Two trends, learner-directed and adult-managed educational programs, suggest the need for objectives in educational planning and for learner involvement; neither strategy incorporaLes a procedure for student expression of objectives in behavioral terms. This paper describes an investigation of procedures by which teachers can elicit objectives from students. A programmed course was written to develop competencies related to behavioral goal-setting. Four open-school teachers from each grade-cluster (1-4, 5-8, 9-12) were randomly assigned to two groups. Each teacher interviewed and established two goals and measures with three randomly selected students. After the experimental group completed the instructional program, both groups again interviewed three randomly selected students. The goals and measures were then independently rated by two judges. A three-factor, Condition (2) X Levels (3) X Trials (2), analysis of variante revealed that only the interaction of Conditions X Trials was significant (c.05). A review of mean scores indicated that while the pretest performance of the two groups was essentially the same, the posttest performance favored the experimental group. Analysis of individual scores indicated that each experimental teacher increased the number of measurable objectives elicited by two or more over the pretest; Lhe largest gain of any control group teacher was an increase of one measurable


Design/methodology/Approach: Total 88 samples (37 from public sector and 51 from private sector, total 8 teams of different sizes) from Indian Manufacturing Organizations were gathered using TEAM (Team Effectiveness Assessment Measure). Team functioning (TF) and team empowerment (TEm) dimensions were measured on the factors like cohesion, confrontation, collaboration, task clarity, autonomy, support and accountability.


Social and political philosophy is concerned with asking philosophical questions about the different ways in which human beings live together. In particular, it focuses on the role which political institutions play in our societies. Political philosophers ask questions such as: What is the ultimate end of politics? How should we decide between different forms of government? Is there one single end that all governments should pursue such as justice or equality or should governments be only concerned with protecting the freedom of everyone to live as they please? To what extent may society limit the freedom of individuals? Is it ever justified to resist the state?


A high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of sulfonamides residues in eggs was established.And effect of sulfonamides residues in eggs during the processes of boiling was also investigated.Methods:The egg samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and purified from fats with n-hexane,then determined by HPLC.Results:Recoveries of six sulfonamides were 78.8%~103.0% and the relative standard deviation(RSD) was less than 8.5%.With the processing temperature and time increasing,sulfonamides obviously decrease in eggs.Conclusion:HPLC is a simple method of high sensitivity for determination of sulfonamides residues.And the stability of sulfonamides is influenced by the processing temperatures and times.


In the realm of bridge construction, Reinforced Concrete (RCC) girders stand as critical structural components, bearing the weight of the bridge deck while efficiently channelling diverse loads to the substructure. Renowned for their resilience, extended service life, and cost-effectiveness in bridge engineering, these girders form the cornerstone of our comprehensive investigation. Our study revolves around the meticulous development of three-dimensional finite element models for simply supported girders, embracing different cross-sectional shapes (Rectangular, T-section, and I-sections) within the ANSYS software platform. These meticulously designed models harness both solid and shell elements available in the ANSYS library. Our analysis encompasses a spectrum of concrete grades and diverse loading scenarios, all while maintaining a uniform temperature. Through a meticulous exploration of physical behaviours, including stress, strain, and deformation, we engage in a rigorous comparative assessment of these distinct models.


Syllable Circles are interactive visualizations representing prominence as a feature in short phrases or multi-syllable words. They were designed for computer-aided pronunciation teaching. This study explores whether and how interactive visualizations can affect language learners' awareness of prominence, or stress, in English pronunciation. The study followed seven learners and three teachers. Think-aloud protocols, notes from direct observation, and interviews allowed for six streams of data. It was found that interactive visualizations of Syllable Circles facilitate learners' noticing of prominence. Learners and teachers believed interactive visualizations were a useful means for presenting prominence and other suprasegmental features, and would be valuable learning and teaching resources


The main atmosphere pollution components on branches of public economy of Central Black Belt region are given. The level of influence of biggest enterprises of various branches of industry on ecological condition of atmosphere is considered.


The aim of this paper is re-examine Card's proximity to college Instrumental Variable estimates of the returns to schooling by using a Gini-based regression. The Gini based regression is similar in its structure to the OLS, except that variability and hence covariances and correlations are measured according to city-block rather than the Euclidean metric. It is shown that while some estimates remain un-affected, others tend to change rather dramatically. Using absolute concentration curves enables us to trace some of the sensitivity to non-linearity of the returns to schooling.


In this study, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), combined with Triple Quadruple mass Spectrometry (QQQ) were developed and applied in the analysis of 16 phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in the common drinking water. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were carried out by Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM). The method, combined with Solid Phase Extraction, was established to detect the PAEs in drinking water. As showed by the results, 16 PAEs had a good linearity in the range of 1.14~101.4μg/L, with correlation coefficient between 0.996~0.999. The mean recoveries were in the range of 87.53~131.37%, with the relative standard deviation be 0.71~5.09%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of 16 PAEs were between 1.14~32.51μg/L, with the limit of detection (LOD) be 0.34~10.67μg/L. There were five PAEs which were detected in the range of <1.7~17.2μg/L in bottled water. Some products have some PAEs which havent been shown in the national or the international standard of the drinking water.


HAY FEVER AND PAROXYSMAL SNEEZING: THETR ETIOLOGY AND TREATME ; with an Appendix on Rose-Cold. By MORELL MArwzix, M[D. Lond. Fourth Edition. London: J. and A. Churchill. 1887. Tats esay, which was first published three years ago as a lecture reprint from the columns of the JOURNAL, has followed the law of svolution of succesful pamphlets, and the fourth edition now appears as a fair-sized volume. A new section on "Paroxysmal Sneezing" has been added, and much more space is given to treatment than in the former editions Since the little work first saw the light there has been much literary activity in the field which it covers; the old simple faith in pollen as the " be-all and end-all" of hay fever has been rudely shaken by the revolutionary doctrines of Hack and his followers, which give to the nose a previously unsuspected importance as a centre-almost volcanic in its way-of perverted nervous energy. Dr. Mackenzie bates no jot of his faith in pollen and its chief prophet, Blackley, and his views on the etiology of the disease have already, therefore, a mild flavour of conservatism about them. It must be allowed, however, that he defends his position with much skill, and his argument is presented in a clear and easy style that must make it pleasant reading even to those whom it fails to convince. In dealing with treatment Dr. Mackenzie speaks with the authority naturally derived from his extensive experience, and we are glad to see that he takes a much more cheerful view than he formerly did of the power of medical art to cope with this annoying infirmity. Cacaine naturally holds the first place in the treatment ot a complaiDt which chiefly displays itself in an exalted sensibility of the coDjunctival and Schneiderian membranes; it can be conveniently applied to the eyes and nose in the form of spray, a strength of 4 or 6 per cent. being sufficient for the former, and one of 10 per cent. for the latter. Dr. Mackenzie recommends the daily introduction of nasal bougies as tending to dull the over-sensitiveness of the mucous membrane; and if there is any hypertrophy of the tissue covering the turbinated bones, this should be destroyed by electric cautery, an operation which can be rendered quite painless by the previous application of ncauine. Patients of nervous temperament should be prepared for the hay-season by graduated dose of valerianate of zinc and assafoitida, and when the disease has declared itself Dr. Mackenzie finds small doses of opium beneficial. The treatment of paroxysmal sneezing should be conducted on the same lines, with, perhaps, a freer use of surgical measures, as the complaint is more often dependent on actual structural di6ease than hay fever. In spite of its comparatively small size, Dr. Mackenzie's book is, in its present form, a complete monograph on this curious neurosis, embodying as it does not only a full account of the disease and its treatment, but a careful digest of the whole literature of the subject. There is no trace of the one-sidedness that makes so much of the work of specialists useless, or even misleading, to the general practitioner. The book may be referred to with confidence for help in practical difficulty, and may be recommended as profitable reading to all interested in nasal pathology and therapeutics.


swelling of the chest and neck. Serology for syphilis was positive. Computed tomographic scan showed aneurysm of the ascending aorta and innominate artery, eroding chest wall and the neck (fi gure 1). An angiogram detected a saccular aneurysm of the ascending aorta and innominate artery (fi gure 2). The aneurysm was repaired under cardiopulmonary bypass and total circulatory arrest. IMAGES IN CARDIOTHORACIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY


One of the Prominent playwright Girish Karnad in most of his plays, meticulously presents the ordeal of a typical Indian female, dominated and exploited by the patriarchal society while the spirit of the caged women strive for liberation from the chains of inequality, superstition, myth and tradition. In his play 'Nagamandala' (In Sankritwhich meansa sacred aura related to or made by naga). Karnad has dealt gender concern in his plays while exposing and criticizing the male chauvinism prevalent in patriarchal society.The author uses myths and folks in his plays to eradicate socio-cultural evils. The playwright Karnad accentuated problems of and treatment to a woman in contemporary biased patriarchal social order in his plays and exposes the prevalent double standard towards women in patriarchal society.


This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of several aspects of oral surgery. It starts with some general principles that are applicable to all types of surgery and gradually includes details of common dental procedures. There is emphasis on suturing and dento-alveolar surgery including third molar surgery. More specialized procedures such as an apicectomy and a coronectomy are also described. The aim is to provide guidance that will help with the pre-operative assessment, as well as details of the specific oral surgery techniques. Clinicians in general dental practice and dental core trainees in hospitals often encounter patients with dento-alveolar infections as well as benign soft tissue or bone pathologies. This chapter provides the foundations of management of these conditions.


This thesis analyzes the process of urbanization and its impact on the budget of the Statutory City of Pardubice. My goal is to define suburban hinterland by characteristic of period 2000-2009 using. My thesis is based on the definition of urbanization and to determine the causes and factors that affect it. In the second part are selected municipalities, which are parts of suburban hinterland of Pardubice. The result is to determine the impact of suburbanization on the budgets of the Statutory City of Pardubice and selected suburban municipalities.


This study aims to determine the students' ability in writing speech texts based on their structure, aspects of spelling and punctuation, the accuracy of the choice of diction, the effectiveness of the sentences written by these students, and to determine students' abilities in deciphering the text of speech as a whole. This study was conducted in class. XI IPS Madrasah Aliah Mamba'ul Ulum Jambi City. Using a descriptive approach. While this type of research uses qualitative research. The techniques used to collect data in this study are: Test techniques, questionnaires and documentation techniques. This research procedure has several stages, namely the orientation stage, the exploration stage, and the checking stage. The ability of this research students in writing speech texts based on the aspect of the structure of the text students are classified as capable, based on the aspects of spelling and punctuation it can be concluded that the students are less able to use correct spelling and punctuation, based on the diction aspect, it can be concluded that the students are classified as capable, based on the aspect of sentence effectiveness, it can be concluded quite capable, and all students are quite capable in writing speech texts.


AIM:To investigate the effects of Sijunzitang and its demolition party drug serum on the proliferation and invasiveness of the side population(SP) of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901.METHODS:Sijunzitang and its demolition party rabbit serum drug were made;the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 SP cells were sorted out by flow cytometry technique;the effects of Sijunzitang and its demolition party drug serum on the vitro proliferation of the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 SP cells and non side popution(NSP) cells by tablet cloning experiment were observed;the effects of Sijunzitang and its demolition party drug serum on the invasiveness of the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 SP and NSP cells by Transwellexperiment were observed;the difference of SP and NSP cells were compared after drug intervention.The interference abilities of Sijunzitang and its demolition party on SP and NSP cells were compared.RESULTS:The percentage of side group in gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 was(2.68±0.58)%.The vitro proliferation and invasiveness abilities of Gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 SP cells and NSP cells were inhibited in Sijunzitang and its demolition party drug serum(P 0.05);there was difference between SP and NSP under the same condition(P0.05);Sijunzitang inhibitory effect was stronger than its demolition party(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell lines can be successfully sorted out of SP cells;the vitro proliferation and invasiveness of the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 SP cells can be suppressed with Sijunzitang and its demolition party drug serum;after the intervention of drug serum,SP cells proliferation and invasiveness ability is stronger than the NSP cells.Sijunzitang inhibitory effect is stronger than its demolition party on SP and NSP cells.


This paper illustrates an athermal mounting for a Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) optic in an AlBeMet housing for use at cryogenic temperatures. The GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) instrument beamsplitter utilizes this design and the difficulty is the significant delta in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the housing and the optic. The high discrepancy in CTE is exacerbated by a large thermal range from an ambient assembly to cryogenic operational temperature. The assembly utilizes CTE matched clips bonded to the optic using a well controlled bondline. The clips are attached to an optimized spacer of a high CTE material that is used to reduce the CTE mismatch. The spacers are coupled to a four flexure design that is symmetric in both axes. The net effect reduces the apparent CTE between the optic and the housing in a space constrained mounting. The flexures allow the final small amount of expansion room that the assembly requires as it goes over a large temperature swing. This design was qualified through extensive thermal cycling and vibration testing, and exhibited performance acceptable for production.


Dear Editor,  Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common blood cancer in the United States, is a neoplasm of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells that depend on the bone marrow (BM) for growth and survival. Quintessential disease manifestations include a serum M-spike (paraprotein), osteolytic lesions, hypercalcemia, anemia and kidney damage. Owing to targeted myeloma drugs, newly developed immunotherapies and the refinement of therapeutic regimens that combine high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplants, the outcome of MM has significantly improved in recent years. Nonetheless, after a period of successful therapy, the great majority of patients relapse with drug-resistant disease that leaves few therapeutic options. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the mechanism with which the BM microenvironment (BMM) supports myeloma, little attention has been paid to an integral yet understudied player in the tumor microenvironment (TME): the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Autonomic nerves, which can be divided into an adrenergic "fight-orflight" sympathetic branch and a cholinergic "rest-anddigest" parasympathetic branch, interact with the BMM. In the past the ANS has been perceived as a passive bystander in myeloma and related blood cancers, yet increasing evidence reviewed in greater depth elsewhere implicates autonomic nervous input – particularly from the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) – in the natural history and outcome of myeloma. Here, we summarize findings on the role of the SNS in MM and point to knowledge gaps that may afford exciting opportunities for international research collaboration with myeloma and blood cancer centers in China.


Although food security projects have always included capacity building activities, there is not enough monitoring, evaluation, and documentation of these activities to generate lessons learned and best practices. The USAID Office of Food for Peace's new strategic plan for 2004-08 will give a higher priority to capacity building activities within projects, providing an incentive for cooperating sponsors to more systematically conduct, monitor and evaluate capacity building activities within their projects.


Legal act on land and building rights acquisition must have AJB made by and before PPAT who has the authority to organize land and building transact. Based on Article 91, paragraphs 1 and 3 of Law on PDRD, a PPAT can only sign Transact Certificate after a taxpayer submits the evidence of tax payment. Otherwise, a sanction will be imposed upon him, based on Article 93, paragraphs 1 and 3 juncto Article 11, paragraphs 1 and 3 of Perda  of Samosir Regency Number. 9/2011 on BPHTB. PPAT has to be liable for supervising BPHTB tax payment. the sanction when he fails to do his job in supervising of BPHTB tax payment in Samosir Regency varies. However, in Law Number. 28/2009 on PDRD juncto Perda of Samosir Regency Number. 9/2011 on BPHTB does not strictly regulate legal procedure on the sanction Keywords: Role of PPAT, BPHTB Tax, Land Transaction


ABSTRACT Certain equivalence relationships between different problems occurring in diffraction theory are established. The method used is essentially Schwarz's principle of analytic continuation by reflexion across a straight boundary. An explicit solution is also obtained by this method for a plane wave normally incident on a T-shaped structure.


Between May and July, 1983, 22 cases of infectious diarrhoea due to Cryptosporidium sp. were found at the National Children's Hospital, San Jose, Costa Rica. In four of these 22 cases, a positive culture for Campylobacter was also found.


to physics. The reader expects the book to show the transformations of power into its various forms as physics shows the transformation of energy into its various forms, but his expectations are disappointed. Instead of a &dquo;new analysis&dquo; he gets a restatement of the familiar, with the stark lucidity of style, the two-dimensional logic, and the nonchalant substitutions of wisecracks for correctness and phrase for fairness, which he has learned, reluctantly,


Middle Cambrian to Middle Ordovician sedimentary and igneous rocks comprise three separate structural slices and two distinct melange zones within the southern part of the Humber Arm Allochthon at Fox Island River, western Newfoundland. These overlie a Cambro-Ordovician platformal carbonate sequence in a stratigraphic-structural succession as follows: -- a) autochthonous Lower Cambrian to Middle Ordovician carbonate sequence, with a prominent Middle Ordovician carbonate breccia and shale unit at its top; -- b) autochthonous Middle Ordovician clastic flysch unit; -- c) Basal Melange, consisting of sedimentary blocks in a shaly matrix; -- d) allochthonous Middle Cambrian to Middle Ordovician sediments and structurally associated mafic volcanics which collectively comprise the lowermost slices of the Humber Arm Allochthon; -- e) Medial Melange, consisting of sedimentary, volcanic and gabbroic blocks in a shaly and tuffaceous matrix; -- f) allochthonous Lower Ordovician and older mafic volcanics which form a small medial slice; -- g) allochthonous Upper Cambrian ophiolitic rocks which form the uppermost slice of the allochthon. -- These rocks are covered by Carboniferous sediments and Pleistocene glacial deposits. -- The structural succession is interpreted according to the model of a stable Atlantic-type continental margin destroyed by ophiolite obduction and westerly transport of rock units during the Taconic Orogeny. A three-part history of obduction, uplift and final gravity-sliding is recognized. The components and age of easterly-derived flysch units and the melange zones suggests that during emplacement, the uppermost volcanic and ophiolitic slices began final westward gravity-sliding first, but that the lowermost sedimentary slice assemblage was detached soon thereafter and was first to arrive in the map-area. -- Pre-emplacement deformation consists of metamorphic tectonism within and fragmentation at the base of the ophiolitic slice. Emplacement-related deformation consists of phacoidal melange cleavages and west-facing and verging recumbent folds, which diminish in extent and intensity away from the base of the allochthon. Cleavage in the matrix of the Basal Melange and folds in the uppermost autochthon are shown to be geometrically related. Devonian upright folds which are strongly developed throughout the autochthon, diminish upwards to mild warps in the ophiolitic slice. Post-Carboniferous high-angle faults offset each of the Paleozoic rock units. -- An isolated carbonate sliver at Fox Island River is interpreted as a post-emplacement thrust klippe, though it may be part of the assembled allochthon, incorporated during latest emplacement. -- Volcanic rocks of the allochthon are subalkaline and tholeiitic, and are interpreted as seamounts which grew at or near an ancient continental margin. They were displaced during earliest ophiolite obduction. The volcanic rocks correlate lithologicaliy and structurally with the Skinner Cove Formation of western Newfoundland, although there are significant chemical variations between the rock groups.


Since the reform of public security system, the criminal squad with a responsibility district has been normalized and graded, and the basic work in local police station has also been strengthened. But the criminal squad with a responsibility district and the local police station do not have a strong consciousness as a whole, unable to tale the advantage of one another. Based upon recognizing the importance of the coordination between the squad and local police station, we will set up and improve a more operational and effective cooidinative mechanism between them.


In the textile sector, the utilization of synthetic dyes is environmentally unfriendly and has a very harmful impact on human health and the environment. Hence, natural dye is assumed to be a suitable alternative for sustainable textile manufacturing and colouration, but it remains challenging to prepare the dyes having high stability with textile fablric. Herein we have demonstrated the dyeing process for cotton fabric with natural dye extractions from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and tea (Camellia sinensis) in the presence of mordant. Subsequently, we have prepared copper and 2-methyl 8-hydroxyquinoline functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (CHG) trinary-composite as mordant to improve the stability and colour strength of naturally extracted dyes. The prepared trinary-composite was investigated using various techniques such as FTIR, XRD, UV, and TGA analysis. To evaluate the effect of CHG composite, it mixed with natural extracted dyes such as turmeric and tea dyes, converted to CHG functionalized turmeric and tea dyes (TuCHG and TeCHG) for the dyeing of cotton fabric. TuCHG and TeCHG dyed cotton fabrics exhibited superior colourfastness, wash fastness and rub fastness in comparison to only turmeric and tea dyes dyed cotton fabrics. TuCHG and TeCHG dyes also demonstrated decent antibacterial properties. The present study indicates the new aspect for prepared mordant to increase natural dye colour strength and stability. Thus, this process is a much safer, cost-effective and sustainable method for the application of natural dyes with enhanced substantively for cotton fabric.


This article considers the first collection of black poems Motivos de son (1930), by the Cuban writer Nicolas Guillen, as a type of ethnographic literature that overcomes some of the formal and methodological problems in other representations of the subaltern in Latin American literature. The analysis includes comparisons between Motivos de son and the traditional approach in Latin American testimonio, mainly with reference to Cimarron, by the Cuban writer Miguel Barnet, and Me llamo Rigoberta Menchu y asi me nacio la conciencia, by the Venezuelan author Elizabeth Burgos. It is shown that Motivos de son is an innovative work for its time and comes close in some aspects to the approaches to representing the other put forward by theorists from the so-called post-modern ethnography, such as James Clifford. The analysis also mobilizes Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of literary polyphony in order to account for the polyphonic nature of the collection and its uniqueness and importance in Guillen's poetic oeuvre.


Franchising as a business technology is not widely represented and in demand in the Russian business environment. But at the same time, the key advantages of franchising, while stabilizing the overall political and economic situation, make it possible to activate business activity in this business format. Moreover, the consumer services sector is the most dynamically developing segment of the service market, since the growth of the welfare of the population (projected in the medium term) and the growth of the quality of life will stimulate demand primarily in the service sector. However, in order for franchising, as an optimal business technology, to be developed in the Russian consumer services sector, the services provided by copyright holders to their franchisees must be characterized by an appropriate level of quality and sufficient efficiency. It follows from this that franchising networks need to develop their own business models. The article presents a practical analysis of the activities of a franchise network in the Russian Federation, identifying problems in its model and developing proposals aimed at business development.


Functional brain networks (FBNs) provide a potential way for understanding the brain organizational patterns and diagnosing neurological diseases. Due to its importance, many FBN construction methods have been proposed currently, including the low-order Pearson's correlation (PC) and sparse representation (SR), as well as the high-order functional connection (HoFC). However, most existing methods usually ignore the information of topological structures of FBN, such as low-rank structure which can reduce the noise and improve modularity to enhance the stability of networks. In this paper, we propose a novel method for improving the estimated FBNs utilizing matrix factorization (MF). More specifically, we firstly construct FBNs based on three traditional methods, including PC, SR, and HoFC. Then, we reduce the rank of these FBNs via MF model for estimating FBN with low-rank structure. Finally, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments have been conducted to identify the subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from norm controls (NCs) using the estimated FBNs. The results on Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset and Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset demonstrate that the classification performances achieved by our proposed method are better than the selected baseline methods.


In recent years, Safe-by-Design (SbD) has been launched as a concept that supports science and engineering such that a broad conception of safety is embraced and structurally embedded. The present study explores the extent to which academics in a distinctively relevant subset of science and engineering disciplines are receptive towards the work and teaching practices SbD would arguably imply. Through 29 interviews with researchers in nanotechnology, biotechnology and chemical engineering differences in perceptions of safety, life-cycle thinking and responsibility for safety were explored. Results indicate that although safety is perceived as a paramount topic in scientific practice, its meaning is rigorously demarcated, marking out safety within the work environment. In effect, this creates a limited perceived role responsibility vis-à-vis safety in the production of knowledge and in teaching, with negligible critical consideration of research's downstream impacts. This is at odds with the adoption of a broader conception of, and responsibility for, safety. The considerations supporting the perceived boundaries demarcating scientific practice are scrutinized. This study suggests that implementing SbD in academia requires systemic changes, the development of new methods, and attention for researchers' and innovators' elementary views on the meaning of and responsibility for safety throughout the innovation chain.


To maintain long-run solvency in light of changing demographics, the US Social Security system needs to be reformed. We present three reform options that protect the retirement benefits of the economically vulnerable while also balancing the Social Security budget. We refer to these three options as Rawlsian reforms because, with each reform option, the Social Security benefits of those at the low end of the income distribution are left intact. Two of our reforms break the link between the benefit cap and the tax cap by lowering the benefit cap. We explore the effect of each reform on ex-ante expected utility, the distribution of private savings, and the distribution of lifetime income in a life-cycle model.


Abstract We have studied the solvent resistance of polyacrylonitrile membranes hydrolyzed by NaOH. The hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile membranes provide a candidate material for either the selective layer or the supporting layer for the solvent resistant composite membrane. The origin of this solvent resistance is summarized. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) cation-exchange NF membranes were prepared from ultrafiltration (UF) membranes through a convenient way developed recently by us. Several explanations for the difference of various solvent permeability coefficients of the cation-exchange PAN NF membrane were also suggested. Relatively high permeability was observed for the solvents with a benzene ring structure. Furthermore, products of their viscosities and permeability, , are close to a constant.


The earthquake 21May 2003 in NE Algeria (Mw=6.8) was the second most destructive event in northern Algeria in the last 50 years, after the El-Asnam earthquake of 1980 (Ms=7.3). The epicentral location was at 3.58E, 36.91N, a few km NW from the town of Zemmouri. The area mostly affected by the shock is a ENE-WSW-trending zone along the Algerian coast, which roughly corresponds with the frontal portion of the collision boundary between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates. The causative fault is presumed to be an offshore structure, trending approximately NE-SW. The shock also caused a tsunami, which affected the Iberian coast and the Balearic Islands. Our field reconnaissance, which was effected soon after the earthquake, revealed the occurrence of geological site effects, including ground fissures, liquefaction and landslides. Abundant surface breaks, forming a NE-SW zone, were observed close to Zemmouri; what is of interest is that the destroyed town lies at the prolongation of this zone. The strike of this deformation zone is slightly oblique to the causative fault of the earthquake, as it was constrained by the CMT solution. The town of Zemmouri, 70 km east of Algiers, was practically reduced to debris; very few buildings did not collapse, having however suffered heavy structural damage. In Boumerdes, the affected buildings were fourto six-story residential blocks. Most collapses or heavy damage were due to the fact that the constructions behaved as soft first(and/or second-) story. The collapses were mostly sandwich-type and in a few cases pancake. The foundation soil consisted of dry, compact sandy material. No damage in Boumerdes caused by liquefaction was observed, while the effect was particularly serious close to Dellys.


In this paper, a hexagonal solid state photonic crystal fiber at 10 terahertz is presented. First, by finding the main conductive fashion and its dispersion, the dispersion variation evaluation is based on the constant changes of the fiber network in the main mode with the aim of achieving the least dispersion. In the next section, dispersion changes are measured and evaluated based on changes in the radius size of the cavities of the photonic crystal fiber area. Then the fiber-forming holes have become elliptical geometry, and the size of the disintegration has been discussed for this change. Finally, by changing the refractive index of the fiber region, the size of the disintegration has been investigated. The optimized structure is obtained for the geometries of all the steps that have the least disintegration. In this way, the proposed structure has a dispersion of -75×10-3 picosecond per nanometer per kilometer, which is a good fit for similar designs.


The knowledge economy age is actually a time that "science and technology are the first productive force". It can strengthen people's belief in physical exercises and promote their participation, and the whole people's participation in Physical Education can promote the development of the knowledge economy itself. They base on each other and promote each other.


The optical system of the Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) of the EUCLID mission consists mainly of a filter and grism wheel and 4 aspherical lenses with large diameters up to 170 mm. The single lenses require a high precision positioning at the operational temperature of 150 K. An additional design driver represents the CaF2 material of a lens, which is very sensitive wrt brittleness. The technical maturity of the combination of single features such as CaF2, large diameter (and mass), high precision and cryogenic conditions is considered as low. Therefore, a dedicated pre-development program has been launched to design and develop a first prototype of lens holder and to demonstrate the functional performance at representative operational conditions. The 4 lenses are divided into 3x lenses for the Camera Lens Assembly (CaLA) and 1x lens for the Corrector Lens Assembly (CoLA). Each lens is glue mounted onto solid state springs, part of an adaption ring. The adaption ring shall provide protection against vibration loads, high accuracy positioning, as well as quasi load free mounting of the lens under operational conditions. To reduce thermomechanical loads on the lens, the CTE of the adaption ring is adapted to that of the lens. The glue between lens and solid state spring has to withstand high tension loads during vibration. At the operational temperature the deviating CTE between glue and lens/adaption ring introduces shear loads into the glue interface, which are critical, in particular for the fragile CaF2 lens material. For the case of NISP the shear loads are controlled with the glue pad diameter and the glue thickness. In the context of the development activity many technology aspects such as various solid state spring designs, glue selection and glue handling have been investigated. A parametric structural model was developed to derive the specific design feature of each ring, such as spring force, number of springs, eigenfrequency, etc. This paper presents the design of the adaption ring in conjunction with test results from functional verification. These results are presented on behalf of the EUCLID consortium.


Four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (cvs. TPT-1, TPT-4, JL-24 and TMV-2) were grown in open-top chambers at 350 and 600 µmol CO2/mol in soil amended with 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 mmol solutions of NaCl. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) and dry biomass of leaf, stem and root were measured on 60 days after sowing. The plant growth and photosynthesis increased in both NaCl treated and control plants with elevated CO2. The gs and E decreased under elevated CO2 and the CO2 effect was highly significant under salt stress mitigating the adverse effect on these components in all the four cultivars tested. A positive correlation was observed between Pn and dry biomass under elevated CO2 and salt stress. Enhanced CO2 helps to increase growth and photosynthesis in peanut cultivars and it ameliorates the adverse effects induced by salt stress.


The achieving of regular fundamental precepts instituted on the Constitucional Letter of the Democratic State Environmental Law is arduous and laborious, because each practice must be justified and backed by a peculiar normative framework so that the characters can act safely institutional. But this procedure happens through what process? Through the decision. Thus, this paper seeks to elaborate on this procedure, showing the manner in which it is erected, exposing its limitations and the possibilities that its use provides society. Such reflection is built in order to interact with the constitutional guarantees, which reflect both the judicial middle, as in administration. In the background, as touchstone, contextualizes this discussion with an environmental perspective.


Solo exhibition commenting on the relationship between the individual and the power systems, with points of departure including pre-war Polish mass gymnastic-patriotic organisations Sokol (Falcon).

Works included: prints, drawings, mural, documents, fount footage, animation and sound.


We applied a wearable wireless node to model the wireless channel for hand gesture recognition in this study. With transmission and reception of wireless signals, the received signal strength indications (RSSI) are obtained to model the wireless channel. When people wear a wearable device, their hand gestures make the devices to receive different RSSI patterns, through the respective channels. Thus, the channel is modelled to perform the hand gestures recognition. In this paper, we proposed a weighting method to investigate the recognition on two gestures of up and horizontal movement. Experimental results show that the recognition rate can reach highly to 99%.


Government of India, Microsoft and AICTE designed a great amusing on line learning portal named as SWAYAM. It is basically government scheme launched for on line learning. The tag line of this portal as a 'Shikshit Bharat Unnat Bharat '. It provide free on line free education using information and communication Technology. It was launched by Formal President of India Dr. PranabMukharji on July 2017. SWAYAM is a one stop web and mobile base interactive content for all courses from high school to university level. It provides high quality learning experience using multimedia on anytime, anywhere. it allows easy access monitoring and certification . it gives the facility of peer group interaction and discussion forum to clear the doubts. It is based on the three cardinal principles of Education policy like access equity and quality.


We formally extend the processes of design patterns from software engineering into the area of session management and transactional risk management, in an effort to improve the reliability, predictability, and security in identity. This work addresses identity management systems that sustain sessions across extended supply chains of multiple technologies and policies. The design patterns will help promote better practices in the design and development of these session-management and transaction-management systems, and the overview of compensating controls will record common practices in addressing the inconsistencies faced by real-world systems in working across technical and policy domains. An initial design pattern for compensating controls was developed. It addresses purchasing products or services from a web merchant with PCI DSS serving as the backdrop for existing controls and for which compensating controls might be needed. The approach used for this initial design pattern for compensating controls may be used in other areas so that a repository of these documents may be available to various stakeholders to provide more secure and robust systems. Likewise, the holistic approach employed here by incorporating multiple perspectives–business, legal, and technical–provides a useful framework for addressing the organizational realities of deploying and protecting information systems from various threats.


This paper deals with the experimental analysis of the effect of the braid angle on the behaviour of a hydraulic hose under pressure loading. The main structural elements of the hose are a rubber tube and a steel braid or spiral. The material of the braid and the number of braids influence the magnitude of the pressure load on the hydraulic hose. The angle of the braid affects the deformation of the hydraulic hose when the inner wall is loaded with fluid pressure. For hydraulic hoses, it is a requirement to maintain a neutral braid angle during manufacture to ensure a balance between axial and circumferential stresses under pressure loading. An experimental device was set up to measure the hoses. This device can be used to measure the diameter of the outer braid, the length and the tensile force of the hose in the axial direction and, where appropriate, to evaluate the angle of the outer braid of the hose as a function of the fluid pressure loading on the inner wall of the hose. The object of the research is to determine the effect of the braid angle on the behaviour of the hydraulic hose under pressure loading. Based on the measurements, the dependencies of the tensile force, the braid angle and the change in length of hydraulic hoses on the internal pressure were determined. In order to compare the measurement results, hydraulic hoses with different inner diameters and different numbers of braids or spirals were selected.
Research background: Description of neutral braid angle, hydraulic hose geometry, tensile force of hose.
Purpose of the article: Influence of braid angle on the hydraulic hoses behaviour under pressure loading.
Methods: Experimental measurements.
Findings & Value added: Determining of the change of length dependencies on the pressure, determining of the tensile force dependencies on the pressure.


The article is devoted to the formation of students information competence when studying mechanics of materials. An important component in the formation of information competence is the ability to apply special software in their professional activities. The article shows the topicality of the learning of software by students in the early stages of learning. This increases their readiness for engineering activities. The emphasis is placed on improving the understanding of the subject area by integration of the experimental studies and modeling finite element method. The paper presents an example use of an application module of the Solidworks software package to calculate one of the tasks of strength of materials.


AbstractThe principles of normalisation and openness are cornerstones of modern prison philosophy. Normalisation involves making prison life as similar as possible to normal outside life and openness counteracts the negative effects of the total institution (Rentzmann, 1996). Both normalisation and openness imply that it should be the norm to place a person in an open prison. He or she should only be placed in a closed prison if there is a concrete, real risk of escape or if the prisoner is considered dangerous. The question is: does the Danish prison system in the era of the millennium still pay tribute to these two cornerstones when it comes to prisoner placement and furloughs? Since sentence length and disciplinary offences can determine both prisoner placement and prison furloughs, the article also explores developments in determinate sentencing and disciplinary punishment. Based on statistics and legislation, the analysis reveals that the severity of penalties increased during the period 2002-2019, e.g., average sentence length increased, more prisoners were placed in closed prisons, fewer prison furloughs were permitted, and more prisoners were exposed to disciplinary punishment. These developments can be explained by laws and rules implemented to deal with gang-related crime andgang-connected prisoners, who make up about 10 percent of the total prison population. While these strict laws and rules are designed to discipline the few, they have influenced the many and undermined the basic principles of normalisation and openness in Danish prisons.


Treatment with intensive chemotherapy regimens is frequently complicated by severe thrombocytopenia. During the period of severe thrombocytopenia, anticoagulant treatment is not uncommonly indicated for thromboembolic events or thromboprophylaxis in these patients. We report 10 hematological patients treated with intensive chemotherapy protocols that were anticoagulated with enoxaparin for catheter related central venous thrombosis and thromboprophylaxis. During the period of severe thrombocytopenia the dosages of enoxaparin were reduced and no major bleeding occurred. Based on our experience we suggest that reduced dosages of low molecular weight heparins may be used relatively safely during transient severe thrombocytopenia.


Background/Objectives: The power demand of utility electrical power has stimulated the use of distributed energy for peak shaving. Distributed energy resources need to be monitored and controlled like Internet of Things. Methods/Statistical analysis: Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are small scale electric energy system like Micro Turbine, Photovoltaic, Wind power, Small Generator and widely spread in Korea. For utilizing electrical device with Internet of Things, we need integrated system and adapt International Electrical Code like IEC 61850. Findings: To connect DERs with uninterrupted grid system, it required Closed Transition Transfer Switch (CTTS). Existing International Electrical Code presented some distributed energy resource by IEC 61850-7-420. However, the switch like CTTS is not presented. So, we described modeling of CTTS in IEC 61850 and verified monitoring data with TCP/IP. Improvements/Applications: The proposed modeling of CTTS not only combines the DERs with grid system but also conjugates smart grid system with IOT Technology.


The purpose of this thesis is to explore the policies which hinder the use of historic neighborhood schools as schools. The adoption of large acreage requirements, funding formulas which favor new construction over rehabilitation, and modern building codes lead to the abandonment of neighborhood schools and the creation of poorlydesigned new schools that instigate urban sprawl. Education specialists agree that smaller schools equal a better education. Historic schools offer this type of learning environment and have proven to be adaptable for other uses, bolstering the argument for their structural flexibility. Research is focused on adverse planning and education policies and the implications for our quality of life and health. Creative policies that deviate from the norm and provide good alternatives to "school sprawl" are presented as a way for communities to adopt policies that encourage the rehabilitation of historic schools for schools and the construction of small neighborhood schools.


Several methods currently exist that can perform relatively simple queries driven by relevance feedback on large multimedia databases. However, all these methods work only for vector spaces; that is, they require that objects be represented as vectors within feature spaces. Moreover, their implied query regions are typically convex. This research paper explains our solution. We propose a novel method that is designed to handle disjunctive queries within metric spaces. The user provides weights for positive examples; our system "learns" the implied concept and returns similar objects. Our method differs from existing relevance-feedback methods that base themselves upon Euclidean or Mahalanobis metrics, as it facilitates learning even disjunctive, concave models within vector spaces, as well as arbitrary metric spaces. Our main contributions are two-fold. Not only do we present a novel way to estimate the dissimilarity of an object to a set of desirable objects, but we support it with an algorithm that shows how to exploit metric indexing structures that support range queries to accelerate the search without incurring false dismissals. Our empirical results demonstrate that our method converges rapidly to excellent precision/recall, while outperforming sequential scanning by up to 200%.


No Friend Bear is a particularly lively and interesting character that can be called on when dealing with sensitive issues in the lives of young children. Jo Williams illustrates her arguments with some very practical suggestions. As a result of disseminating these ideas throughout a school, she asserts, this has created a more amenable climate, there is less need for traditional punishments and pupils have begun to take more responsibility for their actions.


There is growing concern that the U.S. military can no longer meet its domestic and international spectrum needs. Demand for this resource is growing at an exponential pace, both within the Department of Defense (DoD) and in the commercial sector (partly due to rapid growth in broadband wireless electronics). A microcosm of these challenges is evident in flight test operations, where there is a growing need for advanced spectrum assignment, frequency deconfliction, and scheduling optimization decision support capabilities. This paper describes research aimed at investigating how to optimize frequency scheduling, dynamic assignment, and real-time metrics adjustment to promote assured access to the electronic spectrum, including emerging technology developments to support that need.


The error test station is an important part in the automatic verification assembly line of current transformer, and its accuracy and stability of working state are related to the evaluation of the accuracy level of the current transformer being verified. This paper aims to study the short-term prediction method of transformer error based on intelligent algorithm. In this paper, the risk early-warning method based on error verification test data is used for period verification. Aiming at the characteristics of limited, nonlinear and uncertain samples in risk early-warning problems, fuzzy support vector regression based on correlation analysis and other intelligent algorithms are used for analysis. The error test data are sampled according to time. In the prediction of this kind of data, the correlation between the prediction results and the recent data is strong, but the correlation between the prediction results and the early data is weak. Therefore, the weights from small to large are assigned to the sample data according to the distance of sampling time, which is used to determine the penalty factor of fuzzy support vector regression. According to the interaction of multi-dimensional features of samples, the correlation between each feature is analyzed, and the factors with strong correlation with the parameters to be predicted are screened out. On this basis, a prediction model is established by using fuzzy support vector regression, and the parameters of support vector regression are optimized by adaptive genetic algorithm to achieve the best prediction effect. The example analysis shows that this prediction model has better performance than other prediction models in this paper. Finally, the prediction results are combined with the risk assessment strategy to realize the risk warning of current transformer error test station. Based on the research of intelligent algorithm, the risk early warning system is implemented in this paper. The trial operation results show that the system can give the changing trend of the equipment state on the basis of the period check, which provides technical support for the early maintenance of the error test station of current transformer.


We examine the role of borrower concerns about future credit availability in mitigating the effects of adverse selection and income misrepresentation in the mortgage market. We show that the majority of additional risk associated with "low-doc'' mortgages originated prior to the Great Recession was due to adverse selection on the part of borrowers who could verify income, but chose not to. We provide novel evidence that these borrowers were more likely to inflate or exaggerate their income. Our analysis suggests that recent regulations changes that have essentially eliminated the low-doc loan product would result in credit rationing against self-employed borrowers.


Experiments have confirmed the ability to reduce the acceleration sensitivity electronically for both BAW (bulk acoustic wave) and SAW (surface acoustic wave) resonators. The authors describe the compensation technique, and give experimental results for resonator units. Several types of SAW and BAW resonator based oscillators have been tested, all of which show large variations in the sensitivity coefficient over their tuning ranges. Data obtained for an L-band SAW-resonator-based oscillator, which shows a 20-fold improvement in the sensitivity coefficient with electronic tuning are presented. Even greater effects have been seen in BAW-resonator-based oscillators.<<ETX>>


We construct Schrödinger-like solutions of the Vasiliev higher spin theory in D > 3 dimension. Symmetries of such solutions and the linearized equation of motion for the scalar on such backgrounds are analyzed. We further propose Galilean invariant bosonic and fermionic field theories that could be dual to the two parity invariant higher spin theories on the Schrödinger-like background respectively. The discussion is phrased mainly in D = 4 dimension, while similar constructions follow straightforwardly in higher dimensions.


Metals have for more than a century played important roles in allergic contact dermatitis epidemics. While nickel exposure in consumers has been limited by the 1994 EU Nickel Regulation, now part of the REACH agreement, occupational nickel exposure is still not regulated. Nonetheless, nickel allergy prevalences have decreased significantly in European populations as opposed to the increasing trends in unregulated American and Chinese populations. The nickel regulation must therefore be considered successful as it shows that regulation can indeed alter the epidemiology of metal allergy. A cobalt regulation has not yet been formally discussed despite cobalt allergy remains prevalent in patch tested dermatitis patients. Notably, market surveys are now being conducted to identify sources of cobalt exposure which may provide the basis for future regulations. Chromium exposure has also resulted in a severe contact allergy epidemic. Historically, allergic chromium dermatitis was mainly observed on the hands of construction workers resulting in occupational disability. In 1983 in Denmark and in 2005 in the European Union member states, the addition of ferrous sulphate to cement became compulsory to reduce the water soluble hexavalent chromium content to no more than 2 ppm (parts per million). Following this intervention, the prevalence of chromium allergy decreased significantly in Denmark and Germany among construction workers, again showing the potential benefits of a regulatory intervention on metal exposure. In recent years, an increase of allergic chromium dermatitis due to skin contact with leather products has been observed (1). Trivalent chromium is used in leather tanning to obtain softness, durability, and flexibility following binding to collagen fibres, whereas hexavalent chromium is mainly an impurity or appears following oxidation of trivalent chromium during manufacturing, and perhaps even following normal wear (2, 3). While free trivalent chromium can indeed be found in leather and result in chromium allergy and dermatitis, the free pool of water-soluble hexavalent chromium appears to be the main hazard since its bioavailability is much higher. A German survey on 850 leather items conducted between 2000 and 2006 by the regulatory authorities of the federal states showed that half released more than 3 ppm hexavalent chromium and 1/6 more than 10 ppm (http://www.bfr.bund.de/cd/9575). Of 197 patients with chromium dermatitis seen in our clinic between 1995 and 2007, 55% had relevant exposure to leather products and a significant increase of chromium allergy was observed after 1999 (1). Pertinently, nearly half of our chromium allergic patients had foot dermatitis. Moreover, Danish patients with chromium allergy had a much worse clinical course of their hand dermatitis than patients with other allergies (4), and a Danish survey from 2009 showed that chromium was identified in nearly all of 60 randomly evaluated leather footwear and that the median chromium content was 1.7% (5). Notably, hexavalent chromium was released from 44% of 18 products evaluated with the ISO 17075 standard method. This test determines the mass fraction expressed in milligrams per kilogram of soluble hexavalent chromium in leather and has an analytical determination limit of 3 ppm by weight. Three items released more than 10 ppm and one shoe released 62 ppm hexavalent chromium. The chromium release rates should be interpreted together with elicitation threshold levels. Reactivity to hexavalent chromium differs slightly with a significant proportion of patients reacting to 7–10 ppm and with some reacting down to 1 ppm when the skin is irritated (6). Trivalent chromium elicitation concentrations are generally much higher. In January 2012, the Danish government submitted a dossier with information about the chromium leather problem to the European Chemicals Agency. It was proposed that no more than 3 ppm hexavalent chromium should be released from leather products sold in European Union member states. In November 2012, the Committee for Risk Assessment adopted by consensus the opinion on the restriction proposed in the Danish dossier, although the restriction was modified by deleting a notion of 'direct and prolonged contact with the skin'. The restriction covers leather articles and articles containing leather parts used by consumers or workers that under normal or reasonably foreseeable conditions of use come into contact with the skin. The ISO 17075 Standard was chosen as the analytical method that should be utilized to test for compliance with the regulation. According to the opinion of the Committee for Risk Assessment, that threshold is expected to be 80% effective in reducing the occurrence


In this article by results of levelling II class the comparative analysis of calculations of heights of deep reference points of a local network of the first step by "manual way" and with application of software product Credo_DAT 3.12 is resulted.


The objective of this study was to determine lip prints pattern distribution among genders, seasons of birth in different dialects of Yoruba tribe in Kwara State. Five hundred subjects comprising of 288 males and 212 females were used for the study. Lipstick method and questionnaires were used to collect data. Lip prints were then divided into quadrants and identified according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi's classification. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-Square test, statistical significance differences was set at p < 0.05. Type I' lip print was the predominant pattern in males while in females it was Type II. The predominant lip prints for subjects born during dry and wet seasons were Type IV and Type I' respectively. Among the dialects, predominant lip prints pattern were Type V (Ekiti-kwara), Type I (Ibolo), Type I' (Igbomina) and Type V (Ilorin). There was no statistical significant difference between genders; seasons of birth; and dialects regarding the types of lip print patterns. Citation: Alabi AS, Amedu NO, Olowo ST, Kareem SB and Lewu SF (2019). Morphologic distribution of lip prints among genders, season of birth and different dialects of a Nigerian population. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Public Health 4: 36-41. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3337978 Received June 13, 2019; Accepted June 27, 2019; Published July 14, 2019. Copyright: © 2019 Alabi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. JETPH is a journal publication of BRSF. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: email@example.com


Lusatia is a phenomenon in the history of Europe. For many centuries its inhabitants bravely struggled against the German element, preserving their identity. Such conduct has earned them our admiration. Does this admiration find reflection in the Polish language, for instance in the proper names used today? This article makes an attempt at answering this question. Special attention has been paid to the onyms including the words Łuzyce/Lusatia, luzycki/Lusatian, Łuzyczanin/Łuzyczanka/male or female inhabitant of Lusatia, excerpted from the Internet with the use of Google browser. Their analysis shows which factors also played an important role in the formation of such names, i.e., sympathy and interest in the inhabitants of Lusatia – the people who have been cultivating their culture, language and customs for many years and who, because of their conduct, are worthy of our reflection.


Achievement goal orientation is one of the motivational constructs that plays an important role in determining students' persistence in learning. Adoption of specific goal orientation brings about different learning outcomes. Meanwhile, mathematics anxiety is an affective variable that could influence students' learning and performance. High level of anxiety has always been related to poor achievement. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between motivational construct which was achievement goal orientation with mathematics anxiety. A total of 976 Malaysian secondary school students were selected through cluster random sampling to be the respondents of the study. The instruments used were achievement goal orientation questionnaire and a self-developed mathematics anxiety scale. All the collected data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses. Findings showed that mastery and performanceavoidance orientation were significantly correlated with mathematics anxiety while performanceavoidance contributes the largest variance to the changes in mathematics anxiety. The findings may provide a useful feedback for educators regarding the factors that could enhance or inhibit students' learning in mathematics.


The "Three Hills and Five Gardens" not only have the landscape culture system, garden culture system, architecture culture system, but also have an important part of culture, which is the royal religious culture. The royal religious culture is externally reflected in religious architectures, among which Buddhist architectures occupy a high proportion, including Han Buddhist monasteries and Tibetan Buddhist monasteries, such as Zhengjue Monastery and Sravasti. Through sorting out the pedigree of Buddhist cultural heritage in the areas of "Three Hills and Five Gardens", this paper will explain the values, summarize the characteristics and put forward four suggestions for activation and utilization. This not only helps to enhance the popularity of the "Three Hills and Five Gardens", but also promotes the construction of national demonstration area for conservation and utilization of cultural relics.


In this paper, by applying some results on infinite-dimensional control theory, a closed formula for the H2 performance limit is derived for systems that can be expressed as a series connection of a rational transfer matrix and a scalar inner function. This formulation is capable of dealing with various control problems, including H2 control of a class of infinite-dimensional systems. The resulting formula, given as a functional of the inner function, helps us to understand how achievable H2 performance deteriorates due to non-minimum phase properties of the plants. This paper also aims to clarify the performance limit via state-space representation, in order to handle multiple-input-multiple-output systems in a transparent way.


This paper proposes a multi-orbit on-orbit servicing logistics optimization framework capable of planning the operations of sustainable servicing infrastructures with client satellites distributed across different orbits of various shapes. The proposed framework generalizes the state-of-the-art network-based on-orbit servicing logistics optimization method to the multi-orbit case by tracking the relative motion of the network nodes as part of the process of computing the costs of the network arcs. The new framework keeps track of the simulation time in order to propagate the orbital elements of the network nodes over time. The orbital elements are then inputted into high-thrust and low-thrust trajectory optimization routines interfaced with the framework to accurately compute the cost of transportation of the servicers. Finally, a mixed-integer linear program is formulated to model the operations of the servicing infrastructure over the network and over time, whereas the rolling horizon procedure is leveraged to account for the uncertainties in service demand. Two case studies demonstrate the application of the generalized framework to the short-term operational scheduling and long-term strategic planning of on-orbit servicing infrastructures.


The invention discloses a transmitting coil structure with high-quality factor and a winding method thereof. A transmitting coil comprises a coil, an insulation layer attached to the coil and a shielding layer attached to the insulation layer. The coil is composed of M turns of loosely-intertwined winding wires and N turns of closely-intertwined winding wires. The spacing distance between turns of M turns of loosely-intertwined winding wires is larger than that between turns of N turns of closely-intertwined winding wires. M is less than N.The coil winding method thereof can help greatly the proximity effect of the coil, reduce loss and decrease the dead zone range of a magnetic field of the transmitting coil such that the quality factor of the transmitting coil is greatly increased. In addition, uniform magnetic field distribution is generated around the transmitting coil so that energy is effectively transmitted.


In this paper, the performance analysis of Receive Space Modulation (RSM) in the shadowing Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) broadcast channel is presented. This is undertaken by considering Zero Forcing (ZF) precoding and both small and large scale fading. In particular, a closed form and accurate framework for the evaluation of the Symbol Error Rate (SER) is derived. In addition, the diversity order and the coding gain of the new architecture are also obtained. The derived framework can be directly extended to the conventional spatially multiplexed shadowing MIMO broadcast channel. It is shown that RSM achieves the same diversity order and, in certain scenarios which are well defined, higher coding gain than spatially multiplexing (SMX). Also, the performance difference between RSM and SMX in the shadowing broadcast channel is mathematically quantified. Finally, numerical results that verify the new framework and conclusions are provided.


Objective To discuss treatment of severe brain injury complicated with shock.Methods One hundred and twenty-one patients with severe brain injury complicated with shock were retrospectively analyzed.Results 48 cases(39.67%) was cured.11 cases(9.09%) was low-grade disability,30 cases(24.79%) severe disability,7 cases(5.79%) vegetative state.25 cases(20.66%) died.Conclusion Emphasis of salvage and treatment of severe brain injury and shock is encephalic haematoma,cerebral hernia,shock and respiratory function failure.


Rabbits sensitized to beef gamma globulin (BGG) and normal controls were injected intravenously with small amounts of insoluble, suspended complexes formed in vitro between I131-trace labeled BGG (I131-BGG) and its homologous rabbit antibody. At intervals animals were sacrificed and the protein bound activity was determined in their blood and organs. It has been shown that the clearance from the blood proceeds more rapidly in sensitized than in control animals because the antibody in their serum reduces dissociation of complex. The organ distribution pattern is similar in both sensitized rabbits and controls and it thus appears that elimination of complex from blood does not depend on any sensitization of tissues. The spleen, shortly after injection, has the highest specific activity of any organ. Because of their size the liver and lungs account for the greatest removal of injected activity from the circulation. In sensitized animals injected with labeled antigen (i.e. in tracing complex formed in vivo) the spleen and lymph nodes have the highest specific activities of any organ; whereas in normal animals these activities are quite low. Thermally denatured I131-BGG, when injected intravenously, is eliminated from blood at rates comparable to antigen-antibody complex in sensitized rabbits, but is excreted more rapidly from the organism. A difference in the rate of degradation and elimination of native insoluble protein (antigen-antibody complex) and denatured insoluble protein is indicated.


This paper investigates the wafer bow induced during the substrate transfer process for GaN LED on Si (111) 8 inch wafers. The substrate transfer process is to transfer the thin GaN LED device layer to a carrier wafer using a CuSnCu permanent bonding layer. The process generates tensile bow on a wafer due to the high tensile stress of the Cu or the CuxSny intermetallic layer after bonding. Understanding the wafer bow evolution during the substrate transfer is very important to get a good control of the process. The high wafer bow value may cause problems for some automatic handling tools in the production line or affect process quality such as in lithography. The influence of substrate thickness and Cu metallization thickness on the wafer bow has been studied. A bow compensation layer can be used to compensate the tensile bow, thus minimizing the wafer bow after the substrate transfer process.


PURPOSE
Patient specific pre-treatment quality assurance (QA) using arrays of detectors or film have been the standard approach to assure the correct treatment is delivered to the patient. This QA approach is expensive, labor intensive and does not guarantee or document that all remaining fractions were treated properly. The purpose of this abstract is to commission and evaluate the performance of a commercially available in-vivo QA software using the electronic portal imaging device (EPID) to record the daily treatments.

METHODS
The platform EPIgray V2.0.2 (Dosisoft), which machine model compares ratios of TMR with EPID signal to predict dose was commissioned for an Artiste (Siemens Oncology Care Systems) and a Truebeam (Varian medical systems) linear accelerator following the given instructions. The systems were then tested on three different phantoms (homogeneous stack of solid water, anthropomorphic head and pelvis) and on a library of patient cases. Simple and complex fields were delivered at different exposures and for different gantry angles. The effects of the table attenuation and the EPID sagging were evaluated. Gamma analysis of the measured dose was compared to the predicted dose for complex clinical IMRT cases.

RESULTS
Commissioning of the EPIgray system for two photon energies took 8 hours. The difference between the dose planned and the dose measured with EPIgray was better than 3% for all phantom scenarios tested. Preliminary results on patients demonstrate an accuracy of 5% is achievable in high dose regions for both 3DCRT and IMRT. Large discrepancies (>5%) were observed due to metallic structures or air cavities and in low dose areas. Flat panel sagging was visible and accounted for in the EPIgray model.

CONCLUSION
The accuracy achieved by EPIgray is sufficient to document the safe delivery of complex IMRT treatments. Future work will evaluate EPIgray for VMAT and high dose rate deliveries. This work is supported by Dosisoft, Cachan, France.


The invention relates to an insulated fault positioner (2) performing insulated fault positioning in an ungrounded power-supply network (4). The positioner (2) includes one measuring channel, at least one current measuring device (20), and an analysis device (24), wherein the current measuring device (20) and the analysis device (24) form an integrated structure unit in a manner of an attachment (2) or an adapter (2). In addition, the invention further relates to an apparatus for insulated fault positioning in the ungrounded power-supply network (4), including a tester for generating testing current and the insulated fault positioner (2) provided.


In order to forward improving brazing joint strength of Ni-Ti compound plated ceramic to metal,a new two-step method was developed.In this method,the glow discharge diffusion went first,and the brazing the second.The research indicated that the strength of the plated ceramic joint reached 232-256 MPa,and the reason for remarkable strength raise is that the glow discharge diffusion enabled Ti atoms in Ni-Ti layer diffuse and form rich collection at ceramic interface.


1. Name: a wheel (7J × 16). 2. Use: wheel of the vehicle. 3. Design: the shape of the spokes and the central front view of a rear view. 4. The main view shows that most design elements of the picture. 5. The right-view and left view of symmetry, a right side view is omitted; FIG bottom plan view of FIG symmetry, a bottom view thereof is omitted.


Early studies on intelligent control methods for automatic starting control for vehicles mainly focus on traditional parametric adjustment. However, attempts toward the combination of learning algorithms and models are rare. When drivers' starting behavior is not considered and tedious parameters are merely used for drive control, the effects result in discomfort for drivers. Therefore, to imitate drivers' starting behavior when dealing with automatic drive control in vehicles, we must first develop an acceleration fitting based on DFT by analyzing the starting characteristics. Then, we design an iterative learning algorithm to achieve automatic starting control of vehicles. Finally, a simulation test is conducted based on CARSIM to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.


The article employs post-hegemonic theory to reframe how power operates within online cultures. To that end, it investigates a digital marketing campaign for a Polish clothing brand, Reserved, and its reception in social media. Examining over one thousand comments on Facebook, it argues that while the initial viral success abruptly turned into public outcry, the actual response was much more varied, encompassing a multiplicity of different feelings and immediate orientations, not necessarily congruent with the backlash. In this sense, the shifting balance of power was not contingent on the emergence of a public consensus that challenged corporate hegemony, but pertained to the arrangement of affective intensities to habituate the multitude to the networked media environment. Consequently, the article approaches Reserved's campaign and its online reception as involving a series of corporeal attunements that re-territorialized multiple and incongruent affective flows into established networked structures and corresponding relations of power.


Dye-sensitized solar cell( DSSC) provides credible alternative concept for inorganic solid-state photovoltaic devices. The conversion efficiency of DSSC is mainly based on the dye coated on the porous semiconductor TiO2film. The use of natural dyes in DSSC is promising development because of the scarce availability of the noble metals and simple chemical synthesis. Natural pigments,such as anthocyanin,carotenoid,chlorophyll,and flavonoid can be extracted from leaves,flowers and fruits of various kinds of plants. The development of using natural dyes as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells was detailedly reviewed and discussed. Furthermore,the development trend of the devices with the discussion of key problems for commercialization was predicted.


The absorption of solar radiation and the exchange of long-wave terrestrial radiation are computed for the 30 to 90 km region for all latitudes using the climatological mean temperatures given by Murgatroyd (1957). Over most of the earth's surface (approximately 30° in the winter hemisphere to 60° in the summer hemisphere) there is a close approach to radiative equilibrium at all the levels considered. In the polar regions, however, there is a significant departure from radiative equilibrium with excess heating during the summer and excess cooling during the winter.


The article presents the organization and the course of the undergraduate practice of students in the specialty "social pedagogy". Insofar as the self-assessment skills are among the important soft-skills of the modern specialist, an attempt is made to establish the degree of his / her formation by comparing the self-assessments of two groups of students – trainees at school and trainees at a social institution. Conclusions are made about the need for purposeful formation of self-assessment skills in a specific practical environment.


Ocular cicatrical pemphigoid is a chronic, progressive, auto‐immune disease characterised by shrinkage of the conjunctiva, entropion, trichiasis, xerosis and, finally, reduced vision from corneal opacification. The long‐term prognosis is always very poor, although systemic immunosuppressive chemotherapy, topical retinoids and contact lens wear are beneficial. Various types of contact lenses are useful in managing tins disease. In the case described, an RGP lens was used to improve vision, surface wetting and the physiological and visual prognosis.


The economic development level of a region mainly depends on the rationality and validity of the regional industrial structure,and the rationality and validity of the industrial structure is closely related to the regional leading industries.This paper based on the three biggest economic "growth nuclear" Hefei,Wuhu,Bengbu of Anhui province,and the location entropy method and factor analysis method were comprehensively applied for the analysis and assessment on the regional industries,finally determined the potential dominant industries that promote the economic development,then provides corresponding suggestions that can promote the rapid development of whole regional economy.


We have successfully reduced threshold voltage shifts of amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs) on transparent polyimide films against bias‐temperature stress below 100 mV, which is equivalent to those on glass substrates. This high reliability was achieved by dense IGZO thin films and annealing temperature below 300 °C. We have reduced bulk defects of IGZO thin films and interface defects between gate insulator and IGZO thin film by optimizing deposition conditions of IGZO thin films and annealing conditions. Furthermore, a 3.0‐in. flexible active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode was demonstrated with the highly reliable a‐IGZO TFT backplane on polyimide film. The polyimide film coating process is compatible with mass‐production lines. We believe that flexible organic light‐emitting diode displays can be mass produced using a‐IGZO TFT backplane on polyimide films.


Case Study A 20-year-old white female, 25 weeks pregnant, presented to a rural community hospital. The patient was then taken to a teaching hospital with a diagnosis of intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown etiology. However, the patient had a history of head trauma from a motor vehicle accident 11 months earlier. The neurosurgeon involved with the case could not determine whether the motor vehicle accident was related to this incident. The incidence of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage in pregnancy is less than 1 in 10,000.6 Twenty-four hours after admission the patient was pronounced brain dead based on two clinical examinations done 6 hours apart. It was the wish of the patient's mother, the legal next of kin, for the baby to be delivered when viable. The patient was transferred to the surgical ICU with high-risk obstetric service consulted. The physicians and nurses involved with the case decided to contact the local OPO for advice. The organ procurement agency served as a consultant to the physicians and nurses working on the case by providing information on the pathophysiology of brain death. The hospital staff provided the family with information concerning the survival of the fetus. The family decided that the pregnancy would be maintained as Organ recovery following childbirth by a brain-dead mother: a case report


and full text are considered independent text entities. They can be published in different places and must be readable when separated from each other. Repetition of an abbreviation may be useful at the beginning of a new section. Keep in mind that readers might read your paper in a different order than you wrote it, and especially, things like figure captions (see, e.g., "Writing an Effective Figure Legend" by M. Panter https:// www.aje.com/en/arc/writing-effective-figure-legend/) and table headers should be readable by themselves. Gene symbols are not abbreviations and may be used without explanation. There are a few abbreviations that are so common (in their respective domain) that you do not need to introduce them, e.g., DNA, RNA, et al., or PCR. Stick to one abbreviation per term, and once introduced, use it consequently. It helps to make a list of abbreviations while writing to keep an overview, although not all journals want a separate list of abbreviations submitted with the text. Rule 5: Use the correct form of Latin expressions and abbreviations Latin expressions and their abbreviations are traditionally written in italics, although some of them became so common that they are integrated in English language by now and not all writing guides require use of italics any more. The most commonly used Latin abbreviation is et alii (and others), whereas the correct abbreviation is et al. (note the single dot). Common examples are in vivo, in vitro, and in situ for experimental descriptions, vice versa (the opposite of what was said is also applicable), and e.g. (exempli gratia—for example) and i.e. (id est—in other words) which are frequently mixed up. Less often seen but still used is i.a. (inter alia) which translates to "among other(s)". Rule 6: Use non-breaking spaces Non-breaking space (also referred as "no-break space" or "hard space") is a special space character that does not allow a line break in that exact position. These are used to prevent a new line starting with something strange. The most common and only obligatory use in scientific literature is between numbers and their units (e.g., 10_μg), but non-breaking spaces can also be used between days and months (e.g., June_3rd), within a name (e.g., Jon_Doe, Elizabeth_II), or in any other situations in which breaking lines may be disruptive for the reader (e.g., in an infobox). Different text editing programs have different shortcuts to add those, e.g., in Microsoft Word, it is Ctrl-Shift-space, and in LaTeX, you can use "~". Rule 7: Pay attention to the supplementary data and code Supplementary data and code are often very valuable as they allow reproduction and reuse of the materials described in the paper, and several data types like genetic sequences or omics data are mandatory to deposit and publish together with the paper. Make sure the link is persistent, and the data are actually there. The proper way to store raw or processed data or cite data (data citation according to DataCite standard) is described elsewhere [5–7]. For software, including code that is used to generate figures, software packages, and workflows, there are specialized repositories that allow version control and guarantee accessibility and online availability (e.g., GitHub and Bioconductor). See also reference [8] for a more detailed description of how to document or to cite [9] scientific software properly. Supplementary tables are often given as Microsoft Excel formats. The automatic recognition of gene symbols in Excel and transfer to a date format, e.g., SEPT7 becomes September 7, was a common problem; it occurred in up to 20% of supplementary data Excel files in the past [10]. However, this has been resolved by the latest update of the HGNC symbols. For example, SEPT7 is now SEPTIM7 and no longer triggers Excel's auto format function. PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Ten simple rules to make your publication look better PLOS Computational Biology | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008938 May 20, 2021 3 / 5 Make sure to reference any supplementary data or software appropriately in the text, whether in an external repository or supplementary table file, and link the identifier from the respective repository (e.g., Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress). Rule 8: Do a spelling and grammar check This is the simplest rule and possibly the one most often disregarded. Every advanced editing program has a built-in spelling and grammar check, which should be used at least once before submitting to find the most obvious and most embarrassing errors. Check also whether your own (language specific) automatic spelling correction mechanism did not change anything into more common words, especially when it comes to gene names and symbols (see Rule 7). Then, there are the errors that the built-in spelling and grammar check will not find (yet). For example, differentiating between "a treating physician" and "a threatening physician" cannot currently be performed automatically, but only by careful proofreading. In addition to proofreading, make sure to write in the correct tense. We recommend the present tense for the Introduction because it is a description of the present state of the art. Materials and methods and Results are usually written in the past tense as these are things you have performed and have found in the past. Try to minimize passive language for better readability. Good spelling and grammar checking is, however, not a replacement for well-written English. If none of the authors are fluent in English, it remains a good idea to have someone check it who is. Rule 9: Review the document again after creating the final version Before creating a pdf for submission or for printing, make sure that all track changes and comments are resolved and removed from the text. During the creation of a pdf, weird things may happen to your text, so it is important to review the product again at least one more time. Text blocks and items like figures, tables, or headings may have moved. Make sure that headings are not left at the bottom of a page when they should be at the top of the next page. If you have figures or tables in the text, check that they are not separated from their captions or headings. In contrast to graduation thesis, journals usually require the figures to be submitted separately and the tables to be added at the end. Check if specifically formatted text or inserted items (e.g., formulas, special characters, or references) are still shown correctly, and check if hyperlinks to internal (headings) or external (websites) sources work. Rule 10: Accept that there will be errors The aforementioned nine simple rules should help to catch most of the errors and minimize mistakes for a more professional presentation of your work. Despite all effort and proofreading it may, and at some point will, happen that you find an error in your published work. Forgive yourself; absolute perfection is unrealistic. Remember the perfect can even be the enemy of the good—at some stage, you have a valuable manuscript that you want to be published without further delay. If the error is of such a type that you really, really want to remove it from the publication, the first thing to do is talk to and reach an agreement with the coauthors so they support the decision, and then contact the editor of the journal. Together with the editor, you decide if a new version of record needs to be created. For this, you will have to write a corrigendum or an erratum, which will accompany the paper forever. PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Ten simple rules to make your publication look better PLOS Computational Biology | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008938 May 20, 2021 4 / 5


In order to make interaction with students and testing their knowledge easier for teachers, Edgar system was upgraded with an audience interaction system. Prior to the development process, a research was done on existing solutions, which enabled choosing the best suitable features, for example, which question types to support. The system is developed in a form of a real-time quiz, which teacher can navigate through and dictate the pace. The quiz was created as an Angular application with communication between teacher's and student's devices being achieved using the Socket.IO JavaScript library.


BASTOS, Caroline Peixoto. Detection, expression and prevalence of genes of classic enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food and outbreaks. 2013. 91f. Tese (Doutorado) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is among the bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, species more related to cases and/or outbreaks of food poisoning, which are caused by staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE). These bacteria can be easily found in foods of animal origin. From the 22 SE described in the bibliography, approximately 95% of food poisoning outbreaks are associated to classic SE (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and SEE). Thus, this study aimed at verifying the presence and the levels of expression of genes of classic SE in 13 S. aureus derived from different staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks which took place in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and S. aureus isolated of chicken carcass in southern Brazil, by PCR and PCR real time (qPCR). Moreover, evaluated the effects of temperature (8° and 12°C) and saline concentration (2,5% NaCl) in the levels of transcriptional expression of genes of classic SE S. aureus through mRNA analysis. It has been observed that, with exception two isolated derived from outbreaks, the other shave shown transcriptional expression equal or bigger than standard strain for at least one of the genes of classic enterotoxins. Moreover, it has been observed that four isolated have expressed genes of one enterotoxin, while the others have shown expressions of at least two enterotoxins genes.Although there is no information related to which enterotoxin has caused the food poisoning in the evaluated outbreaks, the prevalence of classic SE, along with high levels of transcriptional expression showed that one or more classic SE caused of food poisoning outbreaks in which the isolated of S. aureus were obtained. Twelve isolated of S. aureus originated from chicken carcass carried the genes of these SE, being that in only five has been observed the transcriptional expression. In the five isolated there was expression of more of SE gene, demonstrating their potential toxigenic. These five isolates and standard strains were submitted to four treatments: 1) in ideal S .aureus multiplication; 2) in saline concentration of 2,5 of NaCI; 3) with incubation temperature of 12°C and; 4) with incubation in temperature of 8°C. The saline concentration and the low temperatures interfere in the expressions of genes of classic SE diminishing their values, nevertheless, even in saline concentration of 2,5 and in temperature of 12°C the isolated have expressed the genes of classic SE, demonstrating their toxigenic potential. Temperatures of 8°C have shown to be more efficient in the control of gene expression of S. aureus classic SE.


CURRENT LITERATURE in psychology, sociology, education, and political science indicates that attitudes and opinions are of great concern to the social scientist. Other indicators of the importance given attitudes are the government and business public relations agencies employed to convey a favorable public "image." Why is a great amount of energy devoted to the study and creation of attitudes? Many studies indicate that attitudes correlate highly with behavior, and indeed, may cause behavior. Consequently, a knowledge of attitudes may provide insight into behavioral influences. This point has several ramifications for the educator: (a) the attitude toward learning and subject matter will influence learning; (b) attitude measurement will become as valuable as achievement measurement; and (c) awareness of attitudes will prove essential to teacher effectiveness. Music educators have become aware of the importance of attitudes. The Music Educators National Conference has appointed a director of public relations whose task is to generate favorable public opinion toward music education. Although music aptitude and achievement have been subject to considerable investigation, little research has been conducted in attitude formation.' This is the case even though the ostensible goal of nearly all music education, in both group and individual situations, is to engender appreciation of music. Thus, music educators engage in developing attitudes each day. Curriculum guides and methods books frequently list achievement of a positive student attitude as a primary educational objective. Achievement is usually the sole consideration, however, in measurement of educational outcomes of college courses. With adequate measurement, teachers could determine whether significant changes in attitudes resulted from specific methods of instruction. Teacher-devised and standardized texts are not always adequate, for they measure only in the cognitive domain. As Remmers points out, many achievement tests are limited to relatively simple skills and knowledge, which are not necessarily measures


Following the need for improvement of efficiency and quality of grinding operation, the design of dedicated six degree of freedom (6-DOF) robot is proposed. The mechanical structure of the 6-DOF grinding robot is derived considering the properties of grinded objects and the grinding head. The MDA350 grinding head produced by Mannesmann-Demag is considered as the tool. The direct and inverse kinematic problem is solved using Denavit-Hartenberg method. Next, the robot dynamics using the simulation method is investigated. Considering the actual working load, the strength of the relevant links is analyzed using ANSYS software.


Metal nanoparticles used as micronutrient fertilizers in cultivation to improve both the quality and the quantity of the crop have been extensively utilized. The application of these nano-formulations for animal feed needs to be determined the biosafety to the health of humans or animals. In this study, maize seeds were treated with nanoparticle copper (nCu) (20 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg dry weight (DW)) and their grain productions were used for chicken feed. After treatment, the chickens were monitored the survival rate and changes in body weight (BW) gain and finally were sacrified to determine morphology and/or function of systemic organs including liver, kidney and some others as well as analyze the mineral contents in the muscle tissues. As a result, the serum levels of ALT, AST and creatinine were not significantly different among the treatment groups as compared to the control group (p  0 05). In addition, the BW gain, the weight and morphology of the organs including liver, kidneys, heart, lungs and gastrointestinal tract were within normal limits and no significant difference among the groups was observed. However, the BW gains of the chickens, which were fed with maize grains attained from 1000 mg/kg DW nCu-treated seeds, tended to be less than that of the control chickens. Therefore, maize grains derived from 20 mg/kg DW nCu-treated seeds are safe to feed chickens.