In Kazakhstan, area of 124 thousand km 2 is prone to the avalanche hazard. Avalanches are released down in mountain regions situated along the eastern boundary of Kazakhstan. Systematic studies of avalanches here were started in 1958 by explorer I.S. Sosedov; later on, I.V. Seversky continued these investigations in Institute of Geography of the Kazakh Soviet Republic. Actually, he founded the Kazakh school of the avalanche studies. In 1970–1980s, five snow-avalanche stations operated in Kazakhstan: two in Il' Alatau, two in Zhetysu Alatau, and one in the Altai. At the present time, only two stations and two snow-avalanche posts operate, and all of them are located in Il' Alatau. Since 1951 to 2013, 75 avalanches took place in Kazakhstan, releases of them caused significant damages. For this period 172 people happened to be under avalanches, among them 86 perished. Large avalanche catastrophes causing human victims and destructions took place in Altai in 1977 and in Karatau in 1990. In spring of 1966, only in Il' Alatau avalanches destroyed more 600 ha of mature fir (coniferous) forest, and the total area of forest destroyed here by avalanches amounts to 2677 ha or 7% of the total forest area. For 48 years of the avalanche observations, there were 15 winters with increased avalanche activity in the river Almatinka basin when total volume of released snow exceeded annual mean value of 147 thousand m 3 . During this period, number of days with winter avalanches changed from three (in season of 1973/1974) to 28 (1986/1987), the average for a year is 16 days for a season. Winter with the total volume of snow 1300 thousand m 3 occur once in 150 years. Individual avalanches with maximal volume of 350 thousand m 3 happen once in 80 years. Preventive avalanche releases aimed at protection of roads and settlements are used in Kazakhstan since 1974. These precautions are taken in Il' Alatau, Altai, and on Kalbinsky Range. Avalanches are released with the use of explosives. Protective constructions are built very rarely. The most large-scale project is the protection of the Medeo skating-rink in Il' Alatau where in 1974 special snow-retentive boards of wooden beams on metal supports were constructed on the above located slope. The provision of safety against avalanches becomes especially actual problem in view of development of the mountain-skiing resorts in Il' Alatau, Zhetysu Alatau, and Altai.


Removing dust in the down-the-hole drill is very important in lengthening the service life of drill and assuring the health of workers.At present,there are some shortcomings in the dusting system applied to the DTH drill,adopting cyclone and filter dusting system ,the dust pollute is reduced,the effect of environment protect is better.Dust collecting cover adopts self-resistance airproof cover,which quickly cover hole and induct dust.The first removing dust adopts spiral inlet cyclone separator,which improves purification efficiency and decreases the pressure drop.Based on the model of pressure drop and the critical diameter,dissertating a design method of spiral inlet cyclone separator.the second removing dust adopts pulse-jet fabric filter,the controller adopts microcontroller and software are with modular structure,which has high reliability and high removing dust efficiency.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the price discovery role of the Korea Composite Stock Price Index 200 (KOSPI 200) stock index options market in contrast to other developed options markets. Design/methodology/approach - The price discovery roles of the stock and options markets using the error-correction model derived from the co-integration relationship are examined. Various analyses are conducted. First, Heston's stochastic volatility option pricing model is employed to confirm its usefulness, and compare the results with the Black and Scholes (BS) model. Second, whether the out of the money (OTM) options purchased by individual investors have a stronger price discovery role than options with other moneyness is examined. Finally, whether options have a stronger price discovery role in bullish or bearish markets than in normal markets is tested. Findings - It is found that stock index prices lead implied index prices estimated from option prices using both BS and Heston models. In regards to the OTM options, the lead-effect of real stock index to implied index prices holds. Also it is shown that there is a weak rise in the lead effect of the options to the stock index, but the lead effect of stock index market rules over that of the options market. Originality/value - The paper examines the price discovery role of the KOSPI 200 stock index options market in contrast to other developed options markets and the results indicate that the consensus on the Korean financial markets may be incorrect.


BACKGROUND
Dual antiplatelet therapy is recommended in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p-PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In the past few decades, oral antiplatelet agents have proved to significantly reduce the incidence of ischemic events in patients with atherothrombotic diseases. Nevertheless, recurrent ischemic events often occur in patients undergoing stent implantation. High platelets reactivity has been associated with a higher risk for major cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Several pre-analytical variables may influence platelet function analysis. The aim of our study was to assess the on-treatment platelet reactivity in peripheral and coronary blood, in a group of patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p-PCI) for STEMI.

METHODS
Eligible patients for the study were considered as consecutively admitted patients to the emergency department of University-Hospital of Padua with a diagnosis of ACS with ST-segment elevation scheduled for an urgent procedure of coronary angioplasty. One hundred nine patients who consecutively underwent p-PCI (males: 72%, females: 28%; mean age: 64±13 years) were enrolled. Before the coronary angioplasty intervention, the patients were treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin 250mg I.V in association with one another oral thienopyridines; Clopidogrel 300/600mg, Prasugrel 60 mg or Ticagrelor 180 mg) and with anticoagulant therapy (unfractionated heparin 70U/Kg I.V). During the coronary angioplasty intervention two different samples were obtained, one from peripheral artery and the other from coronary blood. The platelet aggregation was studied using the impedance aggregometry Multiplate®, according to manufacturer's indications. For each patient the values of "Area Under the Curve" (AUC) in ADP-test and ASPI-test were considered, both in the peripheral and in coronary blood. "Low responders of antiplatelet therapy" were considered when an AUC value of ASPI-test or ADP-test greater than or equal to a pre-established cut-off.
RESULTS
The Multiplate® analysis of ADP-test revealed that mean values were slightly higher in peripheral blood compared to coronary blood (peripheral blood: 41±28 U; coronary blood: 39±28 U), However these values with no statistically significant difference (p=0.68). Likewise, for the ASPI-test; no statistically significant difference between the mean values in the peripheral blood compared to the coronary blood (peripheral blood: 23±4 U; coronary blood: 17±2 U; p=0.06).
The percentage of low-responders to ADP-receptor inhibitors was significantly greater than the percentage of low-responders to acetylsalicylic acid at time of primary PCI both in the peripheral and in the coronary blood samples (peripheral ADP-test: 38%; peripheral ASPI-test: 14%; p 0.05). Finally, a positive and statistically significant linear correlation was observed for both ASPI-test and ADP-test in peripheral and coronary blood (r2 0.23, p <0.001 and r2 0.12, p <0.001; respectively). That means; those who are resistant to acetylsalicylic acid tend to be resistant to ADP receptor inhibitors, and vice versa; those who are sensitive to acetylsalicylic acid therapy tend to be sensitive to ADP inhibitor therapy also. Our observed data did not show a correlation between platelet function and clinical outcome both for in-hospital and 1-year clinical outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study we observed that the overall platelet reactivity in coronary blood is lower than in peripheral blood, though not statistically significant. This more likely appears to be due to high antiplatelet drugs effect at plaque ulceration/thrombus site, where the hemostatic process is highly active at onset of STEMI. Larger studies are needed for better evaluation of these mechanisms in term of pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and receptor kinetic properties of antiplatelet agents.
The other interesting result emerging from data processing is the high incidence (about 30%) of low response to thienopyridine type antiplatelet drugs at the time of primary angioplasty. This result, moreover known for Clopidogrel in addition our results include patients treated with Prasugrel and Ticagrelor also. An explanation of this phenomenon which also involves potent recent drugs, requires careful analysis and further studies. The significant direct correlation between platelet reactivity in peripheral and in coronary blood is still a matter of debate. Larger studies are needed for in-depth assessment of any correlation between on–treatment platelet reactivity measured in coronary blood and clinical outcome.


A resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) model is described for estimating current waveforms in digital CMOS circuits. The model is based on parameters that are readily derived from information available in board layout files and component data sheets or IBIS (I/O buffer information specification) files. Compared with the simpler triangular waveform traditionally used to approximate current in CMOS circuits, the RLC model more accurately estimates the shape of the current waveform in the time domain and the amplitudes of the upper harmonics in the frequency domain.


In order to study the genetic diversity of Schima superba with ISSR technique,the factors which affected the ISSR amplification such as template DNA dosage,primers dosage,bovine serum albumin concentration,unit of Taq DNA polymerase,dNTP concentration,Mg~(2+) concentration and annealing temperature were selected and optimized.The results showed that the conditions being suitable for ISSR-PCR of Schima superba were as follows:1×Taq buffer(10 mmol/L TrisHCl,pH 9.0,50 mmol/L KCl and 0.1% Triton X-100),0.75 U Taq DNA polymerase,1.5 mmol/L MgCl_2,0.2(mol/L) 4×dNTP,6 pmol primers,2 mg/ml BSA and 10 ng template DNA.The suitable annealing temperature of Schima superba in the ISSR-PCR reaction system was 56.3 ℃.


Here we present and demonstrate a new technique for simultaneously characterizing the size, polydispersity, and colloidal stability of nanoparticle suspensions. This method relies on tracking each nanoparticle's motion in three spatial dimensions as it interacts with the evanescent field of an optical waveguide. The motion along the optical propagation axis of the waveguide provides insight into the polydispersity of a nanoparticle suspension. Horizontal motion perpendicular to the propagation axis gives the diffusion coefficient and particle size. In the direction normal to the surface, statistical analysis of the scattered light intensity distribution gives a map of the interaction energy landscape and insight into the suspension stability. These three orthogonal measurements are made simultaneously on each particle, building up population level insights from a single-particle rather than ensemble-averaged basis. We experimentally demonstrate the technique using polystyrene spheres obtaining results con...


The paper attempts to review some opinions about ethnicity. Its main focus is to bring to light the prevailing social and legal position of ethnicity in the Indian context. The paper can be useful for ISPE course. It can also raise issues of national integration.


This paper numerically investigates CoFlow Jet (CFJ) 3D transonic wings formed with the 10% thickness NASA SC(2)-1010 and the 12% thickness RAE-2822 airfoils. The present research is based on validated CFD simulation, which employs 3D RANS solver with Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) turbulence model, 3rd order WENO scheme for the inviscid fluxes, and 2nd order central differencing for the viscous terms. For zero sweep and aspect ratio of 10, the CFJ-NASA SC(2)-1010 wing is shown to increase cruise-efficiency CL/CDc by 10% and lift coefficient by 10% simultaneously over the baseline wing. When the sweep angle is increased to 10◦, the improvement is decreased. Similarly, wings formed by CFJ-RAE-2822 are able to increase aerodynamic efficiency at zero sweep and aspect ratio of 10. Decreasing the CFJ jet strength from root to tip is beneficial to reduce drag and power consumption while maintaining lift enhancement due to decreased tip loading. Applying the CoFlow Jet to only the inner span of the CFJ-RAE-2822 wing sees a CFJ power reduction benefit over having injection and suction extend to the wing tip. This method also provides a lift and cruise efficiency benefit over the baseline wing. The outer 30% span shows a diminished supersonic region. Applying the CFJ to the innjer 70% results in reduced power consumption while increasing performance including a 1.2% increase in aerodynamic efficiency over baseline and a 5.7% improvement in lift coefficient in case CFJ-3D-14. Productivity efficiency is similarly increased by 7.1%.


The River Dee Bridge is a 270m long concrete box girder constructed as part of the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Scheme. The detailed design commenced in 2014, with construction finishing in late 201...


ABSTRACT Many women nowadays give birth via cesarean section, and most of the time, both the doctors and the women are in agreement regarding the use of this procedure. Some women, however, refuse to undergo this procedure, and their doctors may try to obtain a court order to perform a cesarean section. This Article advances the argument that courts should not use a balancing test when determining whether a woman should be compelled to undergo a cesarean section. This argument is based on the right to privacy, which arises from abortion cases and informed consent situations, and on the common law idea that a person usually has no duty to rescue another. It analyzes the compelling interests and considerations presented by the state when it seeks court-ordered treatment and considers four cases that have addressed the issue of court-ordered cesarean sections. Although these situations are difficult to resolve and often occur in time-strapped situations, women should be allowed to make their own decisions regarding the delivery of their children. Additionally, discussions regarding various delivery options should occur sooner rather than later in the pregnancy to avoid situations in which the women and their doctors transform from a cooperative team to battling adversaries. "MacDuff was from his mother's womb, Untimely ripped." ~ MacBeth, Act V, Scene vii I. INTRODUCTION A person enters a burning building and must choose between saving a family member or a complete stranger. Most people would likely save the family member due to the familial bond. Doctors, more specifically obstetricians, often find themselves in a similar situation with pregnant patients. Do they treat the woman, the fetus, or both? Pregnancy creates a unique situation for doctors because to treat the fetus, the doctor must treat the woman. Often, women willingly undergo a treatment because doctors believe that the fetus receives the treatment's benefits. What happens if a woman refuses a treatment that benefits the fetus? Doctors encounter the same quandary as the person in the hypothetical burning building. Should doctors honor the woman's refusal, or should they seek a court order to compel treatment? If the doctor opts for judicial intervention, then the fetus often prevails over the woman because the courts balance the fetus's rights against the woman's rights. Courts, however, should not conduct a balancing test, especially with procedures like cesarean sections. The court-ordered procedure undercuts the woman's constitutional rights and makes her a glorified incubator, which courts may open at their leisure. The balancing test sets women's rights back centuries because courts may unconsciously (or perhaps consciously) make value judgments on the situation. The courts may skew established law because the woman only contests the method of delivery. II. CESAREAN BACKGROUND Since ancient times, people have known and used the cesarean section. Myths, legends, and Shakespearean plays have all referred to the surgery. (1) Cesarean sections occurred in Egypt in 3,000 B.C., as well as other countries like Greece, Italy, and Persia. (2) Unlike today, doctors considered cesarean sections as the final delivery option because the woman was often dead or dying after the completed procedure. (3) Until the sixteenth century, doctors performed cesarean sections postmortem, but at the time live women began to undergo the procedure as well. (4) Women who chose to undergo the procedure had a high risk of death. (5) Doctors did not opt for this delivery method with a live woman "unless [she] had been in labor for a very long time and was unable to deliver vaginally" because of the high mortality rates from hemorrhaging and infection. (6) Cesarean sections, however, became routine after the Catholic Church mandated that doctors perform these procedures to save children for the purpose of baptism. (7) The cesarean section gradually shifted from a final, last resort option to another delivery method between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. …


This paper presents an overview AutoTutor, an intelligent tutoring system that engages in conversationally smooth dialogue with students. AutoTutor simulates the discourse patterns and dialogue moves of human tutors with modest tutoring expertise. In order to concretize the situation we begin with two short snapshots of AutoTutor in action. In one snapshot, involving an articulate and knowledgeable student, AutoTutor begins with a how question and then simply pumps for further information. In the other, with an inarticulate and less knowledgeable student AutoTutor begins with a why question and follows this with numerous hints and prompts until the topic is covered. The remainder of the paper describes the system's architecture, which is comprised of seven modules: a curriculum script, language extraction, speech act classification, latent semantic analysis, topic selection, dialogue move generation, and animated agent. AutoTutor responds to the learner in real time and runs of a single Pentium processor.


Based on the passenger boarding and alighting data,simple probability distribution model is used to propose the specific methods of calculating inversely the transit stop OD distribution matrix.The case indicates that it can increase the inverse deduce accuracy to calculate together all stations according to land usage property.


We consider the problems of ray tracing faced when calculating the parameters electromagnetic field in ray approximation. The Shooting and Bouncing Rays (SBR) model is characterized briefly and the disadvantages of its software implementations are specified. The alternative model for ray tracing at flat obstructions is presented using the analytical solutions obtained by means of analytic geometry. The introduced model allows us to avoid the redundant computations that the SBR method requires and, therefore, we can reduce time needed for the tracing tasks solution. The new algorithms for ray tracing after reflection and diffraction are stated and the possibility of their software support studied.


BACKGROUND
Spherical shape and connecting bypass screw of the OT Equator abutment (Rhein83, Italy) provides several retentive possibilities, even in non-parallel implants.

OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the long-term survival of standard-length and short implants receiving this multifunctional abutment.

METHODS
Partially, edentulous patients (44 males and 64 females) (mean age 58.2 ± 10.5 years) rehabilitated with a fixed implant-supported prosthesis where the OT Equator abutments (Rhein83) were applied. Follow-up evaluations were performed up to 5 years following prosthesis delivery. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to determine whether the distribution of time to failure differed based on implant characteristics (length and region), adjusting for sex (α = 0.05).

RESULTS
In total, 216 implants (5 × 8 mm, n = 126; 5 × 6 mm, n = 90) (Betwice, Mech & Human, Italy) were installed. The average follow-up period was 25.3 months (±19.3 months). Eight failures occurred, with most observed before loading (n = 6). Cumulative survival rates (CSR) at implant and abutment levels were 94.3% and 97.1%, respectively. Regarding implant length, CSRs were 97.8% and 90.6% for short and standard-length implants, respectively, with no difference between subgroups (logrank: χ2  = 1.34, df = 1, P = 0.25). No significant difference was also found between implants of maxilla (CSR = 92.2%) and mandible (CSR = 95.5%; logrank: χ2  = 0.08, df = 1, P = 0.78).

CONCLUSION
The OT Equator abutment (Rhein83) showed a stable clinical performance, with continuous and predictable survival.


Part I: A. Conard and D.Vagts Introduction J. Heenen Chapter 1: Partnership and other personal Associations for profit M. Lutter Chapter 2: Limited Liability Companies and Private Companies R. M. Buxbaum Chapter 3: The Formation of Marketable share companies B. Grossfeld Chapter 4: Management and control of marketable share companies P. Van Ommeslaghe, J. Van Ryn and B. Glansdorff Chapter 5: Capital and Securities of marketable share companies. Part II: A. Conard Chapter 6: Fundamental changes in marketable share companies U. Immenga Chapter 7: Company Systems and Affiliation C. Hemstrcm Chapter 8: Associations F. W. Hondius and T. Van der Ploeg Chapter 9: Foundations D. F. Vagts Chapter 10: Securities Regulation - An Introduction J. van Hoorn Jr. Chapter 11: Taxation of Business Organizations D. F. Vagts Chapter 12A: Law and Accounting in Business Associations W. Friedmann Chapter 13: Governmental (Public) Enterprises - Part 1. Concept and Type of Public Enterprises - Part 2. Legal Regime of Public Enterprises - Part 3. Administration and Controls - Part 4. Conclusions.


Use of a simple, publicly placed tool that monitors vaccination coverage in a community has potential to broaden program coverage by keeping both the community and the health system informed about every infant's vaccination status. Use of a simple, publicly placed tool that monitors vaccination coverage in a community has potential to broaden program coverage by keeping both the community and the health system informed about every infant's vaccination status. ABSTRACT The level of vaccination coverage in a given community depends on both service factors and the degree to which the public understands and trusts the immunization process. This article describes an approach that aims to raise awareness and boost demand. Developed in India, the "My Village Is My Home" (MVMH) tool, known as Uma Imunizasaun (UI) in Timor-Leste, is a poster-sized material used by volunteers and health workers to record the births and vaccination dates of every infant in a community. Introduction of the tool in 5 districts of India (April 2012 to March 2013) and in 7 initial villages in Timor-Leste (beginning in January 2012) allowed community leaders, volunteers, and health workers to monitor the vaccination status of every young child and guided reminder and motivational visits. In 3 districts of India, we analyzed data on vaccination coverage and timeliness before and during use of the tool; in 2 other districts, analysis was based only on data for new births during use of the tool. In Timor-Leste, we compared UI data from the 3 villages with the most complete data with data for the same villages from the vaccination registers from the previous year. In both countries, we also obtained qualitative data about perceptions of the tool through interviews with health workers and community members. Assessments in both countries found evidence suggesting improved vaccination timeliness and coverage. In India, pilot communities had 80% or higher coverage of identified and eligible children for all vaccines. In comparison, overall coverage in the respective districts during the same time period was much lower, at 49% to 69%. In Timor-Leste, both the number of infants identified and immunized rose substantially with use of the tool compared with the previous year (236 vs. 155, respectively, identified as targets; 185 vs. 147, respectively, received Penta 3). Although data challenges limit firm conclusions, the experiences in both countries suggest that "My Village Is My Home" is a promising tool that has the potential to broaden program coverage by marshalling both community residents and health workers to track individual children's vaccinations. Three states in India have adopted the tool, and Timor-Leste had also planned to scale-up the initiative.


Research objective: This article reviews the structure of Qādir ʻAlī Beg's historiography and compares it with other Later Jochid sources while considering its historical understanding of the Tuqay Timurids, Shibanids, and Crimean Khanate. In addition, it considers how such texts understood the reorganization of the Jochid Ulus. Research materials: Qādir 'Alī Beg's historical understanding is deeply reflected in the order of dāstāns in the original part. Based on the structure and historical understanding of Qādir ʻAlī Beg's historiography, this article pays attention to the structure of other Later Jochid sources such as: Anonym. Tavārīkh-i Guzīda(-yi) Nuṣrat-nāma, Maḥmūd b. Amīr Walī's Baḥr al-Asrār fī Manāqib al-Akhyār, Ötämish Ḥājī's Chingīz-nāma / Qara Tavārīkh, Abu'l-Ghāzī's Shajara-yi Turk (va Mughūl), and Seyyid Muḥammed Riḍā's Seven Planets in Report about Tatar Rulers. Results and novelty of the research: In general, the Later Jochid states are called "khanates" by the name of the territory or group they ruled. However, when we look at the structure of the Later Jochid sources, including Qādir ʻAlī Beg's historiography, the descriptions in the sources further confirm that each state was recognized by its ruling family. Complementing the history and genealogy, the consciousness of belonging to the "Jochids / Jochid Ulus" was preserved, and it is seen that they recognized their belonging to the "Tuqay Timurids" and "Shibanids." Qādir ʻAlī Beg's historiography and the other Later Jochid sources have a common historical understanding that the Jochid Ulus was reorganized by the "Tuqay Timurids" and "Shibanids." This work inherited the tradition of Turkic-Mongolian historiography; in addition, in this respect this work can be positioned as one of the Later Jochid sources. Against the widespread theory that the fall of the "Great Horde" in 1502 was the fall of the Jochid Ulus (Golden Horde), there is a remarkable ongoing argument that the Crimean Khanate claimed to be the successor of the "Great Horde." On the other hand, from the description of this work and the Shajara-yi Turk, we confirm that no specific information about the Crimean Khanate was brought neither to the Later Jochid states in the east, nor to Kasimov. The relationship between the Crimean Khanate and the other Late Jochid states, the study of historical understanding of the Later Jochid sources and their comparison with the sources of neighboring states is an important issue for future research.


Utilizing Technology, Knowledge, and Smart Systems in Educational Administration and Leadership is edited by Mehmet Durnali. The book was published in 2019 by IGI Global. The book has xxviii+364 pages. The ISBNs of the book for different versions are; ISBN13: 9781799814085, ISBN10: 1799814084, EISBN13: 9781799814108. DOI number of the book is 10.4018/978-1-7998-1408-5.


The fault-tolerant robust control problem for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems with time-delay is studied.For nonlinear uncertain systems with time-delay,based on the fault model of continuous gain,the sufficient conditions for the existence of delay-independent robust fault-tolerant controller are obtained by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method and linear matrix inequality approach when a class of nonlinear uncertain systems satisfies certain norm conditions.And then,the corresponding design methods of state-feedback robust fault-tolerant controllers are given.The computer simulation for nonlinear uncertain system with time-delay shows that the proposed controllers not only enable the systems to possess integrity but also achieve the given performance,and confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.


The potential energy surfaces interact each other and their curvilinear coordinates have the critical information about disturbance at interaction points. Therefore, transition points between parabolic orbits that are solutions of one differential equation with variable coefficients is studied in this paper. Also we present an approach for the chaotic behaviour on transition points of the parabolic orbits


Aim:To investigate the effect of preconditioning with propofol on the expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO1) protein in rat lung tissue during one lung ventilation(OLV).Methods:Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups(6 rats in each group):group C as control;group T,two lung ventilation;and group OL,OR,POL and POR,with right-OLV.Rats in group POL and POR was anesthetized by inhalation of propofol(50 mg/kg) 1 h before OLV.The left lung tissue samples in group C,T,OL,POL and the right lung tissue samples in group OR,POR were collected to weigh and calculate the ratio of wet/dry(W/D),and to measure the expression of HO-1 protein by Western blot.Results:W/D among the 6 groups were obviously different(F = 65.371,P 0.001).W/D in group OL,OR was significantly higher than that in group C(P 0.05).The expression of HO-1 in lung tissue among the above 6 groups were obviously different(F = 72.851,P 0.001).Compared with group C,the expression of HO-1 in group T,OL,OR was dramatically increased;the expression of HO-1 in group POL was higher compared with group OL.Furthermore,there was a remarkable increasing expression of HO-1 in group POR than that in group OR(P 0.05).Conclusion:Preconditioning with propofol can up-regulate the expression of HO-1 and relieve pulmonary edema induced by OLV.


Frida Kahlo is an internationally recognized mexican artist, considered as the great icon of latin american painting, and one of the most valued artists worldwilde. Her life was striked by pain and suffering, tragedies, intense love affairs and a very strong will of life. She also had an important place in mexican politics, and since her adolescence was a member of the Mexican Comunist Party. The present work is the result of a psychoanalytical research about frida kahlo's life and work, through the concept of sublimation. This approach is focused on the most relevant facts about her biography, the ones that allows us to work on the psychoanalytical concept of sublimation.


The present invention provides an ink set for inkjet recording and an inkjet recording method. The ink set for inkjet recording includes: a first ink containing a black dye and a polyamine; and a second ink containing a black pigment having a coat of an anionic resin.


Abstract EGGS are an ideal ingredient for use in the development of new food products because of their functional properties. Examples of two such products which have been developed and patented are those perfected by Gutman (1944) and Long and Long (1960). Gutman (1944) developed a method for precooking and canning egg meats by inserting a tubular insert into a container, filling the container with egg white, and then cooking the white to form a gel. The void left by the cylinder is then filled with egg yolk, the can sealed and the contents sterilized by heating. Long and Long (1960) patented a packaged frozen premixed egg product which can be cooked and thawed in the same operation. One problem common not only to the development of new egg products but also comminuted meat products has been that of obtaining a combination of ingredients that will form a firm texture. In …


Singer, R. Neurotoxicity from Municipal Sewage Sludge. Purpose: To evaluate the neurobehavioral effects of municipal sewage sludge in a family whose members were exposed for 8 or more years. Municipal sewage sludge, a mixture of household sewage along with industrial waste, is routinely applied as fertilizer to some farms in the USA. This complex substance poses a significant neurotoxic threat to farmers, their workers, nearby residents, and possibly to the general population through the food supply. Recently, the FDA attempted to allow food grown with such materials to be labeled as "organic," but is now reconsidering due to massive citizen protest. However, such food is still permitted in the general food supply. In this case, industrial waste in the subject's household water supply included numerous chemicals such as lead (1000 ppb) and manganese (100 ppb) (these values above the maximum concentration levels permitted). Due to the clay under the soil, the drainage flowed towards the subject's property. The family's livelihood, a herd of 150 cattle, deteriorated to the point where they were given up and the property was abandoned. Method: Neuropsychological testing of 7 family members. Results: Based on results of the Neurotoxicity Screening Survey, symptoms consistent with neurotoxicity were found in all. The two children born and raised on the farm have been classified by their schools as mildly retarded and having attention-deficit disorders, although there was no family history of these illnesses. Case 1 was a 56-year-old grandmother in prior good health, with a B.A. degree. Estimated premorbid FSIQ was 114. Current FSIQ was 98, with specific deficits in immediate memory, arithmetic, visual memory, and visuo-spatial organization (scaled scores of 8, 7, 8, 9), visual retention (14 errors), verbal fluency (COWAT of 18), Embedded Figures Test (5 percentile), Expanded Paired Associate Test (1 percentile immediate, 4 percentile delayed), Grooved Pegboard Test (<1 percentile), PASAT (<1 percentile), Stroop (<1 percentile), Trails (<5 percentile), Logical memory (<1 percentile), Visual Search and Attention Test (<1 percentile), with mild anxiety, mild-moderate depression, normal mood, no indication of malingering on several specific tests of this function, and personality testing showing no personality disorders, high levels of conscientiousness and extraversion, low in neuroticism, average in openness and agreeableness. Similar results were found in other family members. Nerve testing found normal sural velocity with low amplitude on the right side. Conclusion: Municipal sewage sludge poses a measurable neurotoxic hazard to nearby residents and farm workers, who need to be informed of possible neurotoxic injury from their exposure, and then monitored using repeated neurobehavioral tests.


Major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety are known as a widespread public health problem treated with sertraline, a class of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) drugs as first-line therapy. However, clinical evidence showed that MDD and anxiety therapy with sertraline has not been optimal due to patient non-compliance associated with adverse drug events (ADE) occurring. A literature search on sertraline clinical study was conducted on the PubMed and Science Direct electronic database in April 2020. A total of 12 articles from 5.664 articles have been selected at the initial screening. A total of 6 articles used sertraline as a testing drug in MDD patients, 2 articles used sertraline as testing drug in anxiety patients, 2 articles with sertraline as a comparative drug, 1 article with sertraline as a positive control, and 1 article with sertraline as an adjuvant in MDD patients. Studies on these articles were carried out worldwide from 2010 to 2019. ADEs that occur due to the use of sertraline were: gastrointestinal disorders, nutritional and metabolic disorders, central nervous system disorders, sweating, sleep disorders, irritability, eye disorders, as well as disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Nausea is the most common ADE of sertraline. ADEs are affected by several factors such as, age, the sertraline combination therapy, and alcohol consumption.


Basing on the analyses on adult higher education teachers' status in our country and the studies on the theory of adult higher education,we expound teaches' function in adult higher education in this paper. In order to realize teachers' function,we also put forward the knowledge,ability and professional morality structure that adult higher education teachers must build themselves and the countermeasure of improvement of teachers' quality in our country's adult higher education.


Rifapentine, a synthetic derivate of rifampicin which was developed in 1965, has interesting pharmacological properties, including a long terminal half-life (13 h, compared to 2–3 h for rifampicin) and promising bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite being approved in 1998 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, its global use has been limited by unavailability. In the past decade, new evidence has emerged to define rifapentine as a key component for treatment of active disease and latent infection with M. tuberculosis (LTBI). Lack of access to rifapentine in Europe denies patients optimal care for active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection, and deprives healthcare providers of adequate tools to pursue tuberculosis control and elimination https://bit.ly/3jz85eh


The invention provides a method for cultivating green sand-living bean sprouts and sprouting vegetables. The method comprises the steps of bean selecting, rinsing, bean scalding, bean soaking, germination accelerating, sprout disc preparing, disc laying, and disc covering with river sand in sequence. The bean sprouts prepared through the method are thick, strong, straight, upright and orderly and have original-ecology mouthfeel, the method has the advantages of being easy to operate, indoor occupied space is small, the cycle is short, workload is low, cost is low, yield is high, and safety and reliability are achieved.


The goal of this study was to examine the danger of six North Korean underground nuclear tests to the regional safety associated with deadly earthquakes and volcanoes. Geological instabilities at Cretaceous granites were triggered by North Korean nuclear tests to induce the enhanced seismic impacts on earthquakes in China, Russia, Japan, Taiwan (China), South Korea, USA, Ecuador, Vanuatu, Indonesia, and Mexico after lag times between the nuclear test site and individual epicenters. It is urgent to prohibit North Korean nuclear tests for the regional stability of surrounding countries with Cretaceous granites.


Captain Cook has been marked again and again as culturally and historically significant. Even mentioning his name risks a set of responses. The challenge in attempting to interrupt Cook as only a historical figure is that he already works through replication and chaotic proliferation that solemnly monumentalise him with a fake reason and at the same time popularise him in delirious rhyme. The commonality and repetitiveness of Cook may therefore be considered a part of the ongoing invention of the 'historical' Cook as an always incomplete effort to install Cook as the 'original' Australian. But perhaps some of the ways we learn Cook that fall outside narrative and outside orders of reason may constitute an affective remnant of an embodied knowing that there was, and is, a 'before Cook'. Those remnants could disrupt the ways in which Cook is understood as national origin and historical figure and let us experience instead the nonsense of Cook, in the present.


"This article offers an ecocritical reading of The Waste Land, arguing that Eliot's magnum opus can be read as an ecopoem that anticipates the woes of the Anthropocene, finding evidence for this in the many references to the human-induced environmental degradation and anthropogenic detritus that are scattered throughout the poem. In the aftermath of the Great War, amidst the disintegration of the mind of Europe in an increasingly secularised world, Eliot strives to find solace not only in the spirit, but also in the more-than-human world as represented by mountains, water and birdsong that emulates the sound of dripping water. Yet in Eliot's conceptualisation, the more-than-human world is tinged with the transcendent and the divine, as his ecologism is deeply ethical and spiritual."


Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates, especially due to cardiovascular disease. This may be an effect of metabolic alterations in lipoprotein, glucose and urate turnover. The few previous reports studying this matter have been inconclusive and have included only hypercalcaemic patients.


PURPOSE: To obtain an aq. coating compsn. especially suitable for forming a coating on a plastic substrate. CONSTITUTION: An aq. coating compsn. is based on a polyol containing an ammonium group and a polyisocyanate and may contain a pigment and/or an extender, a usual lacquer additive and at least one org. solvent. This compsn. contains (A) at least one (meth) acrylic copolymer as a binder neutralized by an acid having a hydroxyl value of 20-150 mgKOH/g and an amine value of 10-150 mgKOH/g based on a solid resin and having at least one group reactive with an isocyanate and (B) at least one polyisocyanate which may be blocked as a crosslinking agent, and 2-50 wt.% of the solid binder resin of (A) may be replaced with at least one separate binder and the components A, B are allowed to be present so that the ratio of the whole of the isocyanate reactive group in the binder component (A) and the blocked and unblocked isocyanates in the component (B) is 1:0.5-1:3. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1963.

PLEASE NOTE: page 103 seems to be missing from the thesis. We believe that this is a page numbering mistake on the author's part, and that no content is actually missing.


We present a new approximate joint selection theorem which unifies Michael's theorem (1956) on continuous selections and Cellina's theorem (1969) on continuous ε-approximate selections. More precisely, we show that, given a convex-valued H-upper semicontinuous multifunction F and a convex-closed-valued lower semicontinuous multifunction G with F (x) ∩ G(x) 6= ∅, one can find a continuous function f which is both a selection of G and an εapproximate selection of F . We also prove a parametric version of this theorem for multifunctions F and G of two variables (s, u) ∈ Ω×X where Ω is a measure space. Using this selection theorem, we obtain an existence result for elliptic systems involving a vector Laplacian and a strongly nonlinear multi-valued right-hand side, subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions.


This article examines the use of the term sustainable development in Acts of the Scottish and UK Parliaments. It begins by examining the UK's traditional reluctance to legislate on sustainable development, the more recent reversal of that approach and some definitional issues surrounding the term. It then moves on to consider the sustainable development provisions in detail examining their form, strength and limits, and how they can be monitored, reviewed and enforced both inside and outside court. The article concludes that over and above any symbolic value, in many instances the provisions also have legal significance. The formulations vary and while some are simply material considerations to be used in decision-making, those which set out mandatory requirements such as reports do create binding legal rules. Furthermore, there are a few examples where the duty or objective is set out as a clear legal rule that could be interpreted as providing a framework for decision-making.


Every year, South Korean medical field is undergoing significant shortage of residents, especially in the field of surgery. Therefore, hospitals hire physician assistants(PA) to cover for short-staffed physicians and increase the quality of medical care. PA's perform medical checkups, surgery assistance, prescription, anesthesia, and directing nurses to aid physicians. Foreign nations like the United States and Canada produce highly skilled PA's via official PA training programs and standardized license exams, and PA's are allowed to perform limited medical practice. However in South Korea, lack of legal basis for PA's eligibility, training program, and range of allowed medical practice causes social problems like unlicensed medical care and medical accident. South Korea's objective for PA program is significantly different from that of the United States and Canada. In those countries, purpose of PA is to aid and cover for primary care, whereas South Korean PA program is used for remedying surgeon shortage problem and hospitals' business purposes, such as cost reduction and treatment time saving. This study criticizes implementing a new occupational field based on foreign PA policy will cause numerous problems and limits due to the difference of purpose. Therefore, establishing a new management& operating system for medical support persons considering patient safety, supply of health medical manpower, medical field requirements and characteristics of different medical institutions will be a realistic solution. Tasks for PA's should be categorized and trained accordingly so that PA's quality increases. Also, appropriate reward system, athority, and eligibility of PA's are required according to their experience and ability. Registered nurse(RN) in South Korea is recognized as professional medical personnels that went through systematic education. This study suggests improvising RN program and utilizing it will be a efficient and realistic alternative solution for this problem.


Abstract As the term of Industry 4.0 becomes more and more relevant with each passing day, it is up to researchers and companies to find solutions to integrating all the technologies it covers. One of those technologies, even though not highly developed, is simulation and building Cyber-Physical Systems for gathering data and improving the production processes. In the research described in this paper, we focused on integrating production data with simulation models in order to make the process of understanding and learning about complex production systems as simple and as quick as possible. This paper contains three sections. The first one introduces the theoretical fundamentals of our research. The second one focuses on the methods used to create a digital model of production system. The final one discusses the results of the conducted experiments, and their impact on further research.


Axial Seamount is an active submarine volcano located at the intersection of the Cobb hot spot and the Juan de Fuca Ridge (45°57′N, 130°01′W). Bottom pressure recorders captured co‐eruption subsidence of 2.4–3.2 m in 1998, 2011, and 2015, and campaign‐style pressure surveys every 1–2 years have provided a long‐term time series of inter‐eruption re‐inflation. The 2015 eruption occurred shortly after the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Cabled Array came online providing real‐time seismic and deformation observations for the first time. Nooner and Chadwick (2016, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah4666) used the available vertical deformation data to model the 2015 eruption deformation source as a steeply dipping prolate‐spheroid, approximating a high‐melt zone or conduit beneath the eastern caldera wall. More recently, Levy et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1130/G39978.1) used OOI seismic data to estimate dip‐slip motion along a pair of outward‐dipping caldera ring faults. This fault motion complicates the deformation field by contributing up to several centimeters of vertical seafloor motion. In this study, fault‐induced surface deformation was calculated from the slip estimates of Levy et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1130/G39978.1) then removed from vertical deformation data prior to model inversions. Removing fault motion resulted in an improved model fit with a new best‐fitting deformation source located 2.11 km S64°W of the source of Nooner and Chadwick (2016, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah4666) with similar geometry. This result shows that ring fault motion can have a significant impact on surface deformation, and future modeling efforts need to consider the contribution of fault motion when estimating the location and geometry of subsurface magma movement at Axial Seamount.


Focus group methodology was used to obtain qualitative data in a group discussion, field demonstration situation on the perceptions of South Carolina family forest owners relating to practice efficiency and economic feasibility of invasive species control methods. Chemical control methods were emphasized. Focus group research is common in forestry, but group interviews are rarely performed in the field. Focus group interviews took place on sites where various herbicide treatments were implemented for Chinese privet control. Discussion centered on factors that made treatments appear effective in terms of both control and cost. Focus groups were divided into two groups; one with and one without a primary timber production objective. Forest owners expressed concerns about the cost effectiveness of treatments with regards to timber value, and the possible need for expensive multiple treatments, cost-share incentives, and treatment guarantees from herbicide applicators. Field focus groups proved to be a valuable tool to gauge forest owner perceptions of chemical control methods effectiveness in terms of both perceived control results and cost. An unexpected result was a strong feeling among the forest owners that focus groups are a powerful demonstration tool.


The article highlights the main aspects of the computerization of education as a technological breakthrough in the methodology, organization and implementation of the educational process and the information culture of the teacher. There has been intense occurrence of information technology in human life, the learning process of schools and universities. Examines the relationship between the processes of informatization of society and education. Allocated a number of unquestioning benefits of computer networks to the already existing learning technologies and the main directions of information technologies in educational process.


Mainly analyses several cases of signal level variation in CATV system,and also points out practical methods to be consulted by workers in CATV system.


With the proliferation of various new modalities, in Medical Imaging, there has been a need for compatible hardcopy. In order to render color or colorized images, for diagnostic imaging, it is necessary to have high quality hardcopy. Thermal media has the necessary characteristics to display images emanating from most of the new medical imaging modalities. Furthermore, new image presentation techniques are enabling the display of some medical images, which could only be displayed using silver halide media.


This article traces the remarkable physical transformations that Catholic objects experienced during the Protestant Reformation in England. It identifies a previously undiscovered trend in which medieval reliquaries were systematically emptied of their relics, dismantled, and re-formed as new tableware vessels between the mid-sixteenth and mid-seventeenth centuries. Through a sustained interrogation of the surviving physical evidence—alongside analysis of contemporary conduct literature, household manuals, wills, and sermons—the article argues that the spiritual power of these divine objects was not diminished once they were refashioned and recontextualized within the early modern home but rather was revived and adapted to new uses. In doing so, the article not only offers a framework for approaching a neglected body of historical artifacts, but also argues that the wider processes of England's Reformation incorporated modes of both transformation and continuity


O steosarcoma is a primary malignancy of bone with a high tendency to metastasize if not properly treated. Although it may occur at any age, the peak incidence is in the first and second decades of life. It is mostly located in areas with rapid bone growth, such as the distal femur, proximal tibia, or proximal humerus. The current treatment strategy for osteosarcoma includes preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy, surgical resection, followed by postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy. Chemotherapy protocols include doxorubicine, cisplatin, ifosfamide, and methotrexate. A recent addition is immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies. Prognostic factors include metastatic disease, the size and location of the tumor, response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and remission after surgery. The response to chemotherapy can be measured by the percentage of histologic necrosis in resected specimens with a good response being more than 90% of tumor necrosis. Surgical resection requires wide margins (according to the guidelines set by Enneking et al. in 1980 that are still used today). Over the last years, limb salvage has become the standard, not the exception. Limb salvage can be achieved through a number of options apart from the use of a prosthesis, including primary rotationplasty in which the foot is used as a ''neo-knee joint.'' Many modifications have been described since the first of these operations was performed by Borgrevve in 1927 for tuberculosis. Also, allograft or autograft procedures (e.g. tibia for femur procedure) are possible but have a high incidence of complications. The mainstay of treatment for young individuals is wide resection with endoprosthetic reconstruction using a modular system. In the maturing skeleton, expandable systems that ''grow'' with the patient's limb are being used. However, infections caused by the lengthy operating time and the wide resection of tissues have been reported to occur in up to 20% of patients. Also, loosening and limitation of joint movement often occur. If loosening or prosthetic infection occur, revision procedures are problematic because of the primary loss of tissue, and often a high amputation is required. We present a case of a 22-year-old patient with an infected expandable prosthesis after resection of a distal femoral osteosarcoma for which an unusual and modified limb salvage procedure was performed.


Automatic vending machine for selling a large number of container. The vending machine includes a shelving system, and a sales belt system which is placed around the shelving system. .FIELD 1


Due to the recent development of transmission X-ray tubes with very small focal spot sizes, laboratory-based CT imaging with sub-micron resolutions is nowadays possible. We recently developed a novel X-ray nanoCT setup featuring a prototype nanofocus X-ray source and a single-photon counting detector. The system is based on mere geometrical magnification and can reach resolutions of 200 nm. To demonstrate the potential of the nanoCT system for biomedical applications we show high resolution nanoCT data of a small piece of human tooth comprising coronal dentin. The reconstructed CT data clearly visualize the dentin tubules within the tooth piece.


In spite of profound industrial restructuring and access to technological innovations in various stages in the garment trades, in production, outdated industrial structures, homeworking and 19th century working conditions still exist in Paris. This paper focuses on these traditional structures and the role immigrants play in them. It is argued that the imperatives of garment production fostering flexibility and small unit size have made this sector attractive to immigrants capable of responding adequately to industry's requirements. It is further being argued that the immigrants tend to occupy positions and play the role their predecessors have played in the past: that of workers and intermediaries. This paper illustrates how they relate to one another and to those in positions that are normally not occupied by them. It raises the issue of ambiguity of boundaries and categorisations ranging from workers to employers


This study provides a new assessment of Merton's anomie/strain theory and fills in several gaps in the literature. First, using the data from the sample of adolescents in an especially suitable and interesting setting, post-Soviet Ukraine, it investigates the applicability of the theory to this context and reveals that predictive powers of anomic strain may be influenced by larger sociocultural environments. Second, it evaluates the possibility of theoretical elaboration of Merton's theory through identifying contingencies such as external constraints on behavior and finds limited support for moderating effects of perceptions of risks of sanctioning and social bonds on anomic strain–delinquency relationships. Finally, it confirms that additional clarifications of the concept of anomic strain may be promising.


versial (11). In patients with scoliosis ossified ligaments are identified less easily than in the normal spine and dural perforations occur more frequently, but scoliosis itself is not associated with a higher rate of failure of epidural anesthesia than normal (12). In a recent case series, it was suggested that ultrasonography (US) may be helpful in inserting epidural catheters in the scoliotic spine (9). In our patient, we had no problems in inserting an epidural catheter. Postoperative pain treatment must be prospectively planned in children undergoing multiple surgical interventions. Because of ongoing stress, fears and sometimes lack of cooperation, we considered epidural anesthesia to be a good solution for our frightened uncooperative patient. Past reports of the anesthesia care of MPS patients have been limited to infants and focused mainly on airway management. The anesthesia plan for a patient with Escobar syndrome must consider possible difficult intubation, problematic venous access, and psychological problems because of multiple surgery. Special attention must be paid to postoperative analgesia and lumbar epidural anesthesia may be a good option. Ludmyla Kachko M D* Cari Maria Platis M D* Osnat Konen M D† Elchanan Bar On M D‡ Alex Tarabikin M D* Jacob Katz M D* *Department of Anesthesia †Department of Pediatric Radiology ‡Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Unit Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tiqwa and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (email: firstname.lastname@example.com)


Graphite powder derivatised with 4-nitrophenyl moieties (NPcarbon) can be used to successively attach other chemical species to the graphite surface in a controlled and selective manner. Characterisation of these novel materials was undertaken using electrochemical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) techniques. We demonstrate the proof of concept of this "building-block" chemistry by first reducing the nitro groups on the NPcarbon using a Sn–HCl reduction to the corresponding aniline-like moieties, and then coupling p-nitrobenzoic acid to these via an amide-linkage. Next we demonstrate the utility of this novel derivatisation method by coupling poly-S-benzyl-L-cysteine to the reduced NPcarbon in an analogous manner. After deprotection of the thiol groups using Na in liquid ammonia, the poly-L-cysteine derivatised carbon (PCcarbon) was found to complex cadmium(II) ions. Quantitative analysis of the uptake of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions at pH 5.0 by PCcarbon was carried out using stripping-voltammetry at a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode and revealed that PCcarbon complexed 137 ± 20 mg of Cd2+ per gram of modified PCcarbon.


*6-BRoMo-PIPERONAL has been condensed with malonic acid in the presence and absence of pyridine, in the presence of a pyridine-piperidine mixture and in the presence of glacial aeetic acid. Two products have been obtained and identi¡ 6-bromo-piperonylacrylic acid and 6-bromo-piperonylmalonic acid. As in the case of piperonal-malonic acid condensation (Ku¡ and Pandya, a 1934; Pandya and Vahidy, 1936~), the yield of bromopiperonyl-acrylic acid has been excellent, reachhag up to the theoretical at best (in the pyridine-piperidine mixture, according to Robinson and ShinodalO).


An increased prevalence of coeliac disease (CD) in patients with type 1 diabetes has been well documented in past decades. In most studies, it is about 10 times higher compared to the general population. In this issue of Acta Pædiatrica, Hansen et al. present a populationbased study of patients with type 1 diabetes in the county of Funen, Denmark, adding further information about the relationship between these diseases (1). The authors demonstrate a prevalence of around 10%, which is two to three times higher than is usually described in European populations. They also verify reports that CD patients have an earlier onset of diabetes and more often have thyroid autoantibodies. CD in type 1 diabetes is commonly clinically silent, but most of the patients in this study had symptoms or diseases related to CD. Interestingly, this was not obvious until a second history was taken and the result of the antibody testing was known. The association between type 1 diabetes and CD leads to a series of questions: Is the association just a parallel phenomenon with a common genetic basis? Or does one of these diseases predispose to the other, and, if so, which comes Ž rst? Could type 1 diabetes even be a gluten-dependent disease and might it be possible to prevent diabetes or reduce its effects through early CD diagnosis and treatment with a gluten-free diet (GFD)?


A new wavelength division multiplexed-radio over fiber (WDM-RoF) access network architecture, which is capable of transmitting both a 63-GHz wireless data and a 2.5-Gb/s wired one at the same time, is proposed in this paper.


A common interest in gene expression data analysis is to identify genes that present significant changes in expression levels among biological experimental conditions. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian approach to make a gene-by-gene comparison in the case with a control and more than one treatment experimental condition. The proposed approach is within a Bayesian framework with a Dirichlet process prior. The comparison procedure is based on a model selection procedure developed using the discreteness of the Dirichlet process and its representation via Polya urn scheme. The posterior probabilities for models considered are calculated using a Gibbs sampling algorithm. A numerical simulation study is conducted to understand and compare the performance of the proposed method in relation to usual methods based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey test. The comparison among methods is made in terms of a true positive rate and false discovery rate. We find that proposed method outperforms the other methods based on ANOVA followed by a Tukey test. We also apply the methodologies to a publicly available data set on Plasmodium falciparum protein.


One of the major principles in healthcare is patient safety. Any intervention in healthcare should be safe, regardless of its benefits. The implementation of laboratory information system (LIS) has a multidimensional effect on the healthcare system. LIS plays a role in medical informatics, consumer informatic and translational bioinformatics. Nevertheless, implementation of LIS impacts patient safety in many different aspects. The aim of this paper is to investigate how patient safety can be improved by laboratory information system. The author conducted this review by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and the World Wide Web (reports, blogs, news) for articles published in English on the following keywords were searched: laboratory information system, patient safety, and quality. We found that there is a broad framework of dimensions to evaluate LIS. The framework is based on two concepts: brain-to-brain loop process, and HOT-fit dimensions. The brain-to-brain loop process can be divided into five phases: 1) pre-test, 2) pre-analytic, 3) analytic, 4) post-analytic and 5) post-test phases. In each phase, LIS provides functions to facilitate performing different tasks. In the HOT-fit model, there are three broad dimensions that need to be analyzed and considered in LIS. These are: 1) Human dimension, 2) Organizational dimensions, and 3) Technology dimensions. LIS plays a critical role in patient safety in the components of this framework. We concluded that Implementation of LIS has certainly a multidimensional impact on patient safety in different aspects on informatics. This includes LIS roles in three field of health informatics: medical informatics, consumer informatics and translational bioinformatics. LIS can integrate these fields to provide safer healthcare.


.............................................................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................ 1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY ................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background to the Study ............................................................................ 1 1.2 Statement of the Research Problem ........................................................... 5 1.3 The Main Research Objective .................................................................... 5 1.3.1 Specific Objectives..................................................................................... 5 1.5 Significance of the Study ........................................................................... 6 1.6 Scope of the Study ..................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................... 7 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 7 2.


In this work, the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of suspensions of Au nanoclusters encapsulated into hybrid block copolymer micelles was investigated by using the Z‐scan technique, employing 35 ps, 532 nm laser pulses. The block copolymer used for the encapsulation of the Au nanoclusters was poly (isoprene‐b‐acrylic acid) (PI‐PAA). The real and imaginary parts of the third‐order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) of the dispersions were determined and were both found to be of the order of 10–13 esu for Au concentration ranged between 1 to 20 mM and of positive sign. All dispersions were exhibiting strong optical limiting action. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


I always feel bad if I know that I leave personsclients in the wake of my professional work. Usually they don't get what I think they are in need of because I am driven by what the politicians have...


Supervised dimensionality reduction has emerged as an important theme in the last decade. Despite the plethora of models and formulations, there is a lack of a simple model which aims to project the set of patterns into a space defined by the classes (or categories). To this end, we set up a model in which each class is represented as a 1D subspace of the vector space formed by the features. Assuming the set of classes does not exceed the cardinality of the features, the model results in multi-class supervised learning in which the features of each class are projected into the class subspace. Class discrimination is automatically guaranteed via the imposition of orthogonality of the 1D class sub-spaces. The resulting optimization problem - formulated as the minimization of a sum of quadratic functions on a Stiefel manifold - while being non-convex (due to the constraints), nevertheless has a structure for which we can identify when we have reached a global minimum. After formulating a version with standard inner products, we extend the formulation to reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces in a straightforward manner. The optimization approach also extends in a similar fashion to the kernel version. Results and comparisons with the multi-class Fisher linear (and kernel) discriminants and principal component analysis (linear and kernel) showcase the relative merits of this approach to dimensionality reduction.


ABSTRACT Holography has a unique ability to record objects, and the volume surrounding them, in such outstanding hi-fidelity that we believe we are seeing those objects, not recordings or facsimiles of them. This provides us with a spatial and temporal transport system, allowing the movement and display of spaces or objects which are not physically 'there'. This text explores our comfortable assumptions about being in one place and looking into another. It circumnavigates Heidegger's complex observations related to the philosophical aspects of 'being', using, instead, the subliminal simplicity of our own experiences which help us know where we are and where the rest of the world appears to be. The opportunities for holography to allow objects to be in two places simultaneously are explored, with reference to pioneering artists who have examined, and made visible, some of these opportunities. The holographic 'window' is acknowledged and work by the author using holography and projected light installations, made specifically for the series of Alternative Document exhibitions, is referenced in connection with these observations and the framework of the alternative, ephemeral, document.


Measurements of hysteresis losses W(h0, Hb) at several fixed amplitudes h0 versus a static bias magnetic field Hb collinear to h0 and directed along the length or the width of a VTi ribbon which exhibits significant magnetic anisotropy, are reported and are very well reproduced exploiting bulk pinning alone hence neglecting equilibrium diamagnetism and surface barriers. Families of curves of D≡W(h0, Hb)/W(h0,0) vs z≡Hb/h0 at various fixed h0 were calculated for planar and cylindrical geometry, neglecting surface steps, using the simple formulas μ0 jc=dB/dx=α/B, α/B0.5, α/B0.1, α[1−(B/Bc2)], and α/(B+Δ) for the bulk critical current density. For slab geometry and the first four functions listed, the curves of D vs z are independent of h0/H* when h0<H* (the first full penetration field) and z<zd with zd dependent on h0/H*. This decoupling of D from h0 occurs when xp, the maximum penetration of the flux disturbance during the cycle of the applied field, does not reach the midplane X. Closed form expressions ...


The objective of this study was to test whether a single winter prebloom foliar application of low-biuret urea would increase the yield of 30-year-old 'Washington' navel orange trees ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) on Troyer citrange rootstock (C. sinensis 'Washington' x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.). All trees received a winter (November to January) soil application of urea (0.5 kg N/tree). Trees were maintained under irrigation or irrigation was withheld from 1 Oct. to 1 Mar. To determine the optimal time for foliar urea application, trees in both irrigation main plots received one application of low-biuret urea in mid-November, mid-December, mid-January, or mid-February applied at a rate of 0.16 kg N/tree. There was a set of control trees that only received the soil application of urea. Trees receiving foliar-applied urea in mid-January or mid-February, independent of irrigation treatment, had significantly greater yield and fruit number per tree each year than the control trees for 3 consecutive years. The number of fruit with diameters of 6.1 to 8.0 cm increased significantly as yield increased ( r 2 = 0.88). Withholding irrigation from 1 Oct. to 1 Mar. had a negative impact on yield. Annual winter application of low-biuret urea to the foliage did not significantly increase leaf total N at the end of 3 years.


ABSTRACT Alaska Clean Seas (ACS) participates in several programs involving the local schools, communities, and regulatory agencies. The programs range from short-term 2-day training sessions to longer-term industry training or internships. They provide both classroom and hands-on training opportunities. Personnel participating in these programs may be used to supplement daily ACS activities when needed and can be included on the list of trained personnel in planning for a major event. The programs work both ways. Not only do they assist in educating the communities and agencies, but they also provide an insight to ACS of the communities' concerns. They also open a means for effective communications both before and in the event of an incident. In the event of a major oil spill, public interaction is required to keep people informed of response efforts. Alaska Clean Seas' public outreach programs provide the education on the considerations, methods, and tactics utilized during a spill. Providing this infor...


Kevin Rudd MP was elected Leader of the federal Labor Opposition on 4 December 2006. As Leader, he immediately gave Labor a record winning margin in political opinion polls as it entered election year 2007. In an address to The Sydney Institute on Wednesday 18 July 2007, Kevin Rudd argued that the good economic times Australia was enjoying were not the result of good government policy and that 'the role of a prudent government (just like a prudent family) is how you best prepare for a future when external conditions are not nearly so kind'.


'A200' and 'Sahand' are productive and late-blooming almond cultivars but their selfsterility traits make many problems in their pollination and fertilization. Therefore these cultivars selected to study for receiving to self-fertile with favorable characters mutants by means of gamma-radiation. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different gamma irradiation period on some phenotypic characters of two almond cultivars including 'A200' and 'Sahand'. Experiment was carried out based on completely-randomized design in Sahand Horticultural Research station (Tabriz, Iran). Some shoots of the cultivars were irradiated 0, 5, 10, 30 and 150 minutes by 36 µC (Micro cowry) gamma-ray from Co 60 and then the irradiated buds grafted on 'Azar' other almond cultivar seedlings. After four years from grafting time, some phenotypic characters such as growth vigor, branches angle (tree form), tree height, internodes distance, shoot and leaf density, shoot length, leaf color, petiole length, leaf width and length, bearing type (on spore or 1-year old shoots) were studied. Results showed that irradiation period had significant effects on growth vigor; internodes distance, shoot density, shoots length, leaf color, and bearing. Cultivars showed significant differences in internodes distance, tree height, shoot density, leaf length, leaf color, petiole length. Tree height, internodes distance, shoots density, shoot and leaf length as well as leaf color were significantly affected by interaction between cultivar and irradiation period. In addition, vigorous and wide angle branching by high green color were observed between plants of 'A200' cultivar which irradiated 150 minutes.


Abstract In fall 2010, St. Joseph's College initiated a partnership between the college, Northport VA Medical Center, and Long Island State Veterans Home that provides a therapeutic platform for the integration of the three communities through sustainable and mutually beneficial curricular and co-curricular service and experiential learning programs. In doing so, the partnership dramatically expands the resources of therapeutic recreation to include college students, staff, and faculty who do not possess formal therapeutic recreation training, but who willingly participate in programs offering therapeutic value for veterans. Students benefit through the development of a sense of social responsibility and civic engagement, refined communication skills from intergenerational contact, and a connection between classroom learning and the local community. This paper examines the rationale behind the initiative, the development of its programs, and the benefits for all participants. It will also suggest opportunities for innovative partnerships with other communities served by therapeutic recreation.


Some crustal motions which are precursory to earthquakes are discussed and a system for monitoring such motions is proposed. Studies have shown that the scale of a dilatant region is an indicator both of the magnitude of subsequent earthquake and of the time interval between the earthquake and the precursory phenomena. Monitoring may be accomplished by the use of corner reflectors at sites situated in an array over a given region, such as California, for example, the sites being tracked by means of a laser system operating in the Geopause satellite.


A critical assessment of series of high input teak plantations established by Divisional Manager, F.D.C.M. Ltd., Thane Division has been carried out. Application ofirrigation and fertilizers have definitely shown positive response and has resulted in gains overrainfed plantations. Continuous monitoring of response to irrigation has revealed that except during juvenile stage, there is lack of response to irrigation during winter months i.e. period of dormancy. Claims of spectacular growth with higher inputs round the year made by number of agencies engaged in tree plantation ventures, are thus not supported. A judicious application of irrigation and greater emphasili on genetic improvement is thus stressed.


We have fabricated and measured the properties of micron size single grain boundary junctions and dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). The width of the junctions was varied between 0.25 and 2 microns. The noise properties of SQUIDs made of these junctions have been characterized. The white noise level, 3 × 10−31J/Hz measured at 77 K, approaches the theoretical limit. The source of 1/f noise is identified and associated with critical current fluctuations.


As a kind of special fat-soluble organic compounds with high toxicity,dioxin is severely harmful to environment and human health.Besides,1,6-dichloro-dibenzyl para-dioxin as a precursor of dioxin often exists in some pesticides,and its content in pesticides usually needs to be monitored before putting into use.Thus pyrocatechol was chlorinated with sulfonyl chloride yielding intermediate 4-chloro-pyrocatechol;then 4-chloro-pyrocatechol was allowed to react with 2,6-dichloro-nitrobenzene to give the title compound.The purity of the recrystallized final product was determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography and its structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR and 13C NMR) spectroscopy.Results indicate that the target product has a purity of 99.76%.


There exist complex patterns behind the decisionmaking processes of different individuals across different environments. For instance, in a social recommender system, various user behaviors are driven by highly entangled latent factors from two environments, i.e., consuming environment where users consume items and social environment where users connect with each other. Uncovering the disentanglement of these latent factors for users can benefit in enhanced explainability and controllability for recommendation. However, in literature there has been no work on social recommendation capable of disentangling user representations across consuming and social environments. To solve this problem, we study codisentangled representation learning across different environments via proposing the curriculum codisentangled representation learning (CurCoDis) model to disentangle the hidden factors for users across both consuming and social environments. To co-disentangle joint representations for useritem consumption and user-user social graph simultaneously, we partition the social graph into equal-size sub-graphs with minimum number of edges being cut, and design a curriculum weighing strategy for subgraph training through measuring the complexity of subgraphs via Descartes' rule of signs. We further develop the prototyperouting optimization mechanism, which achieves co-disentanglement of user representations across consuming and social environments. Extensive experiments for social recommendation demonstrate that our proposed CurCoDis model can significantly outperform state-of-the-art methods on several real-world datasets. Department of Computer Science and Technology, BNRist, Tsinghua University. Correspondence to: Xin Wang <xin email@example.com>, Wenwu Zhu <email@example.com>. Proceedings of the 40 th International Conference on Machine Learning, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. PMLR 202, 2023. Copyright 2023 by the author(s).


This paper analyzes the spatial structure of goods market integration in Russia, characterizing regions into three states: (a) integrated, (b) not integrated but trending toward integration, and (c) not integrated and not trending toward integration. Using time series of the cost of a staples basket across 75 regions of Russia for 1994-2000, I exploit a nonlinear cointegration relationship with an asymptotically subsiding trend to capture movement toward integration. The analysis suggests that 36% of Russian regions were integrated with the national market over 1994-2000, 44% were in the process of integrating with the national market, and 20% of regions were not integrated and not trending toward integration.


3085 Background: Accumulating data indicate that the efficient induction of antigen-specific CTLs characterizing viral infections is caused by cross-priming where infected DCs produce an unique set of inflammatory factors that recruit and activate non-infected "bystander" DCs. Accordingly, we have developed a cellular adjuvant consisting of activated DCs producing high levels of DC-recruiting and DC-maturating factors in a sustained fashion. This concept doesn´t require MHC-compatibility between injected cells and the patient and therefore introduces the possibility of using pre-produced and freeze-stored DCs from healthy blood donors as an "off-the-shelf" anti-tumor vaccine when injected intratumorally. Methods: 12 patients with newly diagnosed mRCC (5 with poor prognosis according to Heng criteria) where included in a clinical phase I/II study. Vaccine cells (50 doses) were produced from a leukapheresis-product from one healthy blood donor and subsequently deep-frozen. 5-20 x 10(6) vaccine cells were in...


The invention discloses a polymer composite side bearing wear plate which is suitable for the field of rail freight. The main body of the plate is a double-layer structure, wherein the upper layer is a wear resistant layer made of a wear resistant material, and the lower layer is an enhancement layer made of a glass fiber reinforced plastic material; and the wear resistant material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-22 parts of sepiolite fiber, 4-6 parts of glass fiber, 6-10 parts of kaolin, 1.5-2.5 parts of aramid fiber, 5-9 parts of graphite particle, 1.5-2.5 parts of copper fiber, 0.5-1.5 parts of titanium stone powder, 3-5 parts of crystalline flake graphite, 4-8 parts of bauxite and 0.5-1.5 parts of inorganic composite fiber. In the invention, the friction coefficient of the polymer composite side bearing wear plate has small change under the influences of temperature and humidity, thus the friction coefficient is stable, which is beneficial to the improvement of the stability of an elastic side bearing gyroscopic resistance moment so as to further improve the stability and the reliability of the running properties of a heavy-load speed increased freight car.


Environment pollution tax is to levy on destroying and polluting environment, and improve its cost in order to limit pollution and protect environment.


This study was undertaken to determine the Online Searching in PTAR Puncak Perdana. The overall purpose of the study was To discover the effectiveness on using online databases, To identify problems that users faced while using online databases and To identify on the awareness level of library users on online databases provided in the library. The method that been use for this study is distribution of questionnaire to sample among the group of students in UiTM Campus Puncak Perdana. 100 sets of questionnaires would be distributed to the five different faculties that are Faculty of Information Management, Faculty of Mass communication and Media, Faculty of Technology Creative and Artistic, Faculty of Accountancy, and Academy of Language Studies. The contents have been organized five parts. The first part is to analyze the background of students. The second part focuses on the effectiveness of online searching. The third parts focus on the problems on online searching. The fourth part focuses the awareness of online databases by the users. In the last part, is about the suggestions made by users. It will require users to give their opinion on how to improve the online services in the library, especially online databases.


Innovation of public sector has been greatly advocated and supported in China, and numerous so-called local innovations have emerged. Are they really innovations or just imitations from others? Through a quantitative comparison analysis with 66 so-called innovations in performance management of China's local governments, we find that these innovations show more similarities than differences to each other, and they are imitations rather than innovations. Further, we argue that the 'de facto federalism' of China's power structure, the incentive of China's bureaucratic system, and the organizational culture of the public sector may result in such an outcome that rhetoric innovation is much more than substantive innovation


The integrated competitiveness of mineral resources include not only the mineral resources occurrence influence,but also the development and marketing capacity of the mining and processing.This paper applies the APH to evaluate precisely the integrated competitiveness of tungsten resources in 7 provinces including Jiangxi in 2005.A background value has been adopted in data processing in order to have consistency and comparability in the unit-removed data,which proved to be effective by the evaluation results.The model is of stability by its sensitivity analysis,largely reducing impact from arbitrarily assigning weights.


The Dieterici fluid model can be applied for describing the growth of the dark energy amount and the expenses of dark matter leading to a transition between decelerating and accelerating phases of the Universe. This may challenge the Generalized Chaplygin Gas paradigm. However, in this paper we will show that the cosmic chronometers data do not favor the Dieterici proposal because of the tension between the estimates of the cosmological parameters when different redshift ranges of the cosmic history of the universe are considered, and because the model would be affected by a Big Rip singularity. Our analysis relies on a Bayesian Machine Learning technique which allows us to place tight constraints on our forecast.


Taking 48 listed companies' annals in 2006 of Fujian province as the sample for study,contrasting with what was issued by China's Securities Regulatory Commission on 26 December 2005: The second content and format principle of company's information disclosure about negotiable securities in public circulation-the content and format of annual bulletin(it's short for the principle of number 2 in the following text),the article sums up the content of company's voluntary disclosure of information and discusses the relationships among the content of the voluntary disclosure of information and the company's performance,"wearing cap"and"taking off cap"and the company's size and so forth.Finally,the article puts forward related policies and suggestions from the perspective of listed companies' internal governance structure,investors about securities as well as state and social supervisions.


A method for Hubzundungsschweisen with direct current, wherein a welding part (100) with a workpiece (200) at a joining point (300) is welded, wherein first in a pilot Tromp Hase a Vorstromzeitraum (t the workpiece (200) is operated as an anode, characterized in that the Vorstromzeitraum (t


Paper aims at highlighting certain ground elements for building a new economic conception of human life, adequate to sustainable development in a knowledge society. Methodologically, the conceptual grounds of the research come from re-analyzing human needs. Certain remarks concerning the needs pyramid are assumed, in the light of the knowledge society requirements and also consistent with the state of actual data. Connections with genuine European roots and also with invoked future development scenarios are made. Conclusive critical conclusions and proposals for long and mainly very long term result, in (and from) the light of the invoked issues.


This paper analyzes the existing assistant facilities of elderly apartments based on ergonomics and the "people-oriented" design principles.Then the article enumerates its problem of design.What's more,the article sums up the design methods and ergonomic design principles of the assistant facilities that are suitable for the elderly to use by combining with physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly as well as the differences between the elderly and the disabled,in purpose to protect the personal safety of the elderly who lives alone,make their lives more convenient.


For the famous formulas of pipes and ducts, for example, Weisbach's formulas of the pressure loss coefficients in entrance flush with wall at arbitrary angle, abrupt contraction, miter bend, and so on, it is still not clear whether some of these formulas could be derived from a simple flow model or not. In this paper, analysis was conducted by using linear momentum theorem for these equations from to the macroscopic point of view. It was found that these formulas could be derived as modified equations of the equations obtained by using the momentum theorem. In the second report, the pressure loss coefficient of miter bends (elbows) and the effect of inner rounded corner (r/D) were examined.


Atrophic scars after acne are a widespread condition that can have a negative impact on the patient's quality of life. Correction methods for acne scars include chemical peeling, dermabrasion, ablative or non-ablative laser resurfacing, filler insertion and surgical techniques. Depending on the type and severity of the scar, an individual approach is required to obtain satisfactory results.Material and methods. Under observation were 61 patients with various manifestations of post-acne. Among them 21 (34.44 %) men and 40 (65.57 %) women. Depending on the therapy, the patients were divided into two groups and two subgroups depending on the type of scar. Efficiency was evaluated using ultrasound scanning.Results. The RF microneedle method and fractional photothermolysis have a positive effect on the epidermo-dermal structure of the skin, which is expressed in the approximation of the acoustic density and thickness of the epidermis and dermis to normal values. The most pronounced positive effect in both methods was noted in the correction of post-acne hypertrophic scars. When analyzing the results of correction of atrophic scars, more pronounced positive dynamics was observed after the use of RF microneedles.


To ensure the equipments work in the trouble free operation and a good energy saving effect,constructed an equivalent circuit model for multi-cranes common DC bus energy-saving systems.By introducing the hybrid dynamic systems theory,estabilished the power grids rectifier model based on hybrid automata,and extended an activity cycle diagram(ACD) to build models for hybrid systems.Based on this hybrid ACD,established a controlled power source model.Finally,simulated the power and voltage of the common DC bus to verify the reasonableness of the proposed model.The main contribution of this paper was to provide a simulation benchmark of the multi-motor energy-saving system for further research.


This article analyzes the content of communicative approach,communicative approach to financing college English writing classes should follow the principles of research in English Writing Class Communicative Approach as the specific method.


In this article I provide an empirical analysis of the term structure of interest rates using the affine class of term-structure models introduced by Duffie and Kan. I estimate these models by combining time series and cross-section information in a theoretically consistent way. In the estimation I use a Kalman filter based on a discretization of the continuous-time factor process and allow for a general measurement-error structure. I provide evidence that a three-factor affine model with correlated factors is able to provide an adequate fit of the cross-section and the dynamics of the term structure. The three factors can be given the usual interpretation of level, steepness, and curvature.


Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) have been widely applied on the electric sources of many kinds of electronic devices. However the structure of interface between electrode and electrolytic solution in EDLCs has not been clarified though it is very important in the fundamentals of the basic problems. The interface structure in EDLCs with aqueous electrolytic solution was presented at first because the structure have been studied on the interface between solid electrode and aqueous electrolytic solution for long period. Then the concept was introduced to the interface between electrode and organic electrolytic solution. Possible structure of the interface in EDLCs was discussed in connection with the properties of solutions and the pore structure of activated carbon electrodes.


Aim To investigate the status of management of diabetes among type 2 diabetic patients of retired military officers in Beijing area.Methods There 515 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were investigated by cluster sampling in the Beijing military officers.The levels of height,weight,resting blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,postprandial blood glucose and serum lipid were determined.Results The level of 28.54% of the subjects were in the range of optimal fasting glycemic control,The percentage of HbA1c6.5% among all the subjects was 25.24%.The percentage of blood pressure130/80 mmHg was 31.07%.The percentage of serum cholesterol4.5mmol/L among all the subjects was 41.17%.The percentage of triglyceride1.5mmol/L among all the participants was 22.33%.The percentage of HDL1.1 mmol/L among all the participants was 39.81%.The percentage of optimal levels of glycemic,blood pressure,and serum lipid among all the subjects were only 5.28%.Conclusion Only 5.28% of all the type 2 diabetic patients under management were up to the standard of optimal rate for control of levels of glycemic,blood pressure and serum lipid.Thus the type 2 diabetic patients be systematically and intensively managed.


Drug-drug interactions between azoles and calcineurin inhibitors can cause issues for organ transplant specialists. Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of solid-organ transplant recipients with invasive aspergillosis infection are lacking. Here, we present a patient who developed pulmonary aspergillosis after liver transplant. The patient had prolonged treatment with echinocandin that was not effective. A drug-drug interaction between azoles and tacrolimus caused issues for the clinical physician. We adjusted the doses, and the patient was successfully treated. A reduction in the tacrolimus dose, intensive monitoring of associated parameters, and elimination of risk exposures are important for a favorable outcome.


BACKGROUND
Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS) is a rare disorder which mainly affects adolescent men. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of hypersomnia, usually accompanied by hyperphagia, cognitive and mood disturbances, abnormal behavior such as hypersexuality, and signs of dysautonomia.In 1990 the diagnostic criteria for Kleine-Levin Syndrome were modified in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, where it was defined as a syndrome composed of recurring episodes of undue sleepiness lasting some days, which may or may not be associated with hyperphagia and abnormal behavior.The etiology of Kleine-Levin Syndrome remains unknown and several treatment strategies have been used. Some medications have been reported to provide some benefit for the treatment of Kleine-Levin Syndrome patients, but because of the rarity of the condition no long-term follow-up therapies have yet been described.

OBJECTIVES
This review aimed to evaluate:1. whether pharmacological treatment for Kleine-Levin Syndrome is effective and safe; and 2. which drug or category of drugs is effective and safe.

SEARCH STRATEGY
We obtained relevant trials from the following sources: the Cochrane Epilepsy Group Specialized Register (1 December 2007); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2007); MEDLINE (1966 to December 2007); EMBASE (1980 to December 2007); LILACS (1982 to December 2007); reference lists of sleep medicine textbooks; review articles and reference lists of articles identified by the search strategies.

SELECTION CRITERIA
All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized controlled trials looking at pharmacological interventions for Kleine-Levin Syndrome. We included both parallel group and cross-over studies.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors (MO and CC) extracted the data reported in the original articles.

MAIN RESULTS
No studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Therapeutic trials of pharmacological treatment for Kleine-Levin Syndrome, with a double-blind, placebo-controlled design are needed.