Recent results proposed optimal zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) methods for non-collaborative space division multiple access systems when the base station (BS) as well as the subscriber stations (SS) are assumed to be equipped with multiple antennas [1]. Previous work assumes that fading across the transmit antenna elements at the base station (BS) is un- correlated and that there is no co-channel interference (CCI) at each of the SS. This paper extends this work in two different ways. First, we show that similar to the case of iid channels as shown in [1] the right singular vector of the channel matrix is still the optimal choice for the SS beamforming vector when the channels are spatially correlated. Secondly, we consider the effects of CCI on each SS and propose optimal receive beamformers for the SS in the presence of CCI. Further, we derive expressions for the average SNR obtained by each user under the above constraints. We verify our theoretical results using simulations.


The southeastern of Yunnan metallogenic belt is an area with many large- super large deposits in the Metallogenic Province of South in China. The mineral deposits in the area are densely distributed and the geological structure is complex. This article studies the joints (cracks) of the super large bed in the Bainiu factory in this area, a total of 21 joint observation points, 685 groups of occurrence structural surfaces were observed, and uses Dips software to analyze the joints (fissures) in the mining area. It is concluded that there are three periods of tectonic stress in the mining area, which are closely related to the mineralization, there are North North West-South South East, North East-South West, and South-North.


The control of oxidative processes in the in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos using additives might be an alternative approach to improve embryo cryotolerance. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of βmercaptoethanol (βME) on the cryotolerance IVP of bovine embryos, in two experiments. In Experiment I, IVP embryos were vitrified at the blastocyst stage on Day 7 of development. After warming, embryos were in vitro-cultured in medium containing 0, 50 or 100 μM βME for 72 h, when hatching rates were assessed. The best βME concentration in Experiment I was used in Experiment II. In Experiment II, following IVM-IVF, presumptive zygotes were in vitro-cultured in the presence (CIV treatment) or absence of βME, for 7 days. Excellent and good embryos quality were vitrified; after warming, embryos were randomly allocated to one of two sub-groups and cultured in fresh SOF medium supplemented (CPA treatment) or not with βME an extra 72 h until the hatching blastocyst (HBL) stage. Experimental groups were composed as following: G1 (βME-free medium during CIV and CPA); G2 (βME only during CPA); G3 (βME only during CIV); G4 (βME during CIV and CPA). In the Experiment I, a higher hatching rate was observed when using 100 μM βME concentration. In Experiment II, the use of βME during CIV did not affect cleavage rates (G1, 80.2% vs. G3, 81.1%). However, βME affected development to the blastocyst stage (G1, 28.0% vs. G3, 43.8%). Additionally, following vitrification, βME supplementation during CIV, with or without addition in the CPA, improved re-expansion rate (CIV 84.0% and CIV/CPA 87.5% vs. control 71.0%). The βME in the CPA improved hatching rates (G2, 58.1% and G4, 63.8%) compared with groups without the additive (G1, 36.6% and G3, 42.0%). Moreover, the presence of βME neither during CIV or CPA, or even during both culture periods, increased total cell number in HBL from vitrified embryos. In conclusion, the addition of βME during the CIV period did not affect cleavage, but reduced blastocyst yield. Despite that, βME supplementation during the CIV period increased the cryotolerance of the resulting blastocysts, expressed by an increasing in the reexpansion rate, whereas βME supplementation during the CPA period improved embryo survival after the vitrification process, manifesting by higher hatching rates and higher total cell numbers in HBL.


Introduction The Probe team is delighted that Building Research & Information (BRI)'s Special Issue on Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) has led to these important contributions from world experts in building performance. Monitoring and feedback are essential to learning and improvement. When innovating, you need to know how well you have done, to Ž nd out what you need to improve and if there are any unintended consequences. Even if what you are doing is completely routine, feedback is essential to quality control. There are high costs in not undertaking effective feedback.


The wide use of pesticides has led to the contamination of surface and groundwater which compose the main sources of drinking water worldwide. In drinking water production plants, sand filters are used for removing iron and manganese oxides. Although the concentrations of pesticides in environmental waters are typically within the μg/L range, the high water flow in these sand filters might cause growth of micro-organisms adapted to degrade pesticides or their degradation products. To investigate this hypothesis, mineralization of bentazone, 2methyl-4-chloorphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) was examined in sand filter material sampled at 8 Belgian drinking water production plants differing in water source, water flow rate and contamination level.


We estimate the age distribution's impact on carbon dioxide emissions from 1990 to 2006 by exploiting demographic variation in a panel of 46 countries. To eliminate potential bias from endogeneity or omitted variables, we instrument for the age distribution with lagged birth rates, and the regressions control for total population, output, and country and year fixed effects. The increase in the share of the population aged 35 to 49 accounts for a large portion of the observed increase in carbon dioxide emissions.


Transgenic expression of a tagged protein under control of its native promoter is the typical strategy to investigate tissue-specific accumulation and subcellular localization of a protein of interest. In some cases, difficulties in promoter identification, altered promoter function when placed in a new genomic context, and variability between transgenic lines can complicate such experiments. Crispr/CAS9-enabled homologous recombination to insert a tag in frame with an endogenous gene could circumvent these problems. Apart from work at a few loci used to test gene targeting (GT) protocols, there have been relatively few reports of GT to knock-in protein tags in Arabidopsis thaliana, and little data of whether expression of the knock-in allele accurately reflects that of the wild-type gene. We investigated these questions using a two-stage GT procedure where a starter line expressing hyper-accurate CAS9 (hypaCAS9) under control of the Egg Cell1.1 (EC1.1) promoter was transformed with an mCitrine (YFP) donor sequence flanked by homology arms for homologous recombination at the N- or C-terminal ends of the stress-responsive genes At14a-Like 1 (AFL1) and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase 1 (P5CS1). We observed high frequency GT to generate in frame fusions of YFP at either the N- or C-terminus of AFL1 and at the N-terminus of P5CS1. AFL1-YFP was produced from the knock-in locus; however, the N-terminal knock-ins disrupted AFL1 and P5CS1 expression. These results show that the combination of EC1.1 promoter and hypaCAS9 along with selection of a starter line with strong hypaCAS9 expression produced good GT frequencies, indicating that this approach can be feasible to knock-in or replace sequence at many loci. However, we also offer a cautionary tale that insertions generated by GT can interfere with gene expression for reasons which are yet unclear. Further refinement of this approach is a potentially useful tool to produce tagged proteins from their endogenous genomic loci.


In this paper we intend to reflect on the importance of language learning from an intercultural perspective. In recent years this approach has become an essential aspect of the foreign language classroom, where cultural diversity is a fact of life. This inclusion facilitates individual and collective reflection on one's own and other people's environment and allows for a positive consideration of differences, i.e. reflection from this point of view makes it possible to consider different cultures as something enriching for one's training as an individual and, furthermore, to awaken an interest in foreign cultures. In this way, the learner will develop the ability to interact with others, to accept and value other cultural perspectives and to mediate between them. In this sense, numerous studies have been carried out in recent years in which the intercultural component has been revealed as a key aspect, highlighting the role of cultural learning as something intrinsic to languages and, therefore, as a fundamental aspect in the process of teaching and learning foreign languages.


Aim To (1) describe termite functional diversity patterns across five tropical regions using local species richness sampling of standardized areas of habitat; (2) assess the relative importance of environmental factors operating at different spatial and temporal scales in influencing variation in species representation within feeding groups and functional taxonomic groups across the tropics; (3) achieve a synthesis to explain the observed patterns of convergence and divergence in termite functional diversity that draws on termite ecological and biogeographical evidence to‐date, as well as the latest evidence for the evolutionary and distributional history of tropical rain forests.


Ethnographic research and house-by-house census data provide the basis for a study of changing ecology and demography, their interrelationship and their social organizational implications in a Himalayan Hindu farming village and its region over a 15-year period. Among the processes analyzed are: modest population increase among land-owning high castes as contrasted to net population decrease among exploited low castes; relatively low fertility rate; strategies of adjustment in family and household composition in order to optimize the ratio of people to land; "polyandry" as an example of such adjustment. Implications of these phenomena for development in the region and for the future of these and other Himalayan peoples are discussed.


This paper presents the development of second-by-second vehicle emission models under hot stabilised settings and variable speed, acceleration, air-to-fuel ratio and torque conditions using Australian fleet data. The models were developed using 27 passenger and light commercial vehicles with more than 64 500 instantaneous observations obtained from dynamometer tests. Both neural network and regression analysis models were developed to predict fuel consumption and pollutant emissions at different levels of speed, acceleration, air-to-fuel ratio and torque. The results showed that modelling individual vehicle emissions provides superior results to an aggregate modelling approach in which a lcharacteristicr vehicle is used to represent dissimilar vehicle populations. The best performing models from the two modelling approaches showed high degrees of correlation between predicted and actual data (e.g. 96%n98% accuracy for prediction of fuel consumption, 85%n87% accuracy for prediction of hydrocarbons, 70%n90% accuracy for prediction of carbon monoxide, and 88%n97% accuracy for prediction of nitrogen oxides (NOx)), depending on the type of passenger and light commercial vehicles being modelled. Finally, the paper highlights some of the advantages and shortcomings of the two modelling approaches when considering a universal model to predict multiple emissions outputs. The models developed in this study will provide researchers and practitioners with a better understanding of the environmental impacts resulting from a wide range of transport schemes in the Australian context.


Based on Geometrically Based Single-Bounced(GBSB) statistical model,a TDOA/AOA data fusion location algorithm is proposed.The position of MS is calculated by TDOA location algorithm and AOA location algorithm,then the position of MS is determine by data fusion location algorithm.The simulation results indicate that the location accuracy is significantly improved and the performance of this algorithm is better than that of TDOA location algorithm and AOA location algorithm in NLOS environment.


Summary form only given. The dense plasma focus PACO (2 kJ, 31 kV, 250 kA, Mather-type gun) gives an average neutron yield Y=2/spl times/10/sup 8/ when it is operated using D/sub 2/ at an homogeneous pressure p=1.5 mb in the discharge chamber. In this p-static operation, the frequency of good shots (Y>10/sup 7/) is f/spl ap/50%. In this work we show the results on Y and f when PACO is operated in gas-puff way with two different modalities: a) A gas cloud is injected into the vacuum, from a set of holes distributed in a diameter of the inner electrode near of the Pyrex insulator. The pattern of the high density cloud front and its dynamics, is determined using a very fast density probe, and the profile of this front is verified with shadow photographs illuminating the cloud with an exploding wire device. b) With a relative low value of p in the discharge chamber (p=0.5 mb) a jet of high density D/sub 2/ is injected along the axis from the inner electrode just in the focus zone. The cone pattern and its dynamics were experimentally determined through the same diagnostic methods used in the case a).


First principles calculations show that two-body forces are sufficient to describe interactions of He with fcc Cu and bcc Nb. This property is explained directly from calculated charge density distributions and used to construct a Cu–Nb–He interatomic potential that predicts accurate He impurity energies despite not being fitted to them.


ESTRO 35 2016 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ linked to a virtual RA plan into the Eclipse TPS. Two full arcs with photon beam energies of 6MV and 30°/330° complementary collimator angle were set.. Two evaluation groups, consisting of 5 new knowledge based plans (KBP) each, were used to validate LR and IR models. KBP were compared with clinical plans (CP) in term of PTVs homogeneity, using HI = 100X (D2% D98%)/D50%, and DVH endpoints, as shown in table 1.


Abstract
The laryngeal tube is increasingly being used for prehospital airway rescue. However, its exchange for an endotracheal tube can be challenging and risky. No best technique to achieve this end is yet accepted. We report three


In this paper, experimental investigations using a model of the EBLS and 3-D magnetic field computations were carried out to find out the optimal position of an reference sensor outside the EBLS that can attenuate the magnetic disturbances inside the EBLS effectively and the degree of disturbance of the EB.


This paper presents a review of six mashup makers from an End User Development (EUD) perspective. The fast-paced development of mashup makers and related research in the last two years has created a wealth of features and approaches. To provide an overview of EUD support in current state-of-the art mashup makers, we explore, summarize and compare their features across six different themes (Levels of Abstraction, Learning Support, Community Support, Searchability, UI Design and Software Engineering Techniques). We found that the mashup makers provide many features to support end users, but there is still much room for further improvement. These results can be used to guide both research and tool design. User studies that reveal the difficulties in using mashup makers and comparisons of different notations are likely to be especially fruitful research opportunities.


Objective:To investigate the role of SHP-2 [a non-transmembrane type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) containing two SRC homology 2 (SH2) domains] in the invasion and metastasis of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in vitro and in vivo. Methods: This study constructed recombinant plasmid SHP-2-green fluorescence protein (GFP) (SHP-2-GFP) and SHP-2CS-GFP, respectively. The two plasmids were transfected into breast cancer MCF-7 cells to establish two cancer cell lines: SHP-2-GFP-MCF-7 cells and SHP-2CS-GFP-MCF-7 cells. The cell migration was detected by fluorescence microscopy and the growth of the different xenografted tumors in nude mice was observed. Results: The SHP-2-GFP-MCF-7 cell lines showed a higher cell migration ability, and tumor growth was observed in the nude mice after injection of SHP-2-GFP-MCF-7 cells; migration ability of MCF-7 cells was significantly weakened after transfection of recombinant plasmid SHP-2CS-GFP and no tumor growth was observed in the nude mice after injection of SHP-2CS-GFP-MCF-7 cells. Conclusion:The tyrosine phophatase SHP-2 could promote the invasion and metastasis of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in vitro and in vivo.


In a new method for electroplating of metal on a patterned dielectric layer having contact openings having a small diameter and trenches with a large diameter, a Pulsinversionselektroplattierungssequenz is modified with a 2-component chemistry so as to fill the contact openings, in essence, while in a subsequent direct current deposition substantial portion of material is deposited to fill the trenches with a large diameter complete. Thus, a good quality control is achieved compared to the conventional electroplating with a 3-component chemistry remain the superior properties of a metal layer which is deposited by means of a 2-component chemistry obtained. The method is particularly advantageous in the electroplating of copper.


Introduction: Choledochal cyst is defined as an isolated or combined congenital dilatation of the extra or intrahepatic biliary tree. Choledochal cyst is not an isolated entity but rather regarded as a constellation of pathological anomalies in the hepato-pancreaticobiliary system. In children, the classical findings include a right upper quadrant abdominal mass, jaundice, and abdominal pain. In the adult, however, it is more complicated. Hence, the diagnosis is often confused with benign disease of biliary tract or pancreas. The most reliable and primary mode of investigation is the ultrasonography. This is followed by cholangiographic modalities like magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, particularly in adults to confirm the diagnosis, to know the associated complications, to know the probable etiology, and to delineate the exact anatomy of the cyst and intraand extra-hepatic biliary tree for surgical management. The management depends on the type of cyst and its associated complications. Choledochal cyst excision with reconstruction through biliary-enteric Roux-en-Y anastomosis rather than cyst drainage alone has become the mainstay of the treatment for most types of choledochal cysts. Exceptions to this are the treatment of Type-III and Type-V choledochal cysts, where they were managed conservatively with stenting, sphincterotomy, and hepatectomy for liver transplant, respectively. Aim: This study aims to study the age and sex, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities used in detection, complications, and surgical management of choledochal cyst in Osmania general hospital over the period of January 2016–November 2017. Materials and Methods: The present prospective clinical study includes 20 patients of all ages having choledochal cyst presented to the department of general surgery and surgical gastroenterology in Osmania general hospital. All the patients have undergone both medical and surgical management. The medical management includes pre-operative stenting with 8F/10F double pigtail stent to reduce the levels of jaundice and control of cholangitis before surgery. Surgical includes complete excision of cyst with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, end-to-side anastomosis was done. The patients are observed postoperatively for complications such as wound infections, bile leak, pancreatitis, and cholangitis and the results were analyzed. Results and Conclusions: The incidence of choledochal cyst in Osmania general hospital (admission is 1:100,000) is comparable to Asian population statistics. Incidence among female:male is about 1.5:1. Mean age of incidence is 29 years. Recurrent cholangitis is the most common clinical presentation in this series. Ultrasound abdomen is the primary mode of investigation with 96% sensitivity; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has 100% sensitivity. Type I choledochal cyst is the most common presentation; Types II and V are not encountered. Associated complication incidence in this series is 60%, comparable to western series. The incidence of malignancy is 0% in the present series against 3–8% in western series.


Inspired by the concept of hyperconvexity and its relation to curvature, we translate geometric properties of a metric space encoded by the curvature inequalities into the persistent homology induced by the Cech filtration of that space.


The single-sideband FM noise characteristics of IMPATT diode oscillators for D-band frequencies have been measured by means of a direct-detection system with a high-Q quasi-optical resonator. For an n-type silicon single-drift IMPATT diode a ?frms of 11 Hz/?Hz and a noise measure of 37 dB at 137.5 GHz and 26 mW output power was determined.


In this study we report bone mineral density (BMD) changes during clodronate and antioestrogen treatment in women with breast cancer having discontinued hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at the time of operation compared to women who had not used HRT immediately before the operation. 61 postmenopausal women with operable breast cancer were treated with the adjuvant antioestrogen tamoxifen 20 mg or toremifene 60 mg daily for 3 years. All patients were randomized to clodronate (1.6 g daily orally) or control groups for 3 years. 23 patients had recently (recent users) and 38 never or not for at least 1 year before operation used HRT (non-users). BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured before antiresorptive therapy (antioestrogens and clodronate) and at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years thereafter. All patients were disease-free at the time of BMD measurements. Patients who had recently used HRT had more significant bone loss as compared to HRT non-users at 3 years in lumbar spine – 3.0% vs. + 1.2% (P< 0.001), but not in femoral neck – 0.4% vs. + 1.7% (P = 0.27). Adding 3-year clodronate treatment to antioestrogen therapy improved BMD marginally at 3 years: lumbar spine + 1.0% vs. –1.7% (P = 0.01) and femoral neck + 2.4% vs. –0.4% (P = 0.12). This was also seen at 5 years of follow-up, 2 years after termination of the antiresorptive therapy: HRT recent users vs. HRT non-users in lumbar spine –6.5% vs. +0.5% (P< 0.0001) and in femoral neck –4.8% vs. –1.5% (P = 0.38); and clodronate vs. controls in lumbar spine –1.0% vs. –3.2% (P = 0.06) and in femoral neck –0.1% vs. –5.2% (P = 0.001, respectively). The type of endocrine therapy (tamoxifen and toremifene) had no significant influence on BMD changes. We conclude from this study that postmenopausal women who have recently discontinued HRT experience more rapid bone loss than HRT non-users. Neither 3-year antioestrogen therapy alone nor antioestrogen together with clodronate could totally prevent the bone loss related to HRT withdrawal in lumbar spine, even though clodronate seemed to retard it. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign


JRC Ispra has about 46.000 kg of slightly tritiated heavy water that no longer serves research activities. As the site has no suitable plant to process this liquid, a contract was signed for the transfer of ownership and its transport to the establishment of the future owner. The heavy water has been stored for about twenty years in drums not more qualified for transportation, so that the transfer of the liquid into new IP-3 qualified drums must be performed before its shipment, in order to comply with international and future owner's Regulations. In addition, as the acceptance of the heavy water by the future owner is conditioned to the respect of some quality parameters: title, electrical conductivity, pH, oil, TOC, turbidity, activity, the quality control of the D2O during all operating phases plays an important role. For this reason on-line measurements and a sample taking system for subsequent lab tests have been considered. Taking into account the above, the JRC has developed an operating system for the collection, purification, sampling and re-drumming the various stocks of D2O. A further implementation of the system has been carried out, after discovering an undesired high level of acetone in the heavy water. With the aim to reduce its concentration within the specified limits, a new equipment containing activated carbon has been added. The details and most relevant aspects of the system are presented in this paper, while the results of the operating experience are given in another paper. 1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND JRC Ispra had about 46.000 kg of slightly tritiated heavy water that no longer served research activities. The water has four degrees and has been safely stored for more than twenty years at the ESSOR Reactor (Figg. 1 and 2) in: − 1 tank, called VB01 tank, located at level –11m in room 1120 containing about 10 m of heavy water; − 154 stainless steel drums, each containing about 200 litres liquid, located in a bunker at level –11m. Hereafter are summarised the total inventory and the quality of the heavy water, according to the analysis of 1985:


Quasistatic extension of a penny-shaped crack, which occurs prior to its spontaneous propagation, is studied by means of nonlinear fracture mechanics analogous to the methods used to describe plastic deformation in metals. Wnuk's model of final stretch is employed to describe the displacement and stress fields in the vicinity of the crack border. Three kinds of thermal loadings are considered: (a)prescribed heat flux across the surface of the crack, (b) prescribed temperature difference, and (c) given heat extraction rate resulting from the steady-state flow of a cooling fluid circulating in and out of the crack. The latter case is directly applicable to power-generating geothermal systems. All three problems, if treated by linear elastic fracture mechanics methods, lead to singular thermal stresses around the circumference of the crack. Although the first two problems are of a positive K-gradient nature, i.e., inherently unstable, the third one results in a negative K-gradient. Through the approach used ...


We report a new design of microwave source for X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer. The microwave source is equipped with a digital automatic frequency control circuit. The parameters of the digital automatic frequency control circuit can be flexibly configured under different experimental conditions, such as the input powers or the quality factors of the resonator. The configurability makes the microwave source universally compatible and greatly extends its application. To demonstrate the ability of adapting to various experimental conditions, the microwave source is tested by varying input powers and the quality factors of the resonator. A satisfactory phase noise as low as -135 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset from the center frequency is achieved, due to the use of a phase-locked dielectric resonator oscillator and a direct digital synthesizer. Continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance experiments are conducted to examine the performance of the microwave source. The outstanding performance shows a prospect of wide applications of the microwave source in numerous fields of science.


Valence electron spectroscopic imaging (VESI) techniques, taking advantages of the energy-losses suffered by inelastic scattering of the fast electrons in the transmission electron microscope, offer an inherently high spatial resolution to characterize the electronic structure of materials close to the Fermi level. Here we demonstrate that the combination of an electron monochromator and a highly dispersive imaging energy filter, which has become available only recently, allows reliable measurements of local bandgaps on the nanometer scale. In addition, the correlations of structural, chemical, and optical properties can be revealed via VESI using monochromated electrons with a high spatial resolution.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a compound Chinese medicine washing liquid. The compound Chinese medicine washing liquid comprises the following active pharmaceutical ingredients in parts by weight: 6 parts of kuh-seng, 3-6 parts of herba violae, 3-6 parts of isatis leaf, 2-3 parts of cnidium fruit, 2-3 parts of taraxacum, 1-2 parts of folium cortex eucommiae and 1-2 parts of ginkgo leaf. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the active pharmaceutical ingredients, mixing, soaking with water, and adding cellulase and pectinase to carry out enzymolysis;adding water into the enzymolysis product to extract three times, merging the three extraction filtrates, centrifugalizing, taking the supernatant, adding alcohol into the supernatant to carry out alcohol precipitation, taking the supernatant, and concentrating under reduced pressure; performing decolorization by hydrogen peroxide and adding adjuvants to obtain the compound Chinese medicine washing liquid. The washing liquid provided by the invention is a good hand-skin-care option for medical personnel who need to often wash hands with a washing liquid, and is suitable for currency counting personnel in banks, hygienic antiepidemic personnel and service staff in hotels.


The diversity of vegetative compatibility groups in Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. ta- marii, mycotoxigenic fungi that produce aflatoxins and/ or cyclopiazonic acid in peanut seeds, was examined. Soil samples were collected from a peanut field shortly after planting and peanut seeds were later harvested from the same soil sites. Aspergillus tamarii isolates


Background: Clinical evaluations as fundamental method to prove the efficiency of restorative materials. Aim: This study evaluated the clinical performance of restorative systems during 2 years of clinical service. Materials and Methods: This study assessed the clinical performance of restorative systems (Filtek Z250 and P60), during 2 years of clinical service, using the US Public Health Service system. The randomized and double-blind study comprising thirty volunteers. The restorations were evaluated at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. It was used the following criteria: marginal discoloration (MD), marginal integrity (MI), superficial texture (ST), wear (W), postoperative sensitivity (PS) and recurrent caries (RC). Results: Statistic analysis was performed using Fisher's and McNemar's exact tests and Pearsons's Chi-square in a significance level of 5%. The results at baseline and 24 months for Group I were: MD – 100, 100%; MI – 100, 88.6%; ST – 100, 94.3%; W – 100, 94.3%; PS – 100, 100%; RC – 100, 100%, of alpha scores; Group II: MD – 100, 97.1%; MI – 100, 91.4%; ST – 100, 94.3%; W – 100, 91.4%; PS – 100, 100%; RC – 100, 100%, of alpha scores. It was observed no statistical difference in the evaluated criteria and period. Conclusions: After 24 months of evaluation, both restorative systems exhibited acceptable clinical performance.


PURPOSE: A surface light source device and a display system having the same are provided to automatically correct changes in chromaticity and luminance of illumination light by detecting an intensity of light by an optical sensor. CONSTITUTION: A surface light source device includes a box(1) having an opening(1a), and a diffusion plate(2) disposed in the opening for diffusing incident light. Light sources(4) such as light emitting diodes are mounted in the box. A reflection plate(6) is provided in the box to reflect the incident light toward the diffusion plate. An optical sensor(8) is disposed facing the diffusion plate for detecting light from the diffusion plate. On the reference to the detection value of the optical sensor, a controller controls an intensity of light emitted from the light sources.


In sheep, maternal nutrition can affect the offspring's milk production at its first lactation and the grand-offspring's liveweight to weaning. However, this apparent developmental programming effect on milk production and grand-offspring liveweight has not persisted. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine if nutrition of the programmed ewe in mid- to late pregnancy affected this response. Developmentally programmed ewes (G1) that had been born from dams (G0) offered submaintenance, maintenance or ad libitum feeding levels from Day 21 to Day 50 of pregnancy and then either pregnancy maintenance or ad libitum to Day 140 were used for this study. These ewes were offered one of two pastoral-based pregnancy nutritional treatments (controlled vs unrestricted) from Day 76 of pregnancy until lambing. Pre- and post-herbage masses of the unrestricted treatment (2181 ± 47.6 and 1431 ± 24.6 kg DM/ha, respectively), were greater (P 0.05) in G1 liveweight (70.2 ± 0.8 vs 70.3 ± 0.8 kg for controlled and unrestricted feeding, respectively), or body condition scores (2.5 ± 0.06 vs 2.5 ± 0.05) between pregnancy nutritional treatments. In late pregnancy, unrestricted G1 ewes were heavier (P 0.05) between grand-dam feeding levels and ewe nutritional treatment on lamb (G2) liveweights at birth or in lactation. This indicates that under the conditions of the present study, nutrition of the G1 ewe did not affect the expression of the developmental programming effect. Further studies might be warranted to determine the causes of this inconsistency in grand-offspring liveweight. Nutrition of the G1 ewe had a minor effect (P 0.05) in late lactation or on lamb survival. These findings indicate there is no little to no benefit to the lamb until weaning from offering ewes pre- and post-grazing masses above ~1200 and 800 kg DM/ha, respectively, in mid- to late pregnancy.


NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). You must give appropriate credit to authors and reference this article if parts of the article are reproduced in any manner. Applicable licensing terms are at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 4.0/. The Participation of Tunisian Women in the Construction of Peace: Relevant Participation in the Democratic Transition By Faicel Chaabani


A mechanistic sexuality has increasingly replaced romantic, affective love-making among adolescent Italians. At age 16, the adolescent Italian normally requests some form of contraceptive, usually oral. The kind of contraceptive eventually preferred depends on the relationship - if it is stable, coitus interruptus is normally practiced. The choice of contraceptive is being complicated by conflicting reports as to the side effects of oral contraceptives: reduced risk of endometriotic cancer and tumors in the ovaries but increased risk of in situ carcinoma being directly connected with intense and varied sexual activity. A mass-media campaign against oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices have resulted in the preferred use of condoms and diaphragms. However, some teenage girls perceive these as creating real and emotional barriers in relationships, and dislike the inconvenient use of spermicides, the risk of ruptured diaphragms. Instead they wish to explore their own and foreign body in a more natural way. The authors disagree with the assertion made by 1 study that abortion is considered a normal means of contraception in the 10% of cases where the barrier method fails. Only a minority of teenage girls are faced with the trauma of abortion. Gynecologists face the dilemma of prescribing adequate contraceptives which either guarantee the least number of voluntary abortions (oral contraceptives) or protect against new epidemiological diseases (condoms, etc.) A personalized form of contraception, matching the profile of the adolescent's background and sex habits is recommended. New contraceptive methods are described which will probably become available around 1995.


Education in SMK if harmonized with the business world and industry world (BW/IW) is a synergistic relationship that greatly supports improving the quality of education in SMK, producing graduates who will be used by BW/IW. Industrial work practice is a stage of professional preparation in which a student studies in the industrial world for a certain period of time. Self-efficacy is a child's natural need to think highly of himself. The first conclusion produced was the implementation of the apprenticeship to meet the needs of workers in accordance with the field, the collaboration between the school and the industrial world, the readiness of student knowledge and good communication between the school and the business world. After that the aspect of the evaluation in the apprenticeship program is a change in student scores when tested, a positive response from the industrial world and an evaluation of the guidance of the assistant teacher internship. Secondly, self-efficacy has a positive effect on prakerin in vocational student entrepreneurship activities.


The purpose of this paper is to discuss en-route separation criteria applicable to the supersonic transport. Separation standards are described; equations are given and analysed which show the factors influencing separation; finally, suggestions are made for a supersonic transport air traffic control system for the North Atlantic. The discussion is concerned with longitudinal and lateral en-route separation in a non-radar environment, as opposed to radar separation in the terminal areas. The terminal problems are so complex as to require separate consideration and have been investigated by other authors. An appendix on the derivation of equations expressing statistical parameters of errors and estimated aircraft separation has here been omitted.


Abstract Area sensitivity in songbirds is commonly attributed to increased nest predation in forest fragments. In 1995 and 1996, we tested whether the nest predators and nesting success of an area-sensitive forest bird, the Eastern Yellow Robin (Eopsaltria australis), varied with fragment size, and we also conducted an artificial nest experiment. The study occurred in two small (55 ha) and two large (>400 ha) forest fragments in a matrix of agricultural land in New South Wales, Australia. Predation accounted for 95% of all failures of 282 robin nests, and the survival of robin nests was negatively correlated with how frequently we observed avian nest predators near nests (i.e. nest-predator activity). Of 461 artificial nests, 84% were depredated, nearly all (99%) by birds. Thus, birds were important predators of nests. The abundance, species richness, and activity of avian nest predators were not related to fragment size. Survival of robin nests averaged 19%; nests in small fragments had a 22% chance of producing at least one fledgling compared with 15% in large fragments, but the difference was not significant. Survival of artificial nests averaged 12% in both small and large fragments. Nest-predator activity accounted for the most variation (68%) in the fate of robin nests, followed by the cumulative density of open-cup nesters (16%). The placement of robin nests had no influence on nest fate. We conclude that nest predation was not area dependent and propose food supply as an alternative hypothesis to explain area sensitivity. We suggest that, rather than being related to fragment size, nest predation increases with decreasing forest cover in a landscape. Increased nest predation in fragmented compared with contiguous landscapes may lower the population viability of songbirds in a region, and hence regional numbers. Therefore, the spatial scale at which fragmentation influences nest predation and songbird populations must be considered carefully.


A protocol was developed for in vitro propagation of Rauwolfia serpentina L., using leaf explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of IAA, BAP and KIN. The callus mediated caulogenesis (72.7%) was observed on medium containing IAA (2.0 mg¯1) and BAP (3.0mg−1). The direct caulogenesis (70.4%) was found on the medium BAP (1.5 mg−1) and KIN (1.5 mg−1). The regenerated shoots were transferred to rooting medium containing IBA (0.5 mg−1). After root proliferation, the in vitro derived plantlets were acclimatized and transplanted successfully into the field condition.


This article is an attempt at sociocultural and sociolinguistic studies of texts of the poetic generation of Perestroika, i.e. poets whose "mentality" and "writing style" were formed in the 1970s, and whose active participation in the literary process began in the 1980s. The purpose of the study is to identify the main features of the paradigm of Perestroika (common sociocultural emotions, the system of values, the "passwords" of the epoch, the set of keywords and "things", the general type of semiotic relations and "paradigm-forming" language), reflected in the work of the generation represented by meta-realists I. Zhdanov, A. Parshchikov, A. Eremenko, V. Aristov, A. Dragomoshchenko, etc.), conceptualists (D. A. Prigov, L. Rubinstein, T. Kibirov), and ironists (V. Druk, N. Iskrenko, Y. Arabov). In the study of poetic texts, the author employs corpus and linguocultural comparative analysis methods, determining the key words and concepts of the epoch of Perestroika by means of continuous sampling from specialised dictionaries. Additionally, they are singled out using the method of discourse analysis in political journalism texts. In the poetry of the 1980s–2000s, the author manages to identify reflexes of the concept of "stagnation" in the use of tautologies, and of the "bilingualism" of the Soviet time in the oppositions between "simple" and "complex", "literal" and "poetic", "superficial" and "deep", "Hell" and "Paradise", which is associated with the concept of "personal space" in the context of "unbundling" and "humanisation" characteristic of the restructuring. The article also discusses the parallels of the concept of open world, cooperation and co-creation, "glasnost" and democracy with the principles of building a poetic world and relations with the reader. As a result, the author concludes that the poetry of the 1980s–2000s is naturally incorporated into the socio-cultural and linguistic paradigm of Perestroika.


Recent single image de-haze approaches assume the atmospheric light is the only illumination in one haze image and use a globally constant to image de-haze. However, every local pixels in an outdoor image is actually under the influence of non-uniform illumination in real world. The accuracy of the environmental illumination estimation has a great influence on the result, so the traditional haze image model is defective and not conforms to the facts. In this paper, we refine the haze image model under the consideration of nonuniform illumination, and then we propose a new prior called "bright channel prior" to de-haze single image combining with the dark channel prior. The bright channel prior, which inspired by the dark channel prior [1], is a statistic of haze-free outdoor images. Using this prior, we derive a more accurate environmental illumination estimating algorithm for single image de-haze. Our experiments prove the feasibility of the method we propose and outperform other image haze removal approaches.


This chapter discusses miscellaneous liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver abscess, and nodular regenerative hyperplasia. It explores definitions of the diseases, their etiologies, typical symptoms, uncommon symptoms, demographics, natural history, complications, diagnostic approach, other diagnoses that should be considered, prognosis, and treatment.


Though numerous scholars have studied subjective time, its predictors and effects, the general model considering demographic variables, cultural values and level of wellbeing is not presented. This study seeks to bridge this gap by contributing a comparative study of two very different countries: Ecuador (N=745, aged 19—76, 48.7% male), a Latin American developing country, and Russia (N=428, aged 18—72, 40.2% male), an emerging Eurasian nation. We assumed that temporal focus plays the role of a mediator in the relationship between cultural values and subjective happiness in both countries. To predict the temporal focus (Temporal Focus Scale by Shipp, Edwards, and Lambert, 2009) in both countries, based on the previous literature the study tests the importance of three groups of variables: demographic factors (gender, age, education, income), subjective happiness (Subjective Happiness Scale by Lyubomirsky and Lepper, 1999), and cultural values (Cultural Values Scale by Yoo, Donthu and Lenartowics, 2011). The first stage of analysis involved confirmatory factor analyses and invariance tests for the scales used. Subsequently, multiple regression models made it possible to establish that sociodemographic variables, introduced as covariates, had little influence on the prediction of people's temporal orientation. However, the cultural and psychological variables (long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance and subjective happiness) introduced as predictors played an important role in the prediction of temporal (current, past and future) focus. Additionally, there are some cultural and psychological predictors of temporal focus specific for each country. Ultimately, structural equation models demonstrated that temporal focus plays the role of the mediator in the relationship between cultural values and subjective happiness in both Ecuador and Russia.


Let TP, TQ (Fig. i.) be tangents to a conic, C its centre, S, H its foci, 2a and 2b its axes. From S draw a perpendicular to TP and produce it to its image S′; then we know that S′T = ST, angle S′TP = PTS, and S′H = major-axis = 2a. Similarly with a perpendicular drawn from H to TQ and produced to its image H′. Thus the two triangles S′TH and STH′ are equal, and the angles S′TS, HTH′, and therefore the halves of these angles, are equal, that is, "the tangents from T are equally inclined to the focal distances of T.′


Poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET reacted with various glycols in the presence of titanium tetraisopropoxide as a catalyst. The glycolyzed PET was fractionated into two parts—soluble and insoluble in CHCl3—characterized and used as a raw material to synthesize copolyesters. The soluble part in the CHCl3 part was a mixture of monomers and oligomers, and no melting points were observed. On the other hand, in the insoluble part a melting point was determined. The glycolyzed PET and copoly(succinic anhydride/ethylene oxide), PES were condensed to produce copolymers. The synthesized copolyesters were amorphous and hydrolyzed enzymatically due to a decrease in the crystallinity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1838–1847, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10462


It has developed for about18years since the establishment of the high level trackfield team.At the same time,the high level trackfield team has been one of the most important items in the high level teams.But,confronted with the contradiction between the sports and the education,the high level trackfield has emerged much restricted factors.Therefor,it is significant to deal with these problems properly.


1. Introduction 2. Definitions for the wave breaking 3. Detection and measurements of the wave breaking 4. Fully non-linear analytical theories for surface waves and numerical simulations of the wave breaking 5. Wave breaking probability 6. Wave breaking severity 7. Energy dissipation across the wave spectrum 8. Non-dissipative effects of the breaking on the wave field 9. Role of wave breaking in the air-sea interaction 10. Conclusions: what else do we need to know about the wave breaking? References Index.


Chapter 1. Bones and Joints Chapter 9. Flexibility Training Chapter 17. Building Rapport and Customer Care Chapter 21. Resistance Exercise Using Free Weights.


The new possibilities of the Gillespie-Nyholm model in the interpretation of the stereochemistry of compounds of nontransition elements have been demonstrated on the basis of an analysis of original reports from the last 10 years in this review. Anomalies in the structural chemistry of compounds of p elements have been discussed with consideration of the definitely restricted nature of the ideas underlying the model, which idealizes interelectronic interactions.


Background: Trevo is a nutritional supplement with numerous bioactive natural products, with detoxifying and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of Trévo to protect against oxidative stress induced by lead in the kidneys of male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-five healthy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of seven rats each, using a randomized design. I=control; II=15 mg/kg of lead acetate (PbA); III=2 ml/kg of trevo+PbA; IV=5 ml/kg of trevo+PbA; V=5 ml/kg of trevo. Animals were treated with trevo for five days before co-administration with lead intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days. Animals were sacrificed 24hr after the last administration, blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture, and processed for assessment of urea, creatinine, and uric acid (UA), while the kidney samples were excised and processed for the following biochemical assays: Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Reduced Glutathione (GSH). Results: Injection of PbA caused a significant increase in the serum levels of urea, creatinine, and uric acid, and a significant increase (P<0.001) in the MDA concentration, and decreases in GSH concentration, CAT, SOD, and GST activities (P<0.05) as compared to the controls. Pretreatment with trevo prevented the oxidative stress induced by lead acetate in the kidney tissue samples and improve the renal function. The protective effect was evident at 5 ml/kg of trevo. Conclusion: The results showed that trevo was nephroprotective against lead toxicity and the activity might be linked to the presence of numerous antioxidant phytochemicals present in trevo.


This paper describes measurement methods in car navigation systems CD- ROM, searching methods, and future road traffic systems. TEXT IN JAPANESE


Background— A "renal dose" of dopamine is often used to increase renal blood flow; however, data on the magnitude of effect and site of action in patients with heart failure are scarce. Methods and Results— Renal effects of intravenous dopamine (1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1) were evaluated in 13 patients with chronic heart failure. Renal blood flow was calculated from renal artery cross-sectional area measured with intravascular ultrasound and renal blood flow velocity-time integral measured by the intravascular Doppler technique. Cross-sectional area increased and was significantly higher than baseline (0.30±0.04 cm2) at 5 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 (0.36±0.05 cm2) and 10 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 (0.38±0.06 cm2). The velocity-time integral was significantly higher than baseline (22±3 cm) at doses of 3 and 5 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 (both 31±4 cm). Renal blood flow increased, whereas renal vascular resistance decreased, reaching statistical significance at 2 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 through 10 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1. Cardiac output gradually increased, reaching statistical significance at doses of 5 and 10 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 (5.5±0.5 and 6.1±0.7 versus 4.5±5.2 L/min at baseline), but the increase in renal blood flow appeared proportionately larger than corresponding increases in cardiac output. Conclusions— Dopamine is associated with an increase in renal blood flow in patients with heart failure. This effect is due to dilation of both the large conductance and small resistance renal blood vessels. Further evaluation of the efficacy and safety of dopamine for improvement of renal function in hospitalized patients with heart failure is warranted.


In this paper, we present an integrated approach for proximal guidance and control of a docking vehicle during its terminal rendezvous and approach ∞ight phases. The paper particularly focusses on one rendezvous orbit transfer sequence in the Space Shuttle's standard approach protocol of orbit-raising maneuvers during its approach to ISS: from MC4 (mid-course point 4) to MC5 directly beneath the Space Station. In addition to the relative position and velocity requirements in this transfer, optimal attitude pointing requirements are imposed on the shuttle, as this transfer is in close proximity and the shuttle must orient so that its Trajectory Control Sensor (TCS) can maintain line of sight to the ISS docking port to acquire ISS-relative navigation (relative position, velocity and attitude). The performance of the optimal relative translation and orientation guidance and control is shown in this paper utilizing the distinct, known mass properties and state dispersions from 7 recent shuttle missions (STS114-STS121). We use model-predictive control (MPC) to deflne and solve the optimal transfer guidance problem. The approach divides the problem into separate translational and associated attitude trajectory design phases that operate sequentially and replan at each guidance update period, consistent with MPC designs. To solve the attitude guidance problem, we introduce a method that analyzes a series of constrained optimal control problems at various candidate attitudes and torques to best achieve the desired translational trajectory synthesized in the previous step; the (optimal) attitude control problem is produced from a robust regression analysis of the optimal trajectory solutions. A linear programming solver selects and optimally schedules the vehicle jets to deliver the desired body force and torque commands subject to range-dependent plume impingement constraints imposed for safety of the ISS at ranges closer than 1000 ft.


Here, we improve our previous bound on the number of finite fields over which elliptic curves of cryptographic interest with a given embedding degree and small complex multiplication discriminant may exist. We also give some heuristic arguments which lead to a lower bound which in some cases is close to our upper bound.


ZrB2 - 20v% SiC - 20v% TaSi2 was oxidized in stagnant air for ten minute cycles for times up to 100 minutes at 1627 C and 1927 C. The sample oxidized at 1627 C showed oxidation resistance better than that of the standard ZrB2 - 20v% SiC. The sample oxidized at 1927 C, however, showed evidence of liquid phase formation and complex oxidation products. The sample exposed at 1927 C was analyzed in detail by scanning electron microprobe and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy to understand the complex oxidation and melting reactions occurring during exposure. The as hot-pressed material shows the formation of a Zr(Ta)B2 phase in addition to the three phases in the nominal composition already noted. After oxidation, the TaSi2 in the matrix was completely reacted to form Ta(Zr)C. The layered oxidation products included SiO2, ZrO2, Ta2O5, and a complex oxide containing both Zr and Ta. Likely reactions are proposed based on thermodynamic phase stability and phase morphology.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver, among indigenous inhabitants of Africa and it may present as solitary or multiple lesions often running a rapidly fatal course. Presented is a case of a 25 year female in apparent general good health with a giant solitary hepatocellular carcinoma.
 HCC should be considered in the diagnosis of a right upper quadrant/epigastric mass even when it assumes a gigantic proportion in an apparently healthy patient. Keywords : Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Giant, Solitary Tumour. Nigerian Journal of Surgical Sciences Vol. 17 (2) 2007: pp. 125-128


In this paper we study theoretical properties of multigrid algorithms and multilevel preconditioners for discretizations of second-order elliptic problems using nonconforming rotated Q 1 finite elements in two space dimensions. In particular. for the case of square partitions and the Laplacian we derive properties of the associated intergrid transfer operators which allow us to prove convergence of the W-cycle with any number of smoothing steps and close-to-optimal condition number estimates for V-cycle preconditioners. This is in contrast to most of the other nonconforming finite element discretizations where only results for W-cycles with a sufficiently large number of smoothing steps and variable V-cycle multigrid preconditioners are available. Some numerical tests. including also a comparison with a preconditioner obtained by switching from the nonconforming rotated Q 1 discretization to a discretization by conforming bilinear elements on the same partition, illustrate the theory.


The invention discloses a method and a device for checking a storage battery internal resistance tester. A checking circuit is formed by connecting a standard rheostat, an alternating/direct current meter, a standard direct current source, a frequency meter, an emergency stop button, a changeover switch and the storage battery internal resistance tester to be checked, the storage battery internal resistance tester which employs a direct current discharging method and/or an alternating current impedance method is checked, and resistance relative errors and/or frequency relative errors of a product to be checked are obtained. By adoption of the method and the device, checking of the measuring accuracy of a storage battery internal resistance tester product in delivery and using periods can be accomplished. The invention has the characteristics of simplicity and convenience for operation and accurate and reliable check result.


Primary glomerular disease, secondary glomerular disease and tubulo-interstitial nephritis was 111(76.03%); 25(17.12%) and 6(4.11%) respectively. Among patients with primary glomerular disease, 41 (36.94%) cases were due to minimal change disease (MCD), 31(27.93%) focal segmental glomerulonephritis (FSGS), and 23(20.72%) IgA nephropathy. Membranous nephropathy (MN) accounted for only 8(7.21%) cases. Among the group of secondary glomerular disease, 14(56%) patients had lupus nephritis.


ANCIENT wills have long been recognised as one of the best and surest sources for a knowledge of the social and religious life of our forefathers in medieeval times. In such publications England led the way, and has kept its superiority up to the present. The Richmond, Durham, and York wills of the Surtees Society, and the Bury wills of the Camden Society, have given. almost a new colour to archeeological research. The recently published Lincoln and Bristol wills, though not of the same value in many respects, help in the same direction. In regard to the present volume of Wells Wills it may be safely said to have an-interest of its own, even by the side of the wellknown earlier collections: and for this reason. Whilst the Surtees volumes are largely filled with long wills of distinguished personages, the present work may be said to contain only wills of the inhabitants of small country parishes. In a word, what the numerous volumes of the Surtees Society have attempted to do for all classes, and have certainly succeeded in doing for the upper, Mr. Weaver's volume does for the great bulk of the people in such a typical agricultural county as Somerset. The object of the work is best described in the author's own words. It is composed of " extracts from the whole of the wills contained in the first two books of wills at the District Probate Registry, Wells.


The two-spot razorfish, Iniistius bimaculatus (Ruppell, 1829), of
the family Labridae is being reported for the first time from
Visakhapatnam waters. A single specimen was collected from
the fishing harbour at Visakhapatnam on 22 March, 2012. The
total length and the weight of the recorded specimen were 196
mm and 43.7 g. Morphometric and meristic measurements
were taken, photographed and the specimen was deposited in
the Museum of Visakhapatnam Regional Centre of CMFRI. The
present finding highlights the occurrence of this species in
Visakhapatnam waters.


In the article the economic and legal problems connected with small and medium-sized commodity producers' credit have been analyzed. It has been proved that in Ukraine, unlike foreign countries, the mechanism of easing credits remains virtually the only financial instrument aimed at developing credit relations in the agrarian sector of the economy. It is noted that in the mentioned sphere the provisions of the Ukrainian Law «On State Support to Agriculture in Ukraine» are not fully implemented. In particular, the requirements concerning the size of the credit subsidy, the possibility of obtaining compensation for long-term credits and credits received in foreign currency aren't performed. Taking into account the aforementioned, as well as reducing the amount of financing of the corresponding state program by 4.5 times, the authors have concluded that these legislative requirements are mainly declarative. Thus, ensuring in practice the access to the cheap credit resources for small and medium-sized agricultural producers shall become one of the important tasks of the state agricultural policy.


In the Nuclear Safety Research Reactor (NSRR) owned and operated by Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), extensive experimental studies on the fuel behavior under reactivity initiated accident (RIA) conditions have been continued since the start of the test program in 1975. Accumulated experimental data were used as the fundamental data base of the Japanese safety evaluation guideline for reactivity initiated events in light water cooled nuclear power plants established by the nuclear safety commission in 1984. All of the data used to establish the guideline were, however, limited to those derived from the tests with fresh fuel rods as test samples because of the lack of experimental facility to handle highly radioactive materials.The guideline, therefore, introduces the peak fuel enthalpy of 85 cal/g which was adopted from the SPERT-CDC data as a provisional failure threshold of preirradiated fuel rod and, says that this value should be revised based on the NSRR experiments in the future. According to the above requirement, new NSRR experimental program with the preirradiated fuel rods as test samples was started in 1989. Test fuel rods are prepared by refabrication of the long-sized fuel rods preirradiated in commercial PWRs and BWRs into short segments and bymore » preirradiation of short-sized test fuel rods in the Japan Material Testing Reactor(JMTR). For the tests with preirradiated fuel rods as test samples, the special experimental capsules, the automatic instrumentation fitting device, the automatic capsule assembling device and the capsule loading device were newly developed. In addition, the existing hot cave was modified to mount the capsule assembling device and the other inspection tools and, a new small iron cell was established adjacent to the cave to store the instrumentation fitting device. (author)« less


This pocket handbook is an essential guide for general practitioners, medical officers, registrars, emergency care practitioners, and all trauma unit staff in South African hospitals. Following the well-established format of pocket handbooks that can be carried around and referred to at the moment when they are needed, this handbook sets out all the major issues in trauma management in an accessible and comprehensive way.


Methods and results of reliability tests of SQW broad-band superluminescent diodes (SLD-37 series), widely used in optical coherence tomography (OCT) are presented. Main attention was paid to the alteration of SLD spectral characteristics in the aging process. It is shown that the usage of these methods in the input control of processed epiwafers deployed in the production of active elements for SLD-modules ensures the estimation of their expected life time (MTTF).


George Bernard Shaw introduced realistic plays in England. He believed that people need to help develop the society by looking at reality and recognizing it, as well as pursue the possibility of living in an ideal world through the comedy of Ideas. To a realist like Shaw, the movement for the emancipation of women, which emerged during his time, was unavoidably an interesting event. Thus, he created women characters who were unconventional during his time. Characters in Shaw's plays can be classified into Philistines, idealists, and realists, but Shaw regarded realists to be in the best position to effect change. With this premise, I choose the women in Mrs. Warren's Profession and Major Barbara to serve as case studies by probing into the process of enlightenment they underwent from being idealists to becoming realists. The character of Vivie in Mrs. Warren's Profession represents an image of a 'new woman' who realizes the social and economic contradictions around her through her mother, Mrs. Warren and the other characters. She is enlightened and turns from an idealist to a realist. She eventually becomes an economically independent individual. Barbara in Major Barbara goes through the same process of realization largely through her father and at last. begins to discard her romantic illusions regarding religion and recognizes reality. Her realization endows her with a stronger spirit and a higher purpose in life to build a better world. In conclusion, Shaw's plays depict ideal women who break tradition and disregard conventions. Through these women, Shaw reflects the absurd and materialistic society. These women would be able to build a more advanced society, if only they recognize their reality. In a way, Shaw expresses his ideals through the women in his splays.


In a survey of apple virus diseases in China, typical symptoms of Apple dimple fruit viroid (ADFVd) infections were observed. The presence of ADFVd in samples of symptomatic fruits and symptomless leaves from different apple trees was confirmed by RT-PCR, sequencing and dot blot hybridization. Sequence alignment and RNA structure analysis showed that, compared with isolates and variants reported in Italy, there were two nucleotide variations and an alteration of the secondary structure in the ADFVd variants we isolated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the four variants from China clustered in a group separate from previously reported isolates and variants from Italy and Japan. This is the first report of the identification and molecular characterization of ADFVd in China.


Summary: Previous work has shown an increase in sympathetic stimulation of the heart during chemical or mechanical irritation of visceral organs, but the involvement of the coronary circulation in such reflexes is not clear. In five preliminary experiments in anesthetized dogs, esophageal distention produced a sympathetic stimulation of the heart, as evidenced by an increase in heart rate, which was abolished by non-selective β-adrenergic and muscarinic blockades. On the basis of these preliminary data, we further examined a sympathetic coronary constriction during acute esophageal distension in which any direct adrenergic coronary constriction was unmasked by muscarinic blockade with atropine (100 μg/kg. i.v.), and non-selective β-adrenergic blockade with propranolol (1 mg/kg, i.v.). In seven dogs anesthetized with α-chloralose in an open-chest procedure, the esophagus was rapidly distended to a pressure of 36 × 2 mm Hg. which was not significantly different from the distending pressure used in the preliminary experiments. During esophageal distention, the mean circumflex blood flow decreased to 77 × 10% (SEM) of the predistention value. This decrease was statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was no change in left ventricular pressure, mean arterial pressure dV/dtmax or heart rate. Intracoronary administration of the nonselective α-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine completely abolished the reduction in mean circumflex coronary blood flow caused by esophageal distention in the presence of β-adrenergic and muscarinic blockades. These results demonstrate a direct sympathetic coronary vasoconstriction elicited by esophageal distention. This vasoconstriction was due to activation of coronary a-adrenergic receptors.


the development of multi-energy interconnection system has attracts intense attention recently due to its high efficient and environmental-friendly features. Power to Gas (PTG) technologies play an important role in the multi-energy interconnection system because of its energy storage and fast energy conversation abilities. This work explores PTG's revenue-obtaining possibilities in the market environment with daily fluctuations of both electricity price and nature gas price. The Coordinated operation with natural gas-fired plant (NGFP) and the participation in the regulation market is also considered to improve their overall profits. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and provide a viable scheme for the large-scale practical application of PTG technologies.


Data replica management is an important component in cloud storage system,which is important for improving the system reliability and high performance.In general,if the number of replicas increase,the transfer cost will be declined because of the data can transfer more effectively;but the storage cost is becoming large because of the existence of additional replicas.Aimed to reduce the cost of data management,this paper proposed a minimum-cost based data replication strategy in balancing storage cost and transfer cost,including the data management cost model,the necessity of adding data replica and an approximate algorithm that can automatically decide the number and their store places.Both the theoretical analysis and simulations conducted on general(random)data sets as well as specific real world applications with Amazon's cost model show that the minimum-cost replica strategy is close to or even the same as the minimum cost benchmark and the efficiency is very high for practical runtime utilization in the cloud.On the other side,this research can promote the enterprise(user)actively using cloud computing platform and the harmonious development of cloud computing environment.


This paper uses Edward T. Hall's theory of Primary Message Jyst-ms (PMS) as a basis for suggesting ways in which multicultur, education can be organized arounc: a learner's everyday life. It is argued that typical mrlticultural educaticn programs do not take into account the variety and complexity of a learnerLs everyday lite at home, in the schocl and in the ccmaunity. Suggestions are preserted within the context of the PMS theory and focus on the teacher's role im,deleloping questions and activities that address the home, school and street suhcultures cf the learner. Emphasis is placed on the active participation of learners in research and discas.7sion. Additional readings are suggested for the educator who might wfAh tc develop this type of multicultural edrcation approach in his or her classroom. (ES) Eeproductions supplied by FDRS are tl,e best that can be made from the original document.


Cooperative efforts have led to the development of several promising new impregnation formulations containing HMTA (hexamethylenetetramine) and iodine salts. The new formulations have been applied to base carbons derived from coconut shells, coal, petroleum, and wood. The newly developed impregnated carbons perform as well as, or better than, commerical charcoals containing triethylenediamine (TEDA). The most successful combinations consist of coal carbon impregnated to 2% HMTA, 2% iodine (as KI and KIO/sub 3/), KOH, and NaH/sub 2/PO/sub 4/ . H/sub 2/O. Performance data are reported for the complete series of tests performed on the charcoals. Tests include methyl iodide retention tests, high-temperature I/sub 2/ penetration tests, ignition temperature tests, measurement of the carbon pH (water extracts), and confirmation of impregnation levels by neutron activation analysis. Specific impregnation techniques are also discussed.


This research is motivated by various problems related to the Quality of Administrative Services in the Majalengka Kulon Village Office, Majalengka District, Majalengka Regency. The problem of this research is the limited competence of human resources, which is caused by the culture of the government bureaucracy that has not supported performance so that services are not optimal. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used: observation, interviews and literature study. The results showed that the quality of administrative services in Majalengka Kulon Village, Majalengka District, Majalengka Regency was quite good because the results of the study showed that the five aspects had continuously formed a system that complemented each other. So that the service has a good impact in an agency that has superior performance even though there are still obstacles that are less effective.


Examining the Aristotelian commentaries of Avicenna, Averroes, and Aquinas, Barker details how Aristotle's "deliberative imagination," "passive intellect," and "particular reason" were formulated by these later commentators as the inner sense of the "cogitative power" occupying the middle ventricle of the brain. Integrating Avicenna's notion of the animal "estimative power" with Averroes' discussion of the human "cogitative power," Aquinas emphasized the key role of cogitation – as the embodied medium for apprehending singulars – to all intellectual operations of the human being. Barker lists six functions of the cogitative power, as specified by Aquinas. The more "sense-related" functions Barker defines as the perception of (1) the useful and the harmful and of (2) the particular individual. The more "intellect-related" functions Barker defines as (3) preparing phantasms for abstraction, (4) serving as an instrument for the intellect's indirect apprehension of the singular, (5) producing the minor premise of the Aristotelian "practical syllogism," and (6) reasoning from one particular to another.


The potential energy surfaces of N8H+ involving the synthesis pathway of N5+ + HN3 → N8H+, the isomerization of ortho-N8H+ → int-N8H+, and the decomposition reaction of int-N8H+ → N2H+ + 3N2 were investigated. The structures were optimized by hybrid density functional theory. Relative energies were also calculated using second-order configuration interaction with single and double excitations. The barrier heights of the synthesis pathway in the forward and reverse directions were predicted to be 32.4 and 26.4 kcal/mol, and those of the isomerization and decomposition reactions were 64.9 and 65.3 kcal/mol at the QCISD/6-311++G** level, respectively. A calculation of rate constants for the synthesis and dissociation pathways of N8H+ (CS) was done by the variational transition state theory. The electron densities of species involved in the potential energy surface were calculated and analyzed. The results will provide data for the design of high-energy density materials.


Abstract : A propellant evaporation and dispersion model has been developed for hydrazine ground spills. The evaporation algorithm computes the rate of evaporation as a function of soil temperature, solar insulation, air temperatures, wind velocity and spill dimensions. The single source Gaussian dispersion portion calculates the downwind, ground-level centerline concentration based on dispersion coefficients available in current EPA models. The dispersion algorithm also computes the crosswind dimension of a hazard corridor defined by the Short Term Public Limit (STPL) or other selected concentrations.


This paper presents a new approach to combine several biometrics in a multimodal device. The proposed approach does not use typical fusion strategies but is based on the multi-dimensional cost probability densities of the originals and forgers, which can be measured or calculated from the intrinsic cost or score distribution of the single biometrics, and uses different decision strategies within this distribution. The performance of the proposed combination method is shown to be superior to that of the single biometric subsystems. The main advantage of this method is the selectable degree of security or comfort. This means that the false acceptance rate (FAR) or the false rejection rate (FRR) of the overall system can be set according to the desired requirements of the respective authentication scenario. Furthermore the approach enables the combination and integration of all biometric systems which provide the cost distribution of originals and forgers even if they come from different suppliers.


A proposed change to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act would give people the right to see who has electronically accessed their protected health information.


Without inducing electrode corrosion of the wiring circuit board in a continuous voltage application test under high temperature and high humidity, low modulus, room temperature (25 ° C.) stability good seal filler resin composition in, and it mounting method using, and provides a flip chip mounting article. Sealing the filler resin composition 6,6A is used in the adhesive sealing filler of the gap between the semiconductor chip 10 and the film-shaped substrate 1, the resin composition is a polyolefin-based thermoplastic resins and tackifying containing agent, and a chlorine ion concentration of the resin composition is 10ppm or less than 0. The gap between the semiconductor chip 10 and the film-shaped substrate 1, a sealing filler resin composition 6,6A is filled, the bumps 11 and the metal plating 3 of a film-shaped substrate 1 of the semiconductor chip 10 is bonded there.


Fast Multiscale Directional Filter Bank (FMDFB) is an image representation scheme used in several image processing applications. The statistical nature of the FMDFB subbands is analyzed, and a mathematical model of FMDFB coefficients is proposed. Experimental results are justified by goodness-of-fit tests.


This Commentary examines the deep and abiding influence of what has been called the New Haven School of international law. It considers the connection between the past and the present?the ideas first formulated by Myres S. McDougal and Harold D. Lasswell more than a half-century ago, and those, both near and far, whose work they have influenced.


In a one-copy distributed database, each data item is stored at exactly one site. In a replicated database, some data items may be stored at multiple sites. The main motivation is improved reliability: by storing important data at multiple sites, the DBS can operate even though some sites have failed.
This paper describes an algorithm for handling replicated data, which allows users to operate on data so long as one copy is "available." A copy is "available" when (i) its site is up, and (ii) the copy is not out-of-date because of an earlier crash.
The algorithm handles clean, detectable site failures, but not Byzantine failures or network partitions.


The maintenance of stable extracellular iron concentrations requires the coordinated regulation of iron transport into the plasma from dietary sources in the duodenum, recycled senescent red cells in macrophages, and storage in hepatocytes. Hepcidin is a 25-amino-acid disulfide-rich peptide that is synthesized in the liver and acts as a systemic iron-regulatory hormone by regulating iron transport from iron-exporting tissues into the plasma. Hepcidin acts by binding to the iron exporter ferroportin to induce its internalization and degradation, thereby blocking cellular iron efflux. Hepcidin production is mainly controlled by erythropoietic activity in the bone marrow, the amounts of circulating and stored body iron, and inflammation. The discovery of hepcidin has changed our understanding of iron disorder pathophysiology. Iron-overload diseases can be caused by the absence of hepcidin, and anemias can arise from increased hepcidin production. Several hepcidin mutations result in juvenile hemochromatosis. The majority of juvenile hemochromatosis cases are due to mutations in hemojuvelin, which regulates hepcidin production. Hepcidin concentration measurements could therefore be useful when diagnosing iron disorders and would provide further insight into hepcidin regulation in vivo. The development of hepcidin agonists and antagonists may provide useful therapeutics for the treatment of iron disorders.


This article examines Daphne du Maurier's use of coarseness as a mode of strategic self-fashioning in her biography The Infernal World of Branwell Brontë (1960). I argue that du Maurier's representation of Branwell's coarseness is a crucial part of her attempt to rehabilitate his reputation through empathy and understanding. Coarseness is presented in the biography as a powerful resource for Branwell's performance of masculinity, in relation to his sisters and his 'coarse' friends at Luddenden Foot. I also examine the power of coarseness in enabling Branwell to establish literary and imaginative independence from Charlotte, with whom he created the Angrian kingdom. Finally, I show how Branwell wields coarseness as a weapon when his sisters begin to exclude him from their society during his decline.


Abstract Colour Doppler ultrasound (US) or colour Doppler imaging is a new imaging modality that can simultaneously display blood flow information and Doppler spectral analysis. This new technique provides an opportunity to assess pulmonary blood flow and perfusion non‐invasively. Colour Doppler US has many potential applications in diseases of the chest. Colour Doppler imaging is useful in assisting the diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation and pulmonary sequestration. The 'fluid colour sign' can be used to detect minimal effusion amenable to thoracentesis. Colour Doppler US can be used to assess the angiogenesis of a lung tumour and may be helpful in differentiating a malignant tumour from a benign one. Colour Doppler US can be used to guide a transthoracic needle biopsy and improve the safety of this invasive procedure. Colour Doppler US can demonstrate the vascular patterns and assess the regional haemodynamic changes of a pulmonary consolidation. The information of spectral wave analysis is helpful for understanding the haemodynamic changes of a pulmonary consolidation. Colour Doppler US is useful in assessing perfusion and reperfusion status of a pulmonary infarction. The recent advent of amplitude US angiography further improved the sensitivity of colour Doppler US in detecting blood flow signal without angle restriction. The potential applications of these new techniques in chest diseases may need further exploration.


The cohesive character is an attribute of subsurface soil horizons with hard to extremely hard consistency when dry, and friable or firm when wetted. Despite the agricultural importance, the formation of these horizons is not yet completely understood. The objective of this study was to characterize and assess the possible mechanisms involved in the formation of cohesive horizons in soils of the Coastal Tablelands of Northeast Brazil, in order to understand their pedogenesis and to identify physical and chemical parameters that can be used for the definition of the cohesive character in the Brazilian System of Soil Classification. Four soil profiles were morphologically characterized: a Yellow Argisol (Ultisol), a Gray Argisol (Ultisol) and two Yellow Latosols (Oxisols). Samples from cohesive and non-cohesive horizons were taken for physical and chemical analysis. The morphological description revealed the presence of the cohesive character both under forest as well as under cultivation, confirming its pedogenetic nature. Soil morphology and soil density, together with the specific surface area efficiently identified the cohesive character in the studied soils.


This is Part I of a two-part series intended to narrate the "lost" history leading up to the publication of the first Material Requirement (MR-01-75) standard prepared by NACE (now AMPP) and its subsequent auxiliary standards. Part I covers field observations and describe the metallurgical issues that were being investigated in support of NACE T-1B and 1F committees to develop a sour service materials standard for carbon and low alloy steels. Part II focuses on the rationale behind the use of accelerated laboratory test procedures and their development used for accelerated testing to differentiate metallurgical behavior in sour environments at near atmospheric pressure. The original SSC test methodologies would later be codified as a Test Method in NACE TM-01-77 (1977). A review of the historical events culminating in NACE MR-01-75 will provide a technical basis for the Rockwell C 22 (HRC 22) hardness limit, information on the 1%Ni restriction, and heat treatment requirements for carbon and low alloy steels. By recalling the origins of the MR-01-75 standard, these papers will also provide justification for their continued existence when designing modern, oil and gas wells and flowlines. As the oil and gas industry continues to innovate and mature, it is imperative to maintain knowledge of the origins of the NACE MR-01-75 standard and its intended purpose.


ABSTRACT
The National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme was introduced in 2005 under National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), 2005. On 2nd October'2009, NREGA has been renamed as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act (MGNREGA). MGNREGA provides 100 days of guaranteed employment opportunities in a financial year to any rural household whose adult members are willing to do unskilled manual work at the statutory minimum wage. It is an important step towards the realisation of the Right to Work. It is also expected to enhance People's livelihoods on a sustainable basis by developing the economic and social infrastructure in rural areas. The MGNREGP is different from earlier wage employment programmes because of its legal and demand-driven framework. However, there is no denying fact that there have been many problems in infusing the system with the new culture of demand-driven, right-based and decentralized decision making. The present study was carried in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh where the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (MGNREGP) was initiated in second phase in the financial year 2007-08.


Introduction: A third of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are not cured with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (RCHOP). Approximately 20% of DLBCLs will lose CD20-protein expression (CD20-neg) at the time of relapse. The incidence of CD20-neg relapses in other aggressive B cell lymphomas is unknown. CD20 is not only targeted by rituximab but other antibody-based therapies that are being investigated in salvage regimens. We hypothesized that prolonged exposure to anti-CD20 containing regimens may lead a CD20-neg relapse. Our goal was to determine the clinical and genetic factors associated with loss of CD20 expression in high-grade lymphomas treated with curative intent.
 Method: We consented 374 patients with B cell high-grade lymphomas that were treated with RCHOP or more intensive regimens at the time of diagnosis or had a histological transformation from a prior indolent lymphoma (TLy). We recorded the baseline clinical characteristics, histological diagnosis, date of first relapse and the number of treatment regimens prior to their second biopsy. CD20 expression and cell of origin (COO) were determined by immunohistochemistry and, in the latter, using Hans criteria. We performed targeted sequencing of 63 lymphoma-related genes, including MS4A1, the gene that encodes CD20. Sequencing was performed using circulating tumor DNA in the plasma or DNA from the tumor biopsy, both obtained at the time of relapse.
 Results: Relapse occurred in 170/374 (45%) of patients: 102/253 DLBCL, 55/96 TLy, 6/16 primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (PMBCL) and 7/9 high grade B cell lymphomas (HGBL) with or without translocations in MYC and BCL2 or BCL6. The median age at diagnosis was 62 years old, 54% were male and 85% had an elevated international prognostic index of ≥ 2. Of these, 104 had a biopsy taken at first (47%) or subsequent relapse (53%) to confirm the diagnosis or performed in the context of a clinical trial. CD20 could be assessed in 100 cases, of which 26 had CD20-neg lymphoma cells: 15/56 (27%) of DLBCL, 7/38 (18%) of TLy, 2/3 (66%) PMBCL and 2/3 (66%) HGBL. Relapsed PMBCL and HGBL combined, appeared to have an increased risk of CD20 negativity at relapse compared to DLBCL and TLy (p=0.043). A GCB phenotype in DLBCL was present in 35% of cases and was not associated with CD20 status. The mean number of therapies given before the second biopsy was similar in both groups (CD20+ = 2.2 and CD20-neg = 2.7, p=0.2). In fact, 11/26 (44%) of CD20-neg cases had biopsies taken after RCHOP alone. Additional chemo-immunotherapy (range 2 to 8) did not increase the risk of having a CD20-neg relapse (p=0.5), suggesting that unlike follicular lymphoma, the emergence of CD20-neg cells occurs early after rituximab exposure in high-grade lymphomas. Supporting this hypothesis, patients with a CD20-neg relapse had a shorter progressive free survival (PFS) after RCHOP (1,7 vs 3,2 years, p=0.025). Patients with primary treatment failure, defined here as a PFS of < 1 year, had a significantly increased risk of having a CD20-neg relapse (hazard ratio 7.9, p= 0.005). Sequencing was performed in 75/100 patients. MS4A1 mutations were present in 16% of CD20-neg cases, while none were present in the CD20+ cases (p=0.003). There was no significant difference in the mutation rate of TP53 (47%) or histone-modifying genes based on CD20 expression status.
 Conclusion: Decreased CD20 expression occurs early in high-grade lymphomas under the selective pressure of RCHOP, 16% of which are a consequence of MS4A1 mutations, suggesting that other mechanisms also modulate CD20 expression. In patients with a PFS of < 1 year, a repeat biopsy would be recommended if primary anti-CD20-targeted therapy is considered.

 Assouline: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Johnson:Abbvie: Consultancy, Employment, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Employment, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel fees, gifts, and others, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria; BD Biosciences: Other: Provided a significant proportion of the antibodies used in this project free of cost.; Seattle Genetics: Honoraria; Lundbeck: Employment, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel fees, gifts, and others, Research Funding.


Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a deadly virus whose transmission is getting used to the COVID-19 vaccine and wearing a mask. The COVID-19 vaccine and wearing masks not only protect people who are infected with COVID-19 but also the community to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in general. Vaccines, apart from being used as a barrier to prevent the transmission of COVID-19, have also been shown to reduce the number of positive cases of COVID-19. The implementation of this service took place in Kambula-Bulana Village, Pasarwajo District, Buton Regency. Dissemination of the need for attention to road users who lack knowledge about vaccination, especially in the prevention of COVID-19. Our partners are divided into two parts, Lack of knowledge about the covid-19 vaccine and Develop a caring attitude by using masks when doing activities outside the home and in crowds to help limit the spread of COVID-19. This effort began by going directly to the public and road users to provide information about the causes, symptoms, and prevention of COVID-19, as well as providing education about COVID-19 vaccination. The next action was the distribution of masks, followed by a discussion about the need to comply with health procedures. In addition to washing hands and maintaining a safe distance, the use of appropriate and appropriate masks is another form of prevention.


An object of the present invention to provide a wireless chip having a high durability and a wireless chip capable of increasing the mechanical strength. Wireless chip includes a conductive layer for connecting the antenna, and the chip and the antenna including a dielectric layer sandwiched between a transistor, the conductive layer including a field effect transistor. In addition, the wireless chip includes a conductive layer for connecting the conductive layer, and the chip and the sensor device connected to an antenna, a sensor device, the chip and the antenna including a dielectric layer sandwiched between a transistor, the conductive layer including a field effect transistor. In addition, the wireless chip includes a conductive layer for connecting the conductive layer, and the chip and the battery for connecting the field effect transistor, an antenna, a battery, chip and the antenna including a dielectric layer sandwiched between conductive layers. A wireless chip, a conductive layer, a dielectric layer, the field-effect transistor, a sensor device.


Emergency management of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases is based on interdisciplinary diagnostics and therapy. On the whole, emergency indications for surgical treatment of not only ulcerative colitis but also of Crohn's disease are relatively rare, especially when the disease entity is known at the time of emergency admission so that secure conservative drug-therapy measures can be intensively applied. Apart from perforation of hollow viscus, which represents an indication for immediate surgery, other emergency situations require the initiation of intensified conservative drug measures in combination with diagnostic techniques; acute therapy-refractory clinical entities lead to the indication for an emergency operation. Although emergency urgent resections for ulcerative colitis must take into consideration the chances for a later restorative proctocolectomy with ileo-anal anastomosis (IPAA), emergency resections for Crohn's disease should follow the established principles of surgery for Crohn's disease. The present discussion takes into consideration the results of evidence-based consensus conferences on ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases in cooperation with the German Society for Surgery.


Data parallel frameworks (e.g. Hive, Spark or Tez) can be used to execute complex data analyses consisting of many dependent tasks represented by a Directed Acylical Graph (DAG). Minimising the job completion time (i.e. makespan) is still an open problem for large graphs.We propose a novel deep Q-learning (DQN) approach to statically scheduling DAGs and minimising the makespan. Our approach learns to schedule DAGs from scratch instead of learning how to imitate some heuristic. We show that our current approach learns fast and steadily. Furthermore, our approach can schedule DAGs almost 15 times faster than a Forward List Scheduling (FLS) heuristic.


People with HIV infection are at higher risk of many diseases while travelling and may also be unable to receive common vaccinations and preventive medicines.


For SU(2) lattice gauge theory, three alternative forms of action proposed by us are studied by means of Monte Carlo method, their internal energy per plaquette and specific heat are calculated. The curves of their internal energy approach to the same weak-coupling approximation when βis large. There are peaks on their specific heat curves which indicate the critical points of transition from strong-coupling to weak-coupling. We find clear evidence showing that the deviation of critical point is only due to the difference of higher order terms of lattice spacing a.


It is important to reduce employee silence because it has negative effects on both individuals and their organization. Therefore, it is necessary for both of them to identify a predictor of employee silence and a moderator in the relationship between the predictor and employee silence. The primary purpose of the present research was to identify relationship conflict as a predictor of defensive silence and to examine the mediating effect of defensive silence on the relationship between relationship conflict and turnover intention. The secondary purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of calling on the relationship between relationship conflict and defensive silence. A total of 182 ROK Army junior leaders participated in this survey, in which we measured relationship conflict, defensive silence, turnover intention, and calling. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that relationship conflict was positively related to defensive silence and that defensive silence fully mediated the relationship between relationship conflict and turnover intention. Also, the moderating effect of calling on the relationship between relationship conflict and defensive silence was significant, suggesting that the relationship between relationship conflict and defensive silence was weaker when calling was high than low. Additionally, the moderated mediating effect was significant, suggesting that calling moderated the mediating effect of defensive silence on the relationship between relationship conflict and turnover intention. Lastly, the results, implications, limitations, and future study directions of this research were discussed. Keywords : military junior leader, defensive silence


In this document, two Block Adaptive Quantization (BAQ) algorithms, the Entropy Constrained BAQ (ECBAQ) and
the Flexible Dynamic BAQ (FDBAQ) will be investigated. The software development of both algorithms will be
discussed for using TerraSAR-X testdata and a comparison is given regarding the resulting Signal-to-Quantization-
Noise-Ratio SQNR, the compression rate as well as the weak target suppression.