A method is applied to maintain the long-term calibration of a microwave radiometer through intersatellite calibration and is used to mitigate an observed calibration drift of the Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR) on Jason-2/Ocean Surface Topography Mission. The AMR provides a correction for the wet tropospheric path delay (PD) of the radar altimeter signal, and it is critical that any drift in the radiometer be estimated and removed to enable studies of global mean sea-level variability. The intersatellite calibration method transfers the long-term calibration from other satellite microwave radiometers using a transfer function to map the other sensor's brightness temperature (TB) observations to those of the AMR. Intersensor mapping functions are derived separately for ocean observations and observations over the Amazon rainforest. This provides a warm and cold TB calibration reference to enable the distinction between long-term gain and offset drifts. A database of co-incident observations is generated between the AMR and conically scanning microwave sensors, namely, AMSR-E, TMI, and SSMIS. Monthly averaged differences are found between the AMR and the AMR equivalent TBs computed from the reference sensors. The apparent change in the AMR calibration determined from the three reference sensors is intercompared between the sensors and compared to that determined using natural on-Earth references. It is found that apparent trends in the AMR TBs between the reference sensors and the natural on-Earth references agree within a month to better than 0.4 K. The AMR 18.7- and 23.8-GHz channels are found to be stable to 0.5 K over the first three years of the mission, and the calibration 34.0-GHz channel is found to drift downward by approximately 6 K. In all channels, the calibration change is determined to be a series of offset jumps (independent of TB). These calibration changes in each AMR channel are estimated and removed using the comparisons to the reference sensors. The uncertainty in the PD long-term stability after recalibration is estimated to be less than 0.5 mm/year from July 2008 to August 2011.


The invention relates to a root-shaped filling pile which comprises a main root filling pile and root hair filling piles separately arranged at the periphery of the main root filling pile, wherein one end of the each root hair filling pile is fixedly connected with the main root filling pile. The root-shaped filling pile is based on natural growth of trees and natural combination of roots and soils, can firmly erect on the ground, can steadily bear self weight and resist attack of heavy wind, ice, snow and external forces, and is nearly completely arranged underground, so that the land occupation amount is greatly reduced, the soil excavation and backfilling amount is reduced, ecological damages are reduced and resource consumption is reduced.


Ethylammonium-layered aluminosilicates intercalates were prepared by ion exchange reaction between the layered silicates with different layer charge density of 0.32~0.41 e per unit formula and ethylammonium chloride. A kinetic study on the thermal deintercalation of the ethylammonium-layered silicate intercalates was carried out by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A single step deintercalation was observed in the temperature range of 350℃ to 480℃ (heating rate of 10℃/min). Based on the Ozawa's method, the activation energies of the thermal deintercalation reaction were estimated as 171.2~133.0 kJ/mol, which increase linearly with the layer charge densities.


Liquidity is the important property of stock market,but it is difficult to define and measure liquidity.In this paper,according to the price impact of investor,we define the liquidity risk and design two indices Q and Qvar measuring liquidity risk of portfolio.In the end,we do some empirical research using the data of some sample stock in Shanghai Stock Exchanges,and draw a conclusion that diversification not only can reduce price risk,but also can reduce liquidity risk.


Recent work in computational structural analysis and design has been greatly aided by the evolution of the finite element method into a powerful tool for the solution of a broad range of problems. This report addresses the following questions: how to calculate, at reasonable cost, reliable estimates of the error of computed finite element solutions; how to set up the overall solution process so as to achieve, with reasonable certainty and efficiency, a solution for which the accuracy either falls into a prescribed range or is best possible for the allotted computational cost. Certain one- and two- dimensional problems are considered first; later, the results are extended to nonlinear problems. Experimental results for a particular nonlinear two-point boundary-value problem show that the combination of continuation, error estimation, and adaptive mesh construction should be an extremely effective approach to the computational solution of many practical engineering problems. 15 figures, 11 tables. (RWR)


Three new species of the endemic West Indian bee lineage Habralictellus are described. Habralictellus rufopanticis sp. nov. occurs on Puerto Rico, Mona Island and the British Virgin Islands while H. eickwortellus sp. nov. is known only from Puerto Rico. Habralictellus eleutherensis sp. nov. is described from the Bahamas and Cuba. Available floral records for H. rufopanticis are provided.


The protective effects of ginsenosides(GS)on rat brain against ischemia reperfusiondamage were studied with a model of reversible middlecerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). It was found thatGS decreased infarct size. attenuated neurologic defi-cits and inhibited the increment in putrescine afterMCAO. The degree of increment in brain putrescinecontent after MCAO has been demonstrated to be cor-related closely with the infarct size. which provided fur-ther evidence for the accumulation of putrescine to betaken as a biochemical correlate of ischemic brain dam-age and suggested that the protective effect of GS onthe ischemic-reperfusion brain may be related to its in-fluence on the polyamine contents in the ischemicbrain .


Introduction : Orchid roots are commonly used in traditional medicine as an energizing drug and sexual enhancer. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of Orchid roots on the serum concentrations of progesterone and luteinizing hormones in female rats. Materials and Methods: The present experimental study was conducted on 40 adult female Wistar rats randomly divided into 5 groups of equal sizes, including the negative control group (receiving no drugs), the sham control group (receiving 1 ml of distilled water) and experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 (receiving 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg aqueous extract of Orchid roots, in respective order). The extract was injected intraperitoneally to the experimental groups for 28 days. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were taken from the rats to examine their serum levels of progesterone and LH (p<0.05). Results: mg/kg doses the serum levels of progesterone and LH significantly compared in the negative and sham control groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Orchid roots can have a positive effect on ovulation in females through increasing their serum concentrations of progesterone and LH.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the media-assisted game team tournament model for snake and ladder games, my dream theme on the learning outcomes of fourth grade students of SDN genuksari 01 semarang.  Research results as follows. 1) the average student learning outcomes in the great subtheme of my dream is still low, while the completeness criteria is at least 65, 2) at the time of learning the student plays alone, talks with a peer, and does not listen to the teacher, 3) the model and media used teachers sometimes make students become bored so that the student are in passive and crowded learning themselves.There is a difference in student learning outcomes before and after using the model of the assisted tournament snake ladder game team game as evidenced by tcount 0,0624 > 2,04. Individual learning completeness posttest scores better than pretest scores. Classical learning completeness reach 90%.


The paper deals in detail with the designing methods of hardware and software of the data exchanging unit used in model KJ93 mine control and monitoring system for safety and production.


This article presents the complete chain of a method for the detection of artery section area in its perpendicular cut. The main components of the complete method are the Hough transformation for the detection of initial circle parameters and the method of discrimination-based artificial immune system for the classification of pixels located inside and outside of the artery. The source image for this processing procedure is an ultrasound B-mode picture. The main goal of this work is to find the curve of the heart cycle of blood pressure in an ultrasound video-sequence which contains a short sample (a few seconds) of pulsating geometric dimensions of the carotis comunis artery in time.


Brief individual counselling by nurses in primary care can lead to sustained increases in consumption of fruit and vegetables in adults on low incomes.


Objectives: To assess the correlation between left atrial (LA) longitudinal strain and occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods: 100 patients with DCM were evaluated. Conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography were done to evaluate LA diameters, volumes and longitudinal strain. Results: Left atrial dimensions and volumes were significantly greater in AF group. LA longitudinal strain and LA emptying fraction were significantly lower in AF group. LA longitudinal strain and LA minimal volume are independent predictors for AF presence. ROC curve showed that LA longitudinal strain cut-off value <11.1% can predict the presence of AF in DCM patients with 96% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity (AUC 0.982, 95% CI 0.959–1.0, P < 0.001) Conclusion: Left atrial longitudinal strain was significantly reduced in AF in the setting of DCM. LA longitudinal strain and LAVmin are independent predictors for AF occurrence in this group of patients with LA strain values <11.1% can be used to predict AF in DCM.


The cryptochromes are a family of blue light photoreceptors that play important roles in the controls of plant development. Seven full‐length cryptochrome cDNAs (GmCRY1a, GmCRY1b, GmCRY1c, GmCRY1d, GmCRY2a, GmCRY2b, and GmCRY2c) were isolated by cDNA library screening and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction from 'Williams' soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], indicating that soybean cryptochrome genes comprise a multigene family. They had homologies ranging from 60 to 89% with CRY1 and CRY2 genes of Arabidopsis and pea (Pisum sativum L.). Two types of transcripts were isolated in GmCRY1b, GmCRY1c, GmCRY1d, and GmCRY2a. One type was derived from four exons, whereas the other type was derived from five exons. Occurrence of the former transcript could be explained by retention of the fourth intron, suggesting existence of alternative splicing. Gene sequences were compared between a soybean line, Tokei 780, and an accession of soybean wild relative, Glycine soja, Hidaka 4. Based on a 10‐bp indel, an amplicon length polymorphism (ALP) marker was designed for mapping of GmCRY2b. For mapping of the other cryptochrome genes, derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) markers were constructed. The cryptochrome genes were individually assigned to different molecular linkage groups (MLG) (GmCRY1a: MLG C1; GmCRY1b: C2; GmCRY1c: B2; GmCRY1d: F; GmCRT2a: O; GmCRY2b: D1b; GmCRY2c: I). The distribution of cryptochrome genes that was deduced from the soybean genome database was consistent with mapping results.


The effects of various treatment conditions such as H2 flow rate, time, particle size etc. on Cr diffusion coating by powder method were studied. The behavior of the surface layer was discussed with respect to the weight increase of specimens by reducing reaction. The results obtained and considerations were as follows: (1) Since a reversible relation was found between the generating reaction of CrCl2 and the reducing reaction for Cr deposition, the maximum value appeared in the H2 flow rate (partial pressure of H2) for the weight increase by the equilibrium between the both reactions. (2) The reaction rate was higher with the decrease of Cr particle size in the diffusion agent and was determined by the step of gas diffusion. On the other hand, the rate was determined by the step of chemical reaction rate for coarse particles. (3) Since the weight increase of specimens was caused by exchange reaction, not by reducing reaction, the specimens having higher content of iron showed smaller increase of weight.


This reference design demonstrates the use of the AWR6843AOP, a 60GHz single chip mmWave sensor with integrated antenna. The sensor also has integrated DSP, MCU and a hardware accelerator for FFT processing. The 60GHz TI AWR6843 AOP sensor can help developers to address a wide range of incabin sensing applications, including uses cases like detection of child across 2 rows of a car, seat belt warning, and intruder detection. The small form factor enables placement of sensor in locations like overhead console around the rear-view mirror, in the headliner, in the B/C pillars and the seats. It thus provides flexibility to Tier1's and car makers in planning the end use cases.


Abstract : Several miniature tunable short-wave receivers were designed, built, and evaluated, using two types of fabrication techniques. One type used chemically deposited resistors and conductors, with the remainder of the components placed in holes in the glass substrate; the other type used all miniature components mounted on an etched circuit board. Both receiver types have a volume less than 0.5 cu. in. Novel features include a newly developed shielded, dual-section, miniature, variable tuning capacitor and miniature pretuned, toroidal, IF transformers. The re ceiver has a sensitivity of about 1 microvolt and a power consumption of 12 mw. The tuning rangextends from 12 to 18 Mc. (Author)


Two steaks were removed from the semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris muscles at 3, 6 or 9 days postmortem and vacuum packaged. Steaks were stored for 48 hr at 2°C or 7°C before retail display. Steaks cut at 3 days had less (P < 0.05) surface discoloration than those removed at 6 or 9 days. In most comparisons, steaks removed at 3 days were more desirable (P < 0.05) in overall appearance than steaks removed at either 6 or 9 days and stored at either temperature. Storage temperature did not accelerate lean color development for vacuum packaged beef round steaks. With increasing time postmortem before fabrication into steaks, longer storage periods may be needed before display to allow devet opment of proper lean color.


In this article,a modeling and simulation methods about vibration of the steam turbine under partial admission was proposed,and an effective measure to prevent the harmful turbine vibration was presernted through both the spectrum analysis and the contrast analysis about the steam turbine vibration under different abmission conditions.Firstly,three-dimensional finite element model was established along the steam turbine test-bed.Secondly,the exciting force calculated by CFD software was loaded on the moving blade and.Thirdly,analysing(spectrum analysis) the test points' acceleration by MATLAB.At last,summed up a conclusion: there is a relation between the turbine vibration and the imbalance degree of exciting force,and the of exciting force at two adjacent inlet channel is the highest where the vibration is also the strongest;the imbalance degree of exciting force at two diagonal inlet channel and full scale admission is the lowest,where the vibration is also the weakest.At the same time,if the test points are different,the turbine vibration intensity maybe different.


In every music genre which has lyrics, the poetic concept of voice becomes more complex, because at least two of its senses intersect: that of the voice as something that emerges from enunciation and as "corporeality of speech". Thus, a complex semantic framework is configured, where the voice "is situated in the articulation between the body and the discourse" (Barthes, 1986: 252). In this knot, tango and fado are two genres of the port song, whose voice is also modeled by a particular space space: the port city, characterized by being a space of ambiguity, circulation and margin, contact and hybridization, where the possibilities of encounters and misunderstandings, discovery and masking are played. In this context, the issue of identity, problematic in itself (Robin, 1996: 30) is resized. The objective of this paper is to make a first approach to the problem of the identity of the lyric subject in these genres, starting from those tangos and fados where the speaker says who he is, that is, he makes a conscious self-definition. We will deal mainly with songs in which the subject is explicitly assimilated with the singer or the fadist.


In order to establish a reliable method for the determination of plasma renin activity in small samples, we have compared the methods reported. The method of Boucher et al. was found to be reliable, and modified in the laboratory. Expression of renin activity by the first order reaction constant was emphasized.


The frequency-independent foundation impedances, commonly used in soil-structure dynamic interaction problems, are developed for a circular footing resting on a homogeneous halfspace. As they ignore the structure attached to the foundation, the error introduced in the structural response may be 50 per cent or more in the neighbourhood of the fundamental frequency of the soil-structure system.

The present study proposes a new method developed for most dynamic soil-structure interaction problems. The key idea is to retain for the frequency-independent impedances values computed for the fundamental frequency of the soil-structure system; thus these values include the dynamic characteristics of the whole soil-structure system and lead to a satisfactory approximation of the exact solution over a wide frequency range. The method is developed here for the horizontal and rocking modes of a structure with a circular base resting on a homogeneous halfspace.

Numerical applications are given for a simple linear oscillator in order to make possible a thorough parametric study. The response of some idealized building-foundation systems to harmonic excitation or to a seismic input is next examined in order to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed model.


Reflecting concepts from Richard D. Lewis and Kai Hammerich's latest book, Fish Can't See Water, this seminar prepares companies for the challenges of a global business environment. It explains the concept that we can't see our own cultural environment and uses detailed case studies to understand why, in certain cases, this has led to business failure whereas others have met the cultural challenges successfully. Seminar Outline Duration: 1 day


The need for a compliant parallel micromanipulator (CPM) providing large motion range and high precision is increasing. Existing CPMs vary in constraint configurations and therefore it is necessary to verify/compare their characteristics. This paper compares three kinds of typical over-constrained CPMs, and derives their theoretical compliance matrix models pointing out constraint characteristics of the three kinematic configurations. Then the three CPMs are analyzed with FEA (finite element analysis), and results illustrate that the theoretical compliance matrix models are close to their FEA models. Moreover, cross-axis coupling along two motion axes (X&Y), parasitic motion and compliance fluctuation of motion stages are described in details. Through analyzing the FEA results, we present an improved CPM with a mirror-symmetry structure and redundant-constraint characteristic which can effectively constraint in-plane parasitic yaw and cross-axis coupling. It is shown that the improved CPM presented in this paper has a series of merits: large motion range up to 10mm×10mm in the dimension of 311mm×311mm×24mm, small compliance fluctuation (only 37.32% of that of the initial model), a smaller cross-axis coupling (only 24.39% of that of the initial model generated by a single-axis 5mm driving), a smaller in-plane parasitic yaw (only 53.57% of that of the initial model generated by double-axis 5mm driving).


This article looks at the ongoing dispute between the American brewer Anheuser-Busch and the Czech beer producer Budejovický Budvar over the right to use the name Budweiser or Bud on their products. Currently, both of the brewers produce a beer labelled 'Budweiser'. The fight concerns one of the most controversial issues of intellectual property protection: the co-existence of trademarks and geographical indications. The case under review, Case C-216/01 Budejovický Budvar v. Rudolf Ammersin GmbH, Judgment of 18 November 2003, is only one episode in this ongoing dispute. This article explains why the decision of the Court of Justice does not answer the question whether co-existence of these particular classes of names or more generally of geographical indications and trademarks is possible. An overview of other international disputes in relation to the same issue is also provided in this article.


In Tokyo Bay, conger tube-trap fishers voluntarily deployed escape holes of at least 13 mm diameter to reduce the by-catch of young conger smaller than the marketable size of 35 cm total length. Comparative fishing experiments in Tokyo Bay were carried out using tube traps with seven hole diameters (3, 9, 13.5, 14, 15, 17, and 19 mm), to obtain the size-selectivity of the escape-hole size for inshore hagfish Eptatretus burgeri and white-spotted conger Conger myriaster. On the assumption of the geometrical similarity in the combination of body g and hole perimeter m at a given retention probability, a single master curve s(R)=exp(−13.52+11.31R)/(1+exp[−13.52+11.31R]) was estimated for the two species in terms of relative R=g/m using the Share Each LEngth's Catch Total (SELECT) process based on a multinomial distribution. Almost all conger and hagfish with a girth equivalent to the hole perimeter were able to pass through the hole. Thus, the two species have a high ability to escape through a narrow space by squeezing the body through the hole in the rigid PVC tube. Optimum escape-hole size is discussed from several objectives for conger tube-trap fishery management, e.g. reduction of hagfish by-catch. This study also specifies the conditions for pooling data when fishing experiments using more than two fishing gears are replicated.


Valuing the customers" value in electronic markets is very important in the present world for the development of internet banking and for any financial institution .In the paper we tried to provide an insight into the demographic profiles of Dilla, Ethiopias" internet banking customers. Most Dilla customers like to visit internet banking a few times or a few weeks mainly for checking their account balances or bank statements. Half of the respondents used internet banking for transfer of funds between accounts. The promotion of the security of internet banking and its functions are still important for internet banking development. In respect to faith.


The diversity and evolution potential of human's tourism demand makes dark tourism,which is a new way of traveling,come into fashion in foreign countries.Although domestic dark tourism is still in its infancy,the trend of its prevalence seems more and more obvious.Scholars are increasingly concerned about this new way of traveling,and try to study it from different perspectives.Be similar to red tourism,the dark tourism has its specific limitations.This paper tries to explore the relationship between dark tourism and people's psychological changes,hoping to provide some thinking on the development of the domestic dark tourism.


A large scale (26metres x 7metres) temporary architectural structure built in the Arch Space at Beaconsfield Gallery, London. this structure was then intervened upon by artist Gary Woodley in the form of a large architectural drawing upon the structure and the existing architecture of the arch.


This paper analyzes the effect of income inequality on economic growth. World Bank data on countries' growth, GINI index, unemployment, savings, FDI and HDI were used to estimate multiple linear regression models. Eight models were developed to test the hypothesis of a negative relationship between growth and GINI. The models controlled for economic differences between countries. The results showed no significant evidence for the hypothesis, concluding that GINI is more likely to affect growth in the long run; it is difficult to capture this dynamic affect using cross sectional analysis. Variables such as savings, unemployment and investment is shown to be more likely to affect growth in the short run.


Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a multiorgan disease with symptoms related to ineffective or absent beating of motile cilia in different body systems (1). It typically presents early in life with unexplained respiratory distress in the first 24 hours after birth; other cardinal symptoms include chronic productive cough and persistent rhinosinusitis, both usually beginning during infancy (1). Lung disease in people with PCD is characterized by impaired mucociliary clearance, recurrent bacterial infection, and pulmonary exacerbations resulting in progressive obstructive lung disease and bronchiectasis (1, 2). Neutrophil-dominated inflammation of the airways with elevated levels of neutrophil chemoattractants is well documented in PCD (3–5). Airway epithelial cells respond to inhaled bacteria by producing proinflammatory cytokines to recruit neutrophils and other immune cells to the site of infection (6). The antibacterial response of neutrophils is essential to contain infection and includes phagocytosis, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and the release of reactive oxygen species and proteases (7). In healthy subjects, the inflammatory response is usually restrained and resolved by antiinflammatory cytokines, but it tends to persist in chronic airway diseases, including PCD and cystic fibrosis (CF) (3). There is also evidence to suggest that abnormal mucus clearance can initiate and potentially maintain airway inflammation independent of infection (8). The link between inflammation and the subsequent course of lung disease has been studied extensively in CF (9, 10), but data are currently lacking for PCD. In this issue ofAnnalsATS, Sagel and colleagues (pp. 67–74) present the findings of the first multicenter observational study on airway inflammation in pediatric patients with PCD (11). Sputum inflammatory markers such as neutrophil elastase (NE), interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-a concentrations correlated positively with abnormal computed tomography findings and negatively with lung function (11). No significant difference was found between the different groups of ciliary defects, but sputumNE, IL-1b, and tumor necrosis factor-a concentrations were higher in those with positive sputum cultures for common bacterial pathogens. The finding of persistent neutrophilic inflammation in PCD is consistent with previous single-center studies that evaluated differences in airway inflammation between patients with PCD and patients with CF. Bush and colleagues demonstrated that IL-8 sputum concentrations are higher in PCD than CF, although some of themeasurements were performed during pulmonary exacerbations (5).We had previously assessed airway inflammation in a small group of patients with PCD at the time of clinical stability, during pulmonary exacerbations, and after treatment in comparison with patients with CF infected with similar bacterial pathogens (4). Sputum neutrophil counts were elevated in patients with stable PCD, and, at the time of exacerbation, absolute neutrophil counts were significantly higher in PCD than in CF, even though bacterial density was higher in the CF group.Markers of airway inflammation improved with treatment in both groups, but a significant decrease in NE activity after the antibiotic course was only seen in patients with PCD. Therefore, although both diseases are characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, differences exist, especially during pulmonary exacerbation and in the response to antibiotic treatment, which need to be explored further to better understand the specifics of airway inflammation in both diseases. Higher sputum neutrophil counts in patients have previously been linked to clinical severity, as reflected by increased cough frequency (12), but the study by Sagel and colleagues is the first to demonstrate that measurements of airway inflammation are associated with impaired lung function and structural damage. These findings show a linkage to disease progression and could serve as possible markers for disease trajectories and severity. Although the findings reported by Sagel and colleagues do not necessarily prove causation, such measurements may help to further our This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0. For commercial usage and reprints, please e-mail Diane Gern.


The present invention general asphalt by 2 won common asphalt concrete produced with the additive melting relates to Mastic Asphalt production method using a Mastic Asphalt production system and Feeder supply therefor and Feeder supply apparatus using a Feeder supply by the equipment of the versatility production possible, and additives melt is invention can produce Mastic asphalt that while being stirred and heated by the Cooker of the available other hand, the common asphalt concrete and the melted additives moved by the on-site installation of the Lee Dongsik feeder supply satisfied Luer flow reference value.


The semantic field of a certain community has many useful properties that can be used to promote the product. People belonging to the semantic form their own strategy of promoting goods and services, which subsequently consume all members of this society. The relevance of this article is to study the factors affecting the formation of reputation for goods and services within the semantic fields. The heterogeneity of the phenomena of semantic fields in modern institutions does not reduce the qualitative properties provided for the study of this kind. The object of the study is the relationship within the semantic field, the subject of the study are the processes of formation of reputation in the semantic fields.


Other things being equal, all elements of health care should be based on evidence of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Some convincing reasons, however, do exist to suggest that we as obstetricians have a special responsibility and that obstetrics may be "more equal" than other health disciplines in its need to be based on solid evidence.


annual incidence of all CNS primary tumours was 11.5/ 100000/year, (10.7 for intracranial and 0.5 for intarsia location). Mean age at diagnosis year was 50.7 the most common tumour types were glioblastoma (26.1%). It was an increasing trend of incidence rate from 9.6911 00 OOO/year (1977-1986) to 12.191100000/year (1991-2000). The most increase incidence was noted for meningiomas (from 1.0 to 3.17). The l-year survival for all tumours was 60.5% (95% CI=57.2-65.8) and the 5 years survival was 52.2% (95% CI=48.7-55.7). Comparing the first and the second time period, significant improvements occurred in survival for all tumours. Conclusion The results of this study confirm the observation made in other countries that the incidence of primary brain tumours is increasing, and the further research into their aetiology and treatment is required.


In this paper,the determination of trace Lead in sea water by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was studied.With a pH value of 4~5,lead was concentrated by complex-extraction technology and whirlpool mixer.The optimum Ash/Atom process for determination were discussed and determined.The results showed that the method was simple and the lost of sample in the analysis is decreased,the accuracy and sensitivity of the analysis is also satisfying.


Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly nanostructured coordination polymers that contain metal cations and organic linkers and feature very large pore volumes and surface areas. The sorption and desorption of n-pentane vapor by porphyrin aluminum metal–organic framework Al-MOF-TCPPH2 where TCPPH2 is tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin linker were studied by a novel method of in-situ time-dependent attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in a controlled atmosphere and complementary in-situ and ex-situ methods. Sorption facilely occurs in the flow of dried air, and in the obtained adsorption complex the adsorbate molecules interact with phenyl and carboxylate groups of the linker and the O-H group. Sorption kinetics follows the pseudo-first-order rate law, as confirmed by in-situ time-dependent gravimetry. Further, an ex-situ (static) sorption of n-pentane vapor results in an adsorption complex with as much as 29.1 wt.% n-pentane with the stoichiometric formula [Al-MOF-TCPPH2]2(n-C5H12)7 and a distinct XRD pattern. Finally, in the flow of dried air, the adsorption complex gradually desorbed n-pentane, following the pseudo-first-order rate law. The reversibility of sorption and desorption makes porphyrin aluminum MOF promising for the separation of light hydrocarbons and chemo-sensing. In-situ time-dependent ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in a controlled atmosphere, in combination with in-situ time-dependent gravimetry, is a new approach for the determination of binding sites of sorbents with adsorbate molecules, the stoichiometry of complexes, and chemical kinetics of "solid–gas" interactions.


t)i spl ays of indigenous peoples of the curopean world have been Iollowing a continuoos tradition, tor which many examples can be tound rcgarding thc [nuit. This historical phenomena faced a period of incrcasing importance during the 1 Qth ccntury wlien ti niversal Exhibitions were developed and companies and showrnan arranged exhibitions of various people as an attcmpt lo combine bosiness and entertainmeni. The di iferetice between tbe two sorts of mcntioned exhibitions resulted from si ightly ditfercnt ideologies which disappeard as time goes by. The display of the Lskimo, which took place jo Nladrid 1 u 19(1(1 and of which no gathered information in terrns of an essav cx t stcd. shoulcl be see n in t bis con tcxt.


Angkor Wat and its gateway city of Siem Reap (SR) hseen a remarkable growth of tourism for the past decade. Many tourists have bee n native English speakers. This means that tourist industry (TI) employees need to have a high level of English communication ability (ECA) to communicate with international travelers effecti vely. However, data regarding English education and ECA has been lacking. This being the case, the goal of this study was to collect socioeconomic background data such as years and hou rs of English education during interviews in six obvious TI related businesses, as well as as sess the ECA of TI employees to examine the role of ECA in obtaining better employment and inco me. Section one introduces the study. Section two offers a review of literature. In section three, the method, materials, sample, location, and limitations are given. Section four o ffers the findings, and section five concludes. In section six, suggestions and recommendations are pr esented. Results found high positive correlations in income with certain English backgro und variables. In conclusion, TI employees who have higher ECA and study more years and hours of English in school can obtain better employment and higher incomes.


A novel three phase uncontrollable rectifier three phase converter inverter is proposed, accordingly, a novel reconstruction SPWM technology that can greatly eliminate harmonics in inverter's output voltage is also presented. The performance of the new inverter source using new PWM technology is compared with the traditional inverter source by simulation and experiment. It is obvious that the new inverter source and the new PWM technology will be in wide use in the foreseeable future.


Research of remaining oil distribution law of gas cap reservoir was one of the difficulties for remaining oil distribution research.In this paper the gas cap reservoir in Block Pu53 was studied.The basic situation and the performance characteristics of reservoir development were analyzed.Based on these the numerical simulation models were established.By using Eclipse compositional simulator,research on reservoir simulation was carried out for history matching in production process,including major development index such as oil production,gas production and pressure.Good fitting accuracy was gained.The distribution law of the remaining,gas and oil is ibtainded in this reservoir,at the same time production features of such gas cap reservoir are researched by numerical simulation.


The purpose of this paper is to examine several alternative behavioral hypotheses relating to the determinants of field level exploration activity. In particular, this paper examines the intertemporal relationship between operator behavior, changes in profit expectations and the perceived field-size distribution. Alternative formulations and the duration of operator expectations are examined. The plan of the paper is as follows: First, the nature of field exploration activity is briefly described along with a formulation of field expectations. Following this, a discussion of the method of analysis and the data are provided. Empirical results and tests of alternative expectations mechanisms are then presented. The conducting section of the paper discusses the significance of the results for future reserve estimation and supply modeling efforts. 24 refs.


The invention provides an automatic test system and test method for testing surface capillary water absorption of concrete, relates to a test system and a test method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the existing test system is impracticable to ensure that the effective depth of a specimen immersed in water is always a small constant value, the water absorption mass of the specimen can not be automatically and continuously measured in real time, accidental errors caused by manual operation and the like exist, the test sensitivity is low and the precision is low. The system comprises a constant-pressure water supply unit, an electronic balance and a specimen water absorption unit. The test method comprises the following steps: 1, emptying liquid in a balanced air inlet pipe; 2, regulating height and water level of the specimen water absorption unit; and 3, acquiring mass data by using a computer. According to the invention, the effective depth of the specimen immersed in water can be ensured to be always a small constant value, real-time automatic continuous measurement can be realized, the accidental errors can be reduced, the test sensitivity is high, and the precision is high. The system and method are used in the fields of experimental study on pore structures and surface capillary water absorption of a concrete material, and physical engineering durability detection.


By spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy we have investigated the surface magnetism of ultrathin Gd(0001) films on W(110). The binding energy shift of the Gd 4f surface emission allows us to study separately the surface and the subsurface in-plane magnetization. These two components show an unexpected and distinctly different behavior over an extended temperature range. The results indicate that the in-plane ordering temperature of the surface is by 80 K higher than that of the inner layers. In correspondence to the onset of the in-plane magnetic ordering inside the film the surface magnetization shows changes which could be related to an extraordinary phase transition


Taking inspiration from the significantly superior performance of humans to extract and interpret visual information, the exploitation of biological visual mechanisms can contribute to the improvement of the performance of computational image processing systems. Computational models of visual attention have already been shown to significantly improve the speed of scene understanding by attending only the regions of interest, while distributing the resources where they are required. However, there are only few attention-based computational systems that have been used in practical applications dealing with real data and up to now, none of the computational attention models was demonstrated to work under a wide range of image content, characteristics and scales such as those encountered in satellite imaging. This paper outlines some of the difficulties that the current generation of visual attention-inspired models encounter when dealing with satellite images. It then proposes a novel algorithm for automatic image segmentation and regions of interest search that combines elements of human visual attention with Legendre moments applied on the probability density function of color histograms. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach obtains better results than one of the most evolved current computational attention model proposed in the literature.


Of the many forces acting on the growing tree, the one which exercises the greatest effect on the ultimate form of the saw mill log is wind. One of the most obvious results of the action of wind is the development of leans. This effect is such that in many regions of Australia where Monterey Pine is grown, the whole forest takes up a lean in the direction of the strong prevailing wind. The phenomenon of the leaning plantation is an important silvicultural problem and in such stands foresters are faced with the problem of protection against harmful wind effects, of which this development of leans with the associated defects of eccentricity, stimulus wood and sweeps is probably the most important. While excellent commercial results are at present being obtained from the conversion of Monterey Pine at Mt. Burr, any treatment which will reduce leans in the plantations is to be welcomed.


On the basis of presence or absence of a muscular apophysis of the basisphenoid in the floor of the recessus scalae tympani, contact of the angular bone with Mackel's cartilage, nature of the joint between the fifth and sixth cervical centra, and pygal pattern, the testudinid subfamily Emydinae as currently recognized may be divided into two subfamilies, the Batagurinae and the Emydinse. The Batagurinae are almost entirely Old-World, but have one New-World genus, Rhinoclemys (the New-World turtles generally referred to Geoemyda). The Emydinae are almost entirely New-World, with a single Old-World genus, Emys. The genus Clemmys is emydine and entirely North American: the Old-World species usually referred to Clemmys are batagurines and are here referredto two genera: Mauremys Gray for caspica, japonica and mutica [-nigrieans of most authors most of the time], and Sacalia Grey for bealei. A reclassification of the genera of Batagurinae and Emydinae is presented: the classification is based mainly on skull characters. Annamemys and Pseudocadia are considered synonyms of Mauremys mutica.


PLEASE SCROLL DOWN TO SEE THE FULL TEXT To cite this document : Israel, D., Apud, F., & Franco, N. (1985). The economics of different prawn and shrimp pond culture systems: A comparative analysis (Abstract only). In Taki Y., Primavera J. H. and Llobrera J. A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Culture of Penaeid Prawns/Shrimps, 4-7 December 1984, Iloilo City, Philippines (pp. 172-173). Iloilo City, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.


The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of the fiscal-budgetary policy on one of the most important enterprise indicators: the cash flows. The information regarding the enterprise cash flows is important in the financial decision making process, because maintaining the equilibrium of these cash flows is a condition for enterprise survival and development. For this reason, this paper analyze, from theoretic and practical point of view, the way in which the Government decisions in the fiscal-budgetary field, regarding the tax rate and subsidies level, the fiscal facilities etc., affect the enterprise variables, in this case, its cash flows. Also, in this paper we'll notice the positive and negative effects of an expansive fiscal-budgetary policy on the enterprise cash flows.


The requirement that a computing system should run continuously and persistently has never been explicitly taken into account as an essential and/or general requirement by traditional system design and development methodologies. As a result, a traditional computing system often has to stop its-running- and functioning when it needs to be maintained, upgraded, or reconfigured, it has some trouble, or it is attacked. This paper presents the author's vision of persistent computing, a new methodology and/or paradigm that aims to develop continuously dependable and dynamically adaptive reactive-systems, called "persistent computing systems", The paper presents what is a persistent computing system and why we should study persistent computing systems as continuously available, reliable, and secure systems, discusses how persistent computing systems can be constructed by soft system bus technology to satisfy their requirements, and shows some new scientific and technical challenges on persistent computing.


The ancient traditional society guarantee business of our country was greatly developed and gradually perfect in Tang Dynasty.The city community is as an important place for social politics,economy,and cultural development.In order to stabilizing the social order of the city that established a society guarantee system which was government-dominant and combined with family maintenance and civil salvage.


A geometric prequantization formula for the Poisson-Gerstenhaber bracket of forms found within the DeDonder-Weyl Hamiltonian formalism earlier is presented. The related aspects of covariant geometric quantization of field theories are sketched. In particular, the importance of the framework of Clifford and spinor bundles and superconnections in this context is underlined.


This paper aims at providing insights into the tourist movement between Turkey and Jordan. General travel motivations of tourists from both countries are identified and collaborative efforts to promote tourism movement between the two countries are discussed. The study also aims at evaluating the Turkish tourism potential for Jordanian tourist market and the Jordanian tourism potential for Turkish tourist market. One of the highlight findings of this paper is that while Turkey's share of Jordan's outbound tourism seems to increase in the coming years, Jordan's share of Turkey's outbound tourism is not expected to grow. The paper offers recommendations that can help government decision makers and tourism stakeholders in Turkey and Jordan promoting tourist movement between the two countries


Examples are provided for converting an analog signal to a digital signal by processing more than one bit per cycle in a number of successive approximation cycles. A system may include capacitive sub-DAC circuits and comparators. Switches may isolate the capacitive sub-DAC circuits during one or more first cycles, and merge the sub-DAC circuits during one or more last cycles. A successive approximation register (SAR) may generate digital output signals or DAC digital signals. In another example, a system may include a DAC circuit. An input capacitor may be pre-charged to at least one of an analog input signal and a DAC analog signal. A programmable gain amplifier may amplify an error signal. A multi-bit ADC may convert the amplified error signal to a multi-bit digital signal. An SAR may use the multi-bit digital signal to generate a DAC digital signal or a digital output signal.


Amoebic dysentery is an infection of the gastrointestinal tract caused by the parasitic Entamoeba histolytica, the most invasive type of Entamoeba species. Tropical and sub-tropical developing countries like South Africa, West Africa, Central America, South America, India, Pakistan and Mexico have high rate of incidence where it is a serious health threat. Commonly it affects young to middle-aged adults but the most affected age groups are of infants. Among the infected ones 90% does not produce any symptoms and are therefore asymptomatic but the remaining 10% produces a spectrum varying from dysentery (inflammation of the intestine i.e. large intestine characterized by the presence of blood and mucus in their faeces) to amoebic liver abscess. This study was conducted in Satellite town (an area in Quetta city) and stool samples of 100 patients were collected from a nearby hospital (Saiban family hospital) in this particular area. The patients within age group between 2 to 6 years were examined for E. histolytica cysts presence using iodine solution as the basic diagnostic technique. Parameters like gender, haeme positive stool, blood group, BMI and age were determined for the examined patients. Besides that a questionnaire was also designed consisting of simple questions related to the disease to know more about its occurrence. The results obtained from this analytical study revealed that the incidence of childhood dysentery is relatively high in this area indicating that the parasite is more prevalent in male (77%) children within the age group of 2-5 as compared to in females. The high rate of incidence of this parasite could be due to low immunity level of the hosts caused as a result of malnourished status, poor personal hygiene and inadequate sanitary conditions. Contaminated water supply also contributes to this high rate.


In the last decade, there are strong indications of an expansion in shadow economic activities in the Netherlands Antilles, which is caused by the high tax burden and high unemployment. This paper attempts to measure the size of the shadow economy of the Netherlands Antilles using two distinct estimation methods: the direct and indirect approach. Both methods produced similar results, showing the size of the shadow economy of the Netherlands Antilles to be approximately 11% of GDP. JEL Classification Numbers: E26, H26, I3, J21, and O54


Objective: To study mast cell function and observe heterozyme distribution and its ultrastructure in secretory granule of mast cell.Methods: Using doubling immuno-colloidal gold labeling of anti-tryptase(AA5)and anti-chymase(CC4),the ultrastructure of secretory granule in mast cell was observed by transmission electron microscope.Results: Secretory granule in mast cell included rich tryptase and(or)chymase.Many apoenzymes showed exiguous globular structure.Secretory granules fused to form secretory channel in cell membrane.Degranulation of mast cell could be shown near outer cell membrane.Another lateral secretory granules displayed sphere vesicle in cell.Conclusion: Apoenzyme enriching in mast cell can offer material basis for mast cell taking part in allergic reaction of Ⅰ type.


Complete catalytic oxidation of methane in the presence of steam at low temperatures (T < 400 °C) is a crucial reaction for emission control, yet it presents profound challenges. The activation of the strong C–H bond of methane at low temperature is difficult, and the water present in any realistic application poisons the active surface and promotes sintering of Pd particles during the reaction. Finding materials that can deliver high reaction rates while being more resistant to the presence of water is imperative for advancing several technological applications of natural gas-based systems. However, methods to fairly compare the activity of Pd catalysts (the most active metal for methane combustion) are needed in order to perform useful structure–property relationship studies. Here, we report a method to study how zeolite hydrophobicity affects the activity of Pd nanoparticles in the reaction, which led to a significant improvement in the water resistance. Mesoporous zeolites were synthesized starting fr...


This paper investigates the stochastic finite-time stabilization and control problem for one family of linear discrete-time systems over networks with packet loss, parametric uncertainties, and time-varying norm-bounded disturbance. Firstly, the dynamic model description studied is given, which, if the packet dropout is assumed to be a discrete-time homogenous Markov process, the class of discrete-time linear systems with packet loss can be regarded as Markovian jump systems. Based on Lyapunov function approach, sufficient conditions are established for the resulting closed-loop discrete-time system with Markovian jumps to be stochastic finite-time boundedness and then state feedback controllers are designed to guarantee stochastic finite-time stabilization of the class of stochastic systems. The stochastic finite-time boundedness criteria can be tackled in the form of linear matrix inequalities with a fixed parameter. As an auxiliary result, we also give sufficient conditions on the robust stochastic stabilization of the class of linear systems with packet loss. Finally, simulation examples are presented to illustrate the validity of the developed scheme.


Scanning transmission electron tomography is often used to reveal the internal structure of material samples. In this technique, a tilt series of tomographic projections is reconstructed to obtain volumetric information. The reconstructed scene is then segmented into regions with homogeneous properties to localize and quantify various material elements. Unfortunately, physical constraints limit the extent of the projection tilt series, leading to artifacts in the reconstructed volume, which can make subsequent segmentation difficult. In this work we use a different, discrete tomography, approach wherein we directly reconstruct only a limited and discrete set of pixel amplitudes, effectively performing the reconstruction and segmentation in a joint fashion. Unlike existing methods, the approach is based on direct formulation of the problem in the discrete domain. Solution of the subsequent challenging optimization problem is achieved through the iterative use of graph-cut methods applied to a physically motivated surrogate cost function. We show reconstruction results using synthetic phantom images for limited angle scenarios and compare them to conventional reconstruction techniques.


This is the first part of the article we promised at the end of [FOOO13, Section 1]. We discuss the foundation of the virtual fundamental chain and cycle technique, especially its version appeared in [FOn] and also in [FOOO4, Section A1, Section 7.5], [FOOO7, Section 12], [Fu2]. In Part 1, we focus on the construction of the virtual fundamental chain on a single space with Kuranishi structure. We mainly discuss the de Rham version and so work over $\mathbb R$-coefficients, but we also include a self-contained account of the way how to work over $\mathbb Q$-coefficients in case the dimension of the space with Kuranishi structure is $\le 1$.
Part 1 of this document is independent of our earlier writing [FOOO13]. We also do not assume the reader have any knowledge on the pseudo-holomorphic curve, in Part 1.
Part 2 (resp. Part 3), which will appear in the near future, discusses the case of a system of Kuranishi structures and its simultaneous perturbations (resp. the way to implement the abstract story in the study of moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic curves).


Case report A 19-year·old girl presented with an 8-day history of left upper quadrant (LUQ) abdominal and back pain. She was not shocked but had a palpable mass in the LUQ. Haemoglobin was 10 gldl and the renal glomerular filtration rate was reduced. An intravenous urogram showed the left kidney to be surrounded by a soft tissue mass. Both ultrasound and CT scans were suggestive of haematoma. Renal angiography (Figure 1) showed a large aneurysm in the middle of the left hilum and several similar peripheral lesions. The diagnosis was a perinephric haematoma resulting from a vascular anomaly of the left kidney. Initial conservative management resulted in symptomatic improvement. A CT scan taken a year later, however, showed that the haernatoma had enlarged, and nephrectomy was advised.


were compared to those found in 7 controls investigated in basal conditions. Calcium homeostasis was evaluated in 9 haemochromatic patients (group III) and in 10 controls using the following parameters : (i) fractional intestinal absorption of calcium (FA Ca, p. 100 TD) ; (ii) bone mineral content (BMC, Mg/ CM 2) ; (iii) plasma 25-OH vitamin D content (25-OH-D, ng/mi). Results. The basal FA Fe significantly increased in haemochromatic patients as compared with the control subjects. In group I, pectin produced a significant decline in FA Fe (25.5 =I:: 5.0 vs 47.6 ! 9.2 in basal conditions : P < 0.02). On the contrary, cellulose has no significant effect on FA Fe. In group III, FA Ca (P < 0.02), BMC (P < 0.05) and 25-OH-D (P < 0.01) significantly dropped as compared with the controls. The present results suggested that fiber-supplemented diets might be useful in the management of haemochromatosis. Furthermore, the osteopenia of haemochromatosis seemed to be due to a deficiency in 25-OH cholecalciferol production. Therefore, a supplement of the latter might be useful in preventing bone mass rarefaction.


This article deals with methods of ensuring the protection of personal data through the use of the process of anonymisation, as well as with the definition of the process of data anonymisation as a strategy for preserving basic information from the full set of personal data and mitigating possible risks that need to be taken into account in the use of data anonymisation methods.


The hydrogenation process of switchable mirrors using magnesium-nickel alloy thin films including a thin palladium cap layer was analyzed by measuring the variation in ellipsometric angles Ψ and Δ using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. The process was divided into three phases and each phase was identified as follows. The first phase was the process in which the solid solution was formed because a Mg–Ni alloy in its metal state absorbs hydrogen. The second phase was the hydrogenation processes of the solid solution and the metal Pd layers. The third phase was the hydrogenation process of residual metal Pd in the Pd layer. In the initial state of the second phase, a hydride of the alloy was nucleated at the film/substrate interface as a result of hydrogenation of the solid solution, and a mixture layer of the hydride and solution was formed. With proceeding hydrogenation, the thickness of the mixture layer increased and the homogenous hydride layer was afterwards formed at the film/substrate interface. ...


Reactivation of passive avoidance information just prior to active avoidance learning resulted in significant decrements in retention of active avoidance by rats. Furthermore, the amount of retention decrement increased as the retention interval following active avoidance training was lengthened. Contrary to previous findings, these data suggest that for proactive interference to occur, an animal need not acquire two, conflicting responses within a short temporal interval.


This study aims to promote a reflective analysis about the action planning structure in the marketing context. The work was structured in the form of essay and presents the theoretical aspects about the Marketing Planning. The intention of the article is to provide critical insights into the needs of planning marketing activities. For this purpose the document is organized as of an introduction that contextualizes the subject, accompanied by a critical analysis. Finally, the final considerations are placed in distinction.


Significance
 This provides a 25-year debt servicing schedule, but leaves suppliers with unpaid public service contracts as the main losers. Puerto Rico's finances will be under renewed scrutiny this week as the US House of Representatives holds hearings on two different bills that would offer a path to statehood.

 Impacts
 After a period of deep uncertainty, the debt settlement should help near-term business confidence rebound.
 Washington's interest is linked to next year's congressional elections, as Puerto Rico's future is a political issue in Florida.
 The island's infrastructure has suffered heavy damage recently, but the debt settlement should provide a framework for recovery.


In this paper, the author reflects on the reverberations of her intergenerational history of trauma and immigration that arose in response to the current political climate. She offers two clinical vignettes in which politics permeated the consulting room in ways that both collided with and contributed to her consideration of her own commitment to political engagement. The first involves a patient in a clandestine romantic relationship with a Muslim man, who asserts her plan to vote for Trump. The second is a college history professor who copes with his feelings of hopelessness and despair by teaching his students about the dangers of nationalism and xenophobia.


Aesop's fables was not only an enlightenment teaching material to instill the concept of good and evilto the readers, but also an education book of life, "the questioning words of vegetations and animals " in the bookcould reflect the truth in life through short allegorical story. Lin shu intended to translate this meaningful allegorythrough the method of the article layout so as to wake up the national, furthermore, the rewriting theory of Andre.Lefevere made a good explanation of this phenomenon. But there is no specialized article to study the rewritingphenomenon of Aesop's fables from the level of Lin shu's article layout. Therefore, from the level of the rewritingtheory, this paper tried to analyse how Lin shu's method of article layout embodied the poetic during the processof his translation.


A brand competition requires a company to have a good marketing strategy and an appropriate branding decision that can encourage consumers to repurchase. Experiential marketing and emotional branding are some of the factors that can influence the level of brand trust perception to improve consumer repurchase. Therefore, the company must be able to maximize the strategy of experiential marketing and emotional branding to achieve high level of brand trust perception so that repurchase consumer to service is high. This type of research is explanatory research, with data collection techniques through questionnaires and interviews. Sampling technique using purposive sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 100 respondents in Semarang City. The method used to analyze the primary data in this research is using validity test, reliability test, correlation coefficient, simple and multiple regression analysis, determination coefficient, one way test of significance (t test), and 2-stage regression with SPSS 16.0. The results showed that the partial and simultaneous influence between experiential marketing, emotional branding, and brand trust against repurchase. Based on result of regression analysis 2 stage show that brand trust is variable between to variable repurchase. Based on the results of the research, the researcher suggested that Garuda Indonesia to optimize the experiential marketing and emotional branding strategy by continuously making innovations in terms of service both pre-flight, in-flight and post flight as well as in terms of technology enjoyed by consumers. In addition, the need for consistency in maintaining the quality of services provided in accordance with the needs of consumers so that brand trust will be higher in the minds of consumers and affect the level of repurchase services.


In this paper, we present experimental results concerning (1) the study of hot electrons emerging from the rear side of a target irradiated by ultra-short laser pulses and the K α radiation related to the interaction of the hot electrons with the cold target, (2) the production of energetic electrons in laser plasma acceleration experiment and their use for photonuclear material activation.


This study aims to assess the amount of biogas and value of energy produced from animal manure in Konya province. Therefore, the potential of biogas was calculated by considering the number of cattle, broilers, and laying hens. It was calculated that a total of 5.63 million tonnes of animal manure comprising 5.25 million tonnes of cattle manure, 1.07 thousand tonnes of broiler manure, and 382.38 thousand tonnes of laying hen manure could be taken from these animals in the province. 105.67 Mm3 biogas can be produced from the available amount of this manure. It was calculated that electric energy of approximately 266.53 GWhel can be produced from this biogas. Furthermore, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction was calculated to show the environmental benefits of biogas production from animal manure. Upon benefiting from the total of the calculated biogas potential, it was determined that CO2 emission reduction ranging from 1.04–1.57 million tonnes could be provided.


Spherical tokamaks (STs) have been shown to possess properties desirable for a fusion power plant such as achieving high plasma β and having increased vertical stability. To understand the confinement properties that might be expected in the conceptual design for a high β ST fusion reactor, a 1 GW ST plasma equilibrium was analysed using local linear gyrokinetics to determine the type of micro-instabilities that arise. Kinetic ballooning modes and micro-tearing modes are found to be the dominant instabilities. The parametric dependence of these linear modes was determined and, from the insights gained, the equilibrium was tuned to find a regime marginally stable to all micro-instabilities at θ 0 = 0.0. This work identifies the most important micro-instabilities expected to generate turbulent transport in high β STs. The impact of such modes must be faithfully captured in first-principles-based reduced models of anomalous transport that are needed for predictive simulations.


Summarizes the arguments for and against the ISO 9000 standard and examines the perceived advantages and disadvantages of implementing it. Reports the results of a survey of over 100 quality managers/representatives of ISO 9000‐certified organizations in the service and manufacturing sectors of UK industry. Too many ISO 9000 surveys in the past have sought the opinions of organizational managers who have had little or no operational experience of the standard on a day‐to‐day basis. This paper aims to redress this anomaly. Survey results indicate quite conclusively that most quality professionals are content with ISO 9000's contribution to quality improvement, dismissing many of the past criticisms of the standard as inappropriate. These results can form the basis of a case for the implementation of the standard for those organisations currently trying to decide whether to implement it or not.


【Objective】To investigate the relationship between the expression of tight junction(TJ)-associated protein Occludin in the brain tissue and the permeability of the blood-brain barrier(BBB) during acetaminophen(APAP)-induced acute liver failure(ALF).【Methods】Male Balb/c mice received acetaminophen to induce ALF.We investigated the blood-brain-barrier(BBB) permeability by Evans blue staining,and the TJ structure by electron microscopy.The expression of Occludin in the brain tissue was determined by western blot.【Results】The concentration of EB in the brain tissue began to increase 2 hours(2.29±0.42 μg/g) after injection and the peak level appeared at 6 hours(3.61±0.33 μg/g).The Occludin expression in brain tissue was decreased 2 hours after injection and reached minimum at 6 hours.It can be investigated by electron microscopy that the TJ structure was damaged.【Conclusions】In APAP-induced ALF,the BBB permeability was increased,indicate the vasogenic edema mechanism is correlated with the brain edema,on the contrary the Occludin expression was decreased,suggesting that the brain edema is correlated with TJ disruption caused by the decrease of Occludin expression.


Within data science, many problems are solved using machine learning. Recently, with the introduction of deep learning, we see this trend spread out across industries of which archaeological object detection on remote sensor data is a case in point. From the known case studies, we have identified the main issues and developed improvements accordingly. The main issue of archaeological datasets is that there are only a limited number of known sites which makes the networks prone to overfit. Overfitting happens when a network is trained on too few examples and learns patterns that do not generalize well to new data. To an extent, data augmentation can be used to prevent overfitting, however, the training images would still be highly correlated. Therefore, it is argued that the most effect can be gained by limiting storage of irrelevant features in networks. This can be done by optimising network architectures and additionally by using transfer learning in which pre-trained network are used to initialise training. Regardless of pre-training on datasets without archaeological sites, its trained network can still be useful for the low-level features (including lines and edges). A downside of pre-trained networks is that they can only work with data in the same format as they had been trained with. Our main contribution is the research into including multi-sensor data. We will present approaches to train networks using images with stacks of data, apply fusion networks and by generating pre-trained networks for the available data of different sensors.


The total inclusive (p,xn) charge exchange reaction cross section on bismuth from 62 to 800 MeV was measured using activation and radiochemical techniques. These data for products with as many as 14 neutrons removed from the coherent product display the simple E/sup -1/ dependence of the total cross section with incident projectile energy. The distribution of charge exchange products is discussed in terms of quasifree processes in (p,n) reactions. A model comparison between the data and an intranuclear cascade calculation was satisfactory as evidenced by reproducing the energy dependence, cross section magnitude, and mass yields for products up to 14 neutrons removed. Better agreement between the model and data were obtained with mean-free paths of nucleons in nuclear matter twice as long as the one derived from nucleon-nucleon scattering.


Variable Size Genetic Network Programming (GNPvs) with Binomial Distribution is a new type of Genetic Network Programming, which permits the individuals with variable size and obtains the optimal size of individuals during evolution. In contrast to swapping the corresponding nodes in the crossover of Genetic Network Programming (GNP), the crossover of GNPvs moves a number of nodes from each parent individual to another parent individual. The probability of selecting the number of nodes to move satisfies the binomial distribution, which is controls by the crossover rate and the initial size of the individuals. In this paper, the performance of the algorithm and the size of the individuals are studied by changing the most important parameter, i.e., crossover rate. Since GNPvs may suffer from the bloating problem, the Island Model is introduced to control the size of the individuals implicitly. The well-known test bed Tileworld is used to show the numeric results in the simulations.


Background: Muscle relaxants are prescribed routinely for patients undergoing general anesthesia, but the requirement for paralysis in spinal surgery is unclear. This study compared the operating conditions of general anesthesia with and without a muscle relaxant on spinal surgery patients. Methods: Eighty-six adults who underwent elective spinal surgery were randomly assigned to a relaxant group (group R) or a no-relaxant group (group NR). All patients were induced with intravenous midazolam (0.05 mg/kg), fentanyl (4 µg/kg), propofol (1.0 mg/kg), and succinylcholine (2 mg/kg) and then atracurium was used in group R but not in group NR. The operating conditions, including muscle tone, body movements, airway pressure, anesthetics consumption, eye-opening time, extubation time, and the Observer's Assessment of the Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) score 20 minutes after the extubation were compared between the 2 groups. Results: The operating conditions including muscle tone scales, body movements, and airway pressure did not differ between the 2 groups. Eye-opening time (9.35±2.34 vs. 11.02±2.50 min; P=0.002) and extubation time (13.95±3.41 vs. 16.72±3.67 min; P=0.001) were shorter in group NR than in group R. The BIS score at extubation (87.2±5.0 vs. 83.3±5.7; P=0.001) and the OAA/S score 20 minutes after extubation (5 [3 to 5] vs. 4 [3 to 5]; P=0.005) were significantly higher in group NR than in group R. Propofol consumption was higher in group NR than in group R (4206.10±415.80 vs. 3900.60±365.40 &mgr;g/kg, respectively; P=0.001). Conclusions: General anesthesia without muscle relaxant provides similar working conditions to those observed with muscle relaxant, and it is associated with earlier eye opening and extubation and higher level of consciousness on emergence from spinal surgery.


Oesophageal atresia with trachea-oesophageal fistula is a rare foregut malformation that requires surgery soon after birth. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis is based on the presence of polyhydramnios, a small or non-visible fetal stomach and the blind ending oesophagus, called the upper pouch (1). Neonates present with salivation, coughing, choking and attacks of cyanosis. A diagnosis of oesophageal atresia is confirmed by inserting a nasogastric tube and a thoraco-abdominal X-ray. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


- In the recent years, net has become more and more widespread and utilized by many folks from everywhere the world. Online learning is wide acceptable. Online examination could be a basic a part of online learning. Student work and assessment is remotely submitted with none face to face interaction. Student could submit already submitted work thus originality of fabric is greatly defeated. So Student authentication in online examination is seen as a 1 of the foremost problem and challenges. This paper proposed the novel student authentication framework for on-line examination. During this paper, we have a tendency to extend the ObPwd theme with a brand new object primarily based password theme that performs majority of the computation at the server facet. This paper basically discusses 2 frameworks for object password schemes, an object hash-based theme (where the shopper machine computes the hash of the object to be used as text password) and an object-based theme (where the thing is directly transmitted to the server as password). We conjointly evaluate the performance of both the thing password schemes against standard text-based password schemes using prototypes of every of the frameworks. Implications with relevancy simple use, sharing and security also are mentioned.


Evolution of collimated plasma jets and ion acceleration from micron to sub-micron thickness foils following the interaction of ultra intense (up to 3 ×10 W/cm) laser pulses is investigated. We characterized the correlation between laser intensity and target areal density for the formation of a supersonic dense plasma jet. With the maximum achievable intensity on target, jets with Mach number up to 10 have been observed from few microns thick Cu foils expanding longitudinally with a speed of 2×10 m/s. With circular polarization, the uniformity of jet density profile has improved significantly as compared to the jets observed from interaction of a linearly polarized laser. While the moderate energy (KeV) overdense plasma jets are formed efficiently for micron thickness target irradiated at 10 W/cm intensity, decreasing the target areal density or increasing irradiance on target leads to so-called light-sail RPA [1] regime in which the ions, independent of their charge to mass ratio, are accelerated to tens of MeV/nucleon


There has been a conflict of perceptions on heritage values. This has stalled the development of some natural heritage resources in parts of Africa. This study argues that the host perception is paramount in the responsive development of heritage resources within their localities. However, this study investigated the values of undeveloped natural heritage resources in Abia State, Nigeria, from a rural gaze and narratives. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions and detailed observation were employed for the study. Findings showed that these natural heritage resources have domestic, agricultural, leisure and protective values according to the host, who also supports possible development programmes for these resources. This has posited rural gaze and narrative as focal in understanding the values of undeveloped heritage resources. The study further proposed the concept of the Rural Heritage Approach (RHA). This concept is focused on a prior understanding of the peculiar nature of heritage values in traditional African societies through rural gaze and narratives before development initiatives. This study has implications for responsible rural tourism development in most African communities.


Android OS is today one of the most widespread used OS on mobile and tablet devices. The reason why there is an interest in writing about this topic is not only because more and more people replace work on computers and laptops to mobile devices and tablets, it is because in the latest version of the Android OS are implemented innovative and fresh solutions that allow the user simpler and faster work, better energy, time savings and less invested money. This work presents new approaches and opportunities currently on the latest version of Android 4.4. KitKat API, which has not been so widespread on the market due limited availability on certain mobile devices and tablets. Bigger emphasis is placed on the application of techniques and technologies that are closely related to cloud computing. Some of these innovations in KitKat include integrated option to print the content on the screen using printer devices, saving energy with using motion sensors, a new approach in the organization of memory and storage tank, performing those activities in the background of the OS, the minimum possibility of demolition applications and so on.


Introduction: Intussusception is rare in adults, and is characterized by intermittent abdominal pain. Case report: A 50-year-old female with a diagnosis of rectal cancer who underwent an ultra-low anterior resection and colo-rectum anastomosis with Brooke-type ileostomy. In the postoperative period, she presented nonspecific abdominal pain, with functional ileostomy without alterations; after adjuvant treatment, restitution of intestinal transit was performed, finding an intussusception in the ileal stump. Discussion and review of the literature: Intussusception of the ileal stump is a very rare event with no reports of similar events in the literature.


Abstract Concurrent Engineering Management is an engineering management philosophy for simultaneously addressing both the engineering as well as the operational management aspects of the product design process. In this paper, our focus is on the operational aspects of the Concurrent Engineering Management. For this purpose a quantitative decision making model is developed to manage both the cost and the schedule during the product development process. The proposed model is a fixed charge problem which is solved by a mixed integer programming algorithm. Furthermore, an example as well as a linear programming version of the model are presented.


With urban design, it is becoming increasingly important to both visualise spatial changes and quantify the effect of these changes on the local microclimate: the former often for public consultation and the latter to develop landscapes that provide resilience to warmer weather thus reducing the urban heat island effect. It is possible to automatically construct 3D landscape models from vector site plans and height data sources through procedural generation. However, the generation of the inputs for microclimate models remains a time consuming process even though 3D visualisations or site plans may already exist. In this paper, a method to link procedurally generated 3D landscape models to microclimate simulations is demonstrated. Using this method, a case study is presented that allows initial calibration of the model and then several distinct alterations in the base design are tested alongside the variation in weather conditions looking forward to 2080. Finally, graphics card shaders are used to incorporate the temperature data within the interactive 3D procedural models, allowing both real-time manipulation of view point and simulation time.


Natural speech is full of starts and stops. Here, we studied the neural mechanisms that underlie the inhibitory control of speech, specifically the ability to stop speaking on demand. We recorded direct cortical activity while participants made continuous speech production and were given a visual cue to stop speaking. Neural recordings revealed activity in the premotor frontal cortex associated with speech stopping. Cortical sites showing stop activity were largely distinct from sites involved in active speech production or, more specifically, encoding articulatory movements. Electrocortical stimulation mapping at many premotor sites with stop activity caused involuntary speech arrest, an immediate inability to speak or vocalize. Furthermore, many speech arrest sites did not co-localize with neural activity correlating with speech motor planning or execution, contrary to this long-assumed function in clinical brain mapping. Together, these results suggest a previously unknown premotor cortical network that underlies the inhibitory control of speech, which has significant implications for understanding the dynamics of normal and altered speech production, as well as clinical brain mapping.


The utility model relates to the field of steel structure mounting, and particularly to an integral jacking difference measuring device for a large-area web frame. The integral jacking difference measuring device for the large-area web frame is characterized in that: the integral jacking difference measuring device comprises a base, a supporting post, a horizontal mark post, a measuring tape and a measuring tape bracket; the supporting post is vertically fixed on the base; the horizontal mark post is slidably connected with the supporting post vertically; the measuring tape bracket is fixed on the base; the measuring tape is vertically arranged in the measuring tape bracket and is in pin joint with the measuring tape bracket. According to the integral jacking difference measuring device for the large-area web frame, high convenience in scale reading is obtained. A plurality of devices are configured for connecting with frustums of the web frame, and the data of each frustums of the web frame in jacking can be acquired at any time. Therefore, high jacking height synchronism in web frame jacking operation is ensured.


Conclusion: Our study showed that there was no correlation between the clinical condition of patients and their follow-up imaging in the context of PVO. Clinical and biological evaluation seems sufficient to determine whether or not the patient is cured. Many images are made during the follow-up with a questionable cost/effectiveness ratio. A standard radio-graph may be sufficient to provide a basic structural condition at the end of antibiotic therapy. Disclosure of Interests: None declared


This brief reviews high-voltage pulsers for ultrasound imaging systems with a focus on energy efficiency. Most ultrasound imaging systems have been developed with the aim of achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio for good image quality. As miniaturization and portability of the systems are pursued recently, high energy efficiency is of great need. In the ultrasonic imaging systems, the most power-hungry block is typically the pulser that drives the ultrasound transducer at a high voltage. To better understand the pulser's operation and power consumption, an equivalent circuit model of the transducer is introduced. Based on the model, we investigate the fundamentals of pulser driving methods and review the conventional class-D pulser as well as state-of-the-art pulsers with dynamic power loss reduction techniques. Their operation principles, strengths, and limitations are analyzed and discussed in depth.


Growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) are a generic term to describe compounds that increase growth hormone (GH) release. GHSs include agonists of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS‐R), whose natural ligand is ghrelin, and agonists of the growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor, to which the GHRH binds as a native ligand. Several GHSs have been developed with a view to treating or diagnosing of GH deficiency, which causes growth retardation, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and altered body composition, in parallel with extensive research to identify GHRH, GHS‐R, and ghrelin. This review will focus on the research history and the pharmacology of each GHS, which reached randomized clinical trials. Furthermore, we will highlight the publicly disclosed clinical trials regarding GHSs.


A musical motif represents a sequence of musical notes that can determine the identity of a composer or a music style. Musical motifs extraction is of great interest to musicologists to make critical studies of music scores. Musical motifs extraction can be solved by using a string mining algorithm when music data is represented as a sequence. When music data is initially produced in XML or MIDI format or can be converted into those standards, it can be automatically represented as a sequence of notes. So, in this work, starting from digitized images of music scores, our objective is twofold: first, we design a system able to generate musical sequences from handwritten music scores. To address this issue, one of the segmentation-free R-CNN models trained on musical data have been used to detect and recognize musical primitives that are next transcribed into XML sequences. Then, the sequences are processed by a computational model of musical motifs extraction algorithm called CSMA (Constrained String Mining Algorithm). The consistency and performances of the framework are then discussed according to the efficiency of the R-CNN ( Region-proposal Convolutional Neural Network) based recognition system through the estimation of misclassified primitives relating to the detailed account of detected motifs. The carried-out experiments of our complete pipeline show that it is consistent to find more than 70% of motifs with less than 20% of average detection/classification R-CNN errors


This article deals with issues regarding school routine in which interpersonal relationships can help us understand the process of socialization and healthy living that are undertaken among students and other actors. Describes proactive practices that support relational and restorative pedagogy in schools in four important pillars: communication, cooperation, positivity and care needs.


Abstract to be added at end of embargo:
This thesis is concerned with the development and study of a pattern recognition system for siphon and sewer condition/defect analysis based on acoustic characteristics. Pattern recognition has been studied and used widely in many fields including: identification and authentication; medical diagnosis and musical modelling. Audio based classification and research has been mainly focusing on speech recognition and music retrieval, but few applications have attempted to use acoustic characteristics for underground pipe condition classification. Traditional CCTV inspection methods are relatively expensive and subjective so remote techniques have been developed to overcome this concern and increase the inspection efficiency. The acoustic environment provides a rich source of information about the
internal conditions of a pipe. This thesis reports on a classification system based on measuring the direct and reflected acoustic signals and describing the energy spectrum for each condition/pipe defect. A K-nearest neighbour classifier (KNN) and Support vector machines (SVMs) classifier have been adopted to train the classification system to identify sediment and pipe surface defects by comparing the measured acoustic signals with a database containing a range of typical conditions. Laboratory generated data and field collected data were used to train the proposed system and evaluate its ability. The overall accuracy of the system recognizing blockage and structural aspects in each of the series of experiments varies between 70% and 95%.


This study deals with the braided composite cylinder and its mechanical properties. The braided composites are fabricated from glass fiber under various braiding angle and epoxy resin.The lateral compressive tests are carried out in order to specify the mechanical properties of braided composites. The theoretical prediction of the braided composite cylinders is performed by using the curved beam theorem. The following results are obtained.1) The braided construction can be fabricated by using the braiding machine with simple mechanism.2) The braiding angle has considerable effects on the flexibility of the cylinders under lateral compressive load.3) The theoretical prediction using the curved beam theory is in agreement with the experimental result.


There is general agreement that in non-human primates, the emotional state of a caller is reflected in the vocal structure. But only few studies describe call features characterizing such correlates. This is mainly due to the fact that it is difficult to identify the emotional state of a caller. In the present study, we analysed calls from a study (Jurgens, 1979) in which squirrel monkeys had been given the opportunity to control vocalization-eliciting brain stimulation. In this way, the aversive or hedonistic quality of the emotional state underlying the production of specific calls could be determined. 758 of the recorded calls, representing 8 different call types, given by 25 subjects, were analysed in order to find out whether differences in the degree of aversion are reflected by specific acoustic parameters. It was found that an increase in aversion is parallelled, depending upon the call type, by an upward shift of maximal energy in the power spectrum, an increase in frequency range and/or an increase in the ratio of nonharmonic to harmonic energy.


Traditional Chinese medicine treatment is the key to restore the balance of Yin and Yang through gasification. So it is important to discuss the mode of gasificaiton of Qi and Chinese medicine and their relationship in the machanism of the Chinese medicine for diseases. Life is a mode of Qi and Qi movement and gasificaiton make people alive. The Chinese medicine works on the Qi gasification to balance the Yin and Yang to keep the peace inner and outsides.

Key words:
Qi Transformation (TCM); Natural Harmony of Yin-Yang; Mechanism


Objective:To explore the clinical effect of extraperitoneal sigmoidostomy in laparoscopic Miles operation.Methods:60 cases with low rectal and anus carcinoma who underwent laparoscopic Miles operation were divided into two groups.The experimental group(30 cases) received extraperitoneal sigmoidostomy while the control group(30 cases) received traditional intraperitoneal procedure.Postoperative complications caused by sigmoidostomy and defecation function in these two groups were compared.All cases were followed up for 2-38 months(mean 22.4 months).Results:In experimental group,only 1 patient suffered from sigmoidostomic stenosis.The incidence rate of complications caused by sigmoidostomy was 3.3% and 26 patients(86.7%) got feel of defecation.In control group,the incidence rate of complications caused by sigmoidostomy was much higher(20.0%) and only 8 patients(26.7%) got feel of defecation.The posterior complications included 1 case of sigmoidostomic stenosis,1 sigmoidostomic retraction,1 sigmoidostomic incisional hernia,2 colon prolapse,1 abdominal internal hernia.There was significant difference on the two aspects between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusions:The extraperitoneal sigmoidostomy has the advantages of less complications and better defecation functions.This operation should be applied widely in clinical practice.


Based on the different type throttling orifices in nuclear power plant,the calculating method for pressure loss was studied.Furthermore,a calculating code for pressure loss was developed.Using this calculating code,the pressure loss of the throttling orifices can be calculated quickly and accurately,and that is significant for selecting orifice and carrying out system test.


In this paper, we prove the existence of an entropy solution to unilateral problems associated to the equations of the type: Au +H(x;u;ru) div (u) = 2 L 1 ()


Quality measurement in home healthcare and hospice is evolving quickly as our healthcare system reorients toward value. The Triple Aim serves as the national framework for value: better care, better health, and lower cost. On January 26, 2015, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) set goals for more aggressively shifting the Medicare program from a volume-based to a value-based payer. It seeks to align 85% of Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) payments to performance by the end of 2016, reaching 90% by 2018. It also intends to transition at least 30% of all FFS payments to alternative payment models, such as shared savings and bundles, by the end of 2016, reaching 50% by the end of 2018 (HHS, 2015). HHS has asked state Medicaid programs, commercial insurers, and other payers to align their targets for value-based payment with the Medicare Program. These are ambitious goals, and you may be asking what this means to home healthcare and hospice providers. Performance measurement for home healthcare agencies and hospices is underdeveloped. Home healthcare agencies report on 27 process, outcome, utilization, and patient experience of care measures. These measures are posted publically on the Home Health Compare Web site. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) also collects data for riskadjusted measures related to 11 potentially avoidable events.


Vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) can always perform single longitudinal mode operation. However, in VCSELs, when the emission aperture becomes large, single transverse mode operation will be challenged. In this paper, we have discussed the VCSEL designs to achieve single transverse mode operation. Scalar transfer matrix method analysis has been used to analysis of antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROW) VCSEL.


Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) practice may have both positive and negative impacts on quality of life (QOL) of children with AAC as well as their entire family. Thirteen studies were reviewed to analyze family outcomes and perspectives on AAC practice by using a family quality of life (FQOL) framework comprised of five empirically derived domains in order to identify issues that families perceive as important to their lives. The impact of current AAC practices encompasses all five domains: Family interaction, parenting, physical/ material well-being, disability-related support, and emotional well-being. Implications are drawn for practitioners and researchers for AAC practices that impact positive FQOL outcomes.


Nowadays, Cloud computing environment attracts many application developers to deploy their Web applications on cloud data centers. However, the Web applications workload continuously fluctuates depending on the user behavior, so it very hard to predict. Predicting future request workload is very important because it can help Cloud service providers automatically adjust resources online to maintain the Service Level Agreement (SLA). This paper proposes a Web application load prediction model by using Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to forecast request workload in the future. The model uses a special type of RNN called Bi-directional Long Short-term Memory Network (Bi-LSTM). The experiment result is evaluated with real workload history from World Cup 1998 Website. Results show that our proposed model can improve around 50% prediction accuracy compared to regular LSTM and have an acceptable prediction speed for applying to real-time circumstances like the auto-scaling system.


Jets and plumes have been the focus of quantitative investigations since the mid‐1950s. These investigations intensified following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, in which thousands of tons of oil and natural gas were released into the Gulf of Mexico. This review focuses on plume dynamics that apply to both single‐phase and multiphase liquid‐in‐liquid and liquid plus gas into liquid plumes, including bubble and droplet formation, and heat and mass transfer. Broadly, our work highlights several previously unknown or overlooked aspects of multiphase flow in the deep oceans. Upstream of the jet release, multiphase hydraulics can significantly affect the turbulence, for instance, through churn flow that enhances the turbulence in the free jet, affecting the conditions where bubbles and droplets are formed. Droplet formation was a major focus recently, with experiments covering a range of scales and flow rates of oil and gas at low and high pressure. Detailed observations of droplet formation at the jet‐water boundary reveal the formation of compound droplets, which are emulsions of oil and water with implications for mass conservation and mass transfer. At the plume scale, integral models have been adapted to include the complex thermodynamics and chemistry of oil and gas plumes. In parallel, significant advances were made in numerical simulations of multiphase plumes through large eddy simulations by treating the oil and gas either a continuous or discrete phase. Through this work, a vivid picture of the complex droplet, chemical, and hydrodynamic behavior of multiphase plumes in the ocean is emerging.