Objective To analyze the high-risk human papilloma virus infection in patients with cervical adenocarcinoma, to provide the basis of the etiology of the cervical adenocarcinoma. Methods 258 cases of cervical adenocarcinoma from January 2003 to December 2010 in Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected, 426 cases of cervical squamous carcinoma from January to December 2009 in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Duchang County were chosen. Human papilloma virus infection was compared. Results The HPV infection rate of 258 patients with cervical adenocarcinoma was 58.5%(151/258), the HPV infection rate of adenocarcinoma(un-specified), mucinous adenocarcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma, serous adenocarcinoma were 52.6%(10/19), 62.6% 87/139), 52.1%(25/48), 52.2%(24/46)and 80.0%(4/5) respectively; the differences of cervical adenocarcinoma HPV infection rate in different pathological type were not statistically significant(P = 0.365). There were 139 cases mucinous adenocarcinoma, in which 114 cases were endocervical subtype, 14 cases were minimal deviation adnocarcinoma, 2 cases were intestinal subtype, 9 cases were villoglandular adenocarcinoma and the HPV infection rates were 63.2%(72/114), 35.7%(5/14), 100.0%(2/2), 88.9%(8/9) respectively; the HPV positive rates for stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ were 70.0%(77/110), 52.2%(47/90), 46.6%(27/58) respectively and the differences between stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱand stage Ⅲ were statistically significant(P 0.05). HPV relevance ratio of cervical adenocarcinoma with tumor size ≤4 cm was 69.1%(56/81), the HPV relevance ratio of cervical adenocarcinoma with tumor size 4cm was 53.7%(95/177), the differences were statistically significant(P = 0.021); HPV infection rate of cervical adenocarcinoma in patients with ≤ 45 years old was 68.6%(94/137), HPV infection rate of cervical adenocarcinoma in patients with 45years old was 47.1%(57/121), the differences were statistically significant(P = 0.01); HPV infection rate of cervical squamous carcinoma was 91.1%(388/426), the difference was statistically significant with HPV infection rate of cervical adenocarcinoma(P 0.01). Conclusion The occurrence of cervical adenocarcinoma has correlation with HPV infection, HPV infection rate of different pathological type of cervical adenocarcinoma is similar. The HPV infection rate has the depressed tendency with the the HPV infection rate of cervical adenocarcinoma is prominently lower than that of cervical squamous carcinoma.


Welcome to the first issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions , the fourth of 6 new journals to join the AHA family. The AHA Scientific Publishing Committee made the decision to expand the AHA journals because it recognized that to fulfill its mission to widely and effectively disseminate scientific information, it should more effectively address the needs of the subspecialty areas in cardiology.

Interventional cardiology, perhaps more than other fields of cardiology, has realized tremendous growth. For my younger colleagues, it is hard to remember the time before coronary angioplasty. Early pioneers like Charles Dotter, Melvin Judkins, and Eberhardt Zeitler introduced the concept of peripheral angioplasty in the 1960s, but it was not until Andreas Gruentzig developed a unique inelastic balloon catheter that permitted access to small and tortuous coronary vessels that coronary angioplasty become a reality. His genius was not only that he dared to perform the first coronary angioplasty in September of 1977 (only 31 years ago) but that he carefully and thoughtfully guided the early development of the procedure with the power …


Objective : to define the optimal time and technique of repeated transrectal prostate biopsy (RTPB) in patients with atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP). Subjects and methods : RTPB was performed in 210 patients with first diagnosed ASAP. The study was conducted on an average 8 (range 1 to 12) months after the first biopsy and involved 12, 14, 16, and 18 biopsy cores. Results : According to the results of repeated biopsy, prostate adenocarcinoma was verified in 64.8% (136/210) of cases. The highest detection rate was found with biopsy schemes including 16 and 18 cores 1 and 3 months after the first biopsy (p < 0.05). Conclusions : ASAP is a precursor of prostate cancer and its presence in the morphological specimen during the first biopsy requires RTBT in the early periods irrespective of PSA levels.


The selected incumbent(s), interprets, and applies technical guidelines to analyze archeological data in preparing reports, for situations where precedents are not fully applicable. Makes recommendations to be used in "determinations of effect" and "determinations of eligibility" by the archeologist. Compiles and reports information about the nature and extent of known cultural resources. Incumbent also helps with marketing Enterprise Program Heritage services, and obtaining and performing work that contributes to the care and understanding of heritage resources. Up to four positions may be filled as a permanent seasonal with a guarantee of 13 pay periods. Positions may be filled on one or more Enterprise Units. The selected applicants must possess highly developed skills in communications and human relations in order to maintain good working relationships with customers and other team members. Incumbent must have knowledge of Forest Service policies and procedures. This position requires approximately 80 percent travel.


The repair of the Modular Attitude Control Subsystem (MACS) of the Solar Maximum Mission Observatory is described. The module retention system for the MACS, and the protection hardware required for the replacement of the MACS are examined. The procedures and EVA performed by the Space Shuttle astronauts for the replacement of the MACS are studied.


This study seeks to determine the workings of a system of acreage allocation given price and yield uncertainty so as to identify the role that uncertainty in market output has in acreage allocation decisions.


The topic of deep learning systems has received significant attention during the past few years, particularly as a biologically-inspired approach to processing highdimensional signals. The latter often involve spatiotemporal information that may span large scales, rendering its representation in the general case highly challenging. Deep learning networks attempt to overcome this challenge by means of a hierarchical architecture that is comprised of common circuits with similar (and often cortically influenced) functionality. The goal of such systems is to represent sensory observations in a manner that will later facilitate robust pattern classification, mimicking a key attribute of the mammal brain. This stands in contrast with the mainstream approach of pre-processing the data so as to reduce its dimensionality — a paradigm that often results in sub-optimal performance. This paper presents a Deep SpatioTemporal Inference Network (DeSTIN) — a scalable deep learning architecture that relies on a combination of unsupervised learning and Bayesian inference. Dynamic pattern learning forms an inherent way of capturing complex spatiotemporal dependencies. Simulation results demonstrate the core capabilities of the proposed framework, particularly in the context of high-dimensional signal classification.


The aim of this work is to investigate theoretically the dynamical characteristics of Nd:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide lasers. A novel theoretical model to describe the laser dynamics has been developed and implemented; it has the capability to take into account the transversal dynamics of the population inversion, represented with a transversal orthogonal function expansion, and the longitudinal gain saturation effects due to the pump absorption and to the population inversion dynamics. The Nd-doped LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide laser has been considered pumped in the 814 nm wavelength region. The model has been compared with the available experimental data. Results are presented in various operation conditions.


Lattice Boltzmann method is relatively new method in the field of computational fluid dynamics. It has been derived from lattice gas automata and is still under development. Basic steps of the LBM (collision, streaming, boundary conditions, macroscopic quantities) will be presented. Comparison with the finite difference method that uses Navier-Stokes equation on a lid driven cavity benchmark test will be made.


For advancing the development and deepening the reform of high-level sports team in Chinese universities,with the methods of documentary information and theoretic analysis and actual investigation,the article discusses the current training status of high-level speed skaters in Chinese universities and thinks the guidelines running well the high-level speed skating team should be started from a correct orientation,the source of students should be the basic groundwork running the team,setting up rational management mode may ensure the sustainable development of high-level speed skating team.It also analyzes the current training status of speed skaters from following aspects of the contradiction between learning and training,coach team and logistic support of high-level speed skating team in universities.It suggests some countermeasures to advance the team development and skaters training from multi aspects such as the recruitment means,academic management,achievement management,enrollment management of speed skaters in universities.


The use of conservative parallel simulation techniques to accelerate multistage interconnection network simulation is addressed. The conventional null-message approach to resolving the deadlock problem in conservative simulation may lead to a livelock if lookahead cannot be guaranteed. We propose a new deadlock/livelock free scheme using null messages, but without the presumed lookahead, to co-ordinate the parallel simulation. A flushing mechanism to address the combinatorial explosion of memory consumption due to such null messages is also discussed. Our analysis shows that the proposed flushing mechanism effectively reduces the memory consumption from exponential to linear. Different partitioning and transformation techniques are used to map the simulation program onto multiprocessor platforms. Both the empirical and analytical results show an exceptional phenomenon that a balanced simulation workload distribution may not necessarily translate into better run-time performance.


Articles in this journal are concernedwith quality and are primarily based on research. In this short article the focus is on the user of the services, the patient and their carer.


Application of the Caltech-VioSense Defocusing DPIV Camera (DDPIV) to bubbly flow will be presented. The wake of a specially designed hydrofoil (loaned to us by Prof. Lasheras of UCSD), which generated a large quantity of small air bubbles in water, was studied. The camera was used to measure both the bubble velocity field and the bubble size distribution and several locations and freestream velocities. The DDPIV system is designed to measure fully three-dimensional fields in a time-resolved manner. The third dimension is measured using the defocusing principle: in effect, the distance from the focal plane can be inferred from the degree to which an image is out-of-focus. (See Pereira, et al, 2000, EF 29: S78S84.) Since standard DPIV video equipment is used, this volumetric three-component data can be captured in realtime. Furthermore, the light intensity and three-dimensional location are used to infer the particle size information. For bubbly flows, this means that the three-dimensional bubble field can be measured – with simultaneous measurement of the velocity and size distribution. For this experiment, several hundred velocity/bubble fields were measured for each case, resulting in bubble statistics from as many as one million bubbles per run. The camera was able to interrogate a volume approximately five centimeters cubed, and measurements were taken with the volume centered at three downstream stations: one, eight, and ten chords. Freestream velocities of 0.75 and 1.5 meters per second were used, resulting in a chord Reynolds number of 57,000 and 110,000, respectively. The velocity of the bubbles was measured, showing the change in the velocity defect with downstream distance. The velocity fields appeared nearly identical, once scaled by the freestream velocities. Bubble size distributions were measured at the same conditions. These measurements show that the two velocities did not result in the same bubble population. In particular, at the higher speed, a lack of larger bubbles was found, shifting the distribution to smaller size. The DDPIV camera was shown to be a useful tool in studying three-dimensional bubbly flow fields. It can simultaneously measure both the velocity field and the sizing information of such bubbles. Further studies are currently underway to understand the interaction between bubbles (singly and in groups) within boundary layers. 1 Now at INSEAN, Italy.


Abstract There is a widespread belief that the adjective "Irish" is a general synonym for "unique". The foundation for this belief is nowhere stronger than in the field of demography. During the past century, while the populations of the countries of Western Europe and of the British Dominions have been rising, that of the twenty-six counties which now constitute the Irish Republic has fallen from 6,529,000 in 1841 to 2,961,000 in 1951. As compared with these other countries, the Irish Republic has the lowest marriage rate, the highest age at marriage, the highest fertility rate and the highest emigration rate. A Commission on Emigration and other Population Problems was appointed in April, 1948, to examine, inter alia, the social and economic effects of the birth, death, emigration and marriage rates, and to investigate the causes and consequences of the present level and trend of population. Its Report, a limited stencilled edition of which appeared last autumn, provides an exhaustive statistical review...


Abstract Panskyite, Pd9Ag2Pb2S4, is a new mineral (IMA2020–039) discovered in the platinum-group element mineralisation of the Southern Kievey ore occurrence of the Fedorova–Pana layered intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia. It forms tiny anhedral grains (of 0.5 to 10 μm in size) in the interstices of rock-forming silicates, often forming tiny inclusions in base-metal sulfides (millerite, chalcopyrite, bornite and chalcocite) and complex intergrowths with other platinum group minerals (zvyagintsevite, laflammeite, vysotskite, thalhammerite, unnamed phase Pd9Ag2(Tl,Pb)2S4 and others). In plane-polarised light, panskyite is creamy white with weak bireflectance, weak pleochroism and distinct anisotropy with brown to grey rotation tints; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values for panskyite in air (R1, R2 in %) are: 43.8, 44.1 at 470 nm; 44.4, 44.7 at 546 nm; 45.6, 45.8 at 589 nm; and 47.2, 47.2 at 650 nm. Twelve electron-microprobe analyses of panskyite gave an average composition: Pd 55.61, Ag 12.36, Pb 23.50, Fe 0.21, Ni 0.24 and S 7.17 total 99.09 wt.%, corresponding to the formula (Pd9.05Fe0.07Ni0.07)Σ9.19Ag1.98Pb1.96S3.87 based on 17 atoms; the average of nine analyses on the synthetic analogue is: Pd 57.02, Ag 14.17, Pb 21.81 and S 7.44, total 100.44 wt.%, corresponding to Pd9.07Ag2.22Pb1.78S3.93. The density, calculated on the basis of the empirical formula, is 9.81 g/cm3. The mineral is tetragonal, space group I4/mmm, with a = 7.973(3), c = 9.139(3) Å, V = 581.0(4) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure was solved from the single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data of synthetic Pd9Ag2Pb2S4. Panskyite is isostructural with thalhammerite (Pd9Ag2Bi2S4). The mineral name is for the locality, the Pansky massif of the Fedorova–Pana layered intrusion in the Kola Peninsula, Russia.


A study has been made of the emission spectra at room temperature, in aqueous and alcoholic media, of 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine (APP) and some of its methylated derivatives. The cationic forms APPH+, N2-methyl-APPH+ and N7-methyl-APPH+ exhibit intense fluorescence under these conditions, the first two exhibiting excitation spectra which differ from the absorption spectra, pointing to the existence of a tautomeric equilibrium in the ground state. From the shape of the excitation spectra, and comparisons with methylated analogues in fixed tautomeric forms, it follows that the emission of APPH+ originates exclusively from the species N(2)-H,N(7)-H+, the other forms being non-fluorescent. The proportion of the emitting species, calculated from the excitation wavelength dependence of the quantum yield, is in good agreement with data for the ground state. The emission spectrum of APPH+ in aqueous medium consists of two bands with λmax 360 nm and 430 nm, which exhibit identical excitation spectra, but are quenched to different extents by H3O+. The 430 nm emission band is absent in alcoholic media. A similar behaviour is exhibited by N7-methyl-APPH+, whereas the neutral form of this analogue exhibits only the 430 nm band. These results indicate that the long wavelength emission band of APPH+ originates from the rare tautomeric species N(7)-H formed in the excited state by photodissociation of the N(2)-H proton from the species N(2)-H,N(7)-H+. This is further confirmed by results obtained with the aid of the basicity method, as well as by salt efects in non-aqueous media. Consideration is given to the possibility of such processes occurring in other analogues of nucleic acid derivatives.


cancers but not in normal, terminally differentiated adult tissues. The expression of survivin In embryonic and fetal development was investited. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies demonstrated strong expression of survivin in several apoptosis-regulated fetal tissues, including the stem cell layer of Sifid epilia, endocrine pancreas, and thymc mella, with a pattern that did not overlap with that of another apoptosis Inhibit, bd-2. A sequence-speific antibody to survivln Immunoblotted a single -'16.5-kd survivin band inhuman fetal hmg, liver, heart, kidney, and gastrointestinal tt. Inmouse embryo, prominent and nearly ubiquitous dibtion of sunvin was found at embryonic day (E)11.5, whereas at E15 to -21, survivln expression was restricted to the distal bronchiolar epithlium of the hmg and neural-crest-derived cells, incuding dorsal root


Abstract A robust nonlinear control strategy is proposed to deal with the control problem of robotic manipulators with second order nonlinear actuator dynamics. The control scheme is composed of two stages: the nominal dynamics stage and the perturbed dynamics stage. The control at the nominal dynamics stage and the perturbed dynamics stage. The control at the nominal dynamics stage is aimed at exact linearization and input/output decoupling of the nonlinear actuator‐manipulator system in the task space by nonlinear feedback and nonlinear state space diffeomorphic transformations. The resulting closed‐loop nominal system is capable of precise trajectory following in a desired second‐order linear behavior. To compensate uncertainties in a practical situation, an optimal error correcting compensator is designed to achieve some robustness at the perturbed dynamics stage. Simulation study of a cylindrical robot is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


The present invention provides a nozzle lip cleaner and a slit coater using the same, the nozzle lip cleaner comprising: a cleaner main body; a blade support unit that has a first blade support member coupled to the cleaner main body; a blade unit that has a first blade, the rear end of which is coupled to the first blade support member, and the front end of which is brought into contact with the surface of the nozzle lip in order to scrape liquid chemical off the surface of the nozzle lip after the liquid chemical is discharged; an angle adjustment unit that has a first angle adjustment member provided in the cleaner main body to adjust the relative position between the front end of the first blade and the surface of the nozzle lip while moving the first blade support member; and a support pin unit that has a first support pin member disposed between the first blade support member and the first blade to serve as the center of rotation of the first blade in a width direction such that the front end of the first blade is brought into contact with the surface of the nozzle lip in parallel when the first blade support member moves.


With the development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) within the market and organization spheres, consumers and workers produce large amounts of digital traces (cf. big data) that provide information on their consumption and manufacturing activities. In as much as what we name Dashboards on Big Data (DBD) have precisely the function of improving and facilitating traces of use exploration, we suggest in this paper to rely on a qualitative survey in order to deal with the following question : to what extent do DBD contribute to improve the innovation process within the organization ? If DBD promote companies incremental innovation process, as an innovation management tool, it is possible, however, to question their contribution to breakthrough innovation processes. JEL Codes : A14, O13, M15


An interface circuit between a subscriber's telephone line and exchange control components, with a reduced current consumption in the case of a grounded cable, includes a control circuit which senses the increase in the amplitude of the longitudinal currents on the line due to the grounded cable condition and consequently controls the disconnection of the current supplied to the line. However, the line is still supplied periodically for very short periods so as to reduce as far as possible current consumption during the grounded cable condi tion, but to allow the control circuit to sense the re moval of the breakdown and to restore the normal cur rent supplied to the line.


In this paper, we defined new two-fractional derivative operators with a Wright function in their kernels. We also gave their Laplace and inverse Laplace transforms. Then, we presented some connections between the new fractional operators. Furthermore, as examples, we obtained solutions of differential equations involving new fractional operators. Finally, we examined the relations of the new fractional operators with the fractional operators, which can be found in the literature.


Binders for road-marking paints, comprising a (meth) acrylate copolymer A and one or more olefinincally unsat urated monomers B which can be cured by adding free radical initiators C, wherein the binders have mass fractions of from 20 to 80% of the (meth)acrylate copolymer A and from 80 to 20% of the olefinically unsaturated monomers B, where the (meth)acrylate copolymers A are obtainable by reacting, mass fractions of, from 10 to 50% of compounds A1 Selected from the group consisting of from 10 to 50% of compounds A1 selected from the group consisting of monoexpoxides, lactones and lactams having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, from 1 to 25% of olefinically unsaturated monomers A2 which contain at least one acid group Selected from the group consisting of carboxyl groups, Sulfonic acid groups and phosphonic acid groups, from 5 to 70% of methacylates A3 of linear, branched or cyclic alchohols having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, from 2 to 84% of acrylates A4 of linear, branched or cyclic alcohols having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and also if desired, up to 70% of other vinyl monomers A5 by free-radical polymerization, where the compounds A1 are first charged and the monomers A2 to A5, and also a free-radical initiator A7, are added.


T0 completely understand a phenomenon we must first define it; unfortunately, there is not one agreed upon definition of "Sharing Economy." In addition, there are at least 17 different terms referring to the Sharing Economy (Dredge and Gyimóthy 2015), while a preliminary literature review uncovered 48 different definitions of "sharing economy" alone. The dictionary definition of sharing economy is "economic activity that involves individuals buying or selling usually temporary access to goods or services especially as arranged through an online company or organization" ("Sharing Economy | Definition of Sharing Economy by Merriam-Webster" 2017). Sundararajan (2016) prefers use "Access Economy," describing it as "the value in taking underutilized assets and making them accessible to a community, leading to a reduced need for ownership of those assets" (Sundararajan 2016, p. 30). Some prefer "Collaborative Consumption," defined as "the peer-to-peer-based activity of obtaining, giving, or sharing access to goods and services, coordinated through community-based online services" (Hamari 2013, p. 3). Less used, is the term "Access-Based Consumption," defined as "people coordinating the acquisition or distribution of a resource for a fee or other compensation" (Barnes and Mattsson 2017, p. 282). An even simpler definition is given to the term "Access Economy," defined as "provides temporary access to consumption resources for a fee or for free without transfer of ownership" (Eckhardt and Bardhi 2016, p. 210). With so many terms and definitions of the same phenomenon, there is an opportunity to develop one that is all-encompassing, which would help develop proper boundaries for the phenomenon. We propose to do this using textual analysis on the definitions in the most cited publications and books.


Background: The increased threat of bioterrorism and the outbreaks of new infectious diseases require rapid identification of clusters of illness. The increased availability of electronic data in health care makes real-time surveillance of diseases possible. Therefore, we investigated the possibilities of using electronic medical records from primary care for real-time surveillance in The Netherlands. Methods: Real-time surveillance systems were identified by a search in Medline. The selected surveillance systems were evaluated using criteria such as representativeness, validity, and timeliness. The characteristics of these systems were compared with those of The Netherlands Information Network of General Practice (LINH). Results: A total of 188 articles were reviewed; 23 real-time surveillance systems were found. Three surveillance systems used electronic data from GPs. Four systems included data representative for the general population. Ten surveillance systems described the coverage of the target population, which varied between 10 and 100%. Only one system had information available about its validity to detect a possible outbreak. Timeliness varied between the systems (<24 h up to a couple of weeks). The LINH network covers a representative sample of 3% of the Dutch population. Validity to detect outbreaks is not yet studied. Morbidity data can be reported on a weekly basis. Conclusions: Primary care based systems can be used and are being used for real-time surveillance. However, in The Netherlands, the coverage of LINH is low compared with existing real-time surveillance systems elsewhere. Therefore, data from LINH can only be used when a particular disease is spread nationwide with a high incidence. For real-time surveillance of rare diseases, the number of participating GPs needs to be increased. Alternatively, a system with fast recruitment of GPs after the identification of a regional outbreak is needed. The feasibility of these two scenarios will be discussed. (aut. ref.)


Liquid/LiNbO/sub 3//sapphire structure is proposed for high frequency liquid sensors, and the characteristics of leaky surface acoustic wave (leaky SAW) propagating along the layered-structure are examined by the numerical calculation based on the first-principle-equations. It is found that electromechanical coupling constant becomes maximum at Eulerian angles of (0,0,30+60n degree) (n: integer), whereas, shear horizontal component of the leaky SAW, which is coupled with the viscosity of the liquid, becomes large at other propagation directions. The maximum electromechanical coupling constant for glycerin/LiNbO/sub 3//(00.1) sapphire is about 1.3%, and the maximum leaky SAW velocity for water/LiNbO/sub 3/ (10 /spl mu/m)/(00.1) sapphire (30 MHz) is 5390 m/s. These results indicate that this layered-structure is useful for high frequency liquid sensors.


Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare but aggressive form of invasive breast cancer accounting for 3–6% of all cases and have higher rates of distant recurrence. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are known to predict outcome in metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients, but little is known about their prognostic significance in non-metastatic BC. We hypothesized that CTCs can be identified in patients with IBCs and may correlate with primary tumor characteristics. Methods: All patients had blood samples collected at the time of primary surgery. CTCs (per 7.5 ml blood) were detected using the Cell Search™ system (Veridex) and were defined as nucleated cells lacking CD45 but expressing cytokeratins (CK) 8, 18, or 19. The presence of ≥ 1 epithelial cells meeting morphologic criteria for malignancy was considered a positive result. Statistical analyses employed Chi square and Fisher9s exact tests using STATA IC 11. Results: We prospectively evaluated 41 IBC patients enrolled in an IRB approved protocol undergoing surgery for stage I-III breast cancer. Median follow-up was 30 months. Mean age was 52 years. Thirty five patients (94%) had positive lymph nodes (LNs) at presentation, 30 (75%) had high-grade tumors and 20 (53%) had lymphovascular invasion. Eleven patients (28%) were ER positive, 11 (27%) were PR positive and 18 (44%) were HER2 positive. IBCs were more likely to be high grade (P Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-17.


Retinoic acid (RA) regulates the transcription of a series of genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by binding to the RA Receptor (RAR) and Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) heterodimers. The cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2) is involved in the transport of RA from the cytosol to specific RA receptors in the nucleus, acting as a coactivator of nuclear retinoid receptors. In order to have a better understanding of the role of CRABP2 in RA signaling, we used the yeast two-hybrid system as a tool for the identification of physical protein-protein interactions. Twenty-three putative CRABP2-interacting proteins were identified by screening in the presence of RA, five of which are related to transcription regulation or, more specifically, to the process of chromatin remodeling: t-complex 1 (TCP1); H3 histone, family 3A (H3F3A); H3 histone, family 3B (H3F3B); β-tubulin (TUBB) and SR-related CTD-associated factor 1 (SCAF1). These results suggest a more direct role for CRABP2 in chromatin remodeling and may be a starting point for the elucidation of the fine-tuning control of transcription by RA receptors.

Keywords: CRABP2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two-hybrid system.


1.Sensitization to ACTH is becoming more frequent; symptoms may include urticaria, angio-edema, convulsions, shock and death. 2.Eight reactions are reported including three with cerebral manifestations and one with shock. 3.Convulsions may be due to either an allergy or a predisposition to epilepsy. We were unable to determine which of the two was present in our three patients. 4.Our reactions were probably due to ACTH itself, rather than to any contaminating antigen. 5.ACTH remains a valuable drug, but should be used only when indicated. Once a patient has reacted to it, he should not receive it again.


The tolerance of fourwing saltbush (A triplex canescens) and cuneate saltbush (Atriplex cuneata) to the salts in processed oil shale was studied in a greenhouse experiment over an ECe range of 4 to 38 mmho/cm. Growth responses differed, depending on the species and the particular salt or salts in the soil solution. Cuneate saltbush was more salt tolerant than fourwing saitbush, but both species survived and grew at salinities as high as 38 mmho/cm. Because of their high salt tolerance these saltbush species may be very important for use in the rehabilitation of processed oil shale disposal sites. Commercial scale surface retorting of oil shale will result in large amounts of processed shale that may be deposited in canyons as land fill. Any lessee of federal prototype oil shale lands is required to "rehabilitate affected lands to a useable and productive condition. . .compatible with existing adjacent undisturbed natural areas. . .that will support fauna of the same kinds and in the same numbers as existing at the time the basline data were obtained. . ." (Federal Register 1973). Establishment of vegetation must be considered as one of the prime steps of rehabilitation. One of the major obstacles to successful plant establishment on processed oil shale is high salinity. Electrical conductivities of saturation extracts (ECe's) of several processed shale samples ranged from 9 to 26 mmho/ cm in studies of Schmehl and McCaslin (1973) and from 5 to 22 mmho/cm in our studies (Institute for Land Rehabilitation 1979). Soils are usually considered saline when ECe values reach 4 mmho/cm (Richards 1954). In addition to the total salinity, as measured by EC, the specific ion composition of the shale may have important effects on plant growth as well. The predominant soluble salts in processed oil shale are sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, while concentrations of chloride salts are relatively low (Schmehl and McCaslen 1973). For example, the first liter of leachate obtained from columns of paraho processed oil shale at Utah State University contained 509 milliequivalents per liter (meq/ l)Na +, 436 meq/ 1 Mg++, 882 meq/ 1 SO4'and only 14.1 meq/ 1 CL(Institute for Land Rehabilitation 1979). The leachate also contained 23.5 meq/l Ca,19.3 meq/ I K+, and 1.6 meq/l HCO3 . Two plant species of interests for rehabilitating processed oil shale in Utah are fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) and cuneate saltbush (Atriplex cuneata). Both species are native to the federal oil shale lease tracts, U-a and U-b, in eastern Utah (VTN Colorado, Inc. 1977). The species are noted for their salt and drought tolerance and their forage value (Blauer et al. 1976). These two species occupy different Authors are research associate and director, Institute for Land Rehabilitation, Utah State University, Logan 84322. This study was conducted as a project of the Institute for Land Rehabilitation, Utah State University, and was supported by funds from the White River Shale Project, Vernal, Utah. Manuscript received July 13, 1979. habitats and may have different soil requirements and salt


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for stably forming a fine organic thin film with reduced impurities which can rapidly form the film, and to provide a solution for forming the organic thin film used for the method. SOLUTION: The organic thin film forming method has a process of making the solution for forming the organic thin film into contact with the surface of a substrate. The organic thin film forming method is characterized in that the solution for forming the organic thin film is prepared by treating a metal based surfactant having a hydroxy group or a hydrolyzable group in a solvent with at least one kind selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal carried on a carrier, a metal salt carried on a carrier, a metal oxide carried on a carrier, a chelated or coordinated metal compound and a metal nano particle, and water. The solution for forming the organic thin film is also disclosed. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI


A semigroup [Formula: see text] is right noetherian if every right congruence on [Formula: see text] is finitely generated. In this paper, we present some fundamental properties of right noetherian semigroups, discuss how semigroups relate to their substructures with regard to the property of being right noetherian, and investigate whether this property is preserved under various semigroup constructions.


Introduction: The clinical management of Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) substantially varying among general practitioners, specialists and physical therapists belonging to the same country, resulting in a wide spectrum of approaches. Objective: To determine how outcome expectations influence conservative treatment of working-age patients with CLBP. Methods: This is a narrative review of studies investigating or reporting an association between patients' expectation and conservative treatment in patients with CLBP in working-age. Narrative review's guidelines were followed during the design, research, and reporting. Results: The articles were screened by reading the titles and abstracts or full articles. This process resulted in a total of 5 studies that met the selection criteria and were therefore included in the systematic review and considered eligible for quality assessment through the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool and PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) scale. What emerges from the studies included in the review essentially concerned three main topics: (a) the expectations of results, highly influenced by patients' previous experiences; (b) the expectation concerning the clinical professional which includes the desire to receive information and education about the disorder and (c) those about environment or context. Conclusions: The results of the studies analyzed show that certain patients' expectations, such as the expectation of tailored training with frequent follow-ups, the hope for the best possible outcomes, realism or resignation regarding pain relief, activity levels, good dialogue and communication, the need to be seen and confirmed as an individual and the desire to receive an explanation for the pain could be related to a better recovery outcomes.


We proposed a model that included individual and situational antecedents of self-efficacy development during training. Initial performance and self-efficacy levels, achievement motivation, and choice were examined as individual variables. Constraints, operationalized at both the individual and aggregate levels of analysis, were examined as situational influences. Mid-course efficacy was hypothesized to have positive linear relationships with training reactions and subsequent performance, and an interactive relationship with performance when training reactions were considered as a moderator. Survey data were gathered at two points in time from 215 students enrolled in 15 eight-week long university bowling classes. All of the hypothesized antecedents of mid-course self-efficacy were significant except aggregate and individual situational constraints, although both constraints related negatively to training reactions. Time 2 self-efficacy exhibited significant positive influences on training reactions and subsequent performance, but the hypothesized moderated relationship was not supported.


Internet banking is a form of self-service technology. The numbers of Internet users have increased dramatically, but most of them are reluctant to provide sensitive personal information to websites because they do not trust e-commerce security. This project investigates the factors which are affecting the acceptance, experience and satisfaction of E-banking services among customers and also indicates level of concern regarding security and privacy issues. Primary data was collected from respondents, through a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis, descriptive statistics was used to explain profile of respondents and also Regression analyses were used to know trend of internet use and factors affecting e-banking services among customers. The finding depicts many factors like security & privacy, trust, innovativeness, familiarity, awareness level increase the acceptance, experience and satisfaction of E-banking services among customers. The finding shows that in spite of their security and privacy concern, adult customers are willing to adopt online banking if banks provide him necessary guidance. Based on the results of current study, Bank's managers would segment the market on the basis of age group and take their opinion and will provide them necessary guidance regarding use of online banking. Keywords— E-banking, satisfaction


Abstract : Microbarograph data from Nevada atmospheric nuclear tests of 1951-1962 have been assembled to show climatological patterns for long range propagations. Amplitudes have been normalized to 1-kiloton yield, free-airburst, after actual height-of-burst effects were removed. On-site propagations under early morning inversions often showed double the amplitudes expected for standard hemispherical wave expansion. These enhanced blasts were blocked by mountains and did not penetrate off-site. Strong winds at higher altitudes gave as much as 5X blast magnifications at Indian Springs and Las Vegas. Ducting at very high altitude, to 30 miles or 150000 feet, is seasonally directed eastward in winter, westward in summer. Resulting amplitudes in the sound ring near 135 miles range show as large as 3X magnification downwind and 0.006X reduction upwind. On the average the annual cycling in east and west directions ranges from near standard, 1x, downwind amplitudes to 0.016X upwind amplitudes. The seasonal reversal periods when upper winds are nearly calm, occur about May 5 and September 20. At that time amplitudes in all directions shown an average 0.28X reduction below standard.


Abstract This article seeks to utilize the existing literature on referendums to discuss the current situation in Hong Kong in order to make some theoretical and practical contributions to the field of constitutional studies. Theoretically, it attempts to situate and analyse Hong Kong's current situation within Professor Tierney's influential framework on constitutional referendums in order to further develop the constitutional theory in this area. Practically, it analyses, through comparative study, whether (and if so, how) referendums might provide a mechanism through which Hong Kong's constitutional debate could productively move forward. It concludes by reiterating aspects of the Hong Kong experience that have aligned with, and further contributed to the constitutional theory on referendums and representative democracy. Moreover, it recommends that the Hong Kong Government begin consultations towards the tabling of legislation for a non-binding advisory referendum to be developed in accordance with the lessons learned from the jurisdictions discussed throughout the article.


Self-tracking is a powerful means to help individuals monitor and improve their behaviors. While numerous tracking technologies are available, it has been challenging to lower the tracking burden whilst promoting reflection. This is because low-burden tracking technologies utilizing automated sensors reduce people's awareness of their data; reflective tracking approaches, such as manual typing, often impose a high data capture burden. Motivated by speech input's fast and expressive nature, my dissertation examines how speech input complements traditional touch input in supporting self-tracking. Taking a research-through-design approach, I examine the use of speech input in exercise tracking and food journaling, and evaluate a flexible multimodal self-tracking system incorporating touch and speech input in a domain-agnostic context. I hope this work can inform the design of multimodal technologies to support low-burden, engaging, and reflective self-tracking experiences.


The present invention discloses a method of playing the early media session, comprising: CAT caller? AS determines whether the received response to the session 18X called party of the session is the first response carries 18X early media SDP request, if the timer is started; the CAT? Other called party receives the AS session within a timing period of the timer when the request carries the SDP media 18X early response timer expires after the rejecting the session request all the early media SDP, to the calling party generates carries the CAT? AS SDP offer early media request in response to 18X, and sends the calling party. The present invention also discloses an early session media player system. The present invention provides a better user calling of early media experience.


While residential land use change is ubiquitous in Tijuana, it is
not a random process. The presence of commercial or industrial land
uses, for example, can make certain areas more or less desirable places
to live. This can affect the socioeconomic character of a neighborhood
and influence the amount of investment people are willing to put into
homes in that location. The purpose of this study is to examine features
of the built and physical landscape which affect change in residential
land use. With an understanding of these features, a predictive model
of residential land use change is developed. The predictive capacity of
the model is then tested against observed residential land use change in
Tijuana between 1980 and 1994.
This project
attempts to model residential land use change between 1980 and 1994. By comparing the model's predicted 1994 land use with actual 1994
land use it is possible to uncover and assess explanatory variables.


Supercapacitor's in electric vehicle is estimated that it would reach nearly 59 billion dollars in the market by 2026, and there is a robust development in lithium related batteries for electric vehicle which is majorily attributing to huge investments, so in this approach This paper describes the electrochemical studies of the electrodes for the application of supercapacitors devices using three electrode system, wide range of studies are going on in the field of supercapacitors to increase the overall cyclic stability and collumbic effeciency, power density energy density etc. in this paper we used reduced graphene oxide (carbon material), 85 percent of the active material, 10 percent of the ketjen black (conducting carbon) and 5 percent of PVDF (polyvenyl difluroide + N-methyl pyrolydine as solvent, and reached maximum efficiency of 95 percent at very early stages for around 5000 cycles.


The pH value of the several agar products has been estimated by means of glass electrode. (cf. Table 2, 3 and 4). The results are as follows: (1) The sulphuric acid ordinally used in the process of extraction is not recognized as free acid in the agar products, both naturally and artificially freezed and thawed. (2) The decomposition of the agar sol by the simple heating, (cf. Table 1), effecting on the strength of jelly, and the coloration by the warming of the agar products are remarkably affected by the pH value of the products estimated by solution; if the pH value is lower, these changes are more remarkable. (3) The causes of the phenomena (2) are presumably based on the essential properties of the agar products.


Nebel and Rosshandler contribute texts reflecting on the significance of Moore's documented exploration of the tangible traces of life and death through projects such as: a studio re-enactment of the Pompei catastrophy; an appeal to the Gods at the Delphic Oracle; photographs of fantomatic figures taken in a subway station in Montreal. Monologues by Moore, McAuley and Sullivan articulate their experience of being cast. Artist's statement.


Our previously developed nonlinear dynamical models of the magnetosphere exhibit deterministic chaotic behavior as the solar wind input which drives the systems increases from low to high levels. In this paper we employ the plasma physical analogue model (an extention of the damped, harmonic-oscillator dripping faucet model) to consider explicitly the effect of time-varying the inputs. This work is equivalent to considering the effects of northward and southward turnings of the interplanetary magnetic field for various periods of time. We find that relatively extended episodes (≥2 hours) of turned on input with shorter (∼1 hour) periods of turned off input lead to model behavior much like the continuously driven case. However, going to short input intervals with longer periods of zero input leads to highly irregular and dramatically fluctuating episodes of magnetotail unloading. These results give us insight into the diversity of apparent magnetospheric responses during relatively isolated substorm conditions. This work shows the absolutely critical interdependence (in a nonlinear dynamical system) of input phasing and internal magnetospheric response cycles.


Strong ablative shock waves were generated on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface by intense IR femtosecond laser pulses in a broad fluence range and their basic parameters (pressure, velocity) were acquired by means of a non-contact broadband ultrasonic technique. At moderate laser fluences (F ≥ 0.3 J/cm2), ultrafast formation of a dense, strongly-heated (supercritical) carbon phase is expected, which expands on a fluence-dependent picosecond timescale in the form of a point-like three-dimensional explosion, driving a multi-GPa shock wave both in ambient air and the graphite target. At higher laser fluences (F > 5 J/cm2), critical electron-ion plasma is formed instantaneously during the exciting femtosecond laser pulse, with its strong plasma absorption initiating a TPa-level shock wave (the maximum shock wave pressure ≈ 3 TPa is more than twice the previous maximum for carbon). Because of the ablative removal of the laser-heated surface carbon layer, the following time-integrated structural stu...


One of the critical research issues for the future robot is the avoidance of collisions with people while it moves among them. Therefore, people-tracking and motion prediction are important. People are tracked more readily and successfully by using distributed sensor networks than robot's local sensors. Floor sensor networks, in particular, are resistant to changes in lighting conditions and other environmental disturbances. However, the problem with the system is that a person walking is observed as if it were being done in "rabbit hops": The signal is nonlinear and even nonholonomic. We tackled the problem by assuming that human walking is regular in terms of walking rhythms. Then the signal was modeled by an oscillation model based on four walking parameters: cycles, phases, directions, and strides. To adapt the parameters to irregular walking, the model was multi-hypothesized based upon a particle filtering algorithm. Experimental results showed that the multi-hypothesized oscillation models showed more than 80% tracking accuracy for four walking patterns: straight walking, stop-and-go, turn, and winding walking. Further, the models were superior to the nearest neighbor filter with regard to the performance of data association for two persons.


In the title molecule, C10H8FNO3, the dihedral angle between the fluorophenyl group and the essentially planar [within 0.064 (3) Å] COC=CCOOH unit, which has a Z configuration, is 19.99 (14)°. There is an intramolecular O—H⋯O bond in the molecule involving the acid –OH group and the adjacent carbonyl O atom. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H⋯O bonds lead to the formation of polymer chains propagating along [011].


The feasibility of training sheep to approach a stimulus was investigated in three experimental groups and a control group of fine wool Merino sheep (n = 11 in each group). The experimental groups (n = 11) were trained to approach either a visual (V), auditory (A), or visual + auditory (V+A) stimulus over eight training sessions and were subsequently tested in a T-maze for memory retention on six occasions over a 4-month period. Four testing occasions were spaced at greater than 30 days apart while two were less than 3 days apart. Sheep learned to approach the cues during the training period and the tests indicated that the sheep retained memory of the cues for over 130 days without reinforcement. The controls received no contingency exposure and made no choice in the T-maze test. The proportion of correct stimulus choices (±s.e.m.) in the T-maze averaged over the four longer-spaced testing occasions were V 0.61 (0.06), A 0.50 (0.11), V+A 0.77 (0.04). These differences approached significance (P = 0.058). Sheep trained to the V+A stimulus performed significantly (P < 0.05) better in the T-maze than sheep trained to the A stimulus alone. Comparisons over the shorter-spaced testing durations indicated that the sheep quickly learnt not to approach the stimulus (temporary extinction) when no food reward was available. Individual temperament of the animals was not related to their learning. This study highlights the potential for the use of V and A cues in manipulating the movement of sheep which may be useful for farm management purposes.


The transition from interbank offered rates (IBOR) to the new risk-free rates, and in particular the adoption of the backward-looking approach in place of the forward-looking one, affects the interest rate modeling and the pricing of interest rate derivatives. In this article, we introduce the pricing formula for caplets/floorlets with backward-looking risk-free rates under the one- and two-factor Hull-White model. In particular, we derive the appropriate volatility function for caplets/floorlets to be used in the pricing formula under the two-factor Hull-White model and, implicitly, under the one-factor Hull-White model. Our formulation allows us to obtain, as a particular case, the caplet/floorlet formula under the IBOR environment with a forward-looking rates approach. A numerical analysis is performed to illustrate the main feature of the proposed model and in order to provide a comparison in evaluating caplets/floorlets under both forward-looking and backward-looking approaches.


City pollution to the countryside has accelerated trends,life and health to peasants,the ecology of rural area and the food security for the nation have been infringed and threat seriously.The current environmental laws have dilemmas in the prevention of city pollution to rural area,include the lag of legislation,law enforcement by local interference,difficult to get judicial remedy.Proposed legislation to increase the penalties for environmental pollution,build environmental protection department to implement perpendicular management system,and build Environmental public interest litigation system,work along a lot of lines,containment of pollution transfer from city to rural area.


Based on typical complex hydraulic system with upper and lower surge tanks, different models of hydro-turbine and conduit system used in power system transient stability analysis are presented. Using the user-defined model function of PSASP, transient stability computation is carried out and different models of hydraulic system are taken into consideration. The effect of different hydro-turbine and conduit system models on transient stability computation is compared and analyzed.


There are mainly two types of theories concerning the academic view of the legal norm structure in China's jurisprudential field for long,that is,the theory of three elements and that of two elements.Recently,there is a new theory of three elements initiating some critics over the former two theories,however,the new theory still has some defects such as without divorcing the traditional mode of analysis,i.e.,the synchronic structure analysis of the existence theory is trans- formed into diachronic operational analysis of the functioning theory.The legal norm structure is to be reconstructed via de- fining the structure as the synchronic existence of every elements and thus its static structure characteristics emerges.


The invention provides a lignans chemical compound having the effects of protecting nerve, and preventing and treating the Alzheimer's disease. The schisandra glaucescens diels or other plants are subjected to extraction, separation and purification or chemical synthesis is performed to obtain the lignans chemical compound. Experiments show that the lignans chemical compound can protect the damage to SH-SY5Y nerve cell induced by hydrogen peroxide, cobalt chloride and beta-amyloid to different extents, and can be used to prepare a nerve protection drug or medicine for preventing and treating the Alzheimer's disease.


Background. There is scant population-based information regarding predictors of stroke severity and long-term mortality for first-ever ischemic strokes. The aims of this study were to determine the characteristics of patients who initially presented with first-ever ischemic stroke and to identify predictors of severity and long-term mortality. Methods. Data were collected from the population-based Cerebrovascular Aosta Registry. Between 2004 and 2008, 1057 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were included. Variables analysed included comorbidities, sociodemographic factors, prior-to-stroke risk factors, therapy at admission and pathophysiologic and metabolic factors. Multivariate logistic regression models, Kaplan-Meier estimates, and Cox proportional Hazards model were used to assess predictors. Results. Predictors of stroke severity at admission were very old age (odds ratio [OR] 2.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.75–5.06), female gender (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.21–2.40), atrial fibrillation (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.72–4.44), low ejection fraction (OR 2.22, CI 95% 1.13–4.32), and cardioembolism (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.36–2.93). Predictors of long-term mortality were very old age (hazard ratio [HR] 2.02, 95% CI 1.65–2.47), prestroke modified Rankin scale 3–5 (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.46–2.26), Charlson Index ≥2 (HR 1.97; 95% CI 1.62–2.42), atrial fibrillation (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.04–1.98), and stroke severity (HR 3.54, 95% CI 2.87–4.36). Conclusions. Very old age and cardiac embolism risk factors are the independent predictors of stroke severity. Moreover, these factors associated with other comorbid medical conditions influence independently long-term mortality after ischemic stroke.


Single Fe(001) films (30nm thick) have been epitaxially grown on ferroelectric BaTiO3∕SrTiO3(001) substrates at different growth temperatures to study the mutual interaction between the multiferroic components. This paper reports on the as-grown magnetic properties of the structures as a precursor to a full investigation of the multiferroic interactions. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements were carried out at 36GHz cavity and variable frequency microstrip resonators. Dual resonance modes are observed in the film, which are attributed to relaxed Fe in the film interior and strained Fe at the interface. Fourfold anisotropy is present for both modes with energy density consistent with that of bulk Fe. The interface mode is characterized by a large out-of-plane anisotropy comparable and opposite in sign to the shape anisotropy. This strained interfacial Fe should serve to couple the multiferroic components in this system. Dispersion curves show both optic and acoustic branches along the hard axis [110], with...


This report investigates the utilization of digital camera images (DCIs), sensitive in the visible part of the spectrum, for documentation of seasonal and inter-annual variations in snow cover and plant phenology. The DCIs used were transformed to orthographic images (ortho-image) from ordinary oblique DCIs taken between January 2001 and December 2003 at a sub- arctic mire (Stordalen) in northern Sweden. Snow depletion- and ablation curves and a greenness index (GI) together with climatic parameters were produced to examine the relationship with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) measured with eddy covariance technique (EC).
The snow cover length ranged between 183 and 190-days/ year and showed effect on the flux as the driving force on the length of the seasons. The accumulated temperatures during shoulder seasons (spring and fall), especially the fall, are closely correlated to the accumulated carbon fluxes. The length of the summer season is correlated to the accumulated fluxes for the same period. Inter-annual comparisons points out the mire as an increasing carbon (CO2) sink over the analysed years. The accumulated temperature at Stordalen decreases and becomes warmer during the years of investigation. The creation of a GI was proved functional but a large variation reduces the applicability for vegetation analysis.
The method applied on the data was successful but developing the method would improve the results. By raising the camera, the tilt angel is enlarged and the area of focus improved. This action would make the images usable for a larger area of the mire. If the camera is modified, removing the infrared (IR) filter or installing a new camera with a spectral resolution bridging the IR spectra and preferable with possibilities to save images as raw data (without algorithms and filters and without normalisation for incoming light) would improve the vegetation monitoring.
In spite of this, it is possible to conclude that the mire acts as a larger sinks during long summer seasons. But in the same time, shorter winter seasons produce larger effluxes from the mire. Thus, the shoulder seasons are of high importance for the whole year carbon (CO2) budget. This work exclude fluxes from CH4, VOC, and lateral fluxes e.g. DOC from the analysis, as these fluxes generally are important in wetlands carbon budgets, they would if included probably change the (mire) ecosystem from a net sink to a net source.


In TMP-refining processes, the stabilization of the fiber pad inside the refining zone requires a new control approach. Specific energy control tends to be complex and most often affected by a number of disturbances not so well specified in traditional MPC-concepts. To describe the dynamics in such nonlinear processes is difficult, tedious and requires significant maintenance support. This paper focuses on two important issues related to modeling in mechanical pulping processes: measurements of internal states inside the refining zone and in particular natural decoupling to find a model suitable for future process optimization and improved control concepts of complete refiner lines. The idea is to show how this complex process, with serially linked refiners or refining zones, can be modeled and controlled using a simplified process description. In this series of papers, data from a commercial Twin-refiner and a CD-refiner are available as inputs. As an example of internal state measurements, refining zone temperature profiles and estimated distributed consistency in the refining zone are used. We show that the characteristics of the temperature profile dynamics makes it possible to introduce a decoupling scheme where the anti-diagonal elements in the transfer function matrix describing the process can be eliminated naturally, independent of which refiner is to be controlled.


This case report is about a 43 year old man, who presented with a large paraesophageal hiatal hernia. Hiatal hernias are common and often asymptomatic. However, this patient's hernia was caused by a large defect in his diaphragm, into which his stomach, multiple loops of small bowel and even part of his colon had herniated, causing recurrent gastric obstruction. While this is a condition that develops slowly, over time in most patients, this case of hiatal hernia likely results from a congenital defect, given his relatively young age, the size of the defect and his associated anatomical abnormalities. This report details his presentation and surgical repair, complemented with corresponding images.


Maize is gaining importance in recent years as a promising crop, but some constraints are intensifying with increased concern over input supply and soil-related environmental sustainability. So, we were interested to assess the financial profitability of maize production over the existing rice cropping system and factors responsible for changing land-use decisions in Northern Bangladesh. The comprehensive comparison revealed that maize farmers got higher returns than the farmers producing boro rice as the calculated BCR for the former (2.14) was higher than the later (1.29). The results of regression analysis showed that maize labor use, maize gross margin, availability of rice for home consumption, and the least rice-producing area had a significant effect on deciding to shift the land from rice to maize cultivation. Therefore, there was a great prospect of maize farming in the study area as a profitable enterprise.


A relationship for the mean-square error ?2 has been derived for a channel disturbed by purely impulsive noise. The problem of optimum energy allocation and of determining the threshold has been solved, and it is shown that optimum energy allocation extends the threshold by 1.62 dB in white Poisson impulsive backgrounds.


In the spring of 2006, the editorial staff of the New York Times asked a group of prominent writers, critics, and editors to name the best work of American fiction published in the preceding quarter century. Of the resulting list of twentytwo titles, six were by Philip Roth, more than twice as many as any other author. Assumedly the only reason a Roth novel didn't top the list (Beloved took that honor) is the lack of a critical consensus as to which of his many novels merits the most accolades. Indeed, over the second half of the twentieth century, Roth has produced a body of work that is unmatched in the scale and scope of its ambitions, and this astonishing, even relentless, productivity has posed a challenge for critics who would sum up such an impressive career. Nevertheless, it is time for such a summary. Philip Roth is eighty years old, and given that he's announced that he's through with writing, it is fair to say that his major work is behind him. We can now look back and attempt to assess what is without a doubt one of the most remarkable literary careers of the postwar era, or of any era. David Gooblar's The Major Phases of Philip Roth admirably achieves such a retrospective assessment, revealing the degree to which Roth's restless resistance to critical summation has been the motive force behind his productivity and, somewhat paradoxically, the unifying element of his oeuvre. As Gooblar affirms in his introduction, "Alternating between inward and outward perspectives, between the willed extreme of a noble profession and the willed


Introduction T HE trajectory optimization of path-constrained nonlinear dynamic systems such as those arising in the guidanceand design of reentry vehicles has long been considereda difŽ cult problem.1i3 Of themany methods to solve such problems, the direct collocation method with sparse nonlinear programming (NLP) has proved to be quite effective. Because direct methods do not tie the resulting solutions to the Pontryaginmaximum principle4 (PMP), a two-step direct–indirect approach has been used successfully for Ž nding extremal solutions.5 One major drawback of the direct–indirect approach is that a signiŽ cant amount of labor is necessary to derive all of the necessary conditions including complex switching and junction conditions for state-constrainedproblems.Even with estimates of the adjoint arcs, solving the multipoint boundary-valueproblem is an elaborate task. Over the past few years, a new approach to solving complex trajectory optimizationproblems has been proposed.6i9 The Legendre pseudospectralmethod is a particularlyeffectivemethod because it providesspectrallyaccuratesolutionsfor the costatesand other covectorswithout the use of any analyticaldifferentialequationsfor the


In this paper, the effect of the number of shorting pins on a disk-loaded monopole antenna with electromagnetically coupled feed is investigated. The number and arrangement of the shorting pins affects the capacitance and/or inductance of the antenna. The variation of the capacitance and inductance changes the resonant frequency of the antenna, and therefore, its electrical size and frequency bandwidth are also affected. As the number of shorting pins increases, for an antenna having the dimensions of 11/spl times/11/spl times/11 mm, the center frequency, electrical size, and fractional bandwidth increases approximately by 327 MHz, 5.7%, and 0.112/spl lambda//sub 0/, respectively. The fabricated antenna for three shorting pins has a fractional bandwidth of 26.8% for a VSWR/spl les/2 with the center frequency at 2.556 GHz.


A new theory to study isotropic‐nematic transition is proposed. This theory requires a good knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of the isotropic phase. It allows to study nematic formation in systems possessing attractive forces. We determine isotropic‐nematic equilibria for a number of hard linear models as hard spherocylinders, hard ellipsoids, and hard tangent spheres in a linear configuration. The theory predicts quite nicely the transitions when compared to simulation results. We also study the effect of an ideal dipole or quadrupole on nematic formation. Dipolar or quadrupolar forces favor the presence of a nematic phase although the effect is moderate. However, for large multipole moments no stable nematic phase was found.


Abstract It is known that a mechanism exhists for producing molecular alignment in liquid crystals which is associated with the ionic conduction anisotropy and hydrodynamic flow. This flow can be observed with the help of either dyes, dust particles, or scattered light. The flow cells so observed usually extend from one electrode to the other and exhibit a domain width dependent on the strength of the applied electric and magnetic field. With increasing elctric field strenght, these flow cells decrease in width and are generated and dissipated more rapidly. Data relating to the average state of alignment as the result of applied electric and magnetic fields is also presented.


At present, renewable energy installations are expanding to solve both environmental problems and expensive energy fuel import prices in isolated areas. However, in a small-scale power system, rapid output fluctuations of renewable energy may cause power quality problems such as voltage and frequency fluctuations in the power system. To solve this problem, the local government of Jeju Island in South Korea implemented a megawatt (MW)-class pilot project to stabilize the output power of wind turbines using an energy storage system (ESS). In this project, a 0.5 MWh lithium-ion battery was connected to a 3 MW wind turbine via 1 MW power conversion system (PCS). In this paper, the field test results were divided into four categories as follows. First, the performance of stabilizing the output of the wind turbine using ESS was confirmed. Second, the control performance of the ESS was confirmed when the wind turbine suddenly stopped due to an accident. Third, it was confirmed that the ESS discharged energy into the power system after the stabilization of the wind turbine output. Fourth, the reasons for the failure of the ESS to control output stabilization of the wind turbine were analyzed through MATLAB simulation.


On the basis of rapid population aging, in 2007, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) proposed a new disease concept "locomotive syndrome" as a degenerative condition of reduced mobility due to the impairment of the musculoskeletal system. Worsened locomotive components, which consist of bones, joints, and intervertebral discs, and muscles and nerves, can lead to symptoms such as pain, limited range of motion, malalignment, impaired balance, and difficulty in walking, ultimately resulting in the requirement of nursing care. "Locomotive syndrome" has gained increased interest in Japan but still not worldwide. Hence, in this brief review, we summarize an updated definition, assessment, and management of "locomotive syndrome". The JOA recommends "locomotion training" exercise intervention to be effective in maintaining motor function that comprises two simple exercises—squatting and single-leg standing. However, the extent to which exercises affect "locomotive syndrome" is unknown. Here, we further report hypothesis-generating patient cases who presented the improved sagittal spinopelvic alignment in standing radiographs and postural stability in piezoelectric force-plate measurements through our 6-month "locomotion training" outpatient rehabilitation program. It is noteworthy that "locomotion training" facilitated these improvements despite the presence of specific disorders including thoracic kyphosis and symptomatic lumbar spinal canal stenosis. This raises the need for further investigations to clarify effects of "locomotion training" exercises on the spinal alignment, global balance, and quality of life in patients with "locomotive syndrome".


In a few recent papers we introduced the chirality-flow formalism, which was shown to make calculations of tree-level Feynman diagrams simple and transparent. Chirality flow, which is based on the spinor-helicity formalism, allows to often immediately analytically write down a tree-level Feynman diagram in terms of spinor inner products. In this paper, we argue that there is also a significant simplification of the Lorentz structure at the one-loop level, at least when using the four-dimensional formulation of the four-dimensional helicity scheme. Additionally, we find that the possible terms in a tensor decomposition of loop integrals are highly constrained, and therefore the tensor reduction procedure is simplified.


Attempts to sum up and present the activities of Kennan as the US ambassador to Belgrade in 1961. Looks at his impact (or lack of it) on the formulation of US policy and concrete legislative action regarding this crucial aspect of the over‐all American policy towards the Eastern bloc. Uses published sources to show the general trend in the US strategic and tactical lines of policy toward Belgrade and the ideas and practical innovations brought by Kennedy's team. Analyses Kennan's input in the formulation of the concrete policy actions in light of this background.


INFERTILITY, DEFINED AS 1 YEAR OF attempted conception without success, is one of the most prevalent chronic health disorders involving young adults. Affecting 6 million or more US couples, infertility is clinically distinct from recurrent spontaneous pregnancy loss. Since 1978, the management of female infertility has been transformed by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), first reported as an IVF laboratory technique in 1992, has similarly changed the management of male infertility. In vitro fertilization and ICSI have increased knowledge of the mechanisms of fertilization and implantation, leading to better awareness of potential fertility defects before and after fertilization, as well as possible errors in embryonic development. The use of IVF and ICSI remains low, however, because of the cost and complexity of the treatment.


My own intestinal and emotional sensitivity has led me to my ongoing research project Gut Feelings. I began by working with the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts (SCOBY) of kombucha tea, the cellulose pellicle that grows on top fermenting it at home because the drink has helped to settle and regulate my digestion. I wonder, how does my consumption of the microorganisms within, the bacteria and yeasts, affect my consciousness and myself as a more-than-human assemblage? At the same time, I am drawn to the way the SCOBY looks, smells and feels. Within this research project I have been working with kombucha SCOBYs, intestines, and more recently, compost worms. These all share material, affective, and aesthetic qualities in ways that relate to touch: they are viscous (not quite liquid or solid), slimy and squishy. They also involve multi-species symbioses and are deeply entangled with the processes of fermentation and decomposition. Later in the project, contamination by mould and other microorganisms entered as an additional entity. In this essay, I approach my project Gut Feelings through ideas of interoceptive touch. Interoception is the sense of the internal state of the body. How can we experience touch within our bodies, and specifically within the gut?


This research entitled �Tense and Aspect of English and Their Translation
Problems (An Analysis of the Function of Tense and Aspectual Meaning of Verb
in the Novel of The God of Small Things and Their Translation Equivalence in
Bahasa Indonesia). It is aimed at: (1) describing tense in English novel


This article describes the objectives and establishment of DELNET. Various activities of DELNET, such as, promotions of database creation among member libraries, resource sharing and standardisation are discussed. lnformation on funding and the hardware/software infrastructure is also provided along with databases and services. In Delhi, libraries have been growing very fast in number and size during the last four decades. They cater to the specialised and general clientele and are of various types. These include institutional libraries, research libraries, government libraries, public libraries, departmental libraries besides the libraries of the universities, colfeges and schools. During the recent years, increase in information has led to increase in the demands of the users. It has been noticed that in this era of information explosion, libraries in lndia are generally ill-equipped to handle and retrieve information effectively. The financial resources and the space requirement for housing library collections are limited in almost all of the iibraries. The option left with the forward looking librarians has been to promote the sharing of resources by automation and networking. With this objective. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dbit.16.2.3252


The Linking Open Data (LOD) cloud includes over 26 billion RDF triples from various domains. In order to access linked data sets, Semantic Web users have to understand the ontology schema of the data sets. However, understanding all the ontologies used in the LOD cloud is not feasible and is time-consuming. A simple and easily understandable ontology that integrates ontology schema from different data sets is a solution to this problem. This paper proposes an automatic ontology learning method that integrates ontologies from different linked data sets, and presents case studies to show the advantages of our approach.


This experiment shows that for an English speaker reading aloud, the topic structure of the text affects the amount of lengthening in sentence-final words. The speaker lengthened words less at the end of sentences that were followed by another sentence elaborating on the topic of the first, than at the end of sentences where the subsequent sentence added new information or switched topics. These results show that speech durations are affected by larger-scale linguistic organization, in addition to the well-known effects of local and phrasal structure. Modeling variation at the text or discourse level could improve the comprehensibility of longer passages of synthesized text.


analysis Serial dilution and incubation of samples PUV disinfection PVA film production and inoculation Endospores isolation Bacterial endospore production and confirmation Pulsed-UV disinfection of Polyvinyl alcohol-based films inoculated with Bacillus cereus endospores Mabilly C. H. B. Dias1; Viviane S. S. Marchi 2; Michael Nugent 2; Gavin Burke 2; Neil. J. Rowan1; 1. Athlone Institute of Technology, Biosciences Research Institute, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland 2. Athlone Institute of Technology, Materials Research Institute, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland.


T he title of this essay is inspired by a remark attributed to Porfirio Diaz, dictatorial president of Mexico from 1876 to 1910. The actual quote is ""Poor Mexico, so far from God and so close to the United States"-a reflection on the always problematic relationship between the two neighboring countries. Of course, I am not implying that Cahiers du Cinema enjoys any kind of divine status. I simply use it as a symbol of serious international cinema, where films are appreciated for their individuality and artistry. The title should also broadcast that this is an opinion piece (well, an unabashed rant, really-especially in the reference notes) against certain broad-based cultural perceptions in the United States and how they may affect the distribution of foreign and domestic movies.


The transfer of energy between excited states is important for gas lasers as well as for plasma chemistry. There are two main processes : chemiionisation and chemiexcitation. One distinguishes two processes, non-reactive process : A* + BC -+ A + BC+ + e (Penning effect), and reactive process : A_* + 3C -+ AB+ + C + e (;arrangement) or AB* + C. For chemiionisation, the relative efficiency of the Penning effect, of rearrangement and dissociation is given according to West et al. (1975). The role of the gas temperature is discussed according to Lindinger et al. (1974). As for non-reactive chemiexcitation reactions recent works on &* + N, transfers is summarised which clarify the role of gas temperature and branching ratio in the excitation of the states N,(C317,, B317,). The role of argon resonance states in the reactions Ar(3Pl, 'PI) + BC % Ar + BC* (or B* + C) is analysed for BC = Hz, N,, O,, CO, NO and C2H4. Experimental values of the collision coefficient k are compared to those calculated from the theory of Watanabe and Katsuura (1967). Reactive transfers are efficient with halogen containing molecules RX, where X = F, C1 and Br. A study of branching ratios for the formation of AX* excimers is presented from results obtained by Gundel et al. (1976) in&* + BC mixtures and by Velazco et al. (1976) in (I&*, &*) + RF. An interpretation is given based on the interaction between the inlet potential + RX) and the Coulomb potential (A' + RX-). The reactive transfers N('D) + BC studied by Lin-Kaufman (1971) are also given. Finally, some transfers in pure nitrogen that participate in the global relaxation of the excited states of that molecule are given. This concerns the levels N2(B317,, A3z,f, E3C;, aln,). (*) Laboratoire Associk au C.N.R.S. Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1977326


Objective To investigate the pharmacological effects of Liyan Mixture(LYM) on chronic pharyngitis(CP). Methods Pharmacological procedures were utilized to investigate these effects of LYM as anti-inflammation,Qi-regulating and phlegm-transformign,and preventive treatment on various kinds of animal model induced among mice,rats or rabbits respectively,supplemented by histopathological and biochemical procedures. Results It was sh-own that LYM could significantly reduce the degrees of auricular edema and paw swelling as seen in the treated auricular edema models induced by dimethylbenzene among mice and in the treated dorsal metatarsus swelling models induced by formal dehyde among rats.In the experiment of granulation induced by cotton ball among rats,the hyperplastic rate of granuloma was significantly inhibited following the use of LYM.The excreting amount of phenol red could also be remarkably increased by 162.3% and 60.7% following LYM using at larger and smaller dosages respectively,and euglobulin lysis time(ELT) was markedly shortened as well as measured in rat models. Furthermore,LYM showed significant therapeutic effects on rabbit models with experimental CP. Conclusions Preventive and therapeutic effects of LYM on CP may be associated with its inhibiting effect on inflammatory changes and to the improving effect on blood rheoolgy in pharyngeal mucosa.


In this paper, we investigate the fundamental multiple access (MA) scheme in an active intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) aided energy-constrained Internet-of-Things (IoT) system, where an active IRS is deployed to assist the uplink transmission from multiple IoT devices to an access point (AP). Our goal is to maximize the sum throughput by optimizing the IRS beamforming vectors across time and resource allocation. To this end, we first study two typical active IRS aided MA schemes, namely time division multiple access (TDMA) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), by analytically comparing their achievable sum throughput and proposing corresponding algorithms. Interestingly, we prove that given only one available IRS beamforming vector, the NOMA-based scheme generally achieves a larger throughput than the TDMA-based scheme, whereas the latter can potentially outperform the former if multiple IRS beamforming vectors are available to harness the favorable time selectivity of the IRS. To strike a flexible balance between the system performance and the associated signaling overhead incurred by more IRS beamforming vectors, we then propose a general hybrid TDMA-NOMA scheme with device grouping, where the devices in the same group transmit simultaneously via NOMA while devices in different groups occupy orthogonal time slots. By controlling the number of groups, the hybrid TDMA-NOMA scheme is applicable for any given number of IRS beamforming vectors available. Despite of the non-convexity of the considered optimization problem, we propose an efficient algorithm based on alternating optimization, where each subproblem is solved optimally. Simulation results illustrate the practical superiorities of the active IRS over the passive IRS in terms of the coverage extension and supporting multiple energy-limited devices, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed hybrid MA scheme for flexibly balancing the performance-cost tradeoff.


The article examines the criminal law principle of justice from the point of view of traditional philosophical thought, which assumes the division of the world into an ideal and material substance. As an example of the ideal substance of justice, the author suggests considering the moral world order, a particular manifestation of which should ideally be the constitutional system of a particular state. The material substance of justice, in the author's opinion, should be clearly refl ected in the norms of the criminal law. As a theoretical premise of the stated approach, the assumption is put forward that a person as a personal Creator and performer of law, passing through the idea of justice as a fundamental socio-philosophical, political and legal phenomenon, formulates the criminal law principle of justice. This approach plays an important methodological role in overcoming one-sided trends in the consideration of its nature and assumes its construction on the basis of a two-level structure that includes legislative and law enforcement elements. On the basis of the position put forward by the famous philosopher Thomas Aquinas on the requirements imposed on the law, analyzes the judicial practice and norms of the current criminal law for its compliance with the principle of justice. The thesis that its effective implementation is an indicator of the quality of the criminal law is substantiated.


The compliant wall has attracted as a potential passive device of reducing turbulent friction drag. For laminar-turbulent transition, several theoretical and experimental studies have been reported, and it is now believed that compliant wall can suppress flow instabilities and delay transition. For fully developed wall bounded turbulent flow, however, the role of compliant wall on drag reduction has been in question for long time. In the present study we perform direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow with an isotropic compliant surface at Re=3,000, to investigate its effect on fully developed turbulent channel flow. The compliant wall is modeled as a plate supported by spring and damper and the surface is passively driven by the pressure. We investigate more than 300 compliant walls by changing the parameters such as the spring coefficient, damping coefficient, and body rigidity. All the cases considered show nearly no drag reduction or an increase in the drag.


The article is devoted to the evolutionary processes in the Italian language of the Internet, which are directly revealed at the lexical and word-formation levels. The article gives the general assessment of these processes from the point of view of a number of significant structural and sociolinguistic parameters in the context of the historical development of the Italian language. This research is based on the opposition of the language of the Internet to the structural norm of the Italian language; it is noted that the opposition is of slang nature. The key trend, as the author emphasizes, is the convergence of the oral and written forms of speech reflected in the used and normatively fixed forms of word-formation, in which traditional models as well as mixed polycodes (alphanumeric and/or alpha pictorial) are extensively used. Studying the media communication influence on the development of the Italian language, the author relies on the classification of the functional parameters of the opposition − convergence of written and oral forms of speech − by the Italian linguist G. Berruto. The main notions, which characterize such evolution, − diamesia, diastratia, diatopia, diafasia are studied. G. Berruto's concept is developed by another Italian linguist G. Antonelli who singles out the language of the Internet communication as the culminating point of evolution. The article studies a large number of language examples revealing the picture of word-formation in the Italian language of the Internet. Word-formation is interpreted as the main factor in the normative evolution of the Italian language in the Internet communication. Particular attention is paid to contaminated word-formation methods, creolized forms of a language sign (contraction, pictogram), which are typical of the Internet language, as well as unregulated use of punctuation marks, and spelling violation. The article shows slang forms of lexical speech usage and word-formation in the Italian language of the Internet. The structural-linguistic and semiotic interpretation of the Italian Internet word-formation is given. The article carries out the rubrication of models and types of word-formation in the Italian language of the Internet. The article is suggested to specialists who are interested in semiotics of the Internet language, modern development trends of the Italian language, the peculiarities of Italian lexicology and word-formation.


The population of Siberian Crane (Grus leucogranus) a winter migrant to India is decreasing day by day. Studies have been conducted in the Keoladeo National Park from 1974 to 1991 about number of their coming, feed habit and breeding etc. Valuable information about their movements have also been recorded to provide authentic information about their speed.


Molecular markers for stripe rust resistant genes of Yr5,Yr10 and for 1BL/1RS translocation,which were reported early,were used to detect 55 stripe rust resistant wheat cultivars(lines) which were bred in recent years.The results showed that there wasn't wheat cultivar(line) with Yr5 in the test materials.There were only two wheat lines with Yr10.The frequency of wheat cultivars(lines) with 1BL/1RS translocation is 25.5%.In order to improve wheat resistance to dominant races of Puccinia striiforms f.sp.tritici at present in China,the stripe rust resistant genes of Yr5 and Yr10 should be used more frequently.Because of the quality defects,1BL/1RS translocation wheat cultivars(lines) should be used more cautiously.


PHYSICAL REVIEW B, VOLUME 63, 054426 Crystal structure and low-temperature magnetic properties of R m MIn 3m?2 compounds "MARh or Ir; mA1,2; RASm or Gd… P. G. Pagliuso, J. D. Thompson, M. F. Hundley, J. L. Sarrao, and Z. Fisk * Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 共Received 29 August 2000; published 11 January 2001兲 We have synthesized the series of compounds RM In 5 and R 2 M In 8 in single crystal form, where R⫽Sm or Gd and M ⫽Rh or Ir. These materials form in tetragonal derivatives of the Cu 3 Au structure RIn 3 . Measure- ments of magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and low-temperature heat capacity are reported. These compounds order antiferromagnetically at low temperature (T N ⬍45 K兲 and their low-temperature magnetic properties remain nearly unaltered compared to their SmIn 3 and GdIn 3 cubic relatives. The present data are compared to the magnetic properties of the isostructural 共Ce,Nd兲 (Rh,Ir)In 5 and (Ce,Nd) 2 (Rh,Ir)In 8 com- pounds, and the validity of de Gennes scaling as a function of rare earth in a given structure is discussed. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.054426 PACS number共s兲: 75.50.Ee, 75.30.Gw, 75.10.Dg, 75.20.En I. INTRODUCTION Recently, a new series of R m M In 3m⫹2 tetragonal variants of the Cu 3 Au-structure compounds for M ⫽Rh or Ir, m ⫽1,2; and R⫽light rare earth have become a particularly relevant area of research since the discovery of a new class of heavy-fermion superconductors for some of the Ce-based compounds. 1–3 The R m M In 3m⫹2 tetragonal structures can be viewed as m layers of RIn 3 units stacked sequentially along the c axis with intervening layers of M In 2 共Ref. 4兲 and un- conventional magnetic and superconducting behavior have been reported for CeRhIn 5 共Ref. 1兲 and CeIrIn 5 . 2 The first one is an antiferromagnet at ambient pressure (T N ⬇3.8 K and ␥ ⬇400 mJ/mol K 2 ), 1 and presents an unconventionial evolution to a superconducting state for P⬎ P c ⬇16 kbars where superconductivity sets in at T c ⬇2 K. CeIrIn 5 shows ambient-pressure heavy-fermion superconductivity at T c ⬇0.4 K with a Sommerfeld coefficient of ␥ ⬇720 mJ/mol K 2 . 2 The m⫽2 variants of these Ce-based com- pounds include an antiferromagnetic ground state (T N ⬇2.8 K and ␥ ⬇400 mJ/mol K 2 ) for Ce 2 RhIn 8 , while Ce 2 IrIn 8 re- mains a heavy-fermion paramagnet to 50 mK, with no evi- dence for a phase transition ( ␥ ⬇700 mJ/mol K 2 ). 3 It has been suggested that the reduced spatial dimension- ality and magnetic anisotropy resulting from the quasi-two- dimensional structure of these compounds may control the nature of their heavy-fermion ground states. 1,3 Furthermore, studies of NdM In 5 and Nd 2 M In 8 analogs for M ⫽Rh or Ir suggest that crystal-field effects 共CEF's兲 and related mag- netic anisotropy play an important role in the evolution of the magnetic properties within these series. 5 Therefore stud- ies of the magnetic properties through the rare earths for R m M n In 3m⫹2n (M ⫽Rh or Ir兲 appear to be a promising in- vestigation. The Pr-based homologues are nonmagnetic sin- glet ground-state systems and a detailed CEF analysis of these materials will be given elsewhere. 6 In the present work, we report magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and heat-capacity measurements on (Gd,Sm)M In 5 and (Gd,Sm) 2 M In 8 single crystals, for M ⫽Rh or Ir. Each orders antiferromagnetically with T N ⱗ45 K. Comparisons to their cubic relative (Gd,Sm)In 3 suggest that the insertion of M In 2 layers along the c axis in (Gd,Sm)M In 5 and (Gd,Sm) 2 M In 8 (M ⫽Rh or Ir兲 only weakly affects the low-temperature magnetic ground state for the tetragonal variants. The data for the Ce and Nd-based homologues are also included to help the discussion. II. EXPERIMENT Single crystalline samples of the (Gd,Sm)M In 5 and (Gd,Sm) 2 M In 8 (M ⫽Rh or Ir兲 compounds were grown from the melt in In flux as described previously. 1 Typical crystal sizes were 1⫻1 cm⫻several mm. The tetragonal HoCoGa 5 (m⫽1) 共Ref. 4兲 and Ho 2 CoGa 8 (m⫽2) 共Ref. 7兲 structure types and phase purity were confirmed by x-ray powder dif- fraction, and the crystal orientation was determined by the usual Laue method. The lattice parameters a and c for the studied compounds are given in Table I. Lattice constants for the nonmagnetic variants LaM In 5 and La 2 M In 8 are also in- cluded for reference. Specific-heat measurements were per- TABLE I. Experimental parameters for (Gd,Sm)M In 5 , (Gd,Sm) 2 M In 8 (M ⫽Rh or Ir兲, and (Gd,Sm)In 3 . GdIrIn 5 Gd 2 IrIn 8 GdRhIn 5 Gd 2 RhIn 8 SmIrIn 5 Sm 2 IrIn 8 SmRhIn 5 Sm 2 RhIn 8 LaIrIn 5 La 2 IrIn 8 LaRhIn 5 La 2 RhIn 8 GdIn 3 SmIn 3 a a c T N K ␮ ef f ␮ B ␪ p K 4.6068 a 4.6265 a ⬇45 a ⬇16 a 8.2 a ⬇⫺85 a See Ref. 7. ©2001 The American Physical Society


It is argued that the new engineering graduate pursuing a management career path must have more than just technical talent. Leadership and administrative skills must also be demonstrated. Positive visibility with upper management is a key element to promotion. It is pointed out that, in addition to qualifications, the right opportunity is necessary. Success as a manager does not stop with promotion, but is only the beginning. It is concluded that the new manager must make the transition from engineer and build a strong organization.<<ETX>>


Digital technologies have transformed business models quickly, making sustainable, inventive performance essential for the survival of businesses, particularly in emerging markets. However, a lot of English educational institutions struggle to make use of digital platform capability (DPC) due to a lack of funding, resources, and experience that stifles prospects for advanced innovation. After the COVID-19 pandemic, this study suggests a framework to investigate how English educational institutions might improve their innovation performance using DPC. The study examines the relationship between digital innovation (DI) and innovation performance (IP), as well as the moderating effects of digital technology (DT). This study uses a quantitative methodology and questionnaire survey with 435 respondents from institutions that support DPC. The analysis examines the hypotheses using correlations, regression analyses, and 5000 bootstraps. The results demonstrate a positive relationship between DPC and IP, with DI acting as a mediator. Additionally, the outcomes show that the development of digital technology strengthens the positive influence of DPC on innovation performance. Through filling research gaps, this study adds to the body of knowledge. It also has significant management implications for English educational institutions looking to improve their innovation performance by fostering digital platform ability and digital innovation.