Schooling practices, both in traditional and more contemporary educational institutions, consider the child a tabula rasa, on which society writes itself through socialisation practices beginning in the family and through educational processes that emphasise conformity, similarity and homogeneity. This is evident in our curriculum and evaluation processes, all of which have a benchmark against which a child's performance is measured. The academic conformity that is expected of children is only one aspect of the problem that plagues education in the severely competitive Indian secondary school system. The greater predicament is the expectation of the child's commitment to society and its goals and the perception that the task of schools is to ensure that students learn and know how to 'adjust' and 'fit into' society. Of course, there are children who rebel and are considered deviant; and there are children who consciously endeavour to be different, not in a self-conscious or self-oriented manner, but as individuals committed to developing a new society that is based on justice and equality, and a concern for nature and the environment, for social renewal and change. This, however, is not a widespread phenomenon as these attributes are generally not valued or encouraged in either public or private schools in contemporary India.


Starting in Shanghai in 2003,community correction system has made a significant contribution to Chinese criminal justice system. Decision,made in Eighteen Third Plenary Session,requires to perfect community correction system,which can be seen as a new requirement on the basis of present social development. Perfecting community correction system,which embodies the superiority of our society,is fully aware of not only the requirements emerged in the shift of governing mode in the innovative society,but also the deficiencies and defects existing in the process of its development. Overall,it is necessary and important to perfect community correction system.


Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of small bowel wall edema (SBWE) on computed tomography (CT) images in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with sunitinib and to investigate the relationship between the presence of SBWE and survival.

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the presence of SBWE on CT images of 27 mRCC patients who received at least one cycle of sunitinib. Then, we analyzed the relationship between the presence of SBWE and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS
All 27 patients had SBWE on at least one CT scan. The median value of SBWE thickness was 2.5 mm. SBWE thickness was ≤2.5 mm in 13 patients (group A) and >2.5 mm in 14 patients (group B). The median OS was significantly higher in group B (55 vs. 18 months, respectively, P = 0.02). Although it was not statistically significant (13 vs. 8 months, respectively, P = 0.69), the median PFS was longer in group B than in group A.

CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that sunitinib treatment caused SBWE in all patients with mRCC who received the drug. Also, this study demonstrated an association between higher SBWE thickness and better survival outcomes.


The paper reports on experimental data on the extraction of caffeine, coffee oil and chlorogenic acids from green coffee beans using pure supercritical CO2 and supercritical CO2 modified with ethanol (5% w/w) and isopropyl alcohol (5% w/w) at 50 and 60oC and 15.2 24.8 e 35.2 MPa. In this study extraction kinetics were obtained for all assays i.e. samples were collected at several time intervals for each solvent and mixed solvent. When pure CO2 and CO2-ethanol mixed solvent were used, an increase in pressure resulted in an increase in the amount of oil extracted. When CO2 was modified with isopropyl alcohol, the amount of coffee oil extracted also increased with pressure. Caffeine extraction initially increased and subsequently decreased with pressure. Chlorogenic acids were only extracted when isopropyl alcohol was used as a co-solvent. An increase in extraction temperature resulted in a decrease of caffeine and oil extraction (retrograde condensation) when only CO2 was used as solvent. With the use of co-solvent this retrograde behavior was no longer observed and the increase in temperature resulted in the increase in the extracted amounts of caffeine, coffee oil and chlorogenic acids.


The equal areas rule method is used to determine the velocity-field characteristic (v = v(E)) from the experimental data measured on a GaAs sample when a high-field domain is in transit. The v = v(E) characteristic is close to that measured by Ruch and Kino for the electric fields below about 15 kV/cm and does not saturate for higher electric fields, which is in agreement with Heinle's theoretical analysis.


For two-dimensional Eden clusters grown on flat substrates the way the perimeter per unit length and the surface width depend on the orientation of the substrate with respect to the lattice is measured. The evolution of the perimeter per unit length during growth is shown to be independent of the substrate length. For the surface width strong corrections to scaling are observed. The anisotropy of three-dimensional Eden clusters and its implications for the scaling of the surface width are investigated. The largest two and three-dimensional clusters studied are more than one order of magnitude larger than in previous simulations.


20-nm-thick and 50-nm-thick ${\text{La}}_{0.7}{\text{Sr}}_{0.3}{\text{MnO}}_{3}$ films were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on Si (001) substrates overlaid by a 20-nm-thick ${\text{SrTiO}}_{3}$ (001) buffer layer. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy studies demonstrate their epitaxial (001) orientation. Their static magnetic properties are investigated as a function of the temperature using a superconducting quantum interference device. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) inside a cavity and microstrip ferromagnetic resonance (MS-FMR) are used to study their dynamic properties. The field dependence of the MS-FMR resonance frequency as a function of a perpendicular applied field provides a precise evaluation of the $g$ factor and of the effective demagnetizing field $4\ensuremath{\pi}{M}_{eff}$ at room temperature. The perpendicular uniaxial and the in-plane anisotropies strongly decrease versus temperature. The excellent epitaxial crystallographic orientation due to the ${\text{SrTiO}}_{3}$ buffer gives rise to an observed fourfold symmetry of the in-plane anisotropy which is assumed of magnetocrystalline nature. The large perpendicular uniaxial anisotropy gives rise to an effective demagnetizing field significantly larger than the resulting one from the sole contribution of the saturation magnetization. It is most probably induced by the interfacial strain.


This article discusses the use of information technology in higher education and the organization of the educational process on this basis, the development of pedagogical principles for the process of creating a distance e-learning course and the formation of practical skills.


Most corpus-based approaches to language learning have focused on tasks for which a sufficient amount of human-labeled training data is available. However, it is difficult to produce such data, and models trained from such data tend to be brittle when applied to domains that vary, even in seemingly minor ways, from the training data. We claim that these difficulties can by overcome by applyingsemi-supervised learning techniques. Semi-supervised techniques learn from both labeled and "raw" data. In our case, the latter is raw text. Several researchers have used semi-supervised techniques for language learning (Nigam et al. 2000; Blum & Mitchell 1998; Joachims 1999; Riloff & Jones 1999), but we believe that this area is not yet well explored and definitely not well understood. Therefore, we present a challenge problem for semi-supervised learning: semantic role labeling and semantic relationship annotation. Semantic role labeling was introduced by Gildea & Jurafsky (2002), and we added semantic relationship annotation in Thompson, Levy, & Manning (2003). This problem is a difficult one for semisupervised techniques, for three reasons. First, there are many possible classes (the role labels) for examples. Second, sequence learning is involved. Third, the learning scenario is plagued by sparse data problems. We describe the role labeling problem, our learning model and its extendibility to semi-supervised learning, and some preliminary experiments. Semantic Role Labeling Extracting semantic meaning from the surface form of sentences is important for many understanding tasks performed by human and machine alike. These include inference, antecedent resolution, word sense disambiguation, or even syntactic tasks such as prepositional phrase attachment. We focus here on a particular type of semantic analysis, that of determining the semantic roles and relationships at play in a sentence. For example, in the sentence ∗Some of this work was supported by an ARDA Aquaint grant while the author was a Visiting Assistant Professor at Stanford University. Carolin Arnold at the University of Utah was crucial in running the EM experiments. Copyright c © 2004, American Association for Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. "The hammer broke the vase," we may want to find the participants, or roles, in the breaking action. In this case the roles are instrument , filled by "the hammer," andpatient, filled by "the vase." We may also care about the over-arching relationship created by these roles and the breaking action, which by the theory we are using is the CAUSE TO FRAGMENT relationship. Having semantic roles allows one to recognize the semantic arguments of a situation, even when expressed in different syntactic configurations. For example, in "I broke the vase with the hammer," the vase and hammer play the same roles as in the previous sentence. We have developed a generative model for performing this type of semantic analysis. Generative models are probability models representing a joint distribution over a set of variables. The specific probability settings are called parameters. As pointed out by Jurafsky (2003) and others, probabilistic models capture cognitively plausible aspects of human language processing, generation, and learning. Our model takes as input the constituents of a sentence and a predicatorword (or phrase) from that sentence. In the previous examplebrokeis the predicator. The predicator takes semantic role arguments, instantiated by the constituents. We learn the parameters for this model from a body of examples provided by the FrameNet corpus (Baker, Fillmore, & Lowe 1998). The problem and some elements of our approach are similar to that of Gildea & Jurafsky (2002), but our work differs by use of a generative, not a discriminative (conditional), model. We also add the inference of the overarching relationship between the roles, called the frame.


FEZ1 gene is located in the 8p22 and encoded a 67-kda leucine-zipper protein with growth regulating effect on cells.FEZ1 gene plays an important role in the development of many human cancers,including prostate,esophageal,gastric,bladder and breast cancer,and so on,in which the FEZ1 protein is absent or reduced,but the mechanism about tumorigenesis is not very clear.The FEZ1 gene can inhibit tumor cells growth and regulate mitosis,and has been demonstrated to be associated with kinesin and microtubule protein,take part in the development of schizophrenia and the regulation of neurons.Therefore,FEZ1 gene may be a cell growth controlling gene.


A two stage international landscape and urban regeneration design competition was held last year for the site of a former Brikettfabrik at Witznitz near Borna in the south Leipzig region of Germany. The design of the winning entry was based on architectural, urban and landscape design strategies developed over the past five years. This paper opens with an introduction to these ideas and related theoretical precedents. There follows a description of the project's context and of the design itself.


The objective of the conference on "Leadership, Altruism, and Social Organization" was to bring researchers together who were interested in exploring the functioning of the nonprofit sector. The conference and this special issue focus on three themes. First, what causes social and volunteer-based organizations to successfully compete against a private enterprise? Second, why do individuals or organizations take the lead in providing or securing provision of public goods? Third, what are the consequences of having altruistically motivated agents, and how can such motives be sustained? Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc..


Through the ethnographic exploration of the trial and murder conviction of military commissioners for their participation in the massacre of Rio Negro, the NGO-sponsored exhumation of clandestine cemeteries as well as other human rights NGO initiatives, this article discusses contemporary debates about truth versus justice, national security ideology and impunity, and the role of national and international NGOs. The author problematizes rule of law and the role (both real and potential) of NGOs in national and local peace-building initiatives. The Rio Negro court case is explored from the perspective of Maya massacre survivors, as well as the roles of the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation, the Archbishop's Office on Human Rights and the Commission for Historical Clarification in this case. This article calls attention to the myriad ways in which rural Maya have created and seized new political spaces in Guatemala's nascent democracy and often done so in tandem with NGOs. Further, Maya human rights organizing is identified as a nexus of engagement between Maya citizens and the nation. This article points to the absolute necessity of Maya participation in constructing national and community political structures and practices for NGO projects to realize their creative intention to develop a new moral vision of equality and human rights in Guatemala.


The effect of high light on PSⅡ of two wheat cultivars grown in shade and full sunlight were investigated by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics after high light treatment for 3 hours.The results showed that only acceptor side of PSⅡ in shaded 01-35 leaves was damaged by light stress,but the damage of reaction centers,donor and acceptor sides were all found in shaded leaves of L-14.Therefore,01-35 was more tolerant to light stress after shade was removed.


To solve the conflict between the radar range and distance resolution effectively, this paper design and realize a method of pulse compression of radar system. Firstly, the paper describes the working principle of pulse compression. Then a method of pulse compression simulation is designed based on chirp signal and frequency domain filtering design. And the softwares of Matlab and Modelsim are used to the simulation of this method .Finally, the design is downloaded to the chip of Field Programming Gate Array and realizes the pulse compression of chirp signal. The experimental results show that the method described in this article realizes the pulse compression of radar system and has certain feasibility and practicability.


The space allocation and aisle positioning problem (SAAPP) in a material handling system with gravity flow racks is the problem of minimizing the total number of replenishments over a period subject to practical constraints related to the need for aisles granting safe and easy access to storage locations. In this paper, we develop an exact dynamic programming algorithm for the SAAPP. The computational study shows that our exact algorithm can be used to find optimal solutions for numerous SAAPP instances of moderate size. This paper has been accepted for publication in the Journal of the Operational Research Society. The contribution is reprinted with permission: Bodnar, P. and Lysgaard, J. (2013). A dynamic programming algorithm for the space allocation and aisle positioning problem. Journal of the Operational Research Society. doi:10.1057/jors.2013.64


The current-voltage (I–U) characteristics, both under illumination from the photosensitivity region and the dark I–U characteristics, are studied in MeBi2O3Me structures at different temperatures versus sample thickness and the configuration and material of electrodes. In the I–U characteristics four distinct regions are observed: ohmic I ∼ U, superlinear I ∼ Un > 1, the region of reverse bend where the degree of nonlinearity decreases and approximates the value of n = 1, and the second superlinear region I ∼ Un > 1. With increasing temperature of the samples the degree of nonlinearity decreases, the voltage in the beginning of the superlinear region increases slightly. In MeBi2O3Me structures the nonlinear I–U characteristics are explained in terms of a semiconductor model with intergrain barriers. The height of intergrain barriers (φ0 = (0.19 to 0.24) eV) and the average size of crystallites (h = (0.25 to 0.35) μm) for δ-Bi2O3 films are determined from the experimental I–U characteristics.

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There is currently increasing interest in the use of flow microfluorometry (FMF) instrumentation for rapid and quantitative measurement of DNA content, protein content, etc., of individual cells (Mullaney et al., 1974). Fluorescently stained cells pass singly through a focused argon-ion laser beam. The fluorescent light is collected at right angles to the laser beam, and the intensity is measured by a photomultiplier tube coupled through amplifiers to a multichannel analyser. The fluorescent intensity (corresponding to channel number) is proportional to the DNA content of each cell. This type of instrumentation has been used to measure the cell cycle distribution changes in a rat rhabdomyosarcoma (in vivo and in vitro) after radiation exposure (Kal, 1973a, b). We have reported previously the changes of age distribution of KHT sarcoma tumour cells with time after radiation treatment (Raju et al., 1974). The present preliminary study describes changes in normal and tumour cell populations of an 85-year-old ...


When mulberry seedlings were planted in soils brought from mulberry fields where mosaic disease was severe, the seedlings showed ringspot and enation symptoms on the leaves 6 to 17 months after planting, reconfirming Okabe's conclusion (1959) that mosaic is a soil-borne disease.From the leaves showing enation and/or ringspot symptoms of these experimentally infected seedling, a virus was isolated by juice inoculation to cowpea, Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, and C. murale. In electronmicroscopy, the virus was found to be spherical, about 22mμ in diameter. The virus reacted with antiserum to mulberry ringspot virus prepared by Dr. T. Tsuchizaki, but not with antiserum to tomato black ring virus sent from Dr. B.D. Harrison, Scotland. The virus was identified as mulberry ringspot virus reported by Tsuchizaki et al. (1970).The infected soil lost its transmissibility when dried for 7 days. Many nematodes belonging to Longidorus were collected by sieving technique from soil around roots of infected mulberry trees in the fields. The species was identified as L. martini Merny by Mr. Y. Oshima.Lots of 10 to 56 L. martini sieved from soil in which diseased mulberry trees had been growing were placed near the roots of 31 potted healthy mulberry plants. After 3 to 12 months, 10 of these plants showed symptoms, and the virus was detected from these 10 plants by juice inoculation to test plants. No infection occurred in 8 control mulberry plants grown in soil free from L. martini.Transmission tests using Xiphinema sp. sieved from soil in which diseased mulberry had been growing gave negative results.The symptoms on mulberry plants incited by the nematode transmission were ringspots, enations and some vein necrosis, and no fern-leaf and yellow leaf symptoms were observed.


Purpose of the study: This study explores the Impact of High-Performance Work System practices (HPWS), on innovation performance, through the intervening role of dynamic capabilities and innovation culture among the rapidly growing cement industry of Pakistan, which is the backbone of Pakistan's construction industry.
Methodology: This is a self-administrative survey, and data were analyzed using Smart PLS 3.0, SPSS.
Main Findings: HPWS has a positive impact on a firm's innovation performance. Furthermore, dynamic capabilities mediated the association between HPWS and innovation performance.
Applications of this study: The study is essential for the cement industry, where traditional HRM has long been applied. Using HPWS would create a more innovative environment and establish dynamic capabilities that can trigger innovations such as administrative, incremental, radical, and marketing in the face of dynamic customer demands.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study has enriched our understanding of how organizations can improve their innovation performance in a complex and ambiguous environment, which is crucial to gaining competitive advantages. This study also suggests that developing a system of HPWS practices in organizations, particularly the cement industry, will help the organizations flourish and stay competitive in the marketplace and help elicit the right employee attitudes by fully mediating dynamic capabilities. Therefore, organizations should establish developed HPWS and create an innovation culture that will ultimately benefit the organization creates an innovation culture.


Deborah Ascher Barnstone is Associate Professor at Washington State University and Research Fellow at the Technical University of Delft, the Netherlands. She holds a PhD in architectural history from the TU, Delft; a Master of Architecture degree from Columbia University; and a B.A. cum laude degree from Barnard College. She is a licensed architect as well as historian. Her book, The Transparent State: Architecture and Politics in Postwar Germany was released by Routledge in 2005. Her current research examines the progressive art and architecture community in Weimar Breslau. Forthcoming publications will be in Delft Architecture Annual and the New German Critique.


The penetration of detonation waves from helium shells into C-O cores of accreting white dwarfs is studied. One-dimensional calculations using a Riemann solver show that for the spherically symmetric case the most relevant parameter for the formation of a double detonation is the location of the ignition surface. As long as ignition occurs at the interface, double detonation does not exist regardless of the accretion rates and the C-O core mass. A two-dimensional analysis, which resolves the interaction between a sliding Chapman-Jouguet front and adjacent medium, shows that the carbon near the interface is heated by the shock only slightly above 10 to the 9th K. Hence, some portion of the C-O core will burn and double detonation cannot be excluded. However, since rarefaction effects are not included in the analysis, detonation may not occur. 26 refs.


We selected the best macroporous resin through static adsorption and obtained the optimal purification conditions by the dynamic desorption. The results were as follows: X-5 macroporous resin exhibited the excellent characteristics for purification of Solanum nigrum L. anthocyanins. We found that the time of absorption and desorption equilibrium was 5 h and 6 h,respectively; the column diameter to length ratio was 1∶ 25,the maximum sample volume was 0. 6 BV,the concentration of absorption equilibrium was 0. 4 mg / mL,the eluent volume was 3. 5 BV, and elution flow rate was 2. 0 BV / h,60 % ethanol with pH 2. 0 was used as eluent. Under those optimal conditions, the purity was 19 times higher of unpurified ones. This research provides a theoretical base for deep processing of Solanum nigrum L. berries


Curschmann's spirals morphologically similar to those seen in sputum were found in cervico-vaginal smears of six patients ranged from 28 to 40 years of age, during 18 months from January. 1985 to June 1986. The prevalence was 1 in 2147 smears in that period. All of them had gynecologic disorders without systemic effect such as chronic cervictis in three, leiomyoma in one, pelvic inflammatory disorder in one, and primary infertility in one. The Curshmann's spirals in the smear showed varying degrees of maturation from wavy incipient ones to highly celled mature ones, admixed with thick mucinous back-ground, suggesting of their production in the uterine cervix itself. Also the recent history of undergone cryocautery, electrocautery or parturition suggest its production in the endocervical gland due to mechanical obstruction and/or change in biochemical composition of mucus.


With the rapid development of Internet of things and big data technology, the amount of data collected by SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)system is growing exponentially, which the traditional SDT algorithm can not meet the requirements of SCADA system for historical data compression. In this paper, ASDT(Advanced SDT) algorithm based on SDT algorithm is proposed and implemented in the Java language, which is based on the deep research of the data compression method, especially the Swing Door Trending. ASDT algorithm through the sine curve fitting data to achieve data compression, compared with the performance of the traditional SDT algorithm, which it can achieve better compression results. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional SDT algorithm, the ASDT algorithm can improve the compression ratio in the case of no significant increase in the compression error, and the compression radio is increased by nearly 50%.


In this paper, the concept and program principle of AutoCAD Active X technology were analyzed. Several methods in VBA developing technology were discussed, then combine with the requirement of design, the method and skill to develop PC protective panel CAD software using VBA technology were given.


Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Vitamin D deficiency is a common health condition in the reproductive period of women and may escalate the symptoms of PCOS in women. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum Vitamin D levels in patients with PCOS compared to healthy controls. Materials and Methods: In the present case–control study, a total of 70 women diagnosed with PCOS were considered cases, and their Vitamin D levels and some other biochemical parameters were compared to 43 apparently healthy controls. The diagnosis of PCOS was established in line with the Rotterdam Consensus on Diagnostic Criteria for PCOS, including oligo or anovulation, clinical and biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries and exclusion of other etiologies (congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting tumors, and Cushing's syndrome). Results: The study revealed that patients with PCOS were significantly younger compared to the healthy controls; 26.57 versus 33.51; P < 0.001. Moreover, a higher percentage of patients had irregular menstruation (81.4%) and hirsutism (81.4%) compared to controls (4.7% and 4.7%, P < 0.001, respectively). The study revealed that the patients had a significantly lower level of Vitamin D and serum prolactin and higher levels thyroid-stimulating hormone compared to healthy control; 5.49 versus 17.83 ng/ml; 11.94 versus 8.57 IU/L; and 2.50 versus 1.72 IU/L, respectively. Conclusion: The present study suggests that patients with PCOS were more likely to have irregular menstruation and a lower level of Vitamin D compared to apparently healthy controls.


Measuring top polarization is extremely important in understanding any new physics that couples to top quark. Here, we take up the task of extracting polarization of top quark coming from TeV-scale stop decay at the upgraded high luminosity and high energy LHC. We focus on the scenario where the two tops from the stop decay lead to semileptonic final state. We take into account all relevant backgrounds and put kinematical cuts to suppress them. We arrive at a signal region where the desired signal can be observed with reasonable significance. Next, we examine, in such signal regions, how well top polarization can be measured. For that we have calculated the degree with which leftand right-handed top quarks can be separated from each other, in terms of P -values. We have also performed a comparative study between various centre-of-mass energies and integrated luminosities in terms of their reach in probing top polarization from stop decay. ar X iv :2 11 1. 14 28 6v 1 [ he pph ] 2 9 N ov 2 02 1


PURPOSE: A curtain wall with reinforced strength is provided to easily control an installation interval between horizontal and vertical fixing bars and to easily assemble the horizontal and vertical fixing bars. CONSTITUTION: A curtain wall with reinforced strength comprises a vertical fixing bar(10), a horizontal fixing bar(20), and a fixing member. A first joint is formed on the side surface of the vertical fixing bar. The horizontal fixing bar is installed on the front surface or the rear surface of the vertical fixing bar. A second joint is formed on the side surface of the horizontal fixing bar. The fixing member is installed in the inner side of the first joint or the second joint.


Ti3Al-Nb based intermetallic alloys in both monolithic and composite form have potential applications in aircraft engine components. In this work, the isothermal and cyclic oxidation behaviours of a base alloy, Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V-0.5Mo (at. pct), with Si additions ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 (at. pct) have been studied over the temperature range of 650degreesC to 800degreesC. The excellent oxidation resistance obtained in the Si continuing alloys is attributable to the formation of TiO2+Al2O3 scale which is denser than that for alloys without Si. The mechanism of the improvements due to Si is discussed. For comparison, the oxidation resistance of an orthorhombic titanium aluminide alloy with higher contents of Nb, Ti-22Al-26Nb, was also studied. The cyclic oxidation experiment of the alloy indicated that the maximum oxidation resistance is achieved in the orthorhombic alloys with an intermediate level of Nb.


Abstract Background Guidelines recommend testing hospitalized patients with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) for Legionella pneumophila only if the infection is severe or risk factors are present. There are no validated models for predicting Legionella. Objective To derive and externally validate a model to predict a positive Legionella test. Design, Setting and Participants Diagnostic study of adult inpatients with pneumonia using data from 177 US hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database (training and hold‐out validation sets) and 12 Cleveland Clinic Health System (CCHS) hospitals (external validation set). We used multiple logistic regression to predict positive Legionella tests in the training set, and evaluated performance in both validation sets. Main Outcome and Measures The outcome was a positive Legionella test. Potential predictors included demographics and co‐morbidities, disease severity indicators, season, region, and presence of a local outbreak. Results Of 166,689 patients hospitalized for pneumonia, 43,070 were tested for Legionella and 642 (1.5%) tested positive. The strongest predictors of a positive test were a local outbreak (odds ratio [OR], 3.4), June–October occurrence (OR, 3.4), hyponatremia (OR, 3.3), smoking (OR, 2.4), and diarrhea (OR, 2.0); prior admission within 6 months (OR, 0.27) and chronic pulmonary disease (OR, 0.49) were associated with a negative test. Model c‐statistics were 0.79 in the Premier and 0.77 in the CCHS validation samples. High‐risk patients were only slightly more likely to have been tested than lower‐risk patients. Compared to actual practice, the model‐based testing strategy detected twice as many cases. Conclusions Although Legionella is an uncommon cause of pneumonia, patient characteristics can identify individuals at high risk, allowing for more efficient testing.


Human genomes are routinely compared against a universal human reference. However, this strategy could miss population-specific and personal genomic variations, which may be detected more efficiently using an ethnically-relevant or personal reference. Here I describe principles and methods in constructing a hybrid assembly of the first Korean reference genome (KOREF) by compiling all the major contemporary sequencing and mapping technologies: short and long paired-end sequences, synthetic and single molecule long reads, and optical and nanochannel genome maps. This low-cost hybrid approach shows the feasibility of routine reference-quality de novo assembled genomes to precisely analyze many personal and ethnic genomes in the future. I also introduce the concept of the consensus variome reference, providing information on millions of variants incorporated directly from 40 additional ethnically homogeneous genomes from the Korean Personal Genome Project. KOREF is the first de novo assembled consensus variome reference. KOREF has been constructed according to standardized production and evaluation procedures, and registered as a standard reference data for ethnic Korean genomes by evaluating its traceability, uncertainty, and consistency. By comparing KOREF against other ethnic references, I find that the ethnically-relevant consensus reference can be beneficial for efficient variants detection and possibly other purposes in the future. Therefore, I propose that, despite the limited level of divergence within our species, the level of genomic scale variation is sufficiently high to warrant the use of ethnically-relevant references for large-scale personal and disease genome projects. Systematic comparison of human assemblies also shows the importance of assembly quality, suggesting the necessity of new technologies to comprehensively map ethnic and personal genomic structure variations. In the era of large-scale population genome projects, the leveraging of ethnicity-specific genome assemblies as well as the human reference genome will accelerate mapping all human genome diversity on Earth.


This paper presents the simulation, design, fabrication, and measurement of a high-bandwidth Fabry-Perot cavity array antenna for the Ku-band. Starting with the design and analysis of one single feed antenna, that has a 3 dB realized gain bandwidth covering the satellite broadcast downlink band from 10.7 GHz to 12.75 GHz, an extension to a 3}3 array is presented.


Organic Chemistry
Enzymes often have intricate active sites that bind one portion of a molecule to orient a distant portion for optimal reactivity. This type of orienting effect has proven a much greater challenge for small-molecule catalysts. Reyes et al. now report a simple ligand that can simultaneously bind to an iridium catalyst through a pyridine substituent while positioning an amide or ester reactant through a hydrogen-bonding urea. As a result, the catalyst exclusively borylates the site three carbons away from the carbonyl, with a second chiral ligand inducing high enantioselectivity.

Science , this issue p. [970][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abc8320


To study the influence of different cutting parameters on cutting force,temperature and stress in ultra precision cutting process,the finite-element method was used to simulate the 3D diamond cutting process.The varieties of cutting force,temperature,stress and micro-stress distribution were obtained under different cutting parameters in cutting an aluminum alloy.The simulation results indicate that the main cutting force applied in the tool is bigger than the forces in other directions,the cutting force will decrease suddenly when the chip leaves the base,the opposite of rake face on workpiece has the biggest stress and the cutting temperature is lower than 30°C.The results can be used to optimize the cutting parameters.


Dictionary learning is important for many pattern recognition and image processing. Some known jobs focus on the sample complexity of dictionary learning on the independent data for characterizing the performance of a learned dictionary. In this pa-per, the sample complexity of dictionary learning on the stationary mixing input sequence is considered because the stationary mixing input sequence appears in many applications. By discussing the sample complexity of learning dictionary on the


Summary form only given. Radial wire array Z-pinches - array configurations where the wires stretch radially outwards from a central cathode - may present several advantages over cylindrical wire array Z-pinches for driving HEDP experiments. In particular, the implosion of a radial wire array results in the formation of a much smaller, yet still highly emitting, column of stagnated plasma that could be coupled to a compact hohlraum, increasing drive temperatures. Also during implosion this column of plasma is projected above the electrodes, allowing unrestricted diagnostic and experimental access over 2pi steradians. Finally, the radial wire array presents a relatively low inductance load to the pulsed power generator and may be used on long-pulsed, low cost machines. On the 1 MA MAGPIE facility we have explored the implosion and stagnation of radial wire arrays. Here the dependence of the array dynamics and X-ray emission on parameters including cathode diameter, array mass and wire number will be discussed. Initial nested radial wire array experiments that aim to provide shaping of the X-ray pulse will also be presented. Finally predictions of scaling of the radial array to larger current facilities including Saturn and Z will be presented, along with possible hohlraum configurations for HEDP including ICF experiments.


The article reviews briefly the theory of nationalism, and introduces (yet another) definition of nations and nationalism. Starting from this definition of nationalism as a world order with specific characteristics, oppositions such as core and periphery, globalism/nationalism, and realism/idealism are formally rejected. Nationalism is considered as a purely global structure. Within this, it is suggested, the number of states tends to fall to an equilibrium number which is itself falling, this number of states being the current best approximation to a single world state. Within nationalism variants are associated with different equilibrium numbers: these variants compete. Together, as the nationalist structure, they formally exclude other world orders. Such a structure appears to have the function of blocking change, and it is tentatively suggested that it derives directly from an innate human conservatism. The article attempts to show how characteristics of classic nationalism, and more recent identity politics, are part of nationalist structures. They involve either the exclusion of other forms of state, or of other orders of states, or the intensification of identity as it exists.


This book was initially released as a hardcover volume in 2009. It aims to entice and excite designers about the possibilities and prospects of designing for disabled people. With his concept of "resonant design," defined as "design intended to address the needs of some people with a particular disability and other people without that disability but perhaps finding themselves in similar circumstances," the author tries to skirt the tensions between particularity and generality. He argues that designing for disability can invigorate design practices and inject different ways of thinking into the design community. The book is divided into two sections. The first outlines a series of tensions or "meetings" between key issues ostensibly separating the worlds of design and disability. In the second section of the book, the author engages in a series of (imaginary and real) conversations with chosen designers about designing a specific product for disabled people. The book is an engaging and accessible read. As it is rare to find work about disability outside the field of Disability Studies, the author is to be commended for his efforts to place design and disability in conversation. In directing his efforts at recruiting designers to the field of disability, perhaps new collaborations and affinities will emerge.


The aim of study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ankle brachial index in diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in diabetics with coronary artery disease at a teaching hospital in North India. Materials and methods: All diabetic patients admitted with coronary artery disease who undergo coronary angiography irrespective of their presentation (stable angina, unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI) were included in the study. Systolic blood pressures of both arms at the brachial arteries and both lower limbs at the dorsalis pedis arteries were taken with the help of sphygmomanometer and a hand held doppler probe and recorded in the proforma. The higher of the two systolic pressures recorded at the ankle was divided by the highest of the systolic pressures recorded in the arms to get the ankle brachial index. The results of ABI were compared with peripheral angiography.


Lee accepts a plea from General McClellan to allow captured Federal officers' personal "baggage" to pass between the lines of the two armies.


Flavor compounds in fresh garlic oil are complex,but they are all sulfur-containing organic compounds.According to the fact,we established the new method first time to the determination of flavor compounds in the garlic oil——Microwave digestion barium sulfate turbidimetry.The experiments were designed to explore the amount of HNO3 for digestion garlic oil,the best measurement wavelength and the best measurement time.The conclusion is that when 0.300 garlic oil was measured,the amount of HNO3 was 1.3 mL,the best determination wave was 420 nm and the best determination time range was 5~50 min.Then a standard curve was drawn according to the results,the correlation coefficient R=0.99793,the content of flavor compounds in the garlic oil was 0.2871%.According to stability,reproducibility tests,the results are as followings: RSD separately is 1.69% and 0.669%,not more than 5%,the average recovery was 102.13%.The method is simple and convenient,with high accuracy and reliability,lower cost,applicability,suitable for corporate laboratories.


.~IANY species of plants and more particularly tho~e used for hay or pasture urposes are sown in mixtures. Dominance of an glveri species in any particular environment has usually been attributed to differential moisture, temperature, light, and fertility requirements. Investigations have shown that the development and activity of the roots of certain species of plants may be affected by the metabolism of adjoining roots and that some species of plants may have a specific effect on other species which follow in the rotation. An excellent review of the literature on this subject has been made by Loehwing.3 There is considerable difference of opinion in the literature as to the cause of specific interactions which have been noted. Toxic secretions, deficient oxygen, excessive carbon dioxide and moisture, harmful pH, and nitrogen starvation are among the more important factors listed as being involved in specific root interactions. It is the purpose of this preliminary report to call attention to the possible existence of harmful root interactions between various species of pasture grasses and legttmes and the need for further investigations relative to the extent and importance of this phenomenon u der varying light, moisture, temperature, and fertility conditions. Extensive botanical studies relative to the effect of various fertilization and management treatments on the productivity and survival of a number of species of plants used for hay and pasture purposes were begun at the University of Wisconsin in 1935. Included among the species studied were Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), timothy (Phleum pratense), redtop (Agrostis alba), red clover (Tri/oIium pratense), a]sike clover (Tri/olium hybridum), and white clover (Trifolium repens). Pield observations made since the experiment was initiated seemed to indicate that a number of species interactions occurred which could not be accounted for on the basis of differential response to light, temperature, moisture, fertilization, and management. White clover and red clover were seldom found in dense, closely grazed quack grass (Agropyron repens) sod whereas alsike clover appeared in comparative abundance. Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa), although not seeded, was found in areas which were not fertilized with commercial nitrogen. Canada bluegrass, redtop, timothy, and Kentucky bluegrass were observed to occur as definite colonies rather than blending uniformly throughout the sward. Redtop was eliminated early by Kentucky bluegrass. In August of 1938 a series of experimental pasture and meadow field plats were sown to compare the yield and survival of two strains of brome grass (Bromus inermis), both commercial and parkland,


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Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a significant complication of therapy in children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Previous reports indicate a considerable risk of mortality and morbidity in relation to CVT. In addition, there is potential for suboptimal treatment of ALL due to avoidance of Asparaginase and the need for reversal of anticoagulant therapy for invasive procedures such as intrathecal chemotherapy. Anticoagulation may be complicated by haemorrhage.

This retrospective study aimed to identify the clinical features, therapy and outcome of CVT occurring during treatment of ALL in individuals, aged 1 to 24 years, who participated in the Medical Research Council UK ALL 2003 (MRC UKALL 2003) randomised controlled trial.

Cases of CVT were identified from adverse event reporting. All reports were screened for central nervous system thrombosis and grade 4 serious adverse events in the category of coagulation/thrombosis. Reporting centres were asked for additional clinical information.

3126 children and young adults were enrolled in the study between 2003 and 2011, with median age 5 years, including 1776 males (56.8%). The 3 initial treatment regimens: A, B and C: corresponded to standard-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk, respectively. 55% were treated with regimen A, 32% regimen B and 13% regimen C. 48 individuals (1.5%) developed CVT and data were returned for 42. Median age was 10 (range: 1 to 18) years and 25 cases were male (59.5%). 71.4% of cases (30/42) occurred during induction therapy. 18 cases were in individuals treated with regimen A, 22 regimen B and 2 regimen C. Median time between the most recent Asparaginase dose and CVT was 12.5 days (range: 1-111 days). 29 cases (68.4%) had received 2 doses of Asparaginase prior to thrombosis, 5 cases >2 doses and 8 cases 1 dose.

Presenting symptoms were: seizures, 22 cases (52.3%); neurological impairment, 20 (47.6%); headache, 19 (45.2%); reduced conscious level, 8 (19.0%); nausea/vomiting, 8 (19.0%). Identified thrombotic risk factors included: hospitalisation, 22 (52.3%); active infection, 5; recent immobility, 5; dehydration, 6; combined oral contraceptive pill, 2. None were obese, had a high white cell count at time of CVT diagnosis or a history of recent major surgery. 13 (31.0%) had >1 thrombotic risk factor and 16 (38.1%) had no additional clinical risk factor identified. 10 had a thrombophilia screen performed, one with a repeatedly low protein S level (male, 1 year of age). 7 cases (16.7%) had cerebral infarction on imaging and 11 (26.2%) were complicated by intracranial haemorrhage (ICH).

38 cases (90.5%) received anticoagulant therapy, 37 of which received low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and one unfractionated heparin. One case had catheter-directed thrombolysis. 4 were not anticoagulated, 3 due to ICH. 2 received Antithrombin replacement therapy. Anticoagulation therapy was continued for a median of 3 months. 65.0% of cases due more Asparaginase were re-exposed (26/40), 19 of which received thromboprophylaxis during re-exposure. 2 remain on long-term therapeutic anticoagulation. In 23 cases (54.8%) CVT resulted in a delay or change to planned treatment.

Neurological morbidity was reported in 4 cases (9.5%): seizure disorder, 2; hemiplegia, 1; residual hemiplegia and hemianopia with severe developmental delay, 1. 36 cases (85.7%) remain in first remission. Survival in those with CVT was 90.1%, comparable to actuarial 5-year survival of the entire cohort (91.5%). There were 4 deaths, three due to leukaemia (two in first relapse) and one due to pneumonia as a complication of stem cell transplant. There were no deaths due to CVT or bleeding on anticoagulant therapy.

This study highlights the clinical features of CVT in children and young adults treated for ALL in the MRC UKALL 2003 trial, in particular the timing in relation to Asparaginase treatment, presenting features and neurological outcome. These data support LMWH as safe treatment for CVT in this clinical setting. We have demonstrated the tendency of clinicians to adjust treatment regimen and/or avoid further Asparaginase exposure in response to CVT. However, overall survival at 5 years did not differ for the cohort with CVT. Future studies should aim to further evaluate clinical predictors, alongside potential coagulation and genetic markers, in order to identify a high-risk group that may benefit from measures to reduce CVT during ALL therapy.

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Objective To investigate the changes of the concentrations of serum 25- hydroxy- vitamin D3(25- OHD3)and immunoglobin E(IgE)in children with asthma, and to clarify their correlations with interleukin 4(IL- 4)and interleukin 12(IL- 12). Methods The concentrations of serum 25- OH- D3, IgE, IL- 4, and IL- 12 of 84 children with asthma and 48 healthy children were detected by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Blood calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Results The average concentrations of25- OH- D3(62.81± 26.34 mmol/ L)and IL- 12(24.25± 40.78 ng/ L)in children with asthma were significant lower than those of the healthy children(87.16± 28.63 mmol/ L and 43.21± 62.12 ng/ L, P 0.05), while the level of IL- 4 was significant higher(138.06± 129.03 vs 100.86± 88.81ng/ L, P 0.05). The serum IgE level was positively correlated with IL- 4and negatively correlated wtih IL- 12 in the children with asthma(P 0.01). Conclusions As an immunoregulator, 25-OH- D3is closely related to the occurrence and development of bronchial asthma. Supplying with appropriate 25- OH- D3has supportive therapeutic efficacy on the conventional therapy of asthma.


Linepus: A comparision of high fidelity, research and research in a real context. This paper presents a comparison of an experiment with eyewitness carried out in laboratory and field contexts. The results show that the laboratory data suppose an important lose in comparison with the fiel data. The design controlled the variables interval retention, unconscious transference, police interrogation (objetive v. driven to a miss-identification), and presence v. absence of the offender in the lineup. The results are discussed in reference to the outcomes of many laboratory studies and in signal detection analysis.


1 1. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 2 1.1 Abstract 3 1.2 Introduction 5 1.3 Method 7 1.3.1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria 7 22.214.171.124 Study design 7 188.8.131.52 Population 7 220.127.116.11 Interventions 8 22.214.171.124 Outcome measures 9 1.3.2 Literature search strategies 9 1.3.3 Assessment of quality of included studies 12 1.4 Results 14 1.4.1 Characteristics of included studies 14 1.4.2 Quality of included studies 17 1.4.3 Meta-analysis 20 1.5 Discussion 22 1.5.1 Strengths of review 24 1.5.2 Limitations of review 25 1.5.3 Implications for research, clinical practice and policy 26 1.6 Conclusions 29 1.7 Acknowledgements 30 1.8 References 30


Detailed evaluation of TES opportunities in a variety of industrial processes has been conducted as an extension of a multi-year, ongoing EPRI-funded program to assist member utilities in identifying and evaluating industrial process energy conservation and management (EC and M) opportunities for their customers. Specifically, plant audits were conducted in twenty-two (22) different industries in cooperation with seven (7) US utilities. Over thirty-three (33) EC and M) applications were identified for which alternative EC and M technologies were designed and economically ranked. The procedure employed and typical results of these evaluations are presented. In addition, the computerized industrial EC and M design and assessment model utilized in this program and the procedures used to identify and assess TES opportunities are described.


Overheat fault is the main type of the insulating faults in gas-insulated apparatus, which can produce various decomposition by-products. This paper presents the relationship between the decomposition by-products and the severity of overheat fault, by carrying out a series of overheat experiments. The various experimental conditions, including overheat temperatures, heating durations, overheat metal materials and SF6 gas pressures, were simulated during the overheat experiments. Then the produced decomposition gases were detected by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Based on the experimental results, it is concluded that the types and concentrations of the decomposition by-products are closely related to the severity degree of the overheat fault. Moreover, some significant features and characteristics of the decomposition by-products were concluded, which can be regarded as the indexes for identifying the overheat fault.


Aerodynamic heating prediction is one of the key technology in designing the reentry vehicles. To evaluate the aerodynamic heating environment, numerical simulation can be one of the option. From the view point of the computer resources limitation and required elappsed time, exclusive use of the state of the art Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation such as full Navier Stokes is not realistic. In the actual design process, aerothermodynamic designers are often required to produce prompt but reasonable estimation of the aerodynamic heating distribtuion. Authors have generated an aerodynamic heating prediction code which can rapidly and reasonably estimate the heating environment on the windward side of the reentry vehicles refelecting its three dimensional configuration. The capability of the code has been verified in the comparison between the calculation results and HOPE-X hypersonic aerothermal wind tunnel test results.


Harmony is what human seeks. It is also the subject of the socialist development. This paper discusses the tax payers' rights from the perspectives of the positioning of the tax payers' rights and duties, the improvement of awareness of rights, the domination of the positioning pattern of rights, the strengthening of legal guarantee and establishment of the relevant supportive stipulations, the limit of the expansion of the public rights and the forming of the right contract. It concludes that the guarantee of the tax payers' rights is the embodiment and inevitable requirement of fair tax law as well as the basic project of building the harmonious' society.


The double-locked laser configuration used for these measurements is fiber coupled and consists of an optically isolated, dc-biased master laser that optically injects a slave laser through an optical circulator. The lasers operate at a wavelength of approximately 1557 nm. A modulation signal from a microwave frequency synthesizer is added to the dc bias of the slave laser. After passing through the optical circulator, the output of the slave laser is detected by a fast photodiode. The photodiode signal is amplified, split and routed to a microwave spectrum analyzer, a microwave phase noise test set, and a microwave mixer. At the mixer, the signal is compared with the output of the microwave frequency synthesizer.


A dynamic lighting rod, including a hollow light transparent rod body disposed therein with a dynamic lighting device (3). The dynamic lighting device (3) includes: an acceleration sensor (32) detecting the motion acceleration change of the hollow light transparent rod body, and a coloured lighting module (33) for producing a plurality of coloured lights, and a controller (31). The acceleration sensor (32) and coloured lighting module (33) are electrically connected to the controller (31) respectively. During the swinging of the hollow light transparent rod body, the dynamic lighting rod can dynamically display different coloured lights and realize colourful lighting effects.


Abstract There has been intense debate over the 'meaning' of Lower Palaeolithic handaxe form. Handaxes date from about 1.7 million years onwards, and many show attention to elements of form such as symmetry and a conformity to the 'golden ratio' which go beyond immediate function. Our challenge in interpreting such patterning is that we cannot assume a 'modern' cognition to the makers of Acheulian handaxes nor capacities to negotiate concepts such as status or symbolism. Existing interpretations of handaxe form have been dominated by the seminal 'sexy handaxe theory' (Kohn and Mithen, Antiquity, 1999, 73: 518–26), which envisaged the production of handaxes as driven by sexual selection processes common to all mammal species. By contrast, it is argued here that an emerging concern with reputation building seen amongst higher primates developed within highly collaborative Acheulian societies into a concern with 'trustworthiness' and the expression of 'gestures of goodwill' to others via handaxe form.


"Unconventionality" was proposed as early as in the Tang Dynasty and it arrested wide attention in the Song Dynasty.The "four skills" rearranged and reinterpreted by Huang Xiufu,"unconventionality" gradually caused great social response in the Northern Song Dynasty.The position of "unconventionality" in art criticism was initially set up and into the Song Dynasty it became a theoretical basis for painting.


The paper is founded upon the study of three embryos of Apteryx australis obtained since the author's former communication on this subject was written.


In the preceding chapter a taxonomy of pr oblem types was proposed, and some hypotheses set forth about the general kin ds of skills and knowledge needed to solve problems of each type.. The p resent chapter, adopting the same information-processing point of view as the previous one, undertakes three tasks. The first part of the chapter sets forth th e general theory of human problem Solving that has emerged from research in the past two decades, especially research that has employed the methods o f computer simulation and analysis of thinking-aloud protocols. The second part examines recent and ongoing research aimed at giving an account of the role of pe rceptual processes in problem solving and a description of the processes for gen erating problem representations, and research aimed at extending the theory to problem solving in domains that are rich in semantic information and less well structured man those that have been examined in the past. The third part of the chapter discusses some of the methodological issues that must be faced in using the methodologies of simulation and protocol analysis and, in general, to test detailed processing models of human cognitive performance. Since this chapter and the preceding one both discuss their topics in information-processing terms and since bo th review essentially the same body of evidence, they reach conclusions that are Irrgely complementary. The present chapter does take, however, a somewhat m ore sanguine view than the preceding one as to how far we have already progres sed in building and testing a coherent theory of human problem solving. The th eory discussed in this chapter applies both to Grccno's category ofproblems o f transformatiort and his category of problems of arrangement. The relation o f the theory to problems of inducing structure is discussed ;n Sur.an ;m«J Lea (1 974). For the purposes of the present


A novel random telegraph signal (RTS) method is proposed to study the lateral spread of injected charges in program/erase of a NOR-type SONOS flash memory. The concept is to use RTS to extract an interface trap position and to detect a local potential variation near the trap due to injection of program/erase charges. By using this method, we find that CHISEL program has a broader charge distribution than CHE program. A mismatch of CHE program electrons and band-to-band erase holes is observed directly from this method.


Drug overdose deaths in the United States reached an alarming level in 2016 and continue to rise. Research shows that more than half of the 64,000 drug overdose deaths were due to opioids. 1 Moreover, the synthetic opioid, fentanyl, a medication that is at least 50 times more potent than heroin, has been implicated in over 20,000 of these deaths. 1 How did this happen? Who is to blame? In the early 1990's there was a shift in prescribing opiates/ opioids for acute pain to the use of these medications for chronic, non-cancer pain conditions. Pharmaceutical company representatives and key opinion leaders who were experts in pain management stressed that addiction was a minimal concern for patients prescribed opiates/opioids for pain and encouraged physicians to use opioids/opiates for a myriad of chronic pain conditions. Many physicians chose to do so, although there were little data to support this. 2,3 the rates disorders (OUDs) leading to more than a doubling individuals (although 4 Moreover, rates of opioid-related deaths began to rise. though rates of use of prescription opiates albeit at a rate much higher than the rates of opioid use disorders continue rise. 5,6 individuals in clear, of the rise in heroin overdose rates from to 2015. 5 In past year, the opioid


Traditional applanation tonometry techniques lack the necessary accuracy and reliability for measuring the intraocular pressure (IOP), and there is still a need for a reliable technique for in vivo diagnosis. A single laser-induced cavitation bubble event was optically monitored in order to precisely measure the first collapse time of the cavitation bubble, which presents a direct dependence on the liquid pressure. This can certainly be done within the IOP range. We now extend the partial transmittance modulation (STM) technique to determine its feasibility for directly measuring the IOP by studying the nanosecond (ns) pulsed laser-induced cavitation bubble dynamics for an externally pressurized fresh ex vivo porcine eye. The results demonstrate that it is possible to monitor the IOP by detecting the light of a continuous-wave (CW) laser beam which is intensity modulated by the bubble itself. This technique currently presents a measurement resolution of about 4 mmHg in the 5 to 50 mmHg pressure range, indicating the feasibility of this approach for measuring IOP. This technique provides a direct measurement within the anterior eye chamber, avoiding common pitfalls in IOP diagnosis, such as errors due to patient movement, varying physical properties of the eye globe, or central cornea thickness (CCT) effects.


DESPITE steady improvement in our methods of treating cancer, it is widely recognized that our main hope of bettering the cure rate, at least in the immediate future, is by earlier diagnosis. Malignant tumours of the nasopharynx offer a striking challenge in this respect for a very long delay in establishing the diagnosis is almost the rule. Nor is the ready excuse that it is our patients who are to be blamed valid on this occasion, for McWhirter (1953) has told us that the delay (of 9.5 months, on the average, in his series) was, in most cases, mainly attributable to the medical attendant. For this delay there are, or so it seems to us, a variety of very good reasons :I. Nasopharyngeal cancer is almost a rarity in the western world. Thus, although it remains a highly fatal disease, deaths from this cause in the returns of the Registrar General for England and Wales (population, 44 millions) in 1953 numbered only 100. For comparison, there were in the same period 8239 deaths from cancer of the breast and 14,253 from cancer of the stomach. In the experience of the large Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute in Manchester, which must select material from a very wide area of the midlands of England, only roo patients (carcinoma 65, sarcoma 35) were treated between 1932 and 1950. (Lambert, 1954.) Godtfredsen (1946), who has written an exhaustive and authoritative treatise on this form of cancer, collected only 454 cases in ten years, from a population of 7.5 millions in the Scandinavian countries, and on the basis of the study estimated a yearly incidence there of I case in approximately 180,000. From these figures, it will be clear that no single consultant is likely to have any considerable experience in its management, and for most practitioners the chance of encountering even a single case, in a lifetime of practice, will be remote (McWhirter, 1953). 2 . The clinical features are so widely variable that, even when a patient comes to hospital, he may find his way first to an otolaryngologist, an ophthalmologist, a neurologist, or even to a dentist. Experience shows that, all too often, they share with the general surgeon or physician the humiliation, for long, of overlooking the diagnosis. The only specialist who seems likely to see most of the cases is the radiotherapist, and by the time the patients find their way to him the diagnosis is usually all too obvious. 3. Even when the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer is borne in mind, there are certain features of the anatomy and pathology of these tumours which together often make it exceedingly difficult to clinch the diagnosis. These features we propose to consider at length below. A good deal has been written on this subject within recent years, and our only excuse for writing this further paper is, first, that we believe the diagnosis to be in many cases a matter of the very greatest difficulty, and, secondly, that there is still among general surgeons and physicians a regrettable lack of awareness of the varying clinical picture in such cases. We have collected the records of 30 patients from the files of our hospital and from them we propose to draw clinical material to illustrate and underline our argument. I t is significant to note that the average period which elapsed, in the 28 patients where the information was available, between the


Odontogenic myxoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor that appears to be associated with odon- togenic ectomesenchyme of the growing teeth. This tumor, which often occurs in the second and third decades of life, is extremely rare and often asymptomatic in children. However, no theoretical consensus exists in the literature over the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic and therapeutic methods of a rare case of odontogenic myxoma in a 13-year-old child.


Abstract Labordia lorenciana is described and illustrated from Kaua'i, Hawai'i, U.S.A. This new species most closely resembles the O'ahu endemic species Labordia kaalae C. N. Forbes, from which it differs in having leaf bases deeply cordate to auriculate, adaxial leaf surfaces puberulent, and fruit valves 25–37 mm long, and longitudinally striate. Known from only four individuals, Labordia lorenciana is amongst ca. 120 other rare Hawaiian taxa that are limited to less than 50 individuals and is currently being cultivated for conservation.


With a view to the strong dependence of high-temperature anti-oxidation performance of carbon/carbon(C/C) composites on surface SiC coating,SiC coating was prepared on the surface of C/C composites by pack cementation method.The microstructure and defects(particularly crack and hole) of resultant C/C composites coated with SiC coating were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy;and their high-temperature anti-oxidation performance was evaluated as well.Furthermore,the effect of the content of Al2O3 in the pack cementated material on the microstructure and high-temperature anti-oxidation performance of the SiC coating was investigated,while the mechanism for Al2O3 to promote the growth of SiC coating was discussed based on thermodynamic theory.Results show that the thickness and anti-oxidation ability of the SiC coating rise with increasing content of Al2O3 in the pack cementated material,accompanied by refining of the grains therewith.However,in the presence of excessive Al2O3,the amount of CO gas generated during the formation of SiC coating tends to rise,which results in more cracks and holes in the SiC coating thereby decreasing its compactness and gradually worsening its high-temperature oxidation resistance.


Some natural inequalities related to rearrangement in matrix products can also be regarded as extensions of classical inequalities for sequences or integrals. In particular, we show matrix versions of Chebyshev and Kantorovich type inequalities. The matrix approach may also provide simplified proofs and new results for classical inequalities. For instance, we show a link between Cassel's inequality and the basic rearrangement inequality for sequences of Hardy-Littlewood-Polya, and we state a reverse inequality to the Hardy-Littlewood-Polya inequality in which matrix technics are essential.


Visual inspection is a subjective way of making a diagnosis of the condition of oral health. Digital image processing has techniques that facilitate the identification of patterns that help in the improvement of the quality of images. The main objective of this work is to develop a web system that through a digital image of a person's oral cavity will be sent to a digital processor of images to determine whether or not there is a presence of oral diseases and to get a better result in the diagnosis of gingivitis. For research and information regarding the use of digital image processing, we accessed websites Redalyc, Scielo, IEEE and ScienceDirect.


In the 1970s, the Brazilian government valued development more than environmental protection, even at the UN Conference on the Human Environment in June 1972. Today, however, Brazil has advanced environmental legislation in many areas and a huge environmental bureaucracy. The growth of the Brazilian environmental movement was mainly responsible for this turnaround.


In connection with experimental IR spectra of the 2-, 3-, and 4-biphenylmethanols in solid crystal state the presence of the hydrogen bond in their samples was found. Using the density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G*), the following parameters of the compounds mentioned above and of their H-bond complexes, which are formed in solid crystal phase have been computed: the energies, structures, dipole moments, polarizabilities, frequencies of the normal modes in harmonic approximation, IR intensities, Raman activities. On the basis of analysis of experimental spectra and modeling results the issues about crystal structure peculiarities of 2-, 3-, and 4-biphenylmethanols and about the influence of H-bond on the dynamics of their molecular systems were made.


We determined the echinocandin susceptibility and FKS1 genotypes of 13 clinical isolates of Candida auris that were recovered from 4 patients at a tertiary care center in Salvador, Brazil. Three isolates were categorized as echinocandin-resistant, and they harbored a novel FKS1 mutation that led to an amino acid change W691L located downstream from hot spot 1. ABSTRACT We determined the echinocandin susceptibility and FKS1 genotypes of 13 clinical isolates of Candida auris that were recovered from 4 patients at a tertiary care center in Salvador, Brazil. Three isolates were categorized as echinocandin-resistant, and they harbored a novel FKS1 mutation that led to an amino acid change W691L located downstream from hot spot 1. When introduced to echinocandin-susceptible C. auris strains by CRISPR/Cas9, Fks1 W691L induced elevated MIC values to all echinocandins (anidulafungin, 16 to 32×; caspofungin, >64×; micafungin, >64×).


Purpose – The purpose of this research was to investigate the structural relationships between chain restaurant patrons' brand attitude, utilitarian value, hedonic value, well‐being perception, and behavioral intentions with the moderating role of involvement.Design/methodology/approach – A review of the current literature in these areas revealed ten theoretical hypotheses, from which the authors derived a structural model. The model was tested utilizing data collected from 433 chain restaurant patrons. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were utilized to test the proposed theoretical relationships.Findings – Data analysis indicates that brand attitude and hedonic value bear a positive impact on patrons' well‐being perception. However, it was revealed that utilitarian value does not have significant impact on patrons' well‐being perception. It was also found that well‐being perception is the most powerful determinant of patrons' positive behavioral intentions. More importantly, w...


The evolution of persistent memory (PM) has significantly affected the design of today's indexing structures. Hashing‐based structures are widely used in storage systems to achieve fast query responses. Recently, several concurrent and failure‐atomic hashing schemes for PM have been proposed to improve the scalability. However, these works still suffer from limited scalability, especially under write‐intensive workloads or at a high number of threads. Our empirical study concludes three issues harm the scalability of PM hashing schemes: the NUMA effects, the resizing operations, and the inter‐thread interference overhead in PM. Based on the above scalability issues, we present SPHT, a scalable and persistent hashing scheme for hybrid DRAM‐PM memory. To eliminate the NUMA effects, SPHT maintains a hash subtable for every NUMA node and stores the key‐value items in the designated nodes. By doing so, all operations can be executed in the local memory without cross‐node communication. The hash subtable consists of two components: the search layer in DRAM for fast accesses and the data layer in PM for efficient persistence. The data layer is organized in a log‐structured way and its log chunks own separate PM space, thus avoiding the resizing operations in PM. Meanwhile, the compacted log structure also supports batching multiple small items, which effectively reduces the persistence overhead. Furthermore, to maximize concurrency, we assign threads to different partitions in the data layer to reduce the inter‐thread interference overhead. On Intel Optane DCPMM, our evaluations show that SPHT scales well and achieves up to 2.7 × higher performance than state‐of‐the‐art PM hashing schemes under YCSB workloads.


The study was carried out to determine the phytochemical content, antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiarrheal activity of methanolic extract of whole plant of Limnophila repens . The total phenolic, flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, β-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll-α, and chlorophyll-β contents were found to be 65.21 ± 0.004 mg GAE/g , 44.83 ± 0.003 mg QE/g , 17.21 ± 0.002 mg QE/g, 56.27 ± 0.002 mg GAE/g , 1.32 ± 0.01 µg/g, 0.93 ± 0.012 µg/g, 11.85 ± 0.04 mg/g and 9.69 ± 0.037 mg/g, respectively. In vitro antioxidant potential of L. repens was assessed using various methods like by 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, FRAP assay and thiobarbituric acid assay. IC 50 values of the aforesaid tests were found to be 2.33 mg/ml, 442.31 µg/ml, 374 µg/ml, 55.09 µg/ml, and 4.30 mg/ml, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity was observed 140.7 ± 0.004 mg/g AAE. Aantibacterial activity of the methanolic extracts of whole plant of L. repens was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. The plant extract didn't show any activity against Gram-positive (except Staphylococcus aureus ) and Gram-negative bacteria. Finally, castor oil induced method was conducted to investigate the antidiarrheal activity of L. repens . At the dose of 400 mg/kg, the plant extract (35.62% inhibition of diarrhea) exhibited stronger effect compared to standard drug, loperamide (27.4% inhibition of diarrhea).


Prophets in Israel: Stating a problem The Writing Prophets have, in Christian circles, traditionally been painted in a fairly romantic light as the giants of faith. A comparison between the superscriptions of the prophetic books and the historical literature of the Old Testament as well between the Jewish, Samaritan and Christian traditions' views of the prophets raises several questions regarding the 'office' of the prophets, their social role and the notion of the church's 'prophetic' calling. In the light of these questions the article calls for a fresh historical look at the Writing Prophets and identifies a few problem areas that may warrant further investigation.


Somatic gene therapy of many inborn errors of metabolism may require placement of recombinant genes into liver cells in order to provide substrates and cofactors for holoenzyme activity. We report retroviral mediated transfer of recombinant genes into isolated mouse hepatocytes. Hepatocytes isolated from young mice and cultured in defined, serum-free media (SUM-3) exhibited growth (3-5 divisions) and differentiated hepatic function for 1-2 weeks in culture. Cells were infected with a recombinant retrovirus carrying the neomycin (G418) resistance gene, selected with G418 and analyzed in situ. No uninfected hepatocytes survived in 250 ug/ml G418. Infected cells expressing the recombinant neomycin resistance gene survived selection in G418, exhibited characteristic hepatocyte morphology, and continued to expresss liver specific genes alpha1-antitrypsin and phenylalanine hydroxylase. These data indicated that primary hepatocytes had been successfuly transformed with the recombinant gene and expressed the recombinant gene product. Hepatocytes containing recombinant genes can be transplanted into host animals and will continue to express differentiated function. These experiments provide a model for future gene replacement therapy in Which recombinant genes may be introduced into autologous hepatocytes and transplanted into patients in order to reconstitute a defective biological function and reverse the process of genetic disease.


It is well known, that for any the maximal compact invariant set of the logistic map is hyperbolic and that is chaotic on Λμ. While this result can be found in most books dealing with chaotic dynamics, its proof is usually given only for In this paper, we present an elementary and self-contained proof for all


This paper analyzes what existence of the Japanese Settler Colonialism in Korea existed during the colonial period of Empire Japan from the context of "Japanese Settler Colonialism in Korea vs Naichi...


TiO2 modified with nobel metals(M/TiO2, M = Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ir, Au, Ag) was prepared by an impregnation method. The photocatalytic activity of M/TiO2 for bromate removal was studied under UV or visible light. The results show that high loading of Pt and Ag improves the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 on the removal of bromates up to 4.6 and 2.9 times, respectively. The photosensitization of the active species of the PtCl4 at the surface of Pt/TiO2 significantly improves the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Ag mainly existed on the surface of TiO2 in the form of Ag0. During the photocatalytic removal process, Ag0 reacted with Br- to form AgBr with visible light activity. Similar to PtCl4, AgBr greatly improves the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for bromate removal under visible light. However, Pd/TiO2, Ru/TiO2, Au/TiO2, Ir/TiO2, Rh/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 with low Ag loading can not enhance the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron and hole, or generate the active species with visible activity directly or indirectly. These materials become the recombination centers of the charge carriers, thus inhibits the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for bromate removal.


Key Points Mice deficient in Sema3E are more resistant to LPS-induced acute inflammation. Sema3E regulates macrophage phenotype and function in response to LPS. Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) is a secreted protein that was initially discovered as a neuronal guidance cue. Recent evidence showed that Sema3E plays an essential role in regulating the activities of various immune cells. However, the exact role of Sema3E in macrophage function, particularly during inflammation, is not fully understood. We studied the impact of Sema3E gene deletion on macrophage function during the LPS-induced acute inflammatory response. We found that Sema3E-deficient (Sema3e−/−) mice were better protected from LPS-induced acute inflammation as exemplified by their superior clinical score and effective temperature control compared with their wild-type littermates. This superior control of inflammatory response in Sema3e−/− mice was associated with significantly lower phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, STAT3, and NF-κB, and a concomitant reduction in inducible NO synthase expression and production of TNF and IL-6 compared with their Sema3e+/+ littermates. Sema3e−/− mice also contained significantly higher numbers of activated macrophages compared with their Sema3e+/+ littermates at both baselines and after LPS challenge. In vivo–specific deletion of the Sema3E high-affinity receptor, plexinD1, on macrophages led to the improvement in clinical disease following exposure to a lethal dose of LPS. Collectively, our data show that Sema3E plays an essential role in dampening the early inflammatory response to LPS by regulating macrophage function, suggesting an essential role of this pathway in macrophage inflammatory response.


Rationale: Host response is a critical factor determining susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). A delicate balance should be maintained between intracellular immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and minimizing detrimental immunopathology. Studies have identified incongruous immune responses that can lead to a similar TB disease phenotype. Instead of envisioning that susceptibility to TB follows a singular path, we propose the hypothesis that varied host endotypes exist within the TB clinical phenotype. Methods and Results: Unbiased clustering analysis from 12 publicly available gene expression datasets consisting of data from 717 TB patients and 527 controls, identified 4 TB patient endotypes with distinct immune responses. The two largest endotypes exhibit divergent metabolic, epigenetic and immune pathways. TB patient endotype A, comprising 333 TB patients (46.4%), is characterized by increased expression of genes important for i) glycolysis, ii) IL-2-STAT5, IL-6-STAT3, Type I and II Interferon IFN-{gamma} and TNF signaling and iii) epigenetic-modifying genes. In contrast, TB patient endotype B, comprising 313 TB patients (43.6%), is characterized by i) upregulated NFAT and hormone metabolism, and ii) decreased glycolysis, IFN-{gamma} and TNF signaling. In silico evaluation suggests therapies beneficial for endotype A could be detrimental to endotype B, and vice versa. Multiplex ELISA completed from an external validation cohort confirmed a TB patient sub-group with decreased immune upregulation. Conclusions: Host immunity to TB is heterogenous. Unbiased clustering analysis identified distinct TB endotypes with divergent metabolic, epigenetic and immune gene expression profiles that may enable stratified or personalized treatment management in the future.


The flutter speeds for a wing are obtained using lifting surface unsteady aerodynamics using modules form a system of programs called the flutter analysis system (FAST). Flutter speeds are obtained using a V-g type of solution. The derivatives of the flutter speed with respect to shape parameters of the wing are calculated using ADIFOR


Abstract Let A be a standard transitive admissible set. Σ1-separation is the principle that whenever X and Y are disjoint Σ1A subsets of A then there is a ⊿1A subset S of A such that X ⊆ S and Y ∩ S = ∅. Theorem. If satisfies Σ-separation, then (1) If 〈Tn∣n < ω) ϵ A is a sequence of trees on ω each of which has at most finitely many infinite paths in A then the function n ↦ (set of infinite paths in A through Tn) is in A. (2) If A is not closed under hyperjump and α = OnA then A has in it a nonstandard model of V = L whose ordinal standard part is α. Theorem. Let α be any countable admissible ordinal greater than ω. Then there is a model of Σ1-separation whose height is α.


At present, when increasing uncertainty, volatility and turbulence are the main attributes of economic activity, the role of risk management as a tool for ensuring the economic and financial security of economic entities is increasing. Risk management provides a risk forecast in a simple and understandable form, suggests directions and methods for mitigation. For most business entities, quantitative risk assessment is the most acceptable and understandable, and therefore, in recent decades, the Value at Risk (VaR) methodology for assessing asset risk exposure has been used, aimed at assessing and minimizing possible asset value losses. The purpose of the study is to summarize theoretical approaches and best practices for applying the Value at Risk methodology to substantiate and assess financial risks. The object of the study is scientific approaches to the definition of VaR as a measure of risk; the subject of the study is economic relations and patterns that arise in the process of forecasting and minimizing the financial risks of economic entities. The methods of logical analysis, generalization, structuring, economic and mathematical methods were chosen as the main research methods. The empirical basis of the study was data from open information resources, analytical agencies, and statistical materials. The information base of the study is open sources, accumulating data on the quotation of shares of economic entities. The novelty of the study lies in the generalization of the possibilities of applying the VaR methodology for assessing the risks of assets of various business entities, determining the ways of interpreting this indicator depending on the approaches used to determine it. As conclusions and recommendations, the authors present directions for the practical application of the VaR methodology in the presence of various amounts of information and input data.


Virgin females of Glossina morsitans Westw. derived from pupae collected on the field were exposed in the laboratory to virgin sterile males and later to virgin normal males; the resulting productivity was an indication of multiple mating by females. Females inseminated once with sterile sperm and then held for 0, 24 or 96 hr. before being allowed to mate with fertile males produced about equal numbers of progeny 29–56 days later; however, subequal numbers of progeny were produced the first 28 days after the initial mating because of the relationship between the time of the second insemination and ovulation. Females given the opportunity to mate repeatedly for 96 hours with their first mates also mated again with new groups of males, but the incidence of this second mating was lower. Thus, multiple mating of females in the laboratory is established, but its frequency in nature is unkown. When groups of males were exposed to successive new groups of virgin females, the minimum mean number of females inseminated per male renged from 4.9 to 5.6. However, the later inseminations were progressively less effective, and once the complement of sperm of an individual male was depleted, fertility was not recovered. The multiple mating of male and female G. morsitans is not expected to affect the use of sterile males for population control.


This study examined in a college sample and a sample of non-treatment-seeking, trauma-exposed veterans the association between the MMPI–2 Restructured Form (MMPI–2–RF) Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY–5) Scales and DSM–5 Section 2 personality disorder (PD) criteria, the same system used in DSM–IV–TR, and the proposed broad personality trait dimensions contained in Section 3 of DSM–5. DSM–5 Section 2 PD symptoms were assessed using the SCID–II–PQ, and applying a replicated rational selection procedure to the SCID–II–PQ item pool, proxies for the DSM–5 Section 3 dimensions and select facets were constructed. The MMPI–2–RF PSY–5 scales demonstrated appropriate convergent and discriminant associations with both Section 2 PDs and Section 3 dimensions in both samples. These findings suggest the MMPI–2–RF PSY–5 scales can serve both conceptually and practically as a bridge between the DSM–5 Section 2 PD criteria and the DSM–5 Section 3 personality features.


The present invention discloses a coating film exhibits excellent characteristics of a new generation of environmentally friendly water-based coating composition. The mesoporous silica nanoparticles waterborne coating composition comprising a silicone in water and film-forming catalyst, and optionally with small amount of ethanol. Also discloses a preparation method and use of the water-based coating compositions.


The invention discloses a method of controlling a display mode and a device and belongs to the technical field of computers. The method comprises the steps of obtaining current system time, adjusting a current time period according to the current system time and a set time period, obtaining a first display mode corresponding to the current time period according to the current time period, and upgrading a current display mode into the first display mode. According to the method, the current time is obtained, the time period of the current time is adjusted, the first display mode corresponding to the current period is obtained, the current display mode is upgraded into the first display mode, and therefore automatic switchover of the display mode is achieved, the technical defect that a user manually upgrades the display mode is avoided, and use experience of a user is improved.


The use of magnesium oxide basifying agents in the leather tanning process is a worldwide industry practice. The role of this product during basification and its importance at the end of chrome tanning are well known. But, important features of magnesium oxide (MgO) and the processes used to manufacture this compound are not that well understood by the tanning industry. In recent years MgO based basifying agents have been treated by some as a "commodity chemical" and important technical features of this compound have been neglected. As a consequence, the professional tanning industry has lost some control over the quality of basification, placing at risk the integrity of the process and the wetblue produced. Magnesium oxide characteristics, such as size distribution and surface area of particles, are important in determining the reactivity of the product and therefore highly relevant to basification. The main objective of this article is to provide information to professional tanners to assist them in optimizing control over this part of the tanning process. This paper aims to provide information relevant to the production of MgO, its purification and control of quality, and application of MgO in basification. In addition to size distribution and average surface area of particles, other aspects and features of MgO that impact the quality of processing along with the storage of wet blue leather and its interaction with other important chemical auxiliaries in the wet process will be discussed.


The history of printing in Antequera between 1573 and 1603 is studied through the analysis of four active printers, their bioraphies and output trying to discover the reasons that contributed to the sudden appearance of printers in the city. Information is provided on the Nebrija family descibing their work in Antequera and differentiating it from their work in Granada, which has been very little studied, and setting it into the context of the printing privileges and economic interests they had. Details are also provided on the work carried out by printers other than the four mentioned in the title.


The purpose of this research was to identify the competencies of an educational technologist via a job announcement analysis. Four hundred job announcements were collected from a variety of online job databases over a 5-month period. Following a systematic process of collection, documentation, and analysis, we derived over 150 knowledge, skill, and ability statements from the job announcements themselves based on a conceptual framework. We coded the frequency to which the competencies occurred in each announcement and summarized the results meaningfully in our article. Results suggest educational technologists must be competent in multiple areas, but especially in instructional design, project management, technical skills, and soft skills. Results provide compelling evidence that educational technology professionals must work with a wide variety of stakeholders in their work. The findings of our research are relevant to professionals, professional associations, and academic programs interested in competencies. A discussion for the results is provided.


This study shows that a physically decoupled but hydraulically linked design focusing on surface infiltration components (i.e., excluding underdrain and infiltration bed systems) can be the preferred way to have a low-cost and robust stormwater control measure (SCM) system. The SCM under investigation in Philadelphia, PA, is a green infrastructure (GI) and has a mirrored design of two sets of hydraulically linked planters. Each planter has an overflow pipe connected to an underground infiltration bed. The system showed excellent overall performance as no overflow/bypass entering the combined sewer. A large variation of saturated hydraulic conductivity was found for the planter soil, and the planter with lower saturated hydraulic conductivity created surface runoff that overflows to the next planter in line. Due to the linked design, the unexpected deviation of performance of a single planter did not affect overall system performance. The infiltration bed showed great variation in water drawdown rate at different water depth, which could be caused by the possible high heterogeneity of the native soil. The study argued that overflow systems, which handled only about 18% of runoff in this study, can be replaced by slightly larger surface area for lower building cost, lower maintenance cost, and more reliable performance.


The thesis deals with educational aspects, psychology and relatioships of characters in the books The Graveyard book and Anansi Boys and then compares these.


To the Editor.— The PIOPED (Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis) study, 1 being a large, multicenter study, will undoubtedly have an effect on the use of lung ventilation/perfusion scans by many other physicians. However, the conclusions of the study are seriously flawed. All ventilation imaging was done only in posterior view and with xenon 133. Ventilation imaging is best done in the views that show perfusion defects. If aerosol is used, then the same six views as on perfusion imaging can be obtained. The drawback to this is the limitation of aerosol imaging to assessing only early or wash-in ventilation. Xenon 127 gives images with much better resolution than does xenon 133 and, unlike xenon 133, can be used after perfusion imaging without interference from technetium Tc 99m photons. Computer subtraction of the perfusion images is therefore not necessary, as it is if xenon 133 is used after technetium


We present new accurate measurements of the differential cross section {sigma}({theta}) and the proton analyzing power A{sub y} for proton-{sup 3}He elastic scattering at various energies. A supersonic gas-jet target has been employed to obtain these low-energy cross-section measurements. The {sigma}({theta}) distributions have been measured at E{sub p}=0.99, 1.59, 2.24, 3.11, and 4.02 MeV. Full angular distributions of A{sub y} have been measured at E{sub p}=1.60, 2.25, 3.13, and 4.05 MeV. This set of high-precision data is compared to four-body variational calculations employing realistic nucleon-nucleon (NN) and three-nucleon (3N) interactions. For the unpolarized cross section, the agreement between the theoretical calculation and data is good when a 3N potential is used. The comparison between the calculated and measured proton analyzing powers reveals discrepancies of approximately 50% at the maximum of each distribution. This is analogous to the existing 'A{sub y} puzzle' known for the past 20 years in nucleon-deuteron elastic scattering.