Iospilids are a small, inconspicuous group of holopelagic polychaetes that dwell in the upper layers of tropical, temperate, and cold waters of the world. Representatives of this interesting and infrequent group were collected during four oceanographic cruises off the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, northwest Caribbean Sea. Three of the four species currently known in the family were recorded: Iospilus phalacroides Viguier, 1886, Phalacrophorus pictus Greeff, 1879, and P. uniformis Reibisch, 1895. The latter was the most common species in the area; it occurred during the four cruises and represented more than 92% of the total iospilid specimens caught; it was slightly more abundant in nighttime samples. New observations of reproduction-related morphological variations and sexual dimorphism are presented for P. uniformis. These may be regarded as morphological adaptations to the planktic mode of life thus favouring the efficiency of the reproductive process in the water column. These are the first records of the family Iospilidae in the Caribbean Basin. Revised generic and species diagnoses, taxonomic illustrations and notes, and an identification key are given here for the species recorded in the Caribbean.


This essay summarizes the teaching modes and methods in high vocational education on natural drug and medicine,which successfully guides the students in their studies and helps cultivate their profound love in this subject.It is a shining example in research and exploitation of quality education in collage in natural drug and medicine education.


The problem of cooperation of a preschool institution with preschoolers' families is considered, some methods for forming parents' subject attitude as educators of their children in the educational process organized by the children's garden being proposed.


Background. Thalidomide is one of the most prescribed regimens upfront in eNDMM, e.g. elderly myeloma, essentially as melphalan-prednisone-Thalidomide (MPT). Several options are offered at 1 st and 2 nd relapse to patients initially exposed to Thalidomide with either bortezomib or lenalidomide-based therapy. On the other hand, the second most prescribed drug in elderly myeloma upfront is Bortezomib, primarily as Bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone (VMP), the 2nd standard of care upfront in Multiple Myeloma (MM) ineligible for transplantation. Interestingly, lenalidomide is the drug of choice at first relapse in the vast majority of cases in most countries where lenalidomide is approved at first relapse and beyond. In this situation, it is likely that the patients would not receive thalidomide throughout the disease course of myeloma. We sought to analyse whether patients not exposed to thalidomide upfront, and that were solely exposed to the 2 drugs, bortezomib-based regimen and lenalidomide-based therapy would have a lower survival than patients exposed to all 3 drugs, e.g. thalidomide, lenaldiomide and bortezomib. Method. A total of 145 patients were recruited in this multicentric study, 46,2% were in the thalidomide upfront exposed arm and 53,8% had never been exposed to thalidomide. Patients were required to be aged ≥65 years, NDMM treated with either thalidomide upfront or never been exposed to thalidomide upfront or later in the myeloma disease course. If not exposed to thalidomide, the patients were to have received bortezomib upfront and lenalidomide first relapse or vice versa. In the thalidomide group, all patients had MPT initially for a median of 8 cycles (range 3 - 12), at a median dose of thalidomide of 100mg/day (50-200), with 11% dose reduction. In the non-exposed thalidomide group, all patients had bortezomib upfront, patients received Vd, VCd or VMP upfront; lenalidomide was then given at first relapse to all patients. The median dose administered of bortezomib was 1.3mg/m², for a median of 5 cycles (2-9). Results. Overall, the median age was 73 years (range, 65 - 85), with 35% aged >75. The M/F ratio was 1.1, 38% were ISS 3, the median b2m was 5.5mg/L, 26% had an ECOG score ≥ 2, 42% had renal insufficiency, 11% had elevated LDH, 8% presence of plasmacytoma, and 14% had adverse FISH (del17p, t(4;14) and or t(14;16)). There was no difference in patients9 characteristics across studied groups, according to exposure or not to thalidomide. With a median follow-up of 5 years, 60% have died overall; 69% in the thalidomide exposed group versus 52% in the thalidomide non-exposed group (p=0.027). The median OS of thalidomide exposed patients was 55.7 months (46;65) versus 44 months (35;53) in the thalidomide non exposed patients (p=0.079). In the thalidomide exposed group, the median PFS of the thalidomide, bortezomib then lenalidomide lines were 27 months (24;30), 11 months (8;13) and 13 months (10;15). In the thalidomide non-exposed group, the median PFS of bortezomib then lenalidomide lines were 17 months (13;21) and 13 months (6;20). We then studied the survival of patients from onset of first relapse in the thalidomide exposed group, e.g. upon treatment with bortezomib, followed by lenalidomide at subsequent relapse, 22.5 months (10;34) compared to patients in the thalidomide non-exposed group that received bortezomib upfront and lenalidomide at first relapse, 44 months (35;53), p=0.005. Conclusion. Overall, thalidomide exposed versus non exposed groups had similar OS, while OS was significantly lower in the thalidomide exposed patients at first relapse onset versus in the thalidomide non exposed patients from diagnosis. This data seems to recommend use of bortezomib- and lenalidomide-based regimens as early as possible in the myeloma disease course, but not to abandon thalidomide. Study of the impact of thalidomide in the post bortezomib, lenalidomide and pomalidomide era might thus be important to study and optimize. Disclosures Karlin: Amgen: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Sandoz: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Legros: BMS: Speakers Bureau; ARIAD: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Garderet: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy. Hulin: Celgene Corporation: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria. Stoppa: Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria. Moreau: Janssen: Other: Adboard; Novartis: Other: Adboard; Takeda: Other: Adboard; Amgen: Other: Adboard; Celgene: Honoraria, Other: Adboard. Facon: Celgene: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Millenium: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Onyx: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pierre Fabre: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Zweegman: Janssen: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Takeda: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. MACRO: celgene: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; jansen: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; millenium: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Terpos: Janssen: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding. Leleu: LeoPharma: Honoraria; Pierre Fabre: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; TEVA: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Chugai: Honoraria.


Weare interested in the feeding preferences of marine herbivorous gastropods and have already isolated two kinds of feeding stimulants, digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG) and phosphatidylcholines (PC), for a young abalone, Haliotis discus, from a brown alga, Undaria pinnatifida} ~ 3) The water extracts of green algae, Ulva spp., were suggested to contain some feeding stimulants for seahares, Aplysia spp., by Frings et al.4) and Care foot.5'6) Some amino acids are knownto elicit a phagostimuratory response in some Aplysia spp.7) In our preliminary experiment we found that ether extracts of a green alga, Ulva sp., stimulated the feeding behavior of a seahare, Aplysia Juliana. Careful observation of the


Faced with the common problems of the higher vocational colleges in our country,we have made and analysis on the teaching model of the combination of production,study and research.It is pointed out that the cooperation between school and enterprise is a model of deeper combination of production,study and research.to the advantage of innovative running of school.It is a new way of development for higher vocational colleges.


Many real dynamic systems are better characterized using a non-integer order dynamic model based on fractional calculus. Traditional calculus is based on integer order differentiation and integration. The concept of fractional calculus has tremendous potential to change the way we see, model, and control the nature around us. In this paper, we propose a Fractional Order Controller for an underactuated mechanical system named Double Inverted Pendulum on a Cart system (DIPOAC). The proposed system has three degrees-of-freedom and one control input. The mathematical model is derived using Lagrangian method and the stabilization is achieved with constraints using Fractional Order Controller. Simulation are performed to validate the control law and compared with Integer Order Controller.


Research on living standards of the past have experienced great improvements in the last decades. But, when dealing with international comparison, methodological issues arise. Here we seek to find the coverage of a basic "Bare Bone Basket" in different parts of Argentina for the year 1875, through a very interesting source: the report of the Comisario General de Inmigracion, offering data on salaries and food prices for cities in the 14 Argentine provinces of that time. The results show: a) a relatively high standard of living when compared with several European cities; but also b) strong diversity inside the country, consistent with internal areas of expulsion and attraction of migrants. Concluding remarks stress the need of a deeper knowledge of local family group structure, and the extent of wage system, in order to assess realistic comparisons, both international or between different regions in a single country.


Three young adults are described with features of lichen verrucosus et reticularis of Kaposi (porokeratosis of Nékam). Serological evidence of toxoplasmosis (active or recent infection) was found in all three. Marked improvement on appropriate treatment occurred in the one patient who presented evidence of systemic toxoplasmosis.


Many workers operate in environments that are inherently hazardous and that are subject to strict health and safety rules and regulations. We envisage a world in which physical work artefacts such as tools, are augmented with intelligent mobile nodes that are able to observe the working activities taking place, evaluate compliance with health and safety regulations and assist or actively enforce compliance with these regulations. This vision creates a new field of work in the area of health and safety aware intelligent mobile sensor networks. In this paper we describe a number of new challenges faced when developing mobile systems for compliance with health and safety regulations.


Mitogenic regulation by caveolin‐2 in response to insulin was investigated. Insulin triggered phosphorylation of caveolin‐2 on tyrosine 19. Insulin increased the interaction between pY19‐caveolin‐2 and phospho‐ERK, and that interaction was inhibited by a MEK inhibitor U0126. Insulin‐induced interaction of caveolin‐2 with phospho‐ERK was prevented when tyrosine 19 is mutated to alanine. Insulin relocalized phospho‐ERK and pY19‐caveolin‐2 to the nucleus and their nuclear co‐localization was impaired by U0126. Down‐regulation of caveolin‐2 by caveolin‐2 siRNA arrested the insulin‐induced nuclear localization of ERK with no change in the insulin‐stimulated ERK activation. Of consequence, the caveolin‐2 siRNA attenuated the ERK‐mediated c‐Jun and cyclinD1 expression and DNA synthesis by insulin. In addition, actin cytoskeleton influenced the nuclear translocation of caveolin‐2‐ERK complex. Collectively, our findings underscore the importance of pY19‐caveolin‐2 with the spatial coordination by insulin in ERK‐mediated mitogenic regulation of insulin signalling and indicate that the phosphorylation of pY19‐caveolin‐2 is required for actin cytoskeleton‐dependent ERK nuclear import.


To analyze the vibration of vehicle excited by consecutive speed control hump on highway,the chaotic dynamic behavior of a nonlinear 2-DOF suspension system was discussed to avoid the appeared chaos.A static excitation model of speed control hump was set up and the correlative function of dynamic excitation was presented by analysing the form and parameters of the continuous speed control humps on the specific section of expressway.Frequency condition that could result in chaotic vibration was obtained and the relationship among the speed,the parameters of humps and chaotic motion was established by investigating chaotic vibrations for a nonlinear vehicle suspension model with numerical simulation.The results show that the chaotic motion may occur as the vehicle moves over consecutive speed control humps,the chaotic motion can be controlled by using state variable feedback.


Employing the improved China Energy and Environmental Policy Analysis (CEEPA) model, a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model, this study aims to examine the distributional impacts of a carbon tax in China on households over different income groups. The effects of different complementary measures were also analysed. The results indicate that without any protections for households, a carbon tax will widen the income and welfare gap not only between urban and rural but also within urban groups, though it could have a weakly progressive effect within the rural. If the carbon tax revenue is used to reduce indirect tax whilst appropriately increasing government transfers to rural households and vulnerable urban groups in proportion to population, the distributional deterioration caused by the carbon tax could be effectively mitigated, and the negative impact on the living standards of households over all income groups could be alleviated while maintaining emission reductions and minimising the overall socio-economic impacts.


Activity of a crude biosurfactant extracted from the culture fluid of Serratia sp. that was isolated from riverbed soil was shown to increase in proportion to the cultivation time, and was higher at pH 8 than at pH 7. Serratia sp. grew in the mineral-based medium with soybean oil but was not with kerosene-diesel. The petroleum-degrading bacteria—Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Paracoccus sp., and Cupriavidus sp.—were isolated from a specially designed enrichment culture. The efficiency of mineralization of wastewater contaminated with kerosene and diesel (WKD) by the petroleum-degrading bacterial community (PDBC) was enhanced significantly by addition of the crude biosurfactant. The efficiency of mineralization of the WKD was also about 2 times boosted by co-culture of Serratia sp. and PDBC. Bacterial community of Serratia sp. and PDBC co-cultivated in the WKD was maintained for at least 8 days according to the TGGE pattern of 16S rDNA obtained from the bacterial culture. In conclusion, the co-culture of Serratia sp. and PDBC is an applicable technique for the mineralization of wastewater contaminated with petroleum, which may substitute for chemical or biological surfactant.


circular.fashion aims to eliminate waste in the fashion and textile industries by helping retailers embrace fashion circularity as a pillar of their business.


The purpose of this paper is to review the extant literature on Airbnb – one of the most significant recent innovations in the tourism sector – to assess the research progress that has been accomplished to date.,Numerous journal databases were searched, and 132 peer-reviewed journal articles from various disciplines were reviewed. Key attributes of each paper were recorded, and a content analysis was undertaken.,A survey of the literature found that the majority of Airbnb research has been published quite recently, often in hospitality/tourism journals, and the research has been conducted primarily by researchers in the USA/Canada and Europe. Based on the content analysis, the papers were divided into six thematic categories – Airbnb guests, Airbnb hosts, Airbnb supply and its impacts on destinations, Airbnb regulation, Airbnb's impacts on the tourism sector and the Airbnb company. Consistent findings have begun to emerge on several important topics, including guests' motivations and the geographical dispersion of listings. However, many research gaps remain, so numerous suggestions for future research are provided.,By reviewing a large body of literature on a fairly novel and timely topic, this research provides a concise summary of Airbnb knowledge that will assist industry practitioners as they adapt to the recent rapid emergence of Airbnb.,This is the first paper to review the extant literature specifically about Airbnb.,本论文旨在审视过去文献对Airbnb的研究-旅游业中最显著发明之一-以衡量迄今为止的研究发展历程。,经过大量文献搜索,共132份同行评审型期刊文章,来自不同研究领域,被作者审阅。每个文章的关键词被摘抄出来,本论文采用内容分析方法来分析文本。,经过文献综述,作者发现大多数Airbnb研究都发表在近几年,往往发表在酒店/旅游期刊。期刊文章作者集中在美国/加拿大和欧洲。基于内容分析结果,发表的期刊文章被分类在六个主题-Airbnb顾客、Airbnb服务提供主、Airbnb供应商、以及其对旅游目的地的影响,Airbnb规范、Airbnb对旅游行业的影响、以及Airbnb公司。研究结果还归纳出几项重要的话题,包括顾客动机和民宿地理分布。然而,大多数研究空缺仍然存在,因此,本论文总结出多项未来研究方向。,本论文通过审阅大量较新和及时的文献,对Airbnb的相关知识进行了精准梳理,这个研究结果对从业者适应Airbnb较新较快发展的现象,有着实践意义。,本论文是首篇审阅有关Aribnb文献的文章。,Airbnb、文献综述、共享经济、P2P、短期出租


The therapy of cardiovascular disease with stem cell transplantation has advanced greatly in animal experiment and clinical test. Applying efficient techniques to noninvasively monitor and track stem cell transplantation and dynamically observe the cell distribution and migration accelerate the development of stem cell therapies in both animal experiments and clinical applications. With the development of various imaging techniques and contrast agents in vivo tracking of stem cells transplantation in cardiovascular disease,optical imaging,radionuclide imaging and magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed in this article.


The article is devoted to the problems of criminal law consequences of socially dangerous acts that are not criminal (compulsory medical measures and compulsory educational measures). The author conducts a study of judicial practice in this category of cases and draws conclusions about current trends in law enforcement.


Clinical studies have identified differences in analgesic requirements between men and women, but research conducted in animals to identify the


Two hypotheses were tested: that ratings of appropriate prison sentences would be increased by the vulnerability of the victim, and that these ratings would be increased by the extent to which the victim was responsible for the crime. For 90 introductory social psychology students as subjects the first hypothesis was supported, but the second hypothesis rejected since a marginally significant effect was found in the direction opposite to the one predicted. Females gave greater prison terms (marginally statistically significant) but this seemed to be due to features of the crime involved rather than a general tendency for females to be more punitive.


Objective To investigate in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the rate and reason of discontinuation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists over the past decade. Methods RA patients in BIOBADASER 2.0 were stratified according to the start date of their first TNF antagonist into 2000–3, 2004–6 and 2007–9 interval years. Cumulative incidence function of discontinuation for inefficacy or toxicity was estimated with the alternative reason as competing risk. Competing risks regression models were used to measure the association of study groups with covariates and reasons for discontinuation. Association is expressed as subhazard ratios (SHR). Results 2907 RA patients were included in the study. Competing risk regression for inefficacy shows larger SHR for patients starting treatment in 2004–6 (SHR 2.57; 95% CI 1.55 to 4.25) and 2007–9 (SHR 3.4; 95% CI 2.08 to 5.55) than for those starting in 2000–3, after adjusting for TNF antagonists, clinical activity and concomitant treatment. Competing risk regression analysis for adverse events revealed no differences across the three time intervals. Conclusions In RA, the discontinuation rate of TNF antagonists in the first year of treatment is higher more recently than a decade ago, inefficacy being the main reason for the increased rate. The rate of discontinuation for adverse events has remained stable.


*) To be published in the Proceedings of the hCFA-CEKN Workshop on the Feasibility of Hadron Colliders in the LEP Tunnel, Lausanne and Geneva, March 1984. A preliminary version was also included in the "Workshop on Fixed Target Physics at the SSC", Texas, 1984. CERN-Th.3892/84 May 1984 ~k NEUTRINO AND MUON PHYSICS IN THE COLLIDER MODE OF FUTURE ACCELERATORS ) A. De Rfijula and R. Riickl CERN, Geneva, Switzerland ABSTRACT Extracted beams and fixed target facilities at future colliders (the SSC and the LHC) may be (respectively) hnpaired by economic and "ecological" considerations. Neutrino and muon physics in the multi—TeV range would appear not to be an option for these machines. We partially reverse this conclusion by estimating the characteristics of the "prompt" vu, ve, VT and u beams necessarily produced (for free) at the pp or pp intersections. The neutrino beams from a high luminosity (pp) collider are not much less intense than the neutrino beam from the collider's dump, but require no muon shielding. The muon beams from the same intersections are intense and energetic enough to study up and uN interactions with considerable statistics and a Q —coverage well beyond the presently available one. The physics program allowed by these lepton beams is a strong advocate of machines with the highest possible luminosity: pp (not pp) colliders. INTRODUCTION The interactions of muons and muon—neutrinos with nucleons have not been experimentally studied with beams of energy in the TeV range. The vemfinteractions have been analysed in detail only at energies characteristic of B~decay. Not a single vT has ever been seen to interact in a detector. These are sufficient reasons to justify a us, up, vT "program" at any future high energy facility, but one can say even more. Much of the interest of v'and u~scattering physics resides in the study of the deep inelastic nucleon structure functions Fi(x,Q2). Their measurements in light nuclei (H, D) ' L 1 are still statistically lhnited. In heavier targets (such as C and Fe) errors in F2 are dominated by systematics and errors in xFY are both statistical and systematic. In neutrino experiments the systematic errors are dominated by the imprecision of hadron calorimetry, and would decrease with energy as E"%. Errors in the measurement of the QZ—evolution of the non—singlet structure function n jeopardize the cleanest tests of QCD. Very little is known about the ratio OL/OT. No experiments measuring u » vu transitions have been performed. Besides testing conventional expectations, lepton scattering at higher energies could also reveal "nonstandard" physics: right—handed currents, new particle production, substructure of quarks and/or leptons, etc.1). Clearly much remains to be done in neutrino and muon physics. Two high energy hadron colliders are now seriously discussedz). The American SSC would be a 20—on—20 TeV pp collider, for which we shall assume a luminosity fl = 1033 cm'2 5—1. The European LHC, to be placed atop LEP, may be a pp or pp machine. We shall assume the LHC beam energy to be 8 TeV, and the luminosity to be 1033 (1031) cm'2 s'1 for the pp (pp) options. We allege in this paper that the production and prompt decay of charmed particles at the collider's intersection points is the source of energetic and highly collimated lepton beams, whose interest for physics is not negligible. The geometry and origin of these beams *) A preliminary version was also included in the 'Mbrkshop on Fixed Target Physics at the SSC", Texas, 1984. 1


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Lis1 (green) accumulates at the nuclear envelope and helps control its breakdown. Before chromosomes can go their separate ways during mitosis, the nuclear envelope has to dissolve. As

[Hebbar et al.][2] reveal, breakdown of the membrane might influence the fate of


"In any painting, as in any other work of art, there is always an idea, never a story. The idea is the point of departure, the first cause of the plastic construction, and it is present all the time as energy creating matter. The stories and other literary associations exist only in the mind of the spectator, the painting acting on the stimulus." JOSÉ CLEMENTE OROZCO (1883-1949), Mexican painter, ["New World, New Races, and New Art," Creative Art Magazine, January 1929.]


Since 1983 there has been a steady increase in the number of cases of measles reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), and recent large-scale outbreaks have heightened public awareness. Although mortality from measles is considered rare, systemic complications occur frequently. This case highlights the significant morbidity and potential mortality of measles infection in a normal adult host who did not meet CDC guidelines for measles vaccination.


BPEL modeling technique based on object Petri net is proposed in this paper.An approach to extend abstract BPEL processes to executable ones is also provided,which guarantees the conformance to the business protocol specified by the abstract BPEL process.BPEL2OPN is used to simulate running the resulting model.


There are different kinds of conflicts in international business and different conflicts result in different resolutions and costs. So it is very important to make a good choice between arbitration and jurisdiction.The essay focuses on the comparison of the two procedures by using the economic analysis theory .Then it comes to the conclusion that arbitration is much more convenient and available to businessmen in international business.


The compact polarimetric (CP) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can provide more target information than the conventional dual-pol or single-pol SAR configuration. However, the accurate delineation of the complex urban area is quite a challenge using the $\pi/4$ mode CP SAR. Based on the Stokes vector, we investigated the potential to use the $\pi/4$ mode CP SAR in the urban target detection. With the introducing parameter of $r$, a newly modified algorithm was studied. Then, we simulated the $\pi/4$ mode CP data from the fully polarimetric (quad-pol) ALOS/PALSAR data and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The algorithm elevated the double-bounce scattering but suppressed the volumetric scattering in urban areas.


Public administration, including mental health, faces a crisis in leadership and leadership training. The International Initiative for Mental Health Leadership (IIMHL) through its Leadership Exchanges, Network Meetings, and knowledge sharing is a global leader in sharing best practices to transform mental health. This issue of the International Journal of Mental Health brings together articles that describe key issues in global mental health and discusses ways to support mental health leadership development.


Effects of several geometric parameters on the internal performance of nonaxisymmetric convergent-divergent, single-ramp expansion, and wedge nozzles were investigated at nozzle pressure ratios up to approximately 10. In addition, two different thrust-vectoring schemes were investigated with the wedge nozzle. The results indicated that as with conventional round nozzles, peak nonaxisymmetric nozzle, internal performance occurred near the nozzle pressure ratio required for fully expanded exhaust flow. Nozzle sidewall length or area generally had little effect on the internal performance of the nozzles investigated.


The field distribution of the mode in a ferrite-filled coaxial cavity, which converges towards the TEM mode in the isotropic case, is discussed.


A solution-processable erbium-ytterbium codoped complex is synthesized. The absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the complex are observed. The full width at half maximum of the emission spectrum is 80 nm around 1530 nm. A structure of embedded waveguide with the complex as core layer is designed. With an input signal power of 0.3 mW, an optical gain of 5.2 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm is obtained in a 15-mm-long waveguide when the cladding layer is SU-8. When the cladding layer is polymethyl methacrylate, an optical gain of 6.5 dB is obtained in a 12-mm-long waveguide with an input signal power of 1 mW.


We use first-principles calculations based on density functional theory to investigate the magnetic exchange interaction of Fe clusters on Rh(111) and Ru(0001). We consider dimers, trimers, tetramers, and pentamers of different shape in fcc and hcp stacking as well as infinite atomic and biatomic chains. From the dimer calculations we extract the exchange interaction as a function of adatom distance by mapping total energies to a Heisenberg model. The nearest-neighbor (NN) exchange constant is about one order of magnitude smaller than reported for other substrates due to the strong hybridization between the Fe atoms and the partly filled $4d$-band of the surface. We also find a transition from a ferromagnetic NN exchange interaction for Fe dimers on Rh(111) to an antiferromagnetic one on Ru(0001). The distance-dependent exchange coupling displays a RKKY-like oscillatory behavior which is nearly inverted for Fe dimers on the Rh(111) surface compared to those on Ru(0001). Unexpectedly, for Fe clusters beyond dimers, a complex trend of the magnetic ground state is observed which alternates between ferro- and antiferromagnetic configurations depending on cluster size and shape. In view of the exchange constants obtained for dimers, it is surprising that on both surfaces small compact clusters are ferromagnetic while open structures such as linear trimers or tetramers become antiferromagnetic. We demonstrate that both vertical and lateral structural relaxations of the clusters are crucial in order to understand this unexpected trend of magnetic order and connected to the competition of direct ferromagnetic exchange among Fe atoms in the cluster and the hybridization with the substrate.


A photonic method to generate hybrid binary digitally modulated radio frequency (RF) signals (i.e. ASK, PSK, and FSK) by using a polarization-division-multiplexed Mach-Zehnder modulator (PDM-MZM) is proposed. The PDM-MZM is driven by two RF signals with different carrier frequencies and two multiplied digital signals. By properly controlling the offsets and the amplitudes of the digital signals, ASK, PSK, and FSK signals can be generated and switched fastly. RF signals at 4/6 GHz and 10/15 GHz with switchable modulation formats are experimentally generated. Moreover, the performances of the generated signals are evaluated in a wireless transmission system and corresponding bit error rate (BER) curves of the signals are presented.


We demonstrate QuickUML, a tool which supports iterative design and code development by providing facilities to draw UML class diagrams, to generate Java code from such diagrams, and also to automatically generate a UML class diagram from a collection of Java source code files. We also discuss how use of the tool provides general support for teaching students the importance of design in software development.


Currently, resistance to Distance Education [DE] is a significant and relevant problem. The objective of this research was to make a bibliographic research able to identify the main causes of resistance to DE in Corporate Education [CE], and develop a questionnaire to help organizations measure the main causes of the resistance in question, and so minimize it. From studies on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology [UTAUT], on the Resistance to Information Technology [IT] and on Resistance to DE, was developed a model that seeks to explain the causes of resistance to DE in the CE. The knowledge obtained showed that such resistance is caused by eight factors: Self-Efficacy, Competence in IT, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Interactivity and Internal Communication. These results may provide support in making managerial decisions on implementation and maintenance of distance learning courses.


of officials and citizens" and "reinforced in child-rearing and other forms of cultural conditioning" (p. 51)—not the least extraordinary because in such a society one would scarcely expect to find 18.7 million people taking to the streets to protest their government's foreign policy. Havens does much better analyzing Japan-U.S. relations, particularly Sato's adroit parlaying of diplomatic support of the American war into a U.S. commitment to return the Ryukyu Islands early. Visiting Washington late in 1967, Sato dutifully reported to the National Press Club that on his recent Southeast Asian tour, he had found "widespread support" for "free-world efforts to cope with communist intervention and infiltration." On the same day, November 15, President Lyndon B. Johnson announced that the Ryukyu Islands would be returned "within a few years." In November 1969, President Richard Nixon rewarded Sato for his unswerving support by pledging to return Okinawa in 1972. Correctly anticipating that a prior U.S. commitment on Okinawa would diminish public opposition to renewing the security treaty, Sato skillfully used the Vietnam War to surmount the greatest challenge of his eight-year administration: pushing the Japan-U.S. security pact through the Diet at a time when U.S. prestige was at a postwar low. Despite the Nixon "shocks" of 1971, Sato was able to retire with the new security treaty signed and Japanese sovereignty restored. Although Fire Across the Sea illuminates Japan-U.S. diplomacy during the Vietnam War years, the treatment of political and cultural developments is less insightful. The reader learns a great deal about the emergence of Beheiren (Citizens' Federation for Peace in Vietnam) as the standard bearer of the "new left," relations between the "new" and the "old" left antiwar movements, and the increasing militancy of the street demonstrations; the role of the Japanese print media, especially the Asahi newspaper, in mobilizing public opinion against the war; and efforts by U.S. and Japanese authorities to censor the media and harass antiwar activists. But, despite a wealth of information on these and other topics, Havens never digs very deep and fails to capture the spirit of the times. In Japan as in most of the industrialized world, the Vietnam War era was a period of extraordinary social, political, and cultural movement. Unfortunately, Fire Across the Sea fails to make this historic moment come alive.


For odd n>=3, we consider a general hypothetical identity for the differences S_{n,0}(x) of multiples of n with even and odd digit sums in the base n-1 in interval [0,x), which we prove in the cases n=3 and n=5 and empirically confirm for some other n. We give a verification algorithm for this identity for any odd n. The hypothetical identity allows to give a general recursion for S_{n,0}(x) for every integer x depending on the residue of x modulo p(n)=2n(n-1)^{n-1}, such that p(3)=24, p(5)=2560, p(7)=653184, etc.


In this paper, governments maximize their political support, obtained by creating wealth and also by creating rent. Starting from a support maximum, economic reforms are feasible only when combined with political reforms that make the economic changes support-increasing. A competitive economy with low rent seeking and low protectionism maximizes support only when inclusiveness, as defined here, is high. When support is maximized, political stability depends on the sensitivity of support to changes in rent and wealth, and the quest for support causes inclusiveness to change. Depending on comparative political advantage, it can become either the road to serfdom or the road to an inclusive society. The approach here contrasts with selectorate theory in which political advantage depends on the size of a 'winning coalition.' JEL Classifications: D72, H00, H19.


Proton sideband spectrum deconvolution NMR and deuterium pulse Fourier transform spectra have been obtained for the stable tri-p-anisylaminium cation free radical and for its 2,6,2',6',2'',6''-d/sub 6/, 2,3,5,6,2', 3',5',6',2'',3'',5'', 6''-d/sub 12/, and methyl-d/sub 9/ derivatives. The proton or deuterium line separations so obtained permit the unambiguous assignment of electron-proton hyperfine coupling constants for this radical: a/sub ortho/ = -1.76 +- 0.10, a/sub meta/ = 0.61 +- 0.02, and a/sub methyl/ = 0.65 +- 0.02 G. These assignments neglect possible isotope effects on the spin distribution and coupling constants; if present, these effects are too small to evaluate reliably with data of the precision currently available.


In 2005 Hurricane Katrina swept across the Gulf Coast and New Orleans. Thousands of people, mostly Black people, were unable to leave New Orleans as the flooding destroyed their houses and left them to fend for themselves on roofs, on bridges, and in the Superdome. Millions of people from around the world sent clothes, food, and other assistance to the people of the region. Many of the hardships they endured reminded us of the Middle Passage and slavery as family members were separated from each other, people were lost in the water, and thousands of people were sent places with little or information about where they were going or what they would do once they got there (Harriford and Thompson, 2008). The disaster laid bare decades of racism and classism as those with the fewest resources were the least likely to be able to protect their families and their property, hold onto jobs and health care benefits, and gain access to vital recovery resources. While the disaster threw us back in time—to the history of slavery in the United States—the organizing since Katrina has catapulted us forward, with activist strategies that both draw upon the race and class consciousness of the 1960s while extending a reach transnationally. This organizing is providing a multiracial, feminist, model of organizing that we believe is both unprecedented and transformative.


Objective: To observe the clinical curative effect of pricking therapy on acne.Methods: 120 cases of acne patients were randomly divided into two groups.60 cases in treatment group were treated with pricking therapy combined with decoction orally taken and Mei-lu Xiao-cuo Paste externally used.The other 60 cases in control group were treated with decoction orally taken and Mei-lu Xiao-cuo Paste externally used.Result: In treatment group 38 cases were cured,14 cases were effective,6 cases stable,and 2 cases ineffective.The total effective rate was 96.7%.In control group 20 cases were cured,6 cases were effective,12 cases stable,and 12 cases ineffective.The total effective rate was 80.0%.There was significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05)Conclusion: Pricking therapy combined with decoction for oral administration and Mei-lu Xiao-cuo Paste for external application has good and reliable curative effect on acne.


Objective In collagenous colitis, the production of nitric oxide in the colon is found to be 50 to 100-fold higher than in healthy controls. The role of nitric oxide in collagenous colitis is debated and it has been suggested that nitric oxide has a causative role in diarrhoea. The aim of this study was to examine the possible effect of budesonide treatment on the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA. Methods In 20 patients with collagenous colitis, clinical activity was assessed by registration of the daily stool frequency and stool weight. Sigmoidoscopy was performed and biopsies for histological examination and one biopsy for determination of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA was obtained in 16 patients. Results Budesonide treatment was followed by a significant reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA (P<0.01) whereas no change was observed after placebo treatment. Significant correlations between inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA and the grade of inflammation (ρ=0.47; P<0.01), the daily stool weight (ρ=0.51; P<0.005) and the daily stool frequency (ρ=0.49; P<0.005) were observed. No significant association was observed between inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA and the thickness of the collagen layer. Conclusions In patients with collagenous colitis, treatment with budesonide results in a reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA. The level of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA in colonic mucosa correlates with the inflammatory and clinical activity. The results support that nitric oxide is a central factor in the pathogenesis of collagenous colitis.


Approximately 2,100 (30% of the world's) languages are spoken in Africa (Lewis, 2009), with multilingualism a defining characteristic of the continent.

Keywords:

bilingualism;
Eastern Africa;
language policy;
Southern Africa;
Western Africa;
multilingualism


The purpose of this study is to analyze integration initiatives that aim to bring states of a region and deepen a cohesive regionalization in South America, but at the same time may become regional security issues. We will focus our work in the Amazon and some transnational projects Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA) that fall in the region and look at some recent events in Axis Bolivia-Peru-Brazil.Iniciativa para la Integracion de la Infraestructura Regional Suramericana (IIRSA) que afectan a la region, asi como en el analisis de algunos acontecimientos recientes del Eje Bolivia-Peru-Brasil.


Solution of different scientific, ecological and agricultural tasks with the use of aerospace im-ages comprises a procedure of image classification. Classification is one of the most important procedures. Nowadays many supervised and unsupervised classification methods are applied in remote sensing. The most accurate results are obtained through the use of supervised classifica-tion methods. In this paper, there are proposed some new approaches to image classification which are based on supervised classification methods and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Different values of NDVI are noted to correspond to different classes of objects, such as soil, water, roads, sand, green vegetation, oil spills. Application of Vegetation Index is the first step of classification. Using NDVI, it is possible to select special necessary classes. Af-ter the application of NDVI, such classification methods as the parallelepiped method, Demp-ster's rule, and Inagaki's combination rule can be used. The current work describes the main advantages of these classification methods. It has been noted that the use of the parallelepiped method allows easy and quick processing of data. The paper also shows that Dempster's combi-nation rule and Inagaki's combination rule can deal with inaccurate and incomplete data from different spectral bands. Moreover, these methods can process conflicting information. Demp-ster-Shafer theory has the advantage of high accuracy and simple calculations. In the paper, there is also considered a numerical example where NDVI and Inagaki's combination rule has been used for detection and mapping of oil spills. Application of Vegetation Index and such su-pervised classification rules as the parallelepiped method, Dempster's rule, Inagaki's combina-tion rule can be applied in ecological monitoring, mapping of petroleum spills, and solving ag-ricultural tasks.


This chapter traces the development of environmental law in Zimbabwe, focusing on how recently enacted environmental legislation provides a framework for the balancing of competing interests, interests that often must coexist and reinforce each other, namely, development and the protection of the environment. The balancing of interests has been happening since time immemorial, but what has changed or evolved are the politico-legal tools that are used by regulators and states to secure the necessary balance. One may also argue that while balance is difficult to achieve, perhaps we could aim to achieve harmonisation of these interests. From the point of view of the modern, nuanced approach to natural resources management, colonial models of environmental management were heavily skewed in favour of economic development through the unmitigated extraction of wealth from nature. Colonies were thus usually run in unsustainable ways. But equally it can be argued that the postcolonial state has done little to promote sustainable development. Environmental law and policy reforms are clearly of a young lineage in Africa, having started in earnest in the late 1990s. However, many countries, including Zimbabwe, still retain several colonial environmental laws.


................................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ xi CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................................................


Novartis has taken a major step toward launching the first flu vaccine to be produced in mammalian cells rather than in chicken eggs. A European advisory committee has recommended approval for Optaflu, and the European Commission is expected to make a final ruling on the vaccine in two to three months. Making a flu vaccine in mammalian cells would represent a major manufacturing breakthrough that experts say could make the supply of flu vaccines more reliable. Manufacturing flu vaccines in chicken eggs has a host of disadvantages, says Hedwid Kresse, infectious disease analyst at Datamonitor. A firm using eggs needs six months of lead time to supply the market in time for flu season, and the number of doses manufactured is essentially fixed to the egg supply. Also, production of egg-based vaccines requires antibiotics, and they cannot be used by anyone allergic to egg-based products. After a shortage of flu ...


WenXinDiaoLong ShiZhuan,a special history comment article,established Chinese traditional historical theory's base and included its characteristics.Since modern time,Chinese traditional history was compacted by new history.So,studying history must absorb traditional and new history's advantage nowadays.


Molecular biomarkers are emerging as key indices for the management of patients with cancer and other significant diseases, but their potential has yet to be fully realized. Is there enough collaboration in place to optimize this care revolution?


OBJECTIVE To develop a HPLC-fluorescence method for determining tramadol(TMD)and the active metabolite O- demethyltramadol(ODT)in human plasma and to study pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tramadol tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers.METHODS A single dose of 100 mg tramadol orally disintegrating tablet and reference tramadol tablet was given to 20 healthy male volunteers according to a randomized cross-over design.The concentration of TMD and ODT in plasma was determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection after liquid-liquid extraction.A reverse phase C_(18)column( Diamonsil,4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)was used.The mobile phase was borax buffer (0.03 mol·L~(-1),containing 0.5% triethylamine,pH 4.0)-methanol(75: 25),and was delivered at 1.0 mL·min~(-1).The column temperature was maintained at 50℃.Fluorescence detection wavelength was set at 275 nm(excitation) and 304 nm(emission).The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability were studied.RESULTS The linearity of TMD and ODT were 1.0~600.0 and 1.0~300.0μg·L~(-1),respectively.The quantity limit of TMD and ODT both were 1.0μg·L~(-1).Intra-and inter-day precisions were both less than 5%.The TMD pharmacokinetic parameters of tested and reference tablet were t_(max)(2.2±1.0)and(1.9±0.9) h,ρ_(max)(350.4±66.0)and (339.0±73.2)μg·L~(-1),t_(1/2)(6.9±1.8)and(6.8±1.8) h,AUC_(0-t) (3953±1550) and (3703±1310)μg·h·L~(-1).The ODT pharmacokinetic parameters of tested and reference tablet were t_(max) (3.4±1.7) and (3.0±1.5) h,ρ_(max)(51.5±20.7) and (50.2±19.4)μg·L~(-1),t_(1/2)(7.8±2.0)and(7.5±1.8) h,AUC_(0~t) (744±200) and(691±141)μg·h·L~(-1).The relative bioavailability of tested to reference tablets calculated by TMD and ODT was (106.4±16.4)% and(107.5±17.2)% respectively.CONCLUSION A sensitive and accurate HPLC method was developed.The comparative bioequivalence study demonstrate that the two preparations are bioequivalent.


Two commonly used building energy simulation en- gines, EnergyPlus and DOE-2, can differ significantly in their calculations of window heating load. In this paper, the authors identify the issues in the window heat transfer algorithms used in detailed window models, and provide suggested changes to make the calculations more accu- rate. We estimate that up to 82% of the observed differ- ences can be resolved through the suggested changes. The methodology employed for this investigation in- volved programming the algorithms from the respective simulation engines in the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) so that the impact of each proposed change could be investigated and quantified independently.


This study aims to examine the effect of brand evaluation and brand relations on brand loyalty of MG Coffee and Resto in Pringsewu. The object of this research is MG Coffee and Resto in Pringsewu. The type of data used in this research is quantitative data. Methods of data collection by literature study and questionnaires with data testing techniques based on descriptive statistical analysis, validity test, reliability test, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing.
From the results of the analysis of this study it is known that brand evaluation has a significant positive effect on brand loyalty as evidenced by the t test value on brand evaluation of 8,846. Brand relations have a significant positive effect on brand loyalty as evidenced by the t test value on brand relations of 21,630.


We present a simple technique for measurement of power distributions along phase-shifted DFB lasers. This is used to locate the position of the built in phase shift and to determine the grating strength, as well as to determine the older of the operating longitudinal modes. We have also demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, directional fiber laser output by use of a true asymmetric phase-shifted DFB structure.


Prolonged use of potent topical corticosteroids can have systemic effects — for example, suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. But whether


The Hartree ensemble approximation is studied in the ``symmetric phase'' of 1+1 dimensional lambda phi^4 theory. In comparison with the ``broken phase'' studied previously, it is shown that the dynamical evolution of observables such as the particle distribution, energy exchange and auto-correlation functions, is substantially slower. Approximate thermalization is found only for relatively large energy densities and couplings.


Abstract This case report describes behavioral and neuropsychological function in a young man who experienced chronic exposure to elemental mercury at home from age 4 through 9 years. Data are presented on school history, behavior, and performance on standardized tests during the developmental period, and from a full neuropsychological evaluation at age 19 years, several years after environmental exposure had ended. These data specify the course of a decline in function as development proceeds. The patient's progress appeared normal in the preschool period but pronounced academic difficulties and persistent emotional irritability emerged during the elementary school years. At age 19 years, neuropsychological testing revealed diminished executive function, difficulties with language, problems with visuospatial orientation, deficiencies in tine motor control, and manual tremor. Tension, irritability, and depressive affect were evident as well as marked problems with academic performance. These findings sugg...


Background: Because of a bidirectional relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression, we aimed to investigate the association of the severity of diabetes with the risk of depression.
 Methods: Total 2,067,017 adults who diagnosis with T2DM excluding those diagnosed with depression before were identified from a nationwide population-based cohort in Korea. Diabetes mellitus (DM) severity scores consisted of insulin user, DM duration more than 5 years, using 3 or more oral hypoglycemic agents, and diagnosed with DM complications including chronic kidney disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes retinopathy. DM severity scores were calculated as 0 to 6.
 Results: As the DM severity score was increased, the frequency of depression was significantly increased, and the follow up period until the diagnosed with depression was significantly decreased. This tendency of increasing depression incidence was also significant in each components constituting the DM severity score.
 Conclusion: An increase in the severity of diabetes, represented by duration of diabetes, insulin or multi-drug use, and presence of major complications of diabetes, was associated with higher risk of depression. Physicians should carefully monitor whether depression develops in patients with uncontrolled diabetes in order to improve quality of life and achieve glycemic control goals.

 Y.Cho: None. K.Han: None. K.Jo: None. S.Moon: None. J.Han: None. E.Kim: None.


In this study, two different uniform placement methods are proposed for each of Tetrapod, Rakuna-IV, and Dimple armoring a rubble mound breakwater and the corresponding stability coefficients are determined by hydraulic experiments. The Tetrapod and Rakuna-IV show similar stability coefficients regardless of the placement methods, whereas the Dimple shows somewhat different stability coefficients depending on the placement methods. It is shown that the Dimple gives the largest stability coefficient, whereas the Tatrapod gives the smallest value. The uniform placement methods of Tatrapod and Rakuna-IV give slightly larger stability coefficients than the random placement, whereas the uniform placements of Dimple give much larger stability coefficients than the random placement. However, the small void ratio of uniform placements of Dimple requires attention because the blocks would behave like single layer system blocks so that brittle failure could occur.


Objective:To investigate the feasibility and effect of treating CHTR used by ADAM28 AS-ODN.Method:Antisense oligonucleotides technique,gene recombination,animal experiment and ELISA were used to detect the different effects of ADAM28 AS-ODN,S-ODN and eukaryotic plasmid on CHTR.Result:After medication in AS-ODN group,mobility of tooth lessened obviously,depth of pocket shallowed notably,the levels of COL-Ⅱ,IL-1β and PGE2 lowered significantly which showed inflammation healing trend.Every detection result as above mentioned displayed opposite in S-ODN group and eukaryotic plasmid group,and inflammation was rising strikingly.Conclusion:The use of ADAM28 AS-ODN(200 μmol/L)could effectively treat CHTR but optimal drug concentration and medication time need further investigation.


This study is aimed to assess the bioequivalence of two generic metronidazole tablets from different manufacturer using in vitro dissolution study under biowaiver conditions by uv-visible spectrophotometry. Dissolution media were USP buffer solutions at pH 1.2 (hydrochloric acid solution), pH 4.5 (acetate buffer solution), and pH 6.8 (phosphate buffer solution). Other general quality assessment tests of these tablets like weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and assay were also determined according to established methods. All brands complied with the official specification for uniformity of weight, friability and disintegration time. Assay of selected tablets revealed that all samples contained over 99% (w/w) of labeled chemical content. The dissolution profiles showed no significant inter brand and intra brand variability. Dissolution results of all the tablet formulations and the innovator brand were further analyzed with difference factor ( f1 ), similarity factor ( f2 ), and dissolution efficiency. These results indicated that both generic metronidazole tablets included in this investigation were bioequivalent with the chosen innovator brand and so may be used interchangeably. the present work was undertaken to evaluate the performance of our local products. Both branded versions and generic products of metronidazole tablets are available in market but people like to use generic products as they are far cheaper than its branded versions. Generic products can only be substituted with the branded version if they are bioequivalent with the innovator


INTRODUCTION
We aimed to determine the minimum cross-sectional ellipsoid area on magnetic resonance (MR) of intraprostatic nodules that best predicts for subsequent targeted biopsies revealing ≥ grade group (GG) 2 disease.

METHODS
Forty-six patients previously diagnosed with GG 1 prostate adenocarcinoma who received cognitively fused, MR-guided, transperineal targeted biopsies in addition to six random biopsies were included in this analysis. A Youden cutpoint analysis was used to determine the ellipsoid area in the axial plane best predicting for ≥GG 2 disease within the targeted biopsy cores and logistic regression used to assess the result.

RESULTS
Median time from MR imaging to targeted biopsy was 2.4 (1.4-5.5) months. Forty of 46 (87%) patients had one nodule and 6/46 (13%) had two separate nodules on MR that received targeted biopsy. Of the 52 nodules, five (10%), 33 (63%), and 14 (27%) were Prostate Imaging- Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 3, 4, and 5. Thirteen (25%), six (12%), and 33 (64%) were in the anterior, medial, and posterior regions of the prostate. Median area was 0.72 (0.49- 1.29) cm2 (average diameter 9.5 mm). Fifteen of 46 (33%) patients had ≥1 random biopsy and 20/52 (38%) nodules had ≥1 targeted biopsy revealing ≥GG 2 disease. The optimal area cutpoint was ≥0.7cm2, with an area under the curve of 0.671 (0.510-0.832). On logistic regression, areas ≥0.7 cm2 was solely predictive of targeted biopsy revealing ≥GG 2 disease (odds ratio 6.5, 1.3-32.4, p=0.022).

CONCLUSIONS
Nodule area ≥0.7 cm2 may predict for transperineal-based targeted biopsies being positive for ≥GG 2 disease when 1-2 cores are taken.


There are several reconfiguring models of parallel computation that are considered in the published literature, depending on their switching capabilities. Three of the more popular ones are the Horizontal-Vertical Reconfigurable Mesh (HV-RN model) [LM89a, LM89b, ML89], the Linear Reconfigurable Mesh (LRN model) [MPRS87, BPRS91], and the General Reconfigurable Mesh (RN model) [Wan91, Sch91]. Can these reconfigurable models (in particular two dimensional arrays) be the basis for the design of massively parallel computers? Perhaps the most basic related question is: given an algorithm which is designed for a large reconfigurable mesh, can it be executed efficiently on a smaller reconfigurable mesh? We call it the simulation problem. Despite the fact that machines already exist and a large number of efficient algorithms are known for reconfigurable arrays, this question was left open for all reconfiguring models of computation. In this work we give several positive answers to the simulation problem. We have the following results for the simulation of an n x n reconfiguring mesh by the p X P reconfiguring mesh. (1) Using standard techniques the simulation in the HV-RN model is carried optimally with slowdown 8«n/p)2). (2) Although using the same method fails for the LRN model, a novel technique is developed, achieving asymptotically optimal simulation of LRN meshes, with slowdown 8«n/p)2). (3) Efficient simulations in the RN model is achieved too, paying an extra factor which is polylogarithmicin the size of the simulated mesh. The slowdown achieved is O«n/p)210gnlog(n/p)). Although the simulation algorithms are complex and require extensive bookkeeping operations, the required space is asymptotically optimal. In addition to the above we give a bunch of inter-model simulation results. These results give some additional insight into the gap in the computational power of the various reconfiguring models [Sch91, BPS91]. ·Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Haifa, Haifa. 31905, Isra.el. E-mail: email@example.com 'Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com l(CONTACT AUTHOR:) Department of Computer Science, Technion, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com . aifa.a


Transition of ideal, homogeneous, incompressible, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence to near-equilibrium from non-equilibrium initial conditions is examined through new long-time numerical simulations on a 1283 periodic grid. Here, we neglect dissipation because we are primarily concerned with behavior at the largest scale which has been shown to be essentially the same for ideal and real (forced and dissipative) MHD turbulence. A Fourier spectral transform method is used to numerically integrate the dynamical equations forward in time and results from six computer runs are presented with various combinations of imposed rotation and mean magnetic field. There are five separate cases of ideal, homogeneous, incompressible, MHD turbulence: Case I, with no rotation or mean field; Case II, where only rotation is imposed; Case III, which has only a mean magnetic field; Case IV, where rotation vector and mean magnetic field direction are aligned; and Case V, which has nonaligned rotation vector and mean field directions. Dynamic coefficients are predicted by statistical mechanics to be zero-mean random variables, but largest-scale coherent magnetic structures emerge in all cases during transition; this implies dynamo action is inherent in ideal MHD turbulence. These coherent structures are expected to occur in Cases I, II and IV, but not in Cases III and V; future studies will determine whether they persist.


In this paper, we propose an image authentication method based on digital image watermarking approach for paper checks. In the process of watermark embedding, a binary watermark image is added into the blue color component of a white color image. Paper check template is overlaid on the result, and printed out on a piece of paper. In the watermark extraction process, a paper check is first scanned back to obtain an electronic copy. A technique of image registration based on affine transformation is then applied to reduce geometric distortions from the printing and scanning processes, followed by a thresholding step to estimate the embedded bit in each watermarked component. The performance of the proposed method was investigated using different scanning resolutions and printing quality modes. Its extraction performance from the paper checks with written texts and folded marks was also investigated. The promising results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The quadrupole moment of the 8{sup +} yrast state in {sup 84}Kr was measured using the level-mixing spectroscopy technique to be Q= 36(4) e fm{sup 2}. The result is compared with predictions of the shell model using common sets of effective charges. The comparison of experimental quadrupole moments with calculated values for 8{sup +} states in Kr, Sr and Zr isotopes with N= 48, 50 and for 9/2{sup +} states in isotopes with N= 47, 49 suggests a modification of the effective charges used in this region.


The work is concerned with the study of ionization and related processes occurring during the transition to breakdown at ultra high frequencies. Electrons are injected into a parallel plate gap through holes in one electrode and drift towards the other under a small unidirectional field. A stronger ultra high frequency field is superimposed upon this drift field to give collision ionization in the gap. Measurements of the number of electrons crossing the gap show that as the high frequency field increases the gap current decreases initially and then rises as breakdown is approached. A theory is presented to explain the initial drop quantitatively in terms of a back diffusion current to the emitting electrode. An extention of this theory to the subsequent rise show that the electron density initially increases exponentially across the gap but as breakdown is approached this changes to a sinusoidal form. A quantitative treatment of the first case is presented. Provision is made to modulate the emitted electron stream with the object of measuring transit times. Preliminary measurements have demonstrated the feasibility of the method. It is shown that, as a consequence of diffusion, the time measured in such experiments is that for the propagation of the pulse of electrons rather than the time it would take individual electrons to drift across the gap. Instabilities and drift of gap current have been traced to the presence of partially insulating films on the electrodes. It is shown experimentally that in combined drift and ultra high frequency fields, the drift field may be progressively reduced by the charging of these films. Methods for measuring film constants and calculating the resultant drift fields are given. Firm evidence is presented that such films are built up by discharges from impurities in the gap.


Sensitivity analysis in linear programming is an important subject for students in management science. This note shows that the effect on the optimal solution of changing an input-output coefficient of a basic activity is equivalent to the effect of simultaneously adding a new activity and adding a new constraint. This approach simplifies the analysis.


Commentary on article "Screening Strategies in the Presence of Interactions." The commentators explain why they believe that the methodology proposed in that article provides an attractive alternative for analyzing models following heredity properties.


BACKGROUND
The central quadriceps tendon provides a useful free tendon graft, although the morbidity of harvesting it is unknown in elderly patients.

METHODS
The donor site morbidities of 10 patients after central quadriceps tendon (CQT) graft harvest were reviewed for rotator cuff repair. Patients were reviewed by questionnaire and clinical examination at a minimum of 5 months after surgery.

RESULTS
A majority of patients reported significant donor site pain and reduction in knee reliability and function. Six of 10 patients had reduced quadriceps power attributable to the graft harvest.

CONCLUSION
The harvesting of the CQT graft is associated with significant morbidity, especially in an elderly population with limited functional reserve.


Sikang-Yunnan Tropical Seasonal Rain Forest Concentrated on the lower slopes and in the wet valleys these forests occur on both laterite and limestone soils with only minor changes in floristic composition. They usually have three or four indistinct tree layers with a top canopy of emergent trees reaching heights of up to 45 m. Below this the main canopy layer reaches about 30 m and can have almost complete crown coverage and is rarely less than about 80%. The third layer (5-18 m tall), usually has a crown coverage of less than 40%. Buttresses and cauliflory are common and both lianas and epiphytes are abundant. The suite of dominant trees vary according to changes in local conditions but usually include various combinations of the following: Alphonea monogyna, Pometia tomentosa, and the endemic taxa Celtis philippensis var. wightii (Ulmaceae) and Lasiococca comberi var. pseudoverticillata (Euphorbiaceae). Typical sub canopy species include Canarium pimela Cleidion spiciflorum, Debregeasia squamata, Diospyros hasselly, Ficus altissima, Glycosmis ferruginea, Pseudovaria indochinensis and a variety of endemic species like Aglaia testicularis, Amoora tetrapetala, Dysoxylum lenticellatum (Meliaceae), Aporosa yunnanensis (Phyllanthaceae), Beilschmeidia yunnanensis (Lauraceae), Bombax insignis (Bomacaceae), Cryptocarya acutifolia, Litsea dilleniaefolia (Lauraceae), Ehretia tsangii (Boraginaceae), Elaeocarpus austroyunnanensis (Elaeocarpaceae), Garcinia bracteata (Hypericaceae), Horsfieldia pandurifolia, Knema furfuracea (Myristicaeae), Mitrephora maingayi (Annonaceae), Murraya tetramera (Rutaceae), Sumbaviopsis albicans (Euphorbiaceae), Tapiscia yunnanensis (Staphyleaceae), Tetrameles nudiflora (Tetramelaceae), Walsura yunnanensis (Meliaceae) and the endemic palm Caryota urens (Arecaceae). Loeseneriella lenticellata and the endemic Ventilago calyculata var. trichoclada (Rhamnaceae) are two of the common lianas, and eiphytes are typified by Pothos chinensis and the endemic Rhaphidophora hongkongensis (Araceae). Shrubs are usually sparse on the ground but among the most common are Miliusa tenuistipitata, Sauropus macranthus and the endemic Psychotria siamica (Rubiaceae). The herb layer is not particularly well developed and mainly consists of seedlings and creeping lianas such as the endemic Derris caudatilinba (Fabaceae) and Loeseneriella yunnanensis (Celastraceae).


.............................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) ....................................................................................... 6 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Virulence genes ......................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Detection of virulence genes in APEC ....................................................................................... 9 1.4 Colibacillosis impact on the poultry industry .......................................................................... 10 2. Antibiotics: from celebrated discovery to imposed restrictions ................................................... 10 2.1 History ..................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Antibiotic resistance................................................................................................................ 11 2.3 Development of new antibiotics ............................................................................................. 13 2.4 Surveillance, monitoring and stewardship of antibiotics ....................................................... 14 2.5 Potential alternative treatment and prevention options ....................................................... 15 3. Vaccines ........................................................................................................................................ 15 3.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 15 3.2 Vaccine use in the poultry industry ........................................................................................ 16 3.3 Commercial E. coli vaccines for animal production ................................................................ 17 4. Bacteriophages.............................................................................................................................. 18 4.1 History ..................................................................................................................................... 18 4.3 Bacteriophage Therapy: Alternative to Antibiotics................................................................. 19 4.4 Lysogenic phages .................................................................................................................... 19 4.5 Possible shortcomings and adverse effects of bacteriophage therapy .................................. 20 4.6 Bacteriophage resistance ........................................................................................................ 21 4.9 Initial development of bacteriophage therapy of APEC ......................................................... 25 4.10 Bacteriophage treatment studies done on poultry .............................................................. 25 5. Endolysins ................................................................................................................................. 26 6. Other alternative treatment options in a post-antibiotic era ................................................... 28 7. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 30 8. References................................................................................................................................. 32


Objective To analyze and simulate the tuberculosis cases in Tianxin district of Changsha with ARIMA model to provide scientific basis for the prediction of the disease. Methods By analyzing the tuberculosis cases in Tianxin district in 2003-2010 year, we set up seasonal ARIMA model by three steps: model distinguish, parameter estimation and model diagnosis, thus simulating the trend of Tianxin district tuberculosis cases during January to April in 2011 year, and predicting the monthly incidence in the next year. Results ARIMA(1,0,1)×ARIMA(0,1,1)12 model fits the Tianxin district morbidity of tuberculosis during 2003 to 2010 better than the other models. The simulation is based on the Tianxin district morbidity cases of tuberculosis during January to April in 2011 year, and evaluated with the actual value trend. The incidence of tuberculosis will be increased slightly in next year, with a mean monthly incidence of 44. Conclusion ARIMA(1,0,1)×ARIMA(0,1,1)12 model can explain the Tianxin tuberculosis incidence situation better than the others, thus it can be used in forecasting the trend of tuberculosis.


montelukast and fluticasone proprionate by her primary care physician. Her symptoms gradually worsened despite treatment; she began to complain to her parents that it was becoming difficult to walk around in her home and very difficult to climb stairs. She was referred to our asthma clinic at 13 years of age. Physical examination was unremarkable; her lungs were clear to auscultation. Spirometry was performed. Values for relevant flows and volumes are found in Table 1. Visual inspection of the flowvolume curve showed a marked "squaring off" of the expiratory and inspiratory limbs (Figure 1A). Because of these findings, an obstruction of the central airway was suspected, and a computed tomography scan of the thorax was ordered. This scan revealed a focal area of tracheal narrowing near the thoracic inlet (Figure 2A). Rigid bronchoscopy confirmed the stenosis, which was noted to be spiral in nature, causing an approximately 60% narrowing over 13 mm (Figure 2B). She subsequently underwent tracheoplasty, using a costal cartilage graft to enlarge the lumen of the affected area. At a clinic visit 5 months postrepair, she reported that she was without respiratory symptoms and off all daily asthma medications. Spirometry at that follow-up visit demonstrated a significant Congenital tracheal stenosis is a rare condition with a variable age of presentation. Severe stenosis results in significant respiratory symptoms during infancy and prompt diagnosis. However, milder cases may result in a delay in diagnosis until much later in life. Typical symptoms in older patients include cough, stridor, and wheezing. These individuals may be misdiagnosed as having asthma and improperly treated with asthma medications. We report the case of a 13-year-old female who presented in the clinic with a diagnosis of asthma. Spirometry was a critical part of arriving at the correct diagnosis of tracheal stenosis.


Message lock encryption is the basis of current secure deduplication research. However, since the theoretical basis of randomized Message-locked encryption (R-MLE) is bilinear mapping, the computational overhead is large. Although this method has semantic security and supports data deduplication, it is not practical. This paper solves the core problem that the deduplication method based on R-MLE is not efficient. The method of this paper does not take the improvement of encryption algorithm efficiency as a breakthrough, but introduces the autoencoder commonly used in image processing, which greatly improves the deduplication efficiency by greatly reducing the number of tag comparisons. Theoretical analysis and experiments show that the autoencoder has similarity and can be used to quickly filter tags that do not need to be compared. Compared with the local sensitive hash algorithm, autoencoder has randomness and higher security. The method of this paper can not only substantially improve the efficiency of R-MLE-based secure deduplication method, but also introduce artificial intelligence into secure deduplication research, which is expected to become a new research hotspot.


This paper studies a fully discrete Crank-Nicolson linear extrapolation stabilized finite element method for the natural convection problem, which is unconditionally stable and has second order temporal accuracy of . A simple artificial viscosity stabilized of the linear system for the approximation of the new time level connected to antidiffusion of its effects at the old time level is used. An unconditionally stability and an a priori error estimate are derived for the fully discrete scheme. A series of numerical results are presented that validate our theoretical findings.


Memory and language were evaluated in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and generalized epilepsy. Subjects were matched for age, duration of illness, and seizure frequency, and grouped according to the electroencephalographic results and seizure type into right temporal, left temporal, and generalized. In formal tests of intelligence, auditory and visual memory, and language, a significant difference was noted only on a confrontation naming test. The mean score on this test was considerably lower in the left temporal group; right temporal and generalized groups scored in the normal range. This decrement correlated with impairment on many verbal subtests of intelligence and memory. These results suggest that the interictal memory impairment of temporal lobe epilepsy may be an anomia and that the anomia may contribute to impairment of verbal learning and memory; both circumlocution and circumstantiality may compensate for anomia.


The feasibility and inevitability of the integration of Philosophy and Economics underlies their linkage and their shared plight. In the exploration of Modern Economic Philosophy in China, the article focuses on the discussion of four problems in the light of Marxist Economic Philosophy.


The rapid development of computer internet technology has brought about tremendous social changes.The introduction of distance enrollment is a breakthrough in the reform of the enrolling system in institutions of higher learning This Practice can improve the enrolling efficiency and accuracy,reduce the annual enrollement costs,and avoid privileged corruption However,it is essential that the software for distance enrollment,the accuracy of the students'records,the transmission of the network system,and the working personnel's sense of cooperation and quality should be improved


John Henry Newman believed that all Christian doctrines must be accessible to all Christian believers, both the intellectually sophisticated and the uneducated. This implied that the intellectually simple must be able to apprehend and assent to mysteries, such as that of the Trinity. This paper discussion what Newman understood by the idea of mystery. Mystery for Newman was primarily a hermeneutical problem. Mystery was a result of the human incapacity and inability to grasp the fullness of truth. In Newman, the hermeutical problematic is one of limitations of language thus leading to submission of intellect to a sublime truth.


In the context of QCD sum rules with non-local condensates we present a pion distribution amplitude, which is double-humped with its end-points x\to(0,1) strongly suppressed, and show that it matches the CLEO experimental data on the pion-photon transition at the 1\sigma level accuracy, being also in compliance with the CELLO data. We also include some comments on the nucleon distribution amplitude and the nucleon evolution equation.


Contemporary methods of technology assessment often focus solely on the consequences of technological availability, and specifically on the 'hard impacts' of technology on society. From the Postphenomenological perspective however, technology and society are mutually constitutive. This also means that the (ethical) criteria used to assess technology are subject themselves to the impact of the technology in question. As claimed, this mediating role of technology on society hence should be part of the ethical technology assessment, as technology (due to its mediatory character) actively influences the way we look at things and actively influences our decisions on 'what to do'. This thesis considers whether mediation analysis results in additional material for the assessment of technology, by taking a specific technology and put to the test. Empirical information was gained from 'practical experts': people who currently are considering using sex selection, and discuss moral issues that arise in their deliberations. These public discussions were analyzed to identify how sex-selection technology mediates in this process. As this analysis resulted in valuable additional material for the assessment of sex-selection technologies, this thesis makes an argument to include a mediation analysis of technology in future technology assessment procedures.


the use of analytical techniques for risk-based prioritization, both quantitative and non-quantitative, is becoming much more wide spread and organizations are tailoring analytical techniques for risk management to their particular needs. This has led to the use of different techniques for different applications within the same organization, and correspondingly, the need for management to reconcile the process and results of different risk-based prioritization approaches. Different risk-based prioritization methods may be used prioritize different types of activities, but eventually these prioritizations may need to be integrated to allocate organizational resources at a higher level or to develop an overall organizational budget. This paper focuses on comparing and contrasting the different risk-based approaches. The objective is to help management understand the different approaches, choose the best approach for their needs, and reconcile different approaches.


Given a (closed) set A contained in the plane and a positive function ~p(r) (for example r ~, r6(log I/r) 6', etc.) one defines the (covering) Hausdorff measure of A relative to ~(r) by considering coverings of a subset A c A by balls Bi, B2 .... of radii rl, r2 .... all less than e~>0. The (covering) Hausdorff ~o-measure of A is the limit as e---~0 of the infimum over such coverings of the sums EiVd(ri). We have been led by the study of limit sets of Kleinian groups to a dual construction based on packings rather than Coverings. Here one considers for U open in A collections of disjoint(l) balls BI,B2 . . . . contained in U of radii rl,r2 . . . . all less than e~>0. Then the packing Hausdorff ~p-measure of U is by definition the limit as e--*0 of the supremum over such packings of the sums Ei~0(ri). If two open sets are disjoint these limits add. It follows (w 7) that the outer measure defined by this function of open sets defines a countably additive Borel measure. The covering and packing Hausdorff measures can be distinguished rather dramatically for the limit sets of Kleinian groups which are geometrically finite but have cusps. For example the "Apollonian packing" limit set (Fig. 1) has for a certain 6 a positive (locally finite) r 6 Hausdorf f measure for the covering definition (6-1.3). The r ~ packing measure is locally infinite. For a second example consider the packing obtained by the rectangular array of unit diameter circles (Fig. 2). Inverting these in the dotted circle of unit diameter packs them into one quadrilateral interstice. Now translate in both directions and repeat the procedure ad infinitum to get the second example. This limit set has locally finite r 6


The researcher took the title "Analysis of the Effect of Product Attributes, Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Tbk. Samarinda Branch Office 1", under the guidance of Mr. Dr. Sudarlan, S.E., M.T. as a supervisor I and Mr. Dr. H. Omar Dhanny, S.E., M. Kom. as Advisor II.
This study aims to determine the effect of product attributes, service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty at BRI branch Samarinda 1. The object used in this study is one of the companies in Samarinda, namely PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Tbk. Samarinda Branch Office 1, using descriptive statistical methods. The sampling method in this study was accidental sampling and the data collection method used a questionnaire measured by a Likert Scale. The analytical tools used are validity test, reliability test, normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple linear regression analysis test, T test, F test, R test and R² test. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. The number of research samples as many as 168 respondents. The results showed that partially Product Attributes, Service Quality, and Customer Satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty. Simultaneously Product Attributes, Service Quality, and Customer Satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05.


We show a new example of blow-up behaviour for the prescribed Q -curvature equation in even dimension 6 and higher, namely given a sequence ( V k ) ⊂ C 0 ( R 2 n ) suitably converging we construct for n ≥ 3 a sequence ( u k ) of radially symmetric solutions to the equation


This study shows a limit to attacks that the prevention system, which is used as the mutual third aggressive packet path between open heterogeneous networks and applies prevention techniques according to the trace like IP tracking and attack methods, can prevent. Therefore, the study aims to learn information of constant attack routing protocol and of the path in network, the target of attack and build a database by encapsulating networks information routing protocol operates in order to prevent source attack paths. In addition, the study is conducted to divide network routing protocols developed from the process of dividing the various attack characters and prevent various attacks. This study is meaningful in that it analyzes attack path network and attacks of each routing protocol and secure exact mechanism for prevention by means of 3D-Puzzle, Path, and Cube of the integrated security system which is an implementation method of integrated information protection for access network defense.


The published literature contains relatively few references to vocal rehabilitation for persons with partial laryngectomy. Articles on various types of surgery indicate that many individuals develop satisfactory voice following limited surgery, particularly supraglottic procedures. An informal questionnaire completed by 10 laryngologists who had had substantial experience with sub‐total laryngectomy revealed that an average of 25 percent of their patients with laryngeal cancer receive partial laryngectomy. Lesions limited to the epiglottis, supraglottic areas or one vocal cord are regularly treated by limited excision. Half of the questionnaires indicated that partial laryngectomy can be used for bilateral vocal cord lesions under certain circumstances. The questionnaire confirmed the published reports that most of the subsequent voices were satisfactory or good and many recover without special vocal retraining. None reported employment of partial laryngectomy for sub‐glottal cancer. Hemilaryngectomy and cordectomy frequently resulted in some impairment of voice. Speech therapy is often recommended when possible.


The current study was carried out to determine the effects of the seed, flesh (seedless fruit), and leaf of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindle.) on antioxidative activity and anti-proliferation in human cancer cells. Total polyphenol contents of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were found to be 17.77, 32.32, and 28.08 mg/g, respectively. Also, total flavonoid contents of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were found to be 18.77, 28.73, and 21.35 mg/g, respectively. The IC 50 values of DPPH hydroxyl scavenging of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were 0.049, 0.063, and 0.042 mg/mL, respectively. Antioxidative indexes of loquat leaf and seed ethanol extracts was highly and it was similar to the BHA and BHT. The antioxidative activities in loquat seed and leaf ethanol extracts were higher in loquat flesh. The antiproliferation effect of loquat seed and leaf ethanol extracts on liver cancer cell line (H460), stomach cancer cell line (AGS) and lung cancer cell line (A549) showed higher values compared with the flesh ethanol extracts. These results indicate that loquat ethanol extracts may play a positive role in antioxidative properties and cancer prevention.


The aim of this paper is to set up the weighted norm inequalities for commutators generated by approximate identities from weighted Lebesgue spaces into weighted Morrey spaces.


The American National Standard for Human Factors Engineering of Visual Display Workstations specifies that character height-to-width ratios be within the range of 1:0.7 to 1:0.9. The empirical literature, however, fails to provide unequivocal support for that requirement. In designing CRT displays there is a complex interaction among several parameters, including character aspect ratio and character height. The present study compared a font with a character aspect ratio within the range allowed by ANSI/HFS 100–1988 to a font with a character aspect ratio outside that range. Using three different visually-intensive tasks, no real performance differences between the two fonts were observed. The study demonstrated that meeting individual design specifications, such as those provided in ANSI/HFS 100–1988, does not necessarily produce the most legible character set. It is argued that a performance-based compliance procedure may allow more flexibility in the design of visual display workstations.


To the Editor.— If indeed Alker et al have had "Long-Term Experience with Isotope Cisternography," ( 219 :1005,1972), they should be aware that "allergy to isotope" is an unknown entity in nuclear medicine procedures. One hundred microcuries of 131 I would contain.00000081 mg of iodine (8.1×10 -8 mg). Normal cerebrospinal fluid contains 0.2μg/100 ml to 18μg/100 ml. The total volume is 100 to 150 ml. During the performance of radioisotope cisternography, one is then adding three orders of magnitude less than the iodine that normally exists. This, of course, does not eliminate the possibility of iodine hypersensitivity, but to reiterate, there is no documented case of hypersensitivity reaction to administered radioisotope. If one complies with the regulation of administering less than 4 mg of albumin in toto, the incidence of adverse effects from this very useful diagnostic procedure is negligible. The same principles apply to radioisotopic studies of the kidneys. Hypersensitivity


In their report (1), the authors strengthen doubts that peroxynitrite is a main culprit for β-cell dysfunction and death in type 1 diabetes, confirming previous studies (2).

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in humans and animal models is characterized by strong expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα (3). The reactive species generated by the cytokine action ultimately cause β-cell death through nitro-oxidative stress (2). The very low expression of the H2O2-inactivating enzymes in β-cells, even though physiologically sufficient, is insufficient to prevent toxicity under pathophysiological conditions (2).

IL-1β alone with its dominant effect on NO generation causes β-cell dysfunction (4). Only together with TNFα, a strong stimulator of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation (2, 5), does it cause β-cell death in T1DM (3).

Cytokine-treated β-cells show high manganese superoxide dismutase expression in the mitochondria (5). Thus, there is little chance for the superoxide radical to generate peroxynitrite through interaction with NO (2). However, the authors ignore that these circumstances strongly favor the interaction between NO and H2O2, produced at high concentrations in cytokine-treated β-cell mitochondria, the primary site of cytokine toxicity (2). This is the optimal precondition for formation of the highly toxic hydroxyl radical, because β-cell mitochondria express very little glutathione peroxidase (5), insufficient for quick H2O2 inactivation (2, 5).

The authors overlook the crucial role of TNFα in the pathogenesis of β-cell death in T1DM and therefore their conclusion that NO is the primary mediator of cellular toxicity is inadequate. Experiments performed with a combination of IL-1β and TNFα confirm this (2).


People inhabit and change environments using socio-cultural and psycho-social behaviors and processes. People use their socio-cultural understanding of phenomena to interact with the environment. People are carriers of cultural heritage. These characteristics make cultural values ubiquitous in all people-accessed and people-inhabited geographic spaces of the world, making people readily available assets through which environmental sustainability can be implemented. Yet, people's conservation development is rarely planned using cultural resources. It is against this background that a Community-Based Cultural Heritage Resources Management (COBACHREM) model is initiated as a new approach that outlines the symbiosis between cultural heritage, environment and various stakeholders, with a view to create awareness about neglected conservation indicators inherent in cultural resources and better placed to complement already existing natural resources conservation indicators. The model constitutes a two-phased process with four (04) levels of operation, namely: level I (production); level II (reproduction); level III (consumption) that distinguish specific components of cultural heritage resources to be monitored at level IV for sustainability using identified cultural conservation indicators. Monitored indicators, which are limitless, constitute work in progress of the model and will be constantly reviewed, renewed and updated through time. Examples of monitoring provided in this article are the development of cultural competency-based training curriculum that will assist communities to transform cultural information into certifiable intellectual (educational) and culture-economic (tourism) assets. Another monitoring example is the mainstreaming of community cultural qualities into already existing environmental conservation frameworks such as eco-certification to infuse new layers of conservation indicators that enrich resource sustainability. The technical COBACHREM model acknowledges existing academic frameworks of communal identity formation (e.g., indigenity and autochthony) and is designed to add value onto these.


Experiments with thin ZnS(Ag) scintillators provide evidence with C.L. > 99.99% for the existence of DArk Electric Matter Objects - daemons (presumably negatively charged Planckian particles with M ~ 10^-5 g) captured from the Galactic disk into near-Earth, almost circular heliocentric orbits. Their flux at V ~ 10-15 km/s was found to be as high as f > 10^-7 cm^-2 s^-1 and vary with P = 0.5 y, with maxima in March and September. A daemon flux f ~ 10^-7 - 10^-6 cm^-2 s^-1 is capable of accounting for the Troitsk anomaly in the tritium beta-spectrum and suggests its more pronounced manifestation in future KATRIN experiment. In view of the channeling effect on iodine recoil nuclei in the NaI(Tl) crystal, the DAMA/NaI experiment is also apparently detecting a flux of daemons, f ~ 6x10^-7 cm^-2 s^-1, but in this case of those falling with V = 30-50 km/s from strongly elongated, Earth-crossing heliocentric orbits oriented in the antapex direction, as a result of which the number of events detected in the 2-6-keV interval varies with P = 1 y.