Abstract The electric power system of the urban railway is to receive electricity from KEPCO and is supplied to the load through transforming and denaturing in substation. Also, it has a unidirectional characteristic in which power is supplied from the power source to the load side. When the energy storage system is linked to the power system, The battery may act as a load at that time of charging and may generate an electric current as it acts as a power source at that time of discharging. As a result, it will affect the power system. In this paper, we focus on the case of additional energy storage system without modification of the urban railway substation in operation and propose charging and discharging constricts condition. Furthermore, we study the operation method of energy storage system which based the stability of current power system.


AIMS
No randomized study comparing the outcomes of transcarotid (TC) and transaxillary (TAx) TAVR has been conducted to date.

METHODS AND RESULTS
From 2010 to 2018, a French multicenter prospective registry included 502 patients with n=374 undergoing TC-TAVR and n=128 TAx-TAVR for symptomatic aortic stenosis. Patients treated through TAx access were matched 1:2 to patients treated through TC route by using propensity score (20 clinical, anatomical and procedural variables) and by date of the procedure. The first outcome was the mortality at 1-month follow-up. The second outcome was 1-month stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA). In matched-propensity analyses, the incidence of the primary outcome was similar in TAx and TC group (TAx 5.5% vs. TC 4.5%; OR=1.23; 95%CI:0.40-3.70). The secondary outcome was similar in TAx (3.2%) and TC (6.8%; OR=0.52; 95%CI:0.14-1.84). Minor bleeding (2.7% vs. 9.3%; OR=0.26; 95%CI:0.07-0.92) and main access hematoma (3.6% vs. 10.3%; OR=0.034; 95% CI:0.09-0.92) were significantly more frequent with the TC access. One-month clinical efficacy and safety and 1-year mortality did not differed according to different routes.

CONCLUSIONS
One-month mortality, 1-month stroke/TIA and 1-year mortality are similar with TAx and TC TAVR. However TC-TAVR is accompanied by more minor bleeding and main access hematoma compared with the transaxillary route.


To increase the fluence and maximum energy of laser-driven proton beams in view of potential applications such as isochoric heating of dense material or isotope production, it has been proposed to attach a helical coil normally to the rear side of the irradiated target. By driving the target discharge current pulse through the coil, this scheme allows a fraction of the proton beam to be selected in energy and to be focused and further accelerated. The previously published results are extended to higher laser pulse energies and longer coils. This leads to an increased number of guided protons and the generation of several proton bunches. Large scale particle-in-cell simulations with realistic boundary conditions reproduce well the experimental results. A detailed analysis of the numerical simulations and an analytical model demonstrate that the current propagation along a helical wire differs from the one of a linear or folded wire. In a helical wire, the current pulse is subject to velocity dispersion, which results in progressive modification of its spatial profile, and so in proton bunch trapping and focusing.


It is always better to administer medicines through properoutes to have better efficacy and making administration simple. Modern pharmacology has explained various routes of drug administration. There are some advantages along with disadvantages. Ayurved has explained various routes of administration of drugs which have proved very beneficial over long years. More of ayurved physicians and practitioners are not using all these pharmacological recopies and different routes of administration of drugs.


The biological deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand is found to be a promising computing unit. An attempt has been made to solve Freeze-Tag Problem (FTP) using DNA. In this paper, the thermodynamic properties of DNA have been utilized along with other biochemical operations to obtain the optimal awakening schedule. Actual distance values are represented using the thermodynamic properties of DNA. The proposed method also finds the minimum spanning tree (MST) of the FTP to obtain the optimal awakening schedule. All possible Euler cycles of the different spanning trees of the problem are first generated. From this generated Euler cycle, the MST is obtained, which is the optimal awakening schedule to the problem. Moreover, the proposed approach can be adopted to solve many real-life applications like broadcasting and scheduling problems, with necessary modifications. In this work, an instance with seven robots is solved using DNA computing.


This paper proposed a comprehensive information frame based on the coordination of cognitive information and affective information, which both helps user make decision by providing heuristic interactive process, presenting detailed and emotional information, processing situational information and releasing the negative influence. This psychology experiment shows that the information frame will affect the result of tourism decision-making. And it also shows that the negative influence will produce different decisions.


Optimal timing of intervention in aortic stenosis (AS) is key. Left ventricular deformation parameters are sensitive markers of myocardial wellbeing in AS, but data is sparse so strain does not currently feature in the clinical decision-making process governing timing of AS intervention. We explore the trajectory of myocardial strain in AS of varying severity to potentially identify the most sensitive periods for valve intervention.

 50 patients from across the spectrum of isolated AS were prospectively recruited: mild AS n = 10; moderate AS n = 10; and severe AS n = 30 of which n = 10 in each of 3 ejection fraction (EF) groups: EF > 50%, EF = 40-49% and EF < 35%. Longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain were measured by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) using TomTec software.

 Strain parameters and EF were not significantly different between mild and moderate AS groups but almost all parameters (except for global circumferential strain (GCS)) showed significant deterioration with progression to severe AS, even in spite of preserved EF (>50%; Table1). In patients with severe AS, strain parameters showed no significant differences between hearts with EF > 50% and EF 40-49%, but they continued to deteriorate significantly (p < 0.05) as hearts transitioned from 40-49% to <35% (Figure 1, a&b).

 The heart can maintain its deformation and global systolic function throughout mild and moderate AS but strain deteriorates significantly in severe AS, irrespective of EF. Tracking the precise timings of strain deterioration in severe AS could help refine optimal timings of AS intervention.
 LVEF and strain in varying AS severity Left ventricle ejection fraction and strain values in varying severity of AS Mild (n = 10) Moderate (n = 10) Severe (n = 10) P-value Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) EF (%) 65.4 (6.1) 65.8 (9.0) 60.4 (3.6)*§ 0.15 GLS (%) -14.2 (2.1) -13.6 (2.3) -11.8 (2.9)* 0.09 GCS (%) -30.3 (9.1) -31.0 (11.4) -26.5 (8.2) 0.55 GRS (%) 55.9 (15.5) 52.6 (24.0) 35.9 (13.5)*§ 0.05 EF: ejection fraction; GLS: global longitudinal strain; GCS: global circumferential strain; GRS: global radial strain; SD: standard deviation. Severe (n = 10): Severe AS with preserved EF >50%. P-value: ANOVA-single factor; comparison in-between groups was performed using unpaired t-test (parametric) and Mann Whitney test (non-parametric). *significant difference P < 0.05 mild vs severe. §significant difference P < 0.05 moderate vs severe.
 Abstract P307 Figure.


A study has been undertaken to investigate the long-term (200-year) stability of disposal orbits for the Galileo constellation of navigation spacecraft. If not initially set-up correctly, the orbits exhibit exponential growth in eccentricity which would cause them to re-enter the operational MEO region, and if left unchecked eventually the LEO and GEO regions as well. This is due to a resonance in the angle 2ω+Ω, which at Galileo altitudes oscillates sinusoidally with a period of ~5000 years. This is driven by secular drift in both ω and Ω caused by perturbations from the Earth's J2 harmonic. This growth is also sensitive to the inclination of the orbit in question. A study has also been performed to look at the suitability of various orbit propagation techniques for MEO orbits. A semianalytical propagator was found to perform best in terms of accuracy and computer run-time.


Abstract Spectral analysis is the key tool for the study of vibration signals in rotating machinery. In this work, the vibration analysis applied for conditional preventive maintenance of such machines is proposed, as part of resolved problems related to vibration detection on the organs of these machines. The vibration signal of a centrifugal pump was treated to mount the benefits of the approach proposed. The obtained results present the signal estimation of a pump vibration using Fourier transform technique compared by the spectral analysis methods based on Prony approach.


The Salt Wash is the basal member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison formation in parts of Utah, Colorado9 Arizona, and New Mexico0 The Salt Wash member, deposited by an aggrading fluviatile system, comprises lenticular cross-laminated sandstone irregularly interbedded with siltstone, claystone, and horizontally laminated sandstone,, Lithofacies,, as used in this paper, denotes the lithologic aspect of the Salt Wash member0 The specific lithofacies at a given locality is determined by the thickness, the relative proportion, and the relative continuity of the sedimentary types that comprise the Salt Wash member. For the purpose of accurate interpretations of paleodrainage patterns of the fluviatile system that deposited the Salt Wash member, the sedimentary units in the Salt Wash member are classified as stream deposits and floodplain deposits,, Stream deposits include all rocks interpreted as deposited from moving water, and the floodplain deposits include all rocks interpreted as deposited from slack water,, Thus, the lithofacies of the Salt Wash member is determined by the thickness, relative proportion, and continuity of the stream and floodplain deposits,, Regional differences in Salt Wash lithofacies show that the Salt Wash member is a fan-shaped wedge of sediments with the apex of the fan in south-central Utah0 Except in the Four Corners area and west-central Colorado, the total thickness of the Salt Wash member and the thickness, proportion, and continuity of the contained stream deposits decrease relatively uniformly to the northeast from the apex of the fan0 Interpretation of the regional differences in lithofacies indicates the Salt Wash member was deposited by a distributary stream system that radiated outward from south-central Utah and spread sediments to the north, east, and southeast over a nearly flat plain0 The regional variations can best be explained by considering the Salt Wash member as an immense alluvial fan0 The symmetry of the Salt Wash "alluvial fan was interrupted by irregularities in the surface of deposition in the Four Corners area and in west-central Colorado, Most uranium-vanadium ore deposits in the Salt Wash member occur in a medial Iithofacies0 This may be a genetic relation and can be explained as a function of transmissibility of the particular lithefacies0 However,, the ore deposits are not distributed uniformly through the zone of medial lithofacies; instead the ore deposits are concentrated in a relatively small area in the zone0 Because local geologic features such as structure or igneous intrusions might control the localization of ore deposits in the small area0 the high degree of correlation of ore deposits and a certain lithofacies may be coincidental,,


I developed postnatal depression following the birth of my son (features January 3). The support I received was very different to that received by a close friend. We shared the same health visitor team, but I had a different health visitor.


Automatic 3D model acquisition and 3D tracking of simple objects under motion using a single camera is often difficult due to the sparsity of information from which to establish the model. We have developed an automatic scheme that first computes a simple pointalistic Euclidean model of the object and then enriches this model using hyper-patches. These hyper-patches contain information on both the orientation and intensity pattern variation of roughly planar patches on an object. This information allows both the spatial and intensity distortions of the projected patch to be modelled accurately under 3D object motion. We show that hyper-patches not only can be computed automatically during model acquisition from a monocular image sequence, but that they are also extremely appropriate for the task of visual tracking.


Purpose: To evaluate the penetration of commercially available gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin into the anterior chamber of a rabbit eye using collagen shields presoaked in the antibiotics as a drug delivery system. Methods: Collagen shields, presoaked for 10 min in commercially available solutions of gatifloxacin (diluted intravenous Tequin®) or moxifloxacin (VigamoxTM) with the same concentration, were placed on the surface of each of the corneas of 12 rabbits for a total of 24 eyes (12 in each group). Aqueous humor samples were taken 3 and 6 h later. Results:The concentrations of both antibiotics were high after 3 h (3.1 ± 1.3 µg/ml for moxifloxacin and 2.3 ± 0.8 µg/ml for gatifloxacin, p = 0.22). The concentration of gatifloxacin after 6 h was statistically significantly higher than for moxifloxacin (0.76 ± 0.33 µg/ml vs. 0.29 + 0.14 µg/ml, respectively, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our results suggest that collagen shields can be effective as a drug delivery system for the fourth-generation fluoroquinolones with a longer effect for gatifloxacin.


Ventricular conduction delay due to left bundle branch block alters the left ventricular (LV) electric activation sequence. The resulting electric asynchrony is manifest in prolonged QRS durations due to slow myocardial conduction. This causes regional heterogeneity in contraction and stretch (mechanical asynchrony) that reduces pump function and stimulates negative LV reverse remodeling, indicated by increased LV volumes. The conceptual basis of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for asynchronous heart failure is to minimize LV conduction delay, which reduces contractile asynchrony and instantaneously improves LV mechanics. Sustained resynchronization of electromechanical activation induces "reverse" remodeling (LV volume reductions) and improved pump function (increased LV ejection fraction). Reverse LV remodeling is associated with reduced heart failure morbidity and mortality. Up to one third of CRT patients do not improve. The reasons for this are complex and incompletely characterized but can be explained by interactions between substrate conditions and pacing-induced changes in ventricular activation derived from analysis of the standard 12-lead ECG before and after CRT. Longer LV activation time and smaller LV scar volume during left bundle branch block on the baseline ECG predict higher probability of reverse remodeling. Evidence for activation wavefront fusion on the CRT-paced ECG, indicating conduction defect reversal, also predicts reverse remodeling and provides the translational mechanism for volumetric reverse remodeling. Knowledgeable application of the standard 12-lead ECG can be used to accurately predict the probability of a reverse remodeling response to CRT. See p 626.


The anti-suit injunction is a traditional international private law (IPL) remedy used by common law courts. This paper shall describe the use of the anti-suit injunction by courts in England, before setting out the approach taken by the Court of Justice of the European Union (Court of Justice) in two landmark cases to the use of anti-suit injunctions within Europe. This paper will ask whether the erosion of this IPL tradition through Europeanisation is to be regretted, concluding that, in this instance, tradition had to be abandoned in the name of progress.


Mustafa Kamal Ataturk considered one of the important figures who shape the modern life of Turkish nations. Kamal's ideology and his political structure are important to be studied since both gives important contributions towards the establishment of modern secular Turkey. This paper discusses Turkey under Kamal Atarturk. Using a secondary analysis, published materials written by scholars and writers in the field, some views and analysis of scholars like Bernard Lewis, Kemal H Karpat and several others, are reviewed and analyzed. It was found that Kemal's revolutions and reforms has brought Turkey into a new era of modernization on certain aspects but from different angels, he failed to preserve Islamic traditions and culture when he consciously amended the constitution of his country only for achieving his personal will 'Modern Turkey'. Amongst his reform were the establishment of Kamalist republic, the attack on traditional Islamic leadership, the implementation of modernist Turkified Islam and the attack on Islamic culture. These four aspects are discussed throughout this paper.


Fibring is recognized as one of the main mechanisms for combining logics [3, 5, 6], namely because many general results for preservation of soundness and completeness have been established, eg. [8, 1]. However, fibring suffers from an anomaly usually known as "the collapsing problem" [2, 4]. Indeed, ever since the first accounts of fibring, it could be noticed that fibring the semantics of classical with intuitionistic logic would collapse into just classical logic. In [7] modulated fibring has been introduced and shown to avoid these collapses, by means of a very careful use of adjunctions between lattice structured models. In this work, we propose a structurally simpler alternative to solve the semantic collapse problem by adopting a generalization of fibred semantics using cryptomorphisms. In particular, we show that the novel notion of cryptofibring encompasses the original definition of fibred model, while admiting also amalgamated models that can be used to show that the above mentioned collapse is no longer present. Herein, we focus only on propositional based logics but cryptofibring can be smoothly generalized to a wider universe of logics.


Within disciplines are a set of shared values and thought processes that students must master in order to become participants of that discipline. Information literacy as defined by the ACRL is a set of standards and principles that can apply to all disciplines. In order to produce information literate undergraduates in a given discipline, information literacy standards must be integrated with the values and processes of the discipline. In this study, librarians partnered with faculty in gender studies and molecular biology to integrate information literacy with courses in those areas. Student performance and attitudes improved as a result of the collaboration. This article discusses the collaboration process, the assessment methods and results, and the long-term importance of developing best practices for information literacy integration at the campus level through a disciplinary approach.


Knowledge of chemistry needs to be based on three levels of understanding namely macroscopic, microscopic, and symbol. From previous studies, understanding microscopic level is often a problem for student to becoming competent in chemistry because it involves an understanding of internal and extenal representation. Thus, this study aims to examine (i) the level of students competency in understanding atoms, molecules and ions; (ii) the level of students comprehension of the three basic levels of knowledge; and (iii) the pattern of students' visualization skills in an understanding of the microscopic level. The Test of Knowledge Level Mastery (UTPAP) was used to determine the level of students' understanding and face to face interviews was employed to ascertain the patterns of students visualization skills. This study involved 301 form 4 students who sat for chemistry with various achievements in the science subject for PMR 2012. Six students with the highest achievements in UTPAP were chosen for the interview. UTPAP marks were analysed in the form of mean percentage and standard deviation. The data for the interview was analysed using the Interactive Qualitative Data Analysis Model (Miles & Huberman, 1994). Based on the study, the student competency is weak in the topic of atoms, molecules and ions. Studies also showed that the level of students' competency in the macroscopic level was moderate whereas the students level in microscopic and symbolizing was weak. Alternative framework was also found in the three levels of knowledge. From the analysis of the interview, there are three patterns of visualization skills that was used by the students in understanding of microscopic level which are primary visualization pattern, secondary visualization pattern and tertiery visualization pattern


Objective To investigate the efficacy of warm needling moxibustion at cervical Huatuo jiaji(EX-B2) points plus sitting-position pulling and stretching manipulation in treating cervical spondylotic vertebral arteriopathy(CSA).Method Two hundred CSA patients were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups,100 cases each.The treatment group received warm needling moxibustion at cervical Huatuo jiaji points and point Fengchi(GB20) followed by sitting-position pulling and stretching manipulation.The control group took flunarizine hydrochloride capsules orally.Vertigo,headache,blurred vision,tinnitus,neck pain and the neck rotation test were scored using CSA symptom scoring criteria before and after treatment.The dizziness handicap inventory(DHI) score was counted before and after treatment.Result The vertigo,headache,blurred vision,tinnitus and neck rotation test scores increased and the DHI score decreased in both groups of patients after treatment compared with before;there were statistically significant differences(P0.01 in the treatment group,P0.05 in the control group).The neck pain score increased in both groups after treatment compared with before;there was a statistically significant difference in the treatment group(P0.01) but no statistically significant difference in the control group(P0.05).After treatment,the vertigo,headache,blurred vision,tinnitus,neck rotation test and DHI scores and the neck pain score improved more in the treatment group than in the control group(P0.05,P0.01).Conclusion Warm needling moxibustion at cervical Huatuo jiaji points plus sitting-position pulling and stretching manipulation has a marked therapeutic effect on cervical spondylotic vertebral arteriopathy.


Photonic RF phase shifter is the core part of optically controlled phased array,it arouses general concern in recent years.Photonic RF phase shifters based on OTTD(optical true time delay),heterodyne mixing technique and vector sum technique were introduced.The principles and features were proposed and analyzed.With the development of integrated photonic,micromation and integration were the main tendency of photonic RF phase shifter.


The volatile oil was extracted from Artemisia rupestris L.by steam distillation.The components of the volatile oil were separated and identified by GC-MS.The antioxidant activity was also investigated with two different methods:the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenger and the β-carotene-linoleic acid test.The results indicated that 49 kinds of components were separated and 48 components were identified among them.Accounting for about 89.82% of the total volatile oil.The main chemical constituents of the volatile oil from Artemisia rupestris L.are(-)-Dihydrocarvyl acetate(31.54%),2-hydroxy-3-(1-propenyl group)-1,4-napthoquinone(27.28%),et al.Accounting for about 63.14% of the total volatile oil.The tested IC 50 of Artemisia rupestris L.volatile oil to DPPH was 0.195 mg/mL,the equivalent of a strong free radical scavenging capacity of antioxidants ascorbic acid(Vc) of 70% to 80%;In the β-carotene-volatile oil linoleum acid system IC 50 of 0.579 mg/mL,lipid antioxidants is equivalent to strong antioxidant butylated hydroxy toluene(BHT) 85% to 90%.Therefore,Artemisia rupestris L.volatile oil had a good role in antioxidants bility.And had a concentration-effect relationship.


KBN Engineering and Applied Sciences, Inc. conducted stack gas flow measurements at the US Department of Energy Pinellas Plant on August 18, 1994. The purpose of the flow measurements was to provide quality assurance data for the radiological stack flow rates used in performing ambient air dispersion modeling of potential releases of radiological pollutants into the surrounding area from the Pinellas Plant. As required by DOE, Martin Marietta Specialty Components, Inc. (Specialty Components) must monitor the potential release of, and perform air dispersion modeling of, potential radiological pollutants emitted from the plant, including the continuous monitoring of stack gas flow rates through the Radiological Exhaust Stack. The Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for the radiological stacks requires an annual test of the stack gas flow rate in order to validate the accuracy of the continuous flow monitoring system. This report consists of four sections: Site Description is presented in Section 2.0. Stack Sampling Procedures. Results of the measurements and calculated volumetric flow rates and stack gas velocities.


ABSTRACT
The research is aimed to examine effects of Fe + Vitamin C + Cu supplementation towards the increase of Hb levels and its impacts to the productivity of female workers. This study is an experimental research using a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design and randomized Double Blind design, with 36 female workers aged 20 to 40 years as the sample. The sample divided into three groups consisting of each 12 women and each were given the following 2 (two) times a week for 2 (two) months Fe + Vitamin C + Cu, Fe + Vitamin C, only Fe. Based on the result of Recall 2 × 24 hours on sample, it is obtained  that  the  average  of  protein  consumption  is  35.04,  iron  is  12.26,  vitamin  C  is  15.54, and Cu is 0.85. Supplement Fe + Vitamin C + Cu has significant inf luenced to the increase of  Hb  levels  and  the  physical  fitness  (p  =  0.000),  while  the  analysis  of  the  delta  of  physical fitness  to  the  whole  group  using  Anova  were  differ  significantly  (p  =  0.000)  for  the  entire group. Supplement Fe + Vitamin C + Cu do not have significant inf luence to the increase of productivity (p = 0.595) between the groups. The Increase of Hb levels are significantly related to  the  improvement  of  physical  fitness  (p  =  0.000)  with  a  correlation  coefficient  of  0.700. But  the  increase  of  hemoglobin  levels  is  not  significantly  related  to  increase  of  productivity (p = 0.34) with a correlation coefficient of 0.163.
Keywords Fe, Vitamin C, Cu, physical fitness, productivity


In this paper, three electric properties tomography techniques based on magnetic resonance are applied to a realistic 2-D model problem representing the waist of an adult man. The capability of the inverse methods to recover the actual distribution of the electric properties is discussed and compared. In addition, the possibility to extend the methods to the estimate of local specific absorption rate of the radio frequency field generated in a magnetic resonance imaging, data concerning safety issues, is considered and compared.


Three new dianions possessing Ni-centred Ni10Se21, Ni-centred Ni9Te32 and noncentred Ni8Te43 cages were synthesized and crystallographically characterized; a structural-bonding analysis indicates that the extra ten cluster valence electrons (CVEs) arising in 1 and 2 from the filled 3d atomic orbitals (AOs) of the centred interstitial Ni(i) atom occupy antibonding radial Ni(i)-cage molecular orbitals (MOs)(in violation of current electron-counting rules) such that the icosahedral frameworks of 1, 2 and 3 possess the expected 13 skeletal electron pairs.


Theatre studies currently lacks a concrete understanding of the translation process as applied to theatre texts, and attempts to develop such an understanding have often been affected by undue prioritisation of the written playtext, treating the translation process as the interlingual transfer simply of a written text. This is a consequence of the difficulty of explaining the relationship between a playtext and any eventual performance of it. Text-centric theories, though, are incomplete because they do not engage with the entirety of the theatre text, failing to take into account performance and the role of non-verbal sign-systems in the creation of meaning in theatre. In this study, I develop a theoretical and practical metholodology for approaching the translation of theatre texts, which I then apply to a particularly challenging text, Federico Garcia Lorca's avant-garde play Elpublico.Chapter I surveys theoretical approaches to the translation of dramatic texts, taking account of a number of different approaches to translation and performance. Ultimately, I adopt Patrice Pavis's theory of translation through successive concretI2ation as a useful theoretical model. Chapter II seeks to extend Pavis's model by discussing the practical strategies of theatre translation, particularly focused on the characteristic elements of the playtext and how they are felt in performance through their use by theatre practitioners. Chapter III applies this theoretical and practical framework to El publico, a text that presents a number of fascinating translation issues: cryptic, sometimes even hermeneutic, imagery; employment of visual and verbal metaphor; and an anti-naturalist approach to theatre that results in meaning being constructed through much more than just the verbal. I use the methodology developed in Chapters I and II to inform analysis of three existing translations of the work, and supplement this analysis with the development of my own specimen translation. Finally, I draw conclusions on how successfully my model of translation has been in its application.


We examine the problem of planning the trajectory of a robotic vehicle to gather data from a deployment of stationary sensors monitoring a set of dynamic source signals. The robotic vehicle and the sensors are equipped with wireless modems (e.g., radio in terrestrial environments or acoustic in underwater environments), which provide noisy communication across limited distances. In such scenarios, the robotic vehicle can improve its efficiency by planning an informed data gathering trajectory. We propose a novel performance metric for data gathering in robotic sensor networks based on the concept of squared error distortion. We analyze the formal properties of the distortion function, and we propose a sampling-based motion planning algorithm for optimizing data gathering tours for minimal distortion. The proposed algorithms are compared in simulation, and the results show that distortion metrics provide substantial improvements in data gathering efficiency.


The utility model discloses a kind of stream to answer a pager's call the die lip cleaning tool of upper use, the purpose of this utility model is that design is a kind of rational in infrastructure, and the good stream of result of use is answered a pager's call the die lip cleaning tool of upper use.The technical solution of the utility model is, a kind of stream is answered a pager's call the die lip cleaning tool of upper use, and it comprises handle, and handle is provided with the scraper that the die lip cross sectional shape of answering a pager's call with stream is identical.The utility model structure is simple, effectively can solve the problem of die lip on stream is answered a pager's call not easy to clean, improves product quality and production efficiency that stream answers a pager's call.


Summary This work demonstrates the possibilities of the marine geothermy (heat flow methods) to reconstruct the formation process of heat-related geological objects with an example of 2D inversion of data from in-situ temperature measurements in seafloor sediments for gas hydrate deposit study in Danube paleodelta, Black Sea.


In this article, we apply the conceptual framework of Pierre Bourdieu, in particular forms of capital, social fields, field of power and modes of domination, to demonstrate how the study of a symbolically powerful building can provide insights into what are often opaque elite interactions. In order to do this, we focus on the corporate campus headquarters of a powerful financial institution, the Royal Bank of Scotland in the context of Scotland in the period 2000–2009. We pose the following questions: What is the relationship between corporate space and the field of power? What role does a corporate building play in circuits of capital conversion? What does this case tell us about the role of architecture in elite mobilisations? In addressing these questions, we contribute to critical organisation studies by identifying and theorising the role of corporate space in inter-elite dynamics and circuits of capital conversion. This approach, we argue, provides a methodological lever which could be applied to other symbolically important buildings in order to understand the nature and role of inter-field interactions in the conception and realisation of such buildings.


Pediatric Critical Care Medicine www.pccmjournal.org 681 prospective, multicenter, observational study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2007; 8:317–323 9. Khemani RG, Rubin S, Belani S, et al: Pulse oximetry vs. PaO2 metrics in mechanically ventilated children: Berlin definition of ARDS and mortality risk. Intensive Care Med 2015; 41:94–102 10. Barreira ER, Munoz GO, Cavalheiro PO, et al; Brazilian Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Study Group: Epidemiology and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in children according to the Berlin definition: A multicenter prospective study. Crit Care Med 2015; 43:947–953 11. Yehya N, Servaes S, Thomas NJ: Characterizing degree of lung injury in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2015; 43:937–946 12. Khemani RG, Conti D, Alonzo TA, et al: Effect of tidal volume in children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35:1428–1437 13. Amato MB, Meade MO, Slutsky AS, et al: Driving pressure and survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:747–755 14. de Jager P, Burgerhof JG, van Heerde M, et al: Tidal volume and mortality in mechanically ventilated children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:2461–2472 15. Chiumello D, Carlesso E, Cadringher P, et al: Lung stress and strain during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:346–355


To understand the potential impact of tax incentives on individual retirement saving, we must understand how individuals make decisions about saving. We examine individual taxpayers' choices between front-loaded (e.g., traditional) and back-loaded (e.g., Roth) defined contribution retirement savings plans, as well as their saving levels and investment style choices within a plan. To do so, we conduct a series of experiments that allow us to consider individual-specific expectations regarding the economic factors that normatively drive retirement saving decisions, as well as non-economic attitudes and preferences that may also impact these decisions. Overall, we find that participants generally prefer back-loaded retirement plans to front-loaded plans. We find mixed evidence regarding whether individuals appropriately weight expected tax rate changes in their plan choices, despite the fact that these tax rate changes are the primary factor driving the relative after-tax returns of front- and back-loaded plans. Conversely, we find evidence that plan attributes related to individuals' non-economic attitudes and preferences consistently influence plan choice. Saving levels, while idiosyncratic and difficult to predict, are negatively associated with preference for back-loaded plans and may be influenced by tax-related contextual variables as well. Investment risk is also negatively associated with preferences for back-loaded plans.


Trichoderma viride extracellular chitinase of molecular weight 42 kDa was purified and its N-terminal sequence was determined. An N-terminal sequence comparison revealed 70-100% similarity to those of already characterised chitinases of similar molecular weight from other fungi. A chitin affinity column fraction that contained the enriched 42 kDa chitinase showed a higher chitinase specific activity. The 42 kDa chitinase purified to homogeneity by electroelution inhibited in vitro the growth of a rice sheath blight isolate of Rhizoctonia solani.


Background Insecticide-treated nets are the cornerstone of global malaria control and have been shown to reduce malaria morbidity by 50–60%. However, some areas are experiencing a resurgence in malaria following successful control. We describe an efficacy decay framework to understand why high malaria burden persists even under high ITN coverage in a community in western Kenya. Methods We enrolled 442 children hospitalized with malaria and paired them with age, time, village and gender-matched controls. We completed comprehensive household and neighborhood assessments including entomological surveillance. The indicators are grouped into five domains in an efficacy decay framework: ITN ownership, compliance, physical integrity, vector susceptibility and facilitating factors. After variable selection, case-control data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression models and mosquito data were analyzed using negative binomial regression. Predictive margins were calculated from logistic regression models. Results Measures of ITN coverage and physical integrity were not correlated with hospitalized malaria in our study. However, consistent ITN use (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.12–0.43), presence of nearby larval sites (AOR = 1.137, 95%CI: 1.02–1.27), and specific types of crops (AOR (grains) = 0.446, 95%CI: 0.24–0.82) were significantly correlated with malaria amongst children who owned an ITN. The odds of hospitalization for febrile malaria nearly tripled when one other household member had symptomatic malaria infection (AOR–2.76, 95%CI:1.83–4.18). Overall, perfect household adherence could reduce the probability of hospitalization for malaria to less than 30% (95%CI:0.12–0.46) and adjusting environmental factors such as elimination of larval sites and growing grains nearby could reduce the probability of hospitalization for malaria to less than 20% (95%CI:0.04–0.31). Conclusion Availability of ITNs is not the bottleneck for malaria prevention in this community. Behavior change interventions to improve compliance and environmental management of mosquito breeding habitats may greatly enhance ITN efficacy. A better understanding of the relationship between agriculture and mosquito survival and feeding success is needed.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide novel methods for treating systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or Sjogren's syndrome.SOLUTION: The invention provides treatment methods of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or lupus nephritis by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound that selectively inhibits Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins. The selective Bcl-2 inhibitor is a compound selected from N-({5-chloro-6-[(4-fluoro tetrahydro-2H-pyrane-4-yl)methoxy]pyridin-3-yl}sulfonyl-4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl cyclohexa-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazine-1-yl)-2-[(6-fluoro-1H-indazole-4-yl)oxy]benzamide and the like.SELECTED DRAWING: None


AbstractThe present work aimed to investigate the removal feasibility of organic micropollutants (o-nitrophenol (o-NP) and p-nitrotoluene (p-NT)) from aqueous solutions using an original activated carbon prepared from chicken bones (CAB). The activated carbon is treated with 30% H2O2 and carbonised at 800°C for 3 h. Thus, the obtained CAB is characterised by the way of different physico-analytical methods as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the method of Boehm titration. The kinetic experimental data were fitted according to theoretical models: pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion models and the Elovich and Avrami models. The maximum removal obtained for o-NP and p-NT is around ~80% at 5–20 mg/L respectively. The required time for the adsorption equilibrium is between 70 and 145 min. The adsorption kinetics of o-NP and p-NT is tested according to the intraparticle diffusion equations. The results obtained in the presen...


The spotted borer, Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a major pest of sugarcane in southern Asia and islands of the south-west Indian ocean (Goebel FR, 1999). Since 1999 when this pest species was positively identified in Mozambique (Way & Turner, 1999) CIRAD and SASEX have collaborated with two sugarcane estates in Mozambique on a biological control programme against this major pest, namely Marromeu and Mafambisse. The development of a pheromone trap in Mauritius for this pest has facilitated some field monitoring (Anon, 1975). The task of monitoring moth populations in the field forms an integral part of the biological control programme because the pupal parasitoid (Xanthopimpla stemmator) is being released as a first step (Conlong & Goebel, 2002). The purpose of this visit was mainly to confirm the efficiency of a simple pheromonebaited trap that is routinely used in Reunion to monitor Chilo populations in the field. The other purpose was to determine the current status of this pest in the sugar estates, particularly in Marromeu, where the sugarcane crop has been re-established recently. Infestation level and natural egg parasitism were evaluated. The efficacy of these types of traps was confirmed which is very encouraging for further work using this monitoring method. The advantage of these traps is that they are easily constructed, and they are relatively simple to operate. These particular features would make these traps particularly suitable for use under the conditions experienced in Mozambique. These traps are also presently being used to monitor for the presence of this sugarcane pest species in South Africa. It was particularly encouraging to see that these traps are effective at low moth populations which makes them ideally suited for use as an early warning system of low populations. An added advantage from this work is from the experience and skills obtained in the field on pheromone trapping techniques. This will be incorporated into the current collaborative SASEX/CIRAD research project on the development of a pheromone trap for the stemborer species Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Anon, 2002). Of the three trap models evaluated in Mozambique the inverted funnel trap was the model that was effective. Field trials showed that these traps when placed at canopy height (23m) and baited with 2mg of the synthetic pheromone yielded the highest catches. No clear information was obtained about the required density of the traps, due to low catches. The opportunity to visit Mozambique to study these pheromone-baited traps has provided valuable information that can be used for the work on this topic by CIRAD and SASEX on this important topic. (Resume d'auteur)


Barred mudskipper (Periophthalmus argentilineatus) has a potency to be developed as protein for human consumption and ornamental fish. The fish also has an important role in mangrove ecosystems. Nevertheless, many barred mudskippers have been considered a cryptic species. Therefore, accurate identification is needed to clarify species identification of the barred mudskipper using DNA barcoding.  This research aimed to identify barred mudskippers from Tekolok Estuary (East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia) using COI mitochondrial gene as a DNA barcode and analyze genetic relationship with other barred mudskippers from several regions of Indonesia recorded in GenBank. This study used a PCR method with universal primers FishF2 and FishR2.  The data was then analysed using DNASTAR, BLAST, Mesquite, MEGA, DnaSP, BEAST, GenAlEx, and NETWORK. The results revealed that barred mudskipper from Tekolok Estuary has been verified as Periophthalmus argentilineatus. The results also exhibited that P. argentilineatus from Tekolok Estuary has a close genetic relationship to P.argentilineatus from Tukad Bilukpoh (Jembrana, Bali).  In addition, phylogenetic analysis showed that P.argentilineatus from Indonesia consisted of two clades with a genetic distance of approximately 6.64%. This analysis revealed evidence of the cryptic diversity of P.argentilineatus from Indonesia. Further detailed studies are needed to clarify whether Indonesian P.argentilineatus should be categorized into more than one species or single species with several subspecies.


While the nineteenth century in Britain witnessed a dominant migration from rural areas to urban centres, the twentieth century saw the reverse; in the latter, a mass movement to the suburbs in the interwar period was followed by a longer distance exodus, to further suburban extensions and across the postwar green belts to established and new towns in the country. In fact, the patterns in both centuries were always more complex, with countervailing trends and differences based on class, ethnicity and region. Our understanding of this process, therefore, depends on detailed studies as well as grand narratives, and we should be indebted to Mark Clapson for highlighting one particular aspect, the outward movement of the working class in the second half of the twentieth century. Driven out by postwar redevelopment in the cities, as well as by choice, Clapson shows that much of this movement was planned, in the sense that local and new town authorities designed the reception estates and settlements and in many cases managed the migration itself. Interestingly, the process was caught in the crossŽre of two opposing ideologies. One was a deep rooted anti-urban bias, that could be invoked to support the rhetoric of leaving the city. The other was oppositional, in the form of an antisuburban ethos, fuelled by a succession of largely city or country based observers who regard the suburbs as dreary and comformist. Such generalized and often ill-founded critiques have been given free rein by the relative neglect of the subject by social historians, an omission that is surprising if only in view of the millions of people who have been a part of the suburban process. Clapson sets himself the task of Žlling this gap, and in offering an altogether more optimistic appraisal of social change than that of the few social historians who have previously entered this territory. He approaches his task through a series of chapters that examine, Žrst, the historical background and setting of the process, the reasons why people moved in the Žrst place, and then various ways in which migrants have responded to their new situation. Each of the topics generally is well referenced, with a comprehensive coverage of ofŽcial as well as academic studies (drawn from North America as well as Britain). There are references to the early garden city movement, but surprisingly no mention of the Town and Country Planning Association, which has been an important agent in favour of postwar decentralization and whose journal over the years is packed with articles on different aspects of this. The recent celebration of the centenary of this organization is testimony to a continuing role. One might also have looked for a more direct consideration in the text of the various works of Alison Ravetz, who has sensitively recorded the changing nature of working-class homes. Planning Perspectives, 15 (2000) 91–105


BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to verify if hospital policies and practices, independently of main maternal sociodemographic determinants, influence initiation and duration of breastfeeding.

METHODS
The study was carried out at the Immunization Centre of Messina where all infants born in the four maternity wards of Messina are vaccinated, using a structured questionnaire, constructed in conformity with the methodology suggested by the WHO.

RESULTS
Data analysis, performed by non-parametric and multivariate analysis of variance and by Kaplan-Meier curves, showed that the highest probability rate (P < 0.001) of initiation and duration of breastfeeding, independently of maternal age, parity, education levels, smoke and work was found in infants born in a University Hospital, characterized by earlier times of first suckling, longer hospital stay and higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge.

CONCLUSION
Our data emphasize the role and responsibility of hospital policies and practices in the promotion, and in the duration of breastfeeding.


The information presented about the active protection system (APS) AWiSS was and is still funded by the German procurement agency (BWB) as part of the definition phase for an new generation of light armored vehicles. The requirements concerning general system approach, the AWiSS system design and the systems specification are presented. Program related milestones and demonstrations are discussed.


The qualitative approach Ninety percent of all physics is concerned with vibrations and waves of one sort or another. The same basic thread runs through most branches of physical science, from acoustics through engineering, fluid mechanics, optics, electromagnetic theory and X-rays to quantum mechanics and information theory. It is closely bound to the idea of a signal and its spectrum . To take a simple example: imagine an experiment in which a musician plays a steady note on a trumpet or a violin, and a microphone produces a voltage proportional to the instantaneous air pressure. An oscilloscope will display a graph of pressure against time, F ( t ), which is periodic. The reciprocal of the period is the frequency of the note, 440 Hz, say, for a well-tempered middle A – the tuning-up frequency for an orchestra. The waveform is not a pure sinusoid, and it would be boring and colourless if it were. It contains 'harmonics' or 'overtones': multiples of the fundamental frequency, with various amplitudes and in various phases, depending on the timbre of the note, the type of instrument being played and on the player. The waveform can be analysed to find the amplitudes of the overtones, and a list can be made of the amplitudes and phases of the sinusoids which it comprises. Alternatively a graph, A (ν), can be plotted (the sound-spectrum) of the amplitudes against frequency (Fig. 1.1).


Though the Parthian relics of "Letter to Mar Ammo by Mani" in the Parthian language was coined by later people,it still had research values. This paper translates it into two forms of Chinese versions and makes detailed annotations,and discusses in detail its Buddhism color,compiling forms and date.


The m e m o r y m a p corresponding to t h a t given by Sussenguth is shown in Figure 3; the tree itself is shown in Figure 4. On a variable wordlength computer, such as the R C A 501, this revision would d e m a n d a 50 percent increase in storage requirements; less flexible machines might d e m a n d a 100 percent increase. E v e n in this l a t t e r case, the proposed m e t h o d is superior as ~,:ill be shown. Consider a filial set of size s. If the i;h m e m b e r of the set is selected as the s t a r t i n g point in the search, the original set is p a r t i t i o n e d into three subsets with 1, s-n and n-1 members. The average search times for these The Dangling "else" Dear Editor: I cannot help feeling that Kaupe [A Note on the Dangling else in ALGOL 60, Comm. A C M. 6, 8 (Aug. 1963)] is tackling the problem in the wrong way. Admittedly it is possible to specify rules which allow us to interpret all his examples unam-biguously, but is this really what is needed? Computers and programmers exercise different processes in analyzing a program, and the most desirable feature of a programming language is that it should be impossible for a piece of program to mean one thing to the programmer and another quite different thing to the computer. One good example of this is a string such as a/2 × c. Most, or at any rate many, mathematicians would interpret this naturally as meaning a/(2 × c), whereas an ALGOL compiler must treat it as (a/2) × c. is inherently ambiguous in the same sense, and the vagaries of layout on the page can do a great deal to add to the confusion. It seems clear that in this kind of situation the needs of the programmer are much better served by a Restriction on what he may write, rather than by a definition of the presumed meaning sets are 1, 1 + T .... and 1 + T,_i respectively. The average search time is therefore T~ =-1 [ 1 + (1 + 7' ..... "~As-n) + (t. …


– Abstract – Residential construction projects arethe major part of overall construction industry. Cost, schedule overruns and rework are common in this industry and therefore various construction management practices can be applied in residential construction projects. Hence this area has been focused for the study. This study concerned about how just in time technique can be applied at the residential construction projects in Pune city.Hence the purpose of this paper was to investigate the applicability of JIT and current situations on the construction site through questionnaire survey, site observations and interviews. This survey helped to understand and identify barriers and difficulties that may be encountered in the implementation of just in time technique and propose effective and efficient means of technique to be adopted by the construction projects in Pune city.


A distal end rigid portion ultrasound probe 17 arranged in 10, the suction and forceps opening 22 provided in the vicinity of the ultrasonic probe 17, the treatment instrument insertion channel 25 and communicating with the suction and forceps port 22 a negative pressure channel 48, includes a control valve 49 for variably adjusting the negative pressure for suction is transmitted to suction and forceps port 22 through the treatment instrument insertion channel 25 and the negative pressure channel 48 into two or more states, a super constituting the ultrasonic endoscope 2.


Symbolism of a sword in German culture is considered. Transforming imaginations of a sword's role of over past centuries is revealed. A sword is represented as an object invested personal qualities and special magical behaviors.


Spontaneous uterine rupture during pregnancy can cause severe complications, even maternal and fetal demise. We report successful management of a spontaneous fundal uterine rupture in a 32 week pregnant who had undergone two previous cesarean sections due to preterm delivery. We explain causes of spontaneous uterine rupture and the management of this rare event in the presented case report.


Total anorectal reconstruction after abdominoperineal excision of the rectum has failed to achieve perfect continence. Electrically stimulated reservoir evacuation in combination with an electrically stimulated gracilis neoanal sphincter might improve results. A J pouch was constructed in an isolated colonic loop of seven dogs. Bipolar square wave pulses were delivered via two intramural stainless steel electrode pairs at 10 Hz. Stimulation parameters were varied to achieve adequate contraction. Serosal strain gauges recorded spontaneous and stimulated pouch motility. Evacuation was quantified by a volume displacement technique and observed fluoroscopically. Recordings were performed for a median of 3 (range 1–11) months. At 10 Hz and 0·5 ms pulse width, stimulation was required for 2 min and at voltages of 15 V (n = 4), 18 V (n = 1) and 20 V (n = 2) to obtain a contraction of amplitude comparable to that of a spontaneous contraction. Suprathreshold stimulation invariably resulted in colonic pouch contraction. The mean(95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.)) stimulus‐response latency was 25·5(1‐9) s. The mean(95 per cent c.i.) intraluminal pressure generated during stimulation was 114±1(17±0) cmH2O and 64±6(12±0) cmH2O during spontaneous activity (P<0±001). In conclusion, electrical stimulation via intramural electrodes produced contraction generating sufficient intraluminal pressure to effect evacuation of a canine colonic pouch. This has potential for incorporation with an electrically stimulated neoanal sphincter in total anorectal reconstruction to improve evacuation and continence.


For either the vacuum vidicon tube or vacuum microelectronic flat panel camera (FPC) tube, the performance from any kind of photoconductive device type is dependent mainly on the advance in the field of photoconductive materials and the structure of the photosensitive target. A CdSe film n-type semiconductive photoconductive material can be prepared and formed into a multilayer junction-type structure with high light electric conversion efficiency and remarkable photoelectric performances. The authors have developed a new multilayer CdSe photoconductive target consisting of 5 layers - SnO/sub 2/-CdSe-CdSeO/sub 3/-As/sub 2/Se/sub 3/-Sb/sub 2/S/sub 3/ with a junction-type structure and remarkable performances. A new heat treating technology consisting of both vacuum heat pre-treatment technology (VHPT) and the non-vacuum heat after-treating technology (NHAT) has also been developed. In this paper, the authors investigate the effect of vacuum heat pre-treatment on the properties of CdSe multilayer targets used for FPCs.


Increase in photovoltaic (PV) systems integrated into low-voltage (LV) distribution networks has created a pressing need for analysis of the effects of these systems on power quality and supply reliability. The main aim of this study was to analyze the effects of small-scale PV-system power generation on voltage quality in a rural LV distribution network. In the analysis based on real field measurements, the numerical and graphical methods of data analysis were used. Thus, correlations between PV-system power (P(pv)) generation and voltage quality parameters in the LV-grid were examined.


A new bitter principle named sugereoside[1], C26H42O8, has been isolated from the leaves of llex sugerokii Maxim. var. brevipedunculata. The structure of [1] has been confirmed as the glucoside of abbekutone [6] in terms of the hydrolysis with acid and emulsin.Another bitter principle named ilesugerin [18] C26H32O14 has been isolated from the leaves of llex sugerokii Maixim. var. longipedunceclata, a phenolic compound named sugeronin [24], which is a glycoside of p-hydroiysenzyl benzoate linking with glucose and xylose, has been isolated.


Most of the wedding shops in the domestic market are more focusing on simply copying the designs of foreign wedding dress designers than making their own designs. Beyond the purpose of how to improve the wedding dress designs which is what other previous studies were aiming, this study goes deeper than that, concentrating on separate designing of dress for a wedding celebration and a rehearsal with photo shoots. Add to this, the study also differentiates itself from others in the past, investigating how to make a gown that hides a bride`s physical shortcomings. For this study, the researcher studied the literature in terms of theoretical review, and conducted the empirical research through the photo analysis of 2,725 wedding dresses which brides really wore according to domestic brides` body shapes, their images, and situations. The researcher designed 8 wedding dresses for wedding ceremony and rehearsal shooting for brides with thick arms or wide shoulder under the concept of `Romantic Story in Your Heart`. The wedding dress`s image types for photo analysis were limited to the romantic type, the elegance type, the modern type, and the classic type. The researcher applied the empire-silhouette, the one-shoulder neckline, the raglan sleeves, the cap sleeves, and the shoulder accessories to the wedding dress designs judged as effectively making up defects in body shape and making nice images as well as other design factors seen from the analysis result.


The paper 'Zoom: a case-study' explores the process of the staging of a hybrid performance that took place in September 2021 in Malta as a response to the Covid scenario. This production was watched online and live, with actors performing, using both realities.  The project also explores the notion of space, whether it is the virtual, as opposed to the 'real', and the different spatial dynamics that this performance occurred in. In fact, the performance happened in two 'real' spaces, connected one to the other through an intricate use of screens and cameras, in such a way that whichever way the audience decided to watch the performance in, they could still understand the narrative of the play. The paper is analysed by juxtaposing literature on hybridity against the experiences of the different stakeholders involved in this production, namely, the co-producers, the director (the researcher of this paper), the technical director, the actors and members of the audience, with the aim of analysing and evaluating the dynamics of the production as a model of good practice and discern whether it can provide a framework to work in for the restricted reality that the local industry is in currently, as well as for the future.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of slaughter body weight on the quantitative characteristics of carcasses and the yield of commercial cuts of young Nellore bulls. Twenty-four non-castrated, 11-month-old, feedlot-fed Nellore bulls were distributed in a completely randomized design, in three treatments: 350 kg, 400 kg or 450 kg of body weight at slaughter (SBW). Slaughter was performed in a commercial slaughterhouse. The data were analyzed by an ANOVA followed by a Tukey test (p ? 0.05). SBW had no relationship with dry matter intake (6.05 kg/day or 75.74 g/kg BW0.75), feed efficiency (22.16) or feed conversion (4.67). Average daily gain was different depending on the SBW. Animal slaughtered at 350 kg had gained 1.17 kg/day, whereas animals slaughtered at 400 and 450 kg had gained 1.49 and 1.47 kg/day, respectively. Cold carcass weight increased with SBW (189.50, 209.33, and 242.39, respectively). Other carcass characteristics, like pH at 48 h (5.75), cold dressing carcass (52.61%), chilling losses (1.79%), fat thickness (5.54 mm), marbling (3.34 points), intramuscular fat (6.68%), longissimus muscle area (63.10 cm2) and sarcomere length (1.60 ?m), were not affected by SBW, but SBW increased cold carcass weight. The treatments had effects on the primary and commercial cut weights. However, the cut yields for the forequarter (39.84%), hindquarter (47.82%) and side-cut (12.34%), and the secondary cuts: chuck (14.38%), hump steak (1.94%), shoulder clod (16.97%), brisket point end (5.56%), neck steak (1.00%), striploin (7.77%), outside flat (5.30%), topside (9.36%), tenderloin (2.16%), flank steak (3.41%), eyeround (2.67%), rump tail (1.20%), rump eye (3.89%), shank (4.44%), knuckle (5.25%) and rump cap (1.40%), were not affected by SBW. SBW did not influence (p > 0.05) the commercial cut compositions for all cuts in the forequarter and hindquarter. Finishing young bulls in a feedlot is a strategy to produce beef with reduced feed costs. After all, the slaughter body weight (350, 400 or 450 kg) influenced the quantitative characteristics of the carcass; however, it did not affect the yield of commercial cuts from young Nellore bulls.


Data management is the basis of pipeline integrity management. Through comparison of available pipeline data models, referring to theories and applications of pipeline integrity management around the world, and considering the operation experience and necessity of long-distance pipeline integrity management in China, the data model of longdistance pipeline integrity has been established with APDM's advantages in data gather division and spatial information management. The model is mainly based on data structures of multiple data sets, such as accident hazard, identification and assessment, inspection and evaluation, and subsea pipeline. It uses more detailed elements of pipeline flaws, hazard origin, inspection way, areas with high consequences, risks and integrity evaluation information, and also unifies the reference standards of data types, topology mode and format precision. Moreover, data dictionary has been established. Combined with Geodatabase spatial database, central line features and element expression rules along the line have been decided to develop database of pipeline integrity management. The data model of long-distance pipeline integrity has been applied in the integrity management of a crude oil pipeline, which can basically meet the needs for data management of the pipeline.


To discuss the cumulative damage of hollow concrete-filled steel tubular bent frame columns under seismic loading,three-dimensional finite element simulation model under static and dynamic conditions was established based on ADINA.According to the mechanical characteristics and damage deformation of the steel tube and core concrete in concrete-filled steel tube structure,a multi-axial damage and cracking constitutive model was applied to concrete materials, and double linear constitutive model was applied to steel tube.The plastic damage law of steel tube and concrete were investigated under static working loads and seismic loading.The results showed that the concrete was without damage under static working loads,but the core concrete was prone to cracking and the steel tube was prone to buckling if the hollow ratio was greater than 0.35under seismic loading;the maximum horizontal displacement was in line with the requirements of the current specification and the hollow concrete-filled steel tubular composite bent frame column was quite capable of seismic resistance obviously.


AbstractKalecki's writings reveal a unique style of analysis and exposition of ideas. His theoretical essays are contributions to theory with very little explicit reference to the theoretical debates of his time and to the tradition of economic thought which they sought to continue. At the same time, at critical points in his analysis, Kalecki's argument is moved by explicitly empirical, rather than theoretical considerations. An examination of his way of working suggests an intuitive deductive way of drawing conclusions from his ideas. However, when this style of work is viewed in combination with its empirical content, and the chronological schedule of his contributions to economic theory, it becomes clear that Kalecki's analysis is essentially an empirical deductive one that is similar to that used by the classical economists, Ricardo and Marx. This explains the absence of any explicit theoretical nexus, and the importance of empirical considerations in his theoretical discourse.


Ants represent a pinnacle of social evolution in that all species are highly eusocial, except for some that have secondarily lost this social system. Eusocial species have a reproductive division of labor, and highly eusocial species have overlap of generations and have reproductives and worker helpers that are morphologically distinct. Many ants, and many termites, go further and have elaborate caste systems, in which nonreproductives are further differentiated morphologically. Whence came this marvel


This dissertation analyzes Ovid's Metamorphoses through the lens of praise and blame poetry and focuses on Pindar and possible allusions to epinician poetry. In particular, I look at the Apollo and Daphne episode (Met. 1.452–567), Lycaon's transformation (Met. 1.163–252), the armorum iudicium (Met. 12.620–13.398), and Ovid's praise (or not) of Julius and Augustus Caesar during the end of Metamorphoses 15 (Met. 15.745–879). In Chapter 1, I discuss how reading the Apollo and Daphne episode in the context of Pythian 9 and the founding of Cyrene illuminates darker aspects of Roman Ktisissagen by altering the epinician paradigm. Chapter 2 concerns the Lycaon episode and the way in which Jupiter takes on the role of an iambic poet. Chapter 3 consists of an analysis of Ulysses' speech and structural correspondences with praise poetry in Ovid's account of the armorum iudicium. In my conclusion, I consider Ovid's use of epinician topoi during the end of the Metamorphoses. When read through a Pindaric lens, these episodes illuminate Ovid's use of praise and blame poetry and his relationship with Augustus at this point in his career.


We're honored to welcome you to the fifth Richard Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing Conference, and our first event in the Pacific Northwest.

Your involvement is critical to the success of the conference, and we encourage you to attend the technical program, visit the exhibit tables, network with your colleagues, and enjoy the social activities. This year's technical program, including papers, panels, workshops, posters, Birds-of-a-Feather sessions, a Doctoral Consortium, and a Robotics Competition, is the strongest in the conference series history. To add to the program, we are honored to have the following plenary speakers: Hector Garcia-Molina, Stanford University; Ann Gates, University of Texas at El Paso; Charles Isbell, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jane Margolis, UCLA; and Mario Pipkin, Microsoft Corporation. In addition to its technical content, the conference includes presentations on initiatives to increase the number of individuals from underrepresented groups succeeding in computing-based careers.


Introduction: The patient with stroke often experience on psychological disorder such as anxiety and depression that lead to biologycal aspects such as on cytokin. The objective of the study was to analyse the corelation between psychological respons (anxiety and depression) and biological respons (cortisol, ifn-γ dan tnf-α) in ischemic stroke patients by home care holistic model approach.Method: This study applied an experimental research with quasy experimental design. The study was conducted in the area of Surabaya by selecting ischemic stroke patients after being hospitalised at "A-Seruni room, Medic IRNA, Dr. Soetomo hospital". A sample of size 40 was patients divided equally into two groups, control and treatment groups. The treatment and control groups respectively received holistic home care and home care. The depression and anxiety level were measured by using questionnaires and observation technique, while Cortisol level, IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were measured by using ELISA quantitative technique. The data was analyzed by using Levene's test for homogeneity of variance, t-test and correlation test.Result: The statistical analysis shows there was a significant difference between psychological response in control group after intervension with p = 0.000 for anxiety, and p = 0.000 for depression. For biological response, there is a significant difference p = 0.007 for cortisol and p = 0.000 for TNF-α. However, there is no significant difference in IFN-γ with p = 0.425. The correlation test result shows there was signi fi cant correlations between anxiety and biological responses such as Cortisol with r = 0.724 and p = 0.038; IFN-γ with r = 0.475 and p = 0.034; TNF-α with r = 0.592 and p = 0.006. Furthermore, there was positive correlation between depression and biological responses such as Cortisol with r = 0.705 and p = 0.033; IFN-γ with r = 0.454 and p = 0.044, TNF-α with r = 0.561 and p = 0.010.Conclusion: Holistic home care could improve the psychological responses by decreasing anxiety and depression level and also could improve biological responses by decreasing Cortisol, IFN-γ and TNF-α level in ischemic stroke patients.


Hepatic microbodies were first described in 1956 by Rouiller and Bernhard (1) and by Gansler and Rouiller (2). In the rat, they are round or oval bodies that are somewhat smaller than mitochondria. They are delimited by a unit membrane and possess a moderately dense matrix and a dense core or nucleoid with a distinctive crystalloid arrangement. Microbodies have been characterized biochemically in rat liver and kidney by de Duve and his colleagues (3, 4). Density gradient centrifugation of rat liver has yielded fractions with numerous microbodies and high levels of urate oxidase (uricase), D-amino acid oxidase, and L-a-hydroxy acid oxidase, oxidases that form hydrogen peroxide, and catalase, an enzyme that destroys hydrogen peroxide. Because hydrogen peroxide is either the product or substrate of these enzymes, the term "peroxisome" has recently been proposed for these particles (5). A preparation with an 80-fold purification of urate oxidase contains a great number of free crystalloid cores (4). These observations suggest that D-amino acid oxidase and catalase are present in the matr ix and that urate oxidase is present in the core. Ra t kidney microbodies have no detectable urate oxidase activity (3). I t is of interest that in published electron micrographs, as in our own studies, rat kidney microbodies have central densities but no crystalloid structures (see Fig. 10 in reference 6). Although fish, amphibia, and most mammals exhibit urate oxidase activity, primates (including man), birds, and most reptiles lack this enzyme. The absence of urate oxidase in human and chick liver is consistent with the absence of the nucleoid in specimens examined in the electron microscope (7). This report describes the presence of crystalloidcontaining microbodies in a biopsy specimen of human liver.


A device (1) preformed for delivering benefit agents to the skin, hair or nails, the device comprising a sheet (2) solid gel having a first surface and a second surface (12, 16) opposite where the gel sheet comprises one or more gelling agents and at least 10% dermatologically acceptable hydrophilic solvent, characterized in that the first surface is at least partially coated with a composition (14) discrete coating comprising at least one benefit agent skin, hair or nails.


In this paper, the band gap structure and transmission properties of a one-dimensional Fibonacci quasiperiodic structure containing MoS2 monolayers have been studied. At first, the Fibonacci series and the arrangement of dielectric layers and MoS2 monolayers have been introduced. So, the transmission spectrum of the structure for 3, 4 and 5 orders of Fibonacci series have been studied for TE and TM polarizations, using the transfer matrix method. Finally, the photonic band gap structure of above-mentioned Fibonacci series orders has been investigated in the visible and UV region. The results show that, the presence of MoS2 causes to appearance of new gaps. Also, as increasing the orders of Fibonacci series, the gaps occurs at higher frequencies.


This work concerns the prediction of the response of an uncertain structure to a load of short duration. Assuming an ensemble of structures with small random variations about a nominal form, a mean impulse response can be found using only the modal density of the structure. The mean impulse response turns out to be the same as the response of an infinite structure: the response is calculated by taking into account the direct field only, without reflections. Considering the short duration of an impulsive loading, the approach is reasonable before the effect of the reverberant field becomes important. The convolution between the mean impulse response and the shock loading is solved in discrete time to calculate the response at the driving point and at remote points. Experimental and numerical examples are presented to validate the theory presented for simple structures such as beams, plates, and cylinders.


Modeling of socio-economic development of regions enables to reveal imbalances and major trends in regional development and predicts the effects of management decisions. Such facts provide scientific basis for devising effective national strategies targeted at regulation of regional development. This paper presents a methodical approach to the construction of scenarios of economic development of the regions of Ukraine which is based on the concept of system dynamics, takes into account the impact of the shadow economy and enables to select a set of government regulation instruments. The proposed simulation model reflects the fundamental processes taking place in the region in forms of material, financial and information flows. The model regulates three basic areas: taxation, investing and budgeting that greatly extends the capabilities of a multiple choice while modeling. The devised system-dynamic simulation model of socio-economic development of Kharkov region includes the following blocks: economy, population, investments, foreign economic activities, budgeting, innovation activities and taxation. Leaning on the results of the model operation, the author substantiates the choice of scenarios of socio-economic development of Kharkov region.


This study analyzes the distribution of property crimes among small communities within a metropolitan area. We have tested whether a pool of criminals operating within a metropolitan area allocates its aggregate activity according to a rational pattern. The theoretical model based on utility maximization shows that, given a set of relatively reasonable assumptions, the number of offenses is positively related to the potential criminal gains and negatively related to police effectiveness. Community characteristics affect the level of criminal activity in each community, an hypothesis which is supported by the empirical results pre sented here. The concentration of wealth and commercial activities attracts crime, whereas the clearance rate deters crime.


The scaling of semiconductor technology together with 3D IC stacking integration make it possible for many portable electronics to process large amount of multimedia data. AC-coupling enables chip placed face-to-face for signal transmission using close-field capacitive coupling. A high performance system design using AC coupled interconnect (ACCI) technology not only achieves shorter and faster interconnection between dies but also increases packaging density. This paper describes a chip-to-chip circuit design suitable for high-speed 3DIC interconnected applications. The AC-Coupled face-to-face (F2F) chip was simulated using HSPICE with TSMC 0.18-μm 1P6M CMOS technology process file under a 1.8 V supply voltage. The simulation results indicated the proposed circuit with the self-test characteristics can achieve differential signal transmission up to 2.5 Gbps.


Ten of 15 hypophysectomized newts with pituitary xenografts from larval axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum, survived for over 140 days, regenerated amputated limbs and underwent occasional molts. Newts from which the larval pituitary graft was removed underwent typical hypophysectomy symptoms: sluggishness, lack of molting and death within 30 days. The results suggest that the pituitary of the larval axolotl, when implanted into the adult newt, secretes the hormones which are essential for survival and limb regeneration of the adult newt. Furthermore, pituitary xenografts to newts survive as long as pituitary homografts.


ABSTRACT : Aquaporins (AQPs) are molecular water channels that play important physiological roles in fluid transporting organs. The expression and function of AQPs in the immune system are largely unknown. CD11(a―d)/CD18 integrins are adhesion molecules expressed on leukocytes, which play a critical role in leukocyte adhesion, migration and host defense. In the present study, we suggest that the expression of aquaporin water channels on spleen CD positive cells, and the content of CD positive splenocytes in aquaporin may regulate the migration of blood cells. Recent studies and their analysis suggested remarkably decreased monocyte/macrophage subpopulation and significantly decreased granulocyte subpopulation. This is the first hypothetical report suggesting an important role of AQP in the trafficking of hemapoietic cells. Key words: Aquaporin, Spleen, Lymphocytes, CD147, Erythrocytes Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, Tamilnadu, India Please Cite This Article As: Manoj G Tyagi and Premkumar Thangavelu. 2010. A Possible Role of Aquaporin Water Channels in Blood Cell Migration in Spleen; Interaction with Cluster of Differentiation Molecules. J. Exp. Sci. 1(4):41-42.


A new way of raising cuttings survival rate for Populus tomentosa cuttage propagation was studied in this paper. By soaking 1/3 top of cuttings with paraffin wax in 5.8 hm 2 in 1995~1997,the experiment reached good results. The results show that this method can not only raise cuttings survival rate but enhance biomass of cuttage seedlings compared with the method soaking cuttings in water. Raising percentages of survival rate, height, base diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of young plant by cutting are respectively 28.9%,36.1%,76.8%,98.6% and 89.5%. Average rooting number of treated cuttings is 15.3 , but contrast is only 7.9.


The problem of non-compliance with microbiological safety indicators of finished bakery products and flour of different types is formulated. It is noted that the reason for the development of bread disease, which is caused by pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, is poor quality flour. The solution of the problem is offered by use of symbiosis of lactic acid bacteria as a part of leaven which possess antagonistic properties in relation to many activators.
               According to the results of microbiological research, pathogens of bread disease in wheat, spelled, oat and rye types of flour have been identified.The pathogenic microorganisms present in the flour lead to accelerated spoilage of bread, reducing its nutritional value and safety in terms of microbiological parameters.
               It is proposed to test the effectiveness of the use of biotechnological principles, which are based on the antagonistic properties of lactic acid bacteria. To determine the biosafety of the obtained yeast, microbiological studies were performed by seeding yeast samples on elective nutrient media Saburo, Blikfeldt, GMF agar, bifido- and lactoagar.
               An improved leaven formulation for baking needs with an increased titer of lactic acid bacteria, which have powerful antagonistic powers, has been developed. Experiments have shown the effectiveness of the use of symbiosis of pure cultures of lactic acid bacteria in the composition of leavens to suppress diseases of bread, namely pathogens  – Aspergillus niger, Mycormucedoand Bacillus subtilis.
            The use of unleavened leavens with a high content of pure cultures of lactic acid bacteria in the practice of baking unleavened bread based on gluten-free types of flour contributes to the expansion of the range of functional bakery products.


Let X be a locally compact and σ-compact abelian group and let denote the dual group of X. We denote by ξ a fixed Haar measure on X and by the Haar measure associated with ξ. In [2], we show the following Theorem. Let (αt)t≧0 be a sub-Markov convolution semi-group on X and let ψ be the negative definite function associated with (αt)t≧0. Then (αt)t≧0 is transient if and only if Re (1/ψ) is locally -summable.


We proposes a method to estimate secret message length of secret message embedded using quantization index modulation (QIM) based data hiding in digital images. The Secret Message Length estimation equation is constructed used for embedding ratio estimation. Our experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed steganalyzers can is a reliably way to estimate the secret message length of QIM based data hiding.


A sensitive and rapid approach to perform testosterone (T) competitive immunoassay by microchip electrophoresis (MCE) with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed. The assay is based on the competitive immunoreactions between T and N‐(4‐aminobutyl)‐N‐ethylisoluminol‐labeled T (ABEI‐T) with a limited amount of antibody (Ab), and the rapid electrophoretic separation of an equilibrated mixture of ABEI‐T‐Ab complex and free ABEI‐T, followed by CL detection using horseradish peroxidase‐catalyzed ABEI‐H2O2 system. Free ABEI‐T and the ABEI‐T‐Ab complex are well separated within 30 s under the assay conditions. The developed method could be used to determine T with good precision and a detection limit lower than 1.0 nM. This method was applied for the quantification of T in human serum. The results demonstrated that the current MCE‐CL‐based competitive immunoassay maybe served as an alternative tool for clinical analysis.


The cooperative control technology of robot formation can sense all kinds of external environment in real time. It is a multi-functional control and management system including visual recognition, task management execution and distribution, behavior decision-making and so on. It can easily adapt to all kinds of harsh environment. In order to meet the efficient response requirements of robot formation control, a real-time transmission system of robot cooperative motion control is built based on the Internet of things platform, which collects and feeds back the trajectory of multiple robots. Through particle swarm optimization deep learning algorithm, more accurate identification, prediction and guidance of the robot's next action. Finally, the simulation of robot formation motion is established by MATLAB software, which verifies the feasibility of particle swarm optimization deep learning neural network algorithm under the Internet of things technology. Compared with the traditional robot formation control method, the optimized control method has faster convergence speed, smaller error and more accurate position, which provides method guidance for the accuracy and efficiency of robot formation control technology.


The aim of the study is to evaluate risk factors of disability in a population of 64 patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. The subjects were consecutively recruited at the day hospital service of an Alzheimer's dementia care unit. The associations between activities of daily living and age, cognitive status, affective status, cognitive symptoms duration and number of diseases were evaluated within a multidimensional assessment programme. Cognitive performance, as detected by the Mini‐Mental Status Examination, was the main independent predictor of disability; other independent predictors of disability were age and cognitive disease duration. Number of diseases—physical and mental–and self‐rated depression scores were not independently associated with disability. It is concluded that, in a population of Alzheimer's patients, cognitive impairment has a high impact on the aetiology of disability, but other variables such as age and disease duration should be taken into account. It is also suggested that cognitive performance is the most important indicator of performance in activities of daily living.


Using a pacer when administering fitness tests reduces the practicality of testing. Additionally, presuming that a pacer is needed for all Special Olympics athletes is potentially discriminatory. We examined the need for a pacer to enhance performance and the test retest-reliability of the six-minute walk test administered with a pacer (Criterion-m6MWT) and without a pacer (No-pacer 6MWT).  Participants were n=18 Special Olympics athletes (men = 12, Mean age=37 years (SD=10.1) with low support needs. After familiarization, participants completed the Criterion-m6MWT and the No-pacer 6MWT. The order of the tests was randomized. A week later, participants completed these tests again. There were no significant differences between any of the walk distances and both the Criterion-m6MWT and the No-pacer 6MWT had high test-retest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients =.90 and .93, respectively. The interclass correlation coefficients between the first administration of the Criterion-m6MWT and both of the No-Pacer tests were not as strong (i.e. r=.65 and r=.65) as the relationships between the second administration of the Criterion-m6MWT and both No-Pacer tests (r=.81 and r=.87). These results suggest that adult Special Olympics athletes with relatively low support needs can perform the 6MWT without a pacer if the familiarization process is expanded to include a complete 6MWT.


—Since the introduction of newborn screening, public health pol icy making has addressed the twin goals of providing organized preventive health care and achieving universal access to these services. Simultaneously, consumer rights movements have led to the expectation that medical rights will be understood and respected whether a test or treatment is voluntary or mandatory. Although universal identification and intervention programs have become feasible with the development of reliable screening methods, the tran sition from screening to follow-up presents challenges. To ensure timely follow-up while balancing social goals with individual rights, effective clinical commu nication is essential. Legal and risk management considerations surrounding informed consent, notification of results, and confidentiality assist the clinician in developing policy and procedural guidelines for quality assurance in this cru cial area.


The present invention includes a tubular portion 20, and the heating element 40 in the tube portion 20 has a graphite thermal conductor 43 connected to the heating elements 40, the heat conductor 43, the graphite sheet or a laminate thereof, the graphite sheet has an area is not less 4 mm Further, the present invention provides a heat radiating linear material wound spirally such that a portion of the graphite sheet or laminate overlap each other, the thickness of the graphite sheet is 50nm ultra 9.6μm or less.


Deriving formal specifications from informal requirements is difficult since one has to take into account the disparate conceptual worlds of the application domain and of software development. To bridge the conceptual gap we propose controlled natural language as a textual view on formal specifications in logic. The specification language Attempto Controlled English (ACE) is a subset of natural language that can be accurately and efficiently processed by a computer, but is expressive enough to allow natural usage. The Attempto system translates specifications in ACE into discourse representation structures and into Prolog. The resulting knowledge base can be queried in ACE for verification, and it can be executed for simulation, prototyping and validation of the specification.


Along with the expansion of the power grid and transmission line in Xinjiang,especially the construction of ultrahigh pressure transmission project.Due to the special region environment in Xinjiang,the length of the most fiber optic cable line is more than 250 kilometers,it needs to increase the light relay station to realize long distance transmission.But the light relay stations adopt unattended,most of them are in the Gobi desolated beaches and the environment is bad,the reliability of power supply is not high,the operation and maintenance are difficult,the safety of light relay station facilities exist hidden dangers.So the adoption of the traditional light transmission mode cannot solve the problem of long distance transmission business.The remote pump transmission technology is that inserts the erbium-doped fiber and gain medium in the optical cable circuit to provide light amplification.It is suitable for passing the desert,plateau,lake and the inconvenience regions of power supply.It solves the problem that the traditional light transmission mode cannot long business transmission,reduces the operating maintenance and increases the economic benefit.


In the article is analysed literary text as a culture phenomenon. Cultural information functionates in text and consists of artefacts, elements of linguistic world picture, concepts. Cultural element of the text is also investigated as a source which forms linguistic and multicultural competence.


Objective There are many active ingredients in sports nutrition, and nitrate is gradually being valued by sports nutrition and product developers. Supplementation of nitrate is a practical method to increase circulating plasma nitrite, thereby increasing NO bioavailability. However, the existing research has rarely reported the dose effect between nitrate supplementation and changes in exercise efficiency and capacity. The mechanism of action of nitrate is not fully understood yet. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of different doses of nitrate on the exercise capacity of rats, as well as the detection of [Ca2+] and calreticulin (CRT) expression in the gastrocnemius, soleus and extensor digitorum longus, trying to figure out the effects of different doses of nitrate supplementation on calcium homeostasis in different types of muscle fibers.
Methods 40 SD rats (8-week-old) weighing 270-290 grams were randomly divided into control group (C group, 8), exercise control group (EC group, 8), exercise with low-dose supplementation group (ELN group, 8), exercise with medium-dose supplementation group (EMN group, 8) and exercise with high-dose supplementation group (EHN group, 8). Sodium nitrate was used as exogenous nitrate for oral gavage. The intragastric concentration was 0.3 mmol/day/kg body weight in the ELN group, 0.7 mmol/day/kg body weight in the EMN group, and 1.0 mmol/day/kg body weight in the EHN group. The others were orally administered with normal saline. All exercise groups (EC, ELN, EMN and EHN) underwent 3 days adaptive low-intensity treadmill training with slope 0°, speed 16 meter/min, and the time is 5 min, 10 min and 15 min incrementally. 24 hours after the end of the last gavage, a one-time exhaustion treadmill experiment was started. The running platform slope was -16°, the speed was 16 meter/min. Exhaustive experiment participants were not aware of the grouping of rats. Immediately after the end of exhaustive exercise, the rats were weighed and anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital solution. Blood is collected for testing [NO2-]. The gastrocnemius, soleus and extensor digitorum longus were collected for testing NOS activity, tissue [Ca2+] and CRT expression.
Results (1) Compared with the EC group, the exhaustion time of the other exercise groups was prolonged. The exhaustion time of the EMN group was very significantly prolonged from that of the EC group (P<0.01). The exhaustion time of the EMN group was significantly prolonged from that of the EC group (P< 0.05). At the same time, the difference between the EMN group and the ELN group was statistically significant (P<0.05). (2) Serum [NO2-] in the supplemented nitrate groups (ELN, EMN and EHN) was higher than that in the EC group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The serum [NO2-] in different groups (ELN, EMN and EHN) raised with the increase of nitrate concentration, and the difference between each adjacent concentration group was statistically significant (P<0.05). (3) In the gastrocnemius, soleus and extensor digitorum longus respectively, there were no significant differences in TNOS, iNOS and cNOS activities between the groups (P>0.05). (4) In the gastrocnemius, compared with the EC group, the [Ca2+] (P<0.05) and CRT expression (P<0.05) in the EMN group were significantly decreased. There was no difference between the ELN vs EC group (P>0.05) and the EHN vs EC group (P>0.05). (5) In the soleus, the [Ca2+] (P<0.05) and CRT expression (P<0.05) in the EMN group were significantly decreased. There was no difference between the ELN vs EC group (P>0.05) and the EHN vs EC group (P>0.05). (6) In the extensor digitorum longus, compared with the EC group, the [Ca2+] (P<0.05) and CRT expression (P<0.05) in the EHN group were significantly decreased. There was no difference between ELN and EC group (P>0.05). The expression of CRT in EMN group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), but there is no difference of [Ca2+] between EMN and EC group (P<0.05).
Conclusions (1) 6-day sodium nitrate supplementation is a reliable method to increase serum [NO2-] concentration. (2) 6-day sodium nitrate supplementation can prolong the duration of one-time exhaustive exercise in rats, and the dose of 0.7mmol/kg/d is the best. (3) Sodium nitrate supplementation can affect the [Ca2+] and the expression of CRT in skeletal muscle after one-time exhaustive exercise. Different concentrations of sodium nitrate have different effects on different types of muscle fibers.


Consumer's demand for functional food has considerably increased beyond just providing the basic nutrients due to its greater potential to reduce the risk of the diseases and enhance healthy gut microbiota. Non-diary probiotic product with numerous advantage and health benefits is certainly a field to be greatly explored. Here the work focuses on the development of pomegranate beverage with additional functional components, i.e., lactobacillus as probiotic culture immobilized with prebiotic alginate beads- synergetically forms a synbiotic product with greater nutritional significance. Different species of Lactobacillus, L.casei, L.plantarum, L.acidophiluswere studied. Fermentation was carried out. Based on the viability, pH, and other chemical analysis which were conducted to check the efficient use of the substrate, a strain was identified for further process development. Our future work comprises immobilization of the strain with alginate beads and introducing it with the beverage to enhance and acquire desirable product quality.