Across the world, higher education is facing new challenges as governments cut subsidies, new technologies enable 'massively open' online courses, students are accessed from global locations, and the centuries-old mission of universities is commercialised. In spite of these profound changes, most institutions of higher education have remained unaltered in terms of how they are structured and governed. Similarly, the consequent commodification of knowledge has not been challenged in general even though the lack of the deep knowledge that underpins competent professional practice is periodically lamented. This paper outlines an experiment in an alternative form of academic programme management; one which is perhaps more appropriate in current times. It describes an initiative at an Australian university where an action-research approach is being used to engage the full spectrum of stakeholders in the governance and execution of the strategic intent of a particular 'flagship' postgraduate programme. In this way, it demonstrates how knowing (knowledge manifesting in practice) is achieved through a form of praxis that continuously refines, through interactive 'creatively abrasive' forums, the enactment of mission-pertinent practices. However, as an initiative that threatens the political status quo within the university, much of the action, until recently, has had to be conducted 'invisibly'.


Background: Previous small to mid-sized studies have found an inconsistent relationship between diverticulosis and colon polyps. We assessed the odds of polyps in patients with left-sided diverticulosis (LDV) compared with patients without LDV, and if a predilection for polyps existed in the distal colon (DC) versus the proximal colon (PC). Methods: In this case-control, retrospective study, records of all patients in the Cleveland Clinic undergoing average-risk, screening colonoscopy between January 2011-August 2017 were identified. Baseline characteristics were described. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify odds of polyps in PC and DC after adjusting for clinical and colonoscopic factors. Results: A total of 50,703 patients (mean age=60 years; 48% male) were included; 38.9% of patients had LDV. Compared to patients without LDV, those with LDV more often had adenomas (33.2% vs 27.8%; P<0.001), hyperplastic polyps (HPs) (18.3% vs 16.2%; P<0.001), and sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) (4.8% vs 4.3%; P=0.011). LDV was associated with adenomas in the DC (OR, 1.59; 95%CI, 1.52, 1.67) more than the PC (OR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.10, 1.21), with HPs equally in the PC (OR, 1.27; 95%CI, 1.20, 1.34) and DC (OR, 1.28; 95%CI, 1.19, 1.38), and with SSPs in the DC only (OR, 1.50; 95%CI, 1.34, 1.67). Conclusion: LDV is associated with significantly increased risk of adenomas, HPs, and SSPs, but this association is stronger for adenomas in the DC. Careful inspection of the DC should be encouraged in patients with LDV. More research is needed to understand this phenomenon.


This paper aims to find out about the behavior of Acehnese ethnic voters in determining regional head candidates in accordance with the expectations of voters and the form of strategies used by regional head candidates in gaining sympathy from the people of Southwest Aceh. This research uses ethnographic methods. Research techniques with in-depth interviews and participatory observation of campaign teams, leaders and the community in the implementation of the 2017 elections. From the results of the study, the community chose regional head candidates based on vision and mission related to social welfare such as, empowering farming communities by cutting seed and fertilizer prices, or scholarships for underprivileged children. In getting the voices of the people of Southwest Aceh, prospective regional heads have strategies using cultural symbols such as traditional clothing, meukotop skullcaps, rencong, agamai and post bases. Then the candidates also make use of community groups such as the Koran and youth communities. With a strategy approach to cultural symbols and community groups, the candidates hope to gain the voice of the community and be able to provide knowledge to the younger generation about awareness of the cultural values of Aceh in the Southwest Aceh District.


Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) represent a major cause of systemic food allergic reactions in the Mediterranean area. This study investigate hierarchical patterns and cluster relationships of IgE sensitization to different nsLTPs, and the relationship to clinical allergy in a large Italian cohort.


O the last few decades, the most influential paradigm shift in health professions education literature is the transition toward competency-based education (CBE). Oriented to graduate outcome abilities that address societal and patient needs, the underlying principle of CBE is preparing learners for practice using competencies as the organizing framework. Research has identified 5 core components that should be taken into account when designing and implementing competency-based curricula: 1) an outcomes competency framework, 2) progressive sequencing of competencies, 3) learning experiences tailored to competencies, 4) competency-focused instruction, and 5) programmatic assessment.1 As CBE focuses on individual developmental processes, effective assessment strategies need to support these in order to achieve the desired outcomes of training.2 The programmatic assessment model, founded on several key assessment principles, emphasizes the importance of combining formative and summative functions of assessment.3 It requires each individual assessment to provide meaningful feedback that drives learning towards the intended learning outcomes. Aggregated information on learners' development should then help to optimize learners' individual development and to allow robust high-stakes decisions for promotion and/or licensure. Currently, this model of programmatic assessment is receiving increased attention by veterinary educators.4,5 However, the "how" of developing transparent and trustworthy high-stakes decision-making procedures has, to date, received little scholarly attention. At the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Netherlands (FVMU), a 3-year clinical program, designed according to CBE principles and a programmatic approach to assessment, was implemented in 2010. The 3-year program is mainly built around clinical rotations in disciplines related to 3 tracks: equine health change; into companion animal health, and farm animal health. Apart from general rotations in different clinical departments, students mainly undertake rotations in disciplines related to their chosen animal species track. While working side-by-side with clinical staff during their rotations, students encounter a variety of learning activities. The high-stakes decision procedure is performed by 2 independent members of an assessment committee based on a review of myriad individual workplace-based assessments that are aggregated across all rotations. In 2021, a consensus statement on the implementation and practice of programmatic assessment was published,6 identifying "establishing equitable and credible high-stakes decisions" as one of the main themes in implementing programmatic assessment. Based on our experience at FVMU, we identify the following elements as important with respect to robust highstakes decision-making: saturation of information, triangulation, and a high-quality competence committee. As the most important challenge with saturation of information we identify the establishment of high-quality narrative feedback. This requires a learning environment that fosters and enhances the exchange of meaningful feedback. Especially within the busy daily clinical workplace this can be challenging to accomplish. The high-stakes decision is made based upon the triangulation of a multitude of complex and rich information.6 This is facilitated by an electronic portfolio that allows the aggregation and visualization of student's individual competency-development over time. At FVMU standardization of the portfolio using an outcomes competency framework, and clear instruction for both staff and students turned out to be an important success factor to allow a feasible triangulation of the data. At FVMU the competence committee consists of approximately 11 members.5 This committee has received extensive training and meets on a regular basis. As high-stakes judgments are based upon the interpretation of a variety of qualitative and quantitative assessment information, it is important for the competence committee to establish a shared mental model. After more than 10 years, we continue to learn how best to apply the theoretical model of programmatic assessment to daily educational practice. We have realized that there is no 'one-sizefits-all' recipe and making it a success is an ongoing process that requires further research, training of students and faculty, perseverance and, above all, commitment of all stakeholders involved.


A hardware resource information security online detecting system facing to terminal computers performs a centralized detection on all the terminal computers in network by a center computer on line, and all the computers are connected with the network, the system comprises an online detecting tool and a packaging module, the online detecting tool is packed in a CAB pack form and stored in the center computer by the packaging module, and the CAB pack is embedded into IE browser by the center computer, and the CAB pack is downloaded from the center computer to the terminal computer through the IE browser and automounted. The online detecting tool comprises a unified data interface module, a resource information gripping module, an information analyzing module, an analyzing and processing module and a display module. The system provided by the invention has the advantages of short development period, good maintainability, flexible open interface, perfect debugging facility and easy management and use.


The e+e−→l+l−γγ anomalous events, detected by the L3 detector at the e+e− CERN-LEP collider, are analyzed. It is shown that the interpretation of such events as a manifestation of scalar (pseudoscalar) resonance with a mass of 60 GeV contradicts other experimental data. As to the possible existence of that kind of resonance, the prospects for discovering one in some processes at future e+e− colliders are discussed.


Rural Electrification Authority is one of parastatals in Kenya whose services have led to lightening of rural areas in Kenya. There is a glaring human resource problem at the corporation. One of the solutions to this is outsourcing certain human resource functions. The general objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of outsourcing human resource activities on employee engagement at Rural Electrification Authority. The independent variables included recruitment outsourcing and training outsourcing. The study was conducted across the five departments of Rural Electrification Authority at the head offices in Nairobi. The study was guided by Kolb's experiential learning theory, socio-technical systems theory and Andrew Brown engagement pyramid model. The study adopted a descriptive survey design using quantitative approaches. The study targeted 114 employees. The study used Nassiuma's formula to calculate the sample which was found to be 54. This study used a structured questionnaire to collect data. The research instrument was first pilot tested to assess its validity and reliability. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 23 software facilitated data processing and analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis. The study revealed that outsourcing recruitment and training services had a negative influence on employee © Jepkogei & Kiprotich Licensed under Creative Common Page 274 engagement. When recruitment and training were outsourced together, their influence on employee engagement was found to be significant. The study recommended that Rural Electrification Authority should minimize the level of outsourcing of both recruitment services and training services as means of enhancing employee engagement in the corporation.


The objective of this project is to develop systems that will allow for increased nuclear energy production through the use of enriched fuels. The developed systems will allow for the efficient and selective recover of selected isotopes that are additives to power water reactors' primary coolant chemistry for suppression of corrosion attack on reactor materials.


——————————  —————————— Cloud Computing has widely been adopted by the industry or organization though there are many existing issues like Load Balancing, Virtual Machine Consolidation, Energy Management, etc. which have not been fully implemented. Central to these issues is the issue of load balancing, that is required to distribute the excess dynamic local workload equally to all the nodes in the whole Cloud to achieve a high user satisfaction. We propose DT-PALB


A 59yearold man, referred for unexplained iron overload and suspected Gilbert syndrome, had been under followup for 6 years. His blood count showed mild normocytic nonregenerative anaemia (haemoglobin concentration 123 g/l). Serum ferritin (680 μg/l) and transferrin saturation (46.9%) were elevated. Clinical examination was normal. Molecular genetic testing for hereditary haemochromatosis was negative (no pathogenic mutation was found in HFE, HJV, HAMP, TFR2, BMP6 or SLC40A1). He had evidence suggesting haemolysis (haptoglobin <0.1 g/l) and was jaundiced (total bilirubin: 27 μmol/l) with negative screening for red cell defects (including molecular analysis of α and β globin genes) and for extracorpuscular causes of haemolysis. He had never been transfused and had been treated by phlebotomy to control liver iron concentration – measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (95 μmol/g vs. 170 μmol/g one year earlier). Bone marrow aspiration was performed and revealed erythroid hyperplasia (73%) with 20% bior multinucleated erythroid precursors (MayGrünwaldGiemsa, ×100 objective). These morphological changes were highly suggestive of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type II (CDA II). Genetic molecular study revealed an SEC23B mutation and confirmed this diagnosis, explaining the iron overload, jaundice and evidence of haemolysis. CDA II is a rare genetic disorder characterised by haemolysis, ineffective erythropoiesis and erythroid hyperplasia in bone marrow with numerous bior multinucleated erythroblast. Iron overload may be the main consequence in patients with mild anaemia and haemolysis. In such cases, the combination of iron overload associated with haemolysis must prompt us to look for CDA, including in adult patients.


In light scattering experiments on superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O ceramic oxides we observe an unexpectedly intense Stokes-shifted spectrum from about 100 cm/sup -1/ (--13 meV) to 4000 cm/sup -1/ (--0.5 eV). We propose that this is due to light scattered from energy-density fluctuations of quasiparticle states excited above the superconducting ground state. The temperature dependence of the scattering intensity shows strong hysteresis, not observed in other experiments on the oxide superconductors.


The causes of the El Nino events was analyzed.The self-organizing feature map(SOFM) neural network forecasting model was built up according to the numbers of the earthquakes,the conditions of solar-eclipses and average of sea-temperature in 1973~1994 with the method of the SOFM network and examines the El Nino events happened in 1995~2000.Its accuracy rate is 83.3%.


When historians today assess the behaviour of actors, they generally privilege their limited rationality or their emotions. Another dimension needs however to be emphasized: their actions and reactions in situations of uncertainty. The focus here is on technological uncertainty, as it appears in the design and production of goods or even in their uses by businesses, public organizations (whether civilian or military) or by consumers. It is a very common experience, which is not limited to contemporary history, far from it. It may lead to catastrophes and bring about far-ranging changes of organization, production or of scientific knowledge. Recent researches achieved by historians in the USA throw a new light on the deliberate opacity of certain technological devices and its political dimensions, on the distinction between cognitive, material and prospective technological uncertainty and on the practices developed by industry and by craftsmen: from local sociability to the sharing of intellectual resources available nationally, to cooperation with universities and to the creation of probabilistic devices. They call social sciences to rethink the economy as shaped by processes of exploration embedded in legal regimes and to reconsider the relationship of women and men to artefacts along time and space.


The aim of this thesis was to examine the career progression of women with respect to the financial services sector in Ireland from 1973 to 2002. Little literature is available in the Irish context but the American and British literature is reviewed. This research examined three dichotomies examined three dichotomies around the two dimensions of gender and power; femininity / masculinity; the public / the private (paid or unpaid work) and motherhood / fatherhood.
The problem was identification as the gendered nature of family and career which hinder women's career progression as well as gendered selection for promotion in the financial services sector. A preliminary survey identified the main questions to be asked as a prerequisite to the caselets and the in-depth organisational case study (Eirebank).
The glass ceiling is a power divide. The main findings of the caselets indicate that the women who break through the glass ceiling will be highly organised, energetic individuals who have chosen a gender identity which proiritises paid work over family life.


A cost function is used to quantify potential sources of gains from deregulation of the Norwegian salmon farming industry, an industry that has been heavily regulated in order to achieve a regional dispersion of production and profits along the entire coastline. It now seems to be widely recognised that the regulations have led to cost inefficiencies. A region‐augmented cost function with data from 282 fish farms for 1988 is used to estimate regional productivity differences, i.e. differences in the total cost of producing salmon in one region compared to another. It is found that the potential gains from deregulation may be substantial.


Several years ago, a group of physicians under the leadership of Dr. Frederick Tilney, made a critical study of the literature of epilepsy. Frequent meetings were held, and the published papers on the subject were reviewed and discussed. The more the literature was studied, the clearer it became that the nature and cause of the symptoms we call epilepsy, were lost in a maze of theories and contradictions, and that, as a basis for advance, careful research into the causes, nature and site of convulsions was necessary. Only when this is done shall we have a real basis for biochemical research and for logical clinical investigations into the etiology of epilepsy. With this conclusion came the conviction that the investigation must begin with the simplest problems of the convulsive attack, and gradually advance to the more complex. The following report represents the work along these lines thus far done, but


Taking the Q3 loess of Yangling District in Shaanxi Province as the research object,an uniaxial consolidation compression test is conducted to obtain the creep characteristic curves of remolded unsaturated loess after freezing-thawing cycling under different normal stresses.We analyze the influence of freezing-thawing cycles and normal stress on creep consolidation characteristics.The results indicate that: the normal stress influences the creep consolidation characteristics of freezing-thawing loess obviously,and the strain of loess increases with the normal stress;the freezing-thawing cycle times also influences the creep consolidation characteristics of freezing-thawing loess,namely,the strain of loess increases with freezing-thawing cycle times in some extent.According to creep curve form,the Burger model is suggested to describe the creep consolidation characteristics of freezing-thawing loess;a one-dimensional consolidation creep time-strain model of freezing-thawing loess is established and the model parameters are obtained.The relation can well simulate the creep characteristics of freezing-thawing loess in Yangling District for its satisfying parameter correlation.


This paper describes a simulation program of intake and exhaust processes in a 4-stroke S.I. engine and also studies the relationship among various engine parameters under different engine speed and load conditions. This simulation program includes the engine cylinder model for the intake and exhaust processes and its formulation and evaluates the system characteristics such as inlet mass, pumping work and residual gas in the cylinder-which influence on power output, fuel economy and exhaust emissions.
In order to evaluate the accuracy of the simulation program, predicted results were compared with the experimental data obtained on the 4-stroke, 4-cylinder gasoline engine and satisfactory agreement was obtained.


The plasma hydrogenation mechanism of poly-Si thin film is investig ated and a novel hydrogenation technique for poly-Si thin film was presented. Using this technique, hydrogenation of poly-Si thin film is effectively enhanc ed and performances of poly-Si TFTs are improved. I ON/ I OFF of the poly-Si TF T is raised from 10 3 to 10 5. And the hydrogenation time is also reduc ed.


Social networks are taking an important role on every communication area and political communication is no stranger to this new form of communication. Up to this day no politician is left out in this new world of Social Networks. This article is focused on the study of political communication that candidates with possibilities for parliamentary representation carried out during the electoral campaign to General Courts on December 20th of 2015 in Spain. It is about researching how they communicate through this media, studying their effectiveness based on the achievement of the axioms that define the 3.0 political communication and the reach such communication has with citizens, both from a quantitative and qualitative perspective. On the quantitative perspective, three areas will be analyzed. The first one, the distance between messages and the worries of citizens. Second one, four categories of such messages: information, interaction, attitude and aesthetics. Last area is the analysis of the egocentric social network, identifying with whom the candidates communicate. On the qualitative perspective the communicative model will be analyzed, and also the function the messages carry with them. These functions considered will be: persuasive, emotive, mobilization, recruitment, deliberative and participative. This paper concludes that quality traffic based on interactivity and messages of interest increase participation rates.


Tensile stress-strain testing is used to investigate fracture behavior of carbon black-reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber, using 50 replicate specimens. Four vulcanized rubber compounds are studied: a CB-filled SBR with standard mixing conditions (Control); the same formulation with intentional poor mixing of the CB; and materials identical to the control material but formed by adding minor amounts of 0.5 mm diameter glass microspheres (beads) – serving as large model defects/inclusions - using a two-roll mill at two levels corresponding to average values of 0.78 and 6.24 beads per gauge section region of the tensile test specimen. This paper focuses on microscopy analysis of the resulting fracture surfaces to complement our recent publication on Weibull failure statistics for distributions of tensile strength and crack precursor size (Polymers 12, 203 (2020)). All 200 fractured specimens from tensile testing at 23°C are imaged with light microscopy and exhibit fracture surfaces that are characterized by relatively smooth planes that are perpendicular to the uniaxial loading direction. The majority of tensile failures originate from the edges of the dumbbell specimens, in line with expectations from fracture mechanics. Light microscopy reveals concentric fracture ring features of high specular reflectance emanating from crack precursors, which are a universal feature of the failure process for these compounds and independent of precursor type, size, or location. Non-contact interferometric microscopy confirms that the rings are the result of variations in surface micro-roughness; proceeding outwards from the precursor as rough-smooth-rough to the edge of the fracture surface. Fracture rings are also observed for tensile tests performed at 80°C. The variation in surface roughness of the fracture surface has parallels to the stick-slip tearing behavior seen for rubbers torn at medium to high rates. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that such striking features have been reported.


The spatial distribution of tunneling current fluctuations occurring in a scanning tunneling microscope is measured on GaAs(110). For the first time noise patterns are shown exhibiting a commensurate structure on atomic scale. On clean GaAs(110) we find increased noise at the position of the Ga atoms while either the Ga atoms or the As atoms are visible in the topography depending on the polarity of the tunneling voltage. The noise is of 1/f‐type. We propose that the noise enhancement is caused by the statistics of a specific optical surface phonon leading to a very large vibrational amplitude of the outermost Ga atoms.


List of illustrations introduction Family trees Chronological Table Abbreviations Biographical Section 1. Before battle: Owen's life prior to enlistment in 1915 Early life and education 1893-1911 Dunsden 1911-13 Bordeaux 2. During the war Enlistment and training 1915-16 Into battle Craiglockhart Scarborough and Ripon. Return to the Front 3. Afterwards Family matters The publication of the poems Mourning and the process of regeneration Cultural and Historical Background 1. The drift to war 1890s-1914 Children in uniform The ideology of sacrifice 2. The course of the war in outline from a British point of view Total war and the manipulation of the 'truth' 3. Images- the artist and truth 4. The poetry of the Great War down to 1917 5. The Peace party and Siegfried Sassoon 6. Owen's mature position about the war Critical Survey The art of Owen's poetry The text and order of the poems Influences 1. Keats First publications 'Song of Songs' 'Miners' Influences 2. Tennyson 'Hospital Barge' 'Futility' Influences 3. Shelley 'Wheels' (1919) 'Strange Meeting' Fragment: 'Earth's wheels run oiled with blood' New Inspirations 1. Sassoon 'The Sentry' 'Poems' (1920) 'Exposure' The gates of modernism 'The Poems of Wilfred Owen' (1931) 'The Roads Also' 'The Kind Ghosts' Religion and humanity 'At a Calvary near the Ancre' Reference Section Biographical section Information about friends and contemporaries Gazetteer Further Reading Index


Economic growth, India has emerged with quick destination for new consumer based product. The changing market structure of the transitional economy in India makes it very difficult for consumers to choose product. Hence, it is imperative that marketer learn about differences in consumer decision making and understand the importance of manufacturing a product which is best suited to customer as per their culture. This study deemed to be fit for investigating these differences by accommodating cultural differences. Attempt is made to find out cultural differences in Rajasthan and Gujarat region and strategies which will be fit for the companies to manufacture the best suited product. The data for this research paper were gathered from 500 consumers and by applying the multivariate regression and independent sample t test to identified cultural differences on selected variable. The paper finally concluded with the area important and reflects the cultural differences.


Public satisfaction measurement is the best way to evaluate the implementation effects of government process reengineering (GPR). The research on public satisfaction of electronic government is almost adapted from research on customer satisfaction, and is mainly about e-gov websites or various types of public services, while rare attention has been paid to the implementation results of GPR. This paper presented a public satisfaction model for GPR based on the definition of public satisfaction for GPR. An empirical study is conducted through statistics process reengineering in City Municipal Bureau of Statistics. Structural equation model and partial least squares method are used to conduct data analysis. The results show that statistics process reengineering in City Municipal Bureau of Statistics has high degree of public satisfaction. Public satisfaction for GPR is positively and strongly affected by perceived process quality, while perceived process quality is positively and strongly affected by process maturity. Public satisfaction in turn positively and strongly affects public trust.


Propylene carbonate (PC) is a common organic solvent used in lithium batteries due to its high dielectric constant and high chemical stability with lithium. However, the conductivity of PC-based electrolytes is about two orders of magnitude lower than those of aqueous electrolytes. To increase the conductivity of PC-based electrolytes, a co-solvent, ethylene carbonate (EC), is added to the electrolyte to form a mixed solvent. In this research, the conductivity of electrolytes as a function of lithium perchlorate (LiClO{sub 4}) salt concentration and EC/PC molar ratio have been studied. The highest conductivity, 1.4 x 10{sup {minus}2} S/cm, occurs when the salt concentration is about 1 mol/L and the EC/PC molar ratio is about one. To understand the composition dependence of the conductivity, the interaction between Li{sup +} and EC molecule has been studied using Raman spectroscopy. These results showed that the solvation number of Li{sup +} increases with increasing the EC/PC molar ratio at constant LiClO{sub 4} concentration and the solvation number of Li{sup +} decreases with increasing the LiClO{sub 4} concentration at constant EC/PC molar ratio.


Intelligent Wireless Web (IWW) employs the capabilities of high speed wireless networks and exploits the parallel advancements in Internet-based technologies such as the Semantic Web, Web Services, Agent-based Technologies, and context awareness. Considering its great potentials to be applied in busi- ness systems, we have devised an innovative model, based on the IWW services, for a typical mobile real-time supply chain coordination system which has been developed and tested in a real operational environment. Our article investigates the proposed system in this way: at the start, the building blocks of the IWW are discussed in detail. Then, we fully explain the basic concepts of mobile real-time supply chain coordination and concentrate on the motivations to implement such a modern system. The vision of intelligent wireless web services, as discussed in this paper, centers on the need to provide mobile sup- ply chain members highly specific data and services in real-time on an as-needed basis, with the flexibil- ity of use for the user. In this regard, we investigate nine enabling technologies of the IWW for our system and discuss how, by exploiting the convergence and synergy between different technologies, it has become possible to deliver intelligent wireless web support to mobile real-time supply chain coordina- tion. Afterwards, a practical framework is clearly established in four phases. This initiative system has been implemented in the laboratory and has passed the evaluation processes successfully. Further details will be announced in near future in another research article.


The Western culture is not the only one using alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Other cultures have developed a large array of conflict resolution tools, as a mean of maintaining harmonious relationships. The study will present an evolution of the ADR methods in the Western culture and will identify some traditional and indigenous conflict resolution systems, in order to allow a comparison between the two.


The contemporaneous wireless communication employs one of the conventional strategies of interleaving methodology. An interleaver can be expounded as a single input and single output coterminous state device. The essential liability of an interleaver is to assemble a long block code from memory convolution code. The vital taxonomy of interleaver is random interleaver which scrambles data of disparate users with diverse patterns and deterministic interleaver which can be specified as modified circular shifting interleaver. Again, it expounds on system quintessential which gives an apothegmatic introduction about OFDM-IDMA transmitter and receiver. All systems are simulated in Xilinx platform for comparison on hardware constraints utilizing eight users with data of eight-bit/chip. The efficient interleaver consumes minimum hardware and time constraints. A comparison is made which unveils modified circular shifting algorithm that utilizes less devices when compared to random interleaver.


According to the gene sequences of the outer membrane protein A(OmpA) from 16 Riemerella anatipestifer(RA) strains in the GenBank,a pair of specific primers was designed in those conservative regions.Then a PCR technique was established to detect 5 serotype and 6 unknown type RA strains which grew on TSA medium and samples from different duck farms.The results showed that a 592 bp DNA fragment was amplified as it was expected from all the detected RA strains,but Escherichia coli,Pasteurella multocida,Salmonella isolated from duck revealed negative results.Of 11 ducks from different farms,5,4 and 3 ducks gave positive results from brain and liver tissues and heart blood respectively by PCR,while those were 3 ducks by bacteria isolation.The RA genomic DNA and colony extraction were gradient diluted for 10 times to test the accuracy and sensitivity of this PCR method.As a result,the detection limit of this method was 10 pg genomic DNA or 10 CFU/ml colony.So this PCR assay provided a rapid and accurate method for identification of RA.


The killer effect of cobalt in "cold" activated zinc sulphide precipitateluminophores is investigated. The conclusion is drawn that for copper and silver activated luminophores a quenching due to interaction between non associated cobalt and activator centres takes place. A low effect is observed in leadactivated sulphide; it is assumed, that Co2+-ions act as killers when localised next to the Pb2+-ions. Intensity measurements of the reflected exciting light


Artificial Neural Network is an information processing paradigm that is inspired by the biological nervous system. Decision Support System (DSS) has been identified as one of the important solution providers in the emerging field of Artificial Neural Networks. Medical Decision Support System (MDSS) is an interactive Decision Support System software, which is designed to assist physicians and other health professionals in decision making tasks and to diagnose the patient disease. The Medical Decision Support System reduces the diagnosis time and improves the accuracy of the diagnosis. One of the clinical tests performed to diagnose Congenital Heart Septum Defect is the Chest Radiography (X-Ray) through the contour of size, position and shape of the heart. In order to diagnose Congenital Heart Septum Defect, a physician analyzes the chest X-ray and extracts the features like heart size measurements. But manual extraction of features and diagnosis is a difficult task for a physician. Therefore, in the present study, an algorithm is developed to automatically analyze and to extract the features from Chest X-ray using Image Processing Techniques. Also, a Decision Support System is developed to Diagnose the Congenital Heart Septum Defect based on chest X-ray features using Backpropagation Neural Network model. The Network is trained by using a Delta Learning Rule. The proposed feature extraction algorithm and Decision Support System are implemented in MATLAB with GUI features.


The biological division of the Institute of Marine Geology & Geophysics FEB RAS, recently being the laboratory of Island Ecological Problems, is the oldest scientific subdivision of the Institute. Basic stages and prospects of development of botanical researches on Sakhalin are considered.


A silicon wafer that has been cleaned with a cleaning liquid is rinsed with carbonated water. This method for cleaning a silicon wafer does not suffer from occurrence of damage by electrostatic discharge that is generated by the rinsing treatment or adhesion of dirt to the cleaned silicon wafer surface due to the electrostatic discharge, and is capable of preventing adhesion of metal impurities during the rinsing treatment of the silicon wafer. This method for cleaning a silicon wafer is capable of carrying out a rinsing treatment that uses a clean rinsing liquid, which has no risk of generating residue, while giving sufficient consideration to the cost.


The IP-level topology is the topology of Internet fine grained representation, AS-level topology is coarse-grained Internet topological representation, is the macro structure of Internet abstract. In this paper, from the two levels of IP-level topology and AS-topology coarse-grained to connect preference on Internet birth nodes and connecting stability are explored, verifying the presence of BA network.


166: 'The leader is of course', or fail to give any note when an individual first appears, e.g. Andronikos (prosopography is in general weak). The note on sebastos fails to point out the origins of the title with Skeraina in the eleventh century. His note on the ciborium of Demetrios, p. 215, #103, is bizarre, assuming the presence of the saint. Bibliography is missing: Fenster on epithets of Constantinople, Magdalino on baths, and not everything receives comment which should. There are few cross-references to other works of Eustathios (except De emendanda) or to other examples of twelfth-century rhetoric. There follow Appendix 1: Eustathios on the Writing of History' (pp. 230-33) and Appendix 2: The Five Alexioi Komnenoi' (pp. 234-6). The index, largely to proper names, gives references only to paragraphs in the Tafel (1832) edition. The text and translation will ensure the usefulness of this volume for some time to come, and the commentary is not without value. The introduction, however, is an opportunity missed to draw out implications for the history of the city or for Eustathios himself, known to classicists for his commentary on Homer but to Byzantinists as a key figure in the intellectual life of the twelfth century, both as rhetor in Constantinople and as bishop in the provinces. This volume will need now to be read with Kazhdan's essay in Studies on Byzantine Literature in the Twelfth Century, with the chapter in Michael Angold's Church and Society under the Comneni, and with Paul Magdalino's The Empire of Manuel I. The issue of genre is raised in the introduction only to be heavily dropped (p. xi): 'there is in fact nothing to be gained by attempting to define the form of a work which was constructed in circumstances as unusual as those in which this one was written'. In fact theZvyypaipri is littered with references to genre: not only the claim of autopsy (not unknown in the twelfth century) and differentiation of two kinds of siege accounts, but also a reference to included threnos and to the differences (cf. Lucian) between encomium and history. Ml does pick up the idea of genre again in Appendix 1 with an interesting use of Dionysios the Thracian, but more comparison with Kameniates's account of the sack of Thessalonike in 904 (taking full account of the debate over dating) or with vernacular laments for cities, which have a long history in Greek, would have been desirable. In general the sense is of a work which does not make the most of the opportunities offered it by the text.


The first part of this bachelor work describe marketing management generally, what particular activities contains and how should be made the right marketing mix by the companies. The second pard characterizes the company. There is a description of the marketing background, where is this company situated and how its actual marketing is. My object of this work was to take a look in activities of the company Tirad, Ltd. and to evaluate their present situation.


In his 1910 "Five Variables" paper, Cartan solved the equivalence problem for the geometry of $(2, 3, 5)$-distributions, which have since arisen in numerous contexts, and in doing so demonstrated an intimate link between this geometry and the exceptional simple Lie groups of type $\mathrm{G}_2$. He also claimed to produce a local classification of all such (complex) distributions whose infinitesimal symmetry algebra have dimension at least six and which satisfy a natural uniformity condition, but in 2013 Doubrov and Govorov showed that this classification misses a single structure ${\bf D}^{\natural}$. We show that, remarkably, one can find a closed (and unlike some previous examples, nonpolynomial) form for the Fefferman-Graham ambient metric of the conformal class induced by (a real form of) ${\bf D}^{\natural}$, and show that its holonomy is the uncommonly evidenced exceptional group $\mathrm{G}_2^*$. This example expands the small class of known explicit ambient metrics, for which we also provide a short directory. We also present some straightforward but novel observations about ambient metrics of left-invariant conformal structures.


i Recent developments in information and communication technologies have brought in a new wave of changes in the business organizations. This change is primarily a social phenomenon, rather than a management or technology driven plan, which is percolating in a bottom-up manner-from individuals to businesses-and is directed towards building of collaborative culture and communities that transcend geographical boundaries. As a result, organizations in every sphere need to reorganize themselves and find new procedures and controls to harness the strengths of this social change. The second Virtual Conference on Business and Management (VCOBAM 2010) was an attempt to explore this subject. Organized by U21Global Graduate School on Oct 25-26, 2010, held over the web, this conference attracted scholarly contributions on the theme-New Paradigms: Business and Management. Select set of presented papers were invited to submit their extended version for possible inclusion in this issue. After double blind reviews and revisions, finally, four papers have been selected for this special issue. Collectively, these papers show case the current practices, challenges and potential use of collaborative web technologies in different business functions and organizations. The first paper titled, " Implications for Improving Accessibility to E-Commerce Web-sites in Developing Countries: A Study of Hotel Websites " by Arunasalam Sambhanthan and Alice Good explores the issue of accessibility of e-commerce websites in developing countries. The study, based on web survey and web content analysis of Sri Lankan Hotels shows that there is no significant correlation between accessibility and geographical or economic factors. However, physical impairments, particularly visual and mobility impairment of users have a considerable influence on the accessibility of web page user interface. Affecting design elements are identified through web content analysis, the results of which are utilized to develop specific implications for improving web accessibility. The second paper titled, " Geographies of Open Source Biotechnology Innovation: Buzz, Pipelines, and Proximity in a Virtual Cluster " by David Tamoschus draws our attention to the use of virtual clusters for research and innovation in the field of biotechnology. Biotechnology research was characteristically organized in a highly specialized clusters based largely on local face-to-face communications; however this archetypal configuration may undergo changes due to the emerging applicability of


In contemporary construction industry, parametric softwares are often employed in design processes of rationalization and post-rationalization where, given a certain project, the answer to specific problems is required to actualize the desired shape [problem-solving approach]. ¶ This paper outlines a research project intended to develop a generative approach to digital design where the employment of parametric and algorithmic tools provide the possibility to set up integral multi-parametric systems; organizational as well as geometrical and structural aspects are investigated and, in parallel, they inform each other. ¶ The paper unfolds through constant reference to natural systems and, more specifically, develops the notion of pluri-potential systems deriving principle from the interaction between biological processes and computation. ¶ The results address the shift from mono-parametric problem-solving approaches to a generative problem-caring process where the integration of multiple system logics contribute to the development of a virtual pluri-potential set up. ¶ Finally, the paper explore the generative interdependency between structural, geometrical, organizational and computational logics of a system studying the manifold potentials of branching structures in the attempt to explore the emergent synergy between biological processes, computation and architectural design.


With now four editions, 'Toxicology of the Lung' is a top-seller within the 'Target Organ Toxicology Series'. Since the 3rd edition a number of new topic areas have been added to give a balanced understanding of lung toxicology in both humans and experimental animals. The first chapter provides introductions to the methodology of toxicological experimentation, related to the airways as target systems. This is then supplemented by chapters on pulmonary immunotoxicology (M.D. Cohen) and animal models for respiratory allergy (J. Pauluhn). The second half of the book is focused on relevant groups of lung toxicants, such as fibres (D.E. Bernstein), pharmaceuticals and biotechnology products (A. Viau and K. Robinson), engineered nanoscale particles (D.B. Warbeit), diesel exhaust (I. Jaspers), carcinogens in general (G.M. Curtin et al.) and tobacco smoking (H.P. Witschi). All chapters were written by internationally recognized experts in their selected area. All the reference selections have been updated. The book presents detailed information from a target organ perspective and is useful for students in toxicology, and for advanced toxicologists as well. It also serves as a repository of comprehensive information that will direct the reader to additional resources.


Trade Mark Licensing: A Subject Worthy of Separate Treatment. Trade Mark Licensing and the Functions of a Trade Mark. From the Registered User System to the Registration of Licensees. Licensing in the United States: The Concept of a Related Company. Quality Control. Trade Marks and Distribution. Other Authorised Third Party Uses of a Trade Mark. Consent and Delimitation Agreements, No Challenge Clauses and Licensee Estoppel. The Trade Mark License Agreement: The Interrelationship between the Proprietary and the Contractual. Oral, Implied and Constructive Trade Mark Licenses. Termination and Best Endeavours. Trade Mark Licensing under EU Competition Law. EU Law and the Enforcement and Exploitation of Rights under a Trade Mark Licence. A French Law View of Trade Mark Licensing. A German Law Perspective of Trade Mark Licensing. Collateral Aspects of Trade Mark Licensing. Annotated Sample Trade Mark Licensing Agreement.


The Physical Distancing and Social Distancing Policy is an action in which everyone is asked not to be close to one another and to avoid gatherings and gatherings in all forms to prevent the spread of COVID-19. COVID-19 has not seen anyone spread, including elementary, junior high, high school and college students. Therefore, all school and college activities such as teaching and learning activities (KBM) must be carried out at home or online through distance learning to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to determine the use of the WhatsApp application as an online learning medium during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used in this study is a research and development method (Research and Development) with a qualitative approach, aiming to produce a product in the form of problem-based learning media and test the usability of the product. The results of this study are that the application of using the WhatsApp application as a learning medium during the Covid-19 pandemic is very appropriate and in line with the Minister of Education and Culture Circular Letter Number 12. Number 3 of 2020 concerning Implementation of Online Learning. Use it because this application is simpler compared to other online applications. In addition, the WhatsApp application is easy to operate and has many features. The implementation of online learning at SDN Ciater 1 using the WhatsApp application as a learning tool is not good because of various perceived obstacles.


This paper proposes a novel approach for face recognition when only one sample per individual is available. The proposed technique, referred to as MODPL, determines a one-dimensional projection lin...


The key aspects and features of a three-year longitudinal research project commissioned and funded by the Clinical Training Agency (CTA) for the evaluation of nurse entry into practice programs are discussed. Some of the recommendations put forward following the project are highlighted.


There can be situations as this unique case, where experienced staff, even with biochemical and sonographic assistance, would not be able to make early diagnosis of neither pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) nor pregnancy of uncertain viability (PUV). This is because the clinical picture remained unclear or may still be in evolution and thus constitute what some scholars may describe as "indeterminate pregnancy," while the clinical puzzle lasts. In these cases, the early indeterminate clinical picture becomes more clear or apparent later if the patient adhered to the follow-up management plan as in this case. Thus, at the early stages; both clinical, biochemical and sonographic follow-up would most of the time make the clinical picture clearer; provides grounds for escalation of the care plan or provide reassurance to staff and patients that the lesion or complication was resolving or has resolved. Even before the publication of the Early Pregnancy Loss, Management, RCOG Green-top Guideline 25 of October 2006, there had been characterisation of pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) and pregnancy of uncertain viability (PUV) by clinicians as separate early pregnancy clinical entities and essentially clinically distinct from ectopic pregnancy. At early stages of evolution of these early pregnancy lesions, complications or clinical entities, there can be overlap of symptoms or presentations. However, that publication among other things, sought to streamline the use of terminologies and definitions to avoid confusions which have consequent medico-legal significance.


Good afternoon and congratulations. There has been significant progress since our gathering last year at the First Annual Summit. The inclusion of breastfeeding in major policy change initiatives is evidence of this progress. From healthcare reform to the First Lady's ''Let's Move'' initiative to end childhood obesity, it is now very clear that the role of breastfeeding is vital. The presence of the Surgeon General, Dr. Regina Benjamin, to keynote this year's summit is further evidence of progress. But, as is the case in any movement that changes the course of a society for the greater good of humanity, ours is not a fleeting or swift charge. No, we must be in this for the long haul, and our vision of victory—true victory—a time when almost all newborns are exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life, requires forging a new social norm. While we should congratulate ourselves for achieving significant momentum, we must now accelerate our efforts in new strategic ways. Let me offer a few ideas, areas in which our work must accelerate if we are to truly make exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life the norm. Make no mistake about it, marketing continues to influence the decisions that new mothers make about breastfeeding. These influences are both direct and indirect. New mothers rely heavily upon the advice and perceived wisdom of their caretakers. They turn to doctors and, perhaps, more often today to nurses and physician's assistants. If these providers do not understand the nuances of weight loss and gain in the breastfed infant, and if they have been ''educated'' or sold the perception that formula is best for the infant's well-being, a new mother's behavior will be clinched in those early interactions. Hormonal influences designed to compel her to breastfeed and assure bonding with her newborn will actually be overridden by the fear of not meeting her child's needs. Perhaps a more accurate statement is that her natural bodily instinct to nurse her baby will be overcome by the (perhaps unintended) exploitation of her vulnerability and fear at that critical moment. I watched this happen recently in the life of a dear colleague. Each return visit to the hospital with her newborn resulted in more uncertainty in her mind about the decision to continue breastfeeding. There is simply no excuse for allowing hospitals in this country to not practice the Ten Steps. All maternal centers must meet this standard. There is a global movement, led by the World Health Organization, to view health and related behaviors within a broader context of social determinants such as education, income, and environmental factors. It is time for us to bring a social determinants of health frame to this work. By emphasizing the social context in promoting breastfeeding, we may, in fact, be able to accelerate the pace of change. But we must apply this frame carefully. Education means more than convincing mothers about the benefits of breastfeeding. We must mobilize a major communications campaign that engages all forms of media positively, including the rapidly emerging world of social media. This will require new partnerships, new collaborations. We must also recognize and anticipate how the formula industry will resist and respond to the economic impact of our success. If most women breastfeed exclusively for the newborn's first 6 months of life, they will purchase less infant formula. What are the financial implications for that industry? We should include economic analysis and infant formula market projections in our planning. Education as a social determinant of breastfeeding means educating and changing the cultures of influence that have the most impact upon mothers and infants and upon their families. We will have to mobilize new stakeholders in this effort. Men and fathers must become engaged, too. They can and do have significant influence on a mother's comfort level with breastfeeding. Our next summit can have an even more diverse set of participants. We will need to engage unlikely collaborators. Young people today are adept at social media. This form of communication is driving successful campaigns of all types, from political races to movie premiers. We will need to find creative ways to engage youth and leverage this new tool as a positive, social determinant of breastfeeding, too. The social determinants of health framework will help us to reach more and different key influencers. But success for us, in a timely manner, also requires that the terms of the debate change. It is not just about a mother's decision. This issue of assuring that every newborn has access to the first food that nature intended is really about the future of our nation and our collective social purpose. While billions of dollars in healthcare costs will be saved and immeasurable levels of suffering on the part of the mothers and infants will be avoided when breastfeeding rates are optimized, we will also become a better nation. Our vision at the W.K. Kellogg Foundation is straightforward: We envision a nation that marshals its resources to assure that all children thrive. One resource yet to be adequately tapped and directed is the power of love and nurturance embodied in the lifealtering experience of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life.


The non-destructive detection of winter wheat chlorophyll content is conducted based on the spectral analysis. After analyzing the canopy spectral reflectance of winter wheat in up stage and elongation stage, we do research on the correlations between ratio index and chlorophyll content, and between normalized index and chlorophyll content, and find that spectral reflectance in visible light region was lower than near-infrared region; and with the growing of wheat, the spectral curve variation tendency of visible region and near infrared region is different; and ratio index R(870,660) and normalized index ND(660,460) have the highest correlation with chlorophyll content, whose R2 are 0.46 and 0.465, respectively. By using PLSA model to predict unknown samples of chlorophyll, the obtained maximum correlation coefficient is 0.6399 between the predictive value and the true value. All these demonstrate that detection of chlorophyll content of winter wheat using spectrum analysis is feasible.


The increasing volume of RDF data available on the Web has motivated people to try querying them. To this end, the SPARQL query language is the recommended standard to be used. However, writing SPARQL queries is not commonly considered as an easy task since it requires knowledge about RDF triple patterns and other concepts. To help matters, we present LData, an approach which provides users with a more intuitive interface for building their data requirements in terms of triples. LData is based on two issues: (i) providing users with the semantics underlying a given RDF dataset, and (ii) allowing the building of triples, which are mapped to patterns used to generate a SPARQL query. In this work, we describe LData contributions and present some accomplished results.


The problem of deriving parallel mesh partitioning algorithms for mapping unstructured meshes to parallel computers is discussed in this chapter. In itself this raises a paradox - we seek to find a high quality partition of the mesh, but to compute it in parallel we require a partition of the mesh. In fact, we overcome this difficulty by deriving an optimisation strategy which can find a high quality partition even if the quality of the initial partition is very poor and then use a crude distribution scheme for the initial partition. The basis of this strategy is to use a multilevel approach combined with local refinement algorithms. Three such refinement algorithms are outlined and some example results presented which show that they can produce very high global quality partitions, very rapidly. The results are also compared with a similar multilevel serial partitioner and shown to be almost identical in quality. Finally we consider the impact of the initial partition on the results and demonstrate that the final partition quality is, modulo a certain amount of noise, independent of the initial partition.


We describe our participation in the subtopic mining and document ranking subtasks of the NTCIR-9 Intent task, for both Chinese and Japanese languages. In the subtopic mining subtask, we experiment with a novel data-driven approach for ranking reformulations of an ambiguous query. In the document ranking subtask, we deploy our state-ofthe-art xQuAD framework for search result diversification.


The Site of WangHeung-sa Temple, the one of the famous temples of BaekJe, is located in Buyeo(扶餘), Chungnam Province, South Korea. That Temple was built in 577A.D. It had been maintained until when BaekJe was destroyed by the combined forces of Silla(新羅) and T'ang(唐). The Site is excavating from 2001 until now. In 2007, so many relics was found by the researchers in the hole of cornerstone of wooden pagoda. Especially, now we mainly concern about the sarira-caskets in the relics on the view of academy. There are three sarira-caskets, One is the bronze cylinder-shaped box, another is silver vessel, and the other is golden bottle. I Think that we should treat these sarira-caskets as very important relics in the art history of Korea, because not only the most early thing as the sarira-casket but also as the most meaningful symbols of the art of BaekJe. These three sarira-caskets were found in shape with piled up, namely one on bottom of the other. Until now, the sarira-casket from the three stories pagoda of GamEun-sa(感恩寺) are known to the most early sarira-caskets, But from now with this WangHeung-sa sarira-casket we should re-write the art history of Korea. In addition to, we should study about the carved 29 characters on the surface of the bronze cylinder-shaped box. According to the characters, we know the facts that who and when and why the sarira-caskets were made. the translation is like below. "On February 15th in 577, the king Chang(昌) of BaekJe built the temple 'for his dead prince'(or also translate to 'the Third prince of him'). From beginning there were two sariras, but later two changed to three by the creation of God." This sarira-casket shows the beauty of art of BaekJe. And it let us know the the another facts about the cause and occasions of building of WangHeung-sa and the wooden temple(王興寺). So we can have various significant historic aspects through this sarira-casket.


One of the important questions of a construction machinery groups 'fault diagnosis system is founding a appropriate system architecture.In allusion to the features of construction machinery groups 'fault diagnosis,a symptom-based hierarchical model is presented.By construct decompose and function decompose,the internal information of the construction machinery groups and the construction machine is applied in the fault diagnosis process.By applying the fault tree and the Knowledge presentation method of production rules,the system architecture is optimized.Finally,the system is realized based on the ASP technology,with the prodigious improvement of the diagnosis efficiency and the diagnosis precision.


The field of application of computer-aided design (CAD) is an integral part of the design of real-world products of construction, lifting-and-transportation, road vehicles, as well as the design of electronic products. Computer-aided design allow you to solve the most time-consuming and time-consuming tasks, carry out calculations, help you to represent the most accurate visualization of an object (3D visualization). The calculation and design of mechanical transmissions using CAD, which form the basis of most working machines, is an important component of the educational process in the training of future specialists in technical areas. In this work, some modules of computer-aided design have been analyzed to apply them to the educational process in the calculation of mechanical transmissions.


A wafer-level packaging method for MEMS structures that are desired to be encapsulated in a hermetic cavity and that need the transfer of at least a single or multiple electrical leads to the outside of the cavity without destroying the hermeticity of the cavity. Lead transfer is achieved using vertical feedthroughs that are patterned on the capping substrate within the same fabrication step to produce the encapsulating cavity. Furthermore, the structure of the vertical feedthroughs and via openings to reach these feedthroughs are arranged in such a way that conventional wirebonding would be sufficient to connect the vertical feedthroughs to the outer world, without a need for conductor-refill inside the via openings. The method is compatible with low-temperature thermocompression-based bonding/sealing processes using various sealing materials such as thin- film metals and alloys, and also with the silicon-glass anodic or silicon-silicon fusion bonding processes.


As a result of the rising standard of living of the working people and the growth of their monetary incomes, the population's deposits in savings banks are steadily growing. What is more, the savings accounts are growing at a more rapid rate than the money incomes of the population or the volume of retail trade turnover in government and cooperative trade. In four years of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the average monthly wage of workers and employees has increased by more than 15%, while the wages of collective farmers have increased by more than 22%. Real per capita income has increased by almost 19%. The volume of retail trade during this time increased by more than 41 billion rubles, or by 27%. The total deposits in savings banks between 1971 and 1974 increased from 46.6 billion rubles to 78.9 billion rubles, or by 69%. The number of savings accounts increased by 20 million and reached the 100 million mark as of January 1, 1975. The average amount on deposit increased from 581 rubles to 789 rubles.


The first step in getting your bank on the Web is to decide why you want to be there. In weighing benefits and costs, you aren't risking much if you decide on the basis of the benefits. That's because creating a Web presence is a relatively inexpensive venture; there is little risk that any "wrong" decision will lead to heavy loss of money or prestige; and it's likely that recovery from a misstep won't be too painful--indeed, you will learn from your mistakes. Your own sense of what's appropriate will be the best curbs on actions that are too rich or too cheap for your bank and your customers. Today, only a handful of pioneer banks--mostly big ones--offer on-line banking services over the Internet. For almost every other bank, that move is many months away--probably years. What, then, are some likely benefits of getting on the Web now? Here are five, in the writer's order of importance. 1. Reinforce your bank's unique local identity through Internet-based community services. 2. Keep in sync with your Internet-oriented customers. 3. Begin to reorient your staff to an Internet culture. 4. Begin the multi-year conversion to Internet banking. 5. Market present products through the Internet. A general strategy for gaining these benefits over time is to start early and grow with the Internet. Assuming that you aren't ready to offer Internet banking, your first big decision is whether to be your own Web host or rent space from a service provider. Be your own host... To be your own host on the Web, you'll need a server and a router (about $10,000), plus server software for handling Web pages, e-mail, and mailing lists (another $1,500). You'll also need a line connecting your bank to the Internet (typically $1,500 for setup and $600/mo. for a medium-speed dedicated line). [Note: These prices vary widely and change frequently.] You'll have to provide your own "Webmaster," a knowledgeable employee assigned to keep the system going. His or her job includes acquiring programs that search databases, record users' entries from fill-in-the-blank forms and translate them into e-mail messages, let users click on graphical "maps" of data, and process survey information, checklists, and multiple-choice forms. And you'll surely want a function that enables users to calculate interest rates, etc. This is a serious commitment of in-house resources that is not for the faint of heart. What you'll gain is the benefits of tighter operational control and a fast-paced learning experience. Or move in with someone else... Most likely, you'll be more comfortable moving into the Internet era at a slower pace. Service providers in every region are anxious to design your Web pages and store them at their Web site. Aside from the inconvenience of creating the initial setup at a distance, your Web site can reside on a server anywhere in the world. Although there is small risk of catastrophic loss due an irresponsible provider, there is the risk of alienating current or future customers, so "due diligence" in selecting a vendor is in order. …


To enhance Java programming studies, we have developed a Web-based Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS) that offers several types of programming exercises with automatic grading functions to cover various levels of them. Among them, the code correction problem (CRP) requests a student to correct a given source code that have intentionally injected errors, so that it can pass the unit test on JUnit using test code that describes the specifications of the code such as names and data types of classes, methods, and variables. In Java, a lot of class libraries are available, which makes this language popular in various practical applications. Thus, the study of their proper use is important for students. In this paper, we extend CRP for class library studies by considering method names in class libraries for errors in the error injection algorithm. As the first step study, Wrapper classes are selected in generating CRP instances. We confirm the effectiveness of this extension through preliminary applications to 10 students in Okayama University.


In the title compound, C7H5NO4, the nitro group and the aldehyde group are inclined to the benzene ring by 16.6 (3) and 15.6 (3)°, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linked via O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [100]. The chains are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional structure.


This paper mainly describes and introduces the driving principle of hydraulic clamping system of a special CNC machine tool for guide disc and it also makes a meticulous description for how to do the design calculation and model selection to the key components of the hydraulic clamping system. The clamping mechanism can ensure the guide disc's automatic clamping, making it safe, reliable and able to lower the labor intensity of the operators.


To individualize tutoring for students is a main goal to design CAIsystem.In this paper,we present a multi-level dynamic tutoring sequence planningapproach based on knowledge networks.It utilizes fuzzy operations whichsynthesizes factors(such as learnning theory,inner relationship of knowledge,students learnning and individual requirement)to adjust the procedure of planning,and solves nonliner dynamic planning of tutoring and integrated control oftutoring procedure.The efficacy of the approach and the principle of CAI are alsodiscussed.


Digital video broadcasting (DVB) technology can be used for providing Internet protocol (IP) based services along with audio and video broadcasting. A new protocol, called unidirectional lightweight protocol (ULE) has been defined by the IETF for the transport of IP datagrams over DVB. ULE provides several benefits over the existing mechanisms used in DVB for transporting IP data. This paper describes an extension to the ULE protocol to provide security for IP services over DVB. The different security requirements for IP over DVB services are discussed. The mechanisms and security extensions for ULE to satisfy these requirements are described. Simulation results are also presented to show the impact of these security mechanisms on the IP traffic


[Red Cross Archives series reference: V94]

Minutes of the Victorian Division Annual General Meetings, typed and signed by the Victorian Division Chairman and pasted into bound volumes.

All minutes are proceeded with a public notice, published in local newspapers announcing and inviting persons to the forthcoming annual meeting. These notices contained information on meeting date, place and order of business. Additionally all years contain the Agenda, Minutes as well as the published Annual Report.

Researchers should note that under the Geneva Conventions Act 1957 protections govern the use of the Red Cross emblem. For further information see Archives staff.


Exchange of notes constituting an agreement between the Argentine Republic and the Eastern Republic of Uruguay concerning the number of delegates per country in the Joint Technical Commission of Salto Grande. Montevideo, 1 June 2005 and Buenos Aires, 22 June 2005


The objective of this paper is two-fold. First, it aims to assess recent trends in women's employment and labour market participation with a focus on the changes in the 'type' of occupation (temporary vs. regular and part-time vs. full-time) women are involved in. Secondly, it examines the role played by the interplay of macro-institutional factors and policies and individual characteristics in explaining the observed trends and cross-country differences by means of a multi-level approach. In particular, it questions the role that the reforms towards a model of a 'flexicure' labour market have played in explaining recent trends in women's participation.


Background: The diagnosis of latent or active tuberculosis in children is often challenging. Recently, interferon-&ggr; release assays have been licensed, but their diagnostic accuracy in young children remains questionable as frequent false-negative or indeterminate results have been reported. Methods: We performed a multicenter, retrospective study in children 0–24 months of age who were tested at least once with QuantiFERON-TB Gold-in-tube (QTF-IT) ± tuberculin skin test (TST), to analyze its use and performance in clinical practice. Results: Eight-hundred and twenty-three children (449 males, median age 13.5 months) were enrolled. QTF-IT sensitivity and specificity for active tuberculosis were 92.4% and 98.6%, respectively. Indeterminate tests (4.2 %) were not related to age (P = 0.838) or gender (P = 0.223); 32 children (91.4 %) with an indeterminate QTF-IT ultimately resulted uninfected. In the 616 subjects with valid paired results of QTF-IT and TST, sensitivity and specificity were comparable (91.1% vs. 85.1% and 98.1% vs. 97.9%, respectively). Diagnostic concordance between tests was higher in Bacillus Calmétte-Guerin nonvaccinated children (&kgr; = 0.802). A high rate of discordant tests was observed in latent infections. Conclusions: QTF-IT showed good sensitivity and specificity, and a low rate of indeterminate results in the first 2 years of life, supporting its use at this age. However, considering costs and the similar performance between QTF-IT and TST, it is reasonable to suggest the latter as first-line testing in young children. The complementary use of TST and interferon-&ggr; release assays may be considered in selected cases to improve the accuracy of testing.


In the present work, a two-step carbothermal reduction method is employed to prepare the AlN–SiC solid solution (AlN–SiCss) powders by using a combustion synthesized precursor. The precursor is prepared by low-temperature combustion synthesis (LCS) method using a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate, silicic acid, polyacrylamide, glucose, and urea. The synthesized LCS precursor exhibits a porous and foamy uniform mixture of Al2O3 + SiO2 + C consisting of flaky particles. The carbothermal reduction in the LCS precursor is carried out in two steps. First, the precursors are calcined at 1600°C in argon for 3 h. Subsequently, the precursors are further calcined at 1600°C–1900°C in nitrogen for 3 h. The results indicate that the precursor calcined at and above 1850°C in nitrogen for 3 h yields the single-phase AlN–SiCss powders. The synthesized AlN–SiCss powder exhibits near-spherical particles with diameter of 200–500 nm. The experimental and thermodynamical results reveal that the formation of AlN–SiCss occurs via the diffusion of AlN into SiC by virtue of formation of a highly defective β′ intermediate during the second step reaction.


Background:

Herpes zoster (HZ), or shingles, is caused by the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) years after an initial varicella infection. About one million cases occur in the U.S. each year, most of them in individuals older than 60. The acute episode of unilateral vesicular eruption is often associated with severe pain; a debilitating, age-related, treatment-refractory complication, postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), can last for months. Although prompt treatment with antiviral drugs such as famciclovir shortens the duration of the initial rash and pain, these agents do not prevent PHN. Waning cell-mediated immunity to VZV is thought to underlie HZ's age-related incidence and …


Rough set theory is a relatively new soft computing tool, it can effectively analyze and process information systems. Traditionally, the information system is assumed to be perfect, i.e attribute values are not missing and supposed to be precise. However, imperfect information system is ubiquitous. In this paper, we investigate rough set and rough classification of imperfect information system, and several reduction methods like distribution reduction,maximum distribution reduction,assignment reduction and approximate reduction. Information quantity and conditional information quantity are defined to express indispensable attributes under incomplete information systems. Based on conditional information quantity, a heuristic algorithm for maximum distribution reduction is presented.Finally, the experimental result shows this algorithm can find its maximum distribution reduction for incomplete information system.


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Dr Charles Webster,* a physician from Yarmouth, NS, wrote an article in the Nova Scotia Medical Bulletin in May 1933, in which he recounted a historic operation that he assisted in in the early 1880s at age 16. At the time, Charles was apprenticed to his father, Dr John Webster,


A method of preparing three-dimensional copper cellular architecture by multiple-step electrodeposition without any polymer framework is reported in this article. Simultaneously, the physical properties and strengthening mechanism of this material in the second electrodeposition was also investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, mechanical testing, and linear sweep voltammetry. During this process, a series of positive internal structural changes occurred inside the first deposited copper foam, which led to the improvement of mechanical strength and bonding force with the substrate.


This article investigates the effect of unsolicited electronic messages, also known as spam and spim, on perceptions of e-mail and instant messaging usefulness. It is hypothesized that spam and spim should have a negative effect on electronic communication system usefulness, but the survey findings do not support this. Users seem to have coped with spam and spim through a combination of technical and non-technical solutions. The implications of these findings are discussed from the perspective of researchers, marketers, electronic communication service providers, and public policy.


The social support from the Community perspective provide us an innovative approach about the support proceedings within education (Gallego- Vega, 2011). Res...


Line listing of cases today seems to be skillfully missing; belated smses from the websites, I can hear them hissingPathetic is the story in our country today; we pat our back ourselves and the virus sheds away.Are we really bothered of the thermal assault; can we rely on the VVM and say it's not at any faultAlas if an adult or elderly get polio in India today; shattered will be our dreams of eradication per say.Newborn hepatitis we advocate world over; do privates, corporates, bureaucrats really admireWhat's the cost Doc is what everybody ask; poor health worker, anganwadi worker and ANM is just put to tasks.Are our injections absolutely safe today; do we know what universal safety precautions mean anyway,In a country where parenteral vaccines are given orally and vice versa; can we consider our designations, salaries, AC rooms and a cup of coffee as a bursa?Is supervision really done in a supportive fashion; no available needle cutters at vaccines sites adds to confusion,How can we advocate no recapping of a needles, is the poor cleaning staff not at risk if he fiddles?Are refrigerators not flooded with vegetables and vaccines beside; this is where impotent vaccines usually reside,The Passionate expert group today has a lot of glory and fame; our vision and mission is in a meticulous frame.Is this what we want to really advocate; is this what we want our students to learn and grow up?Is this what we want our lay public to be informed about; is our dream only to be economically stout? Vaccinating close to the schedule, mobilization of beneficiaries is not a tough game; Intensification Routine Immunization is not a distant dream,Vaccine delay as justice delayed is vaccine denied; advocate this and we will be bring back to our country its lost pride.


Abstract:According to the "awareness principle," a mental state is conscious only if the subject of that state is aware of it. This article develops and defends an argument for the awareness principle. The basic idea, presented originally by the sixth-century Indian philosopher Dignāga, is based on two fundamental ideas: (1) all conscious states are such that their subject can remember their occurrence at least at some later time, and (2) one can remember an event only if one was aware of it at the time of its occurrence. It follows that all conscious states are such that their subject is aware of them at the time of their occurrence.


Experiments have been made to investigate the control of TOG (total organic carbon) in ultrapure water for IC fabrication from the point of view of production managements. Through the data statistics of the on-line TOG content measurements of 1st and 2nd pure water, the effect of the key equipment in two different ultrapure water production systems for removal of TOG is evaluated.


tion of whether an MDT meeting changed a patient's treatment. Unpublished data from the MERCURY dataset showed that fewer than 8% of patients with rectal cancer had their treatment plan changed. Nowadays, in large-volume units, the review of many 'routine' cases where the treatment algorithm has been followed is perhaps to the detriment of the meeting, and reduces the value of the educational component. Furthermore, it is difficult to define what value the process has had in the UK in terms of adding value to outcome. We contend that the MDT has a different role, namely to discuss areas of treatment uncertainty where uncertainty exists and to assess treatment according to best evidence, or engage in national/international data collection to reduce uncertainty by observation of outcome or inclusion in clinical trial. Accurate annual assessment of standardized data within a unit will reveal concordance with the national/international outcome. Not every case needs to be discussed, but some may need significantly more discussion than they currently attract.


The invention relates to a method for determining a leakage in a hydraulic brake system (1) of a vehicle, in which (a) at least two wheel brakes (2.11) by means respectively of a pressure modulation unit 8.10 8.11 9.10 9.11) a slip control of the (of each vehicle wheel 2.1) associated with the wheel brake (2.11) is carried out, b) for carrying out the slip control of the wheel brakes (2.11) hydraulically with an electrically controllable pressure source (3, 3.1) are connected, wherein a pressure fluid volume from a pressure medium container (5.2) is promoted to generate a corresponding brake pressure, c) detecting the (from the pressure source 3, promoted 3.1) pressure fluid volume, d) there is provided a pressure sensor (S, S1) for detecting the brake pressure generated due to the pressure medium conveyed volume, e) a model value for the (from the pressure sensor S, S1) detected as a function of the detected pressure medium volume pressure value is set, wherein the model value indicating a theoretically correct value of the required for the construction of the detected pressure value pressure fluid volume, f) a difference value is determined, which indicates the difference between the pressure medium volume conveyed and the model value and g) the difference value is compared with a threshold value, thereby indicating when it exceeds the threshold value by the difference value leakage.


Abstract Zinc (Zn) speciation was determined in a Zn pre‐treated Andosol, Inceptisol, and a Vertisol before and after adding phosphate. The fractions obtained, i.e., soluble, exchangeable, iron‐manganese (Fe‐Mn) bound, chelated and insoluble organic forms had a different distribution in the three soils. The exchangeable form predominated in the Andosol, followed by Fe‐Mn oxide bound Zn and minor amounts of the chelated forms, whereas Fe‐Mn oxide bound Zn was very abundant in the Inceptisol and Vertisol. Sizable amounts of the exchangeable form were also present. Phosphate pre‐treatment of the Inceptisol and Vertisol did not alter the distribution of the different forms of Zn, whereas in the Andosol the exchangeable as well as the Fe‐Mn oxide bound Zn increased markedly, chelated Zn also increased somewhat.


Anisole, [Me-2H3]anisole, and [18O]anisole have been used as substrates to study the mechanisms of oxidative demethylation by model systems for the cytochrome P450 dependent mono-oxygenases. The size of the kinetic isotope effect for the demethylation can be used as a sensitive probe of the oxidation mechanism and as a method for classifying the chemical systems. By this procedure 17 mono-oxygenase models and four microsomal systems have been examined. Two systems involving iron(III) prophyrins and iodosylbenzene show large kinetic isotope effects comparable with those from the microsomal oxidations and can be considered as good models for the biological process. The remaining systems exhibit smaller isotope effects, kH/kD 1–3.4. Alternative mechanisms for the oxidative demethylations are discussed and the major routes are shown to be either radical ipso-substitution or attack on the C–H bond of the methoxy-group.


Mister chairman, members and guests of this annual meeting, dear colleagues, ladies and gentlemen, it is a great honor and privilege for me to present the Paul Dudley White International Lecture during this 70th Scientific Session of the American Heart Association. I have chosen to talk about "Stroke in Women" not so much because I am one of the few representatives of this (up to now) rare species of female neurologists, but because stroke in women is a major health issue that has been somewhat neglected in the past but is now attracting more and more attention, as illustrated by the creation of the AHA Web site "Take Wellness to Heart."

Although many aspects of stroke, particularly with regard to clinical presentation, neuroimaging, and management, are similar in both sexes,1 there are also some differences and specificities that I would like to highlight in considering the following 4 main issues: (1) the burden of stroke, which is increasing more rapidly in women than in men; (2) stroke prevention and the role of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT); (3) pregnancy and stroke; and (4) stroke in young women.

Misperceptions still exist that cardiovascular disease is not a real problem for women, who are far more fearful of breast or ovarian cancers than of stroke or myocardial infarction. Yet it is estimated that 1 in 3 women will die of heart disease and 1 in 6 of stroke, whereas 1 in 9 will develop breast carcinoma at any time during adult life and 1 in 25 will eventually die of it.2 The Global Burden of Disease Study has shown that ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are, respectively, the first and second causes of …


The anthropometric data used in everyday ergonomics are not always as reliable as one supposes them to be. This is due in part to the difficulty of measuring a large enough sample, and in part to the psychological conditions of the particular subject observed. This work draws attention to the indeterminacy induced by the emotional state of the subject of un observation.


The use of GC/MS for the separation, identification, and quantification of organic compounds has grown tremendously. The gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC/MS) technique has established itself as a definitive analytical tool for the determination of unknown compounds in a variety of matrices. In the spring of 1991, Viking Instruments introduced a commercial transportable GC/MS system with fieldable capabilities for on-site screening as well as more extensive laboratory-quality sample analysis (Definitive or EPA Level 3). The demonstrated field utility of these systems, combined with advances in power supply and vacuum pump designs, has resulted in a desire to build these powerful systems even smaller without compromising data quality. Workers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) recognized early the utility of the small GC/MS systems for a variety of analyses. LLNL was and is currently specifically interested in chemical warfare treaty verification and defense environmental restoration work and began to design a portable GC/MS in parallel with Viking. Over the past year the authors have combined their resources and talents in designing and constructing a GC/MS system that represents a more advanced state than either of their individual efforts. This system is hardware-configurable depending on particular analysis requirements and yet will provide amore » data acquisition and analysis software platform similar to that found in state-of-the-art laboratory-based systems.« less


Presented experimental data on the method of determining the functional state of the static and dynamic strength endurance of the foot and lower leg, set the correlation relationship between these parameters and physical development of young men aged 15-17.


Since early Athenian times, when Aristotle was philosophising about the correct way to live the good life, a proliferation of academic theories and religious texts have considered the question of human quality of life and wellbeing. Which housing characteristics, neighbourhood amenities, and urban public services are important in determining individuals' level of wellbeing or quality of life? How policy makers decide where to focus their limited resources? These are basic but critically important questions for citywide planning authorities and neighbourhood organizations that frequently must make decisions about the provision of urban services as they try to enhance the living standards in cities. Making such decisions is very challengeable since many such services and amenities are not traded in the direct markets, and there is little reason for individuals to disclose their true demands or valuation. This paper presents a summary of the outcomes derived from applying Hedonic Price and Life Satisfaction methodologies to provide such valuation for Shiraz city case study.


Hydrographs of ephemeral streams in an arid region usually decrease significantly in magnitude, downstream, unless they are augmented by tributary flows. Estimation of outflow hydrographs from a channel reach is essential for the development of water-resources systems. A hydrologic-flow-routing technique for arid ephemeral channels is developed. The hydrologic-routing equations for the movement of flood waves are modified by the inclusion of a nonlinear volumetric transmission loss rate term, which is empirically estimated from the observed inflow-outflow data for a channel reach. The predicted outflow hydrographs match better with the observed than the outflow hydrographs generated through the lumped regression model for ephemeral channels. The hydrologic-flow-routing technique may also be used for ungaged channel reaches through parameterization.


The invention discloses a detection method of an automobile seat electrical detection system. The detection method of the automobile seat electrical detection system comprises the steps of detection of a seat belt buckle, detection of an airbag, detection of a ventilation motor, detection of an electric motor, detection of a seat motor with a memory function, and an SBR detection. According to the detection method of the automobile seat electrical detection system, the operation is convenient, a user only needs to scan a barcode with a scanning gun, the system automatically judges the seat type according to the barcode, the detection system conducts corresponding detection processing according to the seat type and displays the detection result in a color mode, so that the detection result can be known clearly without referring to the security technology index range.


This research conducted an experimental and numerical study of the solidification process of a water saturated porous medium. The experiments were conducted in a rectangular test cell cooled from the lateral walls to obtain quantitative temperature distribution and solidification interface motion. Solid glass and steel particles were used as the porous medium and distilled water was the phase-change material. A one-dimensional mathematical model considered heat conduction as the only mode of heat transfer in both the frozen and unfrozen layer. A comparison of the experimental data with numerical predictions of the interface position and temperature distribution showed good agreement and thus confirmed the proposed mathematical model for a system of glass particles and water. For a system of steel particles and water, the computed results give the same trends as the experimental data.


An inservice training session triggered a crisis of confidence for a veteran teacher, but it also inspired her to rethink her approach to teaching reading and writing.


Maurizio Trevisan, MD, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, State University of NY at Buffalo, 2211 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 (USA) Dear Sir, Recently Diez et al. [1] have addressed the issue of the relationship between uremia and red blood cell sodium transport. Among the different erythrocyte sodium transport systems studied, the authors report on the lithium-stimulated sodium efflux and conclude that this pathway is not altered in uremic patients. We believe that the interpretation of the data by Diez et al. is incorrect. Hemodialysis patients show on the average an increase of about 24% compared to both controls and transplant recipients (105 vs. 85 μmol/l RBC/h), and, contrary to what the authors state, this difference does reach statistical significance. Using the unpaired t test formula on the authors' data, a t of 2.45 is calculated, with 39 degrees of freedom (p value < 0.02). Analysis of variance with multiple comparison procedure using the Scheffe method gives similar results. Transplant recipients have average values of lithium-stimulated sodium efflux identical to controls. The difference between transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients does not reach statistical significance because of the limited sample size involved in the comparison, resulting in a reduced statistical power. In a forthcoming paper [2], we have compared the lithium-stimulated sodium efflux between male hemodialysis patients and a group of controls. Patients, on the average, have a 28% increase in the maximal velocity of the lithium-stimulated sodium efflux compared to controls and this difference reaches statistical significance at the 0.05 level. Both the findings of Diez et al. [1] and our own findings are in agreement with the suggestion of Woods et al. [3] of an increased countertransport in uremic patients. The conclusions therefore from the report of Diez et al. [1] should be that, in addition to the ouabain-sensitive Na efflux (Na-K pump) and the bu-metamide-sensitive Na efflux (Na/K cotransport), uremia affects the lithium-stimulated sodium efflux (NaLi countertransport) and that this latter alteration seems to be reversed after renal transplantation. The difference detected between the hemodialysis patients and controls in the report of Diez et al. is similar to the difference found between male normotensives and essential hypertensive patients [4]. The possibility that hypertensive and uremic patients share similar abnormalities in the lithium-stimulated lithium efflux is interesting and needs to be explored further. The study of ion transport in uremic patients could help, in fact, to gain important insights into the pathophysiology on both hypertension and uremia. References


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact and inexpensive demodulator, antenna device and receiving device which can have a simple circuit configuration while maintaining the accuracy of a reception sensitivity. SOLUTION: The demodulator includes a space diversity receiving device 36 for selecting any of high frequency signals transmitted through power supply lines 4 from antenna devices 20 located in the vicinity of a plurality of antennas 5 or combining the high frequency signals, a demodulation circuit 31 for demodulating the high frequency signal selected or combined by the space diversity receiving device 36, and a control voltage generating circuit 320 for generating a DC control voltage to adjust a frequency characteristic of an impedance matching circuit 22 built in the antenna device 20 to fall in an allowable range in response to a receive frequency, superimposing such DC control voltages and outputting the superimposed voltage to a power supply line 4. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT