Application of Lagrangian meshless methods in modeling granular flow has been a major concern for researchers due to their particular nature. For modeling granular movement, it is assumed that the particles are continuous. The SPHysics code is developed for modeling the movement of Newtonian fluids in which the pressure is derived from the state equation. In this study, [Formula: see text] and Herschel–Bulkley–Papanastasiou (HBP) viscoplastic models are implemented in the SPHysics code to analyze the movement of grains induced by the applied stresses. In the first model, the movement of granular particles is based on the characteristics such as inertia and friction coefficient, and in the second model, the movement is related to the non-Newtonian viscoplastic behavior of fluids. The accuracy of the models is evaluated by simulating the experimental benchmarks for granular dam break. The effect of length-to-height ratio on the failure mode of dam break phenomenon is also investigated. The performance of the models is increased by introducing the gate removal speed and also the harmonic mean of the viscosity instead of the viscosity proper to each particle. This study shows that the models could capture the behavior of grains in the static and the dynamic parts of the mass body.


The article analyses the employment characteristics. The employment rate was studied in selected regions of Europe, and subsequently, for selected variables: total population employed, women employed and men employed, classic econometric models were constructed and the necessity of including the spatial factor in the process of modelling was verified. The demographic variables and GDP per capita were chosen as explaining variables of the model. It was analysed whether including a spatial approach in the models would improve their quality. Two basic spatial models were taken into consideration: the spatial error model and the spatial lag model, the former of which turned out to be the right tool for the analyses.


A guide to the European Union's R&D Policy, with hyperlinks to sources of information within European Sources Online and on external websites.


This paper investigates the impact of segmentation on the Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) and Integral Non-Linearity (INL) of a 10-bit differential output current-steering Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), implemented in a 40 nm, 2.5 V, CMOS process. The achievable DNL improvement was characterized by simulating all intermediate degrees of segmentation possible between a binary and a thermometric implementation. The DNL results ranged between (-0.467, +0.474) LSB and (-0.024, +0.026) LSB with the INL remaining almost invariant at (-0.376, +0.345) LSB. The differential output current of +/-1mA was achieved for a circuit with an active analog area of 0.01 mm2.


- This study presents the variations of the seasonal median values of the height of peak electron density of the F2-layer (hmF2). The values were derived from ionosonde measurements at a mid-latitude station in Rome (ROM) (41.8 o N, 12.5 o E). These values were analyzed and compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007) model, using Comite' Consultatif International des Radio Communica-tions) (CCIR) and Union Radio-Scientific Internationale (URSI) options. The analysis covered hmF2 values for December Solstices (November, December and January), March Equinox (February, March and April), June Solstices (May, June, July) and September Equinox (August, September, October) during the high and low solar activity periods of 2001-2002 and 2007-2008 respectively. The IRI-2007 model prediction follow fairly well the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the observed values of hmF2 at all the three stations. However, the model overestimates and underestimates hmF2 at different times of the day for both solar activity periods and in all seasons considered. For both solar activity periods considered, the CCIR and URSI options of the IRI-2007 model give hmF2 values close to the ones measured. How-ever, the CCIR option performed better than the URSI option.


In one of my hours of gentle and clear awareness, I visited my trustee and benefactor, Chamberlain Andreas Henrik Stibolt, at that time chief-of-staff to the admiral of the dockyard at Gammel Holm. He was the first to ask me if I wished to travel to Bornholm. I was startled at this question as if inebriated with joy, and with ardour exclaimed: Oh well! the sooner the better! There or nowhere will I recover. – My noble benefactor promised to reserve my return trip home with one of the sailors ready to sail. A few days later, the Chamberlain's servant picked me up in a coach, which drove me to the Channel, where we boarded one of our small yachts, which with a gentle and calm wind brought me to my beloved and happy place of birth [Bornholm], where the divine Providence granted me my life – indeed even more – my lost faculties and health again. The moment that I drove to the beach [to sail to Bornholm], I lost all composure. I thought that I was being taken to the place of executions as an evil-doer, and that a great number of people steamed together to watch my execution. I first woke up from this disastrous dream when I came down into the cabin and there found one of my old acquaintances and friend, skipper Jens Munk here from Rønne, who was so obese that he almost took up all the room in the rather narrow cabin, and why he asked me to creep into a small berth. However, I noticed that my good friend was having a big schnapps and cut himself a nice slice of sandwich. My teeth watered at this sight. And with great greed I seized the slice that the skipper had wanted for himself. He got frightened and said: Oh, they have really made you slim – my boy! His pity went as far as to pour me a big schnapps, which I drank without any reflection, but as I was not used to this drink, and as it was disgusting for me, I had to vomit right away. Perhaps this evacuation was not useless for me, above


Were the builders of Stonehenge and the painters of Altamira (Fig. 1) cognitively and behaviorally like present-day humans? Did those prehistoric people have language? In the absence of writing, these never-asked questions cannot be answered with direct evidence. However, we take it for granted that, yes, they were, and they did. We do so because we instinctively know that such works require the capacity for abstract thought, deep foresight, and sophisticated communication. In current scientific discourse, this "complex" cognition is set against the simpler modes that can be observed in other species and are assumed to also have characterized our nonhuman ancestors. Hence the question that lies at the core of much paleoanthropological research: When, how, and why did humans acquire language and so-called "modern" (i.e., like present-day) cognition and behavior? Or, put another way, when did humans become, well, "human"? In PNAS, Niekus et al. (1) speak to these issues based on their analysis of a 50,000-y-old flint flake dredged from the postglacially submerged Rhine-Meuse Valley in the North Sea off Holland. The flake is embedded in birch bark tar and is of Neandertal make. It adds to comparable finds showing that Neandertals used artificial adhesives to haft, or better handle, stone tools across their entire geographic range and since at least 200,000 y ago.

Fig. 1.
Material culture as a basis for inferences about language and cognition. ( A ) Neolithic stone circle at Stonehenge, England. ( B ) Upper Paleolithic tectiform sign from El Castillo Cave, Spain. ( C ) Middle Paleolithic stalagmite circle at Bruniquel Cave, France. Reprinted with permission from M. Soulier/Societe Speleo-Archeologique de Caussade. ( D ) Middle Paleolithic scalariform sign from La Pasiega, Spain. If A and B , which were made by anatomically modern people, imply language and cognitive capacities like those of present-day humans, so too should C and D , …

[↵][1]1Email: joao.zilhao{at}ub.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


TruthTRUTH's approach has two distinct steps. First he proves that his god exists by arguing that the universe needed a creator, and quite coincidentally his god happens to be its creator. "Stuff doesn't pop out of thin air," he writes. The second step is that one cannot disprove the existence of his god simply because we don't "perfectly understand its nature," and "because it isn't tangible or even explainable." Significantly, he puts love, thoughts and emotions into this same category, suggesting that "just because you can't show someone else your thoughts, or explain exactly what a thought even is, doesn't mean thoughts don't exist."


The paper attempts to analyze the combination of usage of stream of consciousness,Post-impressionism painting techniques,and the poetic techique in this novel.All these factors contribute to its long standing pesition in the literary world after the decline of the stream of consciousness novel.


The functionalization of graphene and (8,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with individual 3d transition metal (TM) atoms was modeled using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The structural geometry, magnetism, and binding energies were analyzed in terms of the density of states (DOS), Bader charges, and organometallic M(η6-C6H6) orbital molecular models. Trends in the binding energies were explained by a model, which included several contributions from the chemisorbed atoms: Coulomb interaction, 3dn4sx → 3dn+x electronic promotion energy (EPE), and occupation of the 1e2(δ), 2e1(π), and 2a1(σ) metal orbitals. 4s occupation, which causes Pauli repulsion, explained the physisorption trends of Cr, Mn, and Cu. The model was successfully extrapolated to a convex surface, such as that of (8,0) SWCNTs. The potential energy surfaces for the adatoms adsorbed on graphene were determined to evaluate the diffusion energy barriers. We found that Sc, Ti, Fe, and Co metals could be isolated on the gr...


Extraordinary complexity resulted from the cross-cutting and often shifting ties between local factions, who often competed with each other, their several relationships with Damascus and its governors and Janissaries, and, in turn, their links to the imperial capital. Keeping all this straight and occasionally offering detailed corrections to the works of Salibi and Bakhit constitutes the central contribution by the author to scholarship. However, a large number of questions remain unanswered, which perhaps are unanswerable and outside the scope of a work such as this (oriented toward a narrow definition of political history). The geographic, social, economic, religious, intellectual, cultural, and demographic factors that influenced local political history are not examined nor, in most cases, are they even mentioned. Very exciting work along the lines of economic and social history is currently being done in regard to Ottoman Aleppo, Damascus, Jerusalem, and Cairo; perhaps similar information does not exist for the more rural regions Abu-Husayn examines, or perhaps this could be the basis for another book, one that would be most welcome. Amid the chaos and tragedy of modern day Beirut, the production of a scholarly, carefully balanced, meticulous, and very well researched study of early Ottoman Syria is a major achievement. Inside the bounds he has set for himself, Abu-Husayn has produced a book worth reading by the small but growing number of those interested in the Ottoman period in the histories of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordan.


According to the Miner principle,the influence of ladder spectrum which was usually used in valuation of fatigue life was analyzed.The stress interference of mathematic model of transform S-N curve and fitting curve of ladder spectrum was founded.The parameter was gained by using numerical analytic method,and the integrabel formula of fatigue damage was derived.The test data of many load spectrums which were got form side bearer of bogie with in 360 000 kilometers(a segment fix period) were analyzed,and the rule of convergence trend about the ladder of load spectrum and fatigue was founded,and the fatigue life was estimated more accurately.Using the method mentioned in this paper,one probability model of ladder spectrum about side of bogie was established,and the reliability of fatigue life about the side of bogie was estimated.


Ningjin County is located in northwest Shandong Province in the North China Plain. The water shortage can be solved if the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is completed, but the project water price is higher than the price of local groundwater and Yellow River water, so it is urgent to make the comprehensive water price of multi-water resources in this area. The water demand of non-agricultural water users in the planning year of 2020 and 2025 is forecasted based on water supply and consumption in current year of 2017, and two water supply schemes are set up respectively, four schemes totally considering the factors whether Yangtze River water will be obtained. The water prices of four schemes are calculated using weighted average model. The results show that when the transferring water replaces partial underground water in 2020, the comprehensive water prices of scheme 1 and scheme 2 are 3.21 yuan/m3 and 2.11 yuan/m3 respectively. When the transferring water replaces all groundwater in 2025, the comprehensive water prices of scheme 3 and scheme 4 are 2.92 yuan/m3 and 1.44 yuan/m3 respectively. The compensation mechanism of water price is discussed finally.


Barcode Localization is an extremely useful in many application areas like banks, supermarkets, trade etc. Different types of barcode types such as UPC, EAN13 etc along with speed and accuracy requirements makes the task of barcode localization a challenging process. In this paper, we will be analyzing two existing barcode localization methods: one of which is based on dilation and erosion while the other is based on bottomhat filtering. These two methods are implemented in MATLAB and are compared with each other for different type of barcodes like skewed, blurry barcodes along with multiple barcodes in an image. It is observed that the first method based on dilation and erosion is faster whereas the second based on bottomhat filtering is more accurate and provides orientation details. Results of first method are also better for blurry as well as skewed image whereas none of the two methods provides accurate results for complex images.


Social Science (IPS) is one of subjects requiring the proof of correlation between theory and real life. Subject of research are students grade VI SDN 27 Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan. This research was aimed to improve students' learning achievement for IPS subject after implementation of touring method. Touring method was held out of school by giving grouply assignment. Results of the assignment were shown by each group in the classroom. This reseaarch was held in two cycles. Data of research were obtained from observation sheet, quisionaire, and test. Researcher decided the standard of students' learning achievement as 60. After cycle I, only 45% of students could reach the standard. Meanwhile, after cycle II, there was 88% of students reaching the standard. Based on the result of research, it can be concluded that implementation of touring method can improve learning achievement of students grade VI SDN 27 Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan.


Simple Summary In many species, including humans, individuals in a population have personalities: collections of correlated behaviors that are consistent across different environments (i.e., mating, eating). Personalities are affected by competitors for food or mates and the hormones produced by individuals). Competitors can include other individuals of the same species or closely related species. The all-female, Amazon molly is a hybrid species, and needs to coexist with one of its bisexual (males and females), parent species, to reproduce. One parent species of the Amazon molly is the sailfin molly. Female sailfin and Amazon mollies compete for access to males for mating and food which could affect the personalities of individuals of each species. We found that both species have similar personalities consisting of a correlation between exploration and activity. We did not detect a relationship between a stress response hormone, cortisol, and individual personality. However, the all-female Amazons had higher cortisol release rates than sailfins. Personalities may be similar due to genetic constraints that link these behaviors, and might benefit Amazons if this causes male sailfin mollies to mismate with them. However, the differences in cortisol release rates may be a useful mate identification cue for males to offset such mating mistakes. Abstract Studies of suites of correlated behavioral traits (i.e., behavioral syndromes) aid in understanding the adaptive importance of behavioral evolution. Behavioral syndromes may be evolutionarily constrained, preventing behaviors from evolving independently, or they may be an adaptive result of selection on the correlation itself. We tested these hypotheses by characterizing the behavioral syndromes in two sympatric, closely related species and testing for differences between the species. We studied the unisexual Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) and one of its bisexual, parent species, the sailfin molly (P. latipinna). Sympatric female sailfin and Amazon mollies compete for mating which could affect the behavioral syndromes found in each species. We identified a behavioral syndrome between exploration and activity in both species that did not differ between species. Additionally, we explored the relationship between a stress response hormone, cortisol, and behavioral type, and did not detect a relationship. However, P. formosa differed from P. latipinna in their cortisol release rates. Behavioral syndromes may be constrained in this complex, aiding in mate acquisition for P. formosa by virtue of having a similar behavioral type to P. latipinna. The difference between the females in cortisol release rates may be a useful mate identification cue for males to offset higher mating mistakes associated with the similar behavioral types.


India is a demographic democratic country having a population of nearing 140 crores and with different people of various religions, communicating numerous languages, wearing different varieties of clothes. India is also a cacophony of languages, with more than 1500 films being produced every year in its 20+ languages. Recommender systems give personalized outputs in the form of the information being processed. But unfortunately, there is very little personalization done or the data available for this voluminous demographic attribute possessed by India. For example, though there are different platforms like Amazon prime videos, Netflix, tickets booked through www.bookmyshow.com/ to watch movies but not restricted to just Hindi and English (the two official languages of India)—there is little concentration towards the demographic data of Indian languages. In this paper, we present a novel way of creating an Indian Demographic Movie Recommender System (IDMRS) making full utilization of the various demographic attributes available. IDMRS is a system capable of filtering and providing personalization to users in five regional south Indian languages. This system makes use of various characteristics and demographic attributes, such as age, gender and occupational details for the generation of recommendations. Also, a curated dataset, similar to MovieLens dataset, is evolved with this system and is evaluated with various performance metrics.


The Standing Advisory Committee on Care and Selection of Donors (SAC‐CSD) advises the UK Blood Services on all matters related to the care and selection of whole blood and component donors. It works very closely with the SAC on transfusion transmissible infections and also with the SACs dealing with tissue and stem cell donors. It has responsibility for relevant chapters in the Guidelines for the Blood Transfusion Services in the United Kingdom (the Red Book) and for the Whole Blood and Components Donor Selection Guidelines, which include the Geographical Disease Risk Index used by all the Donor Selection Guidelines. Membership is drawn from a wide geographical base and includes donor care doctors together with nonmedical staff involved in donor care. Topics for discussion include subjects referred to the SAC by the UK Forum of the Blood Services and the Joint Professional Advisory Committee (JPAC). Members are required to keep a watching brief of developments around the world that may affect donor care and selection and to respond to concerns from both donors and staff related to donor selection issues. In recent years a great deal of its time has been spent dealing with the increasing amount of legislation relating to the running of donor sessions.


Two equivalent families of linear invariants and two equivalent families of quadratic invariants are obtained for a harmonic oscillator with variable mass or with variable frequency. Explicit formulae are obtained for the linear and quadratic invariants in the case of a damped oscillator and the Hamiltonian is seen as a special quadratic invariant.


The paper aims to perform stability analysis of Metallic Single Walled Carbon Nanotube (MSWCNT) bundled global interconnects, based on transmission line mode (TLM) using a sixth order linear parametric expression. The effect of dimensional variations (length and diameter) in interconnects with respect to global regimes are analyzed through Bode plots specific to 22nm technology node. It is realized that the increment in the stability of the system is in accordance with dimensional variations, making them a viable option as interconnects in nanometer regime.


This study presents an investigation of the effect of different structural parameters of cotton woven fabrics on their air permeability. For this purpose, 24 fabric samples having different structural properties were obtained by using three different weave types (plain, 1/3 twill and 1/7 sateen), two different weft yarn counts (Ne 20/2 and Ne 70/2) and four different yarn twist levels (120, 360, 600, and 840 turns/m). Cotton Ne 50/1; 150 turns/m warp yarns and 40 threads/cm warp density were used in all fabric samples. The relationship between the fabrics structural parameters like weft yarn count, weave type, yarn twist number and air permeability behavior are investigated. It has been shown that the increase of yarn counts and yarn twist led to an increase in air permeability values of cotton woven fabrics. Also, cotton woven fabrics with 1/7 sateen weave have the maximum air permeability value; these fabrics are followed by the fabrics having weave types of plain and 1/3 twill in spite of high weft density.


I always called my best friend Tako, which means octopus. I don't remember its exact origin. It had something to do with one of the trendy TV commercials in Japan in the late eighties?a tanned lady with an expression of ennui, suddenly assaulted by miniature octopi showering down on her in the foamy bathtub. The cartoon ish body of each octopus glowed cherry-red to the very tip of its baby beak. These octopi had grown happily drunk on Japanese spirits distilled from sweet potatoes, called sh?ch?. Yes, it was the sh?ch? commercial we loved, and we hummed its tune twisting our hips the whole time we changed into our white shirts and brown bloomers for physical education. But really, it doesn't explain why every kid in our school had come to call her Tako or Tako-san, attaching an honorific in the latter case. She was neither bashful nor drunk. She was extremely popu lar though, the only daughter of a wealthy futon maker. In winter, I slept on the exquisite futon her father had made, with a pattern of cranes rising at dawn, embroidered in white and gold silk. Once, a girl in our class decided to call me Ifea-san, Miss Squid; she thought that Tako and I shared as close a kinship as that of an octopus and a squid under the ocean, however imaginary. Even though I wasn't keen on this particular girl, I was flattered. In those days, boys gave me multiple names to make fun of my light com plexion: Snow Zombie, Egg White, and Mayonnaise. They never ran out of names for me, because they found my pale skin nauseating. "Hey, Rotten Corpse, can I borrow a pen?" Ika was infinitely better for me. For the first time, I was given a name that suggested an oceanic tie to my popular friend, and it gave me a share of her glory, or so I felt. I regret that it only happened just that one time; no other kid ever called me Miss Squid again.


Polyurethane resins can be strategically applied in the recovery of inundations, flooded shafts and similar disastrous situations below ground. In this article, Peter Town, managing director of Oxford Hydrotechnics, discusses two different shaft seal failure case histories and explores the methodology adopted in each situation.


This paper provides a review of the literature addressing sensorless operation of PM brushless machines. The methods explained are state-of-the-art of open and closed loop control strategies. The closed loop review includes those methods based on voltage and current measurements, and algebraic manipulations of machine equations, those methods based on back emf measurements, and those methods based on novel techniques not included in the previous categories. A review of machine model equations is also treated. The paper concludes with a comparison table including all main features for all control strategies


The unprecedented growth of global financial derivatives market in the twenty-first century has led burgeoning interdisciplinary scholarship to declare that financialised capitalism has achieved hegemony over culture writ large and curtailed our ability to imagine beyond the spectre of capital realism. Cultural critic Max Haiven identifies finance as 'capitalism's imagination',1 and anthropologists Edward LiPuma and Benjamin Lee call derivatives 'socially imaginary objects'.2 Indeed, living with uncertainties can produce intense anxieties and fears within us. Yet, what happens to the present when we continue to develop technologies for securing the future against speculated crises? In Migrant Futures, Aimee Bahng speculates otherwise, venturing an answer to the previously posed question as a literary scholar and a fan of speculative fiction. Though firmly rooted in literary criticism, the book makes contributions to related fields by taking a comparative ethnic studies approach to speculative fiction as well as interweaving the emergent field of critical finance studies with feminist science studies. In the book, Bahng presents a compelling study of the everyday realities shaped by these financial derivatives, which are legal contracts based on speculated changes in future prices. The problem is that derivatives are no longer tethered to underlying assets such as commodities, stocks, and bonds. In effect, the market deals in 'alien currency from another time, from a time out of joint, from the future anterior' (p1). Bahng argues that the influence of this 'alien currency' extends well beyond the perimeters of financial sector. Working around the clock in various time zones, financial speculators calculate the risks and probabilities of quotidian activities, realising a customised future for their clientele of global elites while preventing other undesirable futures from coming into being. If the future has already been bought and sold as the author describes, what kinds of options are left available for those who cannot afford its costs? Is it possible to develop an alternative mode of speculation? Against this large-scale colonisation of futurity, Migrant Futures offers a scholarly response: the book analyses a 'starter archive' of counterfactual cultural productions comprised of graphic narratives, novels, and films that collectively create and sustain alternative visions of the future. Readers might wonder why speculative fiction has been chosen as the foil for speculative finance. Bahng argues that 'capitalism's reliance on fantastical representations of space and time is itself a kind of science fiction' (p49).


A major aspect of catalysis research focuses on shape selectivity to control reactions using molecular dimensions of certain complex chemicals, most notably zeolites. Although shape-selective catalysts can't override the fundamental thermodynamics dictating reaction energies, they allow scientists more control over reactions through selection of reactants and products. These catalysts work as a result of the size of their surface pores and interior cavities, where reactions take place. Only reactants with certain shapes can get in and products with certain shapes leave. This leap in reaction control already has led to new shape-selective catalysts and could lead to many more. 5 figures, 1 table.


Based on demands of clean and efficient production and supply chain of the green leafy vegetables,we took advantages of the greenhouse gardening development experience from Japan and Netherlands to search the proper industrial production modes in China.Taking the construction of pakchoi factory for example,we explored the key technologies of green leafy vegetable factory,including cultivar selection,substrate composition,fertilization and irrigation,energy saving,green protection and control,materiel processing and quality management,and analyzed the feasibility of developing the ecological green leafy vegetable factory production that matched the national conditions of China.


We consider the problem of making inferences about extreme values from a sample. The underlying model distribution is the generalized extreme‐value (GEV) distribution, and our interest is in estimating the parameters and quantiles of the distribution robustly. In doing this we find estimates for the GEV parameters based on that part of the data which is well fitted by a GEV distribution. The robust procedure will assign weights between 0 and 1 to each data point. A weight near 0 indicates that the data point is not well modelled by the GEV distribution which fits the points with weights at or near 1. On the basis of these weights we are able to assess the validity of a GEV model for our data. It is important that the observations with low weights be carefully assessed to determine whether diey are valid observations or not. If they are, we must examine whether our data could be generated by a mixture of GEV distributions or whether some other process is involved in generating the data. This process will require careful consideration of die subject matter area which led to the data. The robust estimation techniques are based on optimal B‐robust estimates. Their performance is compared to the probability‐weighted moment estimates of Hosking et al. (1985) in both simulated and real data.


Abstract This study compared two popular measures of cognitive ability for preschool children. The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence — Third Edition (WPPSI-III) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale — Fifth Edition (SB5) were administered in a counterbalanced order to 36 typically developing 4-year-old children. There were significant correlations among all WPPSI-III and SB5 composite scores but a number of children had notable differences between their scores on the two measures. Children tended to prefer the SB5 over the WPPSI-III. The implications for practitioners who assess preschool-aged children are discussed.


Objective:To investigate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine FMYY on cAMP in rabbit LEC apoptosis and explore the possible mechanisms involved.Methods:Apoptosis of rabbit LEC cultured in vitro was induced with H 2O 2 with a final concentration of 250 μmol/L. Radioimmunoassay(RIA) was used to examine the effects that different amounts of FFMY had on cAMP concentration in rabbit LEC apoptosis.Results:There was a significant difference in cAMP concentrations between all experimental groups[(89.2±10.2)pmol/g] and the control group[(60.6±10.7)pmol/g](P0.01),indicating that cAMP concentration greatly increases in LEC apoptosis. There was no significant difference between traditional Chinese medicine treatment in group C[(81.3±11.2)pmol/g] and the control group(P0.05),indicating that the final dose of 100 μg/ml FMYY had no obvious effects on cAMP concentrations in LEC apoptosis. There was a significant difference between traditional Chinese medicine treatment in group D[(69.5±11.8)pmol/g] and the control group(P0.05),indicating the final dose of 200 μg/ml FMYY can reduce LEC cAMP concentrations. Compared with the experimental group,traditional Chinese medicine treatments in group E[(52.2±7.6)pmol/g] and group F[(41.5±8.1)pmol/g] showed significant differences,indicating the final concentrations of 400 μg /ml and and 800 μg/ml FMYY can significantly reduce LEC cAMP concentrations. The traditional Chinese medicine concentrations mentioned above have obvious effects on cAMP concentrations in rabbit LEC apoptosis and there was a dose-dependent effect when elevated concentrations were administered.Conclusion:H 2O 2 in a final concentration of 250 μmol/l can induce rabbit LEC apoptosis,accompanied by an increase in cAMP in rabbit LEC apoptosis. Traditional Chinese medicine FMYY can decrease cAMP concentrations in apoptotic rabbit LEC,so it appears to protect against the apoptosis of rabbit LEC cultured in vitro when induced by H 2O 2.


Color transparency offers an interesting experimental test of our understanding of hadronic polarization effects which have been seen at high energy. Large polarization effects have been seen for exclusive high momentum transfer reactions which are incompatible with lowest order pQCD. It is proposed to filter these reactions by scattering inside a nucleus. We expect that only color transparent hadrons would survive, and that these should be products of ``hard`` scattering. If the polarization arrises from a non-perturbative ``soft`` effect, the nucleus should filter these reaction products away. We should see no polarization remaining after the reaction is filtered by a large nucleus.


The Eighth Wife's Daughter. (May 2010) Shavonne Wei-Ming Clarke, B.A., Sweet Briar College Chair of Advisory Committee: Paul Christensen This thesis explores, through fictional storytelling, the cultural duality of individuals inhabiting Singapore prior to World War II. The primary locale in many of these stories—an actual residence known as Eu Villa—interconnects each narrative and helps to uncover the hybridization of a Chinese family (and servants) living in a British colony. Many of the stories are imparted from different perspectives: wives, children and amahs, each of them pieced together to bridge the space between Chinese heritage overlaid and intermixed with British culture. In this way, the stories of this thesis reflect on the history that preceded the distinct multiculturalism of contemporary Singapore.


We propose and study a model with glassy behavior. The state space of the model is given by all triangulations of a sphere with $n$ nodes, half of which are red and half are blue. Red nodes want to have 5 neighbors while blue ones want 7. Energies of nodes with different numbers of neighbors are supposed to be positive. The dynamics is that of flipping the diagonal of two adjacent triangles, with a temperature dependent probability. We show that this system has an approach to a steady state which is exponentially slow, and show that the stationary state is unordered. We also study the local energy landscape and show that it has the hierarchical structure known from spin glasses. Finally, we show that the evolution can be described as that of a rarefied gas with spontaneous generation of particles and annihilating


Rosalind Howes and colleagues present a map of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency prevalence and severity. Individuals with the deficiency are at risk of mild to severe hemolysis when taking the antimalarial primaquine.


Graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been investigated closely in recent years because of their apparent positive effect on the electrochemical performance of new fuel cell and battery systems as catalyst stabilizers, supports, or metal-free catalysts. This is particularly true for doped graphene and CNTs, where only a small amount of doping with nitrogen and/or phosphorus can have a remarkable effect on the material performance. A direct link between structure and function in these materials is, as of yet, unclear. Doped graphene and CNTs were synthesized using varied chemical vapor deposition-based methods, and ssNMR was used to unambiguously identify dopant atom sites, revealing that these particular synthesis methods result in highly homogeneous populations of installed phosphorus and nitrogen atoms. We present the first experimental ¹⁵N spectrum for graphitic nitrogen in N-doped graphene. ¹⁵N-labeled nitrogen-doped graphene synthesized as reported here produces mainly graphitic nitrogen sites located on the edges of sheets and around defect sites. ¹H–¹H and ¹H–¹⁵N correlations were also used to probe dopant nitrogen sites in labeled and unlabeled N-doped graphene. A nearly homogeneous population of phosphorus in P-doped graphene is found, with an overwhelming majority of graphitic phosphorus and a small amount of phosphate oligomer. Similar findings are noted for the phosphorus sites in phosphorus and nitrogen codoped CNTs with a minor change in chemical shift, as would be expected from two chemically similar phosphorus sites in carbon allotropes (CNTs vs graphene sheets) with significantly different electronic structures.


A method for direct beam synthesis in linear pulsed arrays of isotropic transmitters has been presented. By using the discrete Radon transform (DRT) and its inverse (IDRT), a known Radon transform framework has been adapted for gaining insight into a noniterative beamforming method. Theoretical analysis and numerical modeling, which validate this method, were conducted.


Objective To determine the timing of surgical treatment for pancreatic pseudocyst(PPC) secondary to severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods Twenty-seven cases of PPC appearing 4-8 weeks after SAP were treated with internal drainage were included in group A.Of the 27 cases,10 received cystojejunostomy by stapler.In other 30 cases in group B,surgical procedures were performed 24 weeks after the formation of the cyst.Several parameters were compared between the 2 groups.Results The incidence of anastomotic leakage,average duration of hospitalization and mean fee for hospitalization were significantly lower in group A than in group B(P0.05).There was no marked difference in incidence of retrograde cystic infection between the 2 groups(P0.05).Emergency surgical treatments were performed in 5 patients in group B due to complications of introcystic hemorrhage(1 patients),introcystic infection(2 patients) and cystic rupture(2 patients).Conclusions Accurate diagnosis and early surgical treatments are effective and safe for treatment of PPC secondary to SAP.Meanwhile,they might be helpful for avoiding complications of introcystic infection,introcystic hemorrhage and cystic rupture.


Rain-fed agriculture in central Spain is mostly water limited. Reservoir tillage (RT) can increase soil water content, thus helping overcome most factors limiting crop production in this region. The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of two tillage practices on soil physical properties and water availability where rain-fed barley was being grown. A field experiment was established on a loamy soil for comparing RT and minimum tillage (MT). Bulk density and volumetric water content were measured in 5-cm increments to a depth of 30 cm. The soil water tension was monitored using a wireless sensor network with sensors at 10, 20, and 30 cm depths. The results showed that bulk density in RT and MT treatments at all soil depths were statistically similar. However, soil water tensions in the MT treatment were substantially higher than that in RT in the entire observation period at all depths. In conclusion, RT could be used to minimise risks from crop failure during the poorer rainy seasons, and it showed increased soil water retention and improved barley yield.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: according to the one version, the present invention involves an electroencephalographic system comprising sensors used to lock an electromagnetic signal from the patient; a signal processing system; and a computing system. The latter is configured to support multiple chains of related program delivery. It initiates the first chain of the related program delivery representing a measuring cell wherein data are filtered and averaged in some cases. As a rule, data are filtered over particular latency. As soon as data are filtered and averaged, the result is transferred to the second chain of the related program delivery that is a source reconstruction unit which then starts to generate reconstruction of a source to be tested. After that the measuring cell locks and processes new electromagnetic data of a new test while reconstruction of a source is carried out at the latest test. Test adjustment is carried out by results of reconstruction of a source. EFFECT: higher reliability of reproduction of a source. 20 cl, 2 dwg


This paper describes one solution for porting DVB software stack on a new platform: connecting the NIM subsystem. It describes the steps in this procedure, common problems, and testing the results.


This article examines the formation and display of collections of Islamic art in Boston-area museums over the first half of the twentieth century. It focuses on the holdings of three main institutions: the Museum of Fine Arts, the Fogg Art Museum, and the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. It explores some of the key personalities involved in the formation of collections, such as Denman Waldo Ross, Hervey Wetzel, Joseph McMullan, and Stuart Cary Welch. It also looks at early curators of the collections, in this era a largely amateur pursuit. Through these considerations it traces changing approaches to the study of Islamic art and discusses the various local and international forces (including the Aesthetic Movement, emerging nationalist discourses and ethno-racialist interpretations of art, and the growing American hegemony in the Middle East) that shaped the social and political context in which Islamic art was received and interpreted in this period.


Innate immunity is considered to be unable to construct immunological memory in the traditional concept. However, in recent years, there is growing evidence to dispute this idea. Plants and invertebrates lacking an adaptive immune system can mount resistance to secondary infections [1,2]. NK cells and monocytes are also found have memory characteristics [3,4] In 2011, Netea et al. [5] proposed a new term "trained immunity" for describing innate immune memory responses. In 2012, Quintin et al. [6] further demonstrate trained immunity even occurred in mice lacking T and B cells, serving as an increased response to secondary infections which is monocytedependent after priming with β-glucan from Candida albicans.


Let us remember Wittgenstein"s main assertions in
Tractatus. As everyone knows Wittgenstein suggests a
theory of language called "picture theory�, according to
which every word names an object or every word
represents something. The proposition in Tractatus
concerned with this idea is " A name means an object. The
object is its meaning �(3.203).


Rundquist PJ, Obrecht C, Woodruff L: Three-dimensional shoulder kinematics to complete activities of daily living. Objective:To describe the contributions of glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints in performing combing hair, feeding, reaching overhead, washing the back, and washing the contralateral axilla. Design:A three-dimensional electromagnetic motion capture system was used to collect humerus, scapula, and trunk kinematic data during activities of daily living completion. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the primary humerothoracic motion. Forward multiple regression analyses explained the variation accounted for by glenohumeral and scapulothoracic motions. Results:The mean internal rotation to accomplish back washing was 85 (standard deviation 24) degrees glenohumeral internal rotation contributed. The mean humerothoracic elevation ranged between 46 (standard deviation 12) degrees for washing the contralateral axilla and 119 (standard deviation 10) degrees for hair combing. Glenohumeral abduction, scapular anterior tipping, and scapular upward rotation contributed to completing feeding, hair combing, reaching overhead, and washing the contralateral axilla. Glenohumeral flexion contributed to completing feeding, reaching overhead, and washing the contralateral axilla. Scapular internal rotation contributed to completing feeding. Conclusions:Glenohumeral abduction and scapulothoracic upward rotation were necessary to accomplish feeding, combing hair, reaching overhead, and washing the contralateral axilla. Glenohumeral internal rotation was necessary to accomplish back washing. Interventions addressing glenohumeral and scapulothoracic motions in patients who are having difficulty in completing activities of daily livings may prove beneficial.


An essentially experimental investigation was made regarding the effect of combined torsion and tension loading on the fracture characteristics of an aluminium matrix, unidirectional boron fiber reinforced composite. Three types of loading path were considered. The experiments were performed on notched specimens thereby allowing the fracture behaviour to be tentatively interpreted in terms of linear elastic fracture mechanics. The combined mode fracture loads did not appear to obey a constant energy of fracture criterion. This conclusion is supported by a substantial difference in fracture surface morphology for pure tension and pure torsion loading. However, the lack of agreement between theory and experiment may be due to data reduction errors caused by the tendency for stable crack growth and plastic shear between the fiber and matrix to increase as the ratio of torsion to tension loading is increased. The fracture loads were found also to be loading path dependant with radial loading being the most severe.


Abstract Nathanial Brown [Topological dynamical systems associated to ${\mathit{II}}_{1} $-factors. Adv. Math. 227(4), 1665–1699] introduced a convex-like structure on the set of unitary equivalence classes of unital *-homomorphisms of a separable type ${\mathit{II}}_{1} $ factor into ${R}^{\omega } $ (ultrapower of the hyperfinite factor). The goal of this paper is to introduce such a structure on the set of sofic representations of groups. We prove that if the commutant of a representation acts ergodically on the Loeb measure space then that representation is an extreme point.


This paper describes a scheduling model for a lunch car, which moves around city and gives service at some places. For this kind of services, there are several selections of places of selling, routing, and service time at a place. The optimal combination of those gives a good sales performance. The paper gives a background of this study, an example scheduling, a formulation of the problem, and a calculation of problem scale.


Effects of cosmetic UV absorbers on UV-induced mutagenesis in E. coli B/r strains were studied. Among 8 substances tested, cinoxate (2-ethoxyethyl p-methoxycinnamate) enhanced UV (254 nm)-induced mutation at non-lethal toxic doses. This adverse effect was also observed when the mid and near-UV (295 nm-400 nm) irradiated cells of WP2 were used. This effect, however, was not observed in WP2s uvr A, a DNA excision repair deficient strain of E. coli B/r. It is thus assumed that cinoxate inhibited DNA excision repair system and consequently increased UV-induced mutation.


Methods: From 2009 to 2016, 72 patients (pts) with large BMs (diameter>3cm or volume>6cc) undergoing concurrent TMZ and FSRT (Group A, n1⁄4 38) or FSRT alone (Group B, n1⁄4 34) were compared by using the propensity score matching method at the ratio of 1:1. Finally, 27 pts of each group were matched. FSRT was given by 5252.5Gy/3.5-4Gy/13-15f, while TMZ was given by 75mg/m concurrently. The disease control rate (DCR, CRþPRþSD) was assessed after 2-3 months from treatment. Toxicity was recorded according to CTCAE, v4.0. Local control (LC), intracranial progression-free survival (IPFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed with Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test.


According to China's PBN implementation roadmap,PBN based on the instrument flight procedures will be implemented to all ATS routes after 2017. At present,Chengdu-Lasa RNP4 parallel routes is designed. This paper presents the safety assessment for the implementation of Chengdu-Lasa RNP4 parallel routes. Firstly,the methodology of collision risk of parallel routes is introduced by improved REICH model. Then,the method of lateral overlap probability is analyzed. The lateral overlap probability is divided into two parts-the core distribution and the non-core distribution. Unlike the most of previous research,the non-core distribution obey "Separated Double Exponential"distribution which is more realistic in this paper. Finally,the collision risk of Chengdu-Lasa RNP4 parallel routes is carried out. The estimate of collision risk satisfies the target level of safety value and indicates that the method is feasible.


Segeda N.A. Phenomenology of human development in educational models. The article describes the historygenez of human development phenomenology that is created by the meaning reintegration of natural, teocenteric, naturecenteric, sociocenteric, anthropocentric, humanistic, qualification and competence, a holistic educational models. Key words: human development, development of the personality, concept, design, education, profession, lecturer.


SOEs are encouraged to have good corporate governance, or what can be called Good Corporate Governance (GCG), in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of SOEs No. PER-01/ MBU/ 2011 concerning the implementation of Good Corporate Governance in SOEs. Human resources scorecard (HRSC) is a way to measure and display the performance of the HR field comprehensively, which is directly related to the achievement of company goals as a strategic partner in running the company's business. Qualitative descriptive research, 9 Dimensions of HRSC and 1 GCG, Purposive Sampling Data Collection Technique with Survey Questionnaire using a sample consisting of 130 BUMN Employees in Indonesia, which was tested through Multiple Linear Regression Analysis using SPSS 27 Independent variables Workplace Company, Employee Satisfaction, Internal Management Performance, Relationship Climate between Companies and Employees have a positive effect and Internal Labor Performance, Management Patterns, HRM Practice Functions, and Performance Results have a negative effect on GCG in BUMN Companies in Indonesia to rise up and better understand the proper and optimal implementation of GCG. Since the impact of implementing GCG with improved performance as a result of company transformation, of course, is also felt by employees in the form of increased welfare by implementing GCG, GCG is applied to employees to increase effectiveness and competence.


FIELD: instrument engineering. SUBSTANCE: proposed invention is designed for rendering service of determination of location for providing request service of initiated determination of location. In the proposed invention there is priority sequence of many positioning methods which are supported with allocation terminal according to the specified condition corresponding to the specified priority sequence, and allocation terminal transmits priority sequence information according to the appropriate positioning methods to allocation terminal. EFFECT: enlarging location determining services. 21 cl, 10 dwg


THE profession of operations research shows persistent devotion to 'optimal' solutions to management problems. What is a management problem? The management problem is a need for a decision! The optimal solution is essentially the very best decision appropriate for the situation confronting the decision-maker or the manager. Operations research seeks optimal decisions rather than merely good solutions to the problem. By definition, these solutions should be the best available, and yet they often prove to be unacceptable to the manager.


We followed the crystallization-time dependence of zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-8. Interestingly, when zinc carbonate basic was used as the metal source, the coexistance of ZIF-8 and ZnO nanoneedles was observed. Long synthesis times promoted the complete crystallization of ZIF-8. The kinetics of transformation is governed by Avrami's classic model.


PURPOSE: Maximal oxygen uptake ( O2) and ventilatory threshold (VT) are widely used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy people, as well as in patients with various clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to determine whether an attenuation of O2 occurs above the VT in patients with stable coronary artery disease. METHODS: A total of 33 male patients participating in an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention program underwent maximal incremental cycle ergometry at increasing pedaling cadences up to the limit of tolerance. Ventilatory gas-exchange variables were measured breath by breath while work rate was recorded continuously. Ventilatory threshold was determined by a dual linear regression model (V-slope analysis). RESULTS: Four patients were excluded from the analysis because they were unable to pedal at the increasing cadences required by the protocol. The remaining 29 patients successfully completed the test without complications or evidence of significant ST segment depression. The slope of the O2/work rate relationship above the VT decreased significantly (−44.6% on average) in 23 of the 26 patients in which VT was able to be determined. O2 at the start of O2 attenuation ( O2 att) and at VT were highly correlated and in strong agreement (1637 ± 451 mL/min vs 1650 ± 473 mL/min, r 2 = 0.96, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: O2att does occur and coincides with the VT in the majority of patients tested with stable coronary artery disease.


For the digital load power management, voltage stacking is a modern way of reducing converter losses without impacting the load computational power performance. This paper proposes a model and a design guide for a switched-capacitor converter topology, the load stacking topology. Firstly, it proposes accurate modeling of the regulator-load system, two performance criteria are then defined, used thereafter to compare the topologies and to build a design guide. The results show the higher performance of the load stacking topology over the ladder converter topology, a conventional voltage stacking topology.


Introduction This chapter will review rehabilitation for individuals with epilepsy. Sections will cover rehabilitation for cognitive deficits and vocational rehabilitation. Rehabilitation may include shorter-term programs targeting efforts to improve cognitive, motor, sensory, and/or psychiatric functioning. However, rehabilitation programming for individuals with epilepsy should also include vocational rehabilitation and, particularly for children and adolescents with epilepsy, academic rehabilitation. Rehabilitation has a goal of improving the person's ability to process and interpret information allowing the individual to better function in all aspects of family and community life (adapted from NIH position statement for rehabilitation in TBI, 1999).


In this paper,activated carbon from coal was used as material,it is modified by two activation methods of high-pressure hydrothermal and loading CuO,and desulfurization performance of modified activated carbon desulfurizers were studied by orthogonal experiment.The results showed that optimum conditions for preparation of modified activated carbon desulfurizers are high-pressure hydrothermal activation 4.052 MPa,2.5% of CuO/C ratio,500 ℃ of calcination temperature,25 ℃ of desulfurization temperature;Desulfurization activity of modified activated carbon were affected by various factors:high-pressure hydrothermal activationcalcination temperatureCuO/C ratiodesulfurization temperature.


Listen! A young woman works at a hospital. She forms a bond with an older man, a patient, who is dying of emphysema. One day, he begs her to wheel him outside for a last cigarette. Knowing it will mean the loss of her job, the girl arranges to come in early, sneaks him into the hospital garden, and sits with him while he smokes.


Most domestic subway corporation's financial statement have deficit structure and operation deficit is increasing every year. According to each Subway Corporation's financial circumstance, the government has supporting lot of subsidy to Subway Corporation. This research analyzes factor of transportation demand about operating Seoul Metro line 2(circulation line) and introduces operating way to Busan Transportation Corporation(Humetro). Through this analysis, we sugg est that minimize deficit operation by increasing transportation demand.


In this incisive work, Calvin M. Hoy focuses exclusively on Hayek's philosophy of individual freedom. Beginning with an analysis of Hayek's definition of freedom, the author examines his proposed methods for preserving personal liberty through economic, legal, and governmental measures, and provides a trenchant critique of Hayek's arguments. Ultimately, Hoy demonstrates that a minimal socialist state is compatible with Hayek's principles, and that Hayek has not successfully stated a comprehensive philosophy of freedom because he focuses on the type and ignores the amount of coercion permissible in a free society.


This paper proposes a novel approach to 4-quadrant speed control of a direct current (DC) motor based on the use of a semi-Z source inverter which has 2 active switches and 2 switching states. The semi-Z source inverter topology is analyzed for design purposes and results and relationships are discussed. The objective of this simulation is to design and analyze the performance of closed loop speed control of a DC motor using a semi-Z source inverter under realistic operating conditions. The findings of this project can be useful for designing several household appliances as well as systems like lathe machines, hoists, conveyors, and fans. Closed loop system designed for automatic speed control of a DC motor is obtained by using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show that the proposed system works as intended.


Modern Urban Traffic Control (UTC) systems generate a wealth of data and information. It is the author's view that little use is made of these data and information, other than as a tool to calibrate on-line traffic models. This hypothesis was tested by undertaking a questionnaire survey amongst the users of UTC systems. This sought to elicit what data and information were used, and for what purposes. It also sought the users' views on the future development of UTC systems and their integration with other traffic-related systems; the introduction of such integrated systems relies heavily on the efficient transfer of data and information. The hypothesis proved correct: very little of the data and information were used, in spite of their availability and high quality. The main reason appears to be the formats within which the data and information are presented. The full results and analysis of the questionnaire survey have been passed to the UTC system suppliers.


Transboundary cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in the agrarian sector is an objective process with the condition of integration of the economy into the world economy. Inter-regional relations and foreign economic activity are developing, joint ventures, holdings, unions are being created. This tendency is inherent to the countries which have common borders and are geographical neighbours, such as Ukraine and Poland in particular. We consider the perspective directions of cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in the agrarian sector in formation of a coherent agrarian policy, the Common Agricultural Market, creation of a free trade area in the border regions, establishment of joint investment programs; improvement of the investment climate through preferential taxation of agricultural production; development of mechanisms for joint support of innovative activity of agricultural enterprises, farms, individual farms by regional authorities and local self-government bodies, etc.  As a result of this study, the main directions of Ukrainian and Polish cooperation and formation of relations between the two states in the field of agriculture in the border territories have been established. The problems of transboundary cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in the agrarian sector have been elucidated. They are presented in the form of barriers that hinder to active cooperation of the mentioned countries. The areas of transboundary cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in the agrarian sector have been proposed. The cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in the agrarian sector will contribute to the economic development of both countries.


The radiation-induced defect formation in high purity 4H-SiC CVD epitaxial layers and changes in the electrical properties of diode structures based on its after irradiation with different fluences ...


Abstract The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is one of three national centers operated by the National Weather Service (NWS). It has national and international responsibilities for the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific tropical and subtropical belts (including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea) for tropical analyses, marine and aviation forecasts, and the tropical cyclone forecast and warning programs for the region. Its roots date back to the 1870s, and it is now in the forefront of the NWS modernization program. Numerous changes and improvements have taken place in observational and forecast guidance tools and in the warning and response process over the years. In spite of all these improvement, the loss of property and the potential for loss of life due to tropical cyclones continues to increase rapidly. Forecasts are improving, but not nearly as fast as populations are increasing in hurricane prone areas such as the United States East and Gulf Coast barrier islands. The result is that lo...


Excel spreadsheets containing concentration versus time data from experiments used to determine reaction rate constants for the pH-dependent hydrolysis reaction and direct photolysis reactions of neonicotinoid insecticides.


This paper presents a model of the TCP Vegas congestion contr ol mechanism as a distributed optimization algorithm. Doing so has three important benefi ts. First, it helps us gain a fundamental understanding of why TCP Vegas works, and an apprecia tion of its limitations. Second, it allows us to prove that Vegas stabilizes at a weighted prop ortionally fair allocation of network capacity when there is sufficient buffering in the network. T hird, it suggests how we might use explicit feedback to allow each Vegas source to determine th e optimal sending rate when there is insufficient buffering in the network. In addition to pres enting the model and exploring these three issues, the paper presents simulation results that va lidate our conclusions.


Intensive current reduction has been observed during minor radical compression of a current carrying toroidal plasma by means of a fast rising toroidal field. This reduction is accompanied by a current reversal layer which has been detected by direct measurement with a small Rogowski coil. The experimental results are well understood by simple considerations of flux conservation. In this experiment where the safety factor q is always less than 1, the reverse current vanishes soon after the compression phase. If the stability condition q>1 holds, the current reversal layer is expected to remain longer. In order to avoid current reversal, field programming, adapted to the minor (and/or major) radial variation of the column, is necessary.


The past ten years have seen great strides in our understanding of the many forces at work in Counter-Reformation Spain. Historians and hispanists have demonstrated clearly that the Spanish religious landscape was complex and have elucidated several problems of interpretation. How readily did Spanish monarchs, religious leaders, and laity follow the decrees of the Council of Trent? How influential was the Spanish Inquisition in enforcing religious beliefs and behaviors? In what ways did religious reform involve assumptions about gender and differing religious roles for men and women? Finally, and more to my point, how did men and women respond to such assumptions and roles?


Background: Worldwide the practice of self medication among mothers for their children has been reported to increase daily. The use of available medication without doctor`s prescription can lead to its inappropriate use and serious adverse drug effect leading to poor health consequences for children. The aim of this present study is to assess the self-medication practices among mothers having children under-five years. A descriptive research design was utilized for this study. The study was conducted at the Out-Patient department of Alexandria University Children's Hospital (AUCH) at EL-Shatby. The study sample comprised 400 mothers having children under-five years. One tool was used for data collection: Self medication practice of mother having children under-five years structure interview schedules. Results of the present study revealed that about two thirds of the study subject did not consult the pediatrician regarding common health problems specifically in cases of cough, vomiting, diarrhea and fever. There was a statistical significant association between mothers educational levels, work, residence, socio-economic level and number of children with the tendency to self medicate their child. Conclusion: the results of this study concluded that, more than two thirds of mothers self medicated their children without doctor consultation regarding common health problems in case of cough, vomiting, diarrhea and fever. In addition, one third of the mothers self medicated their children even with doctor consultation. Recommendations: The study highlights the need for an educational program, workshops and videos/booklets to improve mother practice regarding medication dose according age and weight of child by doctor consultation and educate the mothers about harmful impact of self medication practice on health consequences of children less than five years. Policy should be developed for advertisement of drugs to include discouragement of practice of self-medication.


Lin's formula can be used for calculating fadings caused by rain on terrestrial paths. From the results of a five year experimental investigation its constants have been determined so as to enable its use even in the specific climatic conditions of Czechoslovakia.


The Bluewater springs area in south central Montana was the site of oil and gas exploration in the first half of this century. Though no significant oil was found, artesian water wells produced over 3,000 gallons per minute. Artesian springs in the area produce tufa deposits over faulted, northwest dipping Mesozoic and upper Paleozoic sediments. Two new faults were mapped in the vicinity, one of these a high angle vertical fault dissects an anticline. The Tensleep and Madison aquifers (700-1,000 feet deep) leak water to the surface through faults and fractures, producing variable water quality depending on the minerals dissolved from overlying rock formations. Evaluation of limited aquifer data reveals the following: (1) hydraulic conductivity of 40,000 to 300,000 gpd/ft, (2) hydrostatic head greater than 400 feet above land surface. (3) Total dissolved solids concentrations were 2,370 ppm in Big Bluewater Springs, but only 1,200 ppm in a Tensleep well in the vicinity. Flowing wells 45 to 70 years old have failed leading to major yield reductions, and cessation of flow. Potentially corrosive groundwater coupled with excessive flow velocities and inadequate well construction has likely led to well failures. In response, major uncontrolled alterations of groundwater flow systems have occurredmore » with outbreaks of new springs and sinkholes near failed wells. New wells must be carefully planned, constructed and tested to avoid excessive interference, depressurization and failure.« less


F-35 mission systems allow pilots to execute traditional advanced tactical missions critical to allied and partner nations. The systems include the most advanced sensor management and data fusion of any current fighter aircraft. These capabilities offer unmatched situational awareness to the pilot and provide decision aids that allow the pilot to make critical timely decisions. The development of these capabilities was accomplished utilizing use cases derived from mission vignettes to perform capability and model-based development. This approach was extended to the test and evaluation phase to develop mission-level scenarios used for validating the models and capabilities.


Article gives analyses of the dangerous acts of nature, most frequent on the territory of the Russian Federation. It shows the rate of people and territory protection management, its drawbacks. There are given proposals on improving directions, ways and methods of protection in conditions of increasing danger of natural hazards.


This article is interdisciplinary. It aims to show that we are able, on the basis of discrete quantum mechanics(DQM), to build mathematical models not only for quantum evolution processes but also for processes of mindsystems and, particularly, for their interaction. Thus, the solution of the mind/brain problem that Eccles hasproposed in his theory of exocytosis is treated by giving it a mathematical form. The key assumption is thatquantum systems interact through vector interferences. Eccles' theory is enlarged and made more exact using adiscrete quantum mechanical model for the perception. This is also applied to the gestalt structuring process; inparticular, the process concerning the gestalt forming of certain reversible (ambiguous) figures is analyzed andthe model compared to empirical data.


We examine the relationship between board independence and firm performance over multiple years, post-Sarbanes Oxley. The enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in July, 2002 coincided with the NYSE/NASDAQ proposals to alter their standards for listed companies. These changes included a requirement that boards be comprised of a majority of independent directors and tightened the criteria for a director to be considered "independent". We hypothesize and find that the passage of SOX, together with the new NYSE/NASDAQ regulations, result in independent directors who are more effective monitors of management, leading to stronger firm performance. Our results should bolster investor confidence in the financial markets at a time when the NYSE/NASDAQ has strengthened the corporate governance standards for listed companies.


The paper analyzes the jurisprudence on the cases of administrative responsibility of the educational centers for the damages that suffer the students that in the exercise of the school and extra activities. They study the different situations that can be given by a teaching center, and the care and surveillance obligations that the center staff have.


In this paper we argue that the concept of land function (LF) is the result of a theoretical and conceptual evolution of other recent concepts such as ecosystem services, landscape functions and land use functions. A digest of this conceptual evolution is done through bibliographic review mainly of peer reviewed literature. The preliminary LF mapping and assessment methods are also addressed. This article attempts to justify the pertinence of the LF concept as a further level of analysis of land cover (LC) and land use (LU). Future developments of the theoretical framework of this concept are also proposed.


ABSTRACT Bitumen's influence on reservoir properties and hydrocarbon accumulation in Santai area was studied by experiment measures and geochemical evidences. The porosity and permeability of the sandstones containing bitumen increased significantly by dissolving experiments, implying that bitumen strongly influences the reservoir properties. The analysis reveals that there were two stages of hydrocarbon accumulation. In the first stage oil migrated into coarse-grained sandstone and then degraded to bitumen, which deteriorated the reservoir properties. The second stage oil had to migrate into fine-grained sandstones, or the residual pores of the bitumen-containing coarse-grained sandstone. Exploration in this area should avoid the bitumen distribution zone.


This thesis is about development of administrative functions for the application QuickPick, which is a value system for warehouses. Today, there are no functions for the user to sort, group or filter the view settings in the application. Those who use the system need to contact Qsys Sverige AB to make this changes. Where also this thesis has been performed. The thesis deals theoretically with how a warehouse works, how you program in a general way, so it will be easier to continue the development of the functions and make a user friendly system for an administrator. The new functions will be available in a web-portal for administrators and it has been developed in C# and ASP.NET. The result of the thesis will be administrative functions for the view settings in a web-portal which can be used in the QuickPick application.


Abstract:Iraqi-born writer Dunya Mikhail's forthcoming book, The Beekeeper: Rescuing the Stolen Women of Iraq, is dedicated to Abdullah Shrem, a young man from Sinjar, Iraq, who worked with smugglers to rescue dozens of his fellow Yazidis from ISIS captivity in Syria and Iraq between 2014 and 2016. Most of the book consists of horrific stories of Daesh brutality toward the Yazidi people, but t e following excerpt focuses on Mikhail's return to Iraq in 2016, where she met Abdullah in person.


Elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) triggers exocytosis of secretory granules in pancreatic duct epithelia. In this study, we find that the signal also controls granule movement. Motions of fluorescently labeled granules stopped abruptly after a [Ca2+]i increase, kinetically coincident with formation of filamentous actin (F‐actin) in the whole cytoplasm. At high resolution, the new F‐actin meshwork was so dense that cellular structures of granule size appeared physically trapped in it. Depolymerization of F‐actin with latrunculin B blocked both the F‐actin formation and the arrest of granules. Interestingly, when monitored with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, the immobilized granules still moved slowly and concertedly toward the plasma membrane. This group translocation was abolished by blockers of myosin. Exocytosis measured by microamperometry suggested that formation of a dense F‐actin meshwork inhibited exocytosis at small Ca2+ rises <1 μm. Larger [Ca2+]i rises increased exocytosis because of the co‐ordinate translocation of granules and fusion to the membrane. We propose that the Ca2+‐dependent freezing of granules filters out weak inputs but allows exocytosis under stronger inputs by controlling granule movements.


usic has to be perceived and interpreted by the human mind in order to make it a part of the mental world. Due to differences in their cultural background, people from different cultures understand and describe musical sounds differently. Among the factors that influence the manner in which any melody is perceived are everyday experiences of surrounding sounds, the historical development of a given society, mythology and religious beliefs, philosophical discourse, systems of thought, and education. From the 13th to 17th centuries, the Tibetans documented their understanding of music and sound; hence enabling modern scholarship to trace distinctive features of the perception of music shared by Tibetan scholars at that time. For my research I have used five well-known treatises and encyclopedias written by Tibetan authors in the 13th to 17th centuries concerning the vocal music field:2


IMPROVING ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) THROUGH STRENGTHENING ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AND ADVERSITY QUOTIENTOrganizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of teachers is an important behavior possessed by teachers that related in achieving the goals of school organizations and the national education system. However, the results of the preliminary survey indicated that teachers' OCB was still needed to be improved. The aim of this study was identifying a number of concrete efforts that might be implemented to improve the OCB which were concluded based on the results of the causal relationship analysis between:1) Organizational Climate and Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of teachers. 2) Adversity Quotient with Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) teachers. 3) Organizational Climate and Adversity quotient altogether with Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) teachers. This research was an empirical study using correlational approach and SITOREM analysis on non-civil servant of the state high school teachers at the Cibadak Commissariat, Sukabumi Regency. The population in this study was 148 teachers  with a sample of 108 respondents who were pointed out by using the Proportional Random Sampling technique. Hypothesis testing was carried out using parametric statistical analysis in the form of simple and multiple linear regression analysis, simple, multiple, and partial correlation analysis with a significance level of a = 0.01 and a = 0.05. This study resulted in three conclusions. First, there was a very significant positive relationship between organizational climate variables (X1) and organizational citizenship behavior (Y) where the correlation coefficient value (ry1) was 0.48 and supported by the regression equation = 87.031+0.336 X1. The contribution of X1 to Y was 23.4% as indicated by the coefficient of determination (ry1)2 of 0.234. Second, there was a significant positive relationship between adversity quotient (X2) and organizational citizenship behavior (Y) where the correlation coefficient (ry2) was 0.238 and supported by the regression equation = 98.001 + 0.236X2. The contribution of X2 to Y was 5.68% which was indicated by the coefficient of determination (ry2)2 as 0.056. Third, there was a very significant positive relationship between organizational climate (X1) and adversity quotient (X2) with organizational citizenship behavior (Y) where the correlation coefficient (ry1.2) was 0.44 and supported by the regression equation = 87.790+ 0.322X1 + 0.04 X2. The contribution of organizational climate (X1) and adversity quotient (X2) to Y was 19.7%, which was indicated by the coefficient of determination (ry1.2)2 as much as 0.197.


A vector, derived from the human K1 keratin gene, has been employed to target v-fos expression exclusively in the epidermis of transgenic mice. Adult transgenic mice expressors (3-4 months) displayed hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, initially in wounded (tagged) ears, which later became bilateral. This phenotype appeared at other epidermal sites, most notably in the axilla and inguinal areas. This indicates that a second promoting event, such as wounding or friction, is required to elicit these pathological changes. Highly keratotic benign ear lesions and benign squamous papillomas appeared after long latency at sites of phenotypic epidermis. These data suggest that v-fos may be interfering with c-fos function in normal keratinocyte differentiation, but by itself is insufficient to elicit overt benign lesions.


In order to reduce the production cost and control the environmental pollution caused by waste acid and alkali discharge, the process experiments of waste acid and alkali recycling and the relevant impacts on the properties of zeolites synthesized from fly ash were carried out. Under the similar experimental conditions, three recycling ratio 1:1,2:1,3:1were tested The physical-chemical characteristics of products was analyzed through SEM, XRD and BET. The results show that waste acid-zeolites synthesized from fly ash(WAC-ZFA) and waste alkali-zeolites synthesized from fly ash(WAL-ZFA) has the similar physical-chemical properties of zeolites synthesized from fly ash(ZFA), sharp diffraction peaks and a large number of pore structure characterization on the surface observed as well. Compared with ZFA, the BET of WAC-ZFA is slightly lowered, but WAL-ZFA increased obviously. The waste acid alkali recycling ratio have different effects on the removal of ammonia. Based on these results, the recovery ratio of waste acid and alkali should be less than 1:1and 3:1 respectively.


We have developed a pulsed, narrow line Raman shifted alexandrite laser to produce tunable near-IR radiation in the 1140 nm absorption band of water vapor. With the first Stokes Raman conversion in hydrogen, the full tuning range of alexandrite, 730-790 nm, can potentially cover the wavelength range 1050 1200 nm. The application to differential absorption lidar, DIAL, is the vertical profiling of humidity and temperature in the atmosphere. This paper reports the application of Raman-shifted alexandrite radiation for new quantitative measurements of the strengths and widths of water vapor absorption lines between 8865 and 8915 cm-1. Alexandrite wavelength determination was obtained with oxygen A-band rotational lines near 765 nm. Similar applications and studies of the water vapor band near 940 nm can be readily carried out by Raman-shifting in deuterium.


Citation for published version (APA): Dalgaard, L. T., Andersen, G., Justesen, J. M., Anthonsen, S., Nielsen, T., Thørner, L. W., ... Pedersen, O. (2013). The frequent UCP2 -866G>A polymorphism protects against insulin resistance and is associated with obesity: A study of obesity and related metabolic traits among 17,636 Danes. International Journal of Obesity, 37(2), 1775-181. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.22


A report on an interim analysis of a large placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial evaluating the role of fibrinolytic enhancement in the management of venous ulceration is described. Seventy-five patients with venous ulcers have entered the trial and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The ulcers were treated by a standard regime of compression bandaging combined with the oral administration of placebo or stanozolol (Stromba; Sterling Research Laboratories, Guildford). Treatment was continued until healing, and the healing times were compared between the two groups. Sixty-five per cent of ulcers treated with stanozolol have healed and 61.5 % on placebo. There was no overall difference in the healing times of patients treated with stanozolol or placebo. When the healing times were analysed after stratification into initial size, there was no difference between the ulcers of small (less than 2 cm2) or large (greater than 5 cm2) initial area, but for the ulcers between 2 and 5 cm2 there was a trend in favour of improved healing for those ulcers treated with stanozolol (P = 0.13, log rank test).


The soft x-ray energy band (less than 4 keV) is an important spectral regime for planetary remote sensing, as a wide variety of solar system objects are now known to shine at these wavelengths. These include Earth, Jupiter, comets, moons, Venus, and the Sun. Earth and Jupiter, as magnetic planets, are observed to emanate strong x-ray emissions from their auroral (polar) regions, thus providing vital information on the nature of precipitating particles and their energization processes in planetary magnetospheres. X rays from low latitudes have also been observed on these planets, resulting largely from atmospheric scattering and fluorescence of solar x-rays. Cometary x-rays are now a well established phenomena, more than a dozen comets have been observed at soft x-ray energies, with the accepted production mechanism being charge-exchange between heavy solar wind ions and cometary neutrals. Also, Lunar x-rays have been observed and are thought to be produced by scattering and fluorescence of solar x-rays from the Moon's surface. With the advent of sophisticated x-ray observatories, e.g., Chandra and XMM-Newton, the field of planetary x-ray astronomy is advancing at a much faster pace. The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) has recently captured soft x-rays from Venus. Venusian x-rays are most likely produced through fluorescence of solar x-rays by C and O atoms in the upper atmosphere. Very recently, using CXO we have discovered soft x-rays from the moons of Jupiter-Io, Europa, and probably Ganymede. The plausible source of the x-rays from the Galilean satellites is bombardment of their surfaces by energetic (greater than 10 KeV) ions from the inner magnetosphere of Jupiter. The Io plasma Torus (IPT) is also discovered by CXO to be a source of soft x-rays by CXO have revealed a mysterious pulsating (period approx. 45 minutes) x-ray hot spot is fixed in magnetic latitude and longitude and is magnetically connected to a region in the outer magnetosphere of Jupiter. These surprising results have called into question our understanding of Jovian auroral x-rays. In this paper, we will present a comparative view of the x-ray observations on planets, comets, and moons, with emphasis on recent results from CXO, and discuss the proposed source mechanisms.


The international convention on the protection of the Rights of All migrant workers and Members of Their Families ('the Migrant Workers Convention') has had a difficult history. The adoption of a treaty on the subject of migrant workers was formally proposed by a general Assembly resolution of 17 december 1979.2 As a result of differences of opinion between states of origin and destination, however, the final text was not endorsed by the General Assembly until 18 december 1990.3 There was then a further lengthy period until the convention came into force on 1 July 2003, once the requisite 20 ratifications had been obtained. Since then, ratification has proceeded slowly, with a total of 44 states having ratified by early 2011. in contrast to the doubts that have often been expressed as to the value of the migrant workers convention, this chapter will argue for its potential as a source of standards concerning international migration. section 1 will consider the text of the convention, and will show that it is a coherent instrument for the protection of migrants as a category. section 2 will then consider the convention in practice, arguing that its strength lies in a combination of two factors: the migration experiences of the states that have ratified it, and the interpretative work of the Committee on Migrant Workers since it was established on 1 January 2004. That combination enables the Convention to be an effective and authoritative source of standards on the treatment of migrants.


We present the first demonstration of a broadband and continuously tunable integrated optical beamforming network (IOBFN) capable of providing continuously tunable true-time-delay up to 236 ps over the entire DVB-S band (10.7-12.75 GHz), realized with a CMOS compatible process. The tunable delays are based on reconfigurable optical ring resonators in conjunction with a single optical sideband filter integrated on the same optical chip. The delays and filter responses are software programmable. Four tunable delay lines are integrated on a single chip and configured to feed a 16-element linear antenna array. The broadband beam steering capability of the proposed IOBFN is demonstrated by the squint-free antenna pattern generated from the measured RF amplitude and phase responses of the optical delay line.


In this paper a non-autonomous SIRS epidemic model is studied. Under the quite weak assumptions, we not only establish the sufficient and necessary conditions of the uniformly strong persistence of the disease, but also prove that the uniformly strong persistence and strong persistence of the disease are each other equivalent. A new threshold is determined. In addition, we also obtain a criterion on the extinction of the disease. A known result given in [7] is improved.


We investigate the emergence of hyperons in black-hole-forming failed supernovae, which are caused by the dynamical collapse of nonrotating massive stars. Attractive and repulsive cases are examined for the potential of Σ hyperons to find that it affects the accompanied neutrino emission through the core-collapse dynamics. The neutrino duration time during black hole formation for the repulsive case is ∼15% longer than that for the attractive case.


ANESTHETIC SUBSTANCES, in suitable concentrations, depress certain functions of the central nervous system, while leaving relatively unimpaired the capacity for activity in sensory nerve endings, peripheral nerve fibers, and various effector organs. In order to explain this selective action on the central nervous system it is usually assumed that synaptic mechanisms are more readily modified by anesthetics than are conduction or excitation in peripheral nerves and end-organs. Little is known, however, about the reasons for such an important sensitivity of synapses to anesthetic agents. It is accordingly our purpose in the present paper to describe the effects of a number of anesthetics on a simple synaptic system and to discuss some possible reasons for the differing degrees of selective action exhibited by different agents. Experiments were performed on synapses and fibers of mammalian sympathetic ganglia. The synapses of these ganglia are sensitive to anesthetic agents, some of which depress transmission in concentrations as low as those occurring in the blood during surgical anesthesia (Table 1 and (21)). Moreover, sympathetic ganglia, because of their simplicity, have certain advantages over the central nervous system for a precise study of the effects of changes in chemical environment. Fibers entering a ganglion over preganglionic nerves make synaptic contacts with nerve cells whose axons leave over postganglionic nerves: there are no internuncial neurones. By sui section a ganglion can be isolated from the rest of the nervous table ner ve system, so that activity in the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurones can be controlled. Finally, to permit application of chemical agents in known concentration, the capacity of ganglion cells to respond to presynaptic impulses can be preserved for long periods by pIerfusing with artificial solutions or by bathing a ganglion with oxygenated fluid after removal from the body.


A new technique for looking at the atrioventricular node and bundle is described and applied to the conducting system in six patients with scleroderma. The conducting system blocks were removed, sectioned, appropriately stained and photographed. Outlines of the atrioventricular node and bundle were generated and digitized. From the digital information three-dimensional images were generated and the atrioventricular node and bundle were rotated so that the shape could be studied from any view. In striking contrast to normal atrioventricular nodal reconstructions, those from the patients who had scleroderma showed a narrow and flattened proximal atrioventricular node. The nodal microscopy, on the other hand, did not differ significantly in architecture. It is postulated that the alterations by fibrous replacement of the proximal node could account for the relatively high frequency of atrioventricular conduction Scleroderma, problems in patients with scleroderma and could paradoxically account for the relatively frequent occurrence of supraventricular tachycardias that are also found in this disease.


The role and importance of medicinal and aromatic plants is due to the antioxidant properties of its components, usually associated to a wide range of amphipathic molecules, broadly termed Phenolic compounds. Therefore, the research aims to increase the production of active medicinal compounds through the treatment of callus Gardenia jasminoides L plantlets with two different types of lighting and different concentrations of polyamine, and putrescine. The experiment was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory belonging to the department of plant production techniques, AL-Musaib technical college, the experiment included two factors, the first included two sources of Lighting type, the regular light (fluorescent) and LED light (18 red: 2 blue), and the second factor adding putrescine in three concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5) mg.L in addition to the control concentration, Some phenolic substances (Coumaric, Ferulic, Caffeorylquanic, Sinapic acid, Tannic acid) were estimated in Gardenia jasminoides L callus using the high-performance liquid chromatography technique Hplc. Data was analyzed using Genstat statistical program, and the averages were compared according to the LSD test at 0.05. The results showed that the LED lighting treatment was significantly excelled in the concentration of all the measured compounds, and the putrescine treatment at a concentration of 0.5 mg.L gave the highest concentration of the compounds (Ferulic, Caffeory lquanic, Sinapic), while the concentration 1 mg.L gave the highest concentration of the compounds (Coumaric, Tannic acid). Also, the Bi-interaction (LED + Putrescine at concentration 0.5 mg.L) gave the highest concentration of compounds (Ferulic, Caffeory lquanic, Sinapic) in Gardenia jasminoides L callus.


1977 marked the year that the Ministry of Health (MOH) adopted the policy to promote primary health care (PHC) in Jamaica. 1977 health data supported the need for PHC. For example, the birth rate was high (30%), diarrhea and enteric infections were the leading causes of child mortality, and the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases was high. Health committees were formed which provided links with organizations that promoted PHC. Community participation would be crucial to its success. Further, community members were recruited and trained to work as community health aides. The PHC policy included integrating all services--preventive, curative, and rehabilitative--that could be provided at the community level. Specialized preventive and curative medical services would be accessible and feed into the PHC system. Recognizing the need for health care for the entire population, MOH concentrated its efforts in areas where the undeserved and most vulnerable individuals lived, principally in rural areas. The rural population comprised 58% of the population. After a decade of PHC in Jamaica, however, health care has not been dispensed equitably. Constraints to achieving PHC for all include insufficient number of trained personnel, inadequate facilities, and shortage of funds. For example, a substantial expenditure was needed to establish the PHC infrastructure, to allocate manpower, and to provide management of information and technology. Yet the Government's actual expenditure on health care fell 2.9%. Further, traditional attitudes of health care, where users perceive physicians and treatment as the center of health care, continued and often prevailed. In 1987, the Government declared it would reform the national health service so as to provide PHC to all.


As bulk synchronous generators in the power grid are replaced by distributed generation interfaced through power electronics, inertia is removed from the system, prompting concerns over grid stability. Different metrics are available for quantifying grid stability and performance; however, no theoretical results are available comparing and contrasting these metrics. This paper presents a rigorous system-theoretic study of performance metrics for low-inertia stability. For networks with uniform parameters, we derive expressions for the eigenvalue damping ratios, and for the H2 and norms of the linearized swing dynamics, from external power disturbances to different phase/frequency performance outputs. These expressions show the dependence of system performance on inertia constants, damping constants, and on the grid topology. We find that the H2 and norms can display contradictory behavior as functions of the system inertia, indicating that low-inertia performance depends strongly on the chosen performance metric.


As today's distribution grid is experiencing increased rooftop solar installations, there is growing interest in evaluating the PV hosting capacity (HC) of the grid. Since, predicting the exact size and location of potential PV installations is not feasible at the distribution grid planning phase, a stochastic method is employed to choose a finite number of combinations of possible PV size and location. As a result, the calculated PV HC is a range of total PV capacity in MW that a circuit can accommodate and not a single value. Additionally, the calculated PV HC range is not unique; it varies with the PV distribution considered for the analysis. This paper proposes an optimal power flow based formulation to find the maximum PV capacity in MW that can be accommodated in a given distribution grid. The PV HC values are evaluated for IEEE 123 bus circuit by the proposed method and the results are compared with the conventional approach. It is observed that the results of the optimal power flow method is unique and can act as the upper bound for the stochastic PV HC analysis.


For accurate analysis in low-speed collisions, roles of muscle in the low extremities are included in a finite element (FE) human model. The impact accelerations were estimated for vehicle-pedestrian collisions with and without muscle activations under 10 km/hour. The predicted acceleration at the medial knee was verified by the actual tests performed at 2.88 km/hour. Then, experiments were performed using a sled to obtain muscle activations, and impact accelerations of the subjects. More analyses were performed using the FE human model at 5 and 10 km/hour to understand effects of muscle activations on impact accelerations. At the lowest impact speed, the reduction of acceleration was 20% when the result with muscle activations was compared to that without muscle activations. The reduction was decreased to 12% at 5 km/hour. At 10 km/hour, the reduction was insignificant but existed to as much as 3%. Therefore, muscle activations in the lower limbs are important when the impact velocity is lower than 10 km/hour.