In this study we examined the applicability of the NEHRP soil classification which is based on the VS,30 parameter and the corresponding Fa and Fv factors to correct acceleration response spectra for local site classification. We calculated acceleration response spectra (10% in 50 years) for more than 1900 sites across Israel. Computations were made for hard rock conditions and for the actual site conditions, while considering nonlinear response of the soils. Based on synthetic acceleration response spectra of real sites (using stochastic procedures), it is concluded that generalizing site classification and consequently, amplification, by means of a single parameter VS, 30 is not recommended. The geology of Israel is complex and may vary significantly over short distances. Sites of similar class, show different soil effects both in shape, amplitude and in frequency. In many cases there is no correlation between amplification and VS, and in other cases, the scatter is unacceptably high.


Source depositional environment helps explain why large volumes of high-sulfur oil and gas were generated by the Upper Jurassic Smackover Formation. Smackover hydrocarbons may remain undiscovered in the Gulf Coast, Gulf of Mexico shelf, and in deep-water of the slope (e.g., DeSoto Canyon). The Smackover source rock was deposited in shallow seas adjacent to a vast belt of near-equatorial deserts. The shallow water of the adjacent Smackover Sea was restricted, anoxic, and density-stratified because of high rates of evaporation. Gypsum precipitated in the water column. In this extreme environment, few species of hydrogen-rich algae and microbes bloomed and died at close intervals. Periodically-spaced laminations with high total organic carbon (as much as 60%) are intimately associated with catalytic clays and reactive sulfate that generated high-sulfur oil early, as at Toxey Field. Later during deep burial, thermochemical sulfate reduction drove oxidation of hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide. An extreme example is gas from Black Creek Field with 78% hydrogen sulfide, 20% carbon dioxide, 1.5% methane, and 0.5% nitrogen at relatively low temperature. Specific areas of source rock show much higher generative potential than the mean, explaining why roughly 1 billion barrels of oil equivalent is concentrated in a small area near Jay Field. Can we predict where the best source rock was deposited and where hydrocarbons may be preserved?


Work-family relations have attracted growing interest from organizational researchers. This attention has generally been directed to one of two areas. First, many organizational researchers have been interested in understanding employers' practices, particularly in the area of work-family policy adoption and implementation. A second literature focuses on employees' attitudes and behavior regarding work and family. Though this research has revealed that many workers desire change and that employers have grown increasingly willing to accommodate it, we know very little about alternative ways of organizing work and their consequences for work-family relations.


Abstract
This research aims to test the influence of corporate governance and fundamental factor against the return of stock. The population of this research are companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange of the year 2013-2015, whereas the sample in this research as much as 18 companies. Method of determination of the sample used is purposive sampling. Data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that variable institutional ownership, the audit committee and the price to book value a positive effect against the return of the shares, whereas variables of the independent Commissioners, managerial ownership, debt to equity ratio, price earning ratio, and earning per share has no effect against the return of shares.

Keywords: Institutional Ownership, Stock Return, The Audit Committee, The Independent Commissioner, Managerial Ownership, Debt to Equity Ratio, Price Earning Ratio, Earning Per Share, Price to Book Value.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh corporate governance dan faktor fundamental terhadap return saham. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesi dari tahun 2013-2015, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 18 perusahaan. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa variabel kepemilikan institusional, komite audit dan price to book value berpengaruh positif terhadap return saham, sedangkan variabel komisaris independen, kepemilikan manajerial, debt to equity ratio, price earning ratio, dan earning per share tidak berpengaruh terhadap return saham.

Kata Kunci: Return Saham, Kepemilikan Institusional, Komite Audit, Komisaris Independen, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Debt to Equity Ratio, Price Earning Ratio, Earning Per Share, Price to Book Value.


Various optimization problems for linear parabolic systems with multiple constant time lags are considered. In this paper, we consider an optimal distributed control problem for a linear complex parabolic system in which different multiple constant time lags appear both in the state equation and in the Neumann boundary condition. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique solution of the parabolic time lag equation with the Neumann boundary condition are proved. The time horizon T is fixed. Making use of the Lions scheme [13], necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality for the Neumann problem with the quadratic performance functional with pointwise observation of the state and constrained control are derived. The example of application is also provided.


Abstract : The Islamic Republic of Iran remains defiant to the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1696 which demands that "Iran suspend all nuclear enrichment-related and reprocessing activities, including research and development." Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has repeatedly said that Iran's nuclear activities are for peaceful purposes and that, as a sovereign country, Iran has the right to pursue nuclear energy. President Ahmadinejad stated Iran would not stop its nuclear program despite the threat of increasing isolation and international sanctions. Iran has been given numerous opportunities and deadlines to prove to the international community that its nuclear production actions are legitimate according to international laws, treaties, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Yet, Iran has barred all inspection efforts by the IAEA. This defiance of international norms in connection with the possible acquisition of nuclear weapons represents a threat to the interests of the United States and its allies and friends in the region. Many have offered numerous ways to rectify this problem, including regime change through supporting Iranian opposition groups and conducting limited air strikes on Iran's nuclear production facilities. However, there is no guarantee that these actions will bring about the immediate and long-standing result that is required. Perhaps the wisest thing for strategists and planners to do before embarking upon any course of action towards Iran is to analyze Iran's complex political system to understand the functionality of the government's policy decision-making process. This may help them identify better ways of influencing the Iranian regime to change its policy toward nuclear activities and to abide by United Nations Security Resolutions. However, the challenge to understand the Iranian government's decision-making process is formidable and will demand that policy makers move beyond strategic ethnocentrism.


The aim of the present study is to gain insight into how parent meetings were designed, so that a positive effect on the stimulating and supportive behavior of coaches could be expected. A condition to achieve this is that coaches carry out activities to 1) develop a positive attitude among parents, 2) experience social influence among parents, 3) increase parental self-efficiency, 4) educate the parents relevant competencies and 5) to eliminate possible barriers. Eleven coaches and thirteen parents have been interviewed during 2011. The interviews and observations showed that the coaches at parent meetings performed various activities that influenced the stimulating and supportive behavior of parents. Many of these activities match with the principles of VVE Thuis. Interestingly, in some locations, the coaches gave no or too little information and in certain locations, the coaches didn't practice the intended behavior with the parents. The expectation is that these parents will not develop a positive attitude and have a lack of competencies, so that probably no change in behavior will occur among these parents. A recommendation could be to give the coaches a training. Sleutelwoorden – VVE Thuis, gezinsgericht programma, ouderbijeenkomsten, ondersteunenden stimulerend gedrag, ASE-model


BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) have been reported to improve wound healing. However, type I collagen secreted by ADMSCs will contribute to scar formation. Therefore, inhibiting type 1,25 (OH)2D3对脂肪干细胞分泌I型胶原的影响 实验材料: 吸脂术吸 弃的脂肪 组织。 细胞获取: 胶原酶消化法 分离培养脂肪 干细胞并予以 鉴定。 实验分组: (1)将 1,25 (OH)2D3以 0,10, 10,10,10mol/L 对脂肪干 细胞进行干预; (2)选取抑制I型胶原分泌的最佳 浓度,在 1,25(OH)2D3干预基础 上加入SMAD3抑制剂SIS3对脂 肪间充质干细胞进行干预。 检测指标: (1)细胞培养上清 中I型胶原水平; (2)细胞内SMAD3 的mRNA 和蛋白 表达。 实验结论: 1,25(OH)2D3 可通过上调 SMAD3 活性 抑制脂肪干 细胞的I型 胶原分泌。 Zhai M, Hu XG, Liu HL, Xu SQ, Wang Z, Zhang WJ. Effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on type I collagen secretion in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and its mechanism. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu.2018;22(9):1370-1375. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0466 P.O. Box 10002, Shenyang 110180 www.CRTER.org 1371 I collagen secretion from ADMSCs will strengthen its clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on secretion of type I collagen by ADMSCs and its mechanism. METHODS: Human ADMSCs were isolated by collagenase digestion, and identified by flow cytometry. ADMSCs at passage 4 were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing different concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 (10, 10, 10, 10 and 0 mol/L) respectively for 4 days. Then, the concentration of type I collagen in cell supernatant was measured by ELISA. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of Smad3 at mRNA and protein levels and phosphorylated protein Smad3 level in ADMSCs cultured with and without 1,25(OH)2D3. To analyze the contribution of Smad3 to the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3, Smad3 inhibitor was added to culture medium 30 minutes before adding 1,25(OH)2D3, and type I collagen in cell supernatant was detected by ELISA at 4 days after addition of SMAD3 inhibitor. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the secretion of type I collagen by ADMSCs in a dose-dependent manner. The results of real-time PCR and western blot showed that the expression of Smad3 was upregulated by 1,25(OH)2D3, and the results of western blot showed that the phosphorylated Smad3 protein level in ADMSCs was significantly increased by 1,25(OH)2D3. Moreover, the inhibition of type I collagen secretion by 1,25(OH)2D3 could be blocked by Smad3 inhibitor. These results indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 can inhibit the secretion of type I collagen from ADMSCs by up-regulating the expression of Smad3. Subject headings: Adipose Tissue; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Calcitriol; Collagen Type I; Smad3 Protein; Tissue Engineering Funding: the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81370873, 81402451; the Talent Youth Plan of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2015-QNYC-B-06


Then when the dissolved mixture of polymer B and the organic solvent other than the polyamide 1010 resin and which form an emulsion in the system to phase separate into two phases on the solution containing as a main component the solution phase and the polymer B as a main component a polyamide 1010 resin in the production of polyamide 1010 resin particles that is brought into contact with a poor solvent for the polyamide 1010 resin to precipitate a polyamide 1010 resin, having a high crystallinity by carrying out the formation of the emulsion at a temperature above 100 ℃, sphericity is high poly it is possible to obtain the amide 1010 particles.


This is a serious problem that "Information overload" doesn't let agriculturalusers selecttheirInterested information in big data era,while this is a good way to solve that with personalized recommendation system.The paper is expoundedthe need for big data's self-organized regional push,and elaborated several current key technologies,which consist of user modeling,recommendation item modeling and recommendation algorithm.In the last,some question tries to be discussed of recommendation system's key,difficult and hot issues in the future.


This paper discusses that the ornamental fruit trees around Nanjing City are very important because their fruits have been food for birds,especially in winter,and attract more birds to settle down.It also shows that urban biodiversity can be greatly increased when ornamental fruit trees are used better in landscape design.


First analyzes the shortcoming of the traditional estimating method for the linear consumption function.Then introduces the method of nonparametric kernel estimator and regression for random variable.Finally,based on the data coming from the comsumption of China urban household in 2004,makes living analysis with nonparametric method.It is found that the result of the kernel estimator regressive is better than that of the linear regressive estimator.


Based on the theories and analytical methods of emergy,and adopting the indices such as net energy yield ratio,environmental loading ratio,energy density,energy consumption per capita,production cost ratio,sustainability index,system stability index,and dominance index,an analysis was made on the emergy structure of agro-ecoeconomic system in the reclamation area of Heilongjiang in 2002-2011.In the study area,all the indices mentioned above were maintained at a high level,the investment in industrial auxiliary energy was increased substantially,the production capacity of agroecosystem was continued to enhance,and the economic development level and the workers' living standards were improved significantly.However,these improvements also induced the decline of agroecosystem sustainability,the irrational planting structure,and the low energy efficiency issues,which should be solved in the future development.


DOCUMENT RESUME CG 005 404 Samuels, Arthur S. The Use of Inter-Racial Group Experience for the Reduction of Racial Tension. Tulane Univ. of Louisiana, New Orleans. [68] 19p. Arthur S. Samuels, Associate Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1524 Aline Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115 EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC Not Available from EDRS. *Cross Cultural Training, Culture Contact, Group Relations, *Interaction, Interaction Process Analysis, Interpersonal Competence, Interpersonal Relationship, Per,,:,onal Growth, *Race Relations, *Sensitivity Training, T Groups, Therapy Fncounter groups, in which blacks and whites were brought together to reduce their mutual fear and hatred, are discussed. Major goals of the groups were: (1) to decrease isolation and separation between the races, thereby reducing distorted interracial conceptions; and (2) to help group members feel accepted as fellow human beings by members of both races. Group structure is considered on the basis of the author's experience. Such facets as recruitment, consistency, duration and content are included. The paper describes some of the major processes which occur in these complex groups. Among these are: (1) resistance to personal involvement; (2) dealing with the realities of community prejudice; (3) using personality differences as a means of undercutting racial separateness; (4) physical activity; and (5) the value of racial identity in the evolution of group. cohesiveness. The role of the group leader during various stages of the group was closely scrutinized. The paper concluded hopefully that what is learned in such groups might be extended to the community at large. (TL)


An asymptotic method of analysis the electrodynamic performance of an antenna consisting of a rectilinear thin wire bunch is proposed. The generalized Hallen-type integral equations describing the antenna are solved by the asymptotic expansion the desired functions of current in terms of powers of the small parameter.


Methanol masers at 6.7 GHz are the brightest of class II methanol masers and have been found exclusively towards massive star forming regions. These masers can thus be used as a unique tool to probe the early phases of massive star formation. We present here a study of the spectral energy distributions of 320 6.7 GHz methanol masers chosen from the MMB catalogue, which fall in the Hi-GAL range ($|l| \le 60^{\circ}$, $|b| \le 1^{\circ}$). The spectral energy distributions are constructed from $870 - 70~\mu$m using data from the ATLASGAL and Hi-GAL surveys. The emission from cold dust is modelled by a single grey body component fit. We estimate the clump properties such as mass, FIR luminosity and column density using the best fit parameters of the SED fits. Considering the Kauffman criteria for massive star formation, we find that all but a few maser hosts have the potential to harbour at least one high mass star. The physical properties of the methanol maser hosts are also discussed. The evolutionary stages of 6.7 GHz maser sources, explored using the mass luminosity diagram, suggests that they are predominantly associated with high mass stars with the majority being in the accretion phase. However, we observe a small number of sources that could possibly be related to intermediate or low-mass stars.


To manage the company's future growth, the relationship between companies and customers is important. This can be referred to as Customer Relationship Management (CRM). By applying the micro-segmentation process companies can succeed in this CRM process. Micro-segmentation is a breakdown into micro-segments of the entire data collection. The user can easily be deeply defined with this segmentation process. Demographic segmentation is a breakdown of the dataset based on the consumers' age, gender, etc. Behavior segmentation is diving the whole dataset based on customers' behaviors. RFM analysis is a behavioral segmentation process based on consumer's behaviors. There is no exact way to precisely conduct micro-segmentation. Thus, this study proposed a new micro-segmentation process. That is applying demographic segmentation with the support of the RFM analysis. This method can easily determine the customers' behaviors accurately and deeply. Insurance companies offer different types of insurance and health insurance is the most critical insurance type for humans. By applying the proposed method in this research, health insurance companies can determine the policyholder's behaviors, claiming patterns, claiming chargers, and other information precisely. Furthermore, health insurance providers can effectively manage their claims using this knowledge.


The government of Burundi ratified this Organization of African Unity Charter on human rights on August 30, 1989; the government of Cameroon ratified it on September 18, 1989; and the government of Ghana ratified it on March 1, 1989. Relevant provisions of the Charter are reproduced in the Appendix to Annual Review of Population Law, Vol. 13, 1986 under section 410.


It is usually assumed that transpiration is regulated by two principal factors: (1) the relative humidity of the air, and (2) the degree of aperture of the stomata. Neither of these assumptions has been experimentally proved, though both of them are necessarily true, but it must be remembered that the factors referred to are not necessarily the only ones that govern the phenomena. The experiments hitherto made on (1) the effect of relative humidity are vitiated by want of precise knowledge as to the stomatal aperture during the course of the enquiry.


Abstract. Air-breathing hypersonic vehicles have capabilities of hypersonic speed and strong maneuvering, and thus pose a significant challenge to conventional tracking methodologies. To achieve desirable tracking performance for hypersonic targets, this paper investigates the problems related to measurement model design and tracking model mismatching. First, owing to the severe aerothermal effect of hypersonic motion, an infrared measurement model in near space is designed and analyzed based on target infrared radiation and an atmospheric model. Second, using information from infrared sensors, a composite tracking algorithm is proposed via a combination of the interactive multiple models (IMM) algorithm, fitting dynamics model, and strong tracking filter. During the procedure, the IMMs algorithm generates tracking data to establish a fitting dynamics model of the target. Then, the strong tracking unscented Kalman filter is employed to estimate the target states for suppressing the impact of target maneuvers. Simulations are performed to verify the feasibility of the presented composite tracking algorithm. The results demonstrate that the designed infrared measurement model effectively and continuously observes hypersonic vehicles, and the proposed composite tracking algorithm accurately and stably tracks these targets.


This invention relates to a method for preparing triisopropyl benzene by ionic liquid catalysis. The method comprises: (1) performing alkylation reaction on benzene by using composite ionic liquid catalyst of alkylamine/pyridine-containing hydrogen halide as cation and metal halide as anion to obtain a mixture of homo-triisopropyl benzene, meta-triisopropyl benzene and ionic liquid; (2) adding halogenated alkane with alkyl chain longer than propyl benzene with high boiling point. Therefore, the content of meta-triisopropyl benzene is largely decreased, the reaction selectivity is up to 90%, and the purity of homo-triisopropyl benzene is higher than 99%. The method has such advantages as simple process, and abundant raw materials.


Thanks is expressed to the B.C. Science Council and AMAX of Canada Ltd., who are jointly funding my research, and to my adviser Dr. L.M. Lavkulich for his support. Thanks is also expressed to Rick Ki11am of AMAX and Dr. J.T. Thirgood of the Forestry Faculty, University of British Columbia, for reviewing earlier drafts of the paper. Many individuals contributed to the research results discussed. They include Peter Campbell, Grant Sutherland, Terry Maclean, and members of the Pedology and Oceanography Labs at the University of British Columbia.


We present an algorithm for completely replaying previous problem solving experiences for plan-space planners. In our approach not only the solution trace is replayed, but also the explanations of failed attempts made by the first-principle planner. In this way, the capability of refitting previous solutions into new problems is improved.


We report results from our Numerical Spectral Model (NSM) that incorporates Hines' parameterization for small‐scale gravity waves (GW). The NSM generates non‐migrating tides in the mesosphere having amplitudes comparable to those observed, and we demonstrate that they arise from interactions between migrating tides and planetary waves (PW). We examine this mechanism for the large m = 0 diurnal tide, which was proposed to be generated with m = 1 PWs. The NSM is run for comparison without the zonal mean heat source, which suppresses the PWs that normally are excited by instabilities. The resulting amplitudes of the stationary tide are then negligibly small. When the time dependent GW momentum source for m = 0 is turned off, the stationary tide is significantly reduced. This indicates that, in the NSM, GWs play an important role in generating the nonlinear interactions between migrating tides and PWs that are necessary to produce the non‐migrating tides.


This study aimed at exploring the interest of youth, their participation and those factors which are impeding youth involvement in agriculture. This study was conducted in district Faisalabad of Punjab province. Total 432 respondents (aged between 15-29 years) were sampled from thirty-six villages of the study district. Respondents were interviewed through a face-to-face interview technique on an open-ended interview guide. Responses were analyzed through content analysis techniques. Findings of the study indicate that youth regarded the agriculture sector as non-profitable, hence they do not see them joining the agriculture sector as an occupation unless the government give it due attention. High cost of production, crashed marketing system, absence of farmer-friendly policies, environmental issues and lack of support and incentives for the youth were some issues distressing their interest in agriculture. This study recommends that to enhance the youth participation in agriculture, their socio-economic and cognitive limitations should be addressed on priority. Revoking the youth clubs and cooperatives especially in rural areas could be the viable option for the encouragement of youth. Moreover, the farmers' friendly policies are required to make agriculture a lucrative occupation for the youth.


The objective of the present investigation is to prepare and evaluate the sustained release matrix tablets of Diltiazem HCl using a natural polymer Gum kondagogu. Diltiazem HCl was formulated as sustained release matrix tablet formulations with natural polymer by employing pharmaceutically acceptable electrolytes. Electrolytes such as Sodium carbonate, Magnesium carbonate and Calcium carbonate were used at specific concentration, in various formulations. Total twelve formulations (DG1-DG12) were prepared by using different proportions of drug and Gum kondagogu (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2) with the aid of granulating fluids such as distilled water, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. From 12 formulations DG3, DG7 and DG11 were optimized based on results from physicochemical evaluation and drug release studies. These formulations have composition of 1:1.5 ratio of drug and Gum kondagogu & they have shown more than 95% drug release at 12 hours. Hence based on studies, formulation DG10 with drug and polymer with 1:1 ratio was selected for further studies by employing electrolytes in different concentrations. These electrolytes were employed to examine matrix swelling and gel properties. These were tested for release studies and to signify the influence of electrolytes type in sustaining the release of drug. Based on results the formulation DGE8 contains magnesium carbonate as electrolyte with 50 mg concentration was found to extend the drug release over extended period of time. The results signified that the drug released at a sustained rate, owing to differential swelling rate and matrix rigidity, and provides a uniform gel layer. INTRODUCTION: Oral route is the most preferred route for administration of drugs. Tablets are the most popular oral formulations available in the market and preferred by the patients and physicians alike. In long-term therapy for the treatment of chronic disease conditions, conventional formulations are required to be administered in multiple doses, and therefore have several disadvantages 1 . QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(11).4592-01 Article can be accessed online on: www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7 (11).4592-01 Controlled release (CR) tablet formulations are much desirable and preferred for such therapy because they offer better patient compliance, maintain uniform drug levels, reduce dose and side effects, and increase safety margin for high potency drugs 2 . Controlled release products are designed to maintain constant therapeutic plasma concentration of the drug within the therapeutic range of the drug over prolonged periods 3 . Matrix is defined as a well mixed composite of one or more drugs with gelling agent i.e. hydrophilic polymers 4 . Matrix technologies have often proven popular among the oral controlled drug delivery technologies because of their simplicity, ease in manufacturing, high level of reproducibility, stability of the raw


This Paper scrutinizes the meltdown recovery and fall of Indian securities with special reference to BSE SENSEX. The data consists of Monthly closing prices of BSE 30 Companies. The study period is divided into three sub-periods based on Pre-crisis (2004-2007), During Crisis (2008-2010) and finally Post Crisis (2011-2015). The study period is for 12 years from 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2015. The tools are used to attempt the objectives like Measure of dispersion namely Standard deviation and Coefficient of Variance to measure a risk of the individual stocks and Return. The study found that Indian stock market is affected by the financial crisis that reflected on individual industries.


Part 1 The development of school policies: the whole school approach to integration developing a whole school policy for special needs in primary schools moving from policy to practice changing the curriculum at Peers changing direction at Tile Hill Wood developing a network of support. Part 2 Special educational needs in the classroom: meeting special needs in mainstream classrooms how should we respond to individual needs? on being a support teacher support teaching - taking a closer look which model? six ways into support. Part 3 Staff development: INSET and the whole school approach launching SNAP in Coventry skills for successful support INSET issues and whole school policies concluding remarks.


A 2.4 V single supply pseudomorphic MODFET MMIC power amplifier has been developed for 1.9 GHz Japanese Personal Handy-phone System (PHS). The MMIC exhibits very low current of 146 mA and low adjacent channel leakage power ratio of 55 dBc at output power of 20.5 dBm and 2.4 V single supply.


After making a census of the literature of "subject librarians" from 2001 to 2011,this paper,by means of statistical analysis,makes an analysis of author distribution,total literature change,journal distribution and fund paper distribution,which in turn explores the status quo and future development of the studies of "subject librarians."


This contribution stems from a victimological consultancy carried out in favour of the relatives of desaparecidos of Italian nationality, in the legal proceedings at the Superior Court of Justice in Rome, whose verdict was reached on 27 January 2017. Thus, totally unprecedented forms of social cruelty have come to light, among which the deliberate use of sexual torture, kidnapping of children as spoils of war and death flights, with the ensuing phenomenon of desaparecidos (i.e. the disappeared). The analysis of testimonials and of the comparison with the legal sources placed in the case-files, has made it possible to collect a number of elements highlighting some peculiar characteristics of violence employed by Operation Condor. All this has made it possible to clarify the complex repressive system meant to entrap not only the dissidents but also the entire social body in the Southern Cone in Latin America, by means of a control system ruled by the political and military top ranks of the nations involved, under the vigilant direction of the Cia and of the US government.


Background and Purpose To clarify the role of elevated extracellular amino acid concentrations during ischemia on the cumulative neuronal damage after repeated cerebral ischemic insults, using a microdialysis technique we measured concentrations of the amino acids glutamate, glutamine, glycine, taurine, and γ-aminobutyric acid in the gerbil hippocampus over three 2-minute forebrain ischemic insults induced at 1-hour intervals. Methods Under light anesthesia, the bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded with aneurysm clips at 1-hour intervals. Samples were collected by microdialysis at 10-minute intervals, and the amino acid concentrations were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography system. Results During and immediately after the first ischemic insult, concentrations of glutamate, glycine, and taurine, but not glutamine, increased significantly. Glutamate and taurine concentrations rose again during the second and third ischemic insults, but the increases were smaller than those during the first insult. By contrast, glutamine concentrations increased slightly but significantly during the second and third ischemic insults. The extracellular concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid before the ischemic insults was below the level of detectability but increased markedly during each ischemic insult, with similar declines in the amounts released during later insults. Concentrations of all amino acids returned to baseline after 10 minutes of reperfusion and remained at baseline until the subsequent ischemic insult was induced. Conclusions It is well established that glutamate released during ischemia plays a crucial role in ischemia-induced neuronal death. However, the present results indicate that cumulative neuronal damage following sublethal ischemic insults is not caused by an exaggerated release of excitatory amino acids during subsequent ischemic insults but strongly suggest that increased intracellular reactions leading to cell death play a major role.


This study covers a design and implementation of a hand gesture-recognition capable device that can be geared to an IoT (Internet of Things) environment with household security, remote power control of appliance, indoor temperature monitoring, user's heart rate sensing and location positioning. Interactivity is realized through contactless hand gesture recognition whereby control over electrical apparatus is accomplished via simple hand signs and swipe for ON/OFF manipulation. Such operation modus is fitting for aged individuals who have ataxia or muscle incoordination. Activated by a server with value-added functions, all the intended manipulations can be invoked with a WWW browser or an Android APP. Our end user interface is targeting a wearable device with off-the-shelf wireless technology interconnecting legacy appliances for increased automation. Experiments show that our implementation achieves a successful recognition rate of over 96% on average. Hand gestures indicative of commands for different types of apparatus result in a promising IoT application that lends elegantly itself to a variety of fields in intelligent living space.


The reader of the contemporary Spanish novelist Jesus Maria Amilibia's Los fantasmas de barro (1978) is confronted with harsh and embittered social criticism of the economic deprivation, vengeance, hyprocrisy, broken families, cruel punishments, and man's inhumanity to his fellow human beings prevalent during the Franco era. Admittedly, this portrayal of Spain is all too typical of the postCivil War novel, beginning with Cela's La familia de Pascual Duarte (1942), and continuing through an enormous production of novelistic works in which the writers increasingly seek to express their personal views about society. Amilibia's work, however, is something more than a mere expose of the social ills of Spain and warrants unique importance because its structure and form complement the action and demonstrate in effect the basic underlying rites which function in a given society and manifest its value system.


We investigate strongly correlated spin-1 ultracold bosons with antiferromagnetic interactions in a cubic optical lattice, based on bosonic dynamical mean-field theory. Rich phase diagrams of the system are mapped out at both zero and finite temperature, and in particular the existence of a spin-singlet condensate is established. Interestingly, at finite temperature, we find that the superfluid can be heated into a Mott insulator with even (odd) filling via a first- (second-) order phase transition, analogous to the Pomeranchuk effect in $^{3}\mathrm{He}$. Moreover, for typical experimental setups, we estimate the critical temperature (entropy) for different ordered phases and our results suggest that direct experimental observation of these phases is promising.


Descriptive research to determine the employment trends of the Master of Science in Home Economics (MSIE) graduates. Thirty-four MSHE graduates of class 2017 to 2021 participated in the study by answering an online questionnaire during the first semester of the academic year 2021-2022. Interviews are also used as an alternative to gathering information. The profiling focused on MSHE graduates' identified variables. Findings showed that most MSHE graduates are permanent government teachers in junior high school and tertiary institutions and have either been promoted or transferred to a rank/position with tenure and higher level. Ten or 29.41% of MSHE graduates have been designated to various positions according to their skills and leadership potential. The top five helpful knowledge and skills were planning and organisation, use of technology, creativity, technical skills, soft skills, and communication.


Moving Theory into Practice assumes that the reader has a basic familiarity with imaging. An inexperienced librarian might be frustrated or confused at the amount of information presented and the terminology, familiar to readers of Kenney's previous writings but very different from Lee's straightforward style. To fill this void, a web tutorial, based on Kenney and Rieger 's workshops, is online at the Cornell University Library Preservation Department's Web page . The tutorial provides basic imaging information for a wide audience and will help those new to the field learn the basic imaging terms, background, and history. It is much easier to get a set of standards and simply apply them, but Moving Theory into Practice encourages librarians to think for themselves about what is best for their material and their institution. Armed with the knowledge in this book, librarians will understand better what tradeoffs they can make in quality to save money without crippling future possibilities for their project. They can also withstand the pressures of vendors and outside agents who might advise unsuitable techniques and systems. Any librarian who reads even a chapter or two of this book will become a powerful advocate of thoughtful digital imaging programs, increasingly important in the limited budgets and skeptical environment of the university today. Moving Theory into Practice strives for and attains the next level of digital imaging literacy.


The present invention discloses an in-vehicle electric telescopic platform, comprising a movable platform, folding stairway, and the motor speed reduction gear drive mechanism, movable platform connected by three high-strength rails with the rear end sides of the frame, folded boarding ladder provided in a side of the movable platform, motor speed reduction mechanism disposed within the frame at the rear end, the screw gear mechanism is provided in parallel on both sides of the movable platform. The electric power output of the motor speed reduction gear mechanism in combination with the central shaft is connected to both ends of the shaft respectively the power steering gear box connected to an input terminal, an output terminal of the power steering gear box is connected with the screw gear mechanism. Structure of the present invention is compact and easy to use. As a result of the electric drive mechanism, can achieve fast deployment and activities of the platform collapsed. Activity expanded platform pull out the folding boarding ladder provides a large, secure boarding platform for those who boarded the bus, were also facilitate rapid boarding boarding.


Phagocytosis is an essential aspect of immunity through pathogen internalization and digestion. At the phagosomal membrane, NADPH oxidase induces high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the phagosome 1. Despite the immunological importance of phagosomal ROS-mediated toxification, the exact ROS cocktail and production kinetics remain unclear due to the lack of methods to monitor the concentration of ROS in real time in the phagosome 2. Here, the possibility to monitor the kinetics of ROS production in individual phagosomes using fluorescent proteins biosensors through the monitoring of ROS-induced fluorescence properties variations will be exposed. The major challenge is to characterize the fluorescent protein reactivity towards the different phagosomal ROS. Consequently, we studied the sensibility of fluorescent proteins to those oxidant species in vitro. Important differences in fluorescence sensibility towards ROS have been determined, and a first set of protein biosensors have been selected. In a second step, strategies for targeting fluorescent proteins to specific locations in pathogenic cells are developed. Pathogenic (C.glabrata) and non-pathogenic (S.cerevisae) yeasts are used as models of internalizable cells. Stable transfection strategies are proposed for nuclear, cytosolic or cell-wall staining. In summary, we describe new directions to use fluorescent proteins as targetable, selective biosensors of ROS.


The purpose of this assignment is to be able to describe the function of the instructor as an encouragement during social studies in class 05 of SDN 045 in the city of Bengkulu . The type of research used in this study is qualitative. Research subjects are teachers and students of 05 SDN 045 Kota Bengkulu. The research instrument is self-researcher by using observation guideline, interview guide. Data collection techniques used observation, and interviews. The Data that has been obtained is analyzed through data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Validity of data using extension of observation, increasing persistence, triangulation of data, triangulation of source, triangulation technique, triangulation time. The result of the research shows that as a motivator in IPS learning, the teacher has (1) clarified the purpose of achievement, (2) Increased the student's interest, (3) Creating a fun atmosphere in learning, (4) Giving reasonable praise to every student's happiness, (5) Evaluate, (6) Comment on students' work results, (7) Create competition and cooperation. from the final results of the study concluded that the role of teachers as a motivator in IPS learning there are some that have been implemented and some have not been implemented, but in the use of learning methods and utilization of instructional media so that learning activities can be implemented more optimal. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Abstract Objectives. The aim of this study was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores obtained from the instrument Short Form (SF)-36 through the so-called SF-6D utilities, and those obtained from 15D, in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and to evaluate the consequences in estimation of quality adjusted life years (QALYs). Design. This was a sub-study of the Norwegian District Treatment of STEMI, in which patients with STEMI treated with tenecteplase, were randomized to early angioplasty or standard management (n = 266). HRQoL data were collected at all visits (0, 1, 3, 7 and 12 months). All patients with complete data were included (n = 248). Results. The score range was 0.33–1.0 for SF-6D and 0.49–1.0 for 15D. Mean utility scores from 15D were higher and had different distribution compared to scores from SF-6D. Mean QALY for the whole group was higher using 15D than SF-6D (0.89 vs. 0.77). The incremental number of QALYs with early angioplasty compared to standard treatment was 0.005 (95% CI: − 0.018 to 0.028) using SF-6D, and 0.004 (95% CI: − 0.010 to 0.018) using the 15D instrument. Conclusions. Choice of instrument may influence HRQoL scores, but not necessarily the gain in QALYs.


Esophageal self‐expandable metal stents and radiotherapy are valuable in combination for palliation and definitive treatment of esophageal cancer. However, risk of aortoesophageal fistula is significant in patients with evidence of malignant aortic invasion. Use of thoracic endovascular repair may represent an approach to early intervention in high‐risk patients.


This work has been supported by Grant AYA2010-21782-C03-02 from EMCI-Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion. MM holds an FI grant 2011FI_B 00081


The spectrum of the dayglow of Venus between 1250 and 1430 A has been measured by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter Ultraviolet Spectrometer. Four bands of the (14,v″) progression in the fourth positive system of carbon monoxide are identified and their excitation mechanism is shown to be fluorescent scattering of the solar Lyman alpha line. The (14,3) and (14,4) bands at 1317 and 1354 A are blended with the atomic oxygen 1304 and 1356 A lines. The (14,5) band at 1392 A is a prominent unblended spectral feature in the Venus dayglow. This identification provides an additional remote sensing technique to determine the density distribution of carbon monoxide in the upper atmosphere of Venus.


We propose a principle of superposition to describe protein-folding nuclei and explain an evolutional conservation of a field pattern specifying native-state structure.


Hybrid sterility is the major obstacle to the utilization of inter-subspecific heterosis in hybrid rice breeding. The S5 locus, composed of three adjacent genes ORF3, ORF4, and ORF5, plays a crucial role in regulating indica/japonica hybrids' female sterility. Through a series of crosses involving 38 parents, three alleles of S5, ORF3+ORF4−ORF5n, ORF3+ORF4+ORF5n, and ORF3−/ORF4−/ORF5n, all could be regarded as wide-compatibility alleles, and when crossed with indica or japonica rice, they all showed significantly high fertility. Then, in order to explore the genes' function, we further knocked out genes by using CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. Our results demonstrate that the ORF3+ was not just the protector in the killer-protector system, and knocking out ORF3 of the indica allele seriously affected the rice's normal development. We observed the concrete enhancing hybrid spikelet fertility from the crosses between the ORF4+ knockout japonica materials with indica varieties. By conducting the comparative RNA-Seq analysis of young spikelets, we found that the ORF4+/ORF4− could modulate the hybrid fertility by affecting the expressions of genes related to the function of the Golgi apparatus. This study indicated that knocking out the ORF4+ of the japonica allele or using the alleles carrying ORF5n would provide effective approaches to overcome indica/japonica hybrid female sterility in rice breeding.


Sir, Fraser, Seth, and Brown' claim by their title that, 'Clonidine is a better test of growth hormone deficiency than insulin hypoglycaemia.' This to me seems a rather important leap in logic from the data they present. The only point for diagnosing growth hormone deficiency is to select accurately those patients who may benefit from treatment with growth hormone. Therefore the best test of growth hormone deficiency, in terms of biochemical provocation tests, is the one which best discriminates between those children who will respond to treatment and those who won't. Simply obtaining higher values of growth hormone during the test are of little importance. The only way to clarify this point would be for all those children in whom there was a discrepancy between the clonidine and insulin tests to be submitted to a trial period of growth hormone treatment: using the response to this as the final arbiter would say which test was 'better'. The authors imply this in their final paragraph but I think even with this caveat the title of their paper is misleading. M A PREECE Department of Growth and Development, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WCIN IEH


Logic optimization is an integral part of digital circuit design. It reduces design area and power consumption, and quite often improves circuit delay as well. Redundancy removal is a key step in logic optimization, in which redundant connections in the circuit are determined and replaced by constant values 0 or 1. The resulting circuit is simplified, resulting in area and power savings. In this paper, we describe a redundancy removal approach for combinational circuits based on a combination of logic simulation and SAT. We show that this approach can handle large industrial-strength designs in a reasonable amount of CPU time.


Introduction: Approximately 50% of young people younger than 15 years old are victims of some type of traumatic injury in the orofacial region. Dentoalveolar traumas are among the biggest problems described in the dental literature. The indexes of violence in modern society, traffic accidents and extreme sports contribute to this type of injury. These traumatic episodes occurring in childhood or adolescence may lead to major issues such as psychosomatic disorders in patients, parents or guardians. Objective: To report the clinical history of a 9-year-old patient who sought dental service due to trauma caused to teeth #21 and 22 at hhr home. Methods: The patient was examined and subjected to periapical radiograph, confirming the avulsions. After anesthesia, the area was cleaned with saline solution and the alveolar clots removed. A gauze humidened in saline was used. Teeth were reimplanted and splint with polyester strips attatched with light-curing resin removed after 30 days. Endodontic treatment was conducted with change of calcium hydroxide for 90 days, after which the channels were closed. Results: The patient was clinically and radiographically monitored for 10 years with follow-up radiographs showing the teeth in the alveoli without root resorption. Conclusion: Dental reiplantation is an alternative treatment that should be done whenever possible, even if the prognosis is bad due to the time between the accident and treatment onset.


The objective of this study was to investigate, through laboratory and numerical investigations, the effectiveness of a pulsed air sparging system for remediation of groundwater contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) in a sandy aquifer. In laboratory experiments, air was pulsed into TCE source zone on a daily basis in order to remediate TCE-contaminated groundwater. Most dissolved TCE was removed at the end of experiments although its concentrations fluctuated due to the air pulsing. The measured gaseous phase TCE concentration increased whereas the aqueous phase TCE concentration decreased during air sparging pulses. Experimental data were assessed by using a numerical code STOMP (subsurface transport over multiphases) with some modification based on the TCE dissolution kinetics. The unmeasured residual TCE mass was predicted through numerical simulations. Results show that aqueous concentrations for TCE are still much higher than the maximum contaminant level in spite of successful removal of 95% of residual TCE. It may imply that it would be more appropriate to apply air sparging combined with other remediation technologies such as bioremediation for remediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater.


General nature of phenorhythms and peculiarities of phenophases of introduced lilacs, subject to their geographic origin and hydrothermal conditions, have been determined. Phenological development of most species includes all phenophases of vegetative and generative stages. Less stable species change dates and duration of phenophases, and reduce generative phases.


Delos provides a solution starting from the contract-making stage through to the issuing of the final award in case of arbitration. Why and how does Delos distinguish itself from existing options? How is the need for accessible and effective arbitration for disputes, in the EUR 0-10 million range particularly, addressed by Delos?


This study investigated the causes and effects of bullying on primary school pupils in Waterval village in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Qualitative method with purposive sampling was used as a subtype of non-probability sampling. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis which identifies and summarises message contents from respondents. Participants in the study were parents, teachers, community members and the pupils with the permission from their School Governing Board (SGB). The study found that it was difficult to know about cases of bullying at school as many of them were not reported. It was revealed that bullying affects school pupils' performance and concentration in class as many of them are traumatised. The study recommends that creation of awareness and providing a conducive environment for recreational activities at schools and community, while encouraging and rewarding well-behaved pupils at schools and in the community will curb the menace of bullying at schools.


For several reasons, current urban development in Dar es Salaam City has not adhered to requirements of both general and detailed planning schemes. This in turn has encouraged local authorities and other stakeholders to produce planning outputs using a Strategic Urban Development Planning (SUDP) process. The methodology involved appraising a ward environmental profile; holding a stakeholders' consultative workshop and analysing the issues identified. Analysis has shown that, under the current urban development diversities in terms of interests and priorities, the befitting output of an urban planning process cannot be a mere future land use map. It is inclined to be a package of well-thought outputs forming an acceptable future land use plan. The ability to produce an acceptable future land use plan based on core tenets of SUDP is a strenghth of same. This defeats earlier claims of SUPD weaknesses related to future land use and urban development control.


BACKGROUND There are four main types of ingrown nail. These are distal nail embedding, juvenile (subcutaneous) ingrown nail, hypertrophy of the lateral nail fold (lip), and pincer nail. OBJECTIVE The etiology of pincer nail may be hereditary or acquired. The mechanism of the most common form, an enlarged base of the distal bony phalanx, is discussed. METHODS Use of roentgenogram and magnetic resonance imaging highlights exophytes of the base and dorsal hyperostosis of the distal phalanx. RESULTS Global assessment may lead in mild cases to medical therapy. Usually, however, the lateral matrix horn must be surgically removed or cauterized by phenol. Dermal grafting under the nail matrix provides excellent long-term results.


In order to improve the speed regulation performance of induction motors, a multimodulation times space vector pulsewidth modulation (MMT-SVPWM) is proposed for the three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) converter. This method can eliminate the dead-time effect (DTE), which is caused by the addition of the dead time (DT) in the SVPWM. This article first analyzes the deviation of the output voltage that is caused by the DTE in the SVPWM, and then proposed the MMT-SVPWM. The generation of driving signals in this method is different from the ideal SVPWM. According to the directions of three-phase currents, the driving signals of a pair of complementary power switches are obtained by comparing a pair of multiple modulation times with the triangular carrier. Thus, this method directly eliminate the DTE, which is different from the SVPWM with DT. The output voltage vector is the same as that of the ideal SVPWM, and there is no zero-current clamping effect. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method effectively eliminates the DTE and improves the output currents of the three-level NPC converter.


I was very delighted when I was asked to write a short portrait of Klaus Weiermair. The first time I met him was in 1991 in Innsbruck, Austria. As a student, I appreciated his lively, fresh, and modern style of teaching, which was characterized by the U.S. American and Canadian case study teaching principles. While I was coming from the hotel industry, Weiermair was a well-trained economist. I found this encounter more than fascinating, as in the first seminar lessons our discussions (and at that time in-depth discussions were not common between professors and students) were characterized by a critical view of existing industry problems and of theories which might explain or even solve these problems. This approach was quite new for many of us, although demanding – but students immediately understood that theories are not the opposite of practical experience. Theory and practice are contributing to each other and in co-existence they are creating long-term solutions. With this paradigm in mind, Weiermair became a tourism researcher when he returned to Europe from his North American experience. In this short essay, I have the honour to briefly describe his life and academic career, including the presentation of some of his contributions to tourism research and practice.


The purpose of this study was to assess the trioctahedral mica –K of clay of three genetically different soil groups viz., alluvial (Entisols), ferruginous (Alfisols) and black (Vertisols) soils and its release behaviour towards sodium tetra phenyl boron extraction. Total trioctahedral component (TTC) obtained from the area of the 020 peak in between 19.2 and 19.5°2θ showed significant regression with Mg content of clay. The Vertisols were having maximum amount of TTC in the coarse clay fraction with an average of 12.5 per cent whereas the Entisols were having least amount of TTC in the coarse clay fraction (4 per cent). Amount of K released in the first extract and that in total six extracts by sodium tetraphenyl boron from coarse and fine clay fraction yielded poor regressions with TTC, mica content and ratios of two X ray reflections, i.e., I (001)/I (002) of mica But this regression improved significantly when the total trioctahedral components were multiplied with mica content, showing that trioctahedral component coming from mica determines K release


To minimize satellite communications interference, Ground-based SATCOM terminals operating over Military X-band and Ka-band geosynchronous satellites must adhere to MIL-STD requirements for downlink pointing loss and off-axis effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP). Similarly, vehicle mounted earth stations (VMES) must adhere to strict FCC requirements on antenna pointing and Power Spectral Density (PSD) to avoid adjacent satellite interference when using commercial Ku-band geosynchronous satellites. Ground-based SATCOM on-the-move (OTM) terminals use varied tracking approaches to meet military and commercial requirements. In particular, systems that use an open-loop tracking solution typically require an Inertial Navigation System (INS). New generations of INS that use Micro Electrical-mechanical System (MEMS) inertial sensors can meet system performance requirements with cost reductions of 60% to 90%.


The main factors influencing on the elimination of the disadvantages of inorganic salts used as binder for the production of casting cores, individually and in combination, are established. The hardening and softening mechanisms of core sands based on combinations of inorganic salts are studied.


A micro-emulsion desorption agent used in coal-bed methane(CBM) fracturing was formulated using surfactant,cosurfactant,oil and water.It's a light blue fluid whose particle size varies from 10 to 100 nanometers.The bond force between desorption agent and coal is stronger than methane,so it can be employed as desorption agent to replace the methane.Because of its low surface tension,higher contact angle,the capillary pressure is reduced,which is good for fluid flowback and gas permeability.Desorption agent can get into smaller pore,which means "water block" can be reduced in some extent.Laboratory evaluations shows that it's desorption efficiency was 8.3%higher than active water(2%KCI),flowback efficiency was improved by 15%than common surfactants and core damage was reduced by 3.6%.Desorption agent with multi functions was applied in one CBM well.Result shows that the well has earlier,faster casing pressure recovery and higher yield.


Autonomous mobile robotisusually equipped a finite amountofenergy, itcanaccordingly workinfinite time. Inspired fromswarmbehavior ofcollecting andsharing foodof natural animals, e.g. honey-bee, gametheory andmobile agents inmulti-agent systems weissue anovelapproach todistribute energy formulti-task autonomous mobile robots inorder tokeep groupofmobilerobotlong-lived. Inthispaperwe describe practical deployment ofagroupofmobile robot withpossibility ofcarrying andthenexchanging fuelcell, e.g. battery toother robot. The battery exchange solution isbasically basedon probabilistic modeloftotal energyofeachrobotinitslocal vicinity. Earlyimplementation thatincludes modularhardware and control architecture todemonstrate possibility ofthe approach ispresented.


Thermopower and electrical resistivity have been investigated of /spl beta/-FeSi/sub 2/ single crystals and /spl beta/-FeSi/sub 2+x/ thin films in the temperature range from 40 K to 1200 K. The single crystals were grown by chemical transport reaction with source material of different purity and with a Si/Fe ratio between 1.5 and 2.5 to obtain crystals from the Fe-rich and Si-rich boundaries of the homogeneity range, respectively. The undoped and co-doped thin films have been prepared in the range -0.06<x<0.25 by coevaporation. It is shown that the conductivity type of the single crystals changes from p-type to n-type with increasing purity of the starting material. Both thermopower and resistivity depend on the deviation from strict stoichiometry. The low temperature thermopower is mainly determined by phonon drag effect. The undoped films are of p-type. It is shown that the films are especially sensitive to doping at x/spl ap/0.13.


Introduction. Increasing experimental data reveal the importance of the gut bacteria in mediating behavioral changes. However, clinical evidences are lacking. In one hand, alcohol-dependent subjects (AD) are known to present with depression, anxiety and neuropsychological disorders. On the other hand, heavy and chronic alcohol consumption is suggested to alter the gut microbiota composition. The aim …


The term African Renaissance is being widely spread among African scholars. Its controversial usus loquendi and definition have been the subject of a considerable number of printed essays already in circulation on the Internet and various sources of the media (see references list). Scholars, intellectuals, and the public have not found a common ground on whether this is a phenomenon or an ideal; however, the idea of the rebirth of some sort of africanism (e.g., cognitive process, culture, political ideals, economic structure, etc.) seems to be the common denominator of a present or immanent African Renaissance according to Miller (1993), Marable (1995), and Wa Thiong'o (1996). Africans believe they are entering a new era that is being referred to as the African Renaissance. This era, if properly defined, could impact the value system of all Africans who are searching for their lost cultural heritage. The search for a lost cultural heritage may be reflected in Christian churches and schools that emulate Western-based curriculums and Western forms of expression (e.g., language, music, forms of praise and worship, administration, etc.). African scholars who desire to see the progress of both Christian theology and Christian education in the "renascent continent" should take seriously the impact of the African Renaissance on both fields of studies. Christian theology contains traces of the different civilizations such as European (Eastern and Western), American, and recently, African. Africa, in its attempt to affirm itself in the world of Christian theology, has moved into different stages of expression because of the influence of Western-oriented education (Miller, 1993, pp. 1-4). The African Renaissance appears to be an unavoidable trend that could impact both African Christian theology and Christian education. This paper intends to discuss some of the effects that the African Renaissance will have on religion, in particular Christian theology and education. This is not an exhaustive study of the subject but it aims at drawing inference from various authors to make Africa aware of the importance of the phenomena. The African Renaissance cannot be understood through a fragmentation of its various social components, i.e., religion, culture, economy, identity, education, etc. Africa is a continent of interrelationships in which all aspects of life are interrelated. To separate education from culture, economy, identity and religion is to do injustice to the continent and its people. It is often stated that African people are very religious, so it follows that religion is an integral part of life in the African's modus vivendi. Most of us are fascinated with the idea and the philosophies that characterize the African Renaissance phenomenon and embrace them as new and revolutionary; however, those who lived in the 60's and earlier years know that this is not a new phenomenon, but rather a semi-dormant one that is being revived. In this paper I decided to focus on Christian theology because religion is complex and takes various shapes. The narrowing of the topic intends to aid me to avoid inaccurate generalizations and to reduce the level of misconceptions.


The mechanisms of interaction of various ultradisperse substances with molding materials, as well as their influence on physical and technological properties, are considered. Examples of using of ultrafine nano-sized additives in foundry are given. The possibilities of increasing level of technological properties (initial strength, gas permeability and non-stick properties) of mixtures due to additives of UPC, which contributes the improvement of the surface quality of castings and to the reduction laboriousness of finishing operations are described.


In the era of digital technologies, most enterprises have collected huge amount of data in an electronic form. Business intelligence technology has emerged as a tool to support information summarization, pattern extracting, knowledge discovery, and other knowledgerelated tasks. The main part of most business intelligence software is the data mining engine to analyze and report relationships that exist in the stored data. Visualization tools are created to help data analysts easily explore the induced information. For extremely large amount of data stored in the data warehouse and data marts, simply explore information and knowledge through the visualize tool is not possible. We thus propose to put more constraints in the data mining engine of the BI software. We design the framework of the proposed BI system to predict customer churn in the telecommunication industry. The logic-based implementation and performance testing results of the constraint-based pattern mining are also illustrated in this paper.


The German poet Christoph Meckel was born in 1935 and died in 2020, bequeathing to German-speaking literature a work in which he sedimented important phenomena of the existential configuration throughout the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. In this legacy, the reader can find the collection Saure ('Acid'), in which the author collects poems that show the dissolution of affective configurations, previously experienced as an organic unit. Thus, experiences that previously provided feelings of belonging and continuity start to produce ruptures and alienation. In this sense, this article wishes to discuss three poems from this collection, trying to identify how the process of alienation materializes. The first part of the article recovers some theoretical vectors of the concept of alienation (such as social structuring, affective configuration and, communicational rupture), seeking to understand it, above all, as a phenomenon of dissolution of affective organicity. In the sequence, the discussion of the three poems reveals different ways of experiencing this alienation, having in common the rupture of the communicational and affective flows. Through his lyrical language, Christoph Meckel condenses paradigmatic images of contemporary existence. The analysis tries to discuss this poetic language through close readings.


We report high-resolution LDA and HWA measurements of the streamwise velocity component of a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer (ZPG TBL) over a range of momentum thickness Reynolds number from 1,170 to 3,720. The primary objective of this work is to investigate the near-wall behavior and the scaling of high-order statistics. In particular, we are interested in certain Kármán number dependencies. The obtained data are in excellent agreement with most recent DNS-results, which allows direct comparison of detailed results such as peak value and position of streamwise stress, wall-values of skewness and flatness factors, and turbulence dissipation rate. The experimental data clearly reveal the failure of classical scaling. An alternative mixed scaling based on uτ3/2ue1/2 removes these discrepancies.


This work describes the adsorption of synthesized cobalt mono (CoPc) and binuclear phthalocyanines (CoBiPc) with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) to form SWCNT-CoPc or SWCNT-CoBiPc as non-covalent conjugates onto glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). The cobalt complexes and their SWCNT-conjugate-modified electrodes were studied for their electrocatalytic oxidation towards 4-chlorophenol. All modified electrodes showed improved catalytic current and stability towards the detection of 4-chlorophenol. The best activity was observed for the SWCNT-CoBiPc2 system in terms of current response and the SWCNT-CoBiPc1 system in terms of resistance to electrode fouling.


Although Obstructive sleep apnea is now recognized as one of the major public health problems because of the improvement in standards of life, however, with increasing its prevalence, it adversely affects the quality of life. So, our study was set to assess the prevalence of OSA and the factors that affect it. This may make new opportunities available by which we could bring a decline in OSA incidence after measuring its prevalence and identification of factors that affect it. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a nearby rural area of (THQ) Tehsil Headquarter Hospital, Phalia, Punjab for around three months from August 2020 to October 2020. Data was collected with the help of two questionnaires including a self-structured proforma and STOP scale. People with age less than 51years and more than 60 years were excluded and only people with age above 50 years and below 61 years were included. Data analysis was accomplished with the help of SPSS version 25 and various tests including the Chi-square test, Independent Sample t-test, and One-Way ANOVA were applied to assess the study variables. Results of the study showed an overall high prevalence of OSA higher risk (41.7% participants had a higher risk of development of OSA) Association, between OSA risk and age groups (p=0.001) and between OSA risk and Educational status (0.000) was significant statistically, while it was not significant between OSA risk and gender (p=0.394). The difference in score on the STOP scale was significant, across gender (p=0.032), three age groups (p=0.002), and four levels of education (p=0.000). Our study indicates an increased prevalence of higher risk for OSA development particularly among men, higher age, and lower education. So, proper planning is required to deal with the increasing prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea.


Aging is associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass and increased oxidative damage. Diet may play a role in attenuating these changes. The objective of this study was to measure gene expression differences in skeletal muscle of healthy young adult and geriatric dogs consuming two distinct dog foods. Six geriatric (11 yr‐old at baseline) and 6 weanling (8 wk‐old at baseline) female beagles were randomly assigned to one of two diets: 1) Animal‐protein based (APB) containing 28% protein, 23% fat, and 5% dietary fiber; or 2) Plant‐protein based (PPB) containing 26% protein, 11% fat, and 15% dietary fiber. Dogs remained on experiment for 12 months. RNA, isolated from skeletal muscle samples, was hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip Canine Genome Arrays. Following microarray normalization, data were analyzed using the mixed models procedure of SAS. Transcripts having a P < 0.05 and > 1.5‐fold change were considered different. Diet manipulated gene expression in both geriatric (116 transcripts) and young adult (12 transcripts) dogs. In old dogs, APB diet appeared to be detrimental as it decreased expression of genes associated with muscle contraction, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcium and oxygen transport.


Abstract The paper deals with the possibility of displaying costumes or textiles as "invisible mannequins", which had been successfully used on exhibition Retro. This method of installation enables practically unlimited use and it is applicable both for historical costumes and also for contemporary fashion apparel. The main objective of the text is to present the overall production process of form.


The article summarizes the authors' experience in the organization of project training and its essential components (concept, tasks and characteristics). The authors consider the experience of teaching specialized journalism courses for foreign undergraduates of the Faculty of Journalism at Lomonosov Moscow State University. Following the results of several training projects and analysis of participants' profiles, the authors draw conclusions about the prospects of the project form of training journalists: it meets the demands of the media industry in terms of digitalization and ensures personal development. The development of project-based learning is evidence of a paradigm shift in teaching: from the culture of utility, functionality to the culture of dignity and integrative presence.


A model has been developed to allow the scanned data obtained using a laser Doppler vibrometer‐based acoustic‐to‐seismic landmine detection system to be analyzed without operator interaction. The ground vibration data from the LDV are pre‐processed to form images in a 2‐D data format. A parametric model was established to describe the amplified magnitude velocity phenomena induced by buried landmines. This model incorporates amplitude, size, position, and background amplitude parameters into an automatic analysis process. An iterative regression approach is described which can perform the automatic recognition of landmines. The estimated parameters, such as the amplitude relative to the background, the size, and the shape of a target, are used to make the decision regarding the presence of a mine. Once a positive decision is made, the estimated position parameters are used to localize the target location. [Work supported by the United States Army Communications‐Electronics Command Night Vision and Electro...


The modern switchboard, controlling as it does large amounts of power, and often situated where space is at a premium, demands a different type of switchboard instrument from that to be found on older switchboards. Moreover, modern generating equipments, generally turbine driven, have resulted in a readjustment of the comparative importance of the different kind of electrical errors to which indicating meters are subject. not example, the frequency of a modern system does not usually vary more than one or two cycles from the normal speed, and therefore frequency characteristics are less important whereas formerly this was one of the great sources of error. Again, due to operation with larger currents or higher potentials, the external magnetic or electrostatic field effects are greatly increased.


A touch operation detection device (100, 200) that detects a touch operation of touching an operation surface (12a) with a finger is provided with: a contact detection unit (101) that detects, with respect to a contact with the operation surface, a contact position on the operation surface, and a contact load to the operation surface; a moving distance detection unit (102) that detects a moving distance of the contact position from a time when the contact with the operation surface starts to the time when the contact ends; and a touch operation detection unit (103) that detects the contact as the touch operation in the cases where the contact load and the moving distance satisfy predetermined relationship.


The present study was an attempt to examine the relationship of life skills with general health and academic advancement of first- to third-grade female and male high school students in Babol City. The statistical population for this research included all of the first- to third-grade female and male high school students in Babol City. In this population, 100 were selected using the convenience random sampling method and were included in the study after completing the life skill questionnaire for students and the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). The method used for this research was the descriptive correlation approach. Results of the present research revealed that there is a significant relationship between life skills on one hand and general health and academic advancement on the other hand. There is also a significant difference between the life skills of female and male students. Seemingly, teaching life skills can be an important practical step toward the academic advancement and general health of students.


As the Korean College scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) has been implemented for 17 years since 1994, it is becoming more and more difficult to make new items that haven't been previously used to measure students' thinking ability. Therefore, it is necessary to keep conducting research on making new test items that can measure students' scholastic ability reliably. For this reason, multiple choice items on the Japanese university entrance exam, which is a Japanese National Center Test for University Admissions (NCTUA) equivalent of CSAT, were analyzed in order to draw implications for CSAT item development. In this study, we analyzed the Japanese NCTUA administered in January 2009 to investigate the structure of its science test. We also analyzed the NCTUA items by the domains of contents and behaviors, and tried to predict item difficulty from the perspective of Korean applicants. Major findings are as follows: Most NCTUA items measure understanding knowledge or low level thinking ability. Also the alloted time for each item is longer than CSAT. The number of test items, and the number of choice and alloted points for each item are diverse, unlike CSAT. The number of items using real-life materials are much more, but the items are not rigorous in sentence expression compared to CSAT. And the difference of difficulty level among science tests were larger with reference to CSAT. Also science score is required for most applicants regardless whether they are taking liberal arts or going onto the science track.


Objective
To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of conventional 12 lead electrocardiogram(ECG)and 24h dynamic ECG in patients with pacemaker implantation.

Methods
From May 2016 to May 2017, 65 patients with pacemaker implantation in Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College were selected.All patients were examined by two methods of routine 12 lead ECG and 24h dynamic ECG.The arrhythmia detection results, as well as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and other indicators were observed and compared in the two groups.

Results
The positive rate of arrhythmia detected by 24h dynamic ECG was 96.9%, which was higher than 53.8% of the 12 lead ECG, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=5.182, P<0.05). The detection rates of atrioventricular block, premature ventricular premature beat and premature atrial premature beat in 24h dynamic ECG group were higher than those of routine 12 lead ECG group, the differences were statistically significant(χ2=8.615, P<0.05). The monitoring specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of 24h dynamic ECG were 96.9%, 95.4% and 95.4%, respectively, which were higher than those of the conventional 12 lead ECG(58.5%, 61.5% and 53.8%), the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).

Conclusion
The detection rate of arrhythmia in patients with pacemaker implantation by 24 h Holter is higher than that of routine 12 lead ECG, and its accuracy, specificity and sensitivity are higher, and it is safe and reliable, it is worthy of popularizing in the clinic.

Key words:
Electrocardiography; Conventional 12 lead electrocardiogram; 24h dynamic electrocardiogram; Pacemaker, artificial; Arrhythmia, sinus


Objective: To investigate the influence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- on the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1, 2, 3, and 5 mRNA in cultured human luteinized granulosa cells Methods: Human luteinized granulosa cells were obtained from the follicular fluid by transvaginal oocyte aspiration from infertile patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for in vitro fertilization (IVF). The cells were cultured for 72 hours with TNF- at concentrations of 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 ng/mL, respectively. The cells not treated with TNF- were served as control. Riverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) had been used to examine the expression of IGF-II, IGFBP-1, 2, 3, and 5 mRNA. Results were analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and statical significance was defined as p groups were significantly lower than the control group (p groups than the control group (p=0.05, p=0.06, respectively). The expression of IGFBP-3 mRNA was seemed to be increased in 100.0 ng/mL of TNF- group than the control group (p=0.08). There were no statistically significant differences in the expressions of IGFBP-1 and 5 in all groups. Conclusion: TNF- might play a role as a regulator of human ovarian physiology by modulating the expression of IGF-II in luteinized granulosa cells.


Particle shape is an important parameter in numerous civil, environmental, and petroleum engineering applications. In ground-water flow, the shape of individual particles comprising the soil affects the soil`s pore size distribution and, hence, the important flow characteristics such as hydraulic conductivity and headloss. A model for delineating the relative importance of particle size, particle shape, and porosity, (and their interactions), in explaining the variability of hydraulic conductivity of a granular porous medium is developed and tested. Three types of porous media are considered in this work: spherical glass beads; granular sand; and irregularly shaped, shredded glass particles. A reliable method for quantifying the three-dimensional shape and packing of large samples of irregular particles based on their angle of repose is presented. The results of column experiments indicate that in the size range examined (i.e., 149 {micro}m to 2,380 {micro}m), the single most important predictor of hydraulic conductivity is seen to be particle size, explaining 69% of the variability. Porous media comprising irregular particles exhibit lower hydraulic conductivity only for the larger (707 to 841 {micro}m) particles. For the smaller (149 to 177 {micro}m) particles, particle shape has no observable influence on hydraulic conductivity. The results of the regression analysis revealmore » the importance off the interaction between particle size and porosity, indicating that similar pore configurations for a given type of particle are not achieved at different sizes. This empirical model seems to provide better estimates of the hydraulic conductivity of granular porous media comprising irregular particles than selected models based solely on grain size, including Hazen, Kozeny-Carman, and more recently Alyamani and Sen.« less


This article examines the expulsion of Germans abroad (Auslandsdeutsche) from Allied countries and colonial empires in the aftermath of the First World War, and their somewhat negative reception in Weimar Germany in 1919-20. It does so against the background of what it identifies as a re-territorialisation of German national identity, beginning during the war itself and leading to an abrupt reversal of previous trends towards the inclusion of Germans abroad within broader transnational notions of Germanness (Deutschtum), rights to citizenship and aspirations to world power status. Re-territorialisation was not born out of the logic of de-territorialisation and Weltpolitik in any dialectical sense, however. Rather, its causes were largely circumstantial: the outbreak of global war in 1914, the worldwide economic and naval blockade of Imperial Germany, and its final defeat in 1918. Nonetheless, its implications were substantial, particularly for the way in which minority German groups living beyond Germany's new borders were constructed in official and non-official discourses in the period after 1919-20.


Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, involving inflammation and major structural changes of the joint, causing pain and functional disability. Pain and stiffness, particularly after exercise, are the major symptoms, resulting in considerable impact on ability to perform activities of daily living. There is discordance between symptoms and radiographic changes, with some sufferers not experiencing symptoms, but showing osteoarthritic changes on X-ray. The present study was performed to examine the effect of ginger and turmeric consumption on liver function (ALT, AST), phosphorus, total calcium , ionized calcium, x-ray and histopathologyon osteoporosis rats induced by prednisone acetate at a dose of 4 mg / kg bw three time a week for three weeks. On the other hand, the chemical constituent's moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre, total digestible nutrients, ash, carbohydrate, phosphorous, calcium was determined for the tested ginger and turmeric. In addition to, volatile compounds and analysis of phytochemicals was determined for the tested ginger and turmeric.
This work was carried out on 48 non-pregnant female albino rats (age 6 to 8 weeks and about 160 to 210g body weight) classified into two main groups. The first main group (6) fed on basal diet and the second main group (42 rats)injected with prednisone acetate at a dose of 4 mg / kg bw three time a week for three weeks to cause osteoporosis and divided into seven subgroups such as each group consists of (6rats). Then fed on basal diet containing 10% -15% ginger, 10% -15% turmericand10% -15% ginger and turmeric. Results revealed that all osteoporosis groups administrated with different levels of ginger and turmeric (10-15%) had significant decrease liver function (ALT, AST), phosphorus, total calcium, ionized calcium comparing with the positive control group. On the other hand, x-ray and histopathologyof the positive control group after two months revealed bone loss of different part such as fibula, tibia and femur in addition to bone demineralization and femoral fracture and fibula bone trabexculae showed dystrophy and resorption and osteoporosis. These findings revealed that ginger andturmeric treatment attenuated and treated degrees to osteoporosis in compare to positive control group.


Changes in hydrogen ion concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have profound effects on the levels of alveolar ventilation,' cerebral blood flow,, and consciousness.3 Increased CSF hydrogen ion concentration is associated not only with systemic, metabolic, and respiratory acidosis4 but, selectively, with reduced cerebral blood flow,' meningitis,6 head trauma,' and subarachnoid hemorrhage.' The proposed mechanism for CSF acidosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage is the production of lactic acid produced by anaerobic glycolysis of red blood cellsg The present investigation was designed to study the magnitude and time course of in vivo changes in CSF acid-base balance following intracisternal injection of whole blood in the anesthetized dog.


Since the early 1980s, verotoxigenic Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 has emerged as a major cause of both sporadic and epidemic disease in North America and other regions of the world. Most infections result in mild diarrhea but more serious illnesses include hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 infection have occurred in various settings including schools, day-care centres, and nursing homes. Most outbreaks and sporadic cases have been associated with the consumption of foods of bovine origin, particularly undercooked ground beef. This report presents findings of the investigation of an unusual outbreak involving the patients and staff members of a suburban acute-care hospital in southern Ontario.


The parameters which were relatively easy to adjust in the continuous YAG laser conduction welding were studied.The effects of laser power,welding speed and focus position on seam width,penetration depth and depth-width ratio of the weld seam were researched.A cluster of metal steam above welding pool and its obvious effect on reducing the laser energy input was found by real time image sensing.Side-blowing shield gas could remove the metal steam,and the effective power of the laser was elevated.Some interaction between the laser power and welding speed are obtained by repeated two-factor experiments.


Sol gel-self assembly technique is presented to produce nanocrystals thin films. This combined technique was applied because more convenient, faster, simpler and less costly than others method. FESEM images show that the Mn doped ZnS exhibit the spherical type. The ZnS:Mn colloidal performs the high bandgap in visible region. Furthermore, the optical properties of the nanocrystals thin films are also studied by photolumines (PL). PL spectrum show the blue and orange emission due to 4T1–6A1 of Mn2+ transition.


Buffalo is considered as a triple purpose animal that provides milk, meat and draught power to mankind. The ideal environmental conditions for buffalo are floodplains with plenty of grasses and water supply. However, buffalo are also raised in many different climatic conditions, other that of their origin, in various parts of the world with the help of facilities such as barns and sheds. The world buffalo population has shown a growing trend in recent decades. The aim of the present research is to review and analyse the current status and future prospects of water buffalo domestication in Turkey in a geographical context. Water buffalo were used in Turkey as a draught animal along with production of meat, milk and related dairy products for a long time. However, buffalo domestication has been neglected in Turkey for several decades and no effort has been made to revive this sector. Therefore, a declining trend in the buffalo population has been observed since the 1980s for several reaseons including incre...


SIR,-The results oftwo recent studies showed that duodenal ulcer was associated with low dietary linoleic acid and high refined sugar intake.' 2 In India and Bangladesh Tovey and colleagues34 noted a high incidence ofduodenal ulcer from areas in which milled or polished rice, sorghum, or yams are staples, and a low incidence where unrefined wheat, certain millets, or pulses are staples. The protective factor could be either a lipid or a liposoluble substance.' It has been hypothesised that in Western populations the falling incidence of duodenal ulceration may be related to the increased consumption of essential fatty acids, particularly linoleic and arachidonic acids.6 In Africa the frequency of duodenal ulcer is rising in urban populations with their transition in diet and other aspects of lifestyle. Rises in frequency occur in the 'Western' type of duodenal ulcer, with haemorrhage and perforation being the major complications.7 This picture contrasts with the complication of gastric outlet obstruction resulting from the 'stenosing' type of ulcer, which occurs in rural, non-Westernised areas of Africa.8 In Soweto (population about 2 million) at Baragwanath Hospital (3200 beds, 52 200 inpatients annually) in 1983 there were 236 patients with duodenal ulcer (4 5 per 1000 hospital admissions), a considerable increase, even allowing for population growth, from 1956 when only 34 patients were admitted for treatment."9 In 1964-71 Bremner reported 87 black patients among 31 500 surgical admissions to the Johannesburg Hospital (2-8 per 1000 hospital admissions).'0 The traditional diet of rural blacks was (and still is in many parts") high in cereals, beans, and 'spinaches,' with meat and dairy products eaten infrequently. It was a diet low in fat (supplying 1015% energy) and sugar (5-8% energy) and high in fibre 30-40 g or more daily. Nowadays, in urban areas, in contrast to the past,'2 fat intake has risen (supplying 25-30% or more of energy) and sugar intake also (supplying 10% or more of energy), whereas fibre intake has fallen to that of the white population, perhaps even lower, of 10 g or less daily. The fall in linoleic acid intake now compared with the past derived from cereal products is considerable. Not only is the concentration in superrefined maize meal only a quarter of that in unsifted maize meal,'3 but consumption of maize meal has fallen. Although bread consumption has increased, most of the black population favour white bread, despite it being dearer than the more subsidised brown bread. Bean consumption has halved compared with the past. There is no likelihood of a reversion to the past; the black population are avid for more meat, more fat, and less carbohydrate in foods. There is likely to be little restraint in increases of diseases of prosperity.'4 Currently there are only slight rises in non-infective bowel diseases,"5 but, as stated, large increases in the number of patients with duodenal ulcer. To keep a perspective, it must be remembered that duodenal ulcer is of multifactorial aetiology, with Helicobacter pylori, stress, pepsin, acid, and other factors sharing responsibility. Spiro urged physicians to recognise 'that an ulcer is not a disease or an entity . . . but a manifestation of many different processes."6


Abstract Economic diplomacy is known as a symbol of the European Union and represents its primary function. With the development of science and new ways of communication, the European Union can organize a new approach for its economic diplomacy. The main advantage of the European Union as a soft power is that its economic and diplomatic interests are represented in a manner that is based not on confrontation but economic collaboration with other states. The disadvantage is that this domain is presently not used enough to represent EU interests. This paper describes economic diplomacy in general and the economic diplomacy of the EU in particular. Divided into three parts, the goal of this study is to outline the importance of economic diplomacy, its evolution, the influence of this domain on the creation of previous economic treaties, and its possible future impact on the development of new agreements between the European Union and its neighbor countries. The main methodology used is descriptive, presenting the evolution of this field and the new business strategies that can be used to improve cooperation at the eastern border of the European Union. Therefore we present here the historical background of EU economic diplomacy, its present issues and future challenges. The quantitative data used in this research paper are based on information from EU websites and on the actual events concerning debates about economic diplomacy and its future. The research questions presented herein follow the general evolution of this domain and its mutual influence with EU's businesses strategies.