Accurate segmentation of medical images plays a very important role in clinical diagnosis so that the segmentation technology for medical images attracts more and more attention. However, most medical images usually suffer from severe intensity inhomogeneity and make accurate segmentation difficult. In this study, the authors propose an efficient and robust active contour model for simultaneous image segmentation and correction. The proposed model not only can accurately segment images with severe intensity inhomogeneity and serious noise but also can eliminate the intensity varying information to get the homogeneous correction images. They first present the level set formulation of the two-phase model, which is then extended to the multi-phase formulation. The split Bregman method is applied to efficiently minimise the proposed energy functionals. The proposed model is tested with lots of synthetic images and medical images with promising results. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can accurately segment and correct the inhomogeneous images with serious noise. Quantitative comparison results of the proposed model and other models illustrate the proposed model is more accurate and more efficient. What's more, the proposed model not only is insensitive to the initial contour, but also is robust to the noise.


The uptake of tartrazine from its aqueous solution by powdered activated carbon prepared from cola nut shells chemically activated with potassium hydroxide (ACK) and phosphoric acid (ACP) has been investigated using kinetics models. Batch isotherm data were analysed with the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order model as well as the intraparticle diffusion model. For structural elucidation, the materials were characterized using FTIR, XRD and SEM. These analyses revealed that the activated carbons (ACK and ACP) were predominantly mesoporous with several oxygen-containing functional groups dispersed on their surface. The reaction was systematically investigated under various experimental conditions such as contact time, adsorbent dose and pH. For the two adsorbents, the quantity adsorbed of 19.256 mg/g and 18.196 mg/g respectively for ACP and ACK at respective contact times of 5 and 10 min were obtained. The adsorption data were tested with the Langmuir, Freundlich models. Langmuir model was found to best describe the adsorption of tartrate ions with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 24.57 and 21.59 mg/g for ACP and ACK, respectively. Results analysis indicated clearly that the pseudo-second order kinetic rate model best fitted the experimental data and therefore was the adsorption controlling mechanism for both adsorbents. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic for ACP with increased randomness at the solid solution interface, then exothermic but non-spontaneous for ACK. The results show that these activated carbons could be an alternative for more costly adsorbents for the purpose of tartrate ions elimination.


The purpose of pulse analysis system is to provide a platform for researchers to analyze, share, and store patients' pulse data. Researchers can use the system to extract features through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), harmonics, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), and then take advantage of the former result to gather statistics and classify patients through two-sample t-test or paired-sample t-test. A group of researchers working in National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) have done an experiment to examine whether to find out acute kidney injury (AKI) through this system is feasible. The experimental subjects were patients who received open heart surgery. The experiment result shows that after surgery the mean value of harmonic 2 and 3 of patients with postoperative AKI from the proposed pulse analysis system decreased significantly, but not in patients without AKI. This system may have a potential for clinical use to detect AKI after open heart surgery and probably other disease. However, we need more cases to verify this experiment result because the number of AKI patients is limited.


The rapid digital development has transformed education resulting in new teaching methods and styles to adapt to this change. Online teaching has been continuously emerging in this 21 st -century era. There have been several studies explaining the skills required for a teacher to be successful in online teaching. However, limited studies investigate the degree of importance of those key essential online teaching skills. This study aimed to explore the necessary online teaching skills by conducting a Delphi study with a panel comprising ten teachers from different subjects. Among the presented six competencies with 47 skill items mentioned in the previous literature study, the panelists selected and ranked 18 skill items as the most crucial for online teaching success. The skill competencies to be the most important respectively are 1) Content, 2) Pedagogy, 3) Design, 4) Communication, 5) Technology, and 6) Management.


Each OF the three major South African cities has a different ethnic group dominant among its non-white, or non-European, population: in Johannesburg the African, in Cape Town the Cape Coloured, in Durban the Indian. Of these, Cape Town, the second largest and the parliamentary capital, presents probably the greatest admixture of ethnic distributions, due largely to the hybrid character and social aspirations of its Coloured community.1 In 1951, the population of Greater Cape Town totalled 632,987, of whom 267,212 were returned as European, 249,098 as Cape Coloured, 59,893 as African, 48,547 as Cape Malay, and 8,237 as Asiatic. The present study, based on the detailed population returns 2 and on a house-tohouse ethnic survey, seeks to determine the part played by ethnic factors in the social geography of this multi-racial city. The urban pattern.?Cape Town's setting is justly famed for its beauty. The heart of the city lies in Table Valley overshadowed by the bold precipices of Table Mountain formed of jointed quartz sandstones. 3 It is sheltered from the southeasterlies of summer by the lofty DeviPs Peak and from the north-westerlies of winter by the lower, elongated mountain of Lion's Head and Lion's Rump. Almost everywhere, physical features have moulded the urban pattern, which has spread from the relatively level land of Table Valley on to the raised beach at Sea Point and up the gentler, often talus-covered slopes from Fresnaye to Wynberg as far as the 500-foot contour. 4 Only the low-lying, sand-covered plain of the Cape Flats, connecting the peninsula with the mainland, has permitted untrammelled suburban sprawl. (For map, see Figure 1: Figs. 1-10 on folding sheet.) Within this unique framework, Cape Town presents many structural features common to most cities. In Figure 2, generalized from a detailed survey plotted on a scale of 1 : 12,500, the central business district may be seen enclosed on three sides by a belt of residential deterioration invaded by industry and street-corner shops.5 Eastward lie the main industrial tracts of Paardon Eiland, Salt River and Ndabeni, located on level land along railways leading from the port inland. To house the growing numbers employed in industry, substantial recent extension of building has taken place to the east and south-east, engulfing earlier housing in a broken are of modern estates extending from Brooklyn, through Pinelands, Q Town and Lansdowne, to Southfield and Bergvliet. West of this are lie the more favoured residential areas, occupying higher, better drained sites and commanding extensive


Directional correlation measurements have been performed with two Ge(Li) counters on several γ rays in coincidence with the 121.78 and 334.31 keV γ transitions which de-excite the first 2+ levels i...


Trust is an important factor in transferring data from the source to destination in wireless AdHoc network. If any node un trust in the transfer the data, the Dynamic Source Protocol calculates the alternate path. Currently, the Dynamic Source Protocol does not have any built-in functionality to calculate an alternate path if the path has a malicious node. Intruder detection system can detect untrust worthy node. However, intruder detection system is very expensive for AdHoc networks and there is no guarantee in detecting a untrust node. In the current research, a trust-based approach is recommended to minimize the overheads of intruder detection system and detect the abnormal behaviour nodes. The data can be send and receive through set the path using the level based scheme to efficiently send the data to the receiver and the data rate can be increased and set the different path to send the data.


Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) is a rare cutaneous neoplasia characterized by low malignant grade, infiltrative growth and high tendency to recur after surgical excision. Surgery is the treatment of choice for this kind of neoplasm; over the years many techniques have been used, such as conventional conservative excision ( 2 cm of margins) and Mohs Micrographic Surgery, which proved to be the best surgical treatment. However, Mohs Micrographic Surgery is a very expensive and complex technique and it takes long surgical times. Because DFSP is poorly surgically definable, it has a high rate of recurrence after surgical excision. In our clinical report, we have considered 6 consecutive cases of DFSP treated between 2002 and 2009 at the Dermatologic Clinic of Policlinico San Mat-teo, Pavia. The aim of this study is to evaluate a new surgical technique based on a Conservative-Wide Local Excision followed by histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis, which could ensure more safety in surgery, and final delayed repair. This surgical procedure allowed a lower recurrences rate than Wilde Local Excision and Conservative Surgery and the local control of neoplasia has been the same as Mohs'one. In addition it's low-cost and faster and less complex than Mohs' technique. For these reasons it could be considered a good alternative to Mohs Micrographic Surgery in the treatment of DFSP.


This paper presents an improved method for guaranteed state estimation of discrete-time linear-time varying systems affected by disturbances, noises and structured uncertainties modeled as interval uncertainties. Under the hypothesis that the disturbances and the noises are bounded, a zonotopic outer approximation of the state estimation domain is computed offering good performance and low complexity compared to the existing methods. The size of this zonotope is decreased by solving an off-line optimization problem. The advantages of the proposed approach are illustrated via a numerical example.


Approximate far-field, backscattering transient responses are shown for three ice-sphere sizes. Signal ringing continues for a longer time, but the effective transient decay time is less than a space-equivalent time of six diameters. Glory, axial, and stationary rays in combination with an internal surface wave of one cut are the principal contributors to the scattering by ice, but the dipole must be included for small electrical sizes.


C42H47N, triclinic, PI (No. 2), a = 10.011(4) A, b = 10.265(2) Ä, c = 17.139(8) Α, α = 72.32(2)°, β = 80.76(5)°, γ = 81.11 (3)°, V = 1645.8 Ä, Z = 2, R&(F) = 0.050, wRref(F) = 0.180, Γ =293 Κ. Source of material The title compound was obtained by refluxing for 5 hr in a two neck round bottom flask n-dodecylamine (1.00 g; 0.00539 mol) and 9-chloromethylanthracene (1.22 g; 0.00539 mol) in 150 ml dry dichloromethane. After that time, triethylamine (1 ml) was added and the crude mixture was chromatographed (TLC) in silica using pure chloroform as eluent. The less polar product (rf = 0.83 in silica/chloroform) was collected as a yellow powder and recrystalized by slow diffusion between dichloromethane and hexane, giving the title amine in 15% yield. Melting point: 390 Κ 393 Κ. Experimental details The Η-atoms of the organic moiety were placed at calculated positions and refined as riding using SHELXL-97 [1] defaults. Discussion The title compound was prepared within a project of developing highly ordered molecular films having specific electronic properties [2-5]. In particular, this compound was synthesised with the aim of studying the energy transfer processes between aromatic molecules included in the structure of new Langmuir-Blodgett films. The molecules are arranged in layers, head to head, with the hydrocarbon chains side by side. The orientation of the anthracene groups is such that the two C1-C14 rings related by the inversion center are facing each other. The angle between the least-squares planes of the two anthracene groups is 67.67(7)° and the angles between these planes and the least-squares plane of the dodecyl chain are 69.87(9)° and 5.27(13)°, for rings C 1-C 14 and C17-C30 respectively. There is an in-plane bending of the substituted anthracenes, as shown by the somewhat larger valency angles C1-C2-C3 124.2(3)° [C17-C18-C19 123.1(3)°] and C1-C14-C13 122.8(3)° [C17-C30-C29123.4(3)°] compared to the corresponding valency angles C8-C7-C6 120.6(3))° [C24-C23-C22 121.4(3)°] and C 8 C 9 C 1 0 121.9(3)° [C24-C25-C26 122.1 (3)°]. The deviations of the C atoms of the anthracene groups from the least squares plane of the corresponding 14-memberedring are smaller than in [5] but larger than those found in the unsubstituted anthracene molecule where the deviations do not exceed 0.010(2) A [6]. The maximum deviation in ring C l -C 14 is 0.029(3) Ä (C5), in ring C17-C30 it is 0.067(3) Ä (C27). The conformation of the zigzag dodecyl chain in the title compound is completely trans, the largest deviation being 15.1(3)° for the C31-C32-C33-C34 torsion angle. The values of the bond lengths and angles of the chain agree well with those observed in other long-chain structures [6,7]. The Ν—C distances are 1.465(3) A, 1.468(3) Ä and 1.474(3) Ä, the C-N 1-C angles range from 110.4(2)° to 112.5(2)°. The structure is stabilized by six C—Η—π intermolecular interactions, which does not saturate the Η-bonding capability of the aromatic π electron clouds as found in other similar anthracene compounds [5]. Two of the bonds adopt a classical T-shape arrangement (a greater than 150°, θ angle greater than 80°), with short hydrogen to ring centroid distances C27—H27—Cg( 1 f 2.586 A and C8—H8-Cg(6)" 2.987 A [Cg( 1) and Cg(2) are the ring centroids of the 6-membered rings C l -C 14 and C2-C7, respectively; symmetry codes: (i) x, l-Ky, z; (i'i) -x, \-y, 1-z]. Four other C—Η···π intermolecular interactions are present in the structure, one of type III and three of type V according to the definitions in [8]. Direct π—π interactions may also be relevant in determining the crystal packing, the shortest distance between two rings is 3.899(3) A between Cg(l) and Cg(3)'" [Cg(3) is the ring centroid of the 6-membered ring C9-C14; symmetry code: (iii) 1—jc, 1—3?, 1—z]. Correspondence author (e-mail: email@example.com) 130 iV-n-Dodecyl-bis(anthrylmethyl)amin) Table 1. Data collection and handling. Table 2. Continued. Crystal: yellow plate, size 0.1 χ 0.25 χ 0.45 mm Atom Site X y ; ^ ISO Wavelength: Mo ATa radiation (0.71073 A) μ: 0.65 cm"' H(21) 2 i 0.7178 0.3915 0.2854 0.091 Diffractometer. scan mode: Enraf-Nonius CAD-4. ω/θ H(22) 2 i 0.6238 0.1906 0.3195 0.082 2ömax: 50.14 0 H(24) 2 i 0.4306 0.0674 0.3262 0.066 N(hkl)mcasurtd, Whklluniauc·· 6182. 5819 H(26) 2 i 0.2343 -0.0602 0.3455 0.075 Criterion for l0bs, N(hklUt: /obs > 2 a(l0bs), 2700 H<27) 2i 0.0127 -0.0630 0.3345 0.080 N(param)"rir*i'. 389 H(28) 2 i -0.1173 0.1396 0.2720 0.078 Programs SHELXL-97 [11, SHELXS-97 [91. H(29) 2/ -0.0274 0.3424 0.2249 0.065 PLATONdO], ORTEPII [111 H(3IA) 21 -0.0106 0.8066 0.2320 0.056 H(31B) 2i -0.0037 0.7511 0.1556 0.056 H(32A) 21 0.2186 0.8070 0.1124 0.064 H(32B) 2 i 0.2164 0.8576 0.1902 0.064 H(33A) 2 i 0.0733 0.9904 0.0539 0.068 β 1 H(33B) 2 i 0.0322 1.0299 0.1366 0.068 Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in A"). H(34A) 2 i 0.2494 1.0977 0.1252 0.069 H(34B) 2/ 0.2886 1.0603 0.0419 0.069 Atom Site X >· ζ ί/iso H(35A) 21 0.0833 1.2717 0.0620 0.075 H(35B) 2i 0.1373 1.2390 -0.0218 0.075 H(3) 2/ -0.2554 0.6740 0.3156 0.069 H(36A) 2 i 0.2999 1.3360 0.0636 0.072 H(4) 2 i -0.4616 0.7792 0.3529 0.090 H(36B) 2 i 0.3453 1.3130 -0.0234 0.072 H(5) 2/ -0.4919 0.8851 0.4577 0.097 H(37A) 2 i 0.1904 1.4957 -0.0817 0.074 H(6) 21 -0.3132 0.8864 0.5234 0.084 H(37B) 2 i 0.1348 1.5155 0.0052 0.074 H(8) 21 -0.0766 0.8197 0.5453 0.068 H(38A) 2 i 0.3975 1.5662 -0.0761 0.072 H(10) 21 0.1634 0.7561 0.5695 0.075 H(38B) 2/ 0.3479 1.5793 0.0129 0.072 H(11) 21 0.3706 0.6451 0.5411 0.088 H(39A) 2/ 0.2326 1.7495 -0.1286 0.078 H(12) 2 i 0.4068 0.5279 0.4420 0.082 H(39B) 2/ 0.1875 1.7639 -0.0395 0.078 H(13) 2/ 0.2380 0.5252 0.3696 0.063 H(40A) 2i 0.3935 1.8354 -0.0378 0.078 H(15A) 21 0.0404 0.4692 0.3403 0.054 H(40B) 2 i 0.4484 1.8097 -0.1233 0.078 H(15B) 2i -0.0802 0.5633 0.2960 0.054 H(41 A) 2i 0.2380 2.0149 -0.1009 0.104 H(16A) 2i 0.1992 0.5797 0.1418 0.055 H(41B) 2i 0.2930 1.9892 -0.1864 0.104 H(16B) 2 i 0.0625 0.5137 0.1741 0.055 H(42A) 2 i 0.4474 2.0831 -0.0954 0.161 H(19) 2/ 0.3759 0.6042 0.1989 0.069 H(42B) 2/ 0.3848 2.1756 -0.1749 0.161 H(20) 2/ 0.5924 0.5978 0.2229 0.084 H(42C) 2 i 0.5022 2.0577 -0.1811 0.161 Table 3. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in Ä). Atom Site Α: y c C/ii Uu t/33 U,2 Um U2} N(l) 2 i 0.1028(2) 0.6245(2) 0.2439(1) 0.054(2) 0.033(1) 0.033(1) -0.003(1) 0.001(1) -0.010(1) C(l) 2 i -0.0199(3) 0.6407(2) 0.3802(2) 0.049(2) 0.031(1) 0.034(2) -0.007(1) 0.005(1) -0.006(1) C(2) 2 i -0.1502(3) 0.7073(3) 0.3993(2) 0.047(2) 0.040(2) 0.041(2) -0.006(1) 0.001(1) -0.006(1) C(3) 2 i -0.2649(3) 0.7142(3) 0.3584(2) 0.053(2) 0.062(2) 0.056(2) 0.000(2) -0.005(2) -0.017(2) C(4) 2 i -0.3881(4) 0.7780(4) 0.3802(2) 0.056(2) 0.087(3) 0.070(2) 0.005(2) -0.008(2) -0.012(2) C(5) 2 i -0.4067(4) 0.8424(4) 0.4432(2) 0.069(3) 0.090(3) 0.065(2) 0.025(2) 0.005(2) -0.018(2) C(6) 2 i -0.3007(4) 0.8420(4) 0.4824(2) 0.074(3) 0.074(2) 0.056(2) 0.017(2) -0.002(2) -0.023(2) C(7) 2/ -0.1704(3) 0.7755(3) 0.4627(2) 0.057(2) 0.048(2) 0.041(2) 0.000(2) 0.004(2) -0.012(1) C(8) 2i -0.0625(3) 0.7751(3) 0.5044(2) 0.073(2) 0.056(2) 0.041(2) -0.006(2) 0.004(2) -0.020(2) C(9) 2 i 0.0657(3) 0.7102(3) 0.4868(2) 0.063(2) 0.050(2) 0.038(2) -0.010(2) 0.002(2) -0.012(1) C(10) 2 i 0.1763(4) 0.7099(4) 0.5294(2) 0.070(3) 0.076(2) 0.050(2) -0.013(2) -0.009(2) -0.026(2) C( l l ) 2i 0.2994(4) 0.6441(4) 0.5125(2) 0.070(3) 0.099(3) 0.057(2) -0.017(2) -0.016(2) -0.023(2) C(12) 2i 0.3212(4) 0.5739(4) 0.4524(2) 0.055(2) 0.087(3) 0.058(2) 0.003(2) -0.010(2) -0.018(2) C(13) 2 i 0.2205(3) 0.5719(3) 0.4095(2) 0.055(2) 0.053(2) 0.046(2) 0.001(2) -0.003(2) -0.011(2) C(14) 21 0.0874(3) 0.6400(3) 0.4242(2) 0.053(2) 0.037(2) 0.035(2) -0.006(1) -0.002(1) -0.005(1) C(15) 2i 0.0056(3) 0.5639(3) 0.3152(2) 0.055(2) 0.037(2) 0.041(2) -0.008(1) -0.001(1) -0.010(1) C(16) 2i 0.1436(3) 0.5327(3) 0.1911(2) 0.061(2) 0.039(2) 0.036(2) -0.006(1) -0.002(1) -0.012(1) C(17) 2 i 0.2223(3) 0.3976(3) 0.2324(2) 0.049(2) 0.040(2) 0.037(2) -0.001(1) -0.000(1) -0.018(1) C(18) 2/ 0.3579(3) 0.3976(3) 0.2450(2) 0.053(2) 0.042(2) 0.040(2) -0.004(1) 0.004(1) -0.016(1) C(19) 2j 0.4234(3) 0.5201(3) 0.2234(2) 0.061(2) 0.052(2) 0.059(2) -0.005(2) 0.003(2) -0.021(2) C(20) 21 0.5527(4) 0.5162(4) 0.2379(2) 0.057(2) 0.079(3) 0.081(3) -0.016(2) 0.002(2) -0.034(2) C(21) 2/ 0.6293(4) 0.3917(4) 0.2751(2) 0.053(2) 0.098(3) 0.084(3) -0.013(2) -0.006(2) -0.036(2) C(22) 2 i 0.5728(4) 0.2730(4) 0.2958(2) 0.060(2) 0.078(3) 0.065(2) 0.006(2) -0.007(2) -0.025(2) C(23) 2/ 0.4370(3) 0.2713(3) 0.2822(2) 0.050(2) 0.053(2) 0.048(2) 0.003(2) -0.002(1) -0.020(2) C(24) 2i 0.3783(3) 0.1498(3) 0.3041(2) 0.064(2) 0.045(2) 0.053(2) 0.009(2) -0.006(2) -0.016(2) C(25) 2 i 0.2450(3) 0.1463(3) 0.2945(2) 0.069(2) 0.038(2) 0.042(2) 0.001(2) -0.001(2) -0.016(1) C(26) 2/ 0.1826(4) 0.0218(3) 0.3220(2) 0.093(3) 0.039(2) 0.053(2) -0.005(2) -0.004(2) -0.013(2) C(27) 2i 0.0515(4) 0.0193(3) 0.3149(2) 0.094(3) 0.049(2) 0.060(2) -0.022(2) 0.004(2) -0.018(2) C(28) 2 i -0.0269(4) 0.1419(3) 0.2776(2) 0.069(2) 0.064(2) 0.068(2) -0.023(2) 0.004(2) -0.029(2) C(29) 2 i 0.0269(3) 0.2631(3) 0.2497(2) 0.062(2) 0.047(2) 0.059(2) -0.005(2) -0.002(2) -0.024(2) C(30) 2 i 0.1641(3) 0.2724(3) 0.2573(2) 0.048(2) 0.041(2) 0.039(2) -0.008(1) 0.003(1) -0.019(1) C(31) 2 Ι0.0496(3) 0.7612(3) 0.1955(2) 0.057(2) 0.037(2) 0.041(2) -0.001(1) -0.005(1) -0.008(1) /V-n-Dodecyl-bis(anthrylmethyl)amine 131


ion from the historical interpretation and solely with reference to the facts at issue. That mathematical propositions are analytic may be false; in the sense in which Kant understands the concept of analyticity it is certainly false. But it is nevertheless a defensible standpoint. I want to recall the discussions in Moses Mendelssohn's prize-winning essay "On Evidence in Metaphysical Sciences," on the analytical nature of geometrical judgments.10 There he writes : Since geometry presupposes nothing other than the separated concept of extension, and deduces from this one source all its consequences, and indeed so deduces them that one clearly knows that all 10. Moses Mendelssohn, Gesammelte Schriften. Edited by B. G. Mendelssohn, Vol. II, pp. 7f.


Objective: To determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of the breast imaging and data system (BI-RADS) category 4 and 5 in diagnosis of breast cancer. The associations of abnormal mammographic findings with BI-RADS 4 and BI-RADS 5 were also determined. Methods: We identified the list of women who had mammography and ultrasonography in Department of Radiology from January 1st, 2009 to December 31st, 2011. Women who were diagnosed as BI-RAD 4 or BI-RADS 5 and had histopathologic diagnosis were included into the study. Data collected were age, abnormal mammographic and ultrasonographic findings, BI-RADS category and pathological results. The association between each imaging feature, BI-RADS category and pathologic results were analyzed. Results: Total of 7,705 women had mammography in our institution during the study period. Three hundred and two women met inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Mean age was 51.6 ± 11.1 years. BI-RADS 4 diagnosis was made in 74.5% and BI-RADS 5 in 25.5%. Mass was the most common imaging abnormality found in 62.3%. We found that 54.3% of breast lesions was malignant while the other 45.7% was benign. The most common malignant lesion identified in 86.6% was invasive ductal carcinoma. Fibroadenoma and fibrocystic change were the most common benign lesions, found in 20.3% and 18.1% respectively. The positive predictive value of breast cancer in BI-RADS 4 and 5 were 40.4% and 94.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The BI-RADS categorization is useful in predicting the chance of malignancy. BI-RADS categories 4 and 5 in this study had a probability of malignancy of 40.4% and 94.8%, respectively. Preoperative biopsy should be performed before performing definite treatment in all these lesions.


Based on the fast algorithm of meteorological satellite guide wind vector tracing,cloud motion wind vector is calculated. According to the different characteristics of cloud motion wind field and sounding wind field,a method which fuses conventional data with unconventional data based on variation principle is presented. The fundamental is constructing a cost function that makes the value approach conventional data and the gradient approach unconventional data. Using this method,the conventional wind and the cloud motion wind are fused. The fused wind field has high resolution. Its wind direction approaches cloud motion wind which indicates move direction of the synoptic system,and its velocity approaches conventional wind which indicates move velocity of the synoptic system. The wind field data are used for short-time forecast of severe convective weather location,which gets a good result.


A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2006 to study the performance of pigeonpea genotypes to planting geometry under different protective irrigation. The two protective irrigations given at flowering and early pod filling stages recorded significantly higher maximum mean seed yield (16.51 q ha) followed by one irrigation at flower initiation stage (14.33 q ha) and control. Among different genotypes, BSMR-736 (14.95 q ha) and Asha (14.13 q ha) produced, significantly higher seed yield when compared to Maruti. And Maximum seed yield of 14.80 q per hectare was realized with 5 x 2 ft and it was 13 per cent higher than 5 x 3 ft (13.07 q per hectare). The BSMR-736 (22.88%) and Asha (21.85%) were recorded significantly higher protein content as compared to Maruti (22.03%). The protein content of pigeonpea seeds did not differ significantly due to protective irrigation and planting geometry. Among the different irrigation levels, two irrigations recorded higher net returns (Rs. 23,774 ha) and B:C ratio (2.40). Among pigeonpea genotypes, BSMR-736 (Rs. 20,802 ha and 2.13, respectively) and Asha (Rs. 19,136 ha and 1.96, respectively) recorded significantly higher net returns and benefit cost ratio when compared to Maruti. The pigeonpea with planting geometry of 5 x 2 ft recorded significantly higher net returns (Rs. 20,499 ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.09) over 5 x 3 ft.


Redundant muscle-driven arms have numerous advantages, such as increased robustness, ability for load distribution, impedance change etc. However, controlling such a muscle-driven arm is a difficult task. This is mainly due to its redundancy, specially when the muscle force is required to follow certain output constraints and fulfill optimization objectives. In this paper, a new method for controlling such muscle-like systems is proposed. By considering both joint and muscle acceleration contributions, a set of linear equations was constructed. Driving muscle activation is thus framed as the only unknown vector. To solve this linear equation set, a pseudo-inverse solution was used. The null space within this solution represents the internal force, which was used to evenly distribute the muscle forces, which is considered as "anti-fatigue" way. Moreover, to make the proposed method adaptive to modeling errors, an estimated system model was added to represent the real model. By updating the parameters of the estimated model based on prediction error, the estimated model approaches the real model gradually in real time. The overall method was tested for the case of a bending-stretching movement. The presented results verify the validity of the method, and illustrate its useful features and advantages.


The proposed method is an ((r1, ... rk), n)-threshold sharing system: n shares are created by the sharing system to replace the index file of a given quantized image. Security is achieved through the fact that interceptors cannot view the image if they intercept less than r1 shares. Fault-tolerance is also obtained because the VQ version of the image can be fully recovered using any rk shares. Each share is k / (r1 + r2 + ... + rk) times smaller than the index file. The VQ image can be recovered in a progressive manner, as long as the number of received shares reaches some preset threshold values.


Aiming at the problem that the fire smoke image segmentation algorithm cannot obtain integral smoke infor- mation, the adaptive background updating smoke foreground object extraction algorithm based on block segmentation is proposed. According to the characteristics that the smoke internal pixels continuously roll in the heat of the driver and the pixel concentration from near the fire source to edge decreases in turn, the method for different blocks using different dif- ference threshold is adopted to ensure the integrity of the extracted foreground target. Under the difference between the current frame and the background frame, block difference thresholds are updated to let the differential threshold adjust- ment with continuous adaptive monitoring. In the new weighted average updated background image corrected by the orig- inal background image, the interference suspicious target edge pixels are removed. Simulation experimental results show that the method is able to extract more complete information of smoke in a suspected area of the edge, and eliminate the interference of light and pedestrian in complex space.


The quality of the 25ns beams that can be delivered at the LHC injection is determined by the injection process into the PSB, as well as by space charge, collective interactions, electron cloud and RF power limitations in the PS and SPS. Using the information available from our present experience, the main goal of this paper is twofold: (1) to assess the intensity and brightness reach of the 25ns beams produced by the LHC injector chain with the two main schemes, before and after the connection of the PSB to Linac 4; and (2) to identify which bottlenecks will be likely to limit the performance with Linac 4. A few options to maximize the potential of the increased brightness provided by Linac 4, based on flattened bunch profiles at the PS injection or the use of alternative optics configurations, will be included in the analysis.


Calculations of capability and performance indices are based on measurement results. The uncertainty of the measurement process used to generate capability and performance indices must be estimated before the indices can be meaningful. The actual measurement uncertainty needs to be adequately small.To demonstrate the suitability of measurement processes, were in the industrial production process based on the MSA version 4 (AIAG Measurement System Analysis [) is used.Another procedure is based on the ISO 98-3 ISO; Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) [. But this is not practical in production. Therefore, the ISO 22514-7 [ was published. This document is in the FDIS (Final Draft ISO) status and will be official until mid-2012 as an ISO Standard. The VDA 5; Measurement Process Capability [ is also based on this new standard


The Paradine Case is another example of an instance in which the Code insistence that evildoers must be punished altered the screenplay and weakened the film. The leading character in the source novel was an adulteress and murderess who is acquitted of the charge of murder through perjured testimony and commits suicide after the truth is revealed?all red flags for Code reviewers. It was the final film Hitchcock made with David O. Selznick, whose constant interference and script rewrites caused irritating delays and rarely improved the plot and dialogue. The delays and changes were debilitating, causing Hitchcock to take more time in shooting this film than any of his other movies, and the film lost over $2 million for Selznick International.


Common Information Model(CIM) is introduced by distributed management task force.It has become a unified resource management standard.This paper analyzed the necessity of information management of power communication network operation modes and the existing problems.It proposed modeling the information of operating modes with CIM,and then introduced the basic methods for management information modeling,and the basic theories of CIM.The method of CIM is applied in information management of power communication network operation modes in this paper.This method can effectively manage the information of operating modes,and has good versatility and guiding value.


With millions of years of evolution, owls have developed many excellent characteristics in terms of their flight. The speed of an owl in flight is similar to the relative speed of the blade of a small wind turbine with respect to air. Therefore, the owl wing airfoil is selected as the design airfoil of the wind turbine blade to reduce the flow separation under low Reynolds number. In this study, we analyze an owl wing‐section airfoil and the non‐smooth leading‐edge shape of an owl's wing, and implement an orthogonal optimum design to optimize the wavelength and amplitude of the non‐smooth leading edge. We extract the cross‐sectional features of the airfoil and the non‐smooth leading‐edge shape of the wing. Based on the orthogonal optimum design results, we determine the optimal combination of the wavelength, amplitude, and airfoil, and then design a horizontal‐axis wind turbine blade through bionic coupling. The flow field at different tip speed ratios (TSRs) is simulated using the k‐ωSST turbulence model at the rated wind speed. The results show that the power coefficient ( CP ) of the bionic wind turbine at a high tip speed ratio is 17.7% higher than that of the standard type. Furthermore, we analyze the operation of the turbine at TSRs of 2 and 5. At a high TSR, the leading edge bulge of the bionic wind turbine blade can change the flow direction distribution of the airflow on the blade surface, make the airflow to adhere to the suction surface, and then reduce the stall area on the suction surface of the blade. Thus, the wind turbine produces higher torque, thereby generating higher power.


This study demonstrates the use of both the classical and the Rasch Model item analyses in an attempt to evaluate the quality of reading test items used in an English Language placement test context. Thirty-five dichotomously scored items from the reading comprehension section of the placement test administered to the Matriculation Centre students of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) were subjected to both the Classical and Rasch Model analyses using statistical packages appropriate for the two analyses (SPSS and BIGSTEPS). The discriminant and difficulty indices of the items and the classification of the items according to their item characteristics based on Classical Test Theory are reported along with the results of the Rasch analysis of the same set of items. The characteristics of the items based on the two analyses are compared in an attempt to demonstrate the amount of information gained and the usefulness of the more powerful Rasch Model analysis in investigating item quality and test reliability. Given the type of decisions made on the basis of test scores in high-stakes tests, this study demonstrates the need to apply not just the classical approach, but also the need to incorporate modern measurement theory in the evaluation of high-stakes tests.


The circadian clock is a molecular network of genes and proteins that control biological timing. In the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, this unique signaling pathway operates to control the 24-hour sleep-wake cycle. In the periphery, the circadian clock acts to regulate local functions that follow circadian rhythms. Indeed, the cardiovascular system of mammals follows a circadian rhythm, exhibiting a functional oscillation of a 24-hour period. Blood pressure follows a 24-hour profile, rising and falling during the circadian day. Heart rate, endothelial function, circulating levels of humoral signals, and myogenic tone also follow a circadian rhythm. Recent data have demonstrated that the circadian clock resides in blood vessels; further evidence is defining the significance of the circadian clock in vascular cell signaling, blood pressure control, vascular function, and disease.


A novel polar neutral lipid was isolated from thermoacidophilic archaeon, Metallosphaera sedula TA-2. The structure of this lipid was characterized to be 1,1′-bis[D-glucosyl-(β1-3)-D-galactosyl-(β1)]-sn-caldarchaeol by mass spectrometory, NMR analysis, chromatographilical profiles of the lipid and its degradation products.


Abstract Zirconia ceramics possess an impressive combination of properties which enable them to compete with metals and alloys in many applications where high temperature performance and erosion and corrosion resistance are required. In order to produce zirconia ceramics for industrial applications, it is vital to produce zirconia powders of high purity, controlled particle size, morphology and surface area and weak agglomerate strength, Various methods for the production of zirconia powders have been proposed and these are described in the paper. The paper also includes a detailed description of the CSIRO process which produces high purity (99.9% ZrO2) powder suitable for structural and electronic applications.


This paper presents a new methodology for analysing dynamic behaviour of fractures or fracture systems from time lapse seismic data. It is previously demonstrated how a static fracture pattern can be analysed using discontinuity enhancing seismic attribut


The intracellular localization of the enzymes in the vitamin BIZ dependent pathway which involves the oxidation of propionate was studied in rat liver obtained from normal and vitamin BIZ deficient rats as well as from man. The subcellular site of propionyl CoA carboxylase and the vitamin BIZ dependentmethylmalonyl CoA mutase were determined. All of the activity of these two enzymes was demonstrated to be in the mitochondria and those enzymes were shown to be loosely bound to the inner membrane-matrix portion of the mitochondria. Vitamin B1 deficiency did not alter the subcellular localization. Finally, a rapid enzymatic assay for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase was described.


Conflict of Interest Statement: R.G.W. has received the following consultancy fees: Novartis ($10,001–$50,000), Johnson & Johnson ($10,001–$50,000), Wyeth ($5,001–$10,000), Intercell ($1,001–$5,000), and Kimberley Clark ($1,001–$5,000); he has received the following fees for advisory board activities: Forest Pharmaceuticals ($1,001–$5,000), Bayer ($1,001–$5,000), Kalabios ($1001–$5000), BioMerieux ($1,001–$5,000), and Theravance ($1,001– $5,000); he has received the following lecture fees: Pfizer ($10,001–$50,000), American Thoracic Society ($5,001–$10,000), and Novartis ($1,001–$5,000); he has received the following industry sponsored grants: Novartis ($50,001– $100,000), Wyeth ($50,001–$100,000), Pneuma Partners Ltd. ($50,001– $100,000), Astra Zeneca ($5,001–$10,000), and Hill Rom ($50,001–$100,000).


This paper presents a signature verification system based on 84 personally selected parameters. An initial set of 300 parameters is first reduced globally by statistical methods. A personalized parameter selection is performed on the reduced parameter set by use of several norms and a linear classifier. The personalized parameter sets of different signers justify that parameter selection should be personalized. Verification results for personalized parameters are given for different norms and compared to results achieved with a function-based system. A method for combining both approaches and the results achieved with this extended system are presented as well.


The monitoring results of airborne dust in city zones of Chongqing in 2005~2006 were primarily studied.The trend and distribution of the airborne dust in the city zones of Chongqing in 2006 were analyzed,and the characteristics of dust fall of road side and building site were discussed.


In an increasingly bilingual world, the study of human communication must take into account the processes involved in using multiple languages. Aphasic stroke patients, along with healthy individuals, can provide insight into the neural bases of bilingualism and language control. This paper will present two models of bilingual language representation in the brain. Ullman's declarative/procedural model argues for a localized approach, suggesting that the neural substrates of first (L1) and second (L2) languages involve distinct brain circuits. In contrast, Green's convergence hypothesis proposes that a single network is involved in L1 and L2 representation, which dynamically adapts as L2 proficiency increases. Although both of these models find support in various neuroimaging and lesion studies, Green's model provides a more solid foundation for certain patterns of bilingual aphasia. These patterns, presenting as difficulties in regulating which language is being used, point towards an important component of Green's model: the concept of language control. Expanding on other neurocognitive studies, the anterior basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop has been identified as playing a role in language control. Results from various neuroimaging and lesion studies form a body of evidence for the involvement of the separate anterior loop structures in language control tasks. The future of language control research lies in the mapping of this circuit as a whole, presenting potential opportunities for bilingual aphasia therapy.


An important environmental issue with respect to amine-based post-combustion CO2 capture is the generation of degraded amine waste that must be mitigated or disposed of properly. The operation of an amine-based post-combustion CO2 capture process will result in the formation of degradation products due to presence of impurities in the flue gas. These degradation products exhibit corrosive properties and reduce solvent CO2 absorption characteristics. To control the concentration of these degradation products in the amine-based solvent, a slipstream of the solvent from the CO2 capture unit is sent to a solvent reclaiming system; the recovered aminebased solvent is returned to the CO2 capture unit while the waste from the reclaimer is discharged. This paper evaluates the environmental fate of reclaimer waste generated from three common amine-based solvents. For each solvent, a degradation model estimates solvent loss and degradation product accumulation expected in a commercial CO2 capture unit. A technoeconomic analysis of various reclaiming technologies (e.g., thermal and vacuum distillation, ion exchange, and electrodialysis) is conducted for each solvent. This techno-economic evaluation includes a breakdown of purchased equipment costs, total capital requirement, annualized operating costs, energy requirements, and cost of disposal. Dr. Andrew Sexton Trimeric Corporation 100 S. Main Street Buda, Texas USA 78610 +1 512-295-8118 email@example.com Kevin Fisher Trimeric Corporation 100 S. Main Street Buda, Texas USA 78610 +1 512-295-8118 firstname.lastname@example.com Katherine Dombrowski AECOM 9400 Amberglen Boulevard Austin, Texas USA 78729 +1 512-454-4797 email@example.com Jean Youngerman AECOM 9400 Amberglen Boulevard Austin, Texas USA 78729 +1 512-454-4797 email@example.com Dr. Gary Rochelle The University of Texas 1 University Station C0400 Austin, Texas USA 78712 +1 512-471-7230 email@example.com Dr. Eric Chen The University of Texas 1 University Station C0400 Austin, Texas USA 78712 +1 512-475-6889 firstname.lastname@example.com Paul Nielsen The University of Texas 1 University Station C0400 Austin, Texas USA 78712 +1 770-650-7161 email@example.com Dr. Prachi Singh IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme Cheltenham Office Park Hatherly Lane, Cheltenham GL51 6SH, UK Current Contact: Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Ltd. (GASCO) P.O. Box 665 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates +971-2-6037034, email@example.com John Davison IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme Cheltenham Office Park Hatherly Lane, Cheltenham GL51 6SH, UK +44(0)1242 802 883 email@example.com Carrie Beitler Trimeric Corporation 100 S. Main Street Buda, Texas USA 78610 +1 512-295-8118 firstname.lastname@example.com


Planning and constructions of urban rapid rail are important means of new-type urbanization and city group construction in Zhejiang province. During the overall opening of the work,some problems come up such as strategic target,planning method,system level,because of dynamic change of city and city group spatial structure,alternating appearing of city traffic regionalization and regional traffic urbanization. Therefore,problems are coming up in the process of planning and constructions of urban rapid rail are analysed in this paper,to promoting the work of planning and constructions of urban rapid rail in Zhejiang province.


Based on the object of Outside Drive Inside Sense frame vibration micro-machined gyroscope,given the circuits realization with CSMC 0.6 μm standard CMOS technology.The simulation result revealed that the self-excitation driving model can make drive AC voltage work at the resonance of sensor,have strongly restrain ability to temperature drift and time drift.The work mode of full difference can improve SNR dramatic evidently,and restrain the disturb of common mode noise,and have less sensitivity to carrier wave.At one atom environment,the sensor have responsibility 10 mV/deg,sensitivity 0.1°/S·Hz2.


Abstract Domain of Unknown Function 506 proteins are ubiquitous in plants. The phosphorus (P) stress‐inducible REPRESSOR OF EXCESSIVE ROOT HAIR GROWTH1 (AtRXR1) gene encodes the first characterized DUF506. AtRXR1 inhibits root hair elongation by interacting with RabD2c GTPase. However, functions of other P‐responsive DUF506 genes are still missing. Here, we selected two additional P‐inducible DUF506 genes for further investigation. The expression of both genes was induced by auxin. Under P‐stress, At3g07350 gene expressed ubiquitously in seedlings, whereas At1g62420 (AtRXR3) expression was strongest in roots. AtRXR3 overexpressors and knockouts had shorter and longer root hairs, respectively. A functional AtRXR3‐green fluorescent protein fusion localized to root epidermal cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative reverse‐transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction revealed that AtRXR3 was transcriptionally activated by RSL4. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and calmodulin (CaM)‐binding assays showed that AtRXR3 interacted with CaM in the presence of Ca2+. Moreover, cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) oscillations in root hairs of rxr3 mutants exhibited elevated frequencies and dampened amplitudes compared to those of wild type. Thus, AtRXR3 is another DUF506 protein that attenuates P‐limitation‐induced root hair growth through mechanisms that involve RSL4 and interaction with CaM to modulate tip‐focused [Ca2+]cyt oscillations.


The cumulative psychosocial impact of multiple deaths due to AIDS within a single, gay community was examined. A personal construct psychology model of bereavement was used to generate hypotheses about the psychosocial functioning of the members of two gay communities differing in the extent of their bereavement. Their psychosocial functioning was assessed through content analysis of their responses to an open-ended interview question. Two hundred fifteen men participated in the study. We hypothesized that the more bereaved community would show more anxiety (in the form of death, mutilation, separation, anxiety, and guilt), depression, and indirectly expressed anger. The hypotheses for anxiety and anger were supported, but not the hypothesis for depression.


Do Norwegians think it is okay to laugh at humour that is related to religion? This is the question I explore, based on a representative survey conducted in Norway. In recent years the relationship between religion and humour has been a topic of public discourse, sparked initially in 2005/2006 when the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten and the Norwegian weekly Magazinet published cartoons depicting the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The publications led to heated debate, riots and demonstrations in different parts of the world. The 2015 attack on the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo brought the topic back into the public eye. The controversy over boundaries for joking about religion is part of a larger debate about freedom of expression and the rights of vulnerable groups such as religious minorities. Given the public debate on the topic, one can assume that many Norwegians have made up their minds about the topic of humour and religion in the public sphere.


This article explains why the United States of America (US) receives China Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) investment that targets U.S. strategic sectors. Strategicsectors are strictly protected and foreign government-controlled investments are not allowed. To answer this question, this article uses the concept of global saving glut and theory of lender of last resort. Based on the concept and theory used, it could be concluded that the reason the US receiving China SWF investments in strategic sectors is due to the decreasing independence of the US government in determining investment in strategic sectors. It caused by the role of government that runs most of its function as lender of last resort at domestic level while at interational level the role of IMF also decreasing as lender of last resort because most of IMF creditors are western countries who also in crises.


Lipolytic enzyme-producing bacteria were isolated from edible oil mill effluents on tributyrin agar medium. The shake-flask-scale studies yielded a promising isolate and it was identified as Pseudomonas sp. An OME using various microbiological observations such as cultural, microscopic, and biochemical tests was undertaken and confirmed using PIBWIN bacterial identification software. Lipolytic enzyme production was screened with oils such as sunflower, caster, coconut, tributyrin, and olive. Amongst these, olive oil showed an increased lipase production 6.1 U/㎖. In view of the highest lipolytic enzyme production with olive oil, further optimizations were carried out using olive oil as a carbon source. Lipolytic enzyme production was optimized by a conventional 'one variable at a time' approach and the significant factors were further analyzed statistically using response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of physical factors such as incubation time, temperature, initial medium pH, and nutritional factors such as concentration of olive oil and yeast extract were examined for lipase production. Lipolytic enzyme secretion was strongly affected by three variables (incubation time, concentration of yeast extract and olive oil). Therefore, the interaction of these three factors was further optimized using response surface methodology. The optimized conditions of lipase production using response surface methodology yielded a maximum of 9.62 U/㎖ with optimum conditions for incubation, yeast extract and olive oil concentrations were found to be 48 hr, 0.3 g. and 0.9 ㎖. respectively.


In many species, the shape, size, and location of home ranges depend on the spatial positioning of resources. Therefore, evaluating the resources and conditions related to the space use of individuals can provide crucial information on the species´ ecology and sociobiology. In this study, we evaluated factors shaping the use of space by the lizard Tropidurus montanus (Rodrigues, 1987) and assessed how the distribution of resources can affect the size of the home range and how the quality of the male's home range can influence the number of associated females. We hypothesized that: (i) males with a larger body size would have a higher quality home range, and (ii) there would be a positive relationship between the home range size and home range quality of males and the number of associated females. Our results suggest that males, females, and juveniles adopt different strategies. While females and juveniles have relatively small home ranges located in more suitable locations, males invest in larger home ranges, including in lower-quality habitat patches. Our results suggest that males increase their home ranges to incorporate resources females prefer, enlarging the number of females in their harems.


The shielding effectiveness of locally developed polyboron and ilmenite-magnetite (I-M) concrete is investigated using the reactor neutron beam of the 3-MW TRIGA Mark II research reactor at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka. The effective removal cross sections for the foregoing individual shielding materials as well as their combinations are obtained from transmission data using two-group neutron fluxes defined by a Cd-cutoff value. The experimental transmission factors for I-M concrete and polyboron are compared with those obtained from transport calculations performed with the ANISN deterministic code in the forward mode and the MCNP4B Monte Carlo code. The ANISN code is used for the fast neutron group flux (Cd-cutoff flux), and the MCNP4B code is used for the total neutron flux. The agreement between the experiment and calculation is fairly good at deep penetration, but at initial points, some disagreement is observed. This observation is valid for both polyboron and I-M concrete.


EMD(Empirical Mode Decomposition) is a way to process the nonlinear or non-smooth data.But the end issue appears when using spline interpolation to get two envelops of the data.A new method combining 'symmetrical continuation' with 'adding extremum' is proposed for it.A simulated vibration signal is decomposed by four methods for comparison:'original end data as one extremum','polynomial fitting algorithm','neural network continuation algorithm',and 'combination of consecutive extremes and symmetrical continuation'.Results show that the proposed method restrains the end effects effectively.


Higher Education in Northeast England has achieved important progress in the service for regional development since 1990s.It offers a good example that higher education works for the good of the community in undeveloped region.It finds that external factors are crucial to enhance the cooperation of higher education in regional development in Northeast England.


The invention discloses the baked abalone of a kind of Shang Tang, quick-frozen becomes block soup juice to put into Sheng dish, is placed on by abalone 4 ~ 6 steamed for high pressure and freezes secondary quick-frozen on block, vacuumizes, obtain the baked abalone finished product of Tang by packaging bags.The baked abalone of Shang Tang of the present invention, by the cooking process industrialization with soup juice that steams of abalone, allows consumer eliminate these troublesome processes, simplifies, and buys back home easily, simply processes the delicious food can enjoying abalone.


This article is to explore factors which should be taken into consideration in medical building designing in Shanxi province, through investigation and analysis of the features and outlines of medical buildings in this area.


Given an undirected graph G = (V, E) with n vertices and a positive length w(e) on each edge e ∈ E, we consider Minimum Average Distance (MAD) spanning trees i.e., trees that minimize the path length summed over all pairs of vertices. One of the first results on this problem is due to Wong who showed in 1980 that a Distance Preserving (DP) spanning tree rooted at the median of G is a 2-approximate solution. On the other hand, Dankelmann has exhibited in 2000 a class of graphs where no MAD spanning tree is distance preserving from a vertex. We establish here a new relation between MAD and DP trees in the particular case where the lengths are integers. We show that in a MAD spanning tree of G, each subtree H′ = (V′, E′) consisting of a vertex and the union of branches of that are each of size less than or equal to , where w+ is the maximum edge-length in G, is a distance preserving spanning tree of the subgraph of G induced by V′.


As the first part of an investigation of the motor thalamus and its cortical connections in the owl monkey, a New World anthropoid primate, we studied thalamic architecture by using stains for Nissl, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and cytochrome oxidase (CO), in order to identify subdivisions of the ventrolateral thalamic region as well as other nuclei with motor connections. Material was obtained from brains cut in the frontal, horizontal, and parasagittal planes. Our results indicate that the ventrolateral thalamic region (VL) of owl monkeys is a heterogeneous structure composed of several architectonic subdivisions that resemble divisions that have been described in macaques and other Old World anthropoids. All of these subdivisions are more readily distinguished in AChE than in Nissl or CO preparations.


frontiers to exclude cholera. Lady Roberts' Home.?Lady Roberts' " Home in the Hills" for Lady Nurses and the Officers' Hospital Convalescent Home was opened at Murree on the loth ultimo. Cholera at Peshawar.?Reports received state that cholera is decreasing in Pindadankhan, but is prevailing to an alarming extent in Peshawar city and adjacent villages. Dr. Watt on the Opium Question.?Dr. George Watt, C. I. E,, states that in the course of sixteen years during which he has visited almost every part of India, he has searched in vain for evidence of the injuriouseffects of opium. The Drinking Water of Rawal Pindi.?Good drinking water has now been brought up as far as the Mall in Rawal Pindi, and is rapidly being carried on up to the Church Lines, where some of the King's Royal Rifles are located. Clinical Lectures on Diseases of the Eye.?Dr. Accacio Da Gama, the Chief Surgeon of the Bombay Eye and Ear Infirmary, is republishing iu parts a series of clinical lectures on certain diseases of the eye which ho has delivered at that institution. The first part deals with cataract and its treatment.


Koshihikari, a highly palatable Japanese rice cultivar, has been the most widely distributed rice cultivar in Japan for the past 40 years. Gene loci that improve the eating quality of rice were detected on the short arm of chromosome 3 in Koshihikari. However, the physicochemical characteristics of cooked rice with the gene loci for good eating quality have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we analyzed low molecular weight compounds that may influence the characteristics of polished rice, or the taste of cooked rice and cooking water using chromosome substitution lines from Koshihikari and Nipponbare. Results showed that the profiles of low molecular weight compounds of Koshihikari and Nipponbare differed in each of the polished rice, cooked rice and cooking water. Profiles of the substitution lines of Nipponbare background with the gene loci from Koshihikari more closely resembled the profiles of Koshihikari and vice versa. Interestingly, the composition of low molecular weight compounds in addition to glutamic acid and aspartic acid, both of which are well-known contributors to good taste, differed between the lines with and without the gene loci for good eating quality. These results suggest that the gene loci alter the content of some compounds that were previously not reported as contributing factors in rice palatability.


An algorithm suitable for the computer aided analysis of geometrical and resistive discontinuities present in microstrip interconnections on silicon integrated circuit subtrates is presented. The distortion and dispersion of an electrical pulse caused by such discontinuities as it propagates along the microstrip interconnect is investigated in detail. Studies carried out to assess the advantages of using superconducting tracks for the interconnections in integrated circuits in the presence of modal dispersion and geometry dependent discontinuities are also presented. The numerical results are demonstrated on realistic microstrip models for the interconnects with common type discontinuities which are selected from a practical VLSI prototype.


In general, there are three methods to deal with the continuous inspection problem. One is the well-known Shewhart chart proposed by [3]?Shewhart (1924). Many authors pointed out that when the shift in mean is small (i.e. n ?u0 is small) then the Shewhart chart is not effective, the other two methods are the CUSUM (Cumulative Sum) chart proposed by PageW and the EWMA (exponential weighted moving average) chart proposed by Roberts[2]. Lots of authors compared the CUSUM with the EWMA. Generally speaking, the optimal CUSUM and the optimal EWMA both act well in detecting the small shift in mean. Since the CUSUM was laded out based the likelihood ratio and the ARL of the CUSUM is easier to compute, the CUSUM is most comparable in practice.
The CUSUM test statistic was proposed by Page[1] based on the likelihood ratio. We pointed out that we can improve the CUSUM in two ways and then we give two new CUSUM test statistics and their decision principle. One is the Pn named by PCUSUM, and the other is the Sn named by DCUSUM.
To judge a inspection method, one usually compute its ARL (average run length). A good test should has the smallest out-of-control ARL with the same in-control ARL. We established the formula to compute the ARL of the PCUSUM and the DCUSUM. The results of ARL show that the PCUSUM and the DCUSUM both improved the usual CUSUM.


Summary Researchers agree that risky driving is one of the most important contributors to traffic accidents, and it is influenced by personality traits. While the past research has revealed contradictory findings as to the value of personality in different driving contexts, the prediction of self-reported risky driving using personality traits is complicated. The lack of consistent findings might be due to the underestimation of the drivers' sample, type or driving context. The present study aimed to analyse the relationships between Big Five personality traits and self-reported risky driving in four different samples of drivers. The volunteer participants of the study were 143 novice drivers (with the driving experience no longer than one year, 67 males and 76 females); 231 young drivers (130 males, 104 females); 239 experienced drivers (134 males, 149 females); 165 professional drivers (males). They completed the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ, Parker et al., 1995) that assessed two self-reported risky driving factors (driving errors and intentional violations) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI, Benet-Martinez and John, 1998) that measured the drivers' extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Also, data about age, gender, driving experience and exposure were gathered. The results indicated that young drivers were most prone to risky driving (both errors and violations), whereas professional drivers might be described by the safest self-reported driving style. The structural equation modeling revealed different relations between personality traits and risky driving taking into account a driver's gender and group (novice, young, experienced or professional). It was found that in all tested drivers' samples personality traits might be the proximal predictors of driving errors or distal predictors of driving errors with the mediation of intentional violations. More frequent self-reported intentional violations significantly predicted more frequent driving errors (β ranged from 0.18 to 0.53). The results of the study revealed no significant associations between personality traits and risky driving among novice drivers. SEM revealed a consistent predictive power of extraversion (β ranged from 0.16 to 0.37) and conscientiousness (β ranged from 0.17 to 0.31) for different drivers' risky driving. These traits predicted self-reported risky driving of young male drivers, experienced drivers, and professional drivers. The predictive power of neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness was inconsistent in different samples. The higher neuroticism of young drivers (β = 0.22; 0.28) and experienced female drivers (β = 0.27) predicted more frequent self-reported driving errors, but did not predict the risky driving of experienced male drivers and professional drivers. Higher openness predicted less frequent violations among young male drivers (β = –0.18), but more frequent errors in professional drivers (β = 0.16). Higher agreeableness predicted significantly less frequent self-reported violations of young male drivers (β = –0.32) and less frequent errors of professional drivers (β = –0.29). The findings suggest that personality traits might be useful predictors of risky driving, but the driving context and multiple aspects of a driver's personality simultaneously should be taken into account. Key words: Big Five personality traits, self-reported risky driving, novice, young, experienced and professional drivers.


The paper describes the application of the S7-200 PLC'Freeport communication in the mineral prevent-moving car network,expounds the working principle of the mineral prevent-moving car,the circuit of communication interface,the protocol of freeport communication,the field level and host computer communication software.


The government has two policies in promoting economic growth, namely monetary policy, and fiscal policy. The purpose of this research is to see the extent to which the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in influencing economic growth in Indonesia, as well as to see the effect of unemployment and investment in mediating the relationship between the dependent variables (taxes, government spending, credit interest rates, and the money supply) on economic growth. in Indonesia for the period 2000-2019. The research approach uses a quantitative approach which is carried out in the form of path analysis with time-series data in the annual period, namely from 2000 to 2019. The data used is secondary data obtained from various sites of the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency, Bank Indonesia, World Bank, etc. The results of this study are direct taxes and government spending have a positive effect on economic growth, but credit interest rates and the money supply have a negative effect. While the indirect effect of taxes and government spending on economic growth through unemployment and investment has a negative effect, interest rates and the money supply have a positive effect.


Thiersch 1 used 4-aminopteroglutamic acid (Aminopterin), a folic acid antagonist, as an abortifacient in 12 patients for whom therapeutic abortion was indicated. The drug was given orally during the first trimester of pregnancy. An initial dose of 2 to 3 mg. was followed by 3 to 10 subsequent doses of 1 to 2 mg. at 12-hour intervals, some patients receiving as much as 20 mg. Fetal death and spontaneous abortion occurred in 10 of these patients; in the other 2 surgical evacuation became necessary, and in both live, malformed fetuses were detected, with deformities such as hydrocephalus, harelip, and cleft palate. In one of the 10 in whom abortion was delayed but finally occurred, a meningoencephalocele was detected. Thiersch suggested that, because fetal malformations occurred when early spontaneous abortion failed to take place after administration of 4-aminopteroglutamic acid, subsequent surgical evacuation of the pregnant uterus might be necessary to prevent


At room temperature bis(trimethylphenylammonium) tetrachlorozincate, C 18 H 28 Cl 4 Zn, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, C2/c, a = 1555.4(2) pm, b = 955.6(2) pm, c = 3086.6(5) pm, β = 95.38(1)°, Z = 8. The asymmetric unit contains two independent cations and one tetrahedral [ZnCl 4 ] 2- anion. The atoms of one cation occupy fixed positions in the crystal structure, the other cation shows disorder of the methyl groups. The X-ray data indicate that this disorder is caused by a dynamic rotation of the (CH 3 ) 3 N group. IR and Raman data are given at room temperature as well as the results of DSC measurements in the range from 190 K to 370 K.


In the Britton-Robinson(B-R) buffer solution at pH=6.00,the fluorescence intensity of diiodofluorescein is enhanced when cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is added.The enhanced fluorescence intensity declined significantly after phoxim addition,and the reduction in fluorescence intensity is proportional to the concentration of phoxim.Based on this,a new fast and simple method for the determination of phoxim total-residues was developed.Under optimal experimental conditions,the linear range of this assay is 0.004—0.40 mg·L-1 and the detection limit is 0.04 mg·L-1.The method was applied to the determination of the organophosphorus pesticide total-residues in rice and soil.The average recoveries of the method ranged from 98.8%—99.4%with a relative standard deviation(RSD) range of 1.72%—1.83%.


The ability to use edutional technologies in distance education is very important during the covid pandemic process. The aim of this study is to determine the competencies and needs of science teachers in using technology in the covid-19 pandemic distance education process. The research was carried out with phenomenology techniques, one of the qualitative methods. Data were collected by applying semi-structured interview forms containing 7 open-ended questions to 21 science teachers working in the central districts of Manisa province, then analyzed via consent analysis method. Finally, by creating themes and codes, frequency and percentage distributions were revealed to understand and. When the findings were examined, the biggest obstacles to distance education were the internet connection, infrastructure-hardware problems and the inability to discipline students. Students' entering the online lesson with their cameras closed, the noise from the home environment, and could not join online lesson were reflected in the opinions of the participants as problems. If our students are more active by making presentations, these problems will be minimized and the quality of distance education maximize. It was observed that although science teachers having experience in using technology are more active, science teachers with insufficient experience in using technology could not conduct scientific experiments for their students in the distance education process. In addition, integrating different student-centered educational techniques and measurement-evaluation activities with technology are other problems.


In the professional service design community, service implementation is often perceived as a challenge to service designers who are critiqued for having difficulties in following through with their work form concept design to implementation. This paper presents a conceptual framework for service implementation that builds upon and enhances the notion of implementation as a mindset (rather than a phase) within which service designers operate already from the beginning of a service design project or -collaboration. Through a case study analysis of a service design project from a hospital context, this paper scrutinises the conceptual framework and identifies the characteristics of how a design team accommodated successful implementation of a service solution a redesigned blood bank service. The analysis shows that the design team followed an emergent and exploratory implementation strategy. The conceptual framework helped grasp the complexity of how implementation was accommodated throughout the project period.


We usually take variance as the index of capital market venture, and suppose that the variance of market return is a constant. It is very important to make clear the deviation between reality and theory is in order to manage investment. In this essay, by analyzing 1500-day samples of market index, the author found that the samples' deviation of every interval was volatility and was too targe to be ignored. Robert F. Engle's GARCH Model may lead to a fairly satisfactory estimate, though, it can only predict a very short interval in the futune, which, as a result, indicates that irrational investment constitvte the mainstream of China's stock market.


With the continuous improvement of the international digital process,the utilization rate of electronic records becomes increasingly high,and it is widely used in daily office and the management.In this paper,according to the features of university records management,the main features of the digital files in the application are analyzed to emphasize the importance of digital files construction and the importance of improving the efficiency of file management by digital means.


The executive compensation committee walks a fine line between providing competitive executive pay and risking regulatory scrutiny. Here's how you can keep your balance.


The starting point of this paper is the thought that the phenomenal appearances that accompany mental states are somehow only there, or only real, from the standpoint of the subject of those mental states. The world differs across subjects in terms of which appearances obtain. Not only are subjects standpoints across which the world varies, subjects are standpoints that we can moreover 'adopt' in our own theorizing about the world (or stand back from). The picture that is suggested by these claims has an appeal but is at the same time obscure and stands in need of regimentation. This paper explores and motivates a metaphysical account of what it is for subjects to be standpoints, what it is to adopt standpoints in our representations and, most importantly, how these notions might help us better understand the subjective character of conscious mental states. Some well-known observations by Thomas Nagel serve as starting points and the paper concludes by revisiting Nagel's argument for the inevitable incompleteness of objective accounts of mental states, which will be reframed in terms of the central commitments of the proposed framework.


This article aims to discuss the status quo of e-language learning and teaching in Australia using the Griffith University Chinese program offered through Open Universities Australia (OUA) as a case study. It first points out the indispensability of educational technology for language learning, especially, for Distance Language Education (DLE), by establishing the importance of interaction to communicative language learning. Following a review of the current state of DLE, and an introduction of OUA, this article focuses on the course design of the Chinese program to exemplify how interaction has been engendered in online language learning with the support of advanced educational technologies. This discussion also leads to some recommendations for future online language course design.


Convincing hypotheses of the origin of major invertebrate groups are difficult to make in the absence of phylogenetic analyses. In spite of this, several scenarios exist for the origin of the unusual echinoid order Clypeasteroida. I expand upon the most probable of these models by performing a phylogenetic analysis on three clypeasteroid suborders, the enigmatic fossil genus Togocyamus, and the extinct Oligopygoida. This analysis shows that the oligopygoids are the sister group of the Clypeasteroida plus Togocyamus. The latter is here considered a plesion (extinct sister group) to the crown group Clypeasteroida. Within that order, the suborder Clypeasterina is the sister group to the Laganina plus Scutellina. A new classification of all these taxa is presented. The phylogeny is based on 47 characters and incorporates data on external appendages, Aristotle's lantern anatomy, and test structure of irregular echinoids, as well as new information on the morphology of Togocyamus. The earliest clypeasteroids had a lantern similar to that of adult oligopygoids, which in turn inherited their lantern from a cassiduloid-like ancestor that retained the lantern into adulthood. This lantern is absent in adult cassiduloids. Subsequent changes, including modification of the lantern into a crushing mill, extreme flattening of the test, and proliferation of food-gathering tube feet have allowed clypeasteroids to become epifaunal inhabitants of environments characterized by fine, shifting substrates, a habitat previously inaccessible to most other irregular echinoids.


Today cloud security is a major problem in the case of computer security and information security. Secure data transferring collapse due to the unauthorized acting of attackers in cloud. Attackers can exploit vulnerabilities and utilize cloud system resources to deploy attacks. So use vulnerable software on their VMs to avoid attackers attack from the cloud. Vulnerable software`s are used to avoid loopholes in cloud security. But there have some challenges is to establish an effective vulnerability or attack detection and response system for accurately identifying attacks and minimizing the impact of security provide to cloud users. Then introduce a model called defense-in-depth intrusion detection framework was proposed. The main objective of this model is to detect attackers and hackers and prevent DDOS attacks in cloud environment


Background: Recognised female fertility preservation strategies include oocyte and embryo cryopreservation. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is no longer experimental, and the only option for children and pre-pubertal girls. Although testicular cryopreservation remains experimental for boys, it has the potential to evolve and provide a realistic opportunity for fertility in the future. The RWH/MIVF fertility preservation service has been preserving ovarian tissue since 1995. This service has been available to children, adolescent young adults (AYA) and adults about to receive gonadotoxic treatment for malignant and non-malignant conditions. In 2013, this service was extended to freezing testicular tissue for pre-pubertal and peri-pubertal males. Until 2019 these fertility preservation options have only been available to those undergoing procedures at Melbourne metropolitan hospitals. Young cancer patients seeking fertility preservation in regional or interstate areas, did not have this opportunity due to lack of access and resources. One approach to increasing patient access to Gonadal Tissue Cryopreservation (GTC), was to establish a national tissue retrieval and transport service. Aim: This paper describes the uptake of a GTC transport program at RWH, allowing rural and interstate oncology referral for transport, processing and storage of gonadal tissue in an acknowledged centre of excellence. Method: An information/education/instruction resource package was developed for fertility units Australia-wide, supported by a centralised GTC program coordinator. Referrals are fast tracked to eliminate any delay in treatment. Gonadal tissue is harvested at the referring hospital and transported to RWH for cryopreservation and storage, following methods established in other countries with a centralised service 1 – 3 . Results: To date, 40 ovarian and testicular tissue has been transported from all Australian states, and Northern Territory to RWH, including semen transported from a regional hospital where no fertility service was available. This service was made possible, and free of charge to those patients 13–30 yo with a cancer diagnosis, through a generous donation by Sony Foundation. Conclusion: Provision of a comprehensive fertility preservation service, including GTC, for young people, was not widely available until 2019. Gonadal tissue transport facilitates engagement and upskilling in oncofertility with extensive support from a centre of excellence, allowing expansion of patient and provider access to best-practice fertility preservation options, regardless of their geographic location and socio-economic status.


The optical determination of rms roughness at the sub-wavelength scale by measurement of specular intensity as a function of wavelength or angle of incidence is well known. The method is normally used for specimens that are macroscopically flat. However, important industrial materials such as coated paper and paint consist of microscopically rough pigment coatings on a macroscopically rough substrate. Numerical modelling is used to assess the applicability and limitations of optical measurement of microroughness for such materials. Experimental results are presented for a range of paints on substrates of various macroroughness. Model and data are in fair agreement and show that the presence of substrate macroroughness always leads to an underestimation of microroughness. Generally, optical measurements of microroughness are only comparable for substrates of similar macroroughness and a limiting value exists above which measurements may not be meaningful.


Frequency is a crucial index in the power system. The essential cause of frequency deviation is the imbalance of active power. Conventional frequency response analysis methods, e.g. full-state analysis, average system frequency model (ASF) and system frequency response model (SFR), are summarized, and a new direct-current-loadflow-based power system frequency response analysis method (DFR) is proposed. The DFR model neglects the dynamic impact imposed by reactive power-voltage on active power-frequency response. It is presumed that terminal voltages are constant. The dynamic models of generating units are simplified properly. Direct current loadflow is utilized to consider the influence of the network approximately. Simulation results of two test systems show that the DFR model can reflect the dynamics of active power-frequency with high accuracy and less computation load. The DFR model can provide the dynamic information of frequency and that of active power. It can be used for the fast frequency response analysis and contingency screening of the active power perturbation.


The authors presented the results of analysis of children and adolescent mortality in Khabarovsk. Taking into consideration regional problems causes and structure of children and adolescent mortality are discussed in the period from 19922008.


Communication scholars have given much attention to individual differences in communication avoidance. This interest has led to the development of numerous constructs, e.g., communication apprehension, reticence, unwillingness‐to‐communicate, and interaction involvement. Comparative analyses of the various constructs have typically drawn conclusions about their conceptual relatedness on the basis of statistical associations among their respective measures. This approach is plagued by widespread incongruity between the theoretical domain of constructs and their operationalizations. This study attempted to clarify the nature of communication avoidance via a structural analysis grounded in facet theory. Evidence was found for a duplex model of avoidance in which theoretical distinctions among modalities of approach‐avoidance (cognitive, affective, behavioral) and context (dyadic, group, public) proved empirically relevant. Implications of these findings for the explication, treatment, and assessment of commu...


The modern property right system is a property right system taking joint-stock company as subject,encourage functions,retrainmelting and resource distribution function within the function,outside quality.It is a kind of system with the connotation of clear property right,right clear responsibility,strict circulation.


This experiment studied the possibility for a subject to learn a space under different visual exploration conditions. The active exploration condition (in which the subject himself explored the space by manipulating the mobile) led to better performance than the passive exploration conditions. (in which the subject watched a film or saw a series of static views corresponding to the displacement of a mobile he was not driving). The performance was lower in the two passive conditions. Thus, auto-active exploration brings better knowledge to the spatial features of a given environment than passive viewing of either continuous sweeping or fixed frame views of the environment. These results are compatible with those stressing the importance of active perception to extract invariants in the environment and should be taken into consideration when designing visual interfaces for driving remote-controlled vehicles. Moreover, although there is evidence for a link between the level of performance and the amount of spatial knowledge, it is difficult to draw any conclusions concerning the kinds of spatial knowledge required in such a situation. Indeed, the spatial cues taken into account by the subjects can either be drawn from a survey map type of representation (cartographic) or from a route map type representation (memory of paths followed), or both. The problem is to help the operator shift from one kind of representation to another. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 892069.


In the past up to the middle of the 1990s, the handling and use of SF/sub 6/ was more or less sorrow-less. Driven by ecological arguments and more sense of responsibility switchgear designs and industrial processes were developed to reduce the amount and the emission of this gas. The ALSTOM eco-approach starts already in the very first design phase with the selection of insulation materials and ends with a disposal concept at the end of the life of the equipment. This environmentally friendly approach shows, that gas insulated switchgear is still having its justification in electrical distribution. The solutions available today are qualified by an overall approach with respect to the environment and are better prepared for the coming tasks in the electrical networks than any other type of switchgear.


Loop Heat Pipes (LHPs) have been used in thermal control of spacecraft as next generation heat transport devices. Recently, multiple-evaporators LHP (MLHP) is under studied since the MLHP supplies autonomous thermal control function. However, some physical phenomena in the MLHP have not been clarified yet. The purpose of this study is to clarify thermal behavior of the MLHP under the microgravity. The MLHP used in this research has two evaporators and one condenser. Distilled water is used as the working fluid. 40W/40W, 80W/80W, 120W/0W, 0W/120W heat load were applied during the test. This experiment was conducted under microgravity for about 20 seconds, which was realized by parabolic flight. The vapor-liquid distribution in the wick core and the compensation chamber (CC) under the microgravity is presented. The effect of the microgravity for the working the MLHP is also discussed. The heat distributions in the MLHP when one and both evaporators were heated is also clarified.


In this paper a new concept for an infrastructure independent approach to indoor person localization is outlined. It is proposed to deploy an ad-hoc wireless sensor network (WSN) by means of a pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) unit. The deployed nodes are initialized with a PDR-determined position estimation. Furthermore, a subset of the nodes has a GPS connection and thus an accurate estimation of the own position. Within this infrastructure, persons that carry on-body sensor nodes can then be localized based on received signal strength (RSS) evaluation and extended Kalman filter (EKF) data fusion. An experimental setup with a 65 node ZigBee sensor network is described and the collected data are evaluated off-line. It is analyzed how RSS person localization performs under experimental real-world conditions. The proposed approach results in a localization accuracy on the order of a couple of meters for realistic parameter settings. Initial experiments on node deployment and a simulative evaluation of the influence of biased anchor node position estimations are presented. It is concluded that the proposed system can obtain an accuracy on the order of 3 meters without necessitating map knowledge or previously deployed infrastructure. This accuracy is sufficient for a range of person localization applications.


Cloud services are distributed from manifold sources with autonomous security procedures. The conventional authentication methods result in asynchronous security towards multi‐resource access and sharing. This provides volatile authentication for sequential service sessions. For alleviating this issue, a Rendezvous Block‐based Authentication Framework (RBAF) is proposed. This framework is backboned with a blockchain paradigm that differentiates authentication based on rendezvous and asynchronous attributes. The modifications in initial and final attributes are observed, intended for training, and supplanted with service‐dependent authentications. In the different sessions, attribute‐based authentication and agreed end‐to‐end security are administered using agreed keys that are valid within the sessions. This key generation is modified using the new session and user attributes based on learning recommendations. The ledger paradigm records the session and its associated attributes for different training instances, based on which service flexibility is ensured. The proposed framework's performance is verified using the metrics service distribution ratio, false rate, session uptime, and service delay.


This paper proposes a distributed fault‐tolerant control for over‐actuated multi‐agent systems with uncertain perturbations and faults including partial loss of effectiveness or even complete failures. The entire distributed control law is divided into two parts that are the distributed observer and the decentralised controller with a hierarchical structure. The adaptive distributed observer estimates not only the leader's state, but also the leader's system matrix, which makes the whole distributed design more rigorous. For each over‐actuated subsystem, the control allocation based hierarchical control structure is used. The virtual control is developed based on adaptive optimal control approaches to cope with uncertain perturbations robustly. The model reference adaptive control is used to design the control allocator without the need for the fault detection and diagnosis module. The stability and robustness of the systems are rigorously demonstrated, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the control law are verified in simulations on the attitude dynamics system of spacecraft.


Proliferation of database-driven web sites has brought upon aplethora of information access and dissemination applications. Mon-itoring and trading stock portfolios, news notification, weather track-ing, and even simple search are just a few examples. In addition,emerging applications such as Web-based communities, wikis, so-cial networks, mashups and folksonomies enhance creativity, in-formation sharing, and collaboration among users providing richerinteraction possibilities. Now, users can not only access content butthey can also generate, share and modify content (both theirs andothers'), compose their applications, enhance their interface, etc.In all these applications, different notions of user information,such as preferences, community memberships and social interac-tions, and context information, such as a user's social network,location, time, and other features of a user's environment, are ofparamount importance in order to improve and personalize user ex-perience. In this context, new challenges emerge for user-centric,context-aware database systems for storing and managing differ-ent aspects of user and context information, for data managementand computing taking into account personal, social and contextualinformation about users and for customizability of their behavior.There are several research efforts that are trying to address re-search problems that arise when developing such systems. Forexample, user preferences may be associated with the search pro-cess and interpreted as preferences over the desired system answers(e.g., [3, 4]) or they may be associated with aspects of the data man-agement process specifying user requirements for response times,data freshness, quality of service etc, and used in mechanisms,such as caching, query admission control, resource allocation, andscheduling (e.g., [2, 5]). Likewise, a user's context can be the socialnetwork or community where a user belongs. A user may belongto more than one network and community. Identification of a user'community is important as well as building personalized recom-mendations, user collaboration and sharing schemes that addresscommunities [1, 6].The purpose of the PersDB Workshop ("Personalized Access,Profile Management, and Context Awareness in Databases") is tobring together researchers and practitioners both from the academiaand the industry and provide a forum for presentation of the latestresearch results, new technology developments, and new applica-tions in the areas of personalized access, profile management, andcontext awareness in database systems.The 3


We are pursuing the notion of a Team Tutoring System, an intelligent tutoring system that monitors and manages teams of students as they collaborate synchronously and remotely to solve extended, distributed, multi-step problems. Our system, named Algebra Jam, provides opportunities for each team member to take on a variety of roles in order to come to know the domain from a variety of perspectives. To do this, we are defining a typology of collaborative problem solving roles, reifying these roles at the problem solving interface, and accumulating evidence about individual behavior and group problem solving performance in a Bayesian inference network.


This study specifies an agricultural field (Latitude = 56°30′0.8″ N, Longitude = 9°35′27.88″ E) and provides the absolute optimal route for covering that field. The calculated absolute optimal solution for this field can be used as the basis for benchmarking of metaheuristic algorithms used for finding the most efficient route in the field. The problem of finding the most efficient route that covers a field can be formulated as a Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), which is an NP-hard problem. This means that the optimal solution is infeasible to calculate, except for very small fields. Therefore, a range of metaheuristic methods has been developed that provide a near-optimal solution to a TSP in a "reasonable" time. The main challenge with metaheuristic methods is that the quality of the solutions can normally not be compared to the absolute optimal solution since this "ground truth" value is unknown. Even though the selected benchmarking field requires only eight tracks, the solution space consists of more than 1.3 billion solutions. In this study, the absolute optimal solution for the capacitated coverage path planning problem was determined by calculating the non-working distance of the entire solution space and determining the solution with the shortest non-working distance. This was done for four scenarios consisting of low/high bin capacity and short/long distance between field and storage depot. For each scenario, the absolute optimal solution and its associated cost value (minimum non-working distance) were compared to the solutions of two metaheuristic algorithms; Simulated Annealing Algorithm (SAA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The benchmarking showed that neither algorithm could find the optimal solution for all scenarios, but they found near-optimal solutions, with only up to 6 pct increasing non-working distance. SAA performed better than ACO, concerning quality, stability, and execution time.


Wearing a hard hat can effectively improve the safety of workers on a construction site. However, workers often take off their helmets because they have a weak sense of safety and are uncomfortable, and this action poses a large danger. Workers not wearing hard hats are more likely to be injured in accidents such as human falls and vertical falls. Therefore, the detection of wearing a helmet is an important step in the safety management of a construction site, and it is urgent to detect helmets quickly and accurately. However, the existing manual monitor is labor intensive, and it is difficult to popularize the method of mounting the sensor on the helmet. Thus, in this paper, we propose an AI method to detect the wearing of a helmet with satisfactory accuracy with a high detection rate. Our method selects based on YOLO v4 and adds an image super resolution (ISR) module at the end of the input. Afterward, the image resolution is increased, and the noise in the image is removed. Then, dense blocks are used to replace residual blocks in the backbone network using the CSPDarknet53 framework to reduce unnecessary computation and reduce the number of network structure parameters. The neck then uses a combination of SPPnet and PANnet to take full advantage of the small target's capabilities in the image. We add foreground and background balance loss functions to the YOLOv4 loss function part to solve the image background and foreground imbalance problem. Experiments performed using self-constructed datasets show that the proposed method has more efficacy than the currently available small target detection methods. Finally, our model achieves an average precision of 93.3%, a 7.8% increase over the original algorithm, and it takes only 3.0 ms to detect an image at 416 × 416.


The assessment criterion and cases about adverse event report in USA were collected and analyzed in order to provide a good reference for understanding the adverse event report system in USA and carrying out related work in China.


The chemical composition of biominerals is essential for understanding biomineral formation and is regarded as an attractive subject in bio-mineralogical research on human kidney stones (urinary calculi). In order to obtain more geochemically interpreted data on biogenic minerals, mineralogical compositions and major and trace element concentrations of sixty-six kidney stone samples derived from kidney stone removal surgeries were measured. Infrared spectroscopy results showed that calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) were the two main mineral components of kidney stones. Geochemical results indicated that major and trace element concentrations were present in the following order: Ca > Mg > Na > K > Zn > Fe > Pb > Ba > Cu > Ti > Mo > Cd > Cr. With the exception of Ca, Mg was the second-most abundant element. Zn exhibited higher concentrations relative to other trace elements, which suggests a potential substitution of calcium by metal ions with a similar charge and radius rather than by metals in kidney stone formation. Pb appeared in significantly higher concentrations than in previous studies, which indicates Pb enrichment in the environment. In order to discern multi-element relationships within kidney stones, principal component analysis was applied. Three principal components (PCs, eigenvalues >1) were extracted to explain 64.4% of the total variance. The first component exhibited positively correlated Na-Zn-Cr-Mo-Cd-Pb, while the second component exhibited more positively weighted Mg-K-Ba-Ti. Fe-Cu demonstrated a positive correlation in the third component. This study suggests that Ca exhibits a preference for uptake by oxalates during human urinary stone crystallization, while other alkali metals and alkaline earth metals precipitate with phosphate.


We extend the treatment of neutrinos within the context of SIM(2) Very Special Relativity (VSR) by adding a new discrete symmetry that we call Light Cone Reflection (LCR). We construct a Lagrangian that exhibits both VSR and LCR symmetry, and find that the spectrum involves two neutrinos, one tachyonic and the other not, with the same absolute value of the mass parameter. We argue that LCR symmetry offers a rationale for introducing tachyonic neutrinos.