A series of experiments was carried out on a pulse detonation rocket engine (PDRE) running on a liquid kerosene-oxygen mixture to investigate the indirect detonation initiation. The experiments investigating the effect of Shchelkin spiral on the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) process demonstrated that all spirals were able to enhance flame acceleration to some extent, but successful DDT was achieved only when the length of spiral was increased to six times of the inner diameter of detonation tube (6D). For the model with the spiral length of 6D, the DDT run-up distance was about 0.5 m (10D) and the sum of ignition delay and DDT run-up time was around 0.6 ms, which only occupied 0.6% of the whole cycle (100 ms). It implied that ignition delay and DDT run-up time were not the key factors of limiting the increase of frequency in a kerosene/oxygen PDRE. In addition, an experiment on detonation initiation by a flame jet through an orifice plate was successfully conducted on the multi-cycle PDRE. For detonation tubes with the orifice plate mounted 10 cm and 20 cm away from the thrust wall, the DDT run-up distance obtained was approximately 0.30 m (6D) and 0.2 m (4D). Compared with the spiral configuration, the DDT run-up distance was shortened by 40% and 60% in the two cases, respectively. The results implied that a rapid initiation of detonation could be achieved in a shorter distance with the approach of the flame jet ignition.


Efficient spectrum planning requires models to account for the effects of the atmosphere and terrain on radio systems. One requirement is for statistical models based on as few, readily available, parameters as possible; these tend to be empirical or semi-empirical in nature. A second type of requirement is the modelling of the performance of a specific communication or radar system; real-time forecasts are of particular interest to military users. This requires more accurate propagation models and more detailed environmental information than the statistical approach. RAL have developed several numerical propagation models that account for the effects of the atmosphere and terrain on radio systems at frequencies from VHF to millimetric. Some of these are discussed. As well as being useful simulation and forecasting tools, the models have provided insight into the propagation mechanisms and can be a basis for improved statistical models. >


We develop a cost-effective and highly reproducible method for manufacturing large-area dielectric metasurfaces. A high-performance silicon metasurface for generating cylindrical polarized vector beam is demonstrated as an example.


The 10-parametric Galilei group is extended to a 13-parametric group, which is used to derive the nonrelativistic equations of ideal operation of a strapdown inertial navigation system with a gravitational variometer. In the relativistic setting of the inertial navigation problem, one has to extend the 10-parametric Poincare group to the 15-parametric conformal group. We present the determining relations of the conformal group and derive the relativistic equations of inertial navigation.


Background: In the MONARCH 3 trial, abemaciclib plus an aromatase inhibitor (AI) significantly improved progression free survival and overall response rate with a generally tolerable safety profile compared to placebo plus AI. Here we report patient-reported outcomes (PRO) including health-related quality of life (Qol), functioning, and symptoms. Methods: MONARCH 3 was a double-blind, randomized phase III study of abemaciclib or placebo plus an AI in 493 post-menopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer with no prior systemic therapy in the advanced setting. Two European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaires were included: Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-Core 30 (C30) and the EORTC QLQ-Breast 23 (BR23) that were assessed at baseline, every 2 cycles through cycle 19, then every 3 cycles until treatment discontinuation, and at short-term follow up. Higher scores on functional and health status/QoL outcomes indicate higher/better levels of functioning or health; conversely higher scores on symptom outcomes indicate higher/worse levels of symptom burden. Between-arm comparisons of change from baseline were conducted using mixed model methods. Statistical significance was set at 0.05 and clinical meaningfulness was set at ≥10 points on a 0-100 scale1. Results: PRO completion rates were >91% through cycle 19; duration of treatment was longer for abemaciclib plus AI patients (median number of cycles 19 vs.15). Compared to the placebo arm, diarrhea PRO scores in the abemaciclib arm showed a clinically (18.68 points) and statistically significant (p Conclusions: The addition of abemaciclib to an AI resulted in clinically and statistically significant changes in diarrhea without clinically meaningful differences in other symptom scores. Increased GI-related symptoms were consistent with the manageable, reversible AE profile; the highest symptom burden was reported during early visits. No clinically meaningful differences in global health status or functional scores were observed. ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02246621 Reference: 1. Osoba D et al. J Clin Oncol 2002;20(14):3106-13. Citation Format: Goetz MP, Johnston S, Martin M, Tokunaga E, Park IH, Huober J, Toi M, Price GL, Boye M, Li L, Forrester T, Gainford C, Gable J, Carter GC, Sood A, DiLeo A. Health-related quality of life in MONARCH 3: Abemaciclib plus an aromatase inhibitor as initial therapy in women with HR+, HER2- advanced breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-16-01.


The domestication and foreignization were proposed by an Italian-American translation theorist Lawrence Venuti in The Translator's Invisibility – A History of Translation in 1995. He advocated resistance translation and opposed the invisibility of translators and the translation strategies he posed played a positive role in cross-cultural communication. This paper will review the formation and development process of Venuti's translation theory and analyze the differences and limitations between domestication and foreignization as well as the application of the two strategies in literary translation, hoping can provide some reference for literary translation.


A mathematical model for an autothermal reforming (ATR) fuel processor has been developed to study the transient response of the reactor for gasoline reforming. The model was developed with experimental data from temperature profiles along the reactor and product composition (CO2, CO, and H2 formation). Model versus experiment results were compared for three cases:  partial oxidation, ATR using steam injection, and ATR using liquid water spray. In addition to analysis capabilities, the developed model is intended to help in the design of a feedback controller aimed at improving the dynamic response time of the system.


This . work . summarizes . the . main . research . lines . of . our . group . at . the . University . of . Zurich . . Over . the . past . four . years . we . have . aimed . to . exploit . the . synergy . between . new . methodology . developments . based . on . late . transition . metals . and . their . application . into . the . synthesis . of . complex . organic . molecules . with . potential . biological . activities .


In crafting their definition of a stakeholder , Post, Preston and Sachs (PPS) paraphrase what they call "Freeman's loose statement" that a "stakeholder in an organization is (by definition) any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the activities of an organization (p.18 PPS)." Mapping this definition of a stakeholder onto a quotation plucked from the OECD, PPS go on to characterize Freeman's definition as "absurdity (p.19)," because it includes an organization's competitors as stakeholders. PPS defend this "narrowing" of the definition of a stakeholder with the assertion that competitors interests are "directly opposed" to those of the focal corporation. Because I agree that, "…stakeholder management is necessarily an ongoing process, flexible and situation specific (p.26 PPS)", I take issue with the omission of competitors from stakeholder evaluation. In this short paper I will offer six good reasons why the competition should always be on the stakeholder map.


Hans-Werner Sinn has a reputation as a disputatious German economist renowned for his blunt statements on key economic issues of the day (such as German unification, foreign trade surpluses, or the Euro crisis), frequently opposing the political mainstream. Although he has always been interested in environmental economics, he only became active in assessing international and national climate policies in the late 2000s. His book Das Grüne Paradoxon (Sinn, 2008) triggered an intense debate in Germany about the right way to engage in GHG emissions mitigation policy. Given that Sinn is not a climate sceptic, his theses on the inappropriateness of emissions mitigation policies for consumers of fossil fuels attracted considerable attention. An expanded and updated edition is now available in English. This will certainly move the German debate on the Green Paradox to an international level. Only a third of the book actually deals with the issues of a green paradox, and digressions dilute the power of Sinn's arguments. The lengthy chapters on climate change, energy policy, and biofuels should have been significantly shortened and more space devoted to exploring the main idea. The key thesis of Sinn's book is simple: all demandside emissions mitigation policies are bound to fail because owners of fossil fuel resources will accelerate fuel extraction in a way that will cause total GHG emissions to increase compared to the situation without the mitigation policy. The only way to prevent this undesirable situation is the immediate introduction of a global cap-and-trade system. If this is not possible – and Sinn presents all the economists' arguments from game theory that support the argument that a global cap is utopian – then the only alternative is to introduce source taxes on the capital revenues of invested 'petrodollars'. Sinn argues that this would be the only way to slow down fossil fuel extraction, as it would then become less attractive to sell fuel and reinvest the revenues. Moreover, it is suggested that the West should refrain from interfering with the politics of fossil fuel exporters. Any perceived uncertainty for the leadership in exporting countries would lead to higher extraction rates, as the leaders cannot know whether they will be able to collect revenues from fuel sales in the future. A cynical caricature of this argument could take the form of guaranteeing the long-term survival of autocratic regimes in order to mitigate climate change. Sinn bases his argument on neoclassical intertemporal economic models, starting with the well-known 'Hotelling' rule that requires resource owners to extract fuels in a way that price increases equal the rate of return of capital. It assumes that any climate policy will lead to an expectation of future price decreases compared to the baseline price development. Thus, fuel producers would respond in the short term by increasing their production to benefit from the higher return on the capital raised from the fuel sale. The gradual introduction of carbon prices would only worsen the situation. As fuel producers come to realize that future revenues from fuel sales are likely to decrease, they will further accelerate production. Sinn only identifies two direct ways to prevent this reaction. The first would be a policy that initially introduces a very high carbon price in a big bang, then gradually reduces the carbon price over time in order to keep intact the expectation of a future increase of revenues from fuel sales. Of course, such a big bang policy is politically unacceptable, as it would lead to massive losses in capital stock. (Indeed, it is rather surprising that Sinn does not


We study whether the corporate growth opportunities result in an asymmetric effect of the corporate financial leverage and the corporate dividend policies on the value of the firms from eleven East Asian countries: Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Japan, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Taiwan. Our results corroborate the dual role of the corporate debt and the dividends. When firms lack growth opportunities, they alleviate the problem of overinvestment. But, when firms have growth opportunities, they exacerbate the problem of underinvestment. Our results also suggest that the legal and institutional environment can module this effect. Better legal protection of investors reduces the disciplinary role of financial decisions. According with the importance of capital markets, we find that debt and dividends are less influential in countries with more active capital markets. Finally, there are some firm-specific features, such as the nature of the controlling shareholders (e.g., the ownership concentration and the identity of these shareholders), which modify the relevance of debt and dividends in Asian firms.


Wastewater from metal finishing industries contains contaminants such as heavy metals, organic substances, cyanides, and suspended solids, at levels which are hazardous to the environment. One of these heavy metals pollutants generated from the industry is hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]; the pollutant of greatest concern because of its toxicity (Kirk and Othmer, 1980; and Costa and Klein, 2006). Concentrations as low as 0.5 ppm in solution and 5 ppm in soils can be toxic to plants; in contrast Cr(III) is generally only toxic to plants at very high concentrations and is necessary in animal nutrition. Chromate or Cr(VI) is 100 times more mobile and more toxic than Cr(III), (Sang et al., 2002). A number of treatment methods for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions have been reported, mainly reduction, ion exchange, electrodialysis, electrochemical precipitation, evaporation, solvent extraction, reverses osmosis, chemical precipitation and adsorption, (Patterson, 1985). One potential strategy is to use low-cost natural materials as sorbents for the contaminants of concern. Due to their low cost these materials could be disposed of directly when their sorptive capacity is exhausted rather than regenerating and reusing them (Bajpai, 2001; Matin et al., 2003; and Vikrant and Pant, 2006). Studies conducted by Schmidt, 1977 and Ellis, 1985 revealed a significant removal of water-borne heavy metals by sand filtration. These preliminary findings were later confirmed by several workers, who thoroughly investigated the adsorption of heavy metals on sand and other similar materials. Ghanayem, 1989, reported that soil and soil materials such as clay minerals could play an important role in eradicating various heavy metals. Similarly, Muhammad, et al., 1997. found that passing wastewater containing heavy metals through a slow sand filter may produce effluents complying with the world health organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water. Very high removal efficiencies of Cr (VI) were also achieved by adsorption on kaolinite and illite (Ward, 1990). The transport and mobility of hexavalent chromium in soils were found mainly to be controlled by adsorption and reduction processes. Reduction of Cr (VI) is caused by the magnetite present in the soil as concluded by (Azizian, 1993). Using iron in different states under especial techniques have been considered to reduce the content of chromium ions from industrial and wastewater effluents. Abdo et al. (1998) used scrap iron to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium with simultaneous generation of electrical energy using a divided parallel plate cell and fixed bed electrodes. It was also reported that the reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium using pure iron wire is effective in reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) under pH conditions of 2-3 as concluded by (Gould, 1982). Later, El-Shazly et al., 2005 studied the reduction of hexavalent chromium and its kinetics by using a fixed bed of scrap bearing iron spheres and they concluded that such technique reduces Cr(VI) to trivalent state successfully. Rodriguez and Martinez (2005) concluded that a high and fast reduction of hexavalent chromium from wastewaters was according to a study in a tubular electrochemical reactor utilizing the oxidation of iron to Fe(II) in acid solution to aid the overall process at different pH levels.


Visual resources collections play a vital, yet virtually invisible, role in the life of a museum. They exist to support the mission of their institution through dissemination of the accurate reproduction of works in the collection as well as being the central repository for a wide range of image collections from program documentation to reference images for teaching. This entry will primarily discuss the history, collections, organization, and professional protocols of art museum visual resources collections in the United States, realizing that the scope of collections and activities of those entrusted with them can be generalized to any cultural institution�s needs. It seeks to highlight how collections are built from various sources and the skills and knowledge a manager of those collections must possess to effectively carry out their duties. An extensive recommended reading list is included to point the reader to standard literature for a deeper understanding of important aspects of managing visual collections. An emphasis is placed on understanding issues with digital formats, since most collections are dealing with those formats, as well as film, on a regular basis


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to single-mode dispersion shifted optical fiber comprising a cladding having a given refractive index n The present invention has a refractive index profile of the fiber core, and having an outer ring having a refractive index n The present invention is a mode diameter, while maintaining a large effective area, and other transmission characteristics of known fibers, such as attenuating, to ensure better control of the wavelength value a wavelength dispersion is zero.


The article explores the conditions that fostered an unlikely convergence between James Cameron's Avatar (2009) media industry, his and his colleagues' travel and activist pursuits in Brazil, and Chinese tourist planning. Focusing on one of the film's simulated landscape markers, Cameron's collaborative composition of an audiovisual "Pandorapedia" and his documentary on his Amazonian travels, it debates how cinematic tourism assists in reconfigurations of utopian visions as tourist markers. The particular utopian icon that connected such disparate projects as those of movie making and its digital popular extensions to the generation of tourism in Chinese world heritage sites was that of the fictional "Hallelujah" or "Floating" Pandora Mountains. Highlighting meeting points between semiotechnological assemblages (world "languages," music, and visual technologies) and human artwork (acting, audiovisual creativity, and activism) it outlines how (a) postmodernist combinations of art travel and tourist commodification relocate into postnational environments but (b) do not lose their regional relevance and applicability.


Analysing the power usage of an Internet of Things (IoT) device is essential in contexts such as smart building, testbed and forensics. For example, in the smart building case, schemes have been proposed to detect and analyse the activity of electric appliances based on the total power usage. In this work, we intend to take this concept a step further and devise a method to analyse the activity of a single IoT device (mote) based on its power usage. To that end, we develop a neural network (NN) based classifier PowerShark that is capable of classifying mote activity based solely on the power usage of the mote, both in online and offline mode. PowerShark can detect radio activity, hardware, operating system (OS), and the MAC layer used. To verify the accuracy of PowerShark, we use power traces from OpenMote and Zolertia Z1 motes, with ContikiOS configured either with ContikiMAC or X-MAC. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of our proposed classifier. Specifically, PowerShark can achieve over 95% accuracy in both training and testing phases.


Pseudovolucella Shiraki, 1930 is a genus of fairly large (11–18 mm) and broadly built hoverflies, with a more or less bee-like appearance. When Shiraki described the genus in 1930 he included three species. Curran (1931) quickly to added two more, and Hull (1941, 1944) added another two species. Coe (1964) was the last author to describe a new species in the genus. So, in total eight species of Pseudovolucella have been known so far. All but one, an EastPalaearctic species, occur in the Oriental region. Coe (1964) provided a key to all seven Oriental species, but for some species he only had the opportunity to study the descriptions, which in many cases are not illustrated. Therefore it was unclear if the key contained good characters. A series of unidentified Pseudovolucella specimens from Burma and Vietnam could not be identified satisfactorily using this key. Besides, some species which had originally been described in the genus Sericomyia Meigen, 1803 actually appeared to belong in Pseudovolucella, judging from the figures in Brunetti (1908, 1923). Moreover, the key did not take into account the intraspecific sexual dimorphism in colouration which occurs in some of the species. These findings prompted us to review the species of Pseudovolucella, in order to provide clarity in their identification.


The management of ischemic stroke is currently adapted in stroke unit. IV thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy are the most effectiveness treatments. We report the case of 54-year-old patient, who was admitted in our department for sudden left hemiparesis. According to initial examination and CT-scan, he needs treatment by IV thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, but in Congo mechanical thrombectomy is not available. He has IV thrombolysis alone, without success. The control CT-scan showed malignant infarction for which thrombectomy was not indicated. The patient died 24 hours after.


The human self has been narrowly and erroneously understood in some quarters as simply purely scientific, naturalistic, individualistic, and materialistic. This understanding of the self has contributed to problems like selfishness, rugged individualism, materialism, get-rich-quick syndrome, ritual killings, genocidal wars, profiteering, and so forth. If these erroneous perceptions of the human person or self are left unchallenged, they will continue to degrade human society and dignity. This paper theorizes that the Catholic understanding of the human being as a social and communal being, thus implying solidarity, can help to recover the authentic human self. In this light, this paper uses the methods of critical analyses and hermeneutics to examine the Catholic understanding of solidarity and how it can help in retrieving the authentic human self. The paper finds that there are erroneous and narrow understandings of the human self and person. It concludes that the Catholic concept of solidarity can help to build an authentic human self and society.


Objective  To compare the impact of 1000 micrograms of self‐administered vaginal misoprostol versus self‐administered vaginal placebo on preoperative cervical ripening after pre‐treatment with estradiol vaginal tablets at home in postmenopausal women prior to day‐care operative hysteroscopy.


Questions concerning charge distribution in the neutral bis(quinone) complexes of ruthenium have prompted investigation of members of the Ru(PPh 3 ) 2 (SQ) 2 (SQ=3,5-di-tert-butylsemiquinone (DBSQ), tetrachloro-1,2-semiquinone (Cl 4 SQ)) series. Ru(PPh 3 ) 2 (DBSQ)Cl 2 has been synthesized and characterized as a precursor. Crystals of Ru(PPh 3 ) 2 (DBSQ)Cl 2 form in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /c


We outline a method of finding sinusoidal controls which assure a semi-exact path following. The method is designed primarily for non-admissible paths and controllable nonholonomic systems. The fastly oscillating sinusoidal controls generate (in approximate sense) new control variables which enable to control new directions. In this way the system becomes, approximately, fully controllable and any path can be followed with arbitrary high precision.


Non-archimedean fields with restricted analytic functions may not support a full exponential function, but they always have partial exponentials defined in convex subrings. On face of this, we study the first order theory of the class of non-archimedean ordered valued fields augmented by all restricted analytic functions and an exponential function defined in the valuation ring, which extends the restricted analytic exponential. We obtain model completeness and other desirable properties for this theory. In particular, any model embeds in a model where the partial exponential extends to a full one.


Resumen en: We propose a morphological interpretation of Agromyzidae male terminalia. We also suggest nomenclature for bodies forms in its genitalia, in order to hom...


storage materials consisting of sulfur/carbon composites or highly porous carbons are successfully synthesized from cellulose or cellulose acetate, respectively, by chemical activation with sodium thiosulfate. It is a versatile synthesis approach that allows the production of sulfur/carbon composites or porous carbons depending on the washing procedure used after the high-temperature treatment. By acid washing, sulfur/carbon composites with sulfur contents in the 62 – 74 wt% range are produced when cellulose is used as precursor. These composites show a good electrochemical performance in Li – S batteries, providing a capacity of 7.4 mAh cm (cid:1) 2 at 0.05 C and 5.5 mAh cm (cid:1) 2 at 0.2 C under high sulfur loading conditions, and still preserving 4.1 mAh cm (cid:1) 2 after more than 100 cycles. Meanwhile, by water washing, highly micro – mesoporous carbons (S BET ≥ 2500 m 2 g (cid:1) 1 ) with good electronic conductivity ( (cid:3) 5 – 6 S cm (cid:1) 1 ) are produced when cellulose acetate is used as precursor. These porous carbons exhibit high capacitance values (170 F g (cid:1) 1 at 0.2 A g (cid:1) 1 ) in an ionic liquid electrolyte, good long-term stability, and low self-discharge.


Diabetes is a health problem which requires long term care and treatment, creates problems for individuals and society because of its complications, and whose prevalence is steadily increasing. World has 386,667.28 people with diabetes (8.33%) having Turkey in upper extreme of prevalence of diabetes with 14.9%, seven percentage points higher that Italy with 7.71% of prevalence. From 1980 to 1998, the age-adjusted rate of diagnosed diabetes was similar for men and women. However, in 1999, the rate for males began to increase at a faster rate than that of females. From 1980 to 2011, the age-adjusted rate of diagnosed diabetes increased 156% (from 2.7% to 6.9%) for males and 103% (from 2.9% to 5.9%) for females. With the discovery of insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs, the life expectancy of increased, and for this reason the attitudes of diabetics towards diabetes ad their HbA1c levels have been affected as they have begun to live longer. Diabetes is a divergence from health, and it may not cause a change in an individual's attitude to diabetes in order to cope with the new situation. The purpose of diabetes management is to review the knowledge and attitudes of diabetics concerning to improve treatment compliance, and achieve glycemic control. Acta Medica Mediterranea, 2015, 31: 681


Utilization of Rainwater in the Perspective of the Koran (Study of the Koran Surah al-Anfal Verse 11 According to Buya Hamka). Rain is a form of natural balance created by Allah SWT. Without rain, the quantity of water on earth will not be sufficient for life in it.This research focuses on examining the opinion of a person that rain always causes disaster, not a blessing. Because with one of the changes in the weather that can cause disaster, it makes a person forget the favors or benefits behind something that God created, like rain. Rainwater is an abundant source of water, especially during the rainy season. Conversely, if rainwater is not managed properly, it can cause disasters, such as floods and landslides. From this background, the author raises this theme focusing on the formulation of the problem as follows. 1) Buya Hamka's interpretation of surah Al-Anfal verse 11? 2) Knowing the benefits of rain for health according to surah Al-Anfal verse 11?. This research is a library research that makes Tafsir Al-Azhar the primary source. The method in this research is to use the tahlili interpretation method. with other words in one verse or several verses. From the results of this study, the authors found that the rainwater described in the Qur'an is not just water that we usually encounter in everyday life, but also explained about rainwater that rainwater can clean oneself clean and open. Rainwater can also eliminate whispers. devil whispers. And rainwater also brings joy and freedom, the heart is strong and firm
Keywords: Rain, Benefits


In the field of transition metal cluster chemistry has attracted enormous attention over the last twenty-five years and it continuous to be a rapidly expanding area of chemical research. The great interest stems both from the considerable intellectual challenges posed at the level of pure, fundamental science and from the potential relevance to many aspects of the study of industrial catalysis. However, despite the great interest, which has been shown in the field, many of the fundamental properties of cluster are steel very poorly understood. In particular, synthesizing desired cluster, bonding theories are able to rationalize and even predict cluster geometries and the understanding of chemical properties. Transition metal borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides and fluorides are important and have practical uses, to the best of our knowledge no thorough study of 4d-metal monoborides, monocarbide, mononitride, monoxide, monofluorides, their cation and anion has been carried out so far. We have studied in the optimized geometries, lowest spin state, electron affinity, ionization potential are obtained. Muliken and natural orbital population analysis is also determined.


The non-uniformities of application of an external loading are considered in the determination of the mathematical model of a carrier system of a heavy rotary movable table, which is included in the composition of a machining center. It is shown that the application of the probability approach allows revealing padding redundancies on improving the design of a construction in matching with the determined approach.


This paper is concerned with monumental art in Slovakia before and after the fall of Communism in 1989. Generally, art in public spaces is important, because it influences the knowledge and feelings the people who use this space have about the past and the present, and thus influences the shared social construction of who we are as a social group. In this article we concentrate on the period of Communism and the formal and iconographic aspects that were essential to art at that time. We also look at the political use of art—the ways in which explicit and implicit meanings and ideas were communicated through art to the general public. We touch also on the present situation regarding the perception of "Communist art". In the final section we discuss the state of affairs of the last twenty years of chaotic freedom in the post-socialist era. On the one hand, since there is no real cultural politics or conception for artworks in public spaces at the level of the state many artworks simply disappear, often without public discussion, and on the other hand, some actors use their political power to build monuments that promote their private political views.


Amphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is the most devastating vertebrate disease on record. Reservoir hosts are likely to be important in the Bd‐amphibian system because many amphibian species can carry infections without experiencing mortality. However, while a variety of reservoirs have been proposed, few have been empirically demonstrated to act as competent reservoir hosts. In this study, we investigate whether the common eastern froglet, Crinia signifera, a non‐declining species that is widespread in eastern Australia, is a reservoir host for Bd infection. We conducted a long‐term, large‐scale field survey to investigate disease dynamics in C. signifera at sites where four sympatric, threatened anuran species have severely declined. We also monitored Bd‐infected C. signifera in the laboratory to determine susceptibility and survivorship. Finally, we assessed population age structure to investigate disease impact in the wild. We found that C. signifera is a competent reservoir host, maintaining high prevalence and infection intensities in the wild and in the laboratory, with no signs of sub‐lethal effects or clinical disease. In the wild, the modal age is 4 years with individuals living up to 6 years, indicating that adults can survive across multiple years despite high infection prevalence and intensity. The occurrence of C. signifera at sites with remnant populations of threatened species likely contributes to ongoing disease impact in declining species decades after the arrival of Bd. The presence of C. signifera at sites where threatened species have become extinct inhibits effective reintroductions, and we recommend avoiding sites with high reservoir host abundance when planning reintroductions.


Candidates for tubal sterilisation include women who have finished having children and who are looking for a method of birth control that is both highly effective and permanent. It is possible for it to be carried out at any point during a woman's menstrual cycle, as well as right after a child is born or an abortion is performed. Hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, or even a mini-laparotomy might be performed instead. It is important to have a conversation about the danger of regret as well as the characteristics that increase the likelihood of regret, such as a young age at the time of sterilization (less than 30 years), a lower parity, sterilization administered in the immediate postpartum period, divorce or remarriage following sterilization, and being poor or of Hispanic origin. It would appear that being a young adult at the time of the sterilization is the most significant indicator of regret. It is extremely important to keep in mind that this does not provide full protection. According to the findings of the CREST study, the failure rate across all procedures was 18.5 out of every 1000 procedures over the course of a 10-year period. Even in the event that a cesarean birth is performed unexpectedly, a mother request for postpartum permanent contraception in the form of bilateral total salpingectomy during cesarean delivery may be a procedure that is both safe and practicable.


| The ever increasing speeds and shrinking feature sizes that are typical of state of the art integrated circuits designs have made coupling due to interconnect and packaging a very important, sometimes dominant, factor in system performance. The ability to eeciently perform coupled circuit-interconnect simulation before fabrication is essential in order to detect signal degradation due to delays or crosstalk. In this paper we review some algorithms currently used for generating low order models for eecient coupled circuit-interconnect simulation. We rst discuss methods of generating models for three dimensional interconnect and packaging structures and then present state-of-the-art model order reduction techniques to reduce the order of the interconnect models.


Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is a thickening of the pylorus muscle, which connects the stomach to the duodenum. The exact etiology of this condition is not known, but some believe it is an acquired condition occurring after birth. Most cases occur in infants three to six weeks old. Diagnostic medical sonography is a highly important tool used in the diagnosis of HPS. It does not involve any radiation exposure, which makes it safer for infants. Many key characteristics of this condition help to make an accurate diagnosis. Some cases are treated with medications, but most patients have surgery to correct this condition, which has a very good prognosis. This case demonstrates the typical sonographic appearance of a 3½-week-old infant with HPS.


Background: It remains unclear whether the stair-climbing test (SCT) can use instead of 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) for assessment of exercise capacity in patients with mild COPD. Aim: To assess the exercise capacity with the 6MWT and SCT and to interpret their results in patients with mild COPD. Methods: Pulmonary function test results were recorded in 12 patients with mild COPD. Exercises capacity was assessed with the 6MWT and SCT. Heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and blood pressure were measured, severity of dyspnoea, and fatigue were assessed by Modified Borg Scale. Quality of life was assessed with the Short Form 36 (SF36) and Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Result: Median value of patients were 66.5 years for aged, 84.0 for %FEV1, 69.0 for FEV1/FVC, 98.50 for %FVC, 130 for number of stair, and 535m for walking distance.During tests, systolic blood pressure, SpO2, and severity of dyspnoea were found significantly changed in both tests, especially in SCT. Between the number of steps and walking distance were found correlation (rho=0.76, p=0.004). It was found that the number of steps correlates with %FVC (rho=0.61, p=0.03), %FEV1 (rho=0.32, p=0.32) and FEV1/FVC (rho=-0.46, p=0.13), while walking distance correlates with % FVC (rho=0.62, p=0.03) and FEV1/FVC (rho=-0.65, p=0.02). Both test results were associated with mental component of SF36 score and the total score of SGRQ (p Conclusion: Despite the limited number of patients, it was found that SCT which requires more effort than 6MWT during assessment of exercise capacity could be considered as an alternative test for patients with mild COPD.


Summary As a result of changing market needs and growth in competition, companies' competitiveness is increasingly being determined by their innovation capacity. This study aims at analyzing the characteristics of technological behavior of the Telecom industry in Brazil, specifically of equipment suppliers, which account for most of the sector's technological innovation. This study encompasses quantitative analysis describing the profile of innovative companies and their Research and Development (R&D) efforts, and the results obtained. In order to complement the analysis, a few cases were studied in order to show, among others, the main areas and/or products having R&D carried out in Brazil, factors attracting R&D activities to the country, cooperation with local universities and difficulties faced by companies when carrying R&D locally. Main conclusions and suggestions for public policies of the telecom industry are finally presented.


After tracing the formation and predicament of the Edge City, this paper discusses the localization of towns and the responsibility and the pursuit of governments.


PurposeThis paper outlines the development of the principle of materiality in the European accounting framework, from the Modernization Directive (2003/51/EC) to the NFI Directive (2014/95/EU) and on to the proposals for a Corporate Sustainability Reporting (CSR) Directive (2021/0104 (COD)). The authors highlight how the requirements for corporate reporting in terms of sustainability matters have changed, underlining the main issues that require further attention by practitioners, researchers and legislators.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based upon a historic analysis of European Union (EU) regulations in the field of non-financial and sustainability reporting and how these have changed over time. A conceptual comparison of different reporting concepts is presented, and changes in their relevance to the EU accounting framework are discussed as part of the historic analysis. Implications from corporate practice are derived from previous empirical findings from the EU Commission's consultations.FindingsThe proposed change from non-financial to sustainability reporting within the EU affects more than simply the terminology used. It implies that a different understanding is needed of both the purposes of company reporting on sustainability matters and the aims of carrying out such reporting. This change was driven by the need and desire to appropriately interpret the principle of materiality set forth in the NFI Directive. However, the recent redefinition in the shift within the EU Commission's proposals presents considerable challenges–and costs–in practice.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research on the conceptualization and operationalization of ecological and social materiality, as well as on the use of this information by different stakeholder groups, is necessary in order to (a) help companies that are applying the reporting requirements in practice, (b) support the increased harmonization of the reports published by these companies and (c) fully assess the costs and benefits associated with the increase in reporting requirements for these companies.Practical implicationsCompanies have to establish relevant reporting processes, systems and formats to fulfil the increasing number of reporting requirements.Originality/valueThis paper outlines the historic development of the principle of materiality regarding mandatory non-financial or sustainability reporting within the EU. It outlines a shift in rationales and political priorities as well as in implications for European companies that need to fulfil the reporting requirements. In consequence, it describes appropriate interpretations of this principle of materiality under current and upcoming legislation, enabling users to apply this principle more effectively.


However, this national planning is confounded by cross-border mobility of both health care students and professionals. Especially in the context of EU citizens' fundamental rights of free movement and residence, Member States are restricted in the actions they can take to manage these flows. Based on the Professional Qualifications Directive they are required to automatically recognize the qualifications of doctors and dentists trained in another Member State. Even if the regulation of the medical profession is a national prerogative, any condition to which the authorisation to practice is made subject, needs to respect the principles of non-discrimination and proportionality. This is also


This article explores some contacts between members of the Church of England and the Russian Orthodox Church throughout the nineteenth century, seeking to understand the motives and emotions which drew English believers to the Russian Church. Any such endeavour must start with the effects of the Oxford Movement within Anglicanism. Transforming the liturgy, spirituality and church architecture of the Church of England, the Movement affirmed the authority of the Anglican Church by formulating the Branch Theory, which saw the Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England as three authentic successors to the early church of Gospel times. At a time of public suspicion of 'Popery' the prospect of cooperation, or even union between the Anglican and Orthodox branches of the Church had obvious attractions.


Health programmes are developed to prevent disease or manage the treatment process. They should be universal enough to target the largest possible group while taking into account the individual predispositions of the recipients. Important factors influencing the scope and design of health programs are also the financial capacity and availability of personnel to implement them. Thus, in addition to the experience of planners, the use of advanced decision support tools is necessary. Hybrid simulation modelling, which refers to the combination of two or more simulation approaches, is widely used to help manage various aspects of health care, including health programmes. The article is a part of a larger study in the area of using simulation modelling to support the planning of dental caries prevention programmes in primary schools in Poland. The paper focusses on one component, which are educational talks. Our goal is to provide a framework for developing simulation models to determine the potential impact of educational talks on children's oral health attitudes towards oral hygiene. The results of the experiments showed that oral health education may results in positive attitudes at the end of primary education in children.


Based on the deformation characteristic of compliant plates,a low cost,monolithic compliant precise positioning stage is presented.A multi-layer-plate spring is designed,which is helpful to realizing high accuracy output of the stage without needing highly precise actuator and control system,so the cost of the stage is lower than that of other types of micro-positioning stages.The stiffness model of the stage is established,and the relationship between the accuracy of the actuator and the positioning accuracy of the stage is analyzed.The key structural parameters that influence the positioning accuracy are obtained,which is helpful to reducing the error caused by manufacture.Experimental results show that the input displacement and accuracy of the stage are 4 mm and 10μm respectively.The output displacement and accuracy of the stage are 9μm and 40 nm respectively.The linearity of the output displacement is 0.33%.The research is helpful in designing a low cost compliant stage with a high accuracy.


A unique SiC whisker wheel was invented,in which the whiskers were aligned normally to the grinding wheel surface.In this paper,grindabilities of the SiC whisker wheel are investigated and compared with those of other wheels of SiC grains,Al2O3 grains,as well as Al2O3 long and short fibres which were also aligned normally to the grinding wheel surface,respectively.The main research contents concern grinding characteristics of a directionally aligned SiC whisker wheel such as material-removal volume,wheel-wear rates,integrity of the ground surfaces,grinding ratios and grinding efficiency.Furthermore,grinding wheels of whiskers and fibres have a common disadvantage:they tend to load easily.The authors have proposed a simple method of loading-free grinding to overcome this propensity and investigate some related grinding characteristics under loading-free grinding conditions.


The authors emphasize the importance of supplying iron orally in sufficient amounts to provide for fetal demands. They have studied the efficacy of certain preparations.


Studies of the New Religious Movements raise questions about the nature of religion. Many of these movements can be seen far from what is usually accepted as a religion. This paper aims to understand the religious element that is present in the New Age practices, also called new spiritualities. Four examples of groups and individual practices were raised in order to understand what make them religious. The use of certain concepts of religion allowed perceiving those practices as examples of religion in modern society, demonstrating that religion goes beyond what is usually recognized as such.


Standard forms of contract have been part and parcel of the construction industry for many years. They are associated with economies of scale and efficiency, allowing businesses to complete the contract negotiation phase quicker than if all contracts had to be individually negotiated. However, in many standard-form contracts, the opportunities for genuinely free and informed consent to the contract terms may be restricted given the consumer's limited ability to assess the merits of, or the risks inherent in, the terms of a contract. The new Australian Consumer Law (ACL) reflects concern about the impact of changes in consumer markets, including the proliferation of standard-form consumer contracts and concern that the current regulatory framework does not provide adequate relief from substantive unfairness in consumer transactions. This paper examines the effect of the new ACL regarding good faith and unfair contract terms and considers existing legislation and practices that suggest that the construction...


This study investigated the condition factor, growth pattern and sex ratio of fish species from Badagry creek, Lagos lagoon complex, Nigeria. A total of one thousand and eight specimens (1008) belonging to twelve (12) species were studied. The total length ranged from 12.85±1.54 – 27.49±4.75cm, and body weight ranged from 38.50±14.04 – 159.09±28.24g with Marcusenius senegalensis having the highest and Oreochromis niloticus having the least. All the fish species examined showed  positive allometric growth (b > 3) except Marcusenius senegalensis and Gymnarchus niloticus . 478 male and 530 female specimens were caught representing 47.42% and 52.58% of the fish population respectively, giving the overall sex ratio of 1male:1.1 females.


Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), including chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), is one of the manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF). The paranasal sinuses (PNS) are considered as a reservoir of pathogenic microflora and a source of descending infection of the entire respiratory tract. Nevertheless, paranasal sinuses pathology is usually assessed in isolation from both the lower respiratory tract and the entire spectrum of multiple organ damage in CF. Aim. To determine the prevalence of CRSwNP and its correlation with other characteristics of CF in children in Russia. Methods. The study included data of 2216 children from 0 to 18 years old from 81 regions of the Russian Federation from the Registry of patients with cystic fibrosis in the Russian Federation for 2018. Children with an established diagnosis of CRSwNP (n = 599) were compared to those without this condition (n = 1 617). The prevalence was assessed in the subgroups by age, sex, respiratory function, nutritional status, microbiological status, complications, the need for various therapies, and the average duration of inpatient treatment during the year. The statistical analysis included parametric and nonparametric tests. Results. According to the Registry, the average prevalence of CRSwNP among children with CF was 27.03% and tended to increase with age. Children with CRSwNP had statistically significant higher incidence of homozygous F508del mutation, more common intermittent and chronic infection with P. aeruginosa, S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA), cystic fibrosis-associated diabetes mellitus with daily use of insulin, liver damage (as with or without cirrhosis), osteoporosis, a more frequent need for systemic antibacterial and inhalation (except for bronchodilators) therapy, as well as a relatively high need for hospital stay. Unexpectedly, the respiratory function indicators (FEV1, %, FVC, %) and body mass index turned out to be higher in the group of patients with nasal polyposis. A likely explanation is that the study included only children, and the lung function was not analyzed in the children and adolescents. Conclusion. The results suggest that CRSwNP is a predictor of adverse course of CF and requires attention from CF specialists and otorhinolaryngologists, as well as interdisciplinary collaborations.


In our daily life, the number of vehicles especially two-wheelers are gradually increasing and the number of two-wheelers used by students is also high and that becomes a concern for their parents to look after their children's safety while driving .Here, the Smart Helmet for Accident and Alcohol Detection Using GSM and GPS Technology was suggested. This device automatically detects if a driver is wearing a helmet and has non-alcoholic breath while they are on the road. This device consists of a helmet transmitter and a bike receiver. A switch is used to guarantee that the helmet is on the head. The switch's ON state ensures that the helmet is properly positioned .A gas sensor is positioned near the driver's lips in the helmet to detect the presence of alcohol. The data to be conveyed is encoded with an RF encoder and broadcast through a radio frequency transmitter. The data is received by the bike's receiver, which decodes it using an RF decoder. If any of the two requirements is violated, the engine should not start


Nutch, Solr and Hadoop, three of them are open source applications, which Nutch is a superb web crawler, Hadoop is a cloud platform and Solr can use crawled data and offer word class searching. Nutch only provides one mechanism which segments Chinese sentences into some single characters so that Chinese word cannot be analyzed and processed. This paper proposes a method of Chinese word segmentation in Solr and builds a high performance distributed search engines by integrating Nutch into Hadoop, and finally use Solr to build tourist information search platform.


The article reviews the assessment methods of energy supplied to the surface of solar panels. The need of increase in accuracy of calculation of the solar energy entering on the panel is proved due to the accounting of additional influencing factors. A technique for estimating solar energy to the surface of panels is developed. The degree of cloudiness influence on the solar energy input for the area under consideration is identified. The comparison of the results of modeling with the use of the developed technique and specialized computer programs is carried out. It showed satisfactory results. Modeling of incoming solar energy for the existing solar power station showed a higher quality of the developed technique compared with specialized software. The optimal angle of inclination of the solar panel is calculated and the reduction of the incoming energy is analyzed when the angle deviates from the optimal value. The application of modeling of incoming solar energy intake to obtain daily graphs for the electricity generation of a solar power station and comparing them with daily graphs of the electrical load of the consumer is considered. The authors draw the conclusions by the results of research.


I love the printed page. The tactile sensation of turning pages, circling or underlining passages, and even crumbling up a poor draft connect the reader to the text. Yet, the electronic page has more depth and content. Hyperlinks, magnification, and scrolling allow one to gain an even deeper understanding of a research article. I am pleased to announce that our new website platform expands the electronic experience even further. Through a partnership with Oxford University Press and Silverchair, Toxicological Sciences now lives on a truly interactive and intuitive platform, Oxford Academic. The new platform will allow ongoing expansion and enrichment of content and will provide the reader with a superb experience. I encourage you to Look Inside academic.oup.com/toxsci for the best original research in the field of toxicology.—Gary W. Miller


BACKGROUND
Phytophthora infestans causes late blight, threatening potato production. The tropane alkaloid scopolamine from some industrial plants (Datura, Atropa, etc.) has a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic effect, but its effect on P. infestans is unknown.

RESULTS
In this study, scopolamine inhibited the mycelial growth of phytopathogenic oomycete P. infestans, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 4.25 g/L. The sporangia germination rates were 61.43%, 16.16%, and 3.99% at concentrations of zero (control), 0.5 IC50, and IC50, respectively. The sporangia viability of P. infestans was significantly reduced after scopolamine treatment through propidium iodide (PI) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining, speculating that scopolamine destroyed cell membrane integrity. The detached potato tuber experiment demonstrated that scopolamine lessened the pathogenicity of P. infestans in potato tubers. Under stress conditions, scopolamine showed good inhibition of P. infestans, indicating that scopolamine could be used in multiple adverse conditions. The combination effect of scopolamine and the chemical pesticide Infinito on P. infestans was more effective than the use of scopolamine or Infinito alone. Moreover, transcriptome analysis suggested that scopolamine leaded to a downregulation of most P. infestans genes, functioning in cell growth, cell metabolism, and pathogenicity.

CONCLUSION
To our knowledge, this is the first study to detect scopolamine inhibitory activity against P. infestans. Also, our findings highlight the potential of scopolamine as an eco-friendly option for controlling late blight in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


In this paper, we describe the use of a simulation program in a subject of General Chemistry from a Chemistry course from the Universidade Luterana do Brasil – ULBRA. The software DICEWIN is employed in basic research in chemistry and it is being adapted for it use in classroom. Our objective for its use in the General Chemistry is to facilitate the students' modeling processes and the visualization of the microscopic behavior of solutions, in order to construct the concepts involved in intermolecular forces. By performing a pair distribution function analysis of the solvation of Na + , Cl - and Ar in water, it is shown that it is feasible to explain the differences in solvation for these differently charged solutes. Preliminary results seem to show that the students involved in the experience have a considerable gain with the use of this teaching strategy, specially in the representation of the kinetic-molecular behavior of the discussed systems and in the use of multiple representations for it.


On the base of field investigations and pedigree materials,this article treats the causes of designation for the Hui people with surname of Ma in the east and northeast areas of Yunnan.It points out that: firstly,these Hui people are really of the same surname,but not the same clan consanguineously;secondly,these Hui people are very close to the Hui people in Weining of Guizhou in the ethnic sources;thirdly,these Hui people have marital relations with the Han people,the Yi people and the Menggu people in these areas.


The April 1995 issue of Oncology featured an article that presented sound information on the state of viral interactions and cervical cancer, along with several excellent reviews. Cancer of the uterine cervix is a significant health and emotional


This invention relates to a device and a balancing method of the device for distributing heating loads between units of a set. The device comprises, in known manner, TH and MV radiator gate valves thermostats of the type with all or nothing, temperature measuring sensors TM, TP and TU for measuring temperatures of the feed water, water return and outdoor, a control unit LY connection which transmits the measured data to a central processing unit KY, the opening durations of the gate valves in successive cycles being controlled by LY unit based on the difference between the set temperature and the actual temperature and the calculated consumption depending on the ratio of opening-closing periods with the temperatures TM, TP as weighting factors. The invention is applicable to ensure equitable distribution of heating loads.


This paper summarize the particularity and complexity of suveying practical teaching in synthetized technology university according to analyzing the condition of suveying practical teaching.it mainly introduce morden teaching idea of "modular and series" for practice teaching,and study the plan for experiment teaching system in hebei technology university.urveying and mapping lab of Hebei Polytechnic University.


A motor plasmonic photocatalyst (MPP) is developed to promote photocatalysis in an anaerobic stagnant environment. The MPP is fabricated through the newly developed nano/micromotor fabrication method: template-assisted aqueous phase synthesis. With the help of H2O2 (fuel), the solar photocatalytic efficiency of the MPP can be enhanced more than 110 times.


The invention provides an application software issuing method in a virtual desktop environment. The method comprises: when a certain specific virtual machine is started for the first time, the specific virtual machine sends a first-time starting request to a server side, the server side searches a corresponding relation to obtain a specific application software configuration list, and the specific application software configuration list is issued to the specific virtual machine; and the specific virtual machine loads an operation file of the application software according to path information of a selected application software package, and when the loading is completed, first-time starting of the specific virtual machine is completed. Application software issuing management in a virtual desktop environment is combined with permission management of application software by a user and using behavior control, so that a problem of system security during application software issuing process in the virtual desktop environment can be solved well and thus the application software issuing security is improved; and convenience of the operations of application software issuing, deployment, and upgrading in the virtual desktop environment can be improved substantially.


The hydrodynamic force that will cause flow-induced vibration of a centrifugal pump impeller is not accurately calculated by potential flow theory.To solve this problem,their 3-D flow field was simulated for both steady and unsteady conditions.In the simulation,pressure distribution in the volute and the hydrodynamic forces on the impeller were investigated under different conditions.The computed data for steady forces was close to experimental data under different conditions,and the steady force increased with off-design conditions.The unsteady forces were related to impeller-tongue interactions,and increased with the rise of flux.The unsteady force also changed periodically,and the frequency of change coincided with the blade passing frequency.This analysis of hydrodynamic forces could improve analysis of vibration with fluid-structure interaction and lead to vibration and noise reduction.


Maintaining synchronism between different parts of power system is getting difficult over time.Frequency perturbation in power system can cause stalling in loads. If synchronism between generator and the power systems is lost at any time,voltage and current fluctuations may happen that gives catastrophic effect to the end users and power systems.In this paper,two area hydropower system was represented in state space form.The controllability and observability of the system were tested.The frequency deviation observer for both areas was formulated.Hence,the state feedback via integration of Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and PI controller was designed for load frequency control (LFC) to preserve the stability of the power system due to load frequency deviation.The performance and efficacy of the proposed controller were then compared with traditional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller.The effectiveness of the proposed controller approach was demonstrated through two area hydropower system using MATLAB with SIMULINK toolbox.


The time series of the shallow geothermal has been calculated respectively in four seasons with observed monthly data of 0-20 cm geothermal from 1961 to 2010 at 16 stations in Southeast Guizhou.And their spatial distribution and time changing tendency have been analyzed by means of Orthogonal Function Decomposition(EOF),Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD),wavelet analysis and Mann-Kendall methods.The results indicate that the shallow geothermal is positive in each season,in other words,the shallow geothermal is always above 0℃.But there are big differences in spatial and temporal distractions,with the highest in summer and the lowest in winter.Affected by large-scale climate anomalies and topography,the distributions of the maximum temperature centers are different in each season and the sub-region characteristics possess obvious differences.At the same time,the shallow geothermal in each season shows remarkable annual oscillating characteristics,the intensity of which will reach their top in 2000.Though their oscillating periods are different,the shallow geothermal in four seasons presents warming tendency.


This paper is a new step in the development and application of the Linguistic Geometry. This formal theory is intended to discover the inner properties of human expert heuristics, which have been successful in a certain class of complex control systems, and apply them to different systems. In this paper we investigate heuristics extracted in the form of hierarchical networks of planning paths of autonomous agents. Employing Linguistic Geometry tools the dynamic hierarchy of networks is represented as a hierarchy of formal attribute languages. The main ideas of this methodology are shown in this paper on the new pilot example of the solution of the extremely complex 3D optimization problem of strategic planning for the space combat of autonomous vehicles. This example demonstrates deep and highly selective search in comparison with conventional search algorithms. Interrogative approach to control problems offers much faster execution and clearer simulator definition (Lirov et al., 1988). For this kind of approach a series of hierarchical dynamic goaloriented systems should be developed and investigated. There are many such problems where human expert skills in reasoning about complex goaloriented systems are incomparably higher than the level of modern computing systems. Unfortunately, problems of tactics planning and automatic control of autonomous agents such as aerospace vehicles, space stations and robots with cooperative and opposing interests are of the type where human problem-solving skills can not be directly applied. Moreover, there are no highlyskilled human experts in these fields ready to substitute for robots (on a virtual model) or transfer their knowledge to them. There is no grand-master in robot control, although, of course, the knowledge of existing experts in this field should not be neglected – it is even more valuable. Due to the special significance of these problems and the fabulous costs of mistakes, the quality of solutions must be very high and usually subject to continuous improvement.


With the rapid growth of the scale of integrated circuit,verification becomes a great challenge.Building componentized and reusable testbench is now more and more being used by industry.A kind of methodology of building componentized and reusable testbench with a example of switch IC are introduced.This kind of methodology is proved to be very usefull to improve verification efficiency in programs.


The feasibility of iron-smelting and making glass-ceramics using nickel slag from Jinchuan by the melt-reduction method and casting technology was investigated.By using orthogonal design method,the nickel slag separation and crystallization of the slag were studied at different ratios of raw materials.The optimum composition ratio of raw materials which could be used in industrial test was determined: 85.1% Nickel slag,1.8%alumina,6.6%quicklime,5.0%fluor,1.6% sodium oxide and 5.1%coke.The phase compositions and characteristics of glass-ceramics products were determined by the comprehensive methods such as X-ray diffraction,physical,chemical properties test and optical microscopy.


Recently,it frequently see reports of Hacker using network to steals school's information and Blackmailing student and guardian's Criminality. It cause worries to school's network safety。Internet network's Application is very universal in schools,It use firewall and Anti-virus software to protect school's network. From school's network construction situation,It expound underlying hidden trouble. Passing analysis,It proposes to isolate all area of school's network. Basis for safe level,using network physical isolation technics avoids hacker stealing school's information and Anti-virus destructing,too preventing innerior user accessing.


The efficacy and safety of carvedilol. a β-blocker with vasodilatory properties, were compared with that of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) both at a once-daily dose of 25–50 mg in a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, multicenter study. Following a single-blind placebo phase of 3–6 weeks. 201 eligible patients (aged 27–88 years) were randomized to receive 8 weeks of treatment with either carvedilol or HCTZ. 25 mg doubling to 50 mg at week 4 if the response was inadequate. Sitting and standing blood pressure and heart rate were recorded 2 h after the first dose and 24 h postdose at weeks 4 and 8. The analysis included 179 patients (11 having withdrawn, including 5 for adverse events, and 11 excluded for protocol violations). There were no statistically or clinically significant differences between treatment groups. Eighty-six percent of patients in the carvedilol group and 88% in the HCTZ group had an 8-week sitting diastolic blood pressure ≤90 mm Hg or decreased by ≥10 mm Hg. Safety profiles were similar for both agents, with a tendency to lower uric acid and total cholesterol levels with carvedilol. Carvedilol and HCTZ at doses compared in this study have similar efficacy and tolerability. with laboratory evidence to suggest a more favorable metabolic profile for carvedilol.


In this essay we introduce three types of credit pricing models: first and second generation structural-form models and reduced-form models with relative papers and their main results. This paper mainly focuses on the reduced-form credit pricing model by explaining Duffie and Singleton's paper Modeling Term Structure of Defaultable Bonds (1999). A detailed explanation of the paper's deductions and motivations is presented. We discuss the paper's drawbacks and summarize the relative improvements made by recent papers. In the end, we make applications to Duffie and Singleton's model and solve for explicit pricing formulas of defaultable bonds in different cases.


The contact resistance between electrodes of molybdenum and tungsten is used to investigate the adsorption of nitrogen and oxygen. It is found that, on clean metals, the initial period of fast adsorption gives rise to a surface resistivity of about 4 × 10−10 ohm-cm2, corresponding to a layer of the order of 1.6 Angstroms thick on each surface. To remove, within a minute or so, the layers resulting from adsorption beyond this initial period, temperatures near 1700°K are required for all four metal-gas combinations. Some of the oxygen adsorbed at a pressure of a few torr* at room temperature can be removed by lowering the pressure, but such an effect was not observed for nitrogen. Nitrogen or oxygen adsorbed during the initial period of fast adsorption on clean molybdenum or tungsten at a temperature of 100°K is not removed in times of the order of one hour by lowering the pressure, in disagreement with some results in the literature. The rate of migration of adsorbed oxygen into and out of the region between closed contacts is found to be much lower than that reported in an earlier experiment of the same type.


OBJECTIVES
The study was aimed to develop and evaluate a lymphoedema self-management behaviour questionnaire (LSMBQ) for breast cancer patients.

METHODS
The initial version of the behaviour questionnaire was developed based on the framework of self-management and the evidence summary of lymphoedema self-management. Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted to validate the questionnaire's content validity. A cross-sectional survey was then conducted in breast wards of two hospitals in China to evaluate the reliability and validity of this scale. Exploratory structural equation model was used to test the construct validity. T-test was used to analyse the known group validity. Structural equation model was applied to verify the relationship between self-efficacy, social support, and lymphoedema self-management behaviour to test the convergent validity. Also, the internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were evaluated.

RESULTS
The questionnaire's content validity was satisfactory. There were 22 items included in the LSMBQ for validation and 260 completed the survey. A six-factor structure with good construct validity was identified. The result of t-test verified that patients who knew the risk of lymphoedema and those who received lymphoedema health education had higher scores of lymphoedema self-management behaviours (P < 0.05), indicating that the questionnaire has good known group validity. The fitting results of the structural equation model indicated that the 22-item questionnaire had good convergent validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and test-retest reliability for the total questionnaire were 0.910 and 0.875, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The 22-item LSMBQ appears to have adequate reliability and validity to assess the lymphoedema self-management behaviours for breast cancer patients.


A rational bidder in a private-value auction should be reluctant to incur the cost of perfectly estimating his value if it might not matter to the success of his bidding strategy. This can explain sniping---flurries of bids at the end of auctions---as the result of other bidders trying to avoid stimulating the victim into learning more about his value. The idea of value discovery also explains why a bidder might increase his bid ceiling in the course of an auction and why he would like to know the private values of other bidders.


Introduces the main export area of Chinese wooden handcrafts,analyzes constraints of Chinese wooden handicrafts export development, discusses the export barriers about Chinese wooden handcrafts,puts forward suggestions for the enterprises: smooth information channel,updated marketing model,valuing foreign laws and regulations,actively certification,innovative product design,goods craftsmen training and heritage,improve financing capacity.


Objective To analyze the risk factors for hospital infection in the medical physical examination center of a newly opened hospital, and to explore its prevention and control measures. Methods Between April and December 2012, we analyzed the risk factors for hospital infection in the physical examination center of a new hospital. A series of hospital infection prevention and control measures such as carrying out education and training of medical personnel, strengthening the prevention of needle stick injuries, implementing strict disinfection and sterilization, improving environmental hygiene, and implementing medical waste management, were developed. Results Medical staff's knowledge of disinfection and sterilization was improved; hand hygiene compliance was increased; hospital environmental hygiene was promoted, and medical waste was properly sorted out. Conclusion Taking reasonable measures for infection prevention and control can increase medical staff' s awareness of hospital infection prevention and control, improve their practices of infection control and prevent hospital infections from occurring eventually.


Aim: to identify risk groups for the formation of cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after gynecological operations. Research base: City Clinical Hospital named after S.P. Botkin, Moscow, Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education. The risk groups for the formation of cognitive dysfunction in elderly and senior patients after gynecological operations are determined. Hospitalization was carried out just before the operation, the postoperative hospital bed rest varied from 2 to 4 days. Where possible, the principles of FastTrack technology were applied in the perioperative period. Materials and methods. The study involved 60 elderly and senior female patients after menopause from the age of 50 to 85 years (75,2 ± 6,3 years), who underwent surgery under conditions of endotracheal anesthesia due to benign pathology (ovarian neoplasms, genital prolapse). The principles of FastTrack – an accelerated path in surgery were applied. Before the operation and on the 2nd day after the operation, testing was performed on the MMSE (Mini-mental State Examination) scale, as well as on the questionnaire to identify Spielberger-Hanin personal and reactive anxiety. Results. It has been proven that the frequency of postoperative cognitive dysfunction increases in proportion to the age of the patients and often depends on the type of anesthetic benefit and the severity of the operation. In the group of women aged from 50 to 60, no initial cognitive impairment was found, 18 % of patients after 60 years of age have cognitive impairment, and 5 % have mild dementia. The older the patient, the more cases of postoperative cognitive impairment develops/worsens, and high levels of anxiety remain. Early discharge in such cases can cause problems. Conclusion. In risk groups, especially in patients older than 70 years with signs of widespread atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular accidents, and a history of brain injuries, it is necessary to accurately identify signs of cognitive impairment and promptly involve a neurologist and clinical psychologist to correct them, which will significantly improve the postoperative period and reduce the anxiety level


Gilthead sea bream, Sparus allrata, is a marine fish of the family of the Sparids. It is a highly level proteic and commercial species in the Mediterranean countries, wich can easily be produced in hatcheries from 1983. It was aimed to increase Gilthead sea bream fishery in the Cadiz Gulf The season, fish size and place of release were monitored. Betweenl993 and 1997, 35330 giltheadoffour differimt weigliiswere released. Fish averaged: 15, 100;316 and 854 g. Of these, 28746 were marked.· The fish were released in four zones of the shore of Cadiz, and two zones in Huelva shore. For each zone, the displacements, growth, the oldest recapture and the percentage of recapture were determined. BetWeen these zones, the two of the Huelva shore were discarded, showed the greater movements (42,6±30,5 km.,p<0.05) and the smaller growth of all the zones (Specific Growth Rate(S.G.R.)= -0.20±1.01, p<0.05). The four zones studied in Cadiz, were found suitable for stocking. The Bay of Cadiz, turned out to be the most suitable, by having the greater recapture rate (1.4%), highest growths (S.G.R.=0,86±O.98), and smaller displacements (8.2±14.l km.). In this Bay the older recapture was obtained (583 days). With the exception offish released at PaJrnones River, fish of all the others releasing zones displaced to the Bay. With respect to fish size, better results were obtained with fish of 100 g. The fish of 15 g. showed descendent recapture rates (0,01%). Fish greater than 316 g. made diplacements significantly greater than the other fish (43,Q±31.2 vs 9.6±15.8 Ian, p<O.OOI), The fish released in spring and summer (between March and July), had a greater growth than fish released in autumn and winter (between October and December, S.G.R.=O.68±1.08 vs 0.23±L II, p<0.05).


Intolerant reactions to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and food-additives such as tartrazine (TTZ) and sodium benzoate (BZ) have been described and cross-reactivity has been suggested. However, the topic remains a matter of debate, the more so as the pathogenicity of these reactions is not yet established. The question of cross-reactivity was addressed in our study using in vitro lymphoblastic transformation tests, with incorporation of tritiated thymidine as a marker of activation. As compared with unstimulated control cultures, ASA, TTZ and BZ at 1 or 10 μg/ml concentrations induced in 52.7 percent of the patients a low response (index from 1.5 to 3.5) far from the PHA response (mean index of 10). There was a marked imbalance in favor of cross-reactions to TTZ, ASA and BZ (p


This paper introduces an improved approach to model contact interfaces of fixed joints in finite element analysis (FEA) with regard to prediction of the vibration behaviour of built-up structures. The approach consists of two parts: (1) The development of a suitable, new contact model which considers the most important physical effects of wave propagation over the contact interface and (2) the implementation of the contact model in commercial finite element software. The new model is based on the contact models of Hertz and Mindlin for the contact of a single spherical asperity with an elastic plane. The Hertzian microscopic model for normal contact is then generalized with a statistical approach for rough surfaces introduced by Greenwood to a macroscopic normal contact model for engineering surfaces. To model the macroscopic tangential contact, a new model based on Mindlins approach is introduced which accounts accurately for microslip effects and considers the dependence of tangential contact behaviour on the normal pressure. For implementing the contact model in FEA, a special isoparametric contact element, the so-called zero thickness element, is programmed. The use of this element compared with existing contact algorithms has some major advantages with regard to the application of modelling the contact in fixed joints considered in this paper. The introduced approach is verified by simulating the vibration behaviour of a built-up structure and proving the prediction quality by comparing simulation results with experimental data. Nomenclature {·}; [·] Column vector; row vector or matrix with capital letters δ(·) Virtual quantity ∆(·) Change of variable (·) in the time interval [t, t + ∆t] (̂·) Amplitude of a time-harmonic variable (·) AR; A0 True area of contact; Apparent area of contact [C] Constitutive contact matrix E∗ Average Youngś modulus in the Hertzian contact model FN ; FT Normal and tangential contact forces {g}; gTx, gTy, gN Relative displacement vector and components in contact tangential and normal directions [H]; hi Matrix of shape functions; shape functions [K] Contact stiffness matrix kN; kT Contact stiffnesses in normal and tangential directions N Total number of peaks in the contact area n Exponent in the tangential contact model pN Contact pressure, pN = −tN r; rA Radius; Radius of a circular contact region in the Hertzian contact model {t}; tTx, tTy, tN Vector of contact tractions and components in tangential and normal directions {u}; u, v, w Displacement vector and displacement components in x, y, and z directions δWC ; δWI Virtual work of contact tractions; Virtual internal work WD Dissipated energy per cycle x, y, z Local coordinate system z Height coordinate of a rough surface αN Approach of two facing points in contact normal direction μ Friction coefficient (for simplification μ = μstiction = μsliding) φ(z); Φ(z) Height distribution and cumulative height distribution of a rough surface σ Standard deviation of the height profile of a rough surface ξ, η, ζ Natural coordinate system


The invention relates to an electric bicycle circuit with a composite charging function. The electric bicycle circuit comprises a power supply device, a functional linkage switching device, a first voltage reduction circuit, a motor energy recovery and counter current resistant device, an electric bicycle motor, a boosted circuit, an illumination circuit, a brake outage energy recovery unit, a second voltage reduction circuit and a drive unit, wherein the power supply device is provided with a battery and a power supply switch; the functional linkage switching device is connected with the power supply switch and is provided with an electric bicycle switch and a charge and discharge switch; the first voltage reduction circuit is connected with the battery and the functional linkage switching device; the motor energy recovery and counter current resistant device is connected with the functional linkage switching device; and the electric bicycle motor is connected with the motor energy recovery and counter current resistant device. During braking, the motor is exchanged into a generator, so that energy is recharged into the battery through the boosting of the boosted circuit to improve the using efficiency of electric power; and the electric bicycle circuit is extremely practical.


The financial crisis (setting in since 2007) focuses attention on the regulation, while the self-regulated market shows imperfection at the market. In the last decades the deregulation was the key-word, but nowadays everybody desires for new rules and regulations. The article tries to present this complex subject regarding the banking regulation. There will be demonstrated the pros and cons concerning the regulation, the practice regarding the actual regulation and the possible solutions as regards the developing.


A ten years old non-descript buffalo in fifth parity calved a day before was presented to the TVCC with a history of prolapse of vagina and cervix within two hours after an assisted delivery of a female calf. The owner seeked veterinary aid on two occasions earlier during pregnancy for recurrent genitalia prolapse. The cervix was prolapsed along with the vagina which was highly edematous, red, moist and football sized. The obstetrical management of the post-partum cervico-vaginal prolapse was discussed here under.


The acute lethal toxicity of Shiga neurotoxin, tetanus toxin, botulinus toxin, ricin and Flexner paradysentery somatic antigen for mice, is materially reduced by the administration of these agents in a saline-in-mineral-oil emulsion. The possible significance of this method of preparing vaccine for immunization procedures is discussed.


A series of carefully synthesized ethylene/butene copolymers (0.2−0.85 mole fraction butene) were synthesized using metallocene catalysts to probe the relationship between the chemical architecture of polyolefins and their rheology. The dependence of , the plateau modulus, on mb, the molecular weight per backbone bond, which we have seen previously for polyolefins is obeyed by these copolymers. Moreover, the modulus at the frequency at which G' = G' ' also scales with copolymer composition. We also show that the van Gurp−Palmen plots (|G*| vs δ) for these copolymers show a universal behavior, which could allow for the characterization of copolymer composition by rheology. We demonstrate that combining small-amplitude oscillatory shear data with stress relaxation experiments the theory of linear viscoelasticity allows us to determine low-frequency behavior much more rapidly. The zero shear viscosity of these ethylene copolymers also shows a regular dependence on the copolymer composition, and we propose a ...


In this paper,we construct a monopolistic market model on complex networks.We investigate the hysteresis effects and discuss the effect of discrepancy of the idiosyncratic preference on the purchasing behaviors of the consumers. Finally,we present some analytical results by mean-field approximation on random networks.


The activity at the Baltimore pyrolysis demonstration project from January 1, 1976 to June 30, 1976 is summarized. Particulate emissions from 100 percent solid waste-fired steam generators in the U. S. are summarized. Most solid waste-fired steam generators were equipped with electrostatic precipitators to control particulate emissions. Three waste-fired units were not originally built with electrostatic precipitators and all three could not control particulate emissions to within an acceptable limit. The data indicated that properly designed electrostatic precipitators are effective in controlling particulate emissions from these facilities to meet applicable standards. Such incinerators have been constructed in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and Chicago, Illinois. One unit, in Braintree, was designed with an electrostatic precipitator, but the efficiency of the precipitator is now too low to meet the applicable standard. The three non-electrostatic precipitator systems are in Baltimore, Nashville, and Norfolk. (MCW)


"Tut-tut," mutters the bird. "That wasn't so bad, was it?" Well, maybe not, we think, though we have so little to show for it, a flutter of crows punctuating whiteouts, and memories cherished against disbelief— the young girl in the anorak bearing rum punch in crystal so thin it seemed a distillation of the air, the way indoors tracked with slush after our salutary immersion, the pulpy vocables of a newspaper headline bustling to-and-fro, breathing its ruddy warmth across the vestibules of the mind.


Converting from a broadband to a narrowband thermal emission spectrum with minimal loss of energy is important in the creation of efficient environmental sensors and biosensors as well as thermo-photovoltaic power generation systems. In the first part of my talk, I would like to discuss about such thermal emission control. It is shown that the emission peak intensity can be much greater than that of a blackbody sample and the emission bandwidth are narrowed significantly (Q>30∼100) by controlling the electronic and photonic states, under the same input power and thermal management conditions. Another issue in thermal emission is that high-speed modulation is difficult to achieve because the intensity of thermal emission is usually determined by the temperature, and the frequency of temperature modulation is limited to 10–100 Hz even when the thermal mass of the object is small. In the second part of my talk, I would like to discuss about the dynamic control of thermal emission via the control of emissivity (absorptivity), at a speed much faster than is possible using the conventional temperature-modulation method.


Epidemic inflammatory dermatophytosis among US combat forces in Vietnam was caused by a pancreatopeptidase E-producing, small (a) mating type, zoophilic variety ofTrichophyton mentagrophytes,a variety not ordinarily isolated in the United States. An abundant reservoir of zoophilicT mentagrophyteswas discovered in commensal rats; carriage was frequent on normal-appearing perineal skin. Variations in prevalence and severity of infection were related to differences in clothing, wet terrain exposures, and duration of tropical service. Our findings suggest that (1) T mentagrophytes infections were acquired in Vietnam, possibly from rats; (2) risk of infection was directly related to degree of exposure to wet clothing; (3) Americans were distinctly more susceptible to T mentagrophytes infections than were adult Vietnamese.


Aiming at the oxydation technology and the mimic enzyme catalysis technology applied in the advanced treatment of pulp and paper mill ef luent in domestic, several key problems of waste acid liquid, usage of peroxide hydrygen, the choice of alkali resource for neutralyzation, the control of the biochemical target and reuse of reclaimed water were studied and the guiding suggestions were proposed.


Resource allocation for transport optical networks has traditionally used a transmission reach constraint to estimate physical impairments. For flexible-grid networks, nonlinear impairments are not sufficiently well characterized by the transmission reach since various modulations and bandwidths can coexist on the same link. We propose a resource allocation algorithm for a single flexible-grid fiber link based on a nonlinear signal distortion model, as a first step toward whole-network design. An optimization problem is formulated to provide a close-to-optimal resource allocation that guarantees the quality of transmission for every channel. Compared with a simpler algorithm based on transmission reach, our proposed algorithm shows the potential of bandwidth savings. It is demonstrated to be insensitive to channel ordering.


A girl with multiple congenital anomalies: short stature, muscular hypotonia, psychiomotoric retardation, and interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 4 is reported. Association of the clinical anomalies with chromosome aberration is discussed.


This study was conducted to investigate the acute toxicity and effect of chemically enhanced water accommodated fraction (CEWAF) of diesel fuel oil on the respiration rates of juvenile mud crab, S. serrata . Juvenile S. serrata were exposed to different CEWAF concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00% v/v) for 48 hours. Mortality was recorded every 12 hours for 48 hours and respiration rates (ml O 2 h -1 ind. -1 ) were determined after 48 hours of exposure. Results showed that increasing concentrations of CEWAF caused a significant increased on the mortality of juvenile S. serrata (ANOVA, p 0.05).


This research examines the roles of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) regarding new product technology in US multi-product organizations. This exploratory research study examines data collected from Fortune "500" companies which listed their annual R&D spending in the firm's annual report and SEC's 10 K. Two related, but different questionnaires were used, one addressed to the CEO, the other to the CTO. The research examines the following questions. (1) if new technology development is one of the key sustainable competitive advantages, is it best acquired internally, or externally, and who plays the major role in those decisions. A number of firms are using CTOs to provide leadership in this decision process. (2) Do firms make use of a Science Advisory Committee (SAC) to assist in this most difficult task and is there a pattern of use of a SAC that differs depending on the educational background of the CEO? These findings of insight into new strategic approaches to technology decisions.


Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve entrapment syndrome of the upper extremities, affecting 1% to 3% of the population. Surgical treatment of this compressive neuropathy aims to release the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) using various well known methods. Usually these methods yield a satisfactory outcome, but sometimes the results are not as favorable as desired. The causes of unsatisfactory results include Archives of Hand and Microsurgery


The judgment of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in R (on the application of ClientEarth) v. Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs represents a pragmatic approach to a pressing public health problem. However, the appellate history of the case reveals a number of important failures in the proper process of European Union law, in relation to the granting of an effective judicial remedy and with regard to the preliminary reference procedure.


Based on publicly available large-scale images from space, an analysis of the state of solid household waste (MSW) storage sites in the Irkutsk region was carried out. Active, abandoned, illegal, cultivated and recultivated objects were identified. The features of the decryption of the objects under study are determined. The classification of landfills for the purpose of their specialized mapping has been developed.


The present work describes a study about the influence of anisotropy in a RANS based prediction scheme for noise prediction of subsonic single jet flows. This task was motivated by an ongoing research to improve the spectral predictions obtained by using Lighthill Acoustic Analogy. The numerical approach employed is originally based on the MGBK technique. Nevertheless, an improved energy-transfer time scale (TET) has been utilized in order to enhance the spectrum shape prediction. In the present model, the anisotropy effect on the noise prediction is indirectly coupled with the aerodynamic flow calculation. However, in order to unveil the actual contribution of the anisotropy, the coupling with the aerodynamic calculation has been performed through the computation of turbulence quantities as the stress tensor components by using a Reynolds Stress Turbulence Model (RSTM). The numerical results permit to identify the effect of the anisotropy parameters and its effect in the final spectrum shape prediction. This approach has indicated some limitations and some potential ways to improve the current methodology towards jet noise prediction of subsonic single flows.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between supplier capabilities, supply chain collaboration and buyer responsiveness.Design/methodology/approach – The sample is drawn from UK manufacturing firms across eight industry sectors. Data are analysed using a three‐step hierarchical regression model to investigate main, interaction and quadratic effects.Findings – The results indicate that suppliers' capabilities (flexibility, responsiveness and modularity) directly impact buyer responsiveness but that the level of buyer‐supplier collaboration moderates this relationship. Furthermore, the results show a curvilinear relationship directly between collaboration and buyer responsiveness, whereby there is an optimal point beyond which returns on the relationship decline.Research limitations/implications – The method adopted is a cross‐sectional design and therefore cannot imply causality. Nonetheless, the findings suggest a number of implications. The paper identifies empirical eviden...


This article examines legal and political responses to the growing presence of Islam in Europe through the lens of Carl Schmitt's thought. It points out how such responses draw on an essentialist and idealized notion of the people, and aim at artificially reinforcing the cultural and religious homogeneous character of the European public sphere, thus pursuing an 'identitarian' model of democracy. It concludes that the role attributed to the 'Christian roots' of Europe in contemporary discourses is analogous to the role that Schmitt ascribed to the Catholic Church in representing the values which were the essence of European civilization and separated it from 'uncivilized' others.


Acknowledgments PART I: A GENEALOGY OF ADOPTION Introducing the Study Family as Cause and Cure: the Emergence of Adoption Contested Involvements: Adoption before the Second World War Differences Denied: the Normalisation of Adoption Differences and identities: the Making of Modern Adoption Contested Attachments: the Controversial Emergence of 'Open Adoption' PART II: THE OPEN ARCHIVE Introducing the Archive Study Knowing or Transforming the Self: Tracing Letterbox Contact Identity through Injury: Unfit Mothers and Direct Contact Conclusions Notes Bibliography