Background Nowadays, cancer is an important public health problem in all countries. Limitations of current chemotherapy for neoplastic diseases such as severe adverse reactions and tumor resistance to the chemotherapeutic drugs have been led to a temptation for focusing on the discovery and development of new compounds with potential anticancer activity. The importance of thiophene and thiadiazole rings as scaffolds present in a wide range of therapeutic agents has been well reported and has driven the synthesis of a large number of novel antitumor agents. Methods A series of new 1,3,4-thiadiazoles were synthesized by heterocyclization of N-(4-nitrophenyl)thiophene-2-carbohydrazonoyl chloride with a variety of hydrazine-carbodithioate derivatives. The mechanisms of these reactions were discussed and the structure of the new products was elucidated via spectral data and elemental analysis. All the new synthesized compounds were investigated for in vitro activities against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) and human lung cancer (A-549) cell lines compared with cisplatin standard anticancer drug. Moreover, molecular docking using MOE 2014.09 software was also carried out for the high potent compound 20b with the binding site of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, PDB ID (3NU0)). Results The results showed that compound 20b has promising activities against HepG-2 and A-549 cell lines (IC50 value of 4.37±0.7 and 8.03±0.5 μM, respectively) and the results of molecular docking supported the biological activity with total binding energy equals −1.6 E (Kcal/mol). Conclusion Overall, we synthesized a new series of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles as potential antitumor agents against HepG-2 and A-549 cell lines.


Objective To study the efficacy of autos limbus corneae stem cell transplant treatment after excision of pterygium. Methods We had autos limbus corneae stem cell transplant operation on the base of excision of pterygium of 112 eyes. Results In follow-up period(6 months to 3 years after operation),104 of 112 eyes were cured, the curative rate was 92.31%; 8 eyes recurred, the rate was 7.69%. Conclusion Autos limbus corneae stem cell transplant makes for reestablishment of barricade function of limbus corneae. The methods that used to cure pterygium could raise curative rate,lower recurrence rate,and is one of effective modus operandis now.


Question Is computed tomography angiography (CTA) an accurate test for diagnosing significant stenosis in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD)? Review scope Included studies compared multidetector CTA with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or conventional angiography in patients with intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia. Outcomes were sensitivity and specificity for detecting >50% stenosis or occlusion on a per-segment basis. Review methods MEDLINE and EMBASE/Excerpta Medica (to Aug 2008); Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness; and references were searched for cohort studies that included 10 patients and reported the number of arterial segments with and without >50% stenosis or occlusion. Studies done after lower extremity revascularization were excluded. 20 studies (n =957, mean age 53 to 69 y, 54% to 96% men, mean 24 segments/patient) met the selection criteria. 12 studies reported mutually blinded interpretation of both tests, and 8 studies were considered to be high quality. 7 studies reported interobserver agreement (kappa) ranging from 0.61 to 1.0. Intraarterial DSA was the reference standard in all studies. Main results The Table shows the diagnostic test characteristics of CTA; statistical heterogeneity across studies was present. CT scanner slice number affected the pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity (Table), but patient population, anatomical region, study design, and study quality did not. Mean prevalence of diseased segments was 29%. CTA accurately diagnosed 87% of arteries with significant stenosis (51% to 99%), 94% of occluded arteries, and 96% of arteries without significant stenosis (50%). Conclusions Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is highly accurate for diagnosing significant stenosis in patients with intermittent claudication. Higher-slice CTA yields better results. Computed tomography (CT) angiography compared with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography for diagnosing >50% stenosis or occlusion in patients with peripheral arterial disease* CT scanner slice number Number of studies (patients, segments) Sensitivity (95% CI) Specificity (CI) +LR LR All 20 (957, 19092) 95% (92 to 97) 96% (93 to 97) 24 0.05 2 or 4 11 (397, 8176) 92% (88 to 96) 93% (89 to 96) 13 0.09 16 or 64 9 (560, 10916) 97% (95 to 98) 98% (96 to 99) 49 0.03 *Abbreviations and diagnostic terms defined in Glossary. +LR and LR calculated from sensitivity and specificity. Commentary The systematic review and meta-analysis by Met and colleagues evaluated the accuracy of CTA for diagnosing PAD severity. Current problems with and improvements in such noninvasive diagnostic modalities as CTA are well described and evaluated in this review. The standard diagnostic approach for PAD, including patient history, physical examination, and anklebrachial pressure index, is usually sufficient for management of patients with intermittent claudication or asymptomatic PAD. In patients with critical limb ischemia, revascularization should be considered first, through surgical repair or percutaneous intervention. This approach requires precise assessment of atherosclerotic arterial disease severity by diagnostic imaging, including DSA, CTA, and magnetic resonance angiography. DSA is easy to interpret and commonly used when deciding on a strategy for PAD intervention, but it has some disadvantages, such as invasiveness, angle limitation, and high cost. Recent advances in CT technology have been impressive. CTA is one of the most promising diagnostic procedures in the cardiovascular field. Met and colleagues compared the diagnostic accuracy of CTA for PAD with DSA as the standard. CTA had high diagnostic accuracy for identifying stenosis >50% in the lower limb over all CT systems. Higher-slice (16 to 64) CT provided higher sensitivity and specificity for PAD diagnosis than 2- to 4- slice CT. Diagnostic accuracy might be better when biplanar views are used to grade disease angiographically. Detailed assessment of PAD severity by a noninvasive imaging modality is necessary for patient management in clinical settings, especially when a plan of intervention or surgical repair is being developed. Higher-slice CT systems make diagnostic imaging a promising alternative to conventional angiography. Current CT systems provide thin-slice views, wide coverage, and rapid acquisition, and new technologies also provide radiation dose reduction, contrast dye reduction, and digital subtraction of calcified atherosclerosis. Further studies evaluating patient outcomes using current CT systems are needed.


Molecular engineering of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) plays a vital role in the development of organic photovoltaics. Oxygen as an electron donating atom is incorporated into the NFA system as alkoxyl forms at central, terminal, or central conjugated moieties due to the tunability at structural conformation, solubility, electron donating ability, absorption, energy levels, etc. In this work, a novel dipyran‐based ladder‐type building block (Ph‐DTDP), which possesses two oxygen atoms in the conjugated skeleton, is designed and facilely synthesized. It is applied as the donor core for the acceptor–donor–acceptor‐type NFA design and such functionalized‐O efficiently enhances the electron donating ability, lowers the band gap, redshifts and extends the absorption spectra. In addition, the π‐bridge effects are considered as well. Photovoltaic performances are systematically investigated and a high power conversion efficiency of 9.21% can be afforded with an energy loss of 0.57 eV. Meanwhile, the morphologies as well as the carrier mobilities of the blend films are studied to assist further understanding of the structure–property relationships. Overall, the study in this work provides a new promising ladder‐type dipyran building block and brings in a novel way to use oxygen in NFA molecular structure design.


A theoretical analysis is given for t he a mplitude and the phase chan ge of the ground wave, origin atin g from a d istant transmitter on land, as it crosses a coast lin e. Thc land and sea are assumed to be smooth, and homogeneo us with a sharp boundar." of sepa ration. Attention is focused on t he effects t hat take pl ace near the coast li ne \\'hen it. is not pel'miss ible to employ arguments based on the principle of stat ion ary phase. A lim ited cornparison is madc with the recent expcrimental work of Pressey, Ash\\'cl l, and Fowler ,


We evaluated the efficacy of a homeopathic drug Cefavora (Cefak, Germany) in the correction of headaches with dystonia in women during preand menopause. The studied group included 50 women aged 37 to 55 years who were cephalalgia various origins and manifestations of vegetative dystonia. All patients underwent clinical, neurological and psychological examination. The proposed formulation combines vasoactive, veno-toniс, neuroprotective, cardiotonic effect, improves blood rheology and microcirculation. As a result, the treatment of positive dynamics in the clinical picture, as a decrease in intensity cephalgic syndrome, as well as normalization of autonomic function in women during preand menopause. Сefavora may be recommended for periodic courses in monotherapy or combined treatment.


The invention relates to a preparation method of an oleanolic acid trisaccharide saponin component 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1 arrow 3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranose-(1 arrow 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranose oleanolic acid saponin and application of the component for resisting tumors. The invention also relates to application of an extract which is from rhizomes of Pulsatillachinensis(Bunge)Regel and contains the compound for resisting the tumors. The tumors include lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, glioma, breast cancer, cervical cancer, leukemia, lymph cancer and the like.


The authorities (mayors and councilors) of each municipality must promote in their development plans the adequate protection and conservation of the environment, taking into account that this is precisely what the Andean Community (can), an organization of which Colombia is a member. This is why this article seeks to highlight the contributions of the can to the relationship between the environment and municipalities. In this sense, the research problem to be solved is whether the can has contributed to improving the legal relationship between the environment and municipalities. All of the above within the framework of a qualitative methodology and from the scenario of the dogmatic method.


Abstract : The Corporate Information Management (CIM) initiative formalizes the goals for information systems management within DOD. Four of the six goals CIM lists call for systems integration and data sharing. These goals will be difficult to accomplish because each service has unique requirements and multiple information systems supporting similar tasks (Clancy, 1994). The growing need for integration solutions has spawned a new software category called middleware. The capabilities of middleware hold great promise for increasing system functionality and rejuvenating legacy systems while decreasing development time. 'The future belongs to those with the tools and processes to turn mission-critical distributed data into knowledge and competitive assets (Barbagallo, 1994).' This research presents an analysis of and explores the current state of middleware software development tools. This research also presents the lessons learned from an application development project using a middleware tool.


The stochastic optimization method for skeletal structures with random parameters under random loads action is studied. The structural stochastic optimization design model based on probability is constructed. In finite element and reliability analysis, the randomness of the structural physical parameters, geometry dimensions and the stochastic loads applied on structures are all considered. A numerical example shows that the structural analysis and optimization design model and method in this paper are valid and feasible.


The parameters of an output distance function are estimated utilising unbalanced panel data from 300 UK dairy farms. Potential nitrate contamination of groundwater is modelled within the production process as an undesirable output and shadow prices (which can be interpreted as marginal abatement costs) for such contamination are calculated.


The purpose of this study was to assess whether cyst diameter might contribute to the prediction of malignancy in complex breast masses.


The invention provides an integrated satellite navigation meteorologic radiosonde. Only a processor is used to perform satellite navigation calculation, temperature, atmospheric pressure as well as humidity data acquisition treatment and wireless communication control at the same time, so that the integrated satellite navigation meteorologic radiosonde efficiency reduces complexity thereof, increases data treatment efficiency, saves space, reduces volume, and lowers cost and power consumption. The integrated satellite navigation meteorologic radiosonde comprises a satellite navigation radio frequency unit connected with a satellite receiving antenna, a TPU (Thermal Receiver Unit) measuring unit, a power amplification unit connected with a transmitting antenna and a processor unit; the processor unit comprises a processor; the processor is integrated with a satellite navigation baseband processing module, an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) and a wireless communication modulation module; the satellite navigation baseband processing module is connected with the satellite navigation radio frequency unit; the ADC is connected with the TPU measuring unit; and the wireless communication modulation module is connected with the power amplification unit.


The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays pivotal roles in coordinating protein biosynthesis and processing. Under ER stress, when excessive misfolded or unfolded proteins are accumulated in the ER, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated. The UPR blocks global protein synthesis while activates chaperone expression, eventually leading to the alleviation of ER stress. However, prolonged UPR induces cell death. ER stress has been associated with various types of diseases. Recently, increasing evidences suggest that ER stress and UPR are also involved in hearing loss. In the present review, we will discuss the role of ER stress in hereditary hearing loss as well as acquired hearing loss. Moreover, we will discuss the emerging ER stress-based treatment of hearing loss. Further investigations are warranted to understand the mechanisms in detail how ER stress contributes to hearing loss, which will help us develop better ER stress-related treatments.


In this paper, we propose a hand region detection algorithm and hippocampal neuron networks algorithm for hand gesture recognition. To obtain the color information and depth information from the input hand image by the infrared camera. Then detect the hand through the labeling and binary. Then using the distance transform vector to save the coordinates of the center point of the hand. And it detects only the palm region other than the wrist through the center point. After by using color information and depth information to identify the number of the value changed edge, and calculate the number of fingers. Using the information obtained by the preprocessing and inputs a gesture according to the hand movement. It classifies the gesture thought proposed hippocampal neuron networks algorithm. Finally, to implement the gesture recognition interface. It recognizes hand gestures. We proved that our hippocampal neuron networks learning method takes advantage of the gesture recognition time and rate.


The use of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) in biomedical application is well warranted. It has shown to have an excellent biocompatibility in human tooth and bones. The present study was conducted to know the toxicity characteristics of hydroxyapatite synthesized from Mojokerto calcite in Rattus norvegicus. In this study 30 Rattus norvegicus were used as experimental animals. The animals were divided into 3 groups (n=10) to be given HA-calcite, HA-200 (Waco, Japan), and aquadest (control) orally. The animals were observed 7 days and then were analyzed for: fatality rate and clinical behavior, hematology test, organ morphology, and histopathology appearance. The result showed that there was not any animal death during 7 days observation. None of the animal exhibited any noteworthy findings in clinical behavior, hematology test, organ morphology, and histopathology appearance. In conclusion, HA-calcite did not show any acute toxicity characteristic; therefore, it was potential to be used as an alternative material for bone substitution.


Today, due to the extended worldwide pandemic, socialization of persons with same interests is an enormously crucial step in isolating people. Moreover, most individuals are always attempting to simplify and automate all of the essential everyday routines that use a significant amount of free time. The same may be said about the individual's socialization process. In the situation of decision support system (DSS) development and large data analysis, machine learning and SEO technologies are presently increasingly significant. Almost any DSS that has a substantial user base employs proper socializing method. In this example, a unique algorithm based on Levenstein's algorithm, sample extension, N-grams, and the Noisy Channel model was developed. Based on current Levenstein algorithms, sample expansion, N-grams, and the Noisy Channel model, the researchers developed a new algorithm for assessing user information and determining the most apposite IP users based on the inspected text of profile messages. A active socialization DSS was created using an asynchronous programming framework. The convolutional neural network was upgraded, allowing for more effective searching for human faces in photos and checking for existent persons in the DSS database. The DSS will enable efficient and quick text data selection, analysis, processing, and final result generation. For systematic and high-quality intelligent search and processing of applicable information for the needs of a specific user, the DSS employs SEO technologies. By using a neural network, you may accurately identify a user based on his photo. The methods employed in general allow you to develop a convenient DSS socialization employing the relevant techniques. It is worth mentioning the importance of optimizing the current DSS; first and foremost, it is total asynchrony of system, which will eliminate any long waits and difficulties in processing and analyzing requests; second, the system allows efficient and active work with various volumes of large data. DSS users require more data. We also use the cloud platform, which allows for data dispersion. For example, all of the most challenging data may be stored in the cloud environment, and all of the necessary data can be downloaded using a simple basic DSS interface with data queries. As a result, it can be claimed that the development of this DSS is critical both in terms of societal impact and in terms of executing all of the algorithms that the DSS requires.


Abstract Background The Recovery After Initial Schizophrenia Episode-Early Treatment Program (RAISE-ETP) study was a landmark investigation whose positive results led to increased funding and support to build first episode psychosis programs across the US. Every state in the country received dedicated funding to implement a coordinated specialty care (CSC) program designed to identify and treat persons with first episode psychosis within the context of the nation's multi-payer health system. Since the funding began in 2014, numerous CSC programs have been developed but little is known about which models of treatment providers are implementing and the success of these programs. The research here presents data from a survey focusing on providing feedback from the first episode psychosis programs in the US implementing NAVIGATE, the CSC program utilized in RAISE-ETP. The survey targets the program directors in the NAVIGATE programs; the aims of the survey include 1) to describe the program characteristics of NAVIGATE teams in the US and 2) to better understand how NAVIGATE programs are identifying and enrolling people into their services. Capturing local data on CSC team composition and case identification strategies is particularly critical in multi-payer systems lacking guidance and oversight from a national health system. Methods An online survey is being conducted to assess the implementation of NAVIGATE programs in the US and evaluate the procedures that the program director utilizes to identify and enroll NAVIGATE participants in services. Program directors from NAVIGATE programs are being identified and contacted to participate by national trainers to join a national database of first episode programs. Program data collected includes information about the location of the program, staff in the different NAVIGATE team roles (prescriber, individual clinician, family clinician, and employment/education specialists, as well as optional roles such as peer advocate and case manager), program enrollment criteria, number of participants screened and enrolled, and rates of planned and unplanned discharge. In addition, program directors are asked questions to report community based strategies to identify participants and screening procedures to enroll participants. Data analysis will focus on presenting the demographic and clinical characteristics of the programs. Common themes will be ascertained, including barriers and facilitators to identifying and enrolling participants with first episode psychosis. Helpful recommendations provided by the project directors on identifying and screening participants will be synthesized and reported. Results There are approximately 30 NAVIGATE programs in 14 states in the US. Results will highlight the dissemination of NAVIGATE in the US and implementation of these programs across a wide range of different communities. We will describe the dissemination of NAVIGATE across the US and similarities and differences across NAVIGATE programs. Results also will provide feedback on the challenges and helpful strategies that program directors have used to engage people in treatment. Discussion The findings from this survey will be the first to provide an overview of the implementation of the NAVIGATE program in the US. The results will provide an overview of the dissemination of the NAVIGATE program, the only CSC program evaluated in a national US trial. Recommendations could help inform the ongoing development and dissemination of coordinated specialty care programs.


Objective To investigate the changes of inflammatory factors and kidney injury in rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus Methods The model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was set up by feeding high-glucose and high-fat diet and by injecting STZ into peritoneal cavity of rat. At the end of 4 weeks and 8 weeks, the fasting blood glucose, the levels of fasting serum insulin were measured. At the end of 18 weeks the fasting blood glucose, the levels of fasting serum insulin, serum TGF-β1,TNF-α,Leptin in all the groups were measured. Moreover, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to examine the pathological change of kidney and expression of TGF-β1.Results The levels of TGF-β1,TNF-α,Leptin in the kidney of the rats of type 2 diabetes mellitus obviously increased. The expressive levels of TGF-β1 in the kidney also increased.Conclusions There are inflammatory injuries in the kidney of rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Deployment of devices which record timing and magnitude of food ingestion in two wandering albatrosses Diornedea exulans at sub-Antarctic Marion Island shows that feeding occurred both at night and during the day, but with most ingestion events (70%) occurring during daylight hours. Seventy-six per cent of the estimated mass of food was ingested during the day. Earlier workers concluded that foraging occurred mostly during the night. We suggest that nocturnal foraging represents mostly capture of live prey close to the water surface. Daytime foraging is suggested to be mainly for moribund prey that has floated to the surface. Duration of foraging trips and timing of arrival back at the nest are similar to those reported elsewhere. The arrival of females soon after dawn is considered to be a consequence of a reluctance to land on the island at night. Differences in the temporal pattern of male and female arrivals may reflect sex-specific foraging patterns.


Acoustical beamfoming technique is a new powerful noise source investigation method, which can helps to understand the noise environment, by fast generation of acoustic images (acoustic maps superimposed to pictures or video, even in real-time mode). This paper describes the principles of the technique, and shows some applications including identification of noise sources and evaluation of noise contribution of each source to the global noise value in complex noise environment, noise path analysis, acoustical source recognizion by directional noise emphasis. Beamforming technique can be successfully applied both in urban and industrial environment, as well as in R&D department of transport vehicle designers, in order to reduce noise emission of airplanes, trains, truck or cars.


This paper presents a Chebyshev-Gauss collocation method to determine an approximate solution to the initial value problems of ordinary differential equations. We propose an algorithm to solve an ordinary differential equation on a singleinterval domain and extend the algorithm to a multi-interval domain. We then generalize the algorithm to the system of ordinary differential equations including the Hamiltonian systems. Numerical results show that the proposed method gives a spectral accuracy. The comparison of our method to some related work is provided to show the accomplishment of the method.


The supersonic ejector-diffuser system makes use of high Mack number primary stream to entrain the secondary stream through pure shear action for the purposes of transport or compression of fluid. This system has many advantages over other fluid machinery because of no moving parts and no direct mechanical energy input. Recently, the supersonic ejector-diffuser system is being used as one of the most important components of the solar seawater desalination facility. However, the optimization of the ejector-diffuser system and its optimal operation condition are hardly known due to the complicated turbulent mixing, compressibility effects and even flow unsteadiness which are generated inside the ejector-diffuser system. Nevertheless, much effort has devoted to the performance improvement of the system since it bears relatively very low efficiency. Several results have shown some conflict between the pressure recovery and the entrainment ratio. In the present study, mixing guide vanes were installed at the inlet of the secondary stream of the ejector-diffuser system for the purpose of the performance improvement. A CFD method has been applied to simulate the ejector-diffuser flow field. The present CFD results were validated with existing experimental data. The optimized mixing guide vane is discussed to increase the performance of the ejector. The operation characteristics of the ejector system with different numbers of the guide vanes are analyzed, in detail. The ejector-diffuser system performance is discussed in terms of the entrainment ratio, ejector efficiency, pressure recovery as well as total pressure loss.


In this article we consider PMC surfaces in complex space forms, and we study the interaction between the notions of PMC, totally real and biconservative. We first consider PMC surfaces in non-flat complex space forms and we prove that they are biconservative if and only if totally real. Then, we find a Simons type formula for a well-chosen vector field constructed from the mean curvature vector field. Next, we prove a rigidity result for CMC biconservative surfaces in 2dimensional complex space forms. We prove then a reduction codimension result for PMC biconservative surfaces in non-flat complex space forms. We conclude by constructing from the Segre embedding examples of CMC non-PMC biconservative submanifolds, and we also discuss when they are proper-biharmonic.


Continuous auditing is a necessary development trend of auditing in the information age.Compared to traditional auditing,continuous auditing's efficacy cannot be withstood. Continuous auditing not only brings its efficacy to both the auditors and enterprises,but also can meet information needs of users and promote capital markets' development.Continuous auditing is significant to the development of our country's auditing profession and enterprises.


The effects of the technical important shot peening parameters peening pressure, mass flow, hardness and size of the shot particles on the surface layer properties were systemat~cally studied. Samples of the differently heat treated steel AISI 4140 (German Grade 42CrMo4) with a hardness between HV 230 and HV 660 were shot peened. The surface layers were characterized by measuring the residual stresses and the half width values of interference lines using X-ray diffraction and by determining the surface roughness. With increasing workpiece hardness characteristic maxima of the compressive residual stresses beneath the surface are observed. An increasing peening intensity causes a deeper penetration of the compressive residual stresses. During shot peening the half values near the surface increase for softer material conditions, whereas these values decrease for harder material conditions. T h ~ s is caused by a multiplication of dislocations in the softer material and by a rearrangement of dislocations of high density to energetically more favorable positions in the harder material.


Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activity reflects how much an individual positively views each person (impression). Here, we investigated whether the degree to which individuals think others positively view them (reflected impression) is similarly tracked by activity in the vmPFC by using fMRI and speed‐dating events. We also examined whether activity of the vmPFC in response to the faces of others would predict the impression formed through direct interactions with them. The task consisted of three sessions: pre‐speed‐dating fMRI, speed‐dating events, and post‐speed‐dating fMRI (not reported here). During the pre‐speed‐dating fMRI, each participant passively viewed the faces of others whom they would meet in the subsequent speed‐dating events. After the fMRI, they rated the impression and reflected impression of each face. During the speed‐dating events, the participants had 3‐min conversations with partners whose faces were presented during the fMRI task, and they were asked to choose the partners whom they preferred at the end of the events. The results revealed that the value of both the impression and reflected impression were automatically represented in the vmPFC. However, the impression fully mediated the link between the reflected impression and vmPFC activity. These results highlight a close link between reflected appraisal and impression formation and provide important insights into neural and psychological models of how the reflected impression is formed in the human brain.


Chilling injuries represent a major issue in postharvest management of apple fruit. The usage of low temperature to extend the storage capacity can lead to the development of many physiological disorders, such as superficial scald, which seriously affect the entire marketability. The main symptom of superficial scald is represented by a diffuse browning coloration, generally limited to the skin and the underlying six-cell layer, generally occurring after the re-establishment of room temperature conditions. In this work, RNA-seq technology was employed to characterize the transcription dynamics of 'Granny Smith' apples affected by superficial scald and treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene competitor known to control this physiopathy. In addition, a metabolomic profiling was also performed to determinate correspondences between gene expressions and phenotypic traits (polyphenol accumulations and production of volatiles mainly). With the aim to step forward in our understanding about the aetiological cause of superficial scald, particular effort was dedicated to decipher the effect of 1-MCP on the fruit transcriptomic pattern.


The industrialized nations have shown a remarkable ability to face the energy crisis of the 1970s by a combination of strategies which led in effect to the destruction of the OPEC cartel. The most important of these strategies was the reduction in oil imports made possible by the adoption of energy conserving technologies. In addition to that there was a remarkable shift from the use of oil to electricity which implies also a more efficient use of energy. While thermal cycles such as internal explosion motors used in automobiles convert only some 30 percent of the energy of the fuel into motive power in the wheels, electricity (once produced) can be converted into motive power with an efficiency of almost 100 percent. Of course the production of electricity from coal or oil goes also through a thermal cycle where energy is lost but the efficiency of conversion has been rising continuously, as shown in Figure 1. This shows the evolution of the thermal efficiency of British electrical generating stations (56 thermal power plants burning coal with a total generating capacity of 46.7 OW). In the period 1970-1985 the efficiency increased from 30 percent to 35 percent, equivalent in reality to an additional 10 mW of coal burning capacity.


Based on the Differential Mean Value Theorem,this paper discusses the teaching process,optimizes teaching design,and guides students to gradually understand the Differential Mean Value Theorem with the four aspects: observing the geometric facts,understanding historical background,excavating thinking method and expanding questions.Therefore,teachers will be able to improve the effectiveness of classroom teaching,cultivate students' mathematical ability and lay the foundation of the application of the Differential Mean Value Theorem.


Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the best treatment for sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS). In the 1990s, many authors reported on daily compliance, but all of the studies utilised relatively short periods of follow-up that did not exceed a few years. The mean annual rate of CPAP use in patients with SAS was prospectively recorded. In the current study, the results are presented along with compliance data from patients who started CPAP between 1991 and 1998 and were still using it by the end of 2003. The cohort was chosen in order to obtain ≥5 yrs of follow-up for each patient. In total, there were 204 patients. For the whole group, mean±sd compliance reached 321±90 and 393±84 min after 1 and 10 yrs, respectively. There was no significant change in the first 2 yrs, with a significant increase from the third year onwards. Compliance, or its evolution over time, was not correlated either to the baseline polysomnographical data (except slightly for the CPAP pressure), to the difference of these data before and under CPAP therapy, to the age of retirement or to changes in the marital status. In conclusion, very long-term compliance with continuous positive airway pressure increases by a mean of 8 min·day−1 per year of follow-up in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome.


Divisibility of finite sums of power of integers such as   , ,  and  has been developed by authors in some books and articles. In this article will be discussion residual of result division   divisible by two by using divisibility concept and formulate it based on residual of result division that is listed into tables.


In this paper we develop a multi-level subjective effects-based assessment method. This method takes subjective assessments regarding activities and effects of a plan as inputs. From these assessments and a cross impact matrix that represents the impact between all elements of the plan we calculate combined assessments for all plan elements. For each activity (and effect) we calculate how much additional assessment value is needed to reach the assessment of the higher-level effect without its local assessment. The discrepancy between assessments received and assessments needed is an indication of relative performance of the activities. The method is based on belief functions and their combination under a generalization of the discounting operation.


Three unidentified Maori girls shelling toheroa on a beach. They appear to be wrapped up for the cold, and each wears a hat. Shows them looking at the camera, seated alongside two kete full of the shellfish which they shell into tins. Empty shells cover the ground around them. Photograph probably taken in the Northland region between 1910-1939 by Arthur James Northwood.
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Dry plate glass negative 6.5 x 8.5 inches


This research aimed to figure out the role of parents in assisting elementary students' learning through a distance learning model in Jayapura and its problems faced by the parents. This qualitative research was conducted in Jayapura City, Papua Province. Data collection techniques of this research used interview and questionnaire which was distributed by using google form to the subjects. The findings showed that there were four roles of parents in assisting elementary students' learning through a distance learning model, namely (1) Educator, meaning that the parents performed as a mentor and teacher of the children at home; (2) Motivator, meaning that the parents motivated their children continuously during distance learning model; (3) Facilitator, meaning that the parents provided facilities and conveniences for their children and provide various learning resources for their children; (4) Inspirator, meaning that the parents became a model for their children as they act as teacher. The problems faced by parents in a distance learning were (1) difficult to manage the time; (2) unstable network; (3) they fear a new technology (technophobe); (4) require patience; and (5) the way to provide assistance when the parents were at work.


Since the 1990s, in our country, the improvement of higher education has been implemented as part of the
response to the OECD's suggestions to include in public policies, the development of academic staff and the quality of national education, Giving rise to the Program for Improvement of Teachers (PROMEP), today PRODEP, which in turn creates and promotes the Academic Corps (CA) to promote research among teachers and as a substantive activity in Higher Education Institutions. In this work, the norms and activity of these academic bodies are studied, with a particular focus towards the University of Sonora, from the PRODEP guidelines and the internal regulation. It establishes as a general objective, to review the normative framework of the University of Sonora and its influence in the development of the formation and
consolidation of its academic bodies. The work is a qualitative documentary study of the regulations and guidelines that directly affect the academic bodies at the University of Sonora, compared against the general situation of the simple analysis of the national CAs. Having as conclusions that although it is considered
as a barrier of development of the academic bodies in the University of Sonora is the own academic normativity, that in addition to the lack of regulated conceptualization, inserts of forced way and little
significant its institutional participation the analysis Shows an advance of the AC, in the decade of revised
information.


A method of making interdental cleaners (10e), the method comprising: forming a blank (88) by extrusion material in an extrusion direction (F), which includes forming a first portion of blank piece ( 90) including a first cross section and a second portion of blank piece (92) including a cross section different from the first cross section, defining the blank (88) a median plane (P) and defining the second portion of blank piece (92) a first pair of converging surfaces (91) converging towards the median plane (P); punching the blank (88) substantially normal to the midplane (P) to form a plurality of blanks cleaning (93), each piece cleaning blank (93) a handle portion (94) formed from part of blank piece (90) and a shaft portion (96) formed from the second portion of blank piece (92), including stamping of the blank forming each shaft portion (96) to include a second pair of converging surfaces (95); and attaching cleaning members (100) to a portion of the shaft portion (96).


Although it is well-known that dazzle, flash-blindness and afterimages may be caused by bright optical radiation, only sparse quantitative data are available with regard to the effects arising from low power laser products. Indirect effects like temporary blinding might result in serious incidents or even accidents due to the alteration of visual functions like visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and color discrimination. In order to determine the degree and duration of impairment resulting from dazzle, flash-blindness and afterimages, caused by a laser beam, an investigation has been performed with the goal to improve the current knowledge as far as especially the visual acuity recovery duration is concerned. Two different test set-ups were designed and applied in order to determine the afterimage duration and the recovery time for visual acuity after temporary blinding from a laser, respectively. In order to get the desired information a helium-neon laser was mounted on a movable assembly where the respective beam position and direction could be set up on a semicircle. In addition the mount could be inclined in a vertical plane in order to increase the variability of feasible settings. The power was adjusted in several steps in order to investigate the respective dependence of the afterimage. The investigations were relatively time consuming, since re-adaptation of about half an hour was necessary after every exposure in order not to falsify the results. The trials have been done with several volunteers in the laboratory. After the experimental mapping of the local afterimage duration for the various sites on the retina the foveal afterimage duration taf,fv produced by a red laser beam was determined. The investigations have shown a strong dependence on the angle between the line of sight and the beam direction. Besides a maximum of 300 s the dose relationship taf,fv/s ≈ 50.6•ln[(P•texp)/μJ] - 13.4 for laser output powers P between 10 μW and 30 μW with exposure durations texp from 0.25 s up to 10 s was found. The inability to read due to the disturbance produced by afterimages lasts for about 20 s even if the exposure is not more than 0.25 s from a laser with about 0.8 mW optical output power. In addition to the physiological effects of temporary blinding the psychological glare was determined as a function of the angle between line of sight and beam direction. It was found that already at output powers below 30 μW of a He-Nelaser the subjects reported intense glare effects and felt uncomfortable due to the high brightness. Instead of the standard visual acuity measurement used by eye care professionals, a reading test on a computer monitor was applied after laser irradiation. In this case two different lasers were used as a dazzling light source, one with a wavelength of 632.8 nm and the other with 532 nm. The maximum applied optical power in a 7-mm aperture, which is equivalent to the pupil diameter of a dark adapted eye, was 0.783 mW. The exposure durations were chosen as 0.25 s, 0.5 s, 1 s, 5 s, and 20 s.


Multi-discipline research in the field of higher education is not only of theoretical value concerning methodology,epistemology,policy orientation and discipline construction,but also of practical value in renewing teaching concepts,innovating teacher education models,reforming talent cultivation system,and creating new platforms for the innovation of scientific researches;therefore,it has become more and more important in researches on higher education.However,there is no denying that there are many limitations in multi-discipline research.Only with a thorough understanding of the values and limitations,can Multi-discipline research serve the development of Chinese higher education better.


Children suffering from cerebral palsy are commonly handicapped in learning arithmetical skills. A part of the handicap is the direct result of lesions within the central nervous system. But the particular style of teaching also presents a variable that may well be of greater than usual importance for a handicapped child. Programmed instruction for cerebral palsied children would seem to have certain obvious advantages when continuity of attendance is interrupted or in classes with wide ranges of intellectual capacity, situations that are particular problems in schools for physically handicapped children. The author, who is tutor and lecturer in the education of physically handicapped children, Department of Child Development, Institute of Education, University of London, recognized that, before any general recommendation that programmed instruction might be an aid to the solution of such difficulties, solid research was needed to show if (1) cerebral palsied children can be taught by programmed instruction,


The present invention is a supercritical fluid - a biodegradable polymer ipcheyi properties process for producing a composite, and the polymer ipcheyi properties conjugate each other a single-phase polymer du type and a small amount of an organic solvent of the other three-dimensional structure in that the reactor for the production therefrom using an organic solvent system, biodegradable insert according to the method of the present invention that after the injection of supercritical fluid added to a certain temperature and pressure to form a polymer ipcheyi nature composite having a crystal structure, and thermal, good mechanical stability, having a form in the form of powder or porous structure a polymer composite ipcheyi properties can be manufactured in a simple, economical, eco-friendly in a single step.


Monte Carlo methods are increasingly being used for whole core reactor physics modelling. We describe a number of recent developments to the MONK nuclear criticality and reactor physics code to implement parallel processing, mesh-dependent burn-up and coupling to both thermal hydraulics and gamma transport codes. Results are presented which demonstrate the e_ects of gamma heating in a MONK calculation coupled to the MCBEND Monte Carlo shielding code. Experimental validation of the mesh-dependent tracking and gamma coupling methods is provided by comparison with the results of the NESSUS experiment. The gamma heating calculated by coupled MONK-MCBEND, and the neutron heating calculated by MONK, both compare well against measurement. Finally results are presented from a parallel MONK calculation of a highly detailed PWR benchmark model, which show encouraging speed-up factors on a small development cluster.


We study the valuation of the variance swaps under stochastic volatility with delay and jumps. In our model, the volatility of the underlying stock price process not only incorporates jumps, which are found to be active empirically, but also exhibits past dependence: the behavior of a stock price right after a given time depends not only on the situation at but also on the whole past (history) of the process up to time as well. The jump part in our model is finally represented by a general version of compound Poisson processes. We provide some analytical closed forms for the expectation of the realized variance for the stochastic volatility with delay and jumps. We also present a lower bound for delay as a measure of risk. As applications of our analytical solutions, a numerical example using S&P60 Canada Index (1998–2002) is then provided to price variance swaps.


Omer Parlak Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey. e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com INTRODUCTION Lipomas are benign soft tissue tumors. They are the most common soft tissue tumors of adult age. They are commonly solitary, mobile, painless, and slow-growing lesions. They are usually located on the extremities but rarely can be intraabdominal. Total surgical excision is usually curative if the lesion is symptomatic. The differential diagnosis of lipomas and other soft tissue tumors is very important to prevent possible complications and metastasis. CT and MRI are often used for this purpose, but pathological examination must be done for exact diagnosis.


The immersed boundary (IB) method is a mathematical formulation for fluid-structure interaction problems,
where immersed incompressible visco-elastic bodies or boundaries interact with an incompressible fluid.

The original numerical scheme associated to the IB method requires a smoothed approximation of the Dirac
delta distribution to link the moving Lagrangian domain with the fixed Eulerian one.

 We present an adaptive version of the finite element immersed boundary method, where the Dirac delta
 distribution is treated in a variational way, eliminating the need to approximate it. [ DOI : 10.1685 / CSC06022] About DOI


Research into the public understanding of science has revealed a widespread lack of understanding of basic scientific concepts and procedures. However, it also shows that the relationship of lay citizens and other non-experts to science is much more complex than is captured by a simple "cognitive deficit" model of knowledge that focuses on "what people don't know". Overall, research findings point towards a need for diversity and local sensitivity in programs of environmental education. They also suggest that the goal should be to enable students to engage in an informed conversation with expertise about the environment and help them develop the confidence and skill to add to it and, when appropriate, to challenge it. Achieving such a goal will require changes in both teaching and assessment approaches.


Abstract The process of solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation is systematically investigated along with its chemical composition on carbon electrodes in an ionic liquid‐based, Li‐containing electrolyte in a combined surface science and electrochemical model study using highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and binder‐free graphite powder electrodes (Mage) as model systems. The chemical decomposition process is explored by deposition of Li on a pre‐deposited multilayer film of 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSI]) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Electrochemical SEI formation is induced by and monitored during potential cycling in [BMP][TFSI]+0.1 m LiTFSI. The chemical composition of the resulting layers is characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), both at the surface and in deeper layers, closer to the electrode|SEI interface, after partial removal of the film by Ar+ ion sputtering. Clear differences between chemical and electrochemical SEI formation, and also between SEI formation on HOPG and Mage electrodes, are observed and discussed.


The theory of Bohr and Lindhard for electron capture and loss by heavy ions penetrating through solids has been modified. It is concluded that the difference in the average equilibrium charge of fast ions traversing solids and dilute gases is mainly due to Auger processes which occur after the ions leave the solid. The charge states inside solids are \char22{} in disagreement with the deductions of Bohr and Lindhard \char22{} not much larger than those in gases.


1. Consumption, Identity and Locality: a Theoretical Perspective on Charity Shops I 2. Retailing: a Theoretical Perspective on Charity Shops II 3. Customers and Demand: Thrift, Lifestyle, Convenience and Coming out of the Cold 4. Materialising Profit: from Donation to Distribution 5. Staffing the Charity Shop: Voluntary, Not-So-Voluntary and Paid Staff 6. Pricing and Competition: Hitting the Mark 7. 'It's all in the Mix': Profits, Lifecycles, Lifestyles, and the Future of Charity Shops


This study discusses the responses of Mexican intellectuals to the 1968 massacre in the Plaza de Tlatelolco. Several published studies and anthologies have covered the poetry, narrative, and essays written on the subject, but no such consideration has been given to the theatrical works written and staged since 1968. Jeanette Malkin's theory on memory-theatre, Pierre Nora's "lieux de mémoire," and Michel Foucault's concept of countermemories all shed light on how these dramatic works function in a changing Mexico, now moving toward authentic democracy and ready to revive a segment of history suppressed and distorted but never forgotten. Of the many plays commemorating the events of 1968, four that focus on the process of memory are analyzed in this essay. Because of the slow democratization of Mexico, the growing maturity of former participants and witnesses, and the postmodern craving for testimony, the repressed memories of Tlatelolco have not faded into oblivion but continue to inspire the dramatic imagination.


During my first year in Australia working on contemporary Australian historical fiction, I often questioned the validity of my work and whether, as a Brazilian, I was appropriating a field of knowledge that did not belong to me. In order to ground my work in and about Australia, I wanted to understand my area of study more thoroughly. So began my work to define what exactly Australian studies is, which is the topic of this article. I will begin with a brief chronology of the development of Australian studies and its search for theory, and will then move to a discussion of the so-called 'discipline wars' between Australian studies and Australian cultural studies. Finally, in an attempt to bring a new perspective to this debate, I will introduce cultural history to the 'battlefield'. Every possible answer to my central question in turn generates a wide debate. Defined simply, Australian studies is the field of expertise that uses Australia as its object of analysis. As naive as this definition may be, its accountability is still problematic: it infers that, firstly, Australian studies is a homogeneous, uncontested area of knowledge and expertise; secondly, it assumes that Australia, the nation, is also homogeneous in its policies, ideologies and cultural institutions. If it is assumed that Australian studies as a body of scholarly practices is defined, in fact, as having Australia as its object of study, it is fair to say that Australian studies begins with the first Indigenous oral texts about the land, its geography and topography, its fauna and flora, and so on. For the most conservative Anglocentric readers, it would then be correct to state that the field officially starts with early explorer's accounts of their discoveries. However, neither account takes into consideration the most important component for the development of any national studies: a sense of nationalism. Definitions of nationalism cannot, of course, exist where there is no nation — or, at least, no idea of nation. The 113 years that Australia remained as a colony of the British Crown may have had moments of nationalistic discourses, as Stephen Alomes argues in A Nation At Last?; however, it was only after federation that nationalism on a broad scale could be developed in Australia. Much of what would eventually become Australian studies had its origin in the interwar years, when its main subject was 'the interpretive problems of place, culture and social practice'. From the very start, the discipline was anything but homogeneous. James Walter uses the example of W K Hancock's Australia (1930) to illustrate the interdisciplinary nature of the area from its beginning; the book is:


Previous studies on the dissolution of zinc oxide have concentrated on the effects of temperature, reagent concentration, particle size and agitation rate, among other factors. However, there is dearth data on the effect of a combination of product concentration and pH on leaching rates. This work examines the effects of the concentration of pH and zinc ions on the dissolution kinetics of zinc oxide. The results showed that the rate of zinc dissolution was greatest at lower pHs. This is because at lower pH, the concentration of acid (H ions) is also expected to be high (pH = log10[H]), thus increasing the reaction kinetics in accordance with the kinetic molecular theory. The rate of reaction was found to increase with an increase in the concentration of zinc ions (Zn), which is in contrast to established theories. This observation can be explained by the fact that since heat energy produced (via an exothermic reaction) was continuously being dissipated through a constant temperature water bath it favoured zinc oxide dissolution. Zinc oxide ore at 62.5% purity a lso comprised of other metal oxides (e.g., iron, copper, manganese, etc) which were simultaneously leached. Since the solution was recycled, the concentration of iron, for example, could have also increased. Since zinc is more reactive than iron, two reaction mechanisms could have possibly been occurring at the same time, i.e., the dissolution of zinc oxide ore by sulfuric acid and the displacement of iron in solution by zinc in zinc oxide forming iron hydroxide.


Tritiated waste is called as such because tritium is the main radionuclide contained in this waste which is generally produced by nuclear research, fusion facilities and small producers, e.g. hospitals, research centers and industries. The management of this type of waste can be improved by using techniques that reduce the tritium activity and outgassing levels. Several options are possible depending on the waste form and the amount of tritium: temporary storage for tritium decay up to 50 years, thermal treatment such as incineration and melting, and high-integrity containers for conditioning, either considered alone or in combination with one of the other options. This paper compares a number of waste management parameters with respect to tritiated waste: the environmental impact of tritium releases, secondary waste management, volume reduction of the waste for final disposal, and the waste activity after treatment, not to mention the related safety issues, the performance of the techniques used in each option, and economic aspects. The results of this comparative work are given in this paper, with the advantages and drawbacks of each option discussed in detail.


Objectives: The goal of the present study is to investigate the status of alexithymia and social support among ICU nurses,and to investigate the correlation between the alexithymia and social support of ICU nurses. Methods: From June to November 2016,400 ICU nurses were sampled from 7 general hospitals in Changchun with convenient sampling method, there were 375 valid questionnaires. The efficiency was 93.75%. The questionnaire includes the self-designed general situation questionnaire,Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Results: 1. The total score of the alexithymia of ICU nurses was 55.07± 7.85,and the mean score of alexithymia was 2.75±0.39. 2. The total score of social support of ICU nurses was 37.14± 6.75,and the mean score of social support was 2.86±0.52. 3. The total score of the alexithymia was negatively correlated with the subjective support,objective support,supportive utilization and the total score of social support(P Conclusions: 1. ICU nurses generally have a certain degree of empathy, and at a moderate level. The job title,working years,with or without children, marital status were the factors that affect the ICU nurses9 alexithymia. 2. The social support of ICU nurses was at the middle level. Gender,age, job title,working years,with or without children and marital status were the factors affecting the social support of ICU nurses. 3. The alexithymia of ICU nurses was negatively correlated with the subjective support.


Home advantage (HA) is heavily researched in sports science, but the vast majority of prior studies have analyzed men's sports. Very few have either analyzed women's sports competitions or compared HA results between men's and women's sports. Our aim in this paper was to show the importance of socio-cultural variables in calculating HA for women's sports. The HA gender gap (HAGG) may be linked in part to such socio-cultural predictors as gender equality, cultural globalization that may modulate competitive behaviour in women's sports and changes in  the observed HA rates. We seek to advance a new proposed framework for calculating HA in women's sport and/or comparing HA across women's and men's sports.


Most people of working age groups globally around are affected by diabetic retinopathy, which is the most common cause of preventable vision impairment. Recent studies have improved our comprehension of the need for more effective and affordable methods of identifying, managing, diagnosing, and treating retinal disease in clinical eye care practice. The development of computer-aided diagnosis tools must consider the significance of diabetic retinopathy screening programmes and the challenge of obtaining a valid early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy at an affordable price. Retinal image analysis using computer-aided disease diagnosis may make it easier to screen the population for diabetes mellitus on a mass scale and may also assist physicians to make better use of their time. The creation of image processing models using big data analysis may run into many technical challenges, including the visualization analysis needed by image processing technologies, the semantic expression, and storage of large image samples, the complexity of the algorithms needed for feature extraction, recognition, and prediction analysis using big data, as well as the time and memory requirements.


e17056 Background: To evaluate the influence of marital status, socioeconomic status, and race on the survival of ovarian cancer patients. Methods: Data were obtained from the SEER database from 2010 to 2015. Analyses were performed with Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Of 19,772 patients with ovarian cancer (median age: 60), 82.8%, 7.1%, 9.4%, and 0.7% were White, Black, Asian, and Native American, respectively. 54.5%, 21.7%, 11.5%, and 12.3% were married, single, divorced, and widowed. Married patients were older than single patients but younger than divorced and widowed patients (59 vs. 54 vs. 61 vs. 75 years; p < 0.001). 55.5%, 30.7%, 64.1%, and 38.8% of White, Black, Asian, and Native American patients were married (p < 0.001). 90.6% of married patients were insured compared to 71.8% single, 78% divorced, and 86.1% widowed (p < 0.001). Patients who were married presented at earlier clinical stages (I-II) and lower tumor grades (I-II) compared to widowed and divorced patients (p < 0.001). Married patients were more likely to receive chemotherapy compared to single, divorced, and widowed patients (79.1% vs. 71.3% vs. 76.7% vs. 67.6%; p < 0.001). The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) of the overall group was 60.1%. Married patients had similar DSS compared to single patients at 62.3% vs. 65.0%, but improved survival vs 53.7% divorced and 46.6% widowed (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, patients with stage II-IV or grade III-IV disease, older age (HR: 1.002, 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.003, p < 0.01), Medicaid (HR:1.16, 95% CI: 1.11-1.22 p < 0.0001) or no insurance (HR:1.20, 95% CI: 1.11-1.30, p < 0.0001) had worse prognosis. Married patients had improved survival relative to widowed patients (widowed HR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03-1.14; p < 0.01). Race did not influence DSS when controlling for surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Conclusions: Married patients were younger, had less advanced diseases relative to divorced and widowed patients, and were more likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy compared to unmarried patients. Marital status is an independent predictor for survival relative to widowed status. DSS among races was not significant.


The beginning of dementia can be generally credited to Alzheimer's illness (AD). The reformist idea of AD grounds the synapse crumbling that significantly prompts actual reliance and mental incapacity which upsets an individual's ordinary life. A Personal Computer helped symptomatic framework is very much predominant in assisting doctors in identifying AD continuously. In this undertaking we proposed a methodology for execution investigation of Alzheimer's stage detection framework and characterization framework dependent on deep features utilizing a pre-prepared Deep Learning Neural Network (DNN). The performance of classifier in the Deep Learning networks is principal and influence the overall performance of the system. The performance of Rectified Linear Activation Function (ReLU), Soft Max and Support Vector Machines (SVM) are evaluated in the proposed system.


Summary.

Acetylcholine destruction was studied in the normal and the denervated parotid and submaxillary gland of cat. The parotid gland was pre- and postganglionically, the submaxillary gland preganglionically denervated. In the same cats the sensitization to acetylcholine brought about by the denervations was studied.

The preganglionic denervations were found to cause a decrease by 30 per cent in the total amount of enzyme in the glands. The postganglionic denervation caused a decrease in total amount by about 60 per cent.

The possible role of these reductions in enzyme activity for the mechanism of the sensitization to acetylcholine is discussed.


Implicit attitudes are automatic, unconscious preferences that do not require explicit introspection to be measured (Fazio et al., 1986; Greenwald & Banaji, 1995; Nosek et al., 2005). They may either be below conscious abilities to retrieve, similar to a forgotten memory, or be in some way undesirable for an individual to want to share openly, such as socially unacceptable views or contradictions to one's schemas or publicly-shared beliefs (Greenwald & Banaji, 1995; Nosek et al., 2007a). Nosek and colleagues (2007a) further stated that retrieval of implicit attitudes does not require conscious reflection but can be achieved without deliberate intention. Explicit attitudes, on the other hand, are those beliefs of which we are both consciously aware and willing to share with others. Commonly measured through self-report, these are attitudes which we propose to hold as true and find socially allowable for others to know. Because implicit and explicit attitudes may not always align, it is important to explore implicit attitudes to uncover more genuine assessments of preferences. Further, examining the underlying differences between explicit and implicit reporting provides useful information on which factors contribute to this discrepancy. Evidence exists of both convergent and discriminant validity between implicit and explicit attitudes (Nosek & Smyth, 2007). Research has not only shown that explicit attitudes do not fully predict or explain implicit attitudes, but also that other factors--such as social desirability, self-preservation, and affect--may be involved in explaining explicit and implicit attitudes as related but distinct constructs (Cherry et al., 2015; Nosek et al., 2007b). The Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald et al., 1998) has become a commonly used method of measuring an individual's implicit preferences based on their association of a category (e.g., black people, obese people) with a judgment (e.g., bad, lazy) toward numerous topics spanning social, political, and personal realms. In a computerized task, individuals are asked to sort words or images into the appropriate category on the screen by using corresponding keystrokes that match the displayed location of the category. The categories are presented paired with another category in blocks of congruent and incongruent pairings (e.g., normal weight/obese body images and positive/negative words would congruently be paired as normal weight images with good words and obese images with bad words, and incongruently paired with the weight categories switched). The difference in the reaction time and accuracy at which an individual responds on congruent and incongruent blocks is calculated into a relative preference score, which is thought to operationalize implicit attitudes toward the category, object, or peoples covered in that test. The basis of this logic is that strongly associated words will be more quickly categorized (as shown through reaction times) when they are congruently paired (e.g., share the same response key) as opposed to when they are incongruently paired (Coates & Campbell, 2010). IATs have been used extensively in research to measure implicit attitudes on gender roles, political alignments, sexual orientations, weight, race, disability biases and stigma, and other topics (e.g., Greenwald et al., 1998; Greenwald & Nosek, 2001; Hummert et al., 2002; Wang et al., 2004). Age-related IATs allow one to ascertain implicit judgments towards young and old adults and to compare these ratings with explicit agerelated measures (e.g., Greenwald et al., 2003; Nosek et al., 2002). Research using age IATs has shown a general implicit preference for young over old, with varying levels of association with explicit measures of ageism and old age beliefs (Greenwald et al., 2003; Hummert et al., 2002; Mingzheng, 2005; Nosek et al., 2002; Nosek et al., 2007a). Specifically, findings demonstrate that both old and young participants, male and female, across ethnicities measured, tend to show a negative implicit attitude towards the old, that is, a preference favoring the young (Levy & Banaji, 2002; Nosek et al. …


The maternal complications associated with 1,000 consecutive obstetric epidurals are described. Although the analgesia provided was very satisfactory, complications were common. A dural puncture rate of 1·7 per cent resulted' in 13 patients suffering from "spinal headache". Blood vessel puncture occurred in 45 patients, while the presence of unblocked segments and unilateral block was troublesome. There were no serious sequelae, but it is suggested that the provision of an epidural service for women in labour requires the immediate availability of an experienced anaesthetist to attend the labour ward.


Introduction The Prophet's Call The Qur'an on God, Humanity and Itself The Community Takes Shape The Community Consolidates The Qur'an in Muslim Life and Practice.


are commutative, where lA is the identity map and ® is ®K' (Note: A= (Ai Ii=O, 1,2, ... and each Ai is a K-module.}) In the above case, if AoK as K-modules then the algebra A is said to be connected. For a connected algebra A there exists a morphism of K-modules eA: A~K such that eA(a)=a if aEAo (i.e., aEK) eA(a)=O if aEt:A o. Therefore, a connected algebra is an augmented algebra (p.180 of [5J). Sometimes, the morphism 9> A is called the multiplication of A, and 1)A is called the unit of A. With the above commutative ring K, we can define coalgebras over K which are the dual concept for the algebras. A coalgebra (A, LlAl eA) over K is a graded K-module A together with morphisms of graded K·modules LlA:A~A®A and eA:A---+K such that the diagrams AA "A0A AA A~Ar A A@A. AA1 I .~-A 1;_.. AA t&> lA '.31'1 IA@A.. + A@A oA(8)A@A K A


In this paper, it is shown that for every lattice $\Gamma \subset PSL_2(\mathbb{R})$ there exists a $c>0$ such that for any $0 \leq \gamma<c$ the sequence $p h(n^{1+\gamma})$ equidistributes for any $p \in \Gamma \backslash PSL_2(\mathbb{R})$, where $h$ is the horocycle flow. This makes modest progress towards a conjecture of Shah and generalizes a result of Venkatesh (arXiv:math/0506224), who established the same equidistribution for co-compact lattices. The proof utilizes a dichotomy between good equidistribution estimates and approximability of $\{p h(t), t \leq T \}$ by closed horocycles of small period.


The invention provides a battery installing device which is used for carrying a battery. The battery installing device comprises a battery compartment and a button, wherein a battery jar and a slotted hole are formed in the battery compartment; the slotted hole is communicated with the battery jar; a battery is located in the battery jar and is clamped on the battery compartment; the button is rotationally arranged on the battery compartment; the button comprises an ejection arm and a pressing part, which are oppositely fixed; the ejection arm is located in the battery jar; the pressing part passes through the slotted hole and is exposed on the battery compartment; when the battery is installed in the battery jar, the battery is located on the ejection arm; and if the pressing part is pressed, the ejection arm rotates oppositely to the battery compartment to eject the battery out of the battery jar. According to the battery installing device provided by the invention, the battery is located in the battery jar and is clamped on the battery compartment, so that the battery is effectively prevented from carelessly falling out of the battery compartment; and the battery is ejected through the button, so that the battery is convenient to take out.


We present an AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor(HEMT) device with both field plate(FP) and lowdensity drain(LDD). The LDD is realized by the injection of negatively charged fluorine(F-) ions under low power in the space between the gate and the drain electrodes. With a small-size FP and a LDD length equal to only 31% of the gate-drain spacing, the device effectively modifies the electric field distribution and achieves a breakdown voltage enhancement up to two times when compared with a device with only FP.


Minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has gained widespread interest as an alternative to conventional open liver surgery (OLS). However, long-term survival benefits of this approach seem unclear. This meta- analysis was conducted to investigate long-term survival following MILS.

 A systematic review was performed to identify studies comparing long-term survival after MILS and OLS until January 2020. The I2 test was used to test for statistical heterogeneity and publication bias was assessed using Egger test. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for all-cause 5-year (main outcome) and 3-year mortality, and disease-specific 5-year and 3-year mortality. Meta-regression was performed for the 5-year and 3-year survival outcomes with adjustment for study factors (region, design), annual center volume, patient factors (ASA grade, gender, age, BMI, cirrhosis, tumor size and number), and resection extent. Sensitivity analyses were performed on studies by study year, region, annual centre volume, resection type.

 The review identified 50 relevant studies including 13,731 patients undergoing liver resection for HCC of which 4,071 (25.8%) underwent MILS. Pooled analysis revealed similar all-cause (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70 - 1.11, p = 0.3) and disease-specific (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.80 - 1.09, p = 0.4) 5-year mortality after MILS compared with OLS. Sensitivity analysis of published studies from 2010 to 2019 demonstrated a significantly lower disease-specific 3-year mortality (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59 - 0.96, p = 0.022) and all cause 5-year mortality (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50 - 0.81, p = 0.002). Meta- regression identified no confounding factors in all analyses.

 Improvement in MILS techniques over the past decade appears to demonstrate superior disease-specific mortality with MILS compared to OLS. Therefore, MILS can be recommended as a standard surgical approach for HCC.


Based on the design of an Air-pressure control circuitry with a three-coordinate pneumatic manipulator, the paper introduce how to use pneumatic logical elements to make the design of pneumatic control circuitry easy and clear when design a sequential control circuitry with several cylinders.


This article analyses the recent EU-China Joint Customs Cooperation Committee's Decision calling for the mutual recognition of authorised economic operators (AEOs). The success of mutual recognition agreements depends much on a common understanding of the objectives of an AEO scheme; thus, this article traces the development of the AEO concept as a risk management and trade facilitation tool. It is argued that, for mutual recognition agreements in world customs law, an entirely risk-based approach without some rule-based prescription is susceptible to uncertainty. A risk-based approach to regulation should not however ignore the international/transnational political challenges. The article will further explore some of the practical challenges for mutual recognition between China and EU.


The Google Trends1 search analysis service and the Telegram2 messaging platform are investigated to determine their respective relationships to cryptocurrency price behaviour. It is shown that, in contrast to earlier findings, the relationship between cryptocurrency price movements and internet search volumes obtained from Google Trends is no longer consistently positive, with strong negative correlations detected for Bitcoin and Ethereum during June 2018. Sentiment extracted from cryptocurrency investment groups on Telegram is found to be positively correlated to Bitcoin and Ethereum price movements, particularly during periods of elevated volatility. The number of messages posted on a Bitcoin-themed Telegram group is found to be an indicator of Bitcoin price action in the subsequent week. A long shortterm memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network is developed to predict the direction of cryptocurrency prices using data obtained from Google Trends and Telegram. It is shown that Telegram data is a better predictor of the direction of the Bitcoin market than Google Trends. The converse is true for Ethereum. The LSTM model produces the most accurate results when predicting price movements over a one-week period.


Finding di erences between two processes can be a complex, time consuming, and expensive task. Our work is based on the di erence graph approach which calculates the di erences between two process models and if available their instances. In this paper we evaluate di erent possibilities for visualizing these di erences. For this purpose we have selected some common visual properties such as color, shape, and size and evaluated these di erent visualizations with 31 participants through an online survey. Our results show that color coding and symbols were the preferred methods of the participants for depicting di erences in a graph visualization.


areusedbysomeelectric utilities totransport coal fromstrip mining operations directly totheir powerplants. Thecoal isusedasfuel intheir furnaces togenerate steamforthesteamturbines whichproduce theelectrical. energy forthepublic. toconsume. Someof these conveyors areseveral miles longandaremadeupofseveral individual ,conveyors operating. asanentity. Thecontrols forthese interrelated conveyors arerather sophisticated andmustfunction with minimumdowntime. Eddycurrent clutches- andbrakes haveprovided the powerofthese conveyors foranutmber ofyears andhaveproved very reliable. A problem intheoverall system hasbeenbeltslip during acceleration/deceleration andduring changes inloads. Broken belts result Inextended periods ofdown' timeandmustbekept toaminimum. A microprocessor hasbeenapplied tothecontrol system notonlyto improve belt starting conditions butalso tomonitor andcontrol theslip during running operation whichwill further improve beltfife. Italso performs monitoring functions useful instartup andmaintenance procedures. Thefeatures ofthemicroprocessor asapplied tocoal conveyor applications arediscussed, butthese areequally valid for'any conveyor installation.


The electron velocity distribution function is presented in the energy range 25 eV < E < 15 keV during a rocket flight over an active aurora. The electron measurements are compared with optical observations by all-sky cameras and a television system. The most striking feature of the velocity distribution function is a broad plateau produced by downcoming electrons. This plateau is the feature of the electron distribution function that is associated with discrete auroral forms. Plateaus either appear or broaden by extending to higher energies each time a bright form is entered. The plateaus decay by erosion of the highest-velocity portions when the rocket passes either out of an arc or into weak diffuse auroral structures. The high-velocity cutoff of the plateau also fluctuates when small field-aligned rays appear within the arcs. Kilovolt electrons were field aligned during portions of this flight, though such alignment was not as striking as that on previous flights. The field alignment is usually confined to a narrow energy band but extends over a broad range of energies during one interval. Electrons with v < 10 × 108 cm/s (E = 300 eV) are nearly isotropic in pitch angle throughout the flight. Upgoing electrons show almost no pitch angle dependence beyond 120°, and their fluxes decline smoothly as energy increases, with little or no evidence of a plateau. Preliminary results of numerical integrations to study bulk properties and stability of the plasma are presented.


This paper investigated the effect of organic compounds with ester groups on the hydration and hardening of cement. The effects of five kinds of organic compounds with ester groups (ethyl acetate, dimethyl oxalate, glyceryl triacetate, trimethyl phosphate, and triethanolamine borate) on hydration heat, hydration degree, setting time, mechanical properties, microstructure, and pore structure of hardened cement slurry were studied. The test results showed that esters can make the end time of cement hydration induction longer and delay the occurrence of the second exothermic peak. Also, the effect of five kinds of esters on the hydration and hardening of cement was basically followed by TG> TB> DMO> EAC> TMP. In terms of molecular structure, for organic compounds containing only ester groups, the higher the number of ester groups, the greater the effect on the hydration of cement. The introduction of other functional groups (such as phosphate or borate) will influence the effect of the esters.


In order to use quantum error-correcting codes to improve the performance of a quantum computer, it is necessary to be able to perform operations fault-tolerantly on encoded states. I present a theory of fault-tolerant operations on stabilizer codes based on symmetries of the code stabilizer. This allows a straightforward determination of which operations can be performed fault-tolerantly on a given code. I demonstrate that fault-tolerant universal computation is possible for any stabilizer code. I discuss a number of examples in more detail, including the five-quantum-bit code.


Recent years, the credit guarantee institutions developed rapidly and have played an increasingly significant role in solving the problem of the financing of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Along with the development, they have accumulated a great deal of risk .The credit guarantee organizations need to establish a good risk warning system and build a composite risk index system to increase the ability to resist the risks.


The 29 estimators of natural mortality (M) that have been proposed for 'information-limited' fisheries are reviewed, together with a new alternative presented here. Each is applied to 13 example populations for which well-founded estimates are available of both M and the estimators' parameters. None of the 30 can provide accurate estimates for every species, and none appears sufficiently precise for use in analytical stock assessments, while several perform so poorly as to have no practical utility. If the growth coefficient K has been reliably estimated, either M = 1.5 K or Pauly's long-established estimator can provide useful estimates of M, but they fail with species that have long adult lives after swift juvenile growth, with those that never reach their asymptotic lengths and with species that otherwise deviate from archetypal teleost life histories. If a pre-exploitation maximum observed age (Tmax) can be established, M can be estimated for both teleosts and sharks using M = 4.3/Tmax but that seriously underestimates when the effective sample size (ne) is large and overestimates with species showing pronounced senescence. The new estimator presented here addresses ne but is upset by even mild senescence. Some estimators of M-at-size, particularly ones recently advanced by Gislason et al. and Charnov et al., also show promise but require further examination. It is recommended that fisheries scientists measure M by more advanced methods whenever possible. If 'information-limited' estimators must be used, their uncertainties should be acknowledged and their errors propagated into management advice.


Objective: Rotational atherectomy (RA) and newly developed second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) support the strategy of longer stent deployment in comparison to short stent implantations in the past. However, studies analyzing the outcome of patients who received long stent implantation following RA are few in number. The present study compared the clinical outcomes of patients with the coronary arterial disease (CAD) who underwent RA with long stent implantation using first- and second-generation DES.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed at the single center from March 2003 to October 2019. Eighty-seven patients with CAD who underwent RA with ≥32 mm long stent implantation were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups according to the type of DES. As a primary endpoint, the cumulative 2-year incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including death, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization, and stent thrombosis (ST) was compared by DES type. Adjusted interaction between the type of stent and clinical variables was estimated to determine the predictor variables of MACE.Results: The second-generation DES group was associated with a shorter procedure duration and more common usage of intravascular ultrasound in procedural characteristics. In the second-generation DES group, a trend toward a lower rate of MI and ST existed. All-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were not significantly different. When combined with MACE, we could identify a significant reduction in the second-generation DES group.Conclusion: In comparison to the first-generation DES group, the second-generation DES group was associated with a lower rate of MACE for 2 years in patients who underwent RA with long stent implantation.


The results of reconstructing the distribution parameters from aerosol scattering ratios at two wavelengths of 355, 532 nm are considered from experimental data obtained at a small station of high-altitude sounding. This study is carried out with the aim of improving the measurement techniques at the Small Station of High-Altitude Sounding of the V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences).


background Self-control, as one of the most popular research topics, requires strong definition boundaries to enable generalization of the results. There are inconsistencies between researchers in the understanding of the concept, due to the fact that self-control is a complex phenomenon that involves many psychological functions and has a strong impact on human everyday performance. This research contributes to a wider scientific debate on self-control's theoretical framework by examining its relationship with Jan Strelau's theory of temperament.


The utility model discloses a quick replacing universal shaft coupler, which comprises a flange fork head A (1), a shaft coupler (2) and a flange fork head B (3). The utility model is characterized in that end surface teeth (6) in uniform distribution are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the flange fork head A (1) and the flange fork head B (3), grooves (5) in uniform distribution are arranged on the circumference of the end surfaces, and stop openings (4) are arranged on the grooves (5). The utility model has the advantages of easy dismounting, fast replacement, difficult abrasion and long service life.


Objectives To report the operative method and clinical efficacy of lumbar disk enudeation under spinal endoscopa.Methods Discectomy and lateral recess enlarged.operation via laminar interal approach under endoscope.After location and guide,it was complished by fluoroscopy, annalotomyed,discecfomyed, resected hypertrophic ligmentum.flarum and process articularis, enlarged lateral recess and decompressed nerve root under endoscope. Results Not a complication occured in all 80 operative case.The rate of excellent was 98% on average following-up for 7 months.Conclusions Using minimally injury spinal endoscope operative system to heal lumbar disc enudeation has the characters such as less injury,less instability, wide indications.fast recovery,shorter time in hospital,affirmative result.


by Beryl Gibson, R.N., Virginia McMurray, R.N., Ph.D., and Earl Maxwell, M.D. The Disease Herpes simplex keratitis is an invasion of the cornea by the herpes simplex virus-the same organism that is responsible for common fever blisters. Herpetic skin lesions are seldom of consequence, but herpetic infections of the cornea tend to become chronic' and to produce scars which result in more reduced vision than any other corneal disease in the United States." The disease begins with a painful lacrimating eye associated with an almost invisible haze of fine white spots in the corneal epithelium. Photophobia and a foreign-body sensation add to the discomfort. The minute epithelial spots eventually coalesce into branched lines of small vesicles, which then rupture, leaving a' dendritic (branched) ulcer


In this paper, we present a concept of compacting the error traces generated by pseudo-random/random simulations. The new shorter error trace not only decreases the time of the user's debugging process but also reduces the simulation time required to verify the bug fixes. Two algorithms, CET1 and CET2, are presented to perform the task of compacting the error trace. Both algorithms first use an efficient approach to eliminate the redundant states, to generate the unique states of the error trace. Then, CET1 builds the connected graph of these unique states by computing the reachable states by one cycle for each unique state, and then applies Dykstra's shortest path algorithm to find out the shortest error trace in the connected graph. Compared with CET1, CET2 computes the reachable states by one cycle for those unique states, when they are needed in Dykstra's shortest path algorithm to find the shortest error trace. After finding the shorter trace, the corresponding input/output test vectors are generated. The experimental results show that both algorithms can reduce the length of error traces dramatically for most cases using reasonable memory. For cases requiring longer CPU time to find the shortest trace, CET2 is up to 37 times faster than CET1.


I feel honoured by this volume and indebted to the contributors for their praise and their criticism. Having long avoided reflecting on my methodology, I thank Joseph Bryant for revealing it to me and then defending it. Randall Collins gives an incisive account of the substance of my model of the four sources of social power (ideological, economic, military and political) and its location amid other sociological theories. As he says, my power sources are distinct in not being abstract but embodied in real networks of people. These have emergent properties giving them some causal autonomy, though they do not amount to 'logics of development', since they are also closely entwined. I do not focus on power resources held by individuals – unlike Bourdieu's model of economic, cultural, political and social forms of power. I focus on differences between the four networks, unlike most forms of 'network theory' (e.g. mathematical modelling or Castells''network society'). The closest parallel, as Collins observes, is with the new economic sociology emphasizing networks of economic connection. As he says, the same job could be done on ideological, military and political power. I also retain my distinctions between 'collective' and 'distributive', 'intensive' and 'extensive', 'diffuse' and 'authoritative', and 'infrastructural' and 'despotic' power, and I use them below. I reject sociology's foundational notion of 'society' because the boundaries of the four power sources rarely coincide.


An increasingly important issue in the transportation sector of today is to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and also to leave the fossil fuels and make way to renewable fuels. An important possibility to make steps towards this goal is the hybrid systems. In this project two types of hybrid electrical drivelines has been designed and compared, the first one is a serial hybrid and the second is a parallel. The serial hybrid driveline has also been manufactured and mounted in a vehicle. The vehicle is called Smarter and is build at Chalmers University of Technology; it is designed to compete in Shell Eco-Marathon where it shall travel as far as possible on one liter of petrol. The serial driveline consists of a brushed DC motor for traction, a 48V supercapacitor as the primary energy source and a fuel injected 35cc four stroke engine that powers a dual generator setup that charges the supercapacitor. The two types of drivelines have been simulated together with the rest of the vehicle using Simulink. The drivelines have been compared while running through different driving situations using a self developed drivingcycle produced with Matlab. They have been compared with aspect to performance and fuel economy. The results of the simulations shows that the parallel driveline outperforms the serial one in both performance and economy due to that the parallel can run at optimal conditions more time of the drivingcycle. This is especially the case at steady state driving situations, where the petrol engine can be used to both traction the vehicle and charge the electrical energy storage. The designed serial hybrid driveline was successfully fitted to the Chalmers Eco-marathon vehicle during the Shell Eco marathon competition 2010, where it achieved a distance of 153.8km consuming one liter of petrol resulting in a fuel consumption of 0,0065 l/km, putting the team in an overall 12 place and was the best Swedish team in the Urban Concept class.