties in relation to the older adults. Facing the uncertainties of COVID-19 teaches about the attitude towards this inevitable involvement in the individual and collective life, as well as in the history of the country and the world - a problem aggravated by the fears of humanity. Therefore, adapting society and remodeling it with regard to relationships with the older adults can translate into success against the pandemic disease. This induces thought reform, reorganizing the understanding of the older adults, which currently involves scattered, disjoint, compartmentalized, and excluding thinking. This reform is broad, deep, paradigmatic, cultural, ethical, and moral, which strengthens the culture of aging, propagating and democratizing the poetry of living, allowing the older adults to know the beauty of emotions, and to discover their own truths through the masterpieces of their lives. However, this intention presupposes a metamorphosis of individualism, oppression, and exclusion, in whose context gerontological nursing is fundamental. Conclusion: the transformations experienced during the pandemic may be the prelude to changing relationships with the older adults, through multiple reforming and transforming processes that come together, by the strengthening of gerontological nursing. Perhaps the pandemic moment is the beginning of the path of hope for new times of Humanity's dignity.


The increased demand for the use of virtual worlds in higher education has led many educators and researchers in in-depth analysis and evaluation of a number of different virtual environments, aiming to highlight their potentials. Until recently, Second Life was one of the most widely used virtual worlds for educational purposes. However, the decision of Linden Lab to stop offering the educational discount, the rumours around its future and the emergence of a novel technology called OpenSim challenged institutions' decisions to keep using Second Life. In a try to identify the way institutions make their decision to use a virtual world, 34 interviews have been conducted with university educators. The results of this study reveal that both the cost and the persistence of a virtual world play an important role on this decision. However, there are still some unique benefits offered by each world affecting to a great extent the educators' decision. We conclude the paper by advocating the use of a cross-institutional hypergrid.


The main purpose of this short survey is to present in a unified manner some theorems concerning the existence, perturbation and uniqueness of C0‐semigroups on L∞(Rd,dx).


Thin Er3+, Yb3+ co-doped Y2O3 films have been grown on (001) SiO2 substrates by pulsed laser deposition from ceramic targets. The influence of the active ion concentration and processing parameters on the structure, cathodoluminescent (CL) spectra and optical properties of the films have been investigated. The films were prepared in an oxygen atmosphere at pressures of 0.01 and 0.1 mbar and at 500°C substrate temperature. Blue, green and red light emissions centred at 408 nm, 562 nm and 660 nm, respectively, and an infrared (IR) spectrum centred at 1.54 µm were measured. The intensities of the CL peaks strongly depend on the Er and Yb ion concentration in the films and their ratio. An increase in Yb content at a fixed Er concentration leads to a decrease in the CL intensity in the visible range. It is higher for the films deposited at 0.1 mbar, which correlates with the better crystallinity obtained. Despite their better crystallinity, the films prepared at 0.01 mbar have a slightly higher optical transmission in the visible and near-IR range, which corresponds to the smoother surface and lower absorption measured.


Tendinitis/tendinopathies are common performance-limiting injuries. The last decade has seen significant development in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)based therapies in tendon repair. Using tendon-derived progenitor cells (TDPCs) for tendon healing is based on the rationale that stem cells from tendons are more phenotypically-committed or 'primed' for tenogenesis than cells from other tissues. This review article summarizes recent literature addressing the in vitro characteristics of TDPCs and evaluates their in vivo effects in experimental models of tendon repair. TDPCs share many of the common MSC properties; however express some lineage-specific characteristics that are heavily dependent on the extracellular matrix and tensile load stimulation. TDPCs are multipotent cells that undergo aberrant differentiation in an inflammatory milieu. In vivo experimental studies demonstrate that implanting TDPCs, alone or with biologic vehicles, improves the biomechanical and histological characteristics of repair tissue. However, TDPCs, like other MSCs used for in vivo tendon repair do not directly enhance the cellular pool within tendons. Recent evidence suggests that 'priming' TDPCs for tenogenesis during in vitro culture and administering these cells along with acellular matrix may augment the efficacy of TDPC-based therapies. Further research focusing on delineating the phenotype of TDPCs, and establishing optimal cell delivery strategies that influence healthy tendon repair are warranted to optimize TDPC-based treatment of tendon pathology. Correspondence to: Matthew C Stewart, 1008 W. Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL61802, USA, Tel: 217-265-5206, Fax: 217-244-1475, E-mail: email@example.com


Universal English compositions are that the writing templates have been popular with English learners for long because they are easy to use and cater for sorts of examinations. However,the universal compositions are not really universal since they might bring about a lot of problems. Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of English writing templates,and aims to enable English learners to get a clear understanding of universal compositions,the paper is maximized favourable factors and minimized unfavourable ones and made effective use of them in order to truly improve their English writing levels.


Developmental intervention has been proposed as a way of preventing some of the problems that occur in low birth weight infants (LBWI). There is a paucity of data demonstrating the effects of these strategies on the well being of these infants. This study included 12 randomly selected LBWI receiving care at the U of Fla: x BW = 1233 gms; x GA = 30 wks.; x age at testing = 6 days. TcPO2 and heart rate (HR) were recorded each minute during 45 minute sessions which included baseline and recovery periods and in random order 15 minutes each of routine nursing treatment and developmental intervention. Routine treatment consisted of traditional care. Developmental intervention consisted of responsive interactions with infants from a multisensory integrated protocol. Infants served as their own controls, and providers of care were unaware of TcPO2 or HR during the study.x HR and TcPO2 values during the developmental intervention sessions did not differ from baseline values. The developmental session had fewer episodes of TcPO2 ≤ 40 torr (1 vs 21) and HR > 180 (3 vs 20) than did traditional care sessions (X2p=<.01). These data demonstrate that developmental intervention based on an infant responsive model did not adversely affect TcPO2 or HR in these LBWI.


PURPOSE: A method of making a canned globefish using the whole flesh of globefish after the removal of toxic component, intestines or the like is provided. The product has a non-fat and pleasant taste and is rich in protein, calcium, vitamin or the like. CONSTITUTION: A globefish is washed and heated for 3min at 105 to 110deg.C after the removal of intestines, eyes, livers, toxic component or the like. After the heating the dressed globefish for 3sec at 130deg.C, it is mixed with vegetables, fruits and water, heated with vegetables, fruits and water for 90min at 80 to 100deg.C and centrifuged. Then, the extract is concentrated with glutinous rice, Perilla japonica, seaweed extract, black pepper, salt water or the like in a vacuum concentrator to a moisture content of below 92% and sterilized for 60min at 105 to 107deg.C.


The fabric comprises a novel type of netting which will have particular utility in screening out mosquitoes and like insects and pests. The fabric is defined of voids having depth as well as width and length. The fabric is usable as a material from which to form clothing for wear, or bed coverings, or sleeping bags, etc., besides use simply as a netting.


It is shown how the EM field over an object plane can be synthesised from a time domain record of the far-field radiation off the axis of symmetry. Two off-axis observations are sufficient to synthesise a two-dimensional distribution and the spatial resolution attainable (independent of distance) depends on the time variation of the source field. The experimental results use an antenna aperture as the object field but the method is intended for radar targets. A new technique of waveform processing in the time domain avoids singularities which can arise in frequency domain processing.


After the Franco-Spanish and French military conquest of the empire of Vietnam, some relevant treaty dates indicate the process of colonization: 1862 for Saigon, 1874-1875 for Hanoi and 1883-1884 for Hue. This presentation offers an overview of these various treaties from the beginning of colonization in 1858 to the establishment of the Indochinese Union in 1887 including Cambodia, Laos, and a dismembered Vietnam, divided into three parts, Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina. These two chronological boundaries are practical in delimiting the conquest and the establishment of a colonial administration. However, they remain irrelevant to the extent that there is a "before" 1858 (Traite de Versailles in 1787), and an "after" 1887 in particular with the Vietnamese responses to the colonization they were experiencing. Indeed, we can argue that the colonial situation of Vietnam extended until the end of the Indochina War in 1954.

Studying all these official writings and situations, the circulations of the treaties, their intellectual construction and the difference of the interpretations seen through the eyes of the Indochinese and the French should invite us to write a new history of colonization from a more Asian, or at least decentralized, perspective.


To introduce ecologically safe acaricide, effects of essential oils derived from Cuminum cyminum (Cumin), Syzygium aromaticum (Clove), and Mentha spicata (Spearmint) were determined on Tetranychus urticae at 25±1 � C, 65±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hour. The essential oils extracted by hydro-distillation were characterized by means of GC and GC–MS. Bioassays were performed by filter paper diffusion without allowing direct contact. Cumin, clove, and spearmint oils contained �- Pinene (29.1%), eugenol (78.5%) and carvone (59.4%), respectively, as the major compounds. The lowest LC 50 value for adults was recorded for cumin oil (3.74 µL L -1 air) followed by clove (6.13 µL L -1 air) and spearmint (7.53 µL L -1 air). The highest ovicidal activity was recorded for cumin oil (LC 50 = 7.65 µL L -1 air) followed by clove (LC 50 = 8.73 µL L -1 air) and spearmint (LC 50 = 9.01 µL L -1 air). According to repellency tests, by increasing concentration of oils, the repellency effects were increased. The most potent repellency effect was recorded for clove, followed by spearmint and cumin oils. The three extracted essential oils seem to be suitable sources of active vapors that can be used as alternatives for chemical pesticides for controlling this pest.


Thirty years ago, the eminent sinologist James Watson published a paper on 'common pot' dining in the New Territories of Hong Kong, a banquet ritual that differs fundamentally from established social norms in Chinese society. We explore the recent career of the 'common pot' in neighbouring Shenzhen, where it became an important symbol manifesting the strength and public role of local lineages in the rapidly growing mega-city. We show how the practice relates to their role as landholding groups, organized in 'Cooperative Shareholding Companies' that show many similarities with traditional lineage estates. Meanwhile, the 'common pot' is also diffusing as a commercial high-end New Year dish globally, signifying the alignment between traditional conceptions of kinship and modernist conceptions of national identity.


We demonstrate surface plasmon-induced enhancements in optical imaging and spectroscopy on silver coated silicon nanocones which we call black silver. The black silver with dense and homogeneous nanocone forest structure is fabricated with a mass-producible nanomanufacturing method. It can efficiently trap and convert incident photons into localized plasmons in broad wavelength range, permitting the enhancement in optical absorption from ultraviolet to near infrared range by 12 times, the visible fluorescence enhancement of ∼30 times and the Raman scattering enhancement factor up to ∼108. We show the potential of the black silver in high sensitivity and broadband optical sensing of molecules.


This paper described the field measurement of the static and circulating temperature of Yaha 501 deep well in Talimu oil field, and compared the field measurement result with the calculating results by the regular methods. Field measurement study indicated that the estimated bottom hole temperature from logging/regressive formula was not true formation static temperature, and was less than the actual measurement temperature. There was an error above 10℃ for circulating temperature between API method/field experience method of Talimu and field measurement, and the error from API method was bigger than that from field experience method. The affection of the well size and circulating rate on the circulating temperature is specially potent.


Single vehicle system is a commonly used framework in the design process of intelligent driving system and the relevant researches can also help the design of Internet vehicle system. Moreover, the development of neural networks and deep learning chip provides a new solution for the research of single vehicle systems. In this paper, an embedded development platform supporting deep learning framework is used to implement the simulation of a single-vehicle system. We first propose a collaborative judgment MobileNet, and then creatively optimize it as a 3D collaborative judgment MobileNet. We test the performance of the network on the data collected on the spot and obtain excellent results. In addition, a logic decision layer with the function of error suppression is also designed to prevent the frontend errors from propagating.


Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In 2014 a cross-sectional Lifestyle, Biomarker and Arteriosclerosis (LBA) study was conducted in Orebro. In the study, arte ...


The objective of Japanese teaching is to develop students' comprehensive practical capability of speaking,listening,reading and translating by adopting a series of effective teaching methods.Modulated and affectionate reading is one of the most effective ways of Japanese teaching.It not only stimulates students' enthusiasm of Japanese learning,but also creates activate learning atmosphere.This thesis analyzes the effect,principle and expectation of reading in Japanese teaching,and therefore making reading fully applied and consummated in practical Japanese teaching.This thesis is completed with the expectation of being regarded as a beneficial reference for enriching Japanese teaching method.


In estimating a bored pile capacity for a certain high-rise building, one should consider lateral loads, which could be wind load, wave load, seismic load, or horizontal load generated by the surrounding soil around the pile. Empirical methods to analyze lateral capacity have been developed, such as Reese and Matlock (1956) method and Reese and Van Impe's p-y curve (2001) method. In this paper, a case study located at Metropolitan Medical Center Phase 2 Jakarta was investigated. A 100.0 cm diameter bored pile behaves as flexible pile with free head condition. The p-y curve has an advantage to get information about pile deflection or moment, which is induced by lateral load. The result, especially a relationship between load and deflection from analysis methods, is similar to that of pile loading test.


The problem of whether the rights of publicservant,the special community should be guaranteed is a topic that is being disputed in the academia and in the government working practice.Some scholars con- sider the rights of public servant must be guaranteed in view of the catholicity of the rights and the speciali- ty of public servant.Other scholar hold"public realm refuses rights".In the respect of citizenship and pub- lic servant status,it is necessary to guarantee the rights of public servant in the both sides of theory and practice.


The present work describes briefly the design, construction, and operation of a low cost air mass 2 solar simulator, and then presents the performance characteristics of a modified version in terms of total irradiance, uniformity of irradiance, spectral distribution, and beam subtense angle. The simulator consists of an array of 143 tungsten halogen lamps and a corresponding array of 143 Fresnel lenses parallel and in front of the lenses, so that a 1.2 m by 1.2 m area is irradiated with uniform collimated irradiance. The performance of this 143-lamp version is compared with that of the 12-lamp prototype. It was found that the larger design required a lower lamp voltage for an equivalent average total irradiance in the test plane. However, distribution of total irradiance was not as good for the large simulator.


Objective:To compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to analyze their changes among residents in Jiangsu province during 2002~2007,so as to provide scientific basis for developing intervention on obesity and nutrition strategy in Jiangsu province.Methods:This study used the sub-sample in Jiangsu province of the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey and the 2007 follow-up survey data.Overweight and obesity were defined by Body Mass Index(BMI) criteria for participants in various age groups.Results:The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among Jiangsu residents increased sharply from 31.1% to 43.0% during these 5 years(2002~2007).The prevalence rose significantly in the south,north part,urban and rural areas in Jiangsu from 2002 to 2007(P0.01).And also,the prevalence of overweight/obesity in the south part of Jiangsu was lower than the north part(χ2=54.83,P0.01),and it was higher in urban areas compared to rural areas in 2007(χ2=105.51,P0.01).The prevalence of overweight/obesity in Jiangsu residents of all age groups in 2007 were congruously higher than its counterpart in 2002.Furthermore,the fastest growth of the prevalence was observed among adolescents aged 14~17.Conclusions:Overweight and obesity increased sharply in Jiangsu province in the past half of decade.It would become the more and more serious public health challenges without timely and effective intervention in Jiangsu province.


Objectives  To evaluate the effect of β‐sitosterol on 45Ca2+ uptake in activated murine neutrophils, and upon myeloperoxidase and adenosine deaminase activity, and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels, in carrageenan‐induced inflammation in the mouse air pouch model.


Science is bringing leprosy patients out of the caves of superstition. The work is slow. Because of long-ingrained misconceptions born of ages during which leprosy made itself evident only when fingers and toes dropped off, many people still recoil in horror when the disease is mentioned. The ancient Chinese and Egyptians isolated lepers or killed them. Biblical times were almost as rough. It was not until the early 1940s that drugs were available to treat the disease. More than a year ago, early in 1966, a famous husband and wife team, Drs. Paul and Margaret Brand, who had spent 17 years in Vellore, India, treating leprosy, came to the Public Health Service leprosarium at Carville, La. He is an orthopedic surgeon and chief of rehabilitation; she is an ophthalmologist and chief of eye service. The shift from India to the U.S. has made them sharply aware of apparent genetic effects on the susceptibility to leprosy. White Caucasians are harder to treat for several reasons, Dr. Margaret Brand reports. No one knows whether there is, in fact, a genetic reason for American Caucasians to contract the more serious type of leprosy, called lepromatous, more often than Indian Caucasians do, but it happens. Racial reactions differ throughout the world. Hawaiians are estimated to be 70 times more susceptible to the disease than white Caucasians in Hawaii. And Chinese get the lepromatous kind more easily than Africans or other darker-skinned races. "It is disgraceful," Dr. Paul says, "that only one-fourth of the estimated 10 million to 20 million leprosy sufferers of the world are being treated, when two or three dollars a year will buy enough DDS (diamino-diphenylsulfone) for a leprosy patient. "For $10 a year, a leprosy patient can be made infectiously negative. You get a big return for your money." Leprosy is not simply a tropical disease. It occurs as far north as Iceland, is known in Korea and other nontropical countries, in spite of the fact that it is most widespread in Asia and Africa. . : . ....... :i,i i 'i . .......: . i' .A


Aircraft design consists of many steps such as an aerodynamic design, structural analysis and flight control design etc. And flight control is one of the crucial design aspects in modern aircrafts. Modern day aircrafts heavily rely on automatic control system for most of the functions and there is always a persistence demand for efficient controllers. There are many control techniques and methods developed in the field of control Engineering. But there are only a few numbers of controllers that we can be relied on. However the conventional techniques only work efficiently for liner system but in the real world, the air craft dynamics are highly non liner and thus there is the need for a controller which works perfectly for non-liner trajectories. Fuzzy logic controller is a non-liner control technique which uses a linguistic approach for controlling, based on some set of membership functions and rules. This research attempts to design a flight controller using a fuzzy logic system.


Abstract Numerous indicators in South African society suggest the existence of attitudes of prejudice towards immigrants, especially non-Protestanis and those coming from countries other than White South Africa's traditional countries of origin. It would appear that the Afrikaans- and English-speaking communities differ in the social distance expressed towards immigrants. This paper deals with a survey in Pretoria to determine the social distance expressed towards Britishers, Germans, Greeks, Italians, the Dutch and the Portugese, by a number of adult White South African citizens. A modified Bogardus social distance test was used to determine the attitudes of 1.020 respondents who were found to be representative of the population in respect of sex, language, religious affiliation, marital status and age composition. Contrary to the hypothesis it was found that the Afrikaans-speaking sample was not Closer in social distance to the Dutch and Germans than were the English-speaking respondents. The hypothesis...


February 16, 1967 Building — Safety regulations — Application — Neon lighting installation — Workman repairing installation affixed to cinema — Whether "repair or maintenance of building" — Whether installation part of building — Building (Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations, 1948 (S.I. 1948 No. 1145), regs. 2(1), 24(1).


An authenticated encryption scheme allows messages to be encrypted and authenticated simultaneously. C. Ma and K. Chen proposed such a scheme with public verifiability (see Electronics Letters, vol.39, no.3 p.281-2, 2003). That is, in their scheme, the receiver can efficiently prove to a third party that a message has indeed originated from a specific sender. We first identify two security weaknesses in the Ma-Chen authenticated encryption scheme. Then, based on the Schnorr signature, we proposed an efficient and secure improved scheme such that all the desired security requirements are satisfied.


Web based e-learning system is developed for the education of structural dynamics for University students and for the dissemination of disaster prevention for the society people. This system shows the dynamic response of the 2-dofs lumped mass system. It is possible to easily make a virtual experiment on a web browser. User can produce the seismic ground motion by dragging the ground with the mouse right and left on the browser. The ground can also be shaken by the observed earthquake wave in the database. User can freely make an experiment using various variables. The students easily understand the dynamic phenomena of structure through the combination of formulation, graph, and the experiments using this software.


he specific preoperative diagnosis of a pelvic mass can be challenging despite the excellent anatomic detail provided by sonographic imaging of the female pelvis. There is a wide spectrum of possible differential diagnoses of a complex pelvic mass, including benign ovarian cysts, ovarian carcinoma, hydrosalpinx, tubo-ovarian abscess, gastrointestinal conditions (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, mucocele, and abscess), peritoneal causes (e.g., pseudocyst, malignancy, and tuberculous peritonitis), lymphoma, and mesothelioma. This report describes a case of tuberculous peritonitis in a young woman with a large pelvic mass and sonographic features mimicking those of an ovarian cystadenoma.


In an article on lines of Blaschko,1the authors referred to a study of pigmentary lines by Selmanowitz and me2and pointed out that we thought that those lines did not correspond to lines of Blaschko. We did say that in the article; however, after looking at the diagrams provided by Bolognia et al,1it is clear to me that these pigmentary lines did indeed follow Blaschko lines. Also, this same correction applies to a study by Selmanowitz and me3on hypopigmented markings in blacks. These pigmentary variations represent a common form of mosaicism most easily visible in dark-skinned people. In a recent article, Nehal et al4show that pigmentary mosaicism in certain clinical patterns was associated with extracutaneous abnormal features in 30% of their patients. If one were to study dark-skinned people with pigmentary demarcation lines, mediosternal lines, or hypopigmented chest macules as examples


Background: The programme of mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis is unique in its strategy that one dose of DEC with or without albendazole has been found to be capable enough to eliminate the load of filariasis worms which might have been built up over a period of one year in the people. So all attempts are really made in filarial endemic areas to administer DEC and albendazole to eligible population for the above purpose. The objective of the study were to review the progress of activities of single dose DEC mass administration in the selected district, make assessment of program implementation and recommend further course of action Methods: A cross – sectional study was done in Vizianagaram district of AP State from 15 th March to 15 th June 2016. All the PHCs were stratified into 3 groups depending on MDA 2015 coverage. The three categories of the PHCs are identified according to high coverage, very high coverage and very high coverage of DEC consumption. Thus three PHCs and an urban area were selected. Clusters of 30 houses from one village of each PHC and one ward of urban area with a total of 120 households were selected. One respondent from each house was interviewed for the purpose. Results: The age and sex wise distribution of study population for evaluation of MDA in urban area is 55.2% males and 44.8% whereas in rural area it was 54.4% males and 45.6% females. The age and sex distribution of respondents of MDA 2015 DEC evaluation study in urban area was 6.7% males and 93.3% females whereas in rural area it was 14.4% males and 85.6% females. Conclusions: The evaluation study of MDA on DEC clearly shows that there has been overwhelming success in administration and consumption of the drug DEC during MDA activity of 2015.


This study describes a simulation of two-dimensional bubble forming and motion by the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). Immiscible binary fluids have interaction effects to each other when they flow in the micro channel. Our aim is to examine the applicability of LBM to the numerical analysis of a binary fluid separation and motion in the micro channel to study the separation conditions. Free energy model for simulating binary fluids is employed in this study. A numerical simulation of a binary fluid flow in a cross channel setup with four gates in carried out. One component of the fluids is injected from the main inlet, and the other component is injected from two symmetrical branch inlets and they together come out from a single outlet. During this process, the injected fluid will be cut off into many droplets periodically due to the pressure and interaction effect. These conditions are analyzed in order to gain confidence of this method. It is an important prerequisite before we use LBM for various problems in microchannels.


The author describes how the role of midwives in the 19th. Century went through a process of professionalization in Chile. This was a time when traditional practitioners who assisted women in childbirth were still fully trusted by women and performed an effective role. It also provides the necessary evidence to understand that the peculiarity of this work in Chile can only be understood as a process of professionalization where traditional midwives and their empirical knowledge turned into scientifically-trained certified nurse-midwives.


In this article they consider the technology for target-oriented professional training of Masters for enterprises of electric power cluster. The theoretical model of system for Masters' professional competences has been offered


Objective:To investigate the plan and method of optimization of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3DCRT)for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods: Twenty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated by late course 3DCRT.3D plans were designed using PROWESS PANTHER treatment planning system.To select careful beam angle,beams number selection and beam weighting factor settings,combined with DVHs and dose curve distribution map,then choose the best option.Results: Analysis of the 20 patients' DVHs showed the targets all could be wrapped by better dose line and the surrounding organs at risk were within the scope of its tolerance dose.Conclusion: In the departments which can not carry out IMRT,to choose the right beams also can produce a high-quality 3DCRT plan,which can improve the control rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,protect organs at risk and improve patient's quality of life.


Abstract : Gas surface interactions have been studied in the first year of operation of a new state-of-the-art apparatus that can study individual gas-surface collisional events or the velocity distributions of recombining species. Systems studied included Tungsten-O2, N2, H2, He, Ar and Platinum-He, O2/CO, O2/C2H2, O2/C2H4. The direct reaction of oxygen with tungsten has been characterized. The indirect molecular precursor reaction of N2 with tungsten is under investigation. The highly non-thermal CO2 produced by oxidation of CO, C2H2 or C2H4 on Pt has been clearly established. (Author)


Abstract For the past fifty years, there has been a debate over whether the Umayyad caliph Muʿāwiya introduced a short-lived gold coinage in Syria. After reappraising the literary evidence, this study argues that an enigmatic phrase in a papyrus from this period constitutes evidence for state enforcement of the circulation of a new kind of gold coinage issued under Muʿāwiya. A die-study of the extant specimens of a peculiar imitation of Byzantine gold which has had its crosses effaced, and has been attributed to Muʿāwiya on the basis of the testimony of literary sources, confirms them to be the result of a large-scale, albeit ultimately unsuccessful, initiative. This demonstrates that, in addition to the east, there also existed a separate drive towards an expansion of the money supply in Syria-Egypt during the latter half of Muʿāwiya's caliphate, a development which testifies to a relatively substantial programme of state-building by the caliph.


We present numerical evidence that in a system of interacting bosons there exists a correspondence between the spectral properties of the exact quantum Hamiltonian and the dynamical chaos of the associated mean-field evolution. This correspondence, analogous to the usual quantum-classical correspondence, is related to the formal parallel between the second quantization of the mean field, which generates the exact dynamics of the quantum N -body system, and the first quantization of classical canonical coordinates. The limit of infinite density and the thermodynamic limit are then briefly discussed.


Raman-tweezers spectroscopy has been used for the rapid detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA) of single bacterial spores and reagentless discrimination of different species of bacterial cells with principal component analysis and cluster analysis.


In this study, the performance of multiuser multiinput multi-output (MIMO) simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) layered transmission system is investigated under downlink scenario. For the first time in the literature, each user is assumed to simultaneously perform energy harvesting (EH) and information decoding (ID) under the MIMO-SWIPT layered transmission system. To this end, antenna switching technique is used at the receivers and the idea that while a set of receive antennas is reserved for EH, the remaining antennas are exploited for ID is adopted. In addition, power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access is utilized for multiuser multiple access process. A number of numerical results are presented on the amount of harvested energy, attained data rate, and outage probability.


The parameter setting problem is part of a complex, automated process for customizing Scania's products; primarily trucks and buses. The problem is modelled as a stateless, acyclic graph of pure functions and variables. A subset of a deterministic, concurrent, demand-driven, declarative programming model is implemented under the Microsoft .NET framework. The implementation is evaluated based on suitability for solving the parameter setting problem, computational performance and general applicability within the organization. It is concluded that the model reduces the complexity of the parameter setting problem, mainly due to demand-driven (lazy) execution. The implementation scales as expected on sequential programs in time and memory with respect to input size. Parallel programs benefit partly from parallelism but bottlenecks in the .NET framework seem to limit the speedup. The general applicability of the programming model within the organization is potentially high and there are many extensions that can be added in the future, such as constraint programming.


Europe, which in principle appeared as a victor, in reality lost its colonial possessions in Asia and many countries were subjected to devastation at home. Postwar relations between Japan and Europe began with mutual disregard at best, with a slow and cautious effort toward reconciliation, or at worst with a sense of antipathy from Europe towards Japan. The first Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) was held in March 1996 in Bangkok. Fifteen EU countries and the Commission attended from Europe and ten countries, seven from ASEAN (five founders plus Brunei and Vietnam) and three others (China, Japan and South Korea) attended from Asia. Japan and Europe have missed a historic opportunity to strengthen their relationship through an enhanced political dialogue. It also shows that the struggle for relevance and enhanced political cooperation so earnestly sought during the 1990's is still a distant objective.Keywords: Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM); China; Japan; postwar relations; relevance; South Korea; struggle


Abstract:
 Green development has become an important concept and an effective way to sustainably develop the tourism industry. Studying tourism green development promotes the construction of regional ecological civilizations and sustainable development. We systematically reviewed research on green development in the tourism industry and divided this body of work it into two stages: a germination exploration stage under the concept of sustainable development; and initial development under the green development concept. In addition, some important green development research methods, conceptualization and connotation of green development, an index system of green development evaluation to measure efficiency and influencing factors, green development models, and regulations and standards of enterprise green development countermeasures are discussed. This review affirms China's positive exploration and reference meaning to developing countries, and finds that the majority of research is qualitative; quantitative analyses are limited and a relevant theoretical system has not yet formed. Future research should deepen the content, enrich research methods and construct a theoretical system.


A method to emulate multi-stage power amplifier (PA) architectures is presented. The technique predicts multistage PA performance. The method is based on an iterative procedure using transistor/branch PA active load-pull measurements to include inter-stage interaction. As a benefit, real-world performance of a multi-stage PA can be evaluated early in the design process. Compared to previous published work, the method requires only a single representative device-undertest to embody multi-stage architectures. Thus, a compelling measurement method for PA designers is presented. The method is demonstrated by emulating a two-stage differential amplifier at 2.14 GHz using single-tone signals.


Advancements in the field of interventional cardiology have resulted in better survival and a shorter recovery period for patients with coronary artery and valve disease. Despite the benefits of these less invasive techniques, it is important to keep in mind the adagium "primum non nocere". Technical refinements with smaller catheters and different access routes have resulted in less adverse outcomes. However, increased aging and improved life-expectancy will likely result in an increased number of percutaneous interventions, and also increased complexity of these procedures. This will subsequently lead to a greater number of patients being exposed to the risk of adverse outcomes. By investigating the occurrence and causes of adverse outcomes we can improve both the techniques as well as patient selection. This thesis aims to provide a further understanding of adverse outcomes following specific transcatheter percutaneous interventions. First we investigated the thrombo-embolic and bleeding complications in both percutaneous coronary and aortic valve interventions. In this section we report the occurrence of silent cerebral infarcts following cardiac procedures, predictors and implications of gastro-intestinal bleeding in ST-segment myocardial infarct (STEMI) patients and we performed a patient pooled analysis on antiplatelet therapy following transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Second we focused on the efficacy and safety outcomes of a novel percutaneous coronary stent, the ABSORB bioresorbable vascular scaffold®, in real world practice. Finally we investigated adverse remodeling in ST-elevated myocardial infarction patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. We observed that left ventricular remodeling is a long-term continuing process, and identified markers of adverse left ventricular remodeling.


The performance of phosphonates as additives in kraft pulping of aspen was investigated. Application of 0.1%-0.2% phosphonates in cooking resulted in consider able reduction in kappa number (4-8 points), while pulp yield was increased substantially. The bleaching responses of phosphonate treated pulps to DEDED and OPD sequences were significantly improved, allowing lower chemical application or higher final brightness. In addtion to enhanced lignin removal, the mproved bleachability is likely extended by an appreciable decrease in metal content of pulp fibers. Application: Kraft mills may be able to apply phosphonates as additives in the digester to achieve higher yield, shorter cooking times and better bleaching response.


The available magnetic field data from the terrestrial magnetosphere, solar wind and planetary magnetospheres exceeds over 106 hours. Identifying plasma waves in these large data sets is a time consuming and tedious process. In this Paper, we propose a solution to this problem. We demonstrate how self‐organizing maps (SOMs) can be used for rapid data reduction and identification of plasma waves in large data sets. We use 72,000 fluxgate and 110,000 search coil magnetic field power spectra from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission ( MMS1 ) and show how the SOM sorts the power spectra into groups based on their shape. Organizing the data in this way makes it very straightforward to identify power spectra with similar properties and therefore this technique greatly reduces the need for manual inspection of the data. We suggest that SOMs offer a time effective and robust technique, which can significantly accelerate the processing of magnetic field data and discovery of new wave forms.


Analysing cases from India, this chapter reveals flaws in recent claims that reverse innovation can resolve some of the world's most urgent social problems. Reverse innovation implies the diffusion of innovations from developing to developed countries, and is therefore, per se, irrelevant for the social needs of the former. If understood more broadly, as a strategic approach, reverse innovation may reduce some dimensions of inequality. However, as an instrument of poverty reduction, reverse innovation equals the known and compelling but doubtful proposition that developed country multinational enterprises may induce large-scale prosperity simply by doing business with the world's poorest. In this chapter, the authors assess the social impact of reverse innovations and contrast previous wholesale claims on those impacts with an in-depth analysis. The authors' analysis reveals that these social impacts are not as significant as currently believed. The chapter concludes by suggesting future research avenues on the bottom of the pyramid, which will be of key relevance to academics and managers alike.


Comparative studies of DNA isolated from adult C3H mouse liver, immortalized mouse embryo cells (C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8) and the tumorigenic methylcholanthrene transformed C3H/10T1/2 Cl 16 cell line have been carried out in order to analyze possible structural changes in the ribosomal genes associated with the immortalization and tumorigenic transformation of mouse cells. Southern blot hybridization experiments revealed a mutation hotspot within repetive sequences 13 kb upstream from the 18S rRNA genes in the non‐transcribed spacer (NTS). Other DNA changes were localized near the initiation and termination regions of rRNA transcription. The differences found in the restriction maps of the 5′‐region resided 5 to 6 kd upstream from the 18S 5′‐end and the changes located in the 3′‐end mapped approximately 5 kb downstream from the 28S 3′‐end. Thus, oncogenic transformation of the C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 cells by methylcholanthrene treatment was associated with stable genetic changes in the 18S rRNA gene. There was no evidence for rRNA gene amplification.


When the technology of hemodialysis machines and vascular access techniques had progressed sufficiently to permit chronic hemodialysis, many of the challenges facing patients and nephrologists were as yet unforeseen. The sense of optimism was akin to that which followed the discovery of insulin; clinicians in the 1920s were hopeful that diabetes had been conquered. Belding Scribner and his associates at the University of Washington in Seattle were the first to solve the dilemma of chronic vascular access by using a polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) externalized arteriovenous shunt. The Scribner shunt was first implanted into the arm of a 40-year-old man named Clyde Shields in 1960. Chronic hemodialysis, much of it done at home, began with Clyde Shields and a few other patients that year in Seattle, and shortly thereafter in other cities around the world. Shields, who required numerous shunts over the years, survived 11 years.


OBJECTIVE:To probe into the characteristics and general pattern of the adverse drug reactions (ADR) in order to promote clinical rational drug use.METHODS:By a retrospective study,a total of 312 ADR cases collected from Oct.1,2002 to Dec.31,2008 in our hospital were analyzed in respect of patients' age and sex,drug varieties,route of administration,organs or system involved and the clinical manifestation,etc.RESULTS:Of the 312 ADR cases,63.46% were induced by antibiotics versus 13.14% by traditional Chinese herbal injections;86.86% were induced intravenously,47.12% manifested as lesions of skin and its appendants.The ADRs were more often seen in patients aged above 70 years.CONCLUSION:Clinical rational use of antimicrobial drugs and the Chinese herbal injections as well as the monitoring on quality and standard use of the traditional Chinese herbal injections should be emphasized to avoid or decrease ADR incidence.


Much of the higher education institutions began to adopt the use of audio-visual resources in the classroom because it is considered by many actors involved as a facilitator and accelerator of the teaching process. We can see that in recent times a large amount organizations from educational system has been adopted the audiovisuals resources in classrooms due to assess from many actors connect to higher education arena as a spur and a mean to accelerate teaching process. Besides, the usage of this kind of resource is legimated from Education Bureau in Brazil when it considers as a positive criterion in the evaluation process of educational organizations. However a few studies have been conducted to verify the actual efficiency of the audiovisual resources in the teaching process and its influence in the performance e motivation on the student. Due to this consideration the purpose of this study is verify how de students have been using this kind of resource and the degree of relevance they credit to it. The present inquiry has its basis on the sociological view of Institutional Theory and the sample contemplates 90 students. The results were statistically treated with SPSS throughout parametric testes. The results of this research clearly point to the institutionalization of the use of audiovisual resources in the classroom. However, these results point to a flaw in the system, since the student is to consider that knowledge in topics (characteristic of the presentations), and often partial, as sufficient for their formation.


The magnetic field distribution is derived which gives linear dispersion of magnetoelastic waves in an axially magnetized YIG rod. The specific field variation for dispersion of 100 MHz/µs at a center frequency of 2 GHz is computed.


This article is concerned with the management of sickness absence and its implications for women staff. Changes in the management of sickness absence in a London local authority are outlined and considered in relation to the predominantly female staffing profile of the organization, and to women's work roles, health needs and stress factors, in the light of research on the Social Services workforce (Balloch et al., 1995, 1998). It is argued that the approach to managing sickness absence in the local authority has disproportionate effects on women and that it undermines other goals of the organization. It is suggested that the causes of absence have been ignored in favour of symptomatic action, that in the interests of an effective workforce links between absence and stress should be addressed and that gender roles should be considered explicitly in policy-making and workforce planning.


When the Surgeon General's report on AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association on Nov. 28, 1986, a flurry of activity resulted throughout the United States with far-reaching effects on the clinical practice of medicine as well as the entire area of education in human sexuality. Under the heading "AIDS: You can protect yourself from infection", Dr. C. Everett Koop stated :


This paper investigates the stochastic bounded consensus of leader-following second-order multi-agent systems in a noisy environment. It is assumed that each agent received the information of its neighbors corrupted by noises and time delays. Based on the graph theory, stochastic tools, and the Lyapunov function method, we derive the sufficient conditions under which the systems would reach stochastic bounded consensus in mean square with the protocol we designed. Finally, a numerical simulation is illustrated to check the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.


The aspect of five spirits forwarded by Comrade Jiang Ze-min for unremitting struggle in order to realize the socialist modernization is the heritage and development of the outstanding tradition of the Chinese nation. There exists a common root between the tradition of "attaching importance to action" and the spirit of emancipating the mind which seeks the truth from facts, between tradition of consistent progress and keeping pace with the age and possession of the courage to make innovation, between "being courageous and resolute", "self-improving" and advancing spirit despite the difficulties, between the tradition of "arduous struggle" and "dealing with the concrete matters relating to work", the spirit of arduous struggle and seeking practical effect, between the tradition of "valuing justice above material gains and being indifferent to fame and gain" and "unselfish contribution". In order to speed up the realization of the socialist modernization, it is significant for us to make the five spirits of unremitting struggle fully publicized and demonstrated.


We present a new system for supervisory automated control of multiple remote cameras. Our primary purpose in developing this system has been to provide capability for knowledge- based, `hands-off' viewing during execution of teleoperation/telerobotic tasks. The reported technology has broader applicability to remote surveillance, telescience observation, automated manufacturing workcells, etc. We refer to this new capability as `Intelligent Viewing Control (IVC),' distinguishing it from a simple programmed camera motion control. In the IVC system, camera viewing assignment, sequencing, positioning, panning, and parameter adjustment (zoom, focus, aperture, etc.) are invoked and interactively executed by real-time by a knowledge-based controller, drawing on a priori known task models and constraints, including operator preferences. This multi-camera control is integrated with a real-time, high-fidelity 3D graphics simulation, which is correctly calibrated in perspective to the actual cameras and their platform kinematics (translation/pan-tilt). Such merged graphics- with-video design allows the system user to preview and modify the planned (`choreographed') viewing sequences. Further, during actual task execution, the system operator has available both the resulting optimized video sequence, as well as supplementary graphics views from arbitrary perspectives. IVC, including operator-interactive designation of robot task actions, is presented to the user as a well-integrated video-graphic single screen user interface allowing easy access to all relevant telerobot communication/command/control resources. We describe and show pictorial results of a preliminary IVC system implementation for telerobotic servicing of a satellite.


Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is a devastating disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which poses a significant threat to global rice production. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to identify candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BLB resistance genes. The study utilized 200 indica rice accessions inoculated with seven distinct Xoo isolates and filtered highly significant SNPs using a minor allele frequency (MAF) of >5% and a call rate of 75%. Four statistical models were used to explore potential SNPs associated with BLB resistance, resulting in the identification of 32 significant SNPs on chromosomes 1–8 and 12 in the rice genome. Additionally, 179 genes were located within ±100 kb of the SNP region, of which 49 were selected as candidate genes based on their known functions in plant defense mechanisms. Several candidate genes were identified, including two genes in the same linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay as the well-known BLB resistance gene (Xa1). These findings represent a valuable resource for conducting further functional studies and developing novel breeding strategies to enhance the crop's resistance to this disease.


The energy density of a conformally invariant scalar field around a cosmic string is estimated by the WKB method. This approach reproduces the precise value obtained by the other authors using the exact mode-sum method or the method of mirror images. The approximation is also in good agreement with the exact result in the three-dimensional case. We also evaluate the energy density of a conformally invariant scalar field around a global monopole by the same way and find the known result again.


Acentric films of 4-[trans-(pyridin-4-ylvinyl)] benzoic acid (PVBA) are grown on amorphous substrates by oblique incidence organic molecular beam deposition. The molecules in the bulk of the films show a preferential noncentrosymmetric in-plane orientation determined by the molecular beam direction. We investigate this symmetry-breaking mechanism by studying the structural and nonlinear optical properties of the films as a function of deposition conditions, with special focus on the molecular beam angle of incidence. The most pronounced preferential orientation of the molecules is found for an incident angle of 50±10 deg relative to the substrate normal.


The chain of seamonts known as the New England Seamonts was examined. Bathymetry from six cruises in this region was contoured and a discussion of errors provided. Remains of calcareous algae in rocks dredges from the tops of two of the seamounts indicate that the seamounts have subsided more than 4,000 feet. Isostatic adjustment of a small seamount does not explain the subsidence, therefore it is suggested that much of this subsidence might be attributed to squeezing-out of plastic sediment from beneath the base of the seamounts or possibly that the sedimentary apron from the continent has spread seaward and caused the continental slope to become depressed.


Abstract We consider a degenerate chemotaxis model with two-species and two-stimuli in dimension d ≥ 3 and find two critical curves intersecting at one point which separate the global existence and blow up of weak solutions to the problem. More precisely, above these curves (i.e. subcritical case), the problem admits a global weak solution obtained by the limits of strong solutions to an approximated system. Based on the second moment of solutions, initial data are constructed to make sure blow up occurs in finite time on and below these curves (i.e. critical and supercritical cases). In addition, the existence or non-existence of minimizers of free energy functional is discussed on the critical curves and the solutions exist globally in time if the size of initial data is small. We also investigate the crossing point between the critical lines in which a refined criteria in terms of the masses is given again to distinguish the dichotomy between global existence and blow up. We also show that the blow ups is simultaneous for both species.


We synthesized 4,4'-dinitrophenyl 1,1'-adipamide (DNPA) and studied optical second harmonic generation (SHG) in this organic material using the Kurtz method. The experimental analysis of SHG was made for a range of particle size of DNPA. It was observed that DNPA is nearly three times more SHG active than urea. It was also found that the compound is non-phasematchable and did not show any optical degradation for about an year when kept in ambient atmosphere.


We have used rocket-borne photometers to determine the ultra-violet flux of the full moon in the wavelength range 2400-2900A where atmospheric ozone prevents ground-based observations. The lunar fluxes determined in two rocket firings from Woomera on 9th December, 1965, and 30th August, 1966, are summarized in the Table. The results for the two firings have been corrected to full moon values on the assumption that the lunar phase law is the same at these ultra-violet wavelengths as it is in the visible.


This issue of the journal is a special issue that features articles that began life as contributions to the Socio-legal Studies Association Annual Conference in Liverpool, held in April 2005. We wanted to include articles that reflected the lively and diverse range of interests that is so typical of the SLSA and that was well represented at the 2005 conference. These papers do that. They range from a concern with the place of the child within legal cultures to the position of children and young people within current public policy approaches. Our first paper, by Caroline Sawyer of Oxford Brookes University, offers an informative comparison between the legal status of children in family law proceedings and such status in other areas of law. Interestingly, she suggests that children may be better off in some respects within some areas of the law than they are within those areas of the law – family law and human rights law – that have seen most efforts to promote the position of children. In this sense, at least, an increased interest in the welfare of children does not necessarily enhance their legal rights. Our second paper, by Judith Masson of the University of Bristol, considers the use of Emergency Protection Orders in child protection cases. In particular, she focuses attention on the interaction between these orders and articles six and eight of the European Convention on Human Rights (entitlement to a fair and public hearing and the right to respect for family and private life, respectively). She is concerned with the ways in which local authorities deal with the complexities of EPO requirements by, for example, using short notice applications and powers of police protection. As a result of such strategies, the reality of human rights protection within these contexts, suggests Masson, falls far short of the ideal. In our third article, Stephanie Petrie (University of Liverpool) provides, along with Lisa Fiorelli and Katie O'Donnell, an unusual and thought-provoking insight into the manner in which young people can be involved in research projects in ways which conform to prevailing legislative and policy ideas with respect to the participation of young people in decision-making processes. An emphasis on such participation has been an inconsistent feature of social policy debates for a long time now. By writing at least partly from the perspective of peer researchers, the authors are able to offer a rare degree of insight into how such participation is experienced. It is clear that, despite its undoubted benefits for some research projects, such participation can bring complications for both projects and researchers. Finally, Anne-Marie Martindale (University of Liverpool) widens the focus on policy even further by examining the operation of the Children's Fund within a local area. Part of a wide range of New Labour initiatives focussing on child welfare, the Children's Fund has significant implications for local action. Its impact at local level is the ultimate determinant of long-term success or failure. In Martindale's analysis, Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law Vol. 28, No. 1, March 2006, pp. iii–vii


The design of a wavefront sensor may be determined by the lenslet array and camera selection. There are numerous different applications for these sensors, requiring widely differing dynamic range and accuracy. Performance metrics are needed to evaluate candidate designs and to compare results. We have developed a standard methodology for measuring the repeatability, accuracy and dynamic range of different wavefront sensor designs, and have experimentally applied these metrics to a number of different sensors.


clés frontières, traversées, exils, transnationaux, esthétiques, quêtes identitaires, filiations, hybridité. In today's postcolonial, global world, a number of films question borders and explore the related themes of itinerancy, migration and (de)territorialization. Rooted in personal experiences, they cross spatio-temporal and filmic lines while weaving new filiations and asserting a polymorphic African presence in the world. and therefore to the very principle of " crossing" in all its variations. These cinemas are connected to each other through the notion of " Liberation Cinema", as a category that is at once historical and aesthetic, political. of her cinema. She deconstructs family secrets and national lies, illustrating how the personal, and artistic, is political. The subjectivization of the historical narrative restores a plurality of perspectives that enriches the conventional tale. nouvelles The films of the "double wave" question the family environment to tell a wider story. The article shows lives transformed by screens and has them comment on the reverse journeys (from France to Africa) undertaken by new generations in response to the migration of their parents. These films cross borders, questioning cultural heritage and transmission by reclaiming a voice beyond the language barrier. rights in both life and death. Benrezzzak's authorial method is an innovative blending of the autobiographical and performative, of fiction and documentary. This essay looks at Nigerian video film production in Europe and analyses the different production and marketing strategies in various countries. Although Nollywood has worked as a brand to gain recognition, the position toward the industry in Nigeria is ambiguous, caught as they are between Europe and Nigeria in terms of audience, style, production value and distribution strategy. Their in-betweeness is both a strength and a weakness. as of and


Abstract In the central North Atlantic Ocean there are large decadal-scale fluctuations of sea level and of the depth of the thermocline. This variability can be explained by low-frequency Rossby waves forced by wind. The authors have used a simple model of ocean fluctuations driven by the COADS wind-stress curl and find that their model results and hydrographic data, to the limited extent they can be compared meaningfully, agree rather well. The variation in wind curl over the ocean leads to surprisingly large north–south variability in the computed oceanic response over the subtropical gyre. The peak-to-peak sea level differences are as great as 20 cm and persist for many years. These large variations could induce major errors in calculations of the mean ocean flow when hydrographic sections from many years are combined. It appears possible, however, to correct for these wind-induced effects to allow the lower-frequency signals to be determined. The westernmost edge of our oceanic calculations is at the...


In this paper, we propose and implement WalkieLokie, a novel acoustic-based relative positioning system. WalkieLokie facilitates a multitude of Augmented Reality (AR) applications: users with smart devices can passively acquire surrounding information in real time, similar to the commercial AR system Wikitude; the surrounding presenters, who want to share information or introduce themselves, can actively launch the function on demand. The key rational of WalkieLokie is that a user can perceive a series of spatial-related acoustic signals emitted from a presenter, which depicts the relation position between the user and the presenter. The proliferation of smart devices, together with the cheap accessory (e.g., dummy speaker) embedded in daily used items (e.g., smart clothes), paves the way for WalkieLokie applications. We design a novel algorithm to estimate the position and signal processing methods to support accurate positioning. The experiment results show that the mean error of ranging and direction estimation is 0.63m and 2.46 degrees respectively. Extensive experiments conducted in noisy environments validate the robustness of WalkieLokie.


With the appearance of the present volume The Third Force in psychology comes of age. Maslow's work represents a tract for the times in which the game of "follow the leader," instituted by some of the narrower devotees of a S-R psychology, need no longer be the only professional game to be played. As Bruner (1) has put it, "the lock step of learning theory in this country has been broken. though it is still the standard village dance." (p. 8). Maslow's volume represents a major contribution towards the breaking of that lock step and let us hope that hindsight, in the next decade or so, will indicate that the village dance was, after all, only the result of a limited repertoire. The outline of the contents of Maslow's volume will provide the reader with a rough orientation to its scope. It consists of six parts bearing the following titles: A Larger Jurisdiction for Psychology, Growth and Motivation; Growth and Cognition; Creativeness; Valties; and Future Tasks. The material consists largely of revisions of the many important papers the author published in recent years but with an organization and approach masterful enough to provide the stimulus quality and organic continuity which the subject deserves. The themes which Maslow expertly handles in this volume are of major importance. They include a treatment of the relation of psychology to existentialism; the contrast of D-motivation and B-motivation and D-cognition and B-cognition; l some dangers of Bcognition; cognition in the peak experiences; the rubricizing view of the world characteristic of D-cognizers, which means over 99 per cent of us; the meaning of self-actualization and its many defining characteristics; the nature of creativity among self-actualizers; and a whole cluster of considerations centering about problems of value. Among these latter are an examination of experimental data on the role which values play in behavior; the relationships among values, growth and mental health; and mental health as reflected through individual transcendence of the environment (resistance to enculturation, autonomy, etc.). This reviewer would be hard put to con-


The editors of the journal conclude this issue with a call to action. We call on those who do the work of PDS to reflect on and examine how we can better engage all three groups of stakeholders – university, school, and community – to better serve students at all levels. Creation of third spaces focused on engaging the community and advocacy efforts that advance the profession are essential to strengthening Professional Development Schools and Systems. It is in these spaces and communities where we see partnerships continue to move towards mutually beneficial action.


The effect was studied of the lipophilic extract from Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites rhizome on the seed germination and seedling growth of the invasive plant, Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle during September–November 2012 using five different extract concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg.mL -1 ). The results revealed that 1 wk after transplanting, the extract had an effect on the seed germination and on seedling growth and characteristics. When the concentration was increased, the shoot and root length decreased significantly (P < 0.05) Thin layer chromatography screening and preliminary testing and detection using different specific reagents showed the presence of terpenoids, phenolic compounds, coumarin, alkaloids and C-glycoside in the extract.


F1 hybrids were obtained between two coffee species with the same chromosome number (2n = 22) but with different nuclear DNA contents (C. pseudozanguebariae (PSE) 2C = 1.13 pg and C. liberica dewevrei (DEW) 2C = 1.42 pg). Hybrids of second generation were obtained by open-pollination of the F1 hybrids. Genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) and flow cytometry were used on 6 F1 hybrids and 7 hybrids of second generation in order to determine their parental chromosomic contribution and their nuclear DNA content (qDNA), respectively. GISH efficiently identified chromosomes from both species. F1 hybrids had qDNA intermediate between the parental species and contained 11 chromosomes from each species as expected. There was a linear relationship between the number of PSE chromosomes and the nuclear DNA content. This result allows flow cytometry to give a rough estimate of the parental chromosomic contribution in coffee interspecific hybrids. (Texte integral)


The objective of this article was to identify the factors that influence citizens who use digital media to inform and interest on political issues or phenomena in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. In this study, it selected a database of 1,077 respondents collected by the State Electoral Commission in 2018, and performed a logit-type discrete binary election model. False news (fake news) broadcast on social media, specifically Facebook and Twitter, was found to have a significant impact on citizen decision-making regarding political issues. Likewise, it was determined that the factors that most influence electoral decisions or behaviors are age, marital status, religion and schooling.


A consistent research finding in creativity research has been the tendency of poets—especially female poets—to suffer from mental illness. We explore (a) Why poets? and (b) Why female poets? We posit that poetry may attract those with a predisposition toward illness, the domain of poetry may particularly reward those who exhibit illness, and unusual aspects of the domain of poetry writing may increase the likelihood of poets succumbing to illness. These domain-specific aspects of writing poetry affect men and women alike. In addition, the greater difficulty that women tend to experience in ignoring extrinsic motivational constraints may cause successful female poets to have an even higher incidence of psychological stress, and of mental illness, than male poets.


This paper gives an overview of the objectives and current research activities on interference avoidance in the EC funded research project ARTIST4G. It is the main objective of the ARTIST4G Work Package 1 (WP1), to build forward on the 3GPP LTE Release 8 baseline, proposing a novel fair mobile broadband technological framework in which to design innovative, practical, scalable and cost-effective interference avoidance solutions. This paper provides an overview of the fundamental classes of innovations studied in ARTIST4G Work Package 1 (WP1) and presents some performance results obtained by means of numerical simulations and test-bed measurements run in the field.


In addition to their study of foreign introductions, plant scientists at the plant materials center keep a sharp lookout for promising strains of native species. These are brought to the center and propagated either by seed or vegetatively. The increases thus obtained are finally . field tested in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service to see how they will respond under actual field conditions.


Fruit development in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. involves a succession of physiological and biochemical changes reflecting the transcriptional modulation of thousands of genes. Although recent studies have investigated the dynamic transcriptomic responses during fruit ripening in L. ruthenicum, most have been limited in scope, and thus systematic data representing the structural genes and transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis are lacking. In this study, the transcriptomes of three ripening stages associated with anthocyanin accumulation, including S1 (green ripeness stage), S2 (skin color change) and S3 (complete ripeness stage) in L. ruthenicum were investigated using Illumina sequencing. Of a total of 43,573 assembled unigenes, 12,734 were differentially expressed during fruit ripening in L. ruthenicum. Twenty-five significantly differentially expressed structural genes (including PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'H, F3'5'H, DFR, ANS and UFGT) were identified that might be associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, several transcription factors, including MYB, bHLH, WD40, NAC, WRKY, bZIP and MADS, were correlated with the structural genes, implying their important interaction with anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Our findings provide insight into anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation patterns in L. ruthenicum and offer a systematic basis for elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing anthocyanin biosynthesis in L. ruthenicum.


This study investigated the antiquarian-form incense burners(古銅器形 香爐) the Joseon Royal Court. They were imitated the ancient bronze ware in China. They were first produced in the Goryeo period. During the Goryeo Dynasty, a variety of incense burners in addition to the antiquarian-form ones were used. Ever since the antiquarianform incense burners were chosen by the Joseon Royal Court, they were widely spread across the nation. In this sense, the Joseon Royal Court is very significant in a study of incense burners during the Joseon period. In the Joseon Royal Court, incense burners were used for diverse purposes. Especially, they were particularly important during rituals. At the Jongmyo Jerye(宗廟祭禮), or Jongmyo Royal Ancestral Ritual, incense burners were used as a critical means to enshrine deities. They were also used during the King's Parade or rituals to enhance the king's dignity and authority. They made the space around the king sacred, having the ritual performed solemnly. The incense burners of the Royal Court can be divided into Ding-form incense burners(鼎形香爐), Li-form incense burners(?形香爐) and dragon-decorated incense burners(龍香爐). Among them, Li-form ones account for the greatest number. Among the incense burners of the Royal Court, dragon-decorated ones are most unique. With the dragon in 'Daemyeongjiprye(大明集禮)' as a motive, Joseon's unique dragon-decorated incense burners were created. In addition, a dragon's face was further emphasized to express the Royal Court's dignity and authority visually. So far, most studies on incense burners have focused on the Buddhist incense burners during the Korean Three Kingdoms period and Goryeo period. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that it unveiled the use of diverse antiquarian-form incense burners by the Joseon Royal Court.


The aim of this work is to reduce the amount of computational cost when monitoring the state of critical infrastructure objects using flying mobile robots equipped with correlation-extreme navigation system, based on minimizing the number of fragments of reference images. The goal is achieved by establishing a minimum permissible degree of correlation between the individual images, which form a set of reference images. The most essential result is substantiation of the approach to formation of a set of selective images based on scene correlation analysis and sufficiency of conservation of correlation connection of images in limits 0.6 ... 0.7. This reduces the amount of computation and extends the operating time of mobile robots while maintaining accuracy. The significance of the obtained results consists in the possibility of solving a complex task of forming a set of reference images, depending on the information content and stochastic conditions of sighting of critical infrastructure objects. The solution of this task will increase efficiency of critical infrastructure objects state control due to optimization of reference images number used in the monitoring process, increase operability, and provide high control reliability in stochastic sighting conditions. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the method of process formalized description of forming a reference images set to ensure reliable monitoring of critical infrastructure facilities using flying mobile robots for various sectors of the economy, the practical application of which will ensure reliable control and their condition assessment.


The newly synthesized polymer, bisphenol A-aldehyde resin (BPA-resin) has many unique thermo-optical characteristics. The polymer has high transparency, relatively high refractive index, low birefringence, and large thermo-optics coefficient at the optical telecommunication wavelengths. Also, the single-mode channel waveguides have been fabricated using BPA-resin polymer. The experimental results show, that the polymer waveguide has a low propagation loss of 0.43 and 0.51 dB/cm at a wavelength of 1.31 and 1.55 μm, respectively, for both TE and TM polarizations. The low polarization dependence loss (PDL) of the waveguide was less than 0.1 dB/cm at above wavelengths, which can be applied in thermal-optical tuned devices.


With the recent launch of the first Galileo test satellite GIOVE-A, Europe made the first really important step towards the so-called global navigation satellite system, which is already represented by the GPS and the GLONASS systems. In this context, the co-operation of these systems from the receiver point of view is going to ask the market for providing a user terminal able to deal with different signals. To achieve this target, a possible way forward goes through the study of dedicated signal processing algorithms based on software radio defined principles. The paper introduces the FPGA+DSP platform developed at the Politecnico di Torino, pointing out the advancements on the architecture design. Some results in terms of signal tracking performance are also presented and discussed


After creating network operation ports and virtual fault ports in a power system with network structure changes, a symmetrical network is connected to the network operation ports to simulate network structure changes,some symmetrical or unsymmetrical networks are connected to the virtual fault ports to simulate power system faults,and a model for calculating faults in power system with network structure changes is developed in sequence domain. By taking the network operation ports and the virtual fault ports as boundary ports, a faulted power system with network structure changes is divided into a symmetrical network part to simulate network structure changes, a symmetrical network part without faults and a group of simple unsymmetrical networks to simulate power system faults. Based on the compensation method and the superposition principle, a new method to calculate faults in power system with network structure changes is presented. The method has many advantages, such as being adaptive to network structure changes,avoiding complicated connections among sequence networks,having a unified method to solve simple and complex faults,having the same method to simulate faults on the lines with or without mutual inductance,being easy to constitute the mathematical model of simulation fault networks by computer.


Aims:  To investigate the potential predictive value of cathepsins B, D and K in a series of 51 adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas. While almost always benign, craniopharyngiomas exhibit a high propensity to recur postsurgically and biological markers are therefore needed to predict their recurrence. We have previously demonstrated the potential predictive value of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) (Lefranc et al., J. Neurosurg. 2003; 98; 145–153).


This paper presents a model of the beef sector of the Greek economy. Central to the model is the cattle inventory, the number of slaughterings, and the weight per animal. The model has been estimated with data for the period 1966-87. The behavior of this model is examined for the period ending in 1997 by means of simulation under the assumption that certain of the recent proposals for the reformulation of the CAP are adopted. Copyright 1993 by Oxford University Press.


Many future particle accelerators require hundreds of superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities operating with high duty factor. The large dynamic heat load of the cavities causes the cryogenic plant to make up a significant part of the overall cost of the facility. This contribution can be reduced by replacing standard niobium cavities with ones coated with a low-dissipation superconductor such as Nb3Sn. In this paper, we present results for single cell cavities coated with Nb3Sn at Cornell. Five coatings were carried out, showing that at 4.2 K, high Q0 out to medium fields was reproducible, resulting in an average quench field of 14 MV/m and an average 4.2 K Q0 at quench of 8 × 109. In each case, the peak surface magnetic field at quench was well above Hc1, showing that it is not a limiting field in these cavities. The coating with the best performance had a quench field of 17 MV/m, exceeding gradient requirements for state-of-the-art high duty factor SRF accelerators. It is also shown that—taking i...


Inexact dual certificates have become a staple of exact recovery studies in compressed sensing, particularly when dealing with structured measurements. Nonetheless, each time a new pair of sparsifying transform and measurement matrix is considered, the characteristics for identifying approximate certificate are re-derived, considering the particulars of whether the measurements are isotropic or the analysis operator is invertible or injective. This paper aims at describing a general recipe for supplying dual certificates that generalizes the existing ones in the literature while keeping constraints on the relevant linear operators to a minimum.


Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic triggered numerous challenges for the healthcare systems worldwide, particularly affecting the continuity of essential health services in low- and middle-income countries. We explored the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization and delivery of essential health services in Armenia. Methods We applied a conventional qualitative study design using semi-structured in-depth interviews (n = 17) in public and private primary healthcare (PHC) facilities in Armenia (2021). Participants included physicians providing primary health services (e.g. endocrinologists, gynecologists/obstetricians, and pediatricians), regular PHC facility patients (e.g. adults with chronic diseases, parents of children), and policymakers. Iterative thematic analysis was done based on inductively emerged 3 main themes: patient-provider communications, maternal and child health services, and management of chronic diseases. Results Overall, visits to the PHC facilities were decreased due to fear to contract COVID-19 coupled with lack of information, misinformation and panic. There was a lack of digital platforms for ensuring continuous patient-provider communication and phone calls were the main way of communication. PHC providers intentionally limited the number of maternal and child visits to only essential antenatal visits, newborn screenings and routine child immunizations. Still, the latter has suffered resulting in delayed and decreased vaccinations. The pandemic remarkably decreased the number of follow-up visits and monitoring of patients with chronic conditions resulting in more critical and severe conditions. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic affected the provision and utilization of essential health services at PHC facilities by changing people's health-seeking behavior. Unified national-level guidance for PHC facilities is needed to direct the provision of essential services, effective health communication and usage of digital platforms. Key messages • Though provider encounters should be limited during outbreaks, continuous provision of essential services is critical in the prevention of morbidity, complications and worsened disease severity. • Efforts are needed to develop effective health and risk communication strategies and enhance appropriate usage of digital platforms to promote adequate health-seeking behavior among the public.


At present, synthetic drugs form a major line of treatment in the management of many diseases and currently available as transdermal patches. Traditional medicine system is centuries old practice and again gaining importance. Hence, herbal products can be used to treat many diseases as transdermal patches. Neem leaves has antibacterial properties and can be used for controlling air borne bacterial contamination. Azadirachta Indica. A. Juss (neem) very useful traditional plant. The present study was carried out to extract, formulate and evaluate a transdermal patches containing Azadirachta indica A. Juss The total four Transdermal patches were prepared by solvent casting method and evaluated for physicochemical characteristics such as weight variation, thickness, drug content uniformity, folding endurance, In-vitro diffusion, ex-vivo permeation studies and anti-Bacterial screening test. The infrared spectroscopy showed that there was no incompatibility between drug and polymer. The In-vitro diffusion studies of Transdermal patches of Neem showed percentage of drug release from 65.2% to 92.06% at the end of 21hrs. The ex-vivo permeation study was carried out for optimized formulation (M2) using goat abdomen skin as barrier and showed percentage drug release 89.6% at the end of 21hrs. Release kinetics data showed that all the formulations followed zero order kinetics with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The anti-bacterial screening study showed good anti-bacterial activity against Bascillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and zone of Inhibition (ZOI) was compared against standard antibiotic drugs i.e. Penicillin and Streptomycin.


The analysis method is studied according to the characteristics of the samples during the procedures of measuring.For the sake of high quality infrared spectrum of the samples (e.g.plastic particle,color powder and liquid sample),attention should be paid to the pretreatment before measuring,the operation while measuring and the establishment of the instruments.The quality of the infrared spectrum have been a great improvement compared to the previous method.


Field studies of aerosol–cloud-dynamics interaction are presently in the focus of atmospheric research. Large uncertainties in weather and future-climate predictions arise from gaps in our knowledge of the detailed impact of aerosols on the evolution of liquid-water, mixed-phase and cirrus clouds. This unsatisfactory situation motivates the strong efforts presently undertaken to investigate formation and evolution of cloud layers and associated aerosol–cloud interactions. In this respect, several field campaigns took place in Cyprus region in the framework of BACCHUS project since 2015. Aerosol particles influence cloud evolution, lifetime, and cloud microphysical properties in two ways. Ground-based active remote sensing (Raman depolarization and Doppler lidar and radar observations) can be used to continuously monitor the evolution of clouds in their natural (aerosol) environment, at given meteorological conditions with high vertical and temporal resolution. New methods were developed to retrieve height profiles of aerosol particle backscatter, extinction, and mass concentration as well as of the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei and ice-nucleating particles (INPC). Furthermore, Doppler radar and lidar observations allow us to estimate the ice crystal number concentration (ICNC) in mixed-phase and ice clouds. Measurement examples and INPC vs ICNC closure studies will present. The case studies corroborate the usefulness of the new methods and their application to space-borne datasets.


The Internet - now synonymous with the web - is often used as a source for information, but it is a source with obvious problems having to do with quality. Searches that return relevant results are difficult to conduct. The evaluation of a web document's relevance and quality requires a great deal of effort from the user. Common sense and traditional methods for source evaluation are good to use as a start. However, the web also requires some technical knowledge. In this article we study the web as an information source, and look at some critical aspects of web documents and methods for evaluating the quality of web documents. A central theme in our reasoning is the interconnection of publication techniques, quality, and retrieval. In conclusion we give some advice for the quality evaluation process.