INTERNET traffic volumes are growing and require the transmission capacity of the underlying infrastructure to be continuously extended. A closer look at this infrastructure reveals that the Internet architecturally relies on a three level hierarchy consisting of backbone networks, metropolitan area networks, and local access networks. The national or international backbone networks will provide abundant bandwidth by employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) links which are interconnected with reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs) and optical crossconnects (OXCs). The metropolitan area networks (MANs), or metro networks for short, interconnect the backbone networks with the local access networks that carry the data from and to the individual users. By employing advanced local area network (LAN) technologies, such as Gigabit Ethernet (GbE), and broadband access, such as digital subscriber loop (DSL) and cable modems, access networks provide increasing amounts of bandwidth. Most existing metro networks are based on synchronous optical network/synchronous digital hierarchy (SONET/SDH) technology, a circuit-switched networking technology which carries bursty data traffic relatively inefficiently, thus resulting in a bandwidth bottleneck at the metro level. This bandwidth bottleneck, which is widely referred to as the metro gap, prevents the high-speed clients and service providers in local access networks from tapping into the vast amounts of bandwidth available in the backbone. Numerous metro architectures have been proposed and investigated during the past few years, most of them relying on either a ring or, less common, on a star topology. After comprehensively reviewing and comparing the proposed solutions with respect to the requirements specific to the metropolitan area, we argue that a hybrid ring-star network architecture relying on a single-channel packet-switched ring and a single-hop WDM star network is a promising approach for future metro networks to overcome the metro gap. We propose an architecture and corresponding access protocol for such a hybrid network that we call RINGOSTAR. Existing packet-switched ring networks, such as the IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring (RPR), can be evolutionary, and therefore cost-efficiently, upgraded to the RINGOSTAR network by connecting a subset of the ring nodes to an optical star network using dark fiber which is abundantly available in metropolitan areas. RINGOSTAR builds on two underlying performance enhancing techniques for ring networks which are proposed in this work. The first technique is called proxy stripping and provides a means to significantly increase the capacity of packet-switched ring networks and makes the fixed ring capacity scalable. The second technique, that we call protectoration, enables both fast and bandwidth efficient recovery from multiple link and/or node failures in ring networks that usually can only recover from single failures. Furthermore, we propose mechanisms to enable Quality of Service (QoS) support and fairness control in RINGOSTAR. We comprehensively evaluate the performance of our proposed architecture and the underlying performance enhancing techniques for various network configurations and traffic scenarios, including self-similar and hot-spot traffic, by means of mathematical analysis and verifying computer simulations. Performance results show that, for instance, when interconnecting 32 out of 256 ring nodes via a star subnetwork, proxy striping increases the network capacity for uniform traffic by a factor almost equal to ten.


We investigate the transport of nonreactive tracers in a binary porous medium with randomly packed ellipse fluid-filled cavities. Anomalous transport features, such as early arrival time and long tailing, are observed due to the high contrast in medium properties and highly complex structure of fluid velocity. We use a particle tracking method to quantify the transport features of the domain. Then, a continuous time random walk (CTRW) framework builds on the tracer transitions in time and space to represent an upscaled model. We study the effect of several key parameters on the anomalous transport process. The parameters include: cavity aspect ratio, porous background permeability, and Peclet (Pe) number. With the increase in Pe, a longer tailing and a larger residence time are observed, which presents a stronger anomalous feature. A similar situation corresponds to decreased porous medium permeability, which results in wider breakthrough curves. A longer tailing arises in the case of elongated cavity.The purely advective transport in the medium is investigated at Pe=$\infty$. This is considered a limit case for the anomalous behavior of the system. One can refer to this case as the most extended tail possible for each cavity arrangement. The widest breakthrough curves for a Pe=infty correspond to larger aspect ratios of the cavity and a lower permeable matrix.We show that the upscaled CTRW model can closely predict breakthrough curves in a binary medium with randomly distributed ellipse cavities.These findings give new insights into transport in vesicular and vuggy porous media.


Excerpt The symposium, Clinical Aspects of Metabolic Bone Disease, held at the Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 26-29 June 1972, opened with a 1-day presentation of methods and techniques us...


Recently in reproducing Matthew Baillie's classic atlas of morbid anatomy using an almost complete set of the original drawings of William Clift an attempt was made to give a modern diagnosis of all the conditions illustrated. Some of the many memorable specimens are here described and illustrated. The Morbid Anatomy of the Human body is published by Melbourne University Press.


To elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of different subtypes of CMA, cow's milk-induced eosinophil activation in vivo was studied. After 2-4 weeks on milk elimination, 25 children, aged from 6 to 44 months, with CMA manifested either with skin or gastrointestinal symptoms were challenged. Serum samples were drawn before the challenge (day 1), 27 (12) hours after commencing the challenge (day 2) and one week later. The levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were determined by human ECP-RIA Kit. Total IgE and cow's milk-specific RAST were measured before the challenge. Sixteen patients (64%) showed urticarial or eczematous skin eruptions during the challenge, 9 patients manifested gastrointestinal symptoms. The levels of ECP (μg /l) and total IgE [95% CI] and positive cow's milk-specific RAST (% of patients) are illustrated in the Table.The group behaviour of these two subtypes of CMA was different; at successive measurements the level of ECP increased in patients with skin symptoms, but not in those with gastrointestinal symptoms, F=7.1, p=0.01 (ANOVA for repeated measures). The increased degranulation was shown to be transient. We conclude that eosinophil activation is an important part of the complex network of immunologic mechanisms leading lo allergic inflammation in CMA manifested with skin symptoms. Our results do not exclude eosinophil activation in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, but lack of a systemic response suggests distinct regulation of hypersensitivity reaction.


THE year 1942 found me, a chemist by profession, as a private in the German Antiaircraft Artillery. Then suddenly, one day in December, I received orders to report to a station cryptically entitled Versuchskommando Nord —Top Secret. While I was being processed for transfer, I received veiled hints I would be employed in my professional capacity and would see amazing things. For once the prophecy lived up to reality. I was amazed. I soon learned my new post was the rocket center Peenemunde on the Baltic Sea. Peenemunde was then a beehive of activity. The first morning there I was taken to the huge test stand. Suspended in the stand was a complete V-2 rocket ready to be fired. It was my first sight of a really big and powerful rocket. A few days before, another rocket had exploded on the launching site. Peenemunde was buzzing with excited speculation of why it ...


A research thesis submitted to the college of economics and management in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the award of a master in economic policy And planning degree of Kampala International university


This Non-Photorealistic Rendering(NPR)has become a hot research topic in computer graphics from the mid-90s of the 20th century, which is a research field combined with the computer technology and the painting. This paper mainly researched the painting style non-photorealistic rendering based on image, and by far there are two processing methods based on image: artistic media simulation and the simulation with processing of artistic creation. In this paper, combining these two rendering methods to create a art work with the painting style and design software to achieve this rendering processing. It segmented the input image according to user-defined level and then smoothed the split result, and extracted the skeleton from these processed regions, which would be used to produce the stroke, finally generated painting style image by the stroke. The last software operation results show that realistic images can be converted into a satisfactory painting style image by the rendering method designed in this paper.


The glass transition temperature of pure nitrocellulose is determined by torsional braid analysis. The reproducibility and reliability of the measured results are discussed.


Tin slag, a by-product of tin production has been used in cementitious application. The present investigation focuses on the suitability of tin slag as primary component in cement and as component that substitute some amount of Portland Cement. The tin slags studied were taken from Bangka, Indonesia. The main contents of the tin slag are SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 according to the XRF investigation. The aim of this article was to study the mechanical behaviour (compressive strength), microstructure and leaching behaviour of tin slag blended cement. This study used air-cooled tin slag that had been passed through 400# sieve to replace Portland Cement with ratio 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 by weight. Cement pastes and tin slag blended cement pastes were prepared by using water/cement ratio (W/C) of 0.40 by weight and hydrated for various curing ages of 3, 7, 14 days The microstructure of the raw tin slag was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The phase composition of each cement paste was investigated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The aim of the leachability test was to investigate the environmental impacts of tin slag blended cement product in the range 4-8 pH by using static pH-dependent leaching test. The result show that the increase of the tin slag content decreasing the mortar compressive strength at early ages. The use of tin slag in cement provide economic benefits for all related industries.


The expression 'inhalation injury, in English terminology, includes conditions as different as those due to soot inhqlation, barotraum lesions o or respiratory burns. Our point of view is that'vinhalaton injury " rpres.. o ents only one instance of a more general condition called"Primary Respira"" .. tory Lesions."-Z This expression "Primary Respiratory Lesions" includes all the ditect pulmonary lesions induced by the causal agent itself at the time of the


An impression can be interpreted as a psychological feeling toward a product and it plays an important role in decision making. Therefore, the understanding of the data in the domain of impressions will be very useful. This research had the objective of knowing the performance of K-Nearest Neighbors method to classify endek image impression using K-Fold Cross Validation method. The images were taken from 3 locations, namely CV. Artha Dharma, Agung Bali Collection, and Pengrajin Sri Rejeki. To get the image impression was done by consulting with an endek expert named Dr. D.A Tirta Ray, M.Si. The process of data mining was done by using K-Nearest Neighbors Method which was a classification method to a set of data based on learning data that had been classified previously and to classify new objects based on attributes and training samples. K-Fold Cross Validation testing obtained accuracy of 91% with K value in K-Nearest Neighbors of 3, 4, 7, 8.


We introduce a model for derivations of individual equity option prices that embeds persistent and transient variations of the market index in the dynamics of individual equities. We derive a closed-form pricing equation and show how transient and persistent factor loadings affect the instantaneous expected returns of equity options. For the firms listed on Dow Jones Index, we find that the option-implied transient betas are always greater than those of persistent betas, implying that large capitalization firms listed in the Dow Jones index co-move more with transient (larger) variations in the market index, which has a direct implication for a portfolio manager who hedges her portfolio exposure to transient versus persistent systematic market variations. In cross-sectional analysis, our model predicts that firms with higher transient betas have steeper term structures of implied volatility and steeper moneyness slopes. It also predicts that variances risk premiums have more significant effect on the equity option skew for firms with higher transient betas. On the empirical front, for the firms listed on the Dow Jones index, our model provides a good fit to the observed equity option prices, both in-sample and out-of-sample. At the market index level, we obtain negative prices for persistent and transient variance components, implying that investors are willing to pay for insurance against increases in volatility risk, even if those increases have little persistence. JEL Classification: G10; G12; G13


Molasses exhaustion has been investigated in South Africa since 1949, and Bruijn et al. (1972) applied a laboratory exhaustion procedure which has since been used extensively (Rein and Smith, 1981). The same approach and equipment have been used to investigate the effect of selected impurities on molasses exhaustion. These impurities include fructose, glucose, inorganic ash constituents, such as potassium, sodium and calcium, and organic impurities, for example starch and dextran. All the impurities, except the monosaccharides, are shown to increase the equilibrium purity of molasses and thus to reduce the exhaustion. It has also been possible to rank the order of the melassigenic effects of the ash constituents studied. This is of practical importance when alternate technologies are considered, for example juice softening.


The mechanisms of the reaction nh2+ch4 --> nh3+ch3, nh2+ch4 --> ch3nh2+h have been studied at b3lyp/6-311g* level of density functional theory. the transition states of the two reaction paths are obtained and verified by the analysis of vibration and internal reaction coordinate (irc). furthermore, we obtained the energy barriers of two reactions with qcisd(t)/6-311g* and are corrected by zero-point energy. the information along the two reaction paths was gained. it is found that the reaction nh2+ch4 --> nh3+ch3 is main reaction pathway.


A bifurcation theorem for the solvability of $G( x,\lambda ) = 0$ is proved when the number of parameters is finite and x is an element of a Banach space. The proof depends on imbedding the given problem into a "higher-dimensional" one and relies on the properties of Fredholm operators. Applications to Hopf bifurcation in finite and infinite dimensions as well as to multiple limit-point bifurcations are indicated.


Abstract Hospice delivers care to a substantial and growing number of individuals with primary and comorbid dementia diagnoses. Dementia diagnosis and racial/ethnic minority status are risk factors for hospice disenrollment. However, little research examines racial/ethnic disparities and other risk factors for hospice disenrollment among hospice patients with dementia. This paper uses multinomial logistic regression to explore sociodemographic and functional status risk factors for hospice disenrollment among 3,949 home hospice recipients with primary or comorbid dementia. Results indicate that patients with a primary dementia diagnosis, racial/ethnic minority groups, and those higher functional status have elevated risk of disenrollment due to hospitalization, disqualification, and electively leaving hospice care. Additional research is needed to understand why primary dementia diagnosis and underrepresented racial/ethnic status are associated with multiple kinds of hospice disenrollment so that hospice practice can be tailored to respond to the needs of these individuals.


The dose deposition profile of protons is interesting for tumour treatment due to the increased ionization density at the end of their track. However, the inaccurate knowledge of the proton stopping point limits the precision of the therapy. Prompt gamma rays, a by-product of the irradiation, are candidates for an indirect measurement of the particle range. Compton cameras have been proposed for prompt gamma ray imaging, but struggle with high trigger rates and low coincident efficiency. The feasibility in a clinical environment has yet to be proved. At Universitäts Protonen Therapie Dresden, two bismuth germanate (BGO) block detectors arranged face-to-face are deployed for imaging tests with a homogeneous target irradiated by a proton pencil beam. Shifts of the target, increase of its thickness and beam energy variation experiments are conducted. Each measurement lasts about 15 minutes at a low proton beam current. The effect of one centimetre proton range deviations on the backprojected images is analysed. The number of valid Compton events as well as the trigger rate expected in a realistic treatment plan with pencil beam scanning are estimated. The results support the use of a high density material despite its moderate energy resolution, in order to maximize the coincident efficiency. Nevertheless, they discourage the applicability of a two-plane Compton camera in a clinical scenario with usual beam currents.


The National Science Foundation through the Collaborative Research: Direct and Indirect Drivers of Land Cover Change in the Brazilian Cerrado: The Role of Public Policy, Market Forces, and Sugarcane Expansion.
The Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers (CLAG) through the James J. Parsons Ph.D. Field Study Award (2016).


In these studies, the efficiency of various decontamination protocols was tested on small pieces of materials commonly used in ground water sampling devices. Three materials, which ranged in ability to sorb organic solutes, were tested: stainless steel (SS), rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The test pieces were exposed to two aqueous test solutions: One contained three volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and one nitroaromatic compound, and the other contained four pesticides. Also, three types of polymeric tubing were exposed to pesticide solutions. Generally, the contact times were 10 minutes and 24 hours for sorption and desorption.


The direct synthesis of dimethyl ether was studied over the bifunctional catalysts of mechanical mixed commercial methanol synthesis catalysts(CuO/ZnO/Al2O3) and dehydration catalysts HZSM-5 with different Si/Al ratio(25,38,50 and 150) in a fixed-bed and high-pressure reactor.In this paper,several kinds of HZSM-5 with different Si/Al ratio were used to investigate their effects on the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether.The catalysts were characterized by means of BET,XRD and NH3-TPD.The results showed that the best Si/Al ratio of HZSM-5 catalyst used as dehydration catalyst is 50.


Before implementing a treatment technique, the characteristics of the beam under irradiation conditions must be well acknowledged and studied. Each one of the parameters used to calculate the dose has to be measured and validated before its utilization in clinical practice. This is particularly necessary when dealing with special techniques. In this work, all necessary parameters and measurements are described for the total body irradiation implementation in facilities designed for conventional treatments that make use of unconventional geometries to generate desired enlarged field sizes. Furthermore, this work presents commissioning data of this modality at Hospital das Clínicas of São Paulo using comparison of three detectors types for measurements of entrance dose during total body irradiation treatment.


Annual consumption of fertilizers has increased from less than 100,000 metric tons of nutrients in the early 1950s to 8.2 million metric tons (mmts) by 1984/85. The Seventh Five Year Plan aims at raising it to 14 mmts by 1989/90. The task of accelerating growth in fertilizer consumption extends beyond the Seventh Plan period because virtually all further growth in crop production will have to come from continuous increases in yields and all proven yield-increasing technologies depend on high levels of fertilizer application. Thus the real question concerning the future is not whether but how to accelerate growth in fertilizer us and ensure its maximum effectiveness in crop production. This paper discusses the above question by examining the past experience within a heuristic framework. The single most important conclusion of the paper is as follows: Because of the constraints on lowering prices of fertilizers and also on raising support prices of crops, non-price policies will be more crucial than ever before in determining the pace of future growth in fertilizer consumption. This, however, is no ground for pessimism about acceleration in future growth of fertilizer consumption or defeatist attitude in evolving policies required for the purpose. Under the present price environment, there is a vast scope to accelerate growth in fertilizer consumption through non-price policies which improve efficiency of fertilizer use, shift response functions up wards, and remove deficiencies in agricultural research, extension, and credit as well as fertilizer supply and distinction system.


The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of socioeconomic status on the achievement of high school students participating in a one-to-one laptop computer program. Students living in poverty struggle to achieve in schools across the country, educators must address this issue.
The independent variable in this study is socioeconomic status. Students identified low socioeconomic status (n = 21) that received free or reduced priced lunch. Students identified non-low socioeconomic status (n = 21) did not receive free or reduced price lunch. The dependent variables were student achievement on pretest eighth grade EXPLORE and posttest tenth grade PLAN and eleventh grade ACT subtest, and composite scores.
This study may provide insight into combatting the achievement gap of students struggling with poverty. Given the study outcomes, school districts may provide an increase in instructional technology as a way to improve achievement for all students.


Polymers have wide-ranging applications in food packaging and decorative products, and as insulation for electronic devices. For these applications, the adhesion of materials deposited onto polymer substrates is of primary importance. Not all polymer surfaces possess the required physical and/or chemical properties for good adhesion. Plasma treatment is one means of modifying polymer surfaces to improve adhesion while maintaining the desirable properties of the bulk material. This paper addresses the interaction of organic surfaces with the various components of a plasma, with examples taken from a review of the pertinent literature.


We discuss here different strategies for making arrays of Au nanoparticles using copolymer templates. Top-down and bottom-up routes are considered and the optical properties of as-prepared Au nanoparticles are discussed and compared to numerical simulations. Potential for applications such as biosensors or strain sensors is also assessed.


A robust telecommunications sector is now generally considered an essential driver for economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing economies of African, including Ethiopia. To that end, high quality engineering education with strong practical (and local) relevance is key to unlocking the benefits of telecommunications solutions. However, the engineering education offered by mainstream academic study programs in local high education institutions (HEIs) is limited in this perspective due to the gap that exists between the curricula and the realities of the local telecommunications industry. We describe the contextual background including the factors that led to development of the study program. Furthermore, we present the approach adopted in the program design and describe briefly approach used to formulate the structure and content of the resulting two-track Telecommunications Engineering study program. Thereafter, we present the study program and provide some early feedback from the program stakeholders (students and instructors) in the first year in which this program has been active. While there is an overall positive feedback on the program, so challenges remain in the program implementation (e.g. availability of suitable laboratory facilities). Moreover, we use the concluding discussions in the article to underline the need for more regular curricula or course updates for study program to keep pace with the increased pace of telecommunications standards evolutions.


The invention discloses a real-time monitoring device for high-tension transmission lines, which comprises a monitoring video camera, a solar panel, a storage battery, a third generation (3G) terminal device, an image work station, a personal computer (PC) work station and a short message calling device. The image monitoring video camera is used for collecting images and transmitting analog signals to the 3G terminal device; the 3G terminal device uses an H.264 compression mode to real-timely transmit the analog signals collected by the image monitoring video camera through a 3G network; the 3G network is based on telecom 3G wireless network channels and used for transmitting image data; the image work station is used for receiving, transmitting and managing the image data; and the PC work station is used for real-timely displaying front-end images. The real-time monitoring device for the high-tension transmission lines has the advantages of being capable of intelligently and real-timely monitoring the transmission lines, reducing the inspection cost of the transmission lines, improving the efficiency of monitoring the transmission lines, and the like.


We present a study of the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) of 51 dwarf galaxies (M ⋆ ≈ 106.5–109.5 M ⊙) at z = 2–3 from the A2744 and SMACS J0723-3732 galaxy cluster fields. These dwarf galaxies are identified and confirmed by deep JWST/NIRISS imaging and slitless grism spectroscopic observations. By taking advantage of the superior performance of JWST and the gravitational lensing effect, we extend the previous MZR relation at z = 2–3 to a much lower-mass regime down by ≈2.5 orders of magnitude as compared with previous studies. We find that the MZR has a shallower slope at the low-mass end (M ⋆ < 109 M ⊙), with a slope turnover point of ≈109 M ⊙. This implies that the dominating feedback processes in dwarf galaxies may be different from that in massive galaxies. From z = 3, to z = 2, the metallicity of the dwarf galaxies is enhanced by ≈0.09 dex for a given stellar mass, consistent with the mild evolution found in galaxies with higher mass. Furthermore, we confirm the existence of a fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) between the gas-phase metallicity, stellar mass, and star formation rate in dwarf galaxies at z = 2–3. Our derived FMR, which has no significant redshift evolution, can be used as a benchmark to understand the origin of the anticorrelation between the star formation rate and metallicity of dwarf galaxies in the high-z Universe.


This article surveys the recent political scene in the United States, paying particular attention to contradictions embedded in foreign policy and domestic initiatives. Also addressed are educational issues within the context of the struggle for both educational justice and economic justice. The author recounts, as well, some of his recent experiences in Michoacan, Mexico, and outlines an approach for social justice education through revolutionary critical pedagogy.


In this paper, the probabilistic selection of data dependent paths, in a time-augmented Petri net model, is introduced and tackled. Real-time systems are classified according to their timing requirements into soft real-time systems and hard real-time systems. It is shown that the type of real-time system to be modeled greatly effects the timing considerations that ensure proper performance. Expressions for the conditions needed to guarantee a correct functioning are derived. Some illustrative case studies are presented.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the mobilizational plane of Spain's Podemos party's populist proposal to transform popular outrage into political power. Drawing on thirty-four semi-structured interviews with current and former party members, it sheds light on how and why a group of formerly horizontalist activists decided to rely on a charismatic figure as both a symbol and a strong leader. This decision is explained in relation to the Laclau-inspired theoretical reflections on leadership and representation of Íñigo Errejón, Podemos' chief theorist in the early stages and intellectual author of the party's first organizational model. This paper also follows the evolution of Errejón and his circle as they move from advocating the need for strong leadership to blaming themselves for 'failing' to erect effective counterweights to centralized and personalized power. We see that they attribute this failure to their lack of a proper theory of organization, which, in turn, is tied to their belief that a charismatic leader could make up for the lack of well-developed organizational structures and lead Podemos to power before the 'populist moment' passed.


Analytical expressions for determining the geometric parameters of a stepped induction levitator have been obtained. They make it possible to simplify the solution of optimization problems. The resulting formulas take into account the allowable temperature rise of the windings, the limitation on the height of the windings, the dimensionless core coefficients and the minimum values of active power losses.

Keywords
stepped magnetic circuit, excitation winding, induction levitator, levitation winding


Research Highlights: This research advanced understanding of stakeholder relations within the context of innovation using citizen science in a biosecurity sociotechnical system (STS) in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Background and Objectives: It draws on recent experiences in the United Kingdom, where analysis of stakeholder engagement in the development of biosecurity surveillance technologies and citizen science initiatives have occurred to support understanding and development of forest and tree health biosecurity. Early detection technologies are essential as biosecurity risks to the primary sectors increase with the expansion of global trade and shifting pest dynamics that accompany a changing climate. Stakeholder engagement in technology development improves the chances of adoption but can also challenge the mental models of users in an existing STS. Materials and Methods: Two conceptual models that embed stakeholder relations in new information and communications technology (ICT) design and development were applied: (i) a future realist view of the general surveillance system incorporating citizen experts as species identifiers; (ii) a social construction of the ICT platform to surface mental models of the system in use creating the groundwork for evolution of stakeholder relations within STS innovation. A case study demonstrating how we addressed some of the practical limitations of a proposed systems change by applying sociotechnical innovation systems (STIS) theory to the development and adoption of new technologies for surveillance in the existing biosecurity system was presented. Results: Opportunities to enhance the capacity for early detection were considered, where the needs of diverse factors within a central government biosecurity authority and the wider citizenry are supported by the development of a general surveillance network (GSN).


Numerous studies have examined the mean/variance efficiency of various market proxies by employing sample parameters and have concluded that these proxies are inefficient. These findings cast doubt about the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), one of the cornerstones of modern finance. This study adopts a reverse-engineering approach: given a particular market proxy, we find the minimal variations in sample parameters required to ensure that the proxy is mean/variance efficient. Surprisingly, slight variations in parameters, well within estimation error bounds, suffice to make the proxy efficient. Thus, many conventional market proxies could be perfectly consistent with the CAPM and useful for estimating expected returns. The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com., Oxford University Press.


The waveforms of electric power generated from renewable energy sources can vary persistently in a random manner for a long period of time. This paper presents the design of load frequency controllers for power systems that are subject to persistent disturbances by using the principle of matching and the method of inequalities. In the design formulation, the generation rate constraint is explicitly taken into account and a battery energy storage system (BESS) is used. Moreover, a PI controller in the main loop and a lag/lead controller in the BESS minor loop are designed simultaneously so as to mitigate the effects of power fluctuation caused by normal load and renewable energy sources. The principal design objective is to guarantee that the peak magnitudes of frequency deviation, generation rate and BESS power output always stay strictly within respective bounds despite all possible disturbances. The numerical results clearly show that the framework adopted here is suitable for solving such a design problem.


This chapter contains short descriptions of material units and structures observed on the surface of Venus as well as an abbreviated history of discoveries, that led to the current knowledge of this planet's geology. It is shown that observed units and structures are broadly similar and commonly exhibit similar age sequences in different regions of the planet, although there is debate as to what degree these sequences can be integrated into any single global stratigraphic model. There is a broad consensus concerning the recent general geodynamic style of Venus (no plate tectonics), on the dominating role of basaltic volcanism in the observed crust-forming processes, and on the significant roles of both compressional and extensional tectonic deformation. Also not under debate is that we see the morphologic record of only the last ∼1 b.y. (or less) of the history of this planet and that during this time period the role of exogenic resurfacing was very minor. Several important unresolved questions of Venus geology are formulated and suggestions for future missions, that could lead to resolving them are given.


This article describes the procedure for the preparation and adoption of administrative regulations in the activities of the Migration Service as an effective way to implement the functions of the migration department, given the conditions required to ensure the legal importance of the optimization of administrative processes and the realization of the legitimate rights of citizens. The significance of drafting administrative rules to conduct mandatory anti-corruption expertise and as an essential factor of performance of public services with minimal interaction of all participants in the administrative rules.


Featured Article: Zheng GF, Patolsky F, Cui Y, Wang WU, Lieber CM. Multiplexed electrical detection of cancer markers with nanowire sensor arrays. Nat Biotechnol 2005;23:1294–301.2

There are >200 types of cancers, each with many variants. The devastating effects of cancer on patients and their families extract a huge loss. For instance, nearly 1.5 million people in the US alone are diagnosed with cancer every year. The importance of cancer diagnosis and subsequent treatment has long been recognized (1). In spite of progresses in understanding cancer, treatment has remained almost unchanged for the past few decades. Based on statistics from 2003, the death rates from cancer were about the same as in the 1950s. The 3 most frequently used treatments—chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery—destroy not only cancerous cells and tissues but also healthy ones, and one must wait for any reappearance of cancer to learn whether the treatment has worked. …


The work was done in order to increase the efficiency of BOF smelting by constructing closed-loop control system. The creation of BOF melt models was based on the combined modeling method, which includes deterministic, probabilistic and heuristic approaches, methods of automatic classification and the positive experience of the previous administration. A closed-loop system including a static, dynamic and closed control model BOF steelmaking process was developed. Static model provides payment options to begin the process of melting, dynamic – decarbonization rate calculation, changes in temperature and burn-up rate during purging impurities. Developed a closed-loop control adaptation held under 160-tonnage converters PJSC "ArcelorMittal Kriviy Rih". Economic effect of implementing a control system converter process is achieved through the issuance of heats on the specified steel grades, higher weight yield, improve product quality, saving time and materials. Closed-loop control provides settings for optimal process control.


In cursive writing the child has to produce small and continuous distal movements (Thomassen & Teulings 1983), through an instrument, the pen, requiring visual monitoring and ballistic control (Wann 1986). Young children tend to realize different writing sizes (Meulenbroek et al. 1985), while they explore postural positions in frequent discontinuous movements (Wann & Jones 1986); and, in complex graphemic tasks children require significantly longer writing times (e.g., Meulenbrock et al. 1985). Righthanders do not write more rapidly or legibly than lefthanders, however, lefthanders reveal techniques of adjusting positions for handwriting, with left-handed children that use the non-inverted


The article introduces a novel mechanism for automatic extraction of features from streams of numerical data. It was originally designed for the purpose of processing multiple streams of readings generated by sensors in coal mines. The original research was conducted on methane concentration analysis in the DISESOR project. The article demonstrates an application of the elaborated mechanism for the case of tagging short series of readings from sensors that monitor activities and movements of firefighters during the action with labels corresponding to firefighter activities. The purpose of the experiment was to assess how the automatic feature extraction and construction of classifiers (without parameters tuning and without the use of classifier ensembles) can cope with the competition's task in comparison to other participants.


Hannah Arendt once observed that giving a stray dog a name greatly enhances its chances of survival. Global Civil Society represents Keane's attempt to act on Arendt's observation. Although the concept of global civil society was coined in the 1990s, its contours and characteristics have been quite vague and undefined. By seeking to rectify this situation, Keane hopes to attach the name 'global civil society' to an idea and sets of practices that have had a floating, conceptually and theoretically unanchored existence so far. Keane's book represents an extended theoretical, empirical and normative argument for the concept of global civil society and was written partly to counter the perception, particularly after the invasion of Iraq and its disastrous aftermath that appears to have no end in sight, 'that the world is going to the dogs: that it is both too complex or too violent and crazy to deserve serious reflection' (p. xii). In response to the manifestly bleak global condition of humanity, Keane envisions global civil society – 'a big but modest idea with a radical difference' – to forge possible pathways to a global future based on non-violent, legally sanctioned power-sharing arrangements among different and interconnected forms of socioeconomic life that are distinct from governmental institutions.


the Gospel of the Egyptians and two gnostic groups, the Naasenes and the Sabbelians (analogous to the scholarship on the apocrypha, work on gnostic sources falls into several periods, with the contemporary period evincing even more dynamism than does work on the apocrypha). In general, however, commentators in this volume tend to steer clear of the question of Gnosticism, which arises most clearly in the case of the attitude toward sexuality in some apocryphal texts, such as the Apocryphon of John. As Hartenstein observes, both the debate over the term 'gnostic' and the growing awareness of the differences between different writings designated as 'gnostic' mean that each individual text has to be considered on its own terms. Yet maybe it would have been desirable for a separate chapter to consider the relationship between the early Christian apocrypha and the corpus, albeit highly fragmentary, of 'gnostic' texts as it has come down to us (not least in the form of the Nag Hammadi collection); or maybe OUP is contemplating a Handbook on Gnostic Writings...? There is certainly room in the market for a scholarly collection of papers of the weight and seriousness found here on the literature designated as 'gnostic'. And a further desideratum would be a consideration of the difficulties encountered in translating these texts, some of which exist in different versions. Taken together, the papers in this Handbook permit its readers to orient themselves in the sometimes bewildering original texts and occasionally equally bewildering secondary literature on this fascinating corpus. Accessible and serious in equal measure, the Handbook can sit alongside its companions in the OUP catalogue on biblical studies, early Christian studies, and the reception history of the bible, with all of which it has numerous points of crossover or intersection. The jacket illustration is a detail from a painted wooden ceiling panel (c. 1120) in the church of St Martin's in the little Swiss village of Zillis, depicting the incident narrated in the Infancy Gospel of Thomas (and, interestingly enough, the Qur'an) in which Jesus breathes life into a clay bird. By coincidence or design, the same image is used on the dust jacket of the latest OUP reprint of J.K. Elliott's edition of the Apocryphal New Testament, and this Oxford Handbook will send the reader back to the apocryphal texts, keen to read them afresh.


In order to predict the consumption and import quantum,the model of GM(1,1) was established based on the prediction of grey system.The prediction result showed that the consumption of iron ore will be 1.200 74 billion tons,1.367 72 billion tons and 1.557 93 billion tons;the import quantum of iron ore will be 0.777 56 billion tons,0.9222 29 billion tons and 1.093 97 billion tons in 3 years.Both of them were increasing,but the increasing rate of the import quantum is higher than that of the consumption.It will affect the development of the iron ore industry if this staus goes on.So,on the premise of controlling the consumption of iron ore,our country must take measures to restrict the increasing rate of the import quantum.First,the throughput of iron ore should be improved.Second,the circulation of iron should be cared about more to curb the growing proportion of the import quantum accounted for the proportion of consumption.


Trust model is proposed in grid entity transcation because of dynamics and uncertainly of campus grid. In this paper, a trust model in autonomous domain is presented. Researching on trust value calculating and updating in domain discuss the trust value calculating model in campus grid domain, This paper proposes the algorithms about trust value calculating and updating in grid entity.


This guide is designed to support the new Data Science major (Fall 2015), jointly offered by the Department of Computer Science and the Department of Statistics


This study aims to determine the types of plants, parts of plants that are used and how to use them as traditional medicine by the people of Wawona Village, Tatapaan District, South Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted in April 2022. The selection of respondents was carried out using a purposive sampling technique. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected through interviews with 30 respondents in Wawona Village, Tatapaan District, South Minahasa Regency. Secondary data is obtained from village data, such as geographic location, population, and village area. The results showed that there were 31 plant species from 21 families which were used as traditional medicine. The most numerous members of this family are Lamiaceae (5 species), the part most used to be processed into medicine are leaves (24 species), and the most common method of processing is boiling (23 species). According to respondents, the benefits of medicinal plants are that they can cure various diseases such as coughs, herpes, headaches, snake bites, fever, ulcers, sprains, cholesterol, stomach acid, rheumatism, kidney stones, wounds, back pain, appendicitis, gout, diarrhea, stomach ache, sore throat, anemia, acne, insomnia. It is also useful for lowering high blood pressure, stabilizing blood sugar, promoting milk production, relieving fatigue, relieving menstrual pain, increasing platelets, dealing with stress, overcoming digestive disorders, overcoming odor body, overcome hair problems, as well as a sedative.


The objectives of this study are to develop a stormwater management system that would contribute to improving water circulation, recycling...


Abstract In an age of globalization that is characterized by pervasive use of various forms of translation within different political contexts, theorizing the politics of translation assumes considerable importance. Such theorization has to move beyond linguistic, textual, cultural and national boundaries – by way of re-examining lived and living experiences of the politics of translation –and must involve reconstructing and rewriting the history of translation. This article seeks to explain, from a Chinese point of view, the political impact of globalization on translation, and to identify the domestic and international challenges that Chinese translation theorists face in theorizing the politics of Chinese translation within a postmodern, postcolonial and globalized context. Finally, it explores whether this Chinese effort to politicize translation can open up a new space for a much-needed intercivilizational dialogue with the West.


Shuttlecock used in a badminton match is light in mass (around 5 grams), and is strongly influenced by air drag force. For professional badminton players, the highest initial speed of the shuttlecock exceeds 84m/s (300km/hr), which is the fastest speed for a ball, racket or projectile sports. The shuttlecocks are of two kinds: one of feather and one that is a synthetic shuttlecock. A feather shuttlecock is constructed of 16 goose feathers with a cork base mostly. Also, a synthetic shuttlecock is made of plastic or nylon with a cork. Both shuttlecocks are light and of a complicated shape, therefore, it is extremely difficult for the shuttlecock to be launched at speeds of more than 42m/s without breaking the feather, even if the newest mechanical technology is used. In this study, new insertion equipment and the motion control system were proposed, and an exercise machine for badminton, used to project the shuttlecock at high speeds (over 42m/s), has been developed. The mechanism of the shuttlecock launcher in this machine was achieved using the friction force between two turn rollers and the shuttlecock. The results of the launcher experiments using the badminton machine show that the machine can project the feather shuttlecock at the maximum flight distance of about 11.5m, with a standard error of about 0.32m and the highest initial speeds being 52.8m/s. In the case of the synthetic shuttlecock, this machine achieved the maximum flight distance of about 9.7m, and the highest speeds being 47.8m/s.


Due to a growing demand for bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fast and efficient sterilization processes as well as barrier coatings to decrease gas permeation are required. To allow for treatment of the inner surface of such PET bottles a specialized microwave plasma source - referred to as the plasmaline - has been developed. The plasmaline is a coaxial waveguide combined with a gas-inlet which is inserted into the empty bootle and initiates a reactive plasma. To optimize and control the the diverse surface processes, it is essential to fully understand the microwave power coupling to the plasma inside the bottle, and thus the electromagnetic wave propagation along the plasmaline. In this paper, we present a detailed dispersion analysis based on an analytical approach. We study how modes of guided waves are propagating under different conditions (if at all). The analytical results are supported by self-consistent numerical simulations of the plasmaline and the plasma.


The objective of this paper is to present a series of
policies for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic
by the Costa Rican authorities. An exhaustive review
of the pandemic control policies was made in the
official government media, mainly the Ministry of
Health and the Costa Rican Social Security Fund
and some collective media. The first wave of the
pandemic in Costa Rica was quite mild, allowing the
government to address it with a series of quite effective
suppression and mitigation measures, which had the
unrestricted support of the population. The second
wave grew aggressively, causing social discontent due
to the economic impact. Due to the ineffectiveness of
the "hammer and dance" strategy, the Costa Rican
government has rethought that strategy, lifting certain
restrictions while recognizing the risk involved in
terms of the increase in cases of COVID-19 in cases
and deaths.


This article deals with the conditions and resources for small business development in various regions – evidence from the Republic of Buryatia. Today, it is especially important because the development of small businesses is vital to the Russian economy. Fluctuations in oil prices, the sanctions on behalf of certain Western countries, and the resulting inflation growth, as well as ruble depreciation have proved the instability of a commodity-based economy. Under these conditions, with an actually failed program of economic modernization, the need to attract resources for the greater use of scientific and industrial potential and for small business development is especially acute. The work describes the effect of climatic, political and socio-economic conditions of small businesses, and determines human and financial resources needed for its development.


The flipped classroom model is currently the model of teaching typically concerned after the Covid-19 epidemic in developing countries. Responding to the epidemic is situation, ending the epidemic in the classroom is reversed into the trend of modern education. More and more lecturers are approaching the model that combines digital learning outside the classroom and directly interactive activities in class. However, the effective use of flipped classroom is a current issue. The points in this study are drawn from the synthesis, and analysis of documents which are domestic and foreign works on the flipped classroom and personal experiences. After that, the article is going to give several suggestions to use the model effectively in Viet Nam.


The senes comprises a total of 219 cases. Determination of the placental site was in all cases performed by soft tissue radiography. In addition, one or more of the following studies was made in all cases: isotope placentography (RISA), ultrasound scanning (B-mode) and thermography. Caesarean section was done in 58 cases. The series includes 5 twin pregnancies and one triplet pregnancy. The accuracy of placental location by radiography and ultrasound was about the same. Owing to the radiation hazard, soft tissue radiography is a feasible alternative only during late pregnancy. Ultrasound scanning, on the other hand, may be made even in early pregnancy, since no harmful effects of this method have so far been observed. In the isotope examinations the accuracy of placental location was somewhat lower than in the radiographic and ultrasound investigations. This was perhaps in part due to the large size of the collimator employed, which permitted only a few counts to be obtained in the case of a small uterus, as in early pregnancy. For this reason the results are not quite comparable to those obtained with equipment better suited for the purpose. Using the isotope technique the radiation load to the mother was about 5 per cent of that connected with soft tissue radiography. The former method is therefore applicable at an earlier stage of pregnancy than the latter. Thermography was found to be a less useful method for placental location than the other techniques employed. This is in part due to the presence in the abdominal region of areas which are normally warmer than the surrounding tissues, i.e. the region of the liver and spleen, the umbilical region and the inguinal folds. These areas cause problems in the interpretation of the results. Isotope placentography using 131 1 requires premedication in the form of Lugol drops given on the preceding day to protect the maternal and foetal thyroid glands. The other methods used do not require any preparatory procedures. The four kinds of examination are all easily performed. Since the equipment for ultrasound may be brought to the bed-side, this method is perhaps the most convenient, considering that for soft tissue radiography and isotope placentography and thermography the patient has to be brought to an examining room.


The novel The Savage , by Guillermo Arriaga, enables us to study a neighborhood in Mexico City, at a specific moment: the Unidad Modelo (Model Housing Unit) of the late nineteen-sixties and early seventies. It is a middleclass housing area, built with the logic of modern architecture on the backdrop of the ideals of progress and post-revolutionary nationalism. Today it faces a reality where crime, insecurity and violence mark the territory. This is the starting point for a discussion of the relationship between civilization and barbarism from a socio-territorial point of view, and exploration of the intersection between literature and urban studies. It proposes a methodology for finding elements that can explain the place from the cultural sphere, emphasizing the symbolic appropriation of the city


Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus type 2 is a type of diabetes mellitus that often occurs in society, accounting for about 90% of cases of insulin production that are inadequate and total inability to respond to insulin known as insulin resistance. Type 2 DM is more common in parents, but more common in children, adolescents, and early adults. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease and is the fourth leading cause of death in Indonesia. The prevalence of Indonesian people with Diabetes Mellitus is 1.5%. For the Jakarta region in 2018 the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was the first order in Indonesia that was 26%.
Objectives: This research population is a community in the district of DKI Jakarta with a sample of 599 respondents who filled in the online quiz using the google form.
Method: Research was done on March-August 2021, with a kind of qualitative research descriptive using first-reserved data using the online quiz (google form) and secondary data obtained from 2018 RISKESDAS and Profil Kesehatan Kota DKI Jakarta 2018.
Result: Research results show that the majority of people in Jakarta still smoke actively (52%) and are passive smokers (48%), those who do not do as much physical activity (24.7%), and those with poor eating patterns (25.8%).


Quantum search is a quantum mechanical technique for searching N possibilities in only steps. This has been proved to be the best possible algorithm for the exhaustive search problem in the sense that the number of queries it requires cannot be reduced. However, as this paper shows, the number of non-query operations can be reduced by a third without a single increase in the number of queries.


The present study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Paederia foetida L. leaf extract were used as reducing agent from silver nitrate solution. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM-EDX). The synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with an average size of 24nm. The antimicrobial activity of the silver nanoparticles shows the diameter of inhibition zones around the disk for Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsella sp ., V. cholera, P. aerueginosa and E. coli bacterial suspension are 14mm, 26mm, 12mm, 24mm, and 16mm respectively. Among the four bacterial species, Klebsella sp . and P. aerueginosa was showed higher zone of inhibition 26mm and 24mm, respectively. The results were compared with the ciprofloxacin positive control and synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles with ciprofloxacin. In the concluding remarks, the silver nanoparticles synthesized using P. foetida leaf extract would be a better antimicrobial activity against various bacterial species, when applied as individual or combined with commercial antibiotic.


The development of a computer controlled piezo manipulation system for biomedical applications such as intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is presented. In addition, an optimal set of processing conditions can be derived using the Taguchi method to provide a good success rate for the ICSI process.


In this paper we examine the extremal tail probabilities of moving sums in a marked Poisson random field. These sums are computed by adding up the weighted occurrences of events lying within a scanning set of fixed shape and size. We also provide an alternative representation of the constants of the asymptotic formulae in terms of the occupation measure of the conditional local random field at zero, and extend these representations to the constants of asymptotic tail probabilities of Gaussian random fields.


The climb leg is one of the most accelerationintensive periods in a passenger aircraft flight. It was previously found that the passenger exposure to coughreleased airborne contaminants during climb may reach 2.8 to 3.0 times when compared to other legs [1]. In the current study, airflow design and source control strategies are researched numerically for their ability to reduce coughreleased airborne contaminant dispersion in the cabin of a Boeing 767-300 aircraft during climb. Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) was used to mimic the contaminant, which mainly comprises of cough-released particles in the size range from 1.6 to 3 μm in diameter. The airflow design strategies involved altering the supply airflow direction, while the source control strategies involved moving the cougher to different locations in the cabin. Among all cases, the relocation of the cougher to the left-side, centre-row location and changing the airflow direction in two and three dimensions exhibited the highest reduction in passenger exposure to contaminant compared to the baseline climb case. The exposure reductions were 0.5-0.7 times for the first case, 0.5-0.7 times for the second case, and 0.4-0.9 times for the third case, respectively. KeywordsAircraft acceleration; Airborne contaminants; Air quality; Aircraft ventilation; Source control; CFD


Chlorotrimethylsilane reacts with chromic anhydride to form a very reactive neutral chromium (Ⅵ) oxidizing agent. The active oxidizing species is not trimethylsilyl chlorochromate as was previously reported but chromyl chloride generated in equilibrium concentration. This oxidizing agent was proved very suitable for benzylic oxidations of toluenes and alkylbenzenes to benzaldehydes and aralkyl ketones. Dichlorodimethylsilane and trichlormethylsilane also react with chromic anhydride to form chromyl chloride in an equilibrium concentration.


Detection of changes due to movement in a real time video is very important tool. Patient movement & monitoring system is a system that is used to detect movement changes in patient. Those changes may be either abnormal behavior or unusual changes made by the patient in the absence of doctor. This paper presents the method of patient movement monitoring system for those patients that are taking medical treatment in both local and foreign hospitals with the help of frames comparison approach. In this project flex sensors are fixed in two hands of the patient when there is any movement in hands the sensor send information to the doctors by wireless communication. Glass setup with eye ball sensor is fixed in the patient's eye when any motions in the eye the sensor sense the value and send information to the doctor. Mems is used to find the patients leg movement and all the information is wirelessly transferred through PLC communication module and monitored in PC. Heartbeat and the temperature sensors are used to find the heart rate and the temperature of the patient.


The difficulties of modeling defense systems are related to adversarial reasoning. The main problem is to generate in real time intelligent predictive courses of action for all sides in a conflict. This problem is considered intractable by conventional approaches that suffer from the curse of dimensionality. Linguistic Geometry (LG), introduced in section 1of this tutorial, is a type of game theory scalable to modeling real world defense systems. LG allows us to overcome combinatorial explosion by changing the paradigm from search to construction (from analysis to synthesis). Modern applications of LG (see section 1), related to the US national defense, generate, in real time, courses of action that are highly creative and even exceed the level of those developed by human commanders. Currently, the U.S. Department of Defense is adopting the LG software to naval operations planning systems to command and control of infantry assault vehicles to missile defense testing, etc. All those advanced applications have been developed at STILMAN Advanced Strategies (STILMAN). Section 2 describes history of foundation, survival and expansion of this company.


The invention discloses a minimally invasive surgical robot master control data glove comprising a hand position mechanism, the hand position mechanism comprises a base and a four-bar mechanism; the four-bar mechanism comprises an upper arm, an upper forearm, a lower forearm and a lower arm hinged in sequence; a tail end joint is arranged on the hinge shaft between the upper forearm and the lower forearm; a hand control mechanism is arranged on the tail end joint; the hand control mechanism comprises an arm control mechanism, a wrist joint control mechanism and a palm sequentially connected in series, a thumb control mechanism, an index finger control mechanism and a middle finger control mechanism are connected on the palm in parallel, and each parallel connecting position is provided with a joint shaft; both the arm control mechanism and the wrist joint control mechanism are provided with joint shafts; each joint shaft is connected with a potentiometer. The invention is used for collecting the position signals of human hand moving in a three-dimensional space and the acting signals of the thumb, index finger, middle finger of hand, the wrist joint and the arms, and is applicable to control a minimally invasive surgical robot multifunctional tail end tool to carry out robot enterocoelia and thoracic cavity part minimally invasive surgery.


Patients around the world are rolled using \'log-roll\' techniques. However, these are painful to the patient, may cause damage, especially in spinal patients, and are difficult and sometimes dangerous for the nurse or physiotherapist performing the movement. This paper describes a vastly improved method of patient rolling which makes the movement safer and less painful for the patient, and much easier for the staff involved, reducing back strain. The method is for the patient to extend their arms out straight in the direction of rolling, and using the torque applied by their arm weight to roll them. Other log roll techniques are adopted as normal. This method is only applicable in circumstances where the patient is able to safely extend and hold their arms straight for several seconds.


In this paper we analyze an eigenvalue problem, involving a homogeneous Neumann boundary condition, in a smooth bounded domain. We show that
the problem possesses, on the one hand, a continuous family of eigenvalues and, on the other hand, exactly one more eigenvalue which is isolated
in the set of eigenvalues of the problem.


Fourier transform emission spectroscopy can make an important contribution in the observation of the Earth's atmosphere and in the investigation of atmospheric physics and chemistry. In this paper, we report the measurement performances and the result obtained by a Fourier transform spectrometer, named SAFIRE-A (Spectroscopy of the Atmosphere using Far Infrared Emission - Airborne), operating in the far infrared spectral region from limb
sounding observation of the atmospheric emission from a high altitude aircraft. After a short review of the advantages
of FTS emission limb sounding in comparison with competing techniques and observation geometries, a detailed description of the instrument is given with the result obtained during the APE-GAIA (Airborne Polar Experiment - Geophysica Aircraft In Antarctica) fi eld campaign carried out over the Antarctic Peninsula.


University, 6-7 July 2006. These proceedings are distributed by CILT, the National Centre for Languages and the Subject Centre for Languages, Linguistics and Area Studies. Copyright remains with the author(s). Available online at www.llas.ac.uk/cardiff2006 Speaking across frontiers – promoting the independent use of synchronous voice conferencing by scattered groups of Open University language learners


Indoor cell phone users often suffer poor connectivity. One promising solution to this issue, femtocell technology, has been rapidly developed and deployed over the past few years. One of the biggest challenges facing femtocell deployment is the lack of a clear business model. This study investigates the economic incentive for cellular operators (also called macrocell operators) to enable femtocell service by leasing spectrum resources to independent femtocell operators. We model the interactions between a macrocell operator, a femtocell operator, and end-users as a three-stage dynamic game, and derive the equilibrium pricing and capacity allocation decisions. We show that when spectrum resources are very limited, the macrocell operator has more incentive to lease spectrum to the femtocell operator, as femtocell services can help cover more users and improve the utilization efficiency of the limited spectrum resource. However, when the total spectrum resource is large, femtocell service offers significant competition to macrocell service and, as a result, the macrocell operator has less incentive to enable femtocell service. We also show the impact of the additional operational costs and limited coverage of femtocell service on equilibrium decisions, consumer surplus, and social welfare.


OBJECTIVE
To study the relationship between TCM syndrome type and expression of human leucocyte antigen-DRB1 (HLA-DRB1) in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

METHODS
Using PCR method to amplify the related segments of DNA extracted from peripheral leucocytes by the routine methods, and gene array analysis was performed to detect the expression of HLA-DRB1.

RESULTS
HLA-DRB1 * 13 was expressed in healthy person in the control group, but was not expressed in chronic hepatitis B patients, showing significant difference between the two groups. In the patients with five different syndrome types, i.e. the dampness blocking middle-jiao type (A), the Gan-stagnancy with Pi-deficiency type (B), the blood stasis blocking collaterals type (C), the Gan-Shen yin-deficiency type (D) and the Pi-Shen yang-deficiency type (E), the former three belonged to the excessive syndrome and the latter two were deficient syndrome. Most of the CHB patients were differentiated as excessive syndrome.

CONCLUSION
Difference of HLA-DR expression exists between chronic hepatitis B patients and healthy persons, the action of the difference is remained for further confirmation. HLA-DR expression in patients with different syndrome types, excessive or deficient, might be different, too.


THE RIGOR/RELEVANCE FRAMEWORK©:ITS RELATIONSHIP TO K-12 STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT ON STATEWIDE TESTS by CATHERINE COLAGROSS WILLOUGHBY MAY 2013 Advisor: Dr. Ingrid Guerra-Lopez Major: Instructional Technology Degree: Doctor of Philosophy This study generated empirical evidence about the characteristics of effective professional development for K-12 teachers and explored the relationship between professional development and student achievement. This study provided evidence about whether characteristics found in past studies could also be found in the Rigor/Relevance Framework, a teaching model, used for the purpose of improving student learning through activities which are rigorous and have relevance in students' lives. In order to fully understand the link between using the framework and student achievement, principals in schools using the framework were given a five component survey examining their use of it. They were chosen because of their ability to see an overall picture of school-wide instructional practices and culture rather than just what happened in the classroom; they also had the ability to influence the degree to which teachers adopted the Framework and taught it to their students. Statewide scores from these schools were analyzed to see if the use of the framework had a relationship to these scores in reading/language arts and math. Also findings in the context of other relevant literature were researched in order to identify inconsistencies or discrepancies between the practices used in the framework and other models for student improvement. There were several characteristics of different models that were found in the 134 framework, but not all of the characteristics were found in this particular model because the questions the researchers were asking to create this model were unique. The Rigor/Relevance Framework was formed to help educators create assignments that have real-world unpredictable results so that students can practice solving problems they will encounter in outside the school walls; it was not formed to help students succeed on statewide tests. However, this researcher wondered if real-world knowledge could help students remember facts and problems presented to them on these tests. Although principals in 88 out of 468 schools reported using the framework considerably on an anonymous survey, the researcher did not discover a significant relationship between the pervasive use of the framework and correct answers on statewide tests in math and language arts. 135 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT Catherine Colagross Willoughby graduated from Hillsdale College in 1990 with a degree in English and Elementary Education. After teaching for two years, she began her master's degree. In 1999, she completed her master's degree in Instructional Technology at Wayne State. In 2004, she decided to pursue her doctorate degree in Instructional Technology. While she was at Wayne State, she also taught seventh grade English and social studies. During this time, she received many awards: Teacher of the Year District Nominee Award in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008; The Korean Studies Workshop for American Educators Placement in 2007; Transatlantic Outreach Program Scholar in 2006; Japan Fulbright Memorial Fund Scholarship Winner in 2005; The Oakland Press Excellence in Education Nominee in 2005; MACUL TAPS Grant Winner in 2004; and The Sallie Mae Outstanding Teacher of the Year in 1996. She also spoke at several state and county conferences. Currently, she is adjunct faculty at Oakland University in the Human Resources Department and also a media specialist (she completed her Master's degree in Library and Information Science in 2012) and a teacher in the Oxford School District.


The traditional management mode of agricultural products has its limits in such aspects as value loss, low competitiveness and little room of cost cut of agricultural products. And supply chain management has its advantages in improving the efficiency of all the enterprises on the supply chain of agricultural products and reducing the operating risk. However, the imperfect supply chain may lead to the "Bullwhip Effect".


Free and bound monoterpene and C 13-norisoprenoid concentrations of Weisser Riesling wines of different vintages and from different regions in South Africa, Germany and Northern Italy were compared. The concentrations of some of these compounds differed between climatic regions. For example, older Weisser Riesling wines from South Africa displayed significantly higher 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN), trans-vitispirane and trans- 1,8-terpin concentrations than those from the cooler European countries. Canonical and stepwise discriminant analysis of the wine data allowed the successful classification of the wines according to origin. A comparison of meteorological data of the countries revealed that in the cooler wine regions of Germany and Northern Italy the average daily temperatures were lower, the average monthly rainfall higher and the daily sunshine hours fewer than in the warmer South African wine regions.


This article describes the composite Social-Cognitive Map (SCM), a user-friendly method to identify groups of persons in natural settings. The method is introduced, with its foundations, the interview procedure, the use of SCM software 4.0, and the analysis of the information it yields. Despite having a large tradition, this software is quite unknown in Spanish speaking contexts. This method can be applied in various fields, but in this study we focus on the school context, the classroom and the student groups in the classroom. The SCM provides information on: a) the identity of individuals who are members of a peer group and the people with whom each individual is more closely affiliated; b) the number of peer groups and the centrality of each group within the social network (class); and c) the centrality of each individual in the classroom. Finally, the results obtained in studies which applied this method are commented, and information about its validity, reliability and generalization is provided.


Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, afflicting millions of lives each year. Our current study suggests that the development of the most promising 7-substituted -1-(4-(piperidine-1-yl methoxy)benzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide derivatives results in potent anticancer agents through in-silico investigations. The molecular docking was performed against estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) positive (PDB ID: 3UUD) of breast cancer cells to anticipate the binding modes of the designed compounds and the likely mode of action. The interactions between the ligands and amino acid residues were thoroughly elucidated. The stability of the docked protein-ligand complexes was further confirmed by 100 ns molecular simulations methods. From in-silico studies, indole-based benzamides exhibited satisfactory physicochemical, drug-likeness and toxicity properties. To conclude, the most promising substituted benzamide analogs on the indole ring could serve as a possible modulator against ER-α positive breast cancer.


This paper proposes a high power facter rectifier composed of only passive devices. It consists of a single phase diode rectifier having a L-C resonant circuit in parallel with the diode output and a series reactor to pumping up the charge stored in the resonant circuit capacitor. It enables wide current conduction width and decreases its peak value. As a result, harmonics in the input current is decreased and the power factor is improved, which will be satisfied the harmonic regulation enforced in near future.The absence of switching devices as FETs makes high reliability, high efficiency, strength to over load, and no radio noise. In this paper, it is shown input harmonic current components, output voltage, and other characteristics by charts for circuit design. Input power factor of 98.4%, the total harmonic distortion of 17.4%, and the efficiency of 93.3% are confirmed by experiment with rated condition of 1.0kW, 100V system.


Strain gage tests on a truck of the Odakyu "S.E." train under running were conducted, and the authors obtained the results as listed below : (1) On a well maintained track as the one between Ofuna and Chigasaki stations, the lateral force caused a pair of wheels and axle is within 2.5t accordingly the maximum speed being 145 km/h on straight lines, 85 km/h on the 400 m curve, 100 km/h on 500 m curve and 140 km/h on point. Deduction from the results suggests posibility of further speed-up. (2) On a less well maintained track as the one between Kannami and Numazu stations, much larger lateral forces sometimes occur at a high speed, even on the straight track. (3) The maximum ratio of dynamic stress to static stress of car axles is about 2.0. (4) In view of material strength, the wheel, the axle, the bogie frame and the upper bolster-all can afford to be made lighter.


A large body of research finds that individuals who set more difficult career aspirations for themselves in adolescence or early adulthood tend to achieve more as adults, both in terms of income an...


Mathematics anxiety is one of the important factors affect students mathematics achievement. This present research investigates profile of students' mathematics anxiety. This research focuses on analysis and description of students' mathematics anxiety level generally and its dominant domain and aspect. Qualitative research with case study strategy was used in this research. Subject in this research involved 15 students of 7th grade chosen with purposive sampling. Data in this research were students' mathematics anxiety scale result, interview record, and observation result during both mathematics learning activity and test. They were asked to complete mathematics anxiety scale before interviewed and observed. The results show that generally students' mathematics anxiety was identified in the moderate level. In addition, students' mathematics anxiety during mathematics test was identified in the high level, but it was in the moderate level during mathematics learning process. Based on the anxiety domain, ...


In order to optimize the liquid medium for cultivation of Pholiota attrivella(Fr.)Kumm.,orthogonal experiment was conducted on the base of single factor tests.The carbon source,nitrogen source and inorganic salt(K2HPO4,MgSO4.7H2O) component and concentration were screened and selected to optimize the liquid medium formula.The results showed that the optimized P.attrivella liquid culture medium formula contained glucose 20 g / L,corn meal 50 g / L,soybean meal 50 g / L,K2HPO4 3 g / L,and MgSO4.7H2O 4 g / L.


Hierarchically ordered mesostructured silica was prepared using the mixture of silicone surfactant and P123 as the template. Hexagonal nanopores were built in layered silica walls to form complex mesostructures. The lamellar mesophase and hexagonal nanopores in the walls were independently templated from silicone surfactant and P123.


Objective To observe the possibility of the killing effect of intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT)to the echinococcosis of bone in rats of Xinjiang,and to explore the killing effects of IMRT to the the echinococcosis of bone in rats.Methods Fifty purebred bone echinococcosis rats were selected and the left thighbone of the rats were irradiated by the models of intensity modulated radiotherapy,the total irradiation doses were 40Gy.The left and right samples of echinococcosis were taken out from the bone on first week after radiation.Extract the germinal layer cells,and all the samples were observed by the electron microscope and evaluated the expression of apoptosis-associated gene of Caspase-3by RT-PCR.Results After one week,the distinct apoptosis echinococcosis cells were mainly were observed by the electron microscope in the left thighbone which treated by intensity modulated radiation therapy(67.39±17.35),but not appeared in the right side.RT-PCR indicated that the expression of Caspase-3[with RQ value of(67.39±17.35)]has a large number of expression,but not very much appeared in the right side[with RQ value of(1.43±0.53)].Conclusion It is evident that the structure of cysts of bone echinococcosis cells in rat can be damaged by IMRT,which the mechanism of which may be related to the regulation of Caspase-3.


We demonstrate that single, narrow solitary beams can be locally excited in a large-beam pump field and that their position is adjustable within a 50-cell matrix by use of a 15-pJ seeding signal as an addressing control parameter.


Several examples are used to show that the reactivity of dichloro- and trichloropyrimidyl dyes and the sensitivity of their dyeings to hydrolysis are determined by the nature of the bridge unit between the chromophore and the reactive system. The tendency of the dyeings to hydrolyze in acid and, more particularly, in alkaline media increases with increasing reactivity of the dyes. In alkaline media, dyeings made with dyes containing oxygen bridges are cleaved mainly between the reactive system and the chromophore, while in dyeings made with dyes containing imino or methylimino bridges, the linkage between the reactive system and the cellulose is hydrolyzed.


Onychomycosis is a disease of high incidence in the nail plate and responsible for approximately half of the cases of nail infections. Conventionally, dermatologists prescribe antibiotics and antifungals for long periods for its treatment. The high incidence of this type of infection and the increase of microbial strains resistant to the available drugs have justified the importance of the development of new technologies and treatments. This paper presents the photodynamic therapy as an alternative treatment of onychomycosis. New strategies for the use of curcumin as a photosensitizer and its therapeutic response were investigated in different formulations (gel and emulsion). Photodynamic therapy is a promising technique by which microorganisms are eliminated by a photosensitizing compound , light and oxygen. It was evaluated in two patients who had developed lesions in the fingernails caused by onychomycosis for approximately 10 years. The lesions were treated by photodynamic therapy with curcumin. The therapeutic efficacy was observed after a maximum of six photodynamic therapy sessions without any other adjuvant therapy. Curcumin has become more promising than the therapeutic standard as it is a natural and versatible drug for incorporation in different formulations, at low cost and low probability of side effects.


In a previous paper published in 1920 I 1 reviewed 1,000 successive dispensary cases with reference to the incidence of tuberculosis in husband and wife. Since then I have reviewed 5,000 more cases, making a total of 6,000 examined to date. In the previous paper I reviewed the literature up to that time. The most notable change in the literature since then on this subject has been the discussion as to whether tuberculosis, the disease, is endogenous or exogenous in origin. This will be discussed later; but I do feel now that with the addition of the further study of 5,000 cases we can take a more definite and conclusive stand with regard to adult infection. This is a highly important question. It is one in which mankind the world over is interested and is entitled to know. I believe we now have sufficient data at hand to give the


In the light of critical social theory and through a literature review, we aim to discuss the Brazilian Education policy after the coup d'etat, which took place in 2016, highlighting the initiatives aimed at basic education under the pillars of regression, disruption and dismantling of educational public policy, causing its ontological emptiness, the flexibility of the curriculum and the precarious working conditions portrayed in the Movement School without Party, in the Common National Curriculum Base and in the High School Reform. Finally, we signal the necessary articulation of the working class in defense of public and quality education.


Focus of the paper is the MOVPE process development for Al‐containing antimonides on GaSb substrates, which has been proven to be specifically challenging. First, the deoxidation of GaSb substrates was investigated. It was found that Ga2O3 is reduced to volatile Ga2O at moderate temperatures by molecular hydrogen used as carrier gas in the MOVPE environment. For the deposition of the Al‐containing antimonides DMEAA (dimethylethylamine alane) was used as Al‐precursor. Unfortunately this precursor suffers from severe pre‐reactions with other metalorganics (MO) and a low vapor pressure. To meet the challenging demands of the industrial growth of Al‐containing antimonides an AlX2600‐G3 Planetary Reactor® with new 9×2‐inch substrate configuration was developed. This is the first multiwafer reactor that was specifically designed for the growth of antimonides. Major advantages of this reactor are the reduction of pre‐reactions, higher MO efficiency as well as excellent layer homogeneity and reproducibility.


In recent years, environmental pollution becomes acute and there is serious level of awareness among stakeholders on the issue. Indian oil companies are taking many initiatives in providing environmental friendly energy in the economy. OIL, ONGC, IOC, NRL & Reliance Petroleum are some of the sole responsible organizations to maintain fossil fuel sector in India. They are accountable to next generation for oil, gas and other natural recourses in the country. Optimum use of these resources is very necessary to ensure sustainable development. This study shows that oil companies in India are concerned for environment. They show some kind of qualitative information on environment issues and its impact in their annual reports. Demand for fossil fuel will increase with the increase in economic growth, where the supply of these resources is insufficient to meet its demand and will exhaust one day. Therefore, the accounting and reporting of these resources have become inevitable.


[Objective]To discuss the influence factors of immunization adverse reactions,and look for the effective measures to reduce the adverse reactions.[Methods]Case investigation data of immunization adverse reactions collected from a community immunization clinic from 2000 to 2006 in Fuling,Chongqing were statistically analyzed.[Results]From 2000 to 2006,there were 25 254 immunizations in total of nine kinds of vaccines,the adverse reaction cases were 676,the mean incidence rate was 2.68%,the highest was the whole-cell DPT vaccine with 20.99%,the cell-free DPT was 3.18%(P0.01),the main type was local or systemic,moderate or strong responses,in those responses,the highest proportion was the whole-cell DPT vaccine.[Conclusion]The whole-cell DPT vaccination adverse reaction rate was higher.


Ozone, the principal component of photochemical smog, frequently reaches concentrations that exceed the federal 1and 8-hour standards (124 ppb and 84 ppb, respectively) in central California. The Central California Ozone Study (CCOS) was conducted in 2000 to investigate the causes of the region's high ozone. The study described in this paper uses CCOS data collected during a period of elevated ozone from July 31 to August 2, 2000, to numerically simulate the formation of ozone. In Part I of this paper (Wilczak et al., 2004), meteorological fields for this period were generated using several different options, including different representations of the land surface and with and without the use of four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA; Stauffer and Seaman, 1994). In Part II of this paper we investigate the effects of using the different meteorological fields described in Part I on simulated ozone.


Previous outsourced database server based on all data encryption can not effectively balance the relationship between data processing properties and the data privacy protection.Aiming at the shortages,this paper presents a privacy protection method based on a single outsourced database server.It combines fragmentation and encryption that can provide both efficient privacy protection and query processing.Based on the approximation algorithm for the minimal encryption attribute fragmentation,the method allows storing the outsourced data on a single database server and minimizing the amount of data represented in encrypted format.Theory analysis shows that this method has efficient privacy protection and query processing.


Healthy Kids, Healthy Families is a program of outreach and research that has been developed to address treatment and prevention of the childhood obesity epidemic through a family-centered, multidisciplinary approach. The American Dietetic Association recommends community-based and environmental interventions as the most feasible methods to support healthful lifestyles for the greatest numbers of children and families (Ritchie, Crawford, Hoelscher, & Sothern, 2006). Healthy Kids, Healthy Families was developed as an innovative, collaborative program to help children and families maintain healthy weight, through impacting the systemic medical and psychosocial aspects of overweight in children. The program involves in-home, family-based intervention followed by multi-family group education and community outreach.


The effluent from the secondary sedimentation tank of coke wastewater biochemical treatment pool was treated by Fenton oxidation-flocculation precipitation method.The effects of hydrogen peroxide dosage,the mole ratio of Fe2+/H2O2,the dosage of PFS,the pH value and reaction time on TOC and COD removal rate are investigated and the appropriate reaction conditions are determined.The experimental results show that the removal rate of TOC and COD reaches 90.7 % and 72.7 % respectively and COD effluent quality conforms to the first grade of the National Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB 8978—1996).


The idea of all-round construction of a comfortably-off society has deep ideological implication.A general comfortably -off society and an all -round comfortably -off society mark developmental stages of civilization at two different levels.To″be comfortably-off″in culture is the target of cultural development,the direction of advanced culture represented by Chinese Communist party,and a choice in practice which can improve the spiritual life of Chinese people.To″be comfortably-off″in culture suits the demand of development of advanced productive force in China and embodies the higher civilized pursuit of contemporary men.In contemporary cultural construction,to cultivate the moral spirit of the whole nation is the core in being"comfortably-of"in culture and in improvement of the spiritual life of Chinese people.


The solitary-wave solutions of degenerate four-wave mixing are obtained by directly solving the coupled equations. The properties of the solitary waves are studied. It is found that the solitary waves are amplified asymptotically and the solutions are stable. Solitary-wave formation is a result of the large signal interactions. The expressions for the velocity and pulse width of solitary waves are also given. Possible applications are discussed.


Baum-Welch algorithm most likely results in underflow in practice. Some literatures such as 1 - 3 introduce "Scaling" algorithm for solving the problem. In applications, it is found that there are some mistakes in the formulae presented in these literatures. The practical calculation shows that the original algorithm often results in poor convergence or even divergence and result in high error rate in speech recognition. This paper analyses the mistakes in these literatures and bring forward the right formulae. The speech recognition system using the revised algorithm can converge well and has low error rate.


Based on the rural drinking water situation and regional characteristics of social economy in China, the main causes for rural difficult drinking water situation as well as their factors are analyzed. The above causes are then classified, and some countermeasures are put forward.


The "standing order" for laboratory work called "routine lab" for every admission to Siriraj Hospital is almost always carried out. It usually consists of a complete blood count, fasting blood sugar, BUN, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chlorides and bicarbonate. Serum albumin and globulin, chest roentgenograms and EKGs are also frequently included. It has been questioned whether these laboratory tests actually help in diagnosis and/or result in better treatment of the patient. A study was initiated to determine the attentiveness of the physician who ordered such tests. The responsible physician was judged inattentive if results of laboratory studies ordered "routinely" deviated significantly from the normal and he or she failed to respond appropriately within 3 days.  We found that in a series of 300 consecutive patients where "routine" blood chemistries were ordered, 73.75% of the deviated values were overlooked. Routine serum electrolytes were ordered in 84.7% of these patients, of which 55.4% revealed abnormal results. Sixty six percent of these deviations were ignored by the responsible physician.  Only 7.9% of "routine" blood chemistry and 2.4 of blood electrolytes results were used to diagnose disease or manage the patient.  If, however, laboratory studies were ordered for specific indications (evaluation of anuria, anaemia, jaundice etc) the usefulness of the studies in planning therapy increased to 98.2%.  We concluded that the so called "rountine lab" orders should be discontinued. Laboratory studies should only be ordered after history taking and physical examination have identified a problem requiring study.


Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas is the most common benign neoplasm of the pancreas, tending to have a very good prognosis and treatable by surgical excision. The solid variant of serous cystadenoma of the pancreas is a very rare subtype with only a few cases reported in recent literature, mostly in elderly females.

 An asymptomatic 85-year-old woman presented with a large pancreatic mass. Endoscopic ultrasound findings were consistent with an ill-defined large isoechoic mass involving almost the entire pancreas, with no significant common bile duct dilation. Fine-needle aspiration was performed.

 The smears showed groups of cells with uniform nuclei, ample cytoplasm, inconspicuous nucleoli, minimal cytologic atypia, and absent mitotic activity, suggesting a benign or low-grade lesion. A solid aggregate of these cells was present in the cell block, which was positive for CK7, inhibin, and PAS. Negative staining for chromogranin, synaptophysin, and B-catenin helped exclude neuroendocrine tumors and solid pseudopapillary neoplasm. Additionally, absent staining for PAX-8, ER, PR, BRST-2, GATA-3, CK20, CDX2, Melan-A, and calretinin helped exclude other metastatic clear cell lesions.

 Diagnosis of solid variant serous cystadenoma of the pancreas can be challenging due to nonspecific clinical symptoms and misdiagnosis as other solid pancreatic tumors. Based on the clinical, radiologic, cytologic, and immunohistochemical features, we favor a diagnosis of solid variant of serous cystadenoma. Recognition of this lesion is important because the vast majority of solid tumors in the pancreas are malignant. The differential diagnosis includes the rare primary clear-cell "sugar" tumor of the pancreas, clear cell carcinoma, clear cell islet cell tumor, and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, the diagnosis of solid-type serous cystadenoma of the pancreas is frequently dependent on a series of immunohistochemical and molecular studies.


Thr design of a new algorithm for the simplification of expressions which are polynomial in the Riemann tensor [11] and its covariant derivatives is described. The simplification of such indicial expressions is complex and should be based on nondeterministic algorithms, Due to the large number ofpossible terms the nondeterministic algorithms should be complemented by stochastic methods to control the size of the search space, We show that appropriately implemented genetic algorithms can provide solutions to these problems. Thealgorithms have been implemented inthe MapleTensor system for performing indicial and component tensor calculations using symbolic computation.


Aim: To evaluate the prognosis value of ASCOT (A Severity Characteristics of Trauma) for thoracic patients injured from traffic accidents. Methods: Three hundred and forty one patients from 2261 victims of traffic injuries were assessed with RTS, AIS ISS and ASCOT, and the prognostic survivals and deaths were compared with those of actual outcome. Results: The results showed that the ASCOT was satisfactory in the prognosis for survival patients, but not sensitive for died patients, e.g., there was a high incidence of mistaking died patients for survivals. The causes of such aberration might be (1) systemic errors of using foreign standard of trauma score to evaluate Chinese victims; (2) deficiency of trauma score system; (3)technical errors of performing trauma score assessment. Conclusion: We consider it necessary to establish Chinese database of trauma material in order to enact trauma score standard in China.