Performing an efficient management of mobile networks has become an increasingly difficult task, as these networks are becoming more complex, which results in more data to evaluate and optimize. This paper is focused on the performance evaluation of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network using unsupervised learning techniques. The main objective is to detect groups of cells that show similar performances and, consequently, to identify the groups that perform below the desired threshold. Additionally, this work also aims to identify which cell configurations are associated with the best performance. In order to fulfill the first objective, a methodology based on the application of clustering algorithms to features extracted from Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was developed. Regarding the second objective, statistical testing was applied to evaluate the dependence between the cells configuration and the respective cells performance. It was verified that there is not a significant difference in the obtained results using different clustering algorithms. In the majority of the cases, only two groups of cells were identified: one group consisting essentially on the cells with the best performance and the other group containing the worst performing cells. As far as the connection between configuration data and performance data is concerned, only one influencing case, referring to a parameter associated with the cell subscription capacity, was detected.


For a long time,the conflict between more people and less land has been one of the major issues in the development of China rural areas and the development of China agriculture.Most previous researches have focused on population growth when looking at the relationship between population growth and land use while few on land use in perspective of the change of land-use system and changes in land resource management.On the base of a comparative analysis of the relationship between population growth and land use in tradition land-use system both in China and western countries,esp. a study of the change in the relationship between population growth and land use in China since 1949,this paper argues that it is Collective Ownership of Land Policy and Equal Division of Land Policy that have stimulated China population growth.As a result,the conflict between population growth and land use has been strengthened.It also proposed that land ownership should be clarified to promote family planning policy and encourage the migration of non-farmer population so as to relieve the conflict between population growth and land use.


Photograph of a portrait of the Greer family. They are identified as Ida Lee Huffhines Greer, Velma Jewel Greer (Brandenburg), Ruth M. Greer, and Henry Wise Greer.


In the recent past, there has been a constant demand for timely accountability reports due to increased awareness, devolution of funds and establishment of various new institutions. Financial sustainability of microfinance institutions in West Pokot County in Kenya has been highlighted as a major concern. The main purpose of the study determined the effects of financial accountability on the sustainability of the microfinance institutions in the West Pokot County. The specific objectives were to: determine the effect of audit efficiency on the sustainability of Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) in West Pokot County; establish the effect of fraud detection on the sustainability of microfinance institutions in West Pokot County; determine the effect of financial reporting on the sustainability of microfinance institutions in West Pokot County; and determine the effect of financial regulation on the sustainability of microfinance institutions in West Pokot County. The study was based on Agency theory, stakeholder theory, and stewardship theory.  The study applied explanatory research design. The target population was the 6 MFIs in West Pokot County. A census was taken since the population is small. The researcher used a semi-structured questionnaire administered to each member of the respondents to collect the data. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression and correlation analysis by the help of SPSS. The results were presented in tables, pie charts and bar charts. From the findings, when financial accountability factors are held at zero, sustainability of microfinance institution will be negative (-0.257). At the same time, an increase in audit efficiency, fraud detection, financial reporting, and financial regulations each by one unit leads to an increase in sustainability of microfinance institutions by 0.276, 0.313, 0.453, and 0.036 units respectively the p-values were also less than 0.05 (that is 0.025 for audit efficiency, fraud detection (0.002), financial reporting (0.005) and financial regulations (0.038). This implies that all financial accountability factors considered in this study have a positive relationship with sustainability. The study concludes that financial accountability is to a great extent observed in MFIs particularly through audit efficiency, fraud detection, financial reporting, and financial regulations. The study recommends that the government through the relevant agents should ensure existing financial accountability regulatory framework is adhered to ensure sustainability of microfinance institutions. Microfinance institutions also should ensure they pay focus on audit efficiency, fraud detection, financial reporting, and financial regulations.


Mental health concerns are a public health crisis. Stigma is the primary reason why individuals do not disclose or seek treatment. Stigma is constructed communicatively, and destigmatization efforts—such as advocacy messaging—are also communicative. I employ a case study approach to describe how two mental health groups use advocacy strategies in their social media messaging to help audience members mitigate mental health concerns and challenge stigma. I found content creators use a variety of advocacy strategies in their messaging, including awareness-raising, support of policy initiatives, and the promotion of diversity and inclusivity. Although not the primary goal of these groups' messaging, advocacy strategies were important to content creators and audience members, and 80% of audience members interviewed engaged in advocacy work for the organizations. I provide a nuanced view of mental health communication advocacy strategies, make recommendations for health communication professionals, and demonstrate the need for future studies.


Japan WC  Ni 3 Al hard metal of the composition for WC  25vol % (Ni  24at % Al  0.5at % B) was prepared by vacuum sintering. The powder mixtures of WC, Ni, NiAl (Ni  50at % Al) and B were treated by wet milling with a tumbling ball mill machine for 24h or 48h. The average particle size of the powder mixtures after wet-milling for 24h and 48h were 1.69µm and 1.23µm, respectively. These powder mixtures were press-moulded into the test-pieces and sintered in vacuum of (7 ³ 9) © 10 ¹ 3 Pa at various temperature for 1h. The densities, microstructures and mechanical properties of the obtained sintered compacts were investigated. When 48h wet-milled powder was used and the green compact was sintered at 1425°C for 1h, the compact had relative density more than 99 % , transverse rapture strength of 2.2GPa and Vickers hardness of 1330HV. On the other hand, using 24h wet-milled powder, the sintered compact had lower mechanical properties than the compact of 48h wet-milled powder because low and


After analyzing the complexity、unnicety and so on in traditional calculation method of rated power, the paper gathers the different parameter data of vacuum resistane furnace which metal radicalization heat shield is adopted at home and abroad. And then the regression equation between rated power and main data can be gotten through regression analysis theory of Mathematical statistics and using Statistical Package for the Social Science. For reverse this model, the formula of rated power can be figured out.


1Electronics and Communication Department, Sarvajanik college of Engineering and Technology, India 2Electronics and Communication Department, Sarvajanik college of Engineering and Technology, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract FBG is fast and source intensity independent temperature and strain sensor. It is chemically inert and immune to electromagnetic interference so best suited for chemical and bio sensing related application. FBG can be modified to EFBG at low cost without any need for sophisticated set up. The sensor is sensitive to surrounding refractive index change and its Sensitivity can be varied. EFBG sensors are desirable due to silent features like RI sensing, high sensitivity, multi-modal sensing capability, large operational bandwidth and multiplexing capability over surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or interferometric configurations sensor or any other conventional sensor. Sensitivity of EBFG is enhanced drastically by means of nano structured coating over its surface .These properties makes it extensively appropriate for adulteration finding and biomechanical , chemical sensing , label free bio sensing related applications. In next decade FBG can become promising irreplaceable sensor for chemical and biomedical industry. In this paper we have presented detailed survey regarding the sensitivity, limit of detection of EFBG sensor while using in different applications


Objective To investigate p53 expression in ultraviolet light B(UVB)-induced apoptotic human keratinocytes enriched with epidermal stem cells.Methods Keratinocytes enriched with epidermal stem cells and normal primary keratinocytes were isolated and induced apoptosis by UVB.The expression of p53 was investigated by Western blotting.Results UVB irradiation increased p53 expression of cells.Compared to normal primary keratinocytes,p53 expression of keratinocytes enriched with epidermal stem cells significantly increased at 20 and 40 mJ/cm2(P0.05).Conclusion p53 expression of human epidermal stem cells are more susceptible than other keratinocytes.


Conventional insulin preparations are immunogenic, causing antibody formation against insulin and a number of pancreatic hormones and proteins. The circulating antibodies react with the corresponding immunoreactive components in the preparations, and antigen-antibody complexes are formed which may cause allergy, elevated dose requirements or resistance, possibly local lipoatrophy, and other cell damage. The observation made in rabbit immunization experiments that non-insulin components isolated from conventional crystalline insulin elicited very high levels of circulating insulin antibodies inspired testing an insulin devoid of contaminants and this insulin was found to be non-immunogenic (6, 7). In 1970, MC insulin was made available for therapy. MC is short for "monocomponent" which signifies the removal of all components other than insulin itself. The heterogeneity of once crystallized insulin is illustrated in Fig. 1 . The curve represents gel filtration separating according to molecular size, and the patterns obtained by disc electrophoresis relate to fractions isolated, as indicated by the broken lines. Analyzed by this method, MC insulin would show one peak (c) and display one band after electrophoresis. MC insulin is further characterized by quantitative specifications, e.g. since 1974 it contains less than O.OOOl% (by weight) of proinsulin-like substances, as determined by radioimmunoassay (1 1). Its potency is assumed at 169 MUlmol, i.e., 185 U/ mg of nitrogen or about 27 Ulmg (the material contains some water and salts) (12). It is to be understood that the specifications apply to the insulin from which the MC insulin preparations are made. In the course of storage, a few percent deamidation and insulin polymerization may occur (10). Neither the stored preparation nor the isolated transformation products were immunogenic in rabbit immunization experiments (9, 10). Thus, the insulin transformation products do not have the immunogenic characteristics of the contaminants removed in the preparation of MC insulin. To obtain MC insulin, a series of chromatographic steps has been introduced in the purification process for the separation of molecules, not only on the basis of their different sizes, but also according to differences in their ionic charge (9). Chromatography is now also used by most American and Continental WestEuropean insulin manufacturers. Single Peak Insulin is produced in the US by gel filtration, and, like the German "Chromatografisch gereinigtes Insulin", it is not purified by ion exchange chromatography (4, 17). The claims of purity for MC insulin have been challenged by some investigators whose papers are being referred to as controversial evidence and-left uncommented-may cause some confusion. One example is the article by Yue and Turtle (15). According to their statements, they analyzed MC insulin using Sephadex gel chromatography and found two peaks (Fig. 2, broken-line curve). Peak I, estimated to represent 5 % of the total protein,


Low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy has revealed a series of features labeled S1, S2, S3 in n-type 6H-SiC after neutron and electron irradiation. Thermal annealing studies showed that the defects S1, S2, S3 disappeared at 500°C. However, the well-known D1 center was only detected for annealing temperatures over 700°C. This experimental observation not only indicated that the defects S1, S2, S3 were a set of primary defects and the D1 center was a kind of secondary defect, but also showed that the D1 center and the E1, E2 observed using deep level transient spectroscopy might not be the same type of defects arising from the same physical origin.


3-Methoxytyramine, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and 6-hydroxydopamine were derivatized to their N-trifluoroacetyl-O-dimethyl-n-propylsilyl ether or 2'-O-methyl-N-trifluoroacetyl-O-dimethyl-n-propylsilyl ether derivatives by treatment with trifluoroacetic anhydride, methanol and then dimethyl-n-propylsilyl imidazole. These derivatives could be separated completely by gas chromatography (GC) on a non-polar liquid stationary phase such as OV-101. In addition, these derivatives were very stable in benzene and ethyl acetate, and showed excellent stability during silica gel column chromatography in comparison with the corresponding trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. In GC-mass spectrometry (MS) of these derivatives, ammonia chemical ionization (CI)-MS provided the ion [M+NH4]+ as the base peak or an intense peak. The detection limit of the dopamine derivative in the CI mode with ammonia was 2 pg with S/N at 2 : 1.


This paper presents the tensile and flexural properties of composites made from coconut shell filler particles and epoxy resin. The tensile and flexural tests of composites based on coconut shell filler particles at three different filler contents viz. 5%, 10%, and 15%, were carried out using universal tensile testing machine according to ASTM D 3039/D 3039 M-95a and ASTM D790-90 respectively and their results were presented. Experimental results showed that
tensile and flexural properties of the composites increased with the increase of the filler particle content. The omposite materials demonstrate somewhat linear behavior and sharp fracture for tensile and slight non-linear behavior and sharp fracture for flexural testing. The relation between stress and percentage of filler
for tensile and flexural tests were found to be linear with correlation factors of 0.9929 and 0.9973 respectively. Concerning the relation between the modulus and percentage of filler for tensile and flexural tests, it was found to be a quadratic relation with the same correlation factor approximated to 1. The same behavior was observed for the strain versus percentage of filler for tensile and flexural tests, with the same correlation factor.


This paper through the study of domestic and international about HBV drug-resistant mutations literatures, summarizes the existing common nucleotide analogues drug-resistance mutation sites, related mutations and other possible associated with drug sensitivity, to guide the clinical hepatitis B antiviral drug.


With the rapid development of electric power facilities,seismic design research of high voltage electrical equipment has become one of the important topics in seismic research at home and abroad.Taking the time history analysis of large-scale DC voltage generator tower structure,which is located on indoor ground,as an example,the separate incentive responses under five amplitude modulation sine waves,three sine waves,EI Centro seismic ground motion,Taft seismic ground motion and Yunan Lancang seismic ground motion are calculated in this paper.The influence of different input ground motion on seismic response of the structure and dynamic performance under different Rayleigh damping models are discussed.Some suggestions on seismic input and choice of Rayleigh damping models for this type of structure are proposed at the end of this paper.


Global solar photovoltaic capacity increased by 35% from 2013 to 2014, and this upward growth trend is likely to continue. Power grids must adapt to accommodate increasing shares of renewable energy penetration. The impact of increasing solar penetration is quantified in terms of the variability and the predictability of net load behavior. As expected, due to variable nature of solar technologies, the predictability of net load decreases with increasing penetration. The need for novel net load forecasting techniques that allow for improved management of grids with high solar penetration is discussed. Integrated net load forecasting methods (solar power forecasts are used as inputs) are recommended for grid operators and utilities. Analysis of forecast performance reveals that the solar variability plays a dominant role in driving the forecasting errors, even more so than the penetration levels. Net load and solar forecast errors are found to be co-integrated, sharing a common stochastic drift. Thus, the solar irradiance time series is sufficient to provide necessary information for the future planning of reserve allocation and storage design for power grids. The benefits of proposed techniques are presented for real- time energy imbalance markets. Design variables regulating the electricity markets and grid timelines govern the system dynamics, which in turn highlight the benefits of forecasting. Increased flexibility of operations at shorter time-scales emerges as a key factor for the reliable and efficient management of power grids


Introduction
Sustainability of agricultural systems may improve due to intercropping as a result of diversity increasing. Marigold (Calendula officinalis) is a major medicinal plant from Asteraceae family, though weeds suppress it because of lower competitiveness against weeds. Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is a pulse crop from Fabaceae family and is one of the major nutritive sources especially in developing countries. Intercropping systems has a major role in suitable weeds control in crop fields. A primary and direct way of increasing diversity of an agro ecosystem is intercropping system that allows interaction between the individuals of the different crops and varieties. Intercropping can add temporal diversity through the sequential planting of different crops during the same season. To optimize plant density, the sowing rate of each crop in the mixture is adjusted below its full rate. If full rates of each crop were planted, neither would yield well because of intense overcrowding. By reducing the sowing rates of each, the crops have a chance to yield well within the mixture. A research study was conducted by Hunsigi & Gupta (2010) revealed that intercropping of basil (Ocimum basilicum) with mungbean in planting pattern of 25% basil and 100% mungbean lead to higher land equivalent ratio (LER). Shahbazi and Sarajuoghi (2012) reported that in multiple cropping of faba bean and maize crops with mixing rates of 75% maize and 25% faba bean yield and yield components of maize crop was the highest. This study has performed to evaluation intercropping effect of mungbean (Vigna radiata) with two varieties of marigold Kampar and Porpar on yield and yield components of the both crops and weeds biomass.

Materials and Methods
A field study was conducted on marigold and mungbean in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replications in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, north-west of Iran, during 2014. The climate of research site is semi-arid cold with an average annual precipitation of 271 mm. The soil was sandy-loam with EC of 0.72 dS m-1 and pH of 7.8. The field was ploughed twice (October 2013 and March 2014) and fertilizers applied, based on soil analysis, were 80 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1 of triple super phosphate and urea respectively. The field then harrowed to prepare the final seed bed. Plots size was 3×4 m. Treatments were marigold cultivars (Kampar, Porpar) and mungbean sowing rates (0, 12.5%, 25%, 37.5% and 50% of optimum density). An important tool for the study and evaluation of intercropping systems is the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER). LER providing that all other things being equal measure of the yield advantage obtained by growing two or more crops or varieties as an intercrop compared to growing the same crops or varieties as a collection of separate monocultures. LER thus allows us to go beyond a description of the pattern of diversity into an analysis of the advantages of intercropping. The LER is calculated using the below formula.
LER=Yci/Yc + Ymi/Ym
An LER value of 1.0, indicating no difference in yield between the intercrop and the collection of monocultures. Any Value greater than 1.0 indicates a yield advantage for intercrop.
All data were statistically analyzed based on Randomized Complete Block Design, using MSTAT-C software. The means of the treatments were compared using the Duncan's Multiple Range test at * P < 0.05.

Results and Discussion
Dominant weeds emerged in the experiment field were broad leaves weeds such as lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and small bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and narrow leaves weeds bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) and wild rye (Secale montaneum). Such as based on variance analysis, effect of marigold variety on its stem height and weeds biomass was significant. Sowing rates influenced weeds biomass and dry flower yield of marigold. Also, interaction of studied factors on grain number per pod and land equivalent ratio was significant. Results showed that in marigold cv. Porpar plots weeds had higher biomass than Kampar. When mungbean was sown with 37.5% of optimum density, marigold dry flower yield increased significantly. Greater flower yield was produced from marigold sole cropping and its intercropping with mungbean at 37.5% of optimum density, which were 103.5 and 95.8 g m-2, respectively. In planting patterns of 25% mungbean+100% marigold, 37.5% mungbean+100% marigold and 50% mungbean+100% marigold mungbean grain yields were higher (37.2, 39.9 and 41.6 g m-2 respectively). In all treatments except 12.5% mungbean+100% marigold land equivalent ratio was higher than unit.

Conclusion
Because of improvement of land equivalent ratio in marigold cv. Kampar intercropped with different densities of mungbean and also in marigold cv. Porpar intercropped with ˃25% optimum densities of mungbean plots, intercropping of 12.5% mungbean+100% marigold cv. Kampar and 25% mungbean+100% marigold in cv. Porpar could be recommended.

Key words: Dry flower yield, Land equivalent ratio, Optimum density, Sole cropping


Patients (pts) with MDS and iron overload often receive iron chelation therapy (ICT), although there are no data demonstrating that this improves clinical outcome. Pts with thalassemia receiving ICT do have improved survival and a decrease in number of end-organ toxicities. We performed a retrospective review of 178 pts seen at St.Paul's Hospital in Vancouver, Canada, from January 1981 to April 2006, with a bone marrow diagnosis (Dx) of MDS. Clinical data were collected from the practice database, the Iron Chelation Program of British Columbia database, and by chart review. Pts receiving ICT were treated with desferroxamine 0.5–3g by subcutaneous infusion over 12 hours, 5 days per week. 105 were male and 73 female. MDS Dx were: RA, n=36; RARS, n=42; RAEB, n=28; RAEB-t or AML, n=16, CMMoL, n=25; other, n=31. Age at Dx was a median of 69 (18–94) years. Median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 1.6 (33–155) G/l, hemoglobin (Hgb) 96.5 (33–155) G/l, and platelet count 115 (7–644) G/l. Cytogenetic analysis was available in 128 pts; low risk (as defined by the IPSS), n=85; intermediate, n=22; high, n=21. Calculation of IPSS score was feasible in 133 pts; low risk, n=44; int-1, n=55; int-2, n=17; high, n=17. An elevated ferritin level, defined as a serum ferritin of ≥ 2000 ug/ml, was found in 28 pts. Clinical evidence of iron overload was present in 22 pts; CHF with no other contributing factor n=5; liver disease n=18; endocrine dysfunction, n=4; other, n=4; biopsy or imaging evidence was available in 6 pts. Of 18 pts receiving ICT, median duration of ICT was 15 (0–37) months (mo) and reasons for initiating ICT were: elevated ferritin, n=13; clinical and biochemical evidence of iron overload, n=3; number of transfusions received, n=2. In ICT pts, median ferritin level pre-ICT was 4215 (1500–8400) and post-ICT was 2659 (567–5228). In non-ICT pts with elevated ferritin, median ferritin after Dx was 1647 (265–5009) ug/L and at recent follow up was 3188 (763–12723) ug/L. There was a trend toward higher initial ferritin level in ICT pts (p


Research on mass transfer in liquid membrane permeation has still left some challenging aspects to be solved. Although discussed very intensively the published models are rarely comparable and suffer from a lack of accuracy. The program was started with research on the widely investigated and very common test system Znaqu / Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid/ sulphuric acid. Based on the experimental investigation and the modelling of mass transfer in liquid/liquid extraction the target of this project has been detailed analysis of mass transfer through rigid membranes. Besides variation of the chemical potential the influence of the composition of the mobile solvent phase on mass transfer has been determined. Several transport properties such as composition dependence of the dynamic viscosity of the solvent phase have been recorded. For modelling of the experiments an analytical model with consideration of transport and thermodynamic properties has proven advantageous over several mass transfer models.


How effective is repression relative to more conciliatory counterterrorist policies? The literature on counterterrorism identifies multiple different expectations about the relationship between repression and terrorist attacks. On the one hand, some scholars argue that repression reduces terrorism. Others argue that repressive policies exacerbate grievances that motivate people to use terrorism. Still others expect more complex effects, with certain types of selective repression achieving reductions in terrorist violence. These contradictory findings may result from several key problems with existing counterterrorism data. In this study, we discuss these problems and introduce an original data set of Israeli counterterrorist tactics from 1987-2004 designed to overcome them. The data set, developed using automated machine coding, identifies daily events data on a full range of counterterrorism tactics and policies from 1987 through 2004. This data will allow us to assess the relative effects of the different policies on the trajectory of terrorism against Israel. Although our results are preliminary and descriptive, we conclude by identifying the scholarly and policy implications of our research.


Every profession in this modern age must continuously adapt itself to the rapidly evolving technological society. Keeping up with the today's constant change and innovation is a challenging task, but one must undertake it to operate successfully in the world. The task is formidable because new information is appearing at an overwhelming rate. The proliferation of knowledge, referred to earlier as the "information explosion" and recently as the "information revolution," is affecting all professionals; but none more than the librarian. As they are located at the center of the blast, they must hasten to implement the advancements in library science in order to handle the mass of new information in all the areas of knowledge. This means that library personnel have a special responsibility to keep themselves upto-date with developments in their field.


A magnetotelluric (MT) survey have been performed to delineate deeply extended fracuture systems at the geothermal field in Seokmo Island, Inchon, Korea. One borehole (BH-1) succeed to meet a large fracture system at the depth of 750 m, where approximately 70 °C geothermal water is overflowing, while the other borehole (BH-2), which is about 200 m eastward from BH-1, failed to develop enough geothermal water until it reached down to the depth of 1,200 m. Inversions of MT data for two lines roughly perpendicular to the two major lineaments respectively show that one of the lineaments are related to the fracture systems that are extended at least down to 1.5 km depth and inclined eastwards. From the interpretation, addtional drilling for BH-2 is performed and finally meet the fracture systems at the depth of 1,280 m. More than 4,000 tons/day of geothermal water overflows from the well BH-2 with temperature higher than 70 °C. Geothermal water from both wells showed very simillar chemical compositions and temperature, so that they can be considered as the same origin; i.e. from the same fracture system.


; the hypothalamus reflexly signals for a sympathetic discharge, and the sympathetic discharge raises the blood pressure back to its basal level. The amount of sympathetic discharge depends upon the strength of the reflex signal from the hypothalamus, and the strength of the reflex signal depends upon the degree of hypothalamic excitability. The measurement of blood pressure changes following methacholine, therefore, amounts to a measure of hypothalamic excitability. A visual analog of the Funkenstein test was examined by validating the visual test against the blood pressure test of hypothalamic excitability. The visual test was developed from the finding of the Soviet psychologist, Kravkov,2 that sympathetic arousal increases sensitivity to short spectral wave lengths and decreases sensitivity to long wave lengths. Parasympathetic arousal has an opposite effect. The visual changes were thought analogous to the blood pressure changes of the Funkenstein test in that in each case the autonomic balance of sympathetic vs. parasympathetic predominance of response was, to use Gellhorn's apt phrase, "tuned." The FunkenStein test tuned the autonomie balance of reflex blood pressure response to sinoaortic pressures. The visual test tuned the auto¬ nomie balance of image intensity to spectral wave lengths. The blood pressure test involved a "downward" hypothalamic dis¬ charge, while the visual test was to repre¬ sent an "upward" discharge. The difference between the two tests in the direction of hypothalamic discharge was the basis for calling the visual test an analog rather than stressing its identity with the Funkenstein test. The visual test required a mild dose of a parasympathomimetic drug in contrast to the severe dose required for the Funken¬ stein test. Finally, the contrasting effects of identical doses of sedatives in shifting auto¬ nomie balance on each test was compared.


We argue that the $1^{--}$ glueball $O$ is much cleaner than other glueball candidates. Anomalously large $J/\psi \to \rho\pi, K^*\bar K$ decays and the scalar glueball mass scale suggest that $m_{O} \simeq m_{J/\psi}$.


AC coupled interconnects enable reliable, multi-gigabit-per-second communication data rates between integrated circuits with very high pin counts and low power consumption. When used in conjunction with NRZ-tolerant receivers, interconnect arrays with pitches below 100 /spl mu/m and data rates of 6 Gbps/per pin can be built.


James Joyce's Ulysses celebrates all facets of daily life in its refusal to censor raw human emotions and emissions. He adopts a critically medical perspective to portray this honest, unfiltered narrative. In doing so, he reveals the ineffectiveness of the physician-patient relationship due to doctors' paternalistic attitudes that hinder nonjudgmental, open listening of this unfiltered narrative. His exploration of the doctor's moral scrutiny, cultural prejudices, and authoritative estrangement from the patient underscore the importance in remembering that physicians and patients alike are ultimately just fellow human beings. Wryly, he drives this point to literal nausea, as his narrative proudly asserts the revulsive details of public health, digestion, and death. In his gritty ruminations on the human body's material reality, Joyce mocks the physician's highbrow paternalism by forcing him to identify with the farting, vomiting, decaying bodies around him. In celebrating the uncensored human narrative, Joyce challenges physician and patient alike to openly listen to the stories of others.


In this study, Cao et al. identify two cis-regulatory elements (E1 and E2) functioning as shadow enhancers to regulate the early expression of the HoxA genes. Their results reveal multiple regulatory layers for Hox genes to fine-tune transcriptional programs essential for development.


We want to establish the basic properties of a scale invariant cosmology, that also accounts for the hypothesis of scale invariance of the empty space at large scales. We write the basic analytical properties of the scale invariant cosmological models. The hypothesis of scale invariance of the empty space at large scale brings interesting simplifications in the scale invariant equations for cosmology. There is one new term, depending on the scale factor of the scale invariant cosmology, that opposes to gravity and favours an accelerated expansion. We first consider a zero-density model and find an accelerated expansion, going like t square. In models with matter present, the displacements due to the new term make a significant contribution Omega_l to the energy-density of the Universe, satisfying an equation of the form Omega_m + Omega_k + Omega_l = 1. Unlike the Friedman's models, there is a whole family of flat models (k=0) with different density parameters Omega_m smaller than 1. We examine the basic relations between the density and geometrical properties, as well as the conservation laws. The models containing matter have an inflexion point, with first a braking phase followed by an accelerated expansion phase. The scale invariant models have interesting properties and deserve further investigations.


Design,construction technology and construction control of construction of tube-in-tube with large diameter are introduced.The engineer has got better technologic and economic benefit.


A Compact Integrated Narcotics Detection Instrument (CINDI) has been developed at NOVA R and D, Inc., in cooperation with the US Coast Guard. This detector utilizes neutrons emitted from {sup 252}Cf. Neutrons emitted from the front face of CINDI penetrate dense compartment barrier materials with little change in energy but are backscattered by hydrogen-rich materials such as drugs. The backscattered neutrons are detected, and the rate is displayed by a microprocessor-controller integrated into CINDI. The operator guides the detector along a suspected area and receives immediate feedback from the state-of-the-art electronics. For user safety, the device incorporates a highly sensitive detection scheme to permit the use of a very weak radioactive source, without compromising detectability. CINDI is capable of detecting narcotics effectively behind panels made of steel, wood, fiberglass, or even lead-lined materials. This makes it useful for inspecting marine vessels, ship bulkheads, automobiles, structure walls, or small sealed containers. Figure 2 shows three views of the CINDI instrument. CINDI responds strongly to hydrogen-rich materials such as narcotics. It has been tested at NOVA, the US Coast Guard, and Brewt Power Systems. The results of the tests show excellent response and specificity to narcotics. CINDI has led to a newmore » technology that shows promise for identifying the concealed contraband. The new technique uses a fusion of two independent but complementary signals for detecting and possibly identifying concealed drugs in a variety of carriers such as vehicles, marine vessels, airplanes, containers, cargo, and luggage. The carriers will be scanned using both neutron and gamma-ray sources. The signal from both the neutron and gamma-ray backscattering and/or transmission can be used simultaneously to detect and possibly identify the contrabands it has been trained for. A system that can produce three-dimensional images for both signals may also be developed. The two images may be combined and analyzed by a fast host computer to detect concealed contraband. The two independent signatures when analyzed simultaneously may help determine the type of concealed contraband.« less


Abstract Real estate has often been regarded as information inefficient due to its heterogeneity and diversity. While the academic literature has recognized the role of information in real estate, the application of game theory to information problems has been somewhat limited. In particular, we focus on adverse selection and moral hazard. Examples of such strategic uncertainty are provided to illustrate these issues and the potential solutions.


In the title crystal structure, [Cd(NCS)(NO3)(C11H9N5)]n, the unique CdII ion is coordinated in a distorted pentagonal–bipyramidal environment. The axial thiocyanate ligands act in a μ1,3-bridging mode to connect symmetry-related CdII ions into one-dimensional chains along [010]. In addition, there are intermolecular C—H⋯O contacts between chains.


Silylene complexes (L/sub n/M double bond SiR/sub 2/) are postulated intermediates in a number of transition-metal-mediated transformations, including Rochow's direct process, catalytic redistribution of silanes, and various silylene-transfer reactions. Unfortunately, such species have been synthetically elusive, despite the well-established existence of congeneric carbene, germylene, stannylene, and plumbylene complexes. Although numerous examples of silylene-bridged bimetallic species exist, there are no well-characterized examples of compounds possessing a formal metal-silicon double bond, despite numerous attempts to prepare them. To investigate the chemistry of transition-metal-silicon double bonds, the authors are attempting to develop synthetic routes to such terminal silylene complexes. Here the authors report the first synthesis and complete structural characterization of a base-stabilized transition-metal silylene complex.


In this paper, the researches on water stress in eucalyptus were reviewed from eucalyptus traits of leaf and root,physio-chemistry, molecular inheritance and so on,which were involved with water stress.From these,this paper was put forward for reference to the research of drought resistant mechanism and breeding.


An emerging area of research is the study of factors that influence the use of e-learning systems in higher education. Previous studies have mainly focused on the factors that influence the adoption of learning management systems (LMS) from the student's point of view, and rarely from the point of view of the university lecturers. Moodle is an open-source LMS that has been used increasingly by the higher education community worldwide in the past few years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that explain the acceptance of Moodle by academic personnel (faculty members) in the Greek higher education system. The convenience sample consists of 85 lecturers from different universities in Greece. All of them reported having used Moodle. Using the technology acceptance model, the correlations between the six latent variables (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, behavioral intention to use, perceived self-efficacy, subjective norms, and technology complexity) were examined. Five of the eight hypotheses were supported by variance base structural equation modelling. The total explained variance of the faculty members' behavioral intention to use Moodle was estimated to be 68.3%. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had a high overall effect. Subjective norms, self-efficacy, and technological complexity influenced the teachers' intentions to adopt Moodle. This study recommends training as well as technical support for academic personnel. In addition, stakeholders should address these factors to increase usability, awareness of new opportunities for the educational community, accessibility, and the general dissemination of the benefits of learning management systems in education.


The p.Arg14del founder mutation in the gene encoding phospholamban (PLN) is associated with an increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmia and heart failure. Ejection fraction (EF) is the gold standard of systolic left ventricular (LV) function, however new technics using global longitudinal strain (GLS) are able to detect LV dysfunction early, e.g. in patients with chemotherapy. Moreover, strain analysis on post systolic shortening (PSS) can show distinct pattern in various diseases, e.g. patients with myocardial fibrosis and amyloid. The goal of this study was to investigate whether speckle tracking (GLS and PSS) of the LV can detect LV dysfunction in patients with PLN mutations and whether these patients have a specific PSS pattern.

 72 Patients (49 female, mean age 32 years) diagnosed with the genetic PLN mutation p.Arg14del and 21 controls (10 female, mean age 27 years) underwent complete Echocardiographic exam including LVEF, GLS and PSI of all LV segments. LVEF <50% was considered as LV dysfunction. The diagnostic characteristics of GLS and PSI were determined.

 Pearson correlation is in PLN patients between PSI apex and EF 0.677 (P <.0001) PSI apex and GLS 0.692 (P <.0001)
 PLN patients appeared to have a typical pattern with a high PSI in the apical segments. An apical PSI >20 was the strongest diagnostic parameter indicating LV dysfunction.
 Apical PSI >20 and LVEF <50% have a sensitivity and specificity of 78% and 85%.
 Diagnostic characteristics PLN Controls P-value LVEF, % 55.2 59.3 0.033 GLS, % 15.5 17.3 0.163 PSI basal 8.5 10.1 0.326 PSI mid 5.6 2.9 0.070 PSI apical 15.6 2.1 0.01 LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; GLS, Global longitudinal strain; PSI, post systolic index.
 PSI

 PLN patients have a typical pattern of high PSI in the apex of the left ventricular which can be used as a diagnostic test to detect LV dysfunction.


This paper describes the present development status of the space simulator for the ground test of spacecrafts such as satellites, space telescopes, the international space station, space explorers, and space launchers. The space simulation facilities of NASA, ESTEC, and other space environment test centers of China, Japan, Brazil, and Korea were described, and the development plan of KARI's space test facilities was discussed.


Objective To investigate the bronchoscope in the respiratory medical emergency application.Methods 60 patients with respiratory medical emergency,operation of fiber bronchoscopy method and effect were analyzed.Results 59 cases markedly effective,ineffective in 1 case,the total effective rate was 98.33%.Conclusion Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients in the emergency use of Respiratory Medicine has a good effect.


Mobility has driven the need for secure remote access from more locations, end point devices, platforms and environments. Correspondingly, Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology has quickly changed to meet this need. Increasingly, organizations are upgrading their remote access technology from legacy Internet Protocol Security (IPSec VPNs) to more sophisticated Secure Socket Layer VPN (SSL VPN) solutions. We propose to examine the differences between these VPN technologies and approach the accurate criteria for deciding what technology will fit better for networks access needs. In this paper, we will study VPN IPSEC and SSL VPN to have a clear idea about flexibility and security features that the two technologies offer; then help security managers to make the right decision when comparing both protocols Strengths and Weaknesses from a security and management perspective.


Are we descended from Adam or from rational economic homunculi? Rational-man theories usually favour the latter. But all four main versions run into famous puzzles of collective action. The cause is an underlying Humean philosophy of mind, by which desires, not reasons, move the rational man. When this is replaced, the idea of expressive rationality can be made to work. It requires a model of man, which gives human nature less variables and more constants. Among the constants there needs to be a pride, which spurs men both to create a social framework and to undermine their own creation. The old name for this source of social contradictions is Original Sin.


We have carried out a series of experiments on alkene oxidation on Pd(100). We have studied a wide range of O(a) coverages using temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy under UHV conditions. Reactions on both clean and O(a)-covered Pd(100) surfaces were investigated


Aromatic sulphides were prepared by the photolysis of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulphenyl acetate with aromatic compounds. The reaction is general and is shown to proceed via electrophilic attack by the 2,4-dinitrobenzene-sulphenium ion, or its precursor. Transfer of oxygen from the ortho-nitro-group to the sulphur atom for 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulphenyl derivatives is demonstrated under photolytic conditions. Evidence is accumulated for the formation of a nitrene type of intermediate in certain of these redox reactions.


. The article presents a clinical case of successful minimally invasive treatment of a patient with duodenal perforation after retrograde cholangiography, it is shown that duodenal perforation is a severe and rare complication of retrograde cholangiography. Intervention techniques can be successfully applied in treatment of patients with retroperitoneal duodenal perforations after endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and papillotomy provided that retroperitoneal fouling is delimited and peritonitis is absent.


The volunteer with the unstable Angina Pectoris was treated from his Diabetes II and his right arm inflammation by the combination of the two antibiotics carbenicillin and lincomicin as that was described before. Unstable stenocardia became very stable after the treatment of Diabetes II. The volunteer has experienced no any heart pains after Diabetes II cure even at the increased muscle activities. The complete recovery of the volunteer expands the spectrum of the antibacteria activity of the combintnation of carbenicillin and lincomycin against Presudomonas aeruginosa to wards certain strains of anarobic microorganisms, typical inhabitants of human teef


The glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) receptor performs an important role in glycaemic control, stimulating the release of insulin. It is an attractive target for treating type 2 diabetes. Recently, several reports of adverse side effects following prolonged use of GLP‐1 receptor therapies have emerged: most likely due to an incomplete understanding of signalling complexities.


1 Present address: Energy Systems Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA. ABSTRACT A new method for predicting and evaluating the energy performance of large commercial and institutional buildings is developed, as an alternative to using existing comprehensive energy simulation programs like DOE-2 and BLAST, or oversimplified tools like analyzing monthly utility bills. The steps are convenient and practical in their potential use by the energy analysts. The method mainly groups the Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression (SMLR) to empirically model the dynamic building thermal performance; Fourier Series to predict (extrapolate) internal loads; the Monte-Carlo Simulation to deal with the prediction of internal loads probabilistically; and a new approach in ormalizing weather conditions. The method is capable of predicting the building energy performance in the pre-retrofit phase, identifies appropriate energy conservation measures, and estimates potential energy savings.


Information and resources about the Created Equal grant and its five associated documentaries. Sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.


Contents: Ambivalence and Irony: literary devices or aspects of a world view? - The attitude of Ambivalence and Irony as a general characteristic of the age - Their manifestations in Roth's life and work.


SPOT5, the fifth satellite of the SPOT remote sensing satellite family was successfully launched on the 4th of May 2002. SPOT5 is designed to ensure continuity of data acquisition and space image services but also to provide users with advanced products. It flies two identical cameras named HRG (High Resolution Geometry) providing a 2.5 m and a 5 m resolution in a panchromatic mode and a 10 m resolution in a multi-spectral mode, still keeping a 60-km ground field. Stereo application is part two of the SPOT5 mission; the satellite flies a specific High Resolution Stereo instrument (HRS) made up of two telescopes allowing a 20° fore view and a 20° aft view over a 120-km swath, sampling the landscape every 5m. VEGETATION2, a wide field of view imaging radiometer complements the mission thanks to its daily coverage of the earth. The paper presents the mission, the commissioning phase that followed the satellite launch, the assessment of the image quality and the first calibration results.


EXPERIENCE of hiatal hernia and reflux peptic oesophagitis has thrown more and more doubt on the wisdom of performing mediastinal oesophago-gastric anastomoses. In this unit the operation has been virtually abandoned for many years, except for its occasional use as a purely palliative measure in a patient with a very short expectation of life. In its place aesophago-jejunal anastomoses have been used. Most of the patients had a carcinoma of the upper end of the stomach or lower end of the oesophagus, and it was felt that the dictates of pathology required a high resection of the oesophagus at least 2 in. above the top of the growth as seen through the aesophagoscope. In operations for malignant disease it is important that the resection should not be done with an eye to the exigencies of anastomosis, but that the points of section of the gut should be chosen with a view to complete extirpation of the disease. The only oesophagojejunal anastomosis that allows this freedom is the so-called Row loop, for it may be fashioned to reach almost any level. Apart from a few rarities, the other patients in this series have had a peptic ulcer of the oesophagus with stenosis, and in these also it has been necessary to perform a high anastomosis, for the strictures occur at the top of a sliding hernia of the stomach and cause permanent oesophageal shortening. The purpose of this paper is not to consider the indications for a Roux loop, but to describe an exact technique for its preparation, and to give results to show that with care and experience its use need not seriously affect operative mortality. I t seems, from the experience of others, that the morbidity after oesophagojejunostomy is less with a Roux loop than after any other form of anastomosis. Historical Note.-The use of an eponym calls for some justification and a brief historical survey. The important underlying principle in the use of intestine for oesophageal anastomosis is its elongation by a plastic operation on the mesentery, with division of one or more rami intestini tenuis (Fig. 217). The study of forty-seven books and papers has shown that many authors have claimed originality or priority for slight differences of use or technique, which have added to the sum of knowledge and experience without justifying special comment. The anatomy of the intestinal arteries was well known to Vesalius (1540) and probably to many before him. In 1875 Litten demonstrated that ligature of some of the intestinal vessels does not necessarily cause necrosis, and in 1897 the subject of collateral circulation was studied by Bier. Wullstein in 1904, after observations on the cadaver, proposed both a mediastinal oesophagojejunostomy and an antethoracic oesophagoplasty by a combination of intestinal loop and skin tube, using the basic principle of division of intestinal arteries and Tanastomosis. He suggested that it was not necessary to divide the jejunum below, but that food should be allowed to pass straight into the jejunum. It was left to Cesar Roux, however, to perform and publish in 1907 the first successful operation on man. He brought up a loop of intestine subcutaneously on the anterior chest wall as far as the neck, anastomosed the lower end to the stomach and restored intestinal continuity by a Murphy button (Fig. 218 A). His description was published before the anastomosis between the loop and the cervical oesophagus had


There are 27 approved antiretroviral drugs and combinations of these drugs clearly change the natural history of HIV infection, dramatically decreasing HIV‐related morbidity and mortality and promoting healthy survival. Despite the proven benefits, we continue to consider basic strategic questions about antiretroviral therapy: When should we start ART? What regimen to start? When should we change ART? What ART regimen should we change to?


The change characteristics of temperature,moisture content,pH,C/N,total organic carbon content,total kjeldahl nitrogen content,total phosphorus content,total potassium content,E.coli population and seed germination index(GI) in compost process were studied with the mixture of mushroom residue and rabbit manure.The results showed that the production of mushroom residue and rabbit manure composting could achieve the purpose of innocent treatment,the factories could use rabbit manure and mushroom residue to produce organic fertilizer.


With the development of the information technology and the popularity of the information system in the insurance industry, the offline application of the information system has greatly increased. The traditional process of insurance is limited to the stuff service in business hall or the agency, which limits the time and place of the business and largely wastes manpower and material resources of the insurance company. Confronted with the new business, the insurance industry is driven to form an insurance information system based on Smart Client. Based on an information system applicated in the insurance industry, the essay focuses on how to design a Smart Client mobile CRM system which is rationally-structured and soundly operated.


Network security provides a security for all the programs or files or system. Some attackers attack a programs or files or passwords or other personal details of the user. Like the same way Rootkit is one of the malicious file or a software which attacks a network security and acts an administrator in an absence of the user knowledge. Rootkit virus is stealthy in nature and is installed in the system through a file or a driver or coding. It attacks the system through the kernel-level in the real time. Files are hided through the rootkit in the absence of the user knowledge. They can monitor the other user's activity when the botnet is installed in the other system. Rootkit allows the attacker through the backdoor. So that attacker can steal the users personal details. Task manager, service and the registry are got destroyed or made changes. The attacker can make any changes at any time. Finally the malicious file and authorized files are distinguished and their accuracy is performed.


Objective To prepare the compound liquorice ointment with the extract of liquorice and doxepin hydrochloride,and to establish the quality standard of this ointment. Methods The extract of liquorice was identified by TLC,and doxepin hydrochloride was identified by UV. The content of glycyrrhizic acid and doxepin hydrochloride of the ointment was determined by HPLC.Results The extract of liquorice could be identified through the comparison of the Rf value. Doxepin hydrochloride could be identified through the absorption peak of UV. The content of glycyrrhizic acid and doxepin hydrochloride of the ointment was determined by HPLC with the different chromatographic condition at 252 nm and 290 nm. To determine the three batches of the ointment,the content of glycyrrhizic acid was above 16. 2 mg in each gram ointment,and doxepin hydrochloride was between 45- 55 mg. Conclusion The extract of liquorice and doxepin hydrochloride could be identified by TLC and UV. The principal agent content of ointment could be determined by HPLC.


I recently happened to discover correspondence between A. A. Fadeev and a prominent Soviet critic and literary expert, Professor V. V. Ermilov (1904-1965), Doctor of Philology. This correspondence, which is of considerable interest to literary history and public affairs, is presently being readied for publication.


Abstract : A design procedure is presented which focuses upon a dynamic compensator of pre-specified structural form. The order and feedback matrices of the compensator are first chosen to achieve stability through pole assignment via plant output feedback. The compensator feedforward matrices are then selected to satisfy various steady-state and static or dynamic decoupling constraints. (Author)


In this paper, the science and technology management information system, the science and technology information service system and according subsystems, which construct the framework of the science and technology information management platform of research institutes, are introduced. In addition to this, the functional and business processes are also described, which should be very important for research institutes and construct their own science and technology information management platform.


The papers making up this special issue were presented at a session on Cultural Systems as part of the European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research (EMCSR) 2002 and were organized by Paul Ballonoff with co-organizers Irina Ezhkova, Michael Fischer, Paul Jorion, and Dwight Read. The session was divided into two parts. The first part, arranged by Michael Fischer, followed the format of a series of papers around a common theme. The second part, arranged by Dwight Read, was based on a panel discussion. Each panelist gave a short position paper. These were followed by an open discussion among the panelists and the audience. This special issue of Cybernetics and Systems is based primarily on the panel papers. In addition to the panel papers, two papers from the morning session have been included. These are the papers ''Integrating Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Culture: The 'Hard' and the 'Soft' '' by Michael Fischer and ''Modeling Context in Punjabi Conflict Resolution: Social Organizations as Context Agents'' by Stephen Lyon. The paper by Michael Fischer was honored with being one of two papers selected as best paper of the conference by the EMCSR2002 organizer,Dr. Robert Trappl, and the paper by Stephen Lyon was selected by the Cultural Systems session organizers as the best paper from themorning session. The panel paper by Sander van der Leeuw (''Why Model?'') was selected by the Cultural System session organizers as the best paper from the panel session.


Objective To compare the parameters of trauma after da Vinci robotic surgery and video- assisted mini- thoractomy( VAMT) and evaluate the minimally invasion of da Vinci robotic system. Methods We collected 40 patients that underwent da Vinci robotic surgery and 48 patients that underwent video- assisted mini- thoractomy. We used 3 arms,one endoscopic pole and two operating poles,for robotic procedures and a 3 ~ 4 cm auxiliary incision was needed for lung resection. In VAMT,the endoscopic pole was placed in the 7th intercostals space. A 7 ~ 12 cm incision was made for performance and a rib retractor was needed. We collected the data about blood loss,degree of postoperative pain,volume and duration of drainage and compared it between the two groups. Results All of the 88 cases completed operation smoothly. The blood loss was( 49 ± 14) ml in robot group VS( 197 ± 34) ml in VAMT group; the pain scale was PRI 0. 1523 ± 0. 0229 in robot group VS PRI 0. 2571 ± 0. 0345 in VAMT group; the postoperative drainage was( 874 ± 139) ml for( 6 ± 1) d in robot group VS( 1696 ± 201) ml for( 8 ± 1) d. The results were applied t- test to perform statistical analysis,P 0. 05. Conclusion With robotic surgery,the pain and blood loss is less than that with VAMT,and the volume and time of drainage is also less. The robotic surgery is safer and minimally invasive.


High power switches are indispensable components in electronic subsystems for applications such as advanced hybrid electric vehicles. Due to its unipolar nature, a Schottky diode does not exhibit the minority carrier storage effect, and the device has a negligible reverse current transient. Therefore, faster switching can be achieved with Schottky diodes compared to p-n junction diodes. The successful application of Schottky diodes for power rectification also requires efficient thermal management. In this regard, GaN offers an additional advantage due to its relatively high thermal conductivity (compared to Si). A major disadvantage of sapphire substrates that are widely used for epitaxial growth is the poor thermal conductivity (0.5W/cm-K) which limits high current conduction. Recent studies have shown that high quality, low dislocation density, bulk GaN substrates have a relatively high thermal conductivity of 2.3W/cm-K. Furthermore, it is expected that the bulk GaN substrate allows vertical device geometries with a full backside ohmic contact for much higher current conduction compared to lateral rectifiers fabricated on insulating substrates.


The problem of creation of a universal model of philological analysis of a text is discussed. Main stages of the work with poetic texts are enumerated. Content and factual level of a poem is analyzed, as well as conceptual and content one.


Gregory R. D. Evans, MD Garrett A. Wirth, MD General Reconstructive Surgery. Procedures in Reconstructive Surgery Series. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Ltd; 2008. Hardcover and DVD. ISBN-10: 0702029254 ISBN-13: 978-0702029257 ![][1]

One of the most useful books on my shelf, especially as I prepared for cases in the operating room or studied for the oral American board exams, was Operative Plastic Surgery , published in 2000 by McGraw-Hill and edited by Dr. Greg Evans. That textbook was a commonsense, organized, relevant approach to many of the bread-and-butter procedures in plastic surgery. To this day, I cite it as a necessary volume to those who ask for recommendations. I recently read the follow-up text General Reconstructive Surgery , which was coedited by Drs. Evans and Wirth. This book is one of a four-volume set meant …

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The issues concerning translating classical Chinese poems into English are analyzed on three layers namely: sound,wording and rhetoric,artistic mood or implication,focusing on how to adapt the prosodic conventions of Chinese into those of English;how to deal with wording and rhetoric of Chinese poetry in an English context;and how to reproduce artistic mood or implication of the original poems.


The theory of control systems deals with the analysis and design of interacting components of a system in a configuration that provides the desired behavior. This paper deals with the problem of the identification of non-linear systems through Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We propose a structure of a CNN and perform simulations with test data using unsupervised learning for the identification of nonlinear systems. Also, MLP is used to compare the results when there is noise in the training data, which allows us to see that the proposed CNN has better performance and can be used for cases where the noise is present. The proposed CNN is validated with test data. Tests are carried out with Gas oven data, comparing the proposed structure of CNN with a MLP. When there is noise in the data, CNN has better performance than MLP.


Abstract Conceptual clarification of dimensions in the treatment environment of a residential unit for young offenders is the purpose of the study. The sensitizing ideas of structure, control, contemporaneous, and developmental matching from the Conceptual Level Matching Model (Hunt, 1971) inform the study. Besides specification of the types, quality, and settings of staff-youth interactions, components of a highly structured environment are described. Several strategies promoting the developmental and contemporaneous environment matched to youths who need high structure are illustrated. The tension of implementing those characteristics necessary for contemporaneous and those required for developmental matching is discussed, and certain activities that manage the tension are described.


This paper considers the film Frozen River (2008) for the purpose of considering how the US-Canadian border is dramatised within the context of two women caught up in a illicit trading of migrants via a Native American Reservation. Re-calibrating more mainstream Hollywood's fascination with the United States' southern border, Frozen River usefully focuses attention on two areas that deserve further reflection namely the materiality of borders and border crossings and biopolitics. The paper concludes with some reflections on how borders, biopolitics, dispossession and sovereignty need further theorization by political geographers and other scholars.


While there were a few hundred Koreans living in New Zealand before the late 1980s, Korean migration to New Zealand began in earnest in the early 1990s. This was after the New Zealand Government changed its immigration policy at the end of the 1980s and began to accept non-European immigrants. Soon after, many Koreans immigrated to New Zealand and their numbers grew sharply through the 1990s. This was because Koreans perceived New Zealand as a favourable country in which to live where their children could attain a better education while the adults could enjoy a more leisurely lifestyle. The 1997 financial crisis in Korea pushed many Koreans to return to their homeland, but by 2000 the number of Korean immigrants grew again and the number surpassed 20,000 in 2002. Soon, however, the growth rate of Korean immigrants slowed due to the restrictive immigration policies of the New Zealand Government. At the same time, many Koreans who had immigrated to New Zealand re-migrated to other countries such as Australia, Canada and the US in search of better opportunities. Many others returned to their homeland for the same purpose. The New Zealand Census (conducted in 2006) showed that there were 30,792 Koreans in the country, making Koreans the third largest Asian group after Chinese and Indians. About 70% of Koreans are concentrated in the Auckland region, and within Auckland, the great majority of Korean immigrants live in the North Shore area. Korean New Zealanders are relatively young with half of them aged below 25 years old, reflecting the fact that many Korean families migrated here for their children's education. Koreans in New Zealand are generally envied by their friends and relatives in South Korea as the latter believe that the former enjoy a leisurely lifestyle in a clean environment with a good education system. While many Korean immigrants enjoy their lives in this country, they feel that their employment opportunities are very limited. The unemployment rate among Korean immigrants in New Zealand is higher than that of other migrants including Chinese New Zealanders (Meares et al 2010: 35). 1 The income


The purpose of the paper is to use the concept of postsecularism to interpret some selected themes of the British and German Romanticism. Postsecularism is here understood in the sense given to this term by Jurgen Habermas, as a thought which: 1) takes Western secularization to be largely an accomplished fact, but at the same time: 2) claims that religion is an important source of meanings suitable for the secularized public sphere of (post)modern societies. The main contention of the paper is that one can find the roots of the postsecular thought thus understood in the period of Romanticism, in the works of such authors as William Wordswort, William Blake or Novalis. The Romantics assume that the main Christian intuitions, symbols or themes may be "saved", but only within a highly idiosyncratic and heterodox conceptual framework.


The psychological and pedagogical conditions of the conception of fundamental professional education realization have been analyzed.
The pedagogical conditions that allow to form the competitive specialists in physics and mathematics which capable to constructive solve of
the educational problems have been distinguished and analyzed. It has been proved that the training of the future specialist in physics and
mathematics for the creative professional activity is closely related to the inclusion of students to the constructive research activity.
Key words: fundamentalization, conception of fundamental education, fundamental knowledge, professional pedagogical education,
research activities.


Background: Population-based studies suggest that 17.6% of women and 5.6% of men suffer from migraine. Different mechanisms of pathophysiology are reported in allopathic medicine on which pharmaceutical treatments are based. Traditional Chinese Medicine delineates Excess Liver Yang (Wood Element), either relative or absolute resulting from Liver Yin Deficiency, as causing explosive sensations and headaches in migraine. Since Liver opens into the eye, some visual symptoms like photophobia may occur. Objectives: To use Five Element principles to find a different hypothesis for pathophysiology and to determine the outcomes of patients with migraine after acupuncture treatment. Design, Setting, and Participants: A protocol was established to enhance Liver Yin (Wood) with tonification to balance Liver Yang. Water, the Mother Element to the affected Element, Wood, was tonified. In addition, the excess Wood Yang was balanced by tonification of Earth Yang. Finally, dispersion of excess Yang was treated by needlin...


Abstract A new species of tree frog from the Scinax catharinae species group is described, discovered in the Municipality of Ouro Preto, southeastern Brazil. The new species is related to Scinax flavoguttatus, but differs from this species mainly by the light green color on its inguinal regions and hidden portions of flanks and thighs, by its subovoid snout, by its developed nuptial pad, and by its smaller males and females. Additionally, we describe the tadpole which is characterized by: dorsal position of nostril; dorsolateral eyes; gold spots between nostrils and eyes, short spiracle; spiracle opening on the midline of dorsal and ventral surface of body; absence of tail flagellum; oral disc with a short dorsal gap, surrounded by a uniseriate marginal papillae; M- shaped upper jaw sheath; tooth row formula 2(2)/3.


More parental monitoring doesn't necessarily produce less adolescent problems. Recent relative researches reveal that some factors work on the effects of parental monitoring on adolescent behavior, such as family factors including parental knowledge, parent-child relationship and family structure, adolescent attitude to parental monitoring and personal power, deviate peers and community factors. Adolescent problem behavior would also decrease the efficacy of parental monitoring.


An authenticated encryption scheme with (t, n) shared verification was published in 1998 by Hsu and Wu under the assumption that all participant verifiers were honest. An improvement to Hsu-Wu's scheme is proposed in this paper. This improvement can prevent some verifier from cheating others. It also requires fewer transmitted messages. The security of the improved scheme is based on the factoring and discrete logarithms.


Background and Aim:  Expression of biomarkers and probable allelic alterations were studied in esophagus tissue samples from patients with esophageal carcinoma.


Dr. Seigler and his group present an exotic case of rectal carcinoma with associated heterotopic ossification. Despite the fact that heterotopic ossification in gastrointestinal tumors is a rare phenomenon, it offers an opportunity to consider some unusual, but potentially clinically important, aspects of carcinogenesis. One often overlooked feature of epithelial cancer biology is the intriguing and complex interactions that occur at the interface between the epithelial cell and its supporting stroma. Pathologists have long recognized that certain stromal alterations, such as desmoplasia, are often hallmarks of an invasive carcinoma. It was once thought that such changes were ''reactive'' in nature, and possibly some type of host-defense mechanism [1]; however, it is now becoming apparent that stromal changes may play an integral role in malignant transformation and the progression of carcinoma [2,3]. Recent studies have indicated that the stroma also develops somatic mutations in a coordinated way with adjacent malignant epithelium and, interestingly, these changes may actually precede the development of epithelial carcinogenesis [4]. Furthermore, other stromal-centered processes, such as tumorassociated angiogenesis, are so paramount to the process of cancer progression that they have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment [5,6]. Heterotopic ossification is also a complex stromal centered response that occasionally occurs in response to malignancy (as well as in many benign conditions). The linkage of this phenomenon to overexpression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) by some cancers is an important discovery. This fascinating family of proteins are emerging as important cytokines that appear to undergo dysregulation in a wide variety of tumors, including those arising in bone [7], salivary gland [8], prostate [9], and, as reported in the present study, rectum [10,11]. The clinical significance of heterotopic ossification in rectal cancer, or what secrets the molecular mechanisms causing overexpression of BMPs in epithelial cancer in the first place hold, remain to be seen. However, elucidation of the mechanisms governing this process will increase the understanding of epithelial stromal interactions, a clearly important area for further cancer research.


Efficacy of an indigenous fungus, Exserohilum monoceras, for the control of 3 Echinochloa species was evaluated and compared under both regulated greenhouse and screenhouse (field plots netted with 2 layers of metal mesh screening to exclude vertebrate pests) conditions. Under greenhouse conditions, an inoculum dose of 2.5 × 107 conidia m−2 killed all seedlings of both barnyardgrass and E. glabrescens, whereas an inoculum dose of 5.0 × 107 conidia m−2 was required to obtain 100% mortality of junglerice seedlings. The 1.5-leaf stage of all 3 Echinochloa species was the most susceptible. Increasing inoculum density increased weed control efficacy on younger or older Echinochloa seedlings. The highest level of control was observed for E. glabrescens, less for barnyardgrass, and least for junglerice. Under screenhouse conditions, Exserohilum monoceras caused more than 90% mortality of Echinochloa species when the inoculum was formulated as an oil emulsion or when applied as a dry powder.


The Service Department for Safety and Prevention of Accidents of Bologna University has analysed about 400 chemical fume hoods located in the laboratories of the Chemical and other Departments (Biology, Veterinary Medicine, Engineering). The parameters chosen were the face velocity of air immission and the velocity of aspiration. The results are not particularly encouraging and show that the percentage with a sufficient aspiration is too low (about 50%). The hooded benches in the majority of teaching laboratories contribute in some way to this negative result. In some cases preventative maintenance has improved the efficiency of aspiration although this has not always been sufficient to ensure the minimum parameters required by the safety standards were reached. We include recommendations that the correct choice of the hood should be made with regard to the TLV of the substances handled.


Dakwah pesantren Darusy Syahadah in carrying out Islamic education in society has been done since the establishment of boarding school. Islamic boarding school Darusy Syahadah in dakwah applying some approach strategy to society in the form of ethics, method, and persuasive approach in order to achieve the desired result that is submitted Islamic teachings to the community and can be accepted well.
This study aims to determine the strategy of Islamic boarding school Darusy Syahadah Islamic boarding school in implementing Islamic education to the community.
This research is a type of field research, the method used is interview, observation, and documentation as a source of data. Qualitative descriptive analysis becomes technical writer in analyzing data.
This research can be concluded such as: 1) dakwah ethics; Pesanten Darusy Syahadah implements three dakwah ethics as mentioned in the Quran: bil hikmah; Division of material portion and learning according to age of mad'u, bil mau'idhatil hasanah; A gentle speech by not mentioning the heresy that is still embraced by some people, and forbade students who served in ta'limul qura program to act extreme in dakwah, mujadalah billati hiya ahsan; In preaching and solving problems related to dakwah, PPIDS uses the best way in dialogue with mad'u. 2) Method of dakwah; Pesantren Darusy Syahadah apply three methods of dakwah namely: dakwah bil lisan; Learning of al-Quran (TPA) in mantiqoh, regular recitation of community mosque around pesantren, lecture on youtube (darusyahadah channel), and pengajian in radio RDS (Radio Dakwah Syari'ah), dakwah bil qalam; With the publication of Taujih magazine every month and Islamic content writing on the official website (www.darusyahadah.com), dakwah bil hal; Silaturrahmi, cooperation with dakwah organization, social service, gotong royong in road construction, and cleaning community masjid. 3) The form of Islamic education through dakwah for the community is aqidah education, fiqh, morals, al-Quran, and hadith.


A method for performing metallic line testing on a communication system is provided. The communication system includes an isolation transformer disposed between a provider circuit operable to provide a digital subscriber line signal and a subscriber circuit. The isolation transformer has a center tap. A test signal is injected at the center tap. A response of the subscriber circuit to the test signal is sensed.


From few decades, global energy consumption has been increased very rapidly because of the increase in the manufacturing of various industries along with the use of automated systems and hence due to the utilization of various appliances on both sending end and receiving end of the power system. Hence, maintenance of the quality of power is very important as per the stability concern. Due to variation in availability of natural resources penetration of such sources to generate electricity is the big challenge in the existing electrical power system without changing the quality & flow of power. Hence, it is a big deal to maintain generation, distribution and transmission system as a healthy, reliable and extra smart. This paper describes the various power quality issues & task in penetration of renewable energy resources with its solution to maintain constant quality & flow of power with its stability. The paper describes the techniques installed on the power system in order to minimize the power quality problems.


This article discusses the selection and utilization of an electronic data gathering and communications system to facilitate dispatching for a natural gas company. The criteria for choosing a system is presented. The SIP (Survey Instrument Point), an intelligent data collection, storage and communications device within the system is detailed. An evaluation of the system's operation is presented.


The use of PRP injection for treatment of plantar fasciitis resulted in significant improvement in pain according to VAS, PRS, and FFI and a reduction in the thickness of the plantar fascia as measured by US, compared to the saline group.


The virtual machine technologies are widely used in the fields of server consolidation and security,and easy configuration and management.But virtual machines are not really used on high performance computers,because a virtual machine is not suitable for the architecture of HPC and loses some performance.In this paper we present a virtual machine technology for HPC:HPVZ.The HPVZ technology provides a custom user environment,and also provides security isolation and dynamic migration without much degradation in performance.We carry out a detailed analysis on the performance overhead of our HPVZ framework.Our evaluation shows that HPVZ can achieve almost the raw performance of HPC.


Mafic extrusive rocks occasionally intersected by dolerite dykes are the most abundant fragments of oceanic crust in the lower Callovian to upper Valanginian ophiolite melange exposed on the Mt. Medvednica, at the SW tip of the Zagorje-Mid-Transdanubian Shear Zone. The melange includes a chaotic mixture of various extrusive rocks which may be analogues of the oceanic rocks derived from (at least) two different tectonic settings. The extrusive and dyke rocks of this melange are geochemically classified into three magmatic groups: high-Ti group of N-MORB-like with arc signatures (Ti/V = 26.3-38.5), medium- Ti group (Ti/V = 20.2-23.0) and low-Ti group showing untypical LREE depleted [(La/Sm)cn = 0.49-0.62] IAT-like signatures (Ti/V = 13.2-18.0). All three geochemical groups of magmas were successfully monitored by clinopyroxene geochemistry. The magmas have consistent initial Nd-isotopic values (eNd(T=163 Ma) +5.9 to +6.3) and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.703748-0.704286) suggesting a similar parental source related to the initial stage of intraoceanic subduction of a back-arc basin ridge. It represents the new crust formed from melts derived from LREE extremely depleted MORB-type mantle which was affected by concomitant metasomatism and partial melting in a suprasubduction forearc setting. K-Ar ages on plagioclase separates indicate uppermost Bathonian - lower Oxfordian magmatic activity between 165±3.3 Ma and 160±3.3.
A geodynamic model for the Mt. Medvednica ophiolites, part of the Repno oceanic domain of the Meliata-Maliak oceanic system, is here proposed. There are many common geochemical and geological correlation features between the Mt. Medvednica and Szarvasko ophiolites, located in NE Hungary that allow to integrate them in the same oceanic domain, whereas this is not obvious in the case of the Dinaric ophiolites.


Salvadora persica and S. S.oleoides are facultative holophytic plants, well known as miswak, are traditionally used to ensure oral hygiene among Muslim people in Asian and African counties. Species of Salvadora have a number of proven pharmacological importance. Besides, terrestrial fungi endophytic fungi are also gaining importance for the isolation of bioactive compounds. In this study 74 samples (root, shoot and leaves) from S .persica and S. oleoides were examined for endophytic fungi, 22 samples showed presence of Penicillium spp., 48 were found positive for aspergilli, whereas 10 samples showed infection of Fusarium solani,4 were found infected with Macrophomina phaseolina and one with Rhizoctonia solani. Most of the Penicillium isolated were identified as P. restrictum, P. citrinum and P. canescens. In dual culture plate assay out of four Penicillium isolates tested, P.citrinum and one isolate of P.restrictum caused growth inhibition of all four test root rotting fungi, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani. Culture filtrates of Penicillium spp., were also evaluated against four common laboratory bacteria namely Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli and above mentioned root rotting fungi. Culture filtrates of endophytic Penicillium spp., also showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Secondary metabolites of endophytic Penicillium spp., offer an exciting area of research for the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds.


The faint (g = 16.9) hot white dwarf BOKS 53856 was observed by the Kepler Mission in short cadence mode during mid-2009. Analysis of these observations reveals a highly stable modulation with a period of 6.1375 hr and a 2.46% half-amplitude. The folded light curve has an unusual shape that is difficult to explain in terms of a binary system containing an unseen companion more luminous than an L0 brown dwarf. Optical spectra of BOKS 53856 show a Teff = 34,000 K, log g = 8.0 DA white dwarf. There are few, if any, known white dwarfs in this temperature range exhibiting photometric variations similar to those we describe. A magnetic spin-modulated white dwarf model can in principle explain the light curve, an interpretation supported by spectral observations of the Hα line showing evidence of Zeeman splitting.


Error control coding is essential for semiconductor memory systems used in the space radiation environment because memory chips in this environment often suffer from single event upsets (SEUs). This paper presents the development of encoders and decoders of error control codes suitable for the space radiation environment. To select suitable error control codes, we analyze error patterns and error counts in in-flight data of a solid state recorder installed in the Mission Demonstration test Satellite-1 (MDS-1). Based on this analysis, six classes of linear error control codes are selected, and encoders and decoders of these codes are designed and implemented using an FPGA. To reduce the decoding delay, the decoders are designed based on a parallel decoding method. Evaluation of the implemented FPGA shows that the decoders have 45K to 300K gates with decoding delay of about 20 ns.


The ITER ECRH&CD system is composed by 24 gyrotrons at 170 GHz that will deliver 20 MW at the plasma. Up to 6.7 MW will be injected in the empty vacuum vessel at the beginning of each plasma discharge to provide the gas breakdown. In that phase and when the plasma absorption is non ideal, a certain level of EC non-absorbed power, usually addressed as stray radiation, will be present. The EC stray radiation interaction with ITER first wall and diagnostics has been described in preliminary works. A more refined assessment is here described, following update of the diffuse stray radiation model and update of the launchers optics parameters. The optical design of the EC equatorial launcher has been entirely redesigned to optimize the power deposition and minimize interaction with the launcher structures. The updated parameters for the 24 launched beams are now available and have been used to estimate the interaction of the beams to be used for the breakdown phase with the tokamak structures. The preliminary stray radiation model described every opening of the tokamak as a "black" hole, that is a perfect power sink. Refining this crude description, using for the openings a "grey" hole model, provide a better agreement with benchmarks from other alternative models. Examples of stray radiation estimates performed for various ITER structures, systems and diagnostics are discussed.


News ticker recognition is a vital area of research due to its applications such as information analysis, opinion mining and language translation for media regulatory authorities. Without automated systems, manual anatomizing is difficult. In this paper, we focus on the automatic Arabic and Urdu news ticker recognition system. It mainly consists of ticker segmentation and text recognition to generate textual data for various online services. Our work investigates character-wise explicit segmentation and syntactical models with Kufi and Nastaleeq fonts. Various network models anticipate learning of deep representations by homogenizing the classes regardless of inter-symbol correlations and linguistic taxonomy. The proposed learning model incorporates fairness by maximizing the balance among sensitive features of characters in a unified manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model by carrying out experiments using customized news tickers datasets with accurate character-level and component-level labeling. Moreover, our method is evaluated on a challenging Urdu Printed Text Images (UPTI) dataset that only provides ligature based annotations. The proposed method attains 98.36%, outperforms the current state of the art method. Ablation investigations show that our technique enhances the performance of character classes with low symbol frequencies.


A novel approach of secure data collection for wireless sensor networks with compromised nodes was pro-posed.Secret sharing and multipath routing to solve the problem of secure data collection in wireless sensor network was explored.A novel tracing-feedback mechanism was used,which made full use of the routing functionality of wireless sensor networks,to improve the quality of data collection.The algorithms of the approach are easy to be implemented and performed in resource-constrained wireless sensor networks.The performance of the approach with simulation experi-ments was evaluated.Compared with existing similar methods,the approach provides higher security with less complexity.


Land-use classification from multiple data sources is an important problem in remote sensing. Data fusion algorithms like Semi-Supervised Manifold Alignment (SSMA) and Manifold Alignment with Schroedinger Eigenmaps (SEMA) use spectral and/or spatial features from multispectral, multimodal imagery to project each data source into a common latent space in which classification can be performed. However, in order for these algorithms to be well-posed, they require an expert user to either directly identify pairwise dissimilarities in the data or to identify class labels for a subset of points from which pairwise dissimilarities can be derived. In this paper, we propose a related data fusion technique, which we refer to as Semi-Supervised Normalized Embeddings (SSNE). SSNE is defined by modifying the SSMA/SEMA objective functions to incorporate an extra normalization term that enables a latent space to be well-defined even when no pairwise-dissimilarities are provided. Using publicly available data from the 2017 IEEE GRSS Data Fusion Contest, we show that SSNE enables similar land-use classification performance to SSMA/SEMA in scenarios where pairwise dissimilarities are available, but that unlike SSMA/SEMA, it also enables land-use classification in other scenarios. We compare the effect of applying different classification algorithms including a support vector machine (SVM), a linear discriminant analysis classifier (LDA), and a random forest classifier (RF); we show that SSMA/SEMA and SSNE robust to the use of different classifiers. In addition to comparing the classification performance of SSNE to SSMA/SEMA and comparing classification algorithm, we utilize manifold alignment to classify unknown views.


OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of background noise on transient evoked otoacoustic emission(TEOAE)in neonate.METHODS The subjects were 244 ears of 122 newborns(62 females,60 males).The age of subjects ranged from 2 to 4 days(mean±SD:2.66±0.69 days). TEOAE were measured with Quick TEOAE mode with ILO 96 and at least 100 sweeps.Based on the background noise,the subjects were divided into quit group and noise group.The difference of TEOAE level between the two groups was compared.RESULTS The background noise of TEOAE in neonate were(33.94±3.18)dB SPL.The background noise was highest at the frequency of 1.0 kHz and lower than that,and it decreased with the increasing frequency.No sex difference and ear asymmetry were found in noise-floor in neonates.No correlations were found between the TEOAE level and the background noise.However,the SNR in quit group at frequency band center of 1.0 kHz were(5.47±6.91)dB SPL,(12.55±6.79)dB SPL at 1.5 kHz and(16.14± 6.34)dB SPL at 2.0 kHz,which were higher than SNR at corresponding frequency band in noise group(1.49 ±5.10)dB SPL、(7.65±6.35)dB SPL and(13.61 ±5.49)dB SPL]significantly(P0.05,respectively). SNR in quit group was 1.83 dB SPL higher than that of noise group at frequency band centered of 3.0 kHz(P0.05), and 2.36 dB SPL higher at frequency band centered of 4.0 kHz(P0.05).CONCLUSION The background noise doesn't affect the entire TEOAE level,however the background noise can decrease the SNR,especialy at the freqency band equal or lower than 2000 Hz.


This paper investigates the resonance phenomenon produced by a voltage source PWM variable frequency drive (VFD) on an ungrounded delta system. Many drives are installed on ungrounded delta systems without isolation transformers or other means to provide inverter ground reference. A drive output ground fault will not be detected by either the VFD or conventional power system ground fault protective relaying. Without a ground reference, the drive continues to operate with the motor phase grounded. This condition modulates the power system neutral and excites a system resonance when the system loading and damping are optimal. Since this ground condition can go undetected for long periods of time, there is a high probability the system will experience optimal resonance conditions. This condition excites a triplen harmonic above the 30th and produces amplitudes of 2.6 times voltage. The resonance bursts were recorded for as long as 200 milliseconds and a secondary resonance was recorded for longer periods. The secondary resonance is almost as destructive but lower in amplitude. These resonances will fail many types of electrical equipment. The problem may go undetected or unresolved for a long time. This paper presents the excitation mechanism, resulting resonance and ways to avoid the problem.


We present new observations of the center-to-limb variation of spectral lines in the quiet Sun. Our long-slit spectra are corrected for scattered light, which amounts to 4-8% of the continuum intensity, by comparison with a Fourier transform spectrum of the disk center. Different spectral lines exhibit different behaviors, depending on their sensitivity to the physical conditions in the photosphere and the range of depths they probe as a function of the observing angle, providing a rich database to test models of the solar photosphere and line formation. We examine the effect of inelastic collisions with neutral hydrogen in NLTE line formation calculations of the oxygen infrared triplet, and the Na I $\lambda6160.8$ line. Adopting a classical one-dimensional theoretical model atmosphere, we find that the sodium transition, formed in higher layers, is more effectively thermalized by hydrogen collisions than the high-excitation oxygen lines. This result appears as a simple consequence of the decrease of the ratio $N_{\rm H}/N_{\rm e}$ with depth in the solar photosphere. The center-to-limb variation of the selected lines is studied both under LTE and NLTE conditions. In the NLTE analysis, inelastic collisions with hydrogen atoms are considered with a simple approximation or neglected, in an attempt to test the validity of such approximation. For the sodium line studied, the best agreement between theory and observation happens when NLTE is considered and inelastic collisions with hydrogen are neglected in the rate equations. The analysis of the oxygen triplet benefits from a very detailed calculation using an LTE three-dimensional model atmosphere and NLTE line formation. The $\chi^2$ statistics favors including hydrogen collisions with the approximation adopted, but the oxygen abundance derived in that case is significantly higher than the value derived from OH infrared transitions.


Helical milling is capable of fabricating a lot of holes with only one cutting tool under one clamping. As the holes machining efficiency is determined by the holes machining time and the airtime, and when the cutting conditions of helical milling operation is determined, holes machining path optimization will have a great effect on holes machining efficiency. Based on the TSP model, an improved hybrid genetic algorithm is proposed to solve holes machining path optimization model to get the optimized processing path. By comparing the path length of the optimized machining path and the simulation time with that obtained using the basic GA and the basic ACO, the optimization algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the machining path length and thus improve the efficiency of holes machining operation.


Caprella manneringi n. sp. is described from specimens found clinging to a starfish (Calvasterias suteri) taken from a rock pool on Antipodes Island. It is the eighth caprellid species reported as having an association with Asteroidea.


The mean free path of neutrino in charged and neutral current reactions is calculated for inhomogeneous nuclear matter which is expected to appear in the crust of neutron stars. The relevant cross section depends on Fermi and Gamow-Teller strength distributions, which are derived from the large-scale shell model calculations within the self-consistent Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach and in a relativistic mean-field model. The inhomogeneous nuclear matter is described in terms of cubic Wigner-Seitz cells, which allows for a microscopic description of the structures in the so-called pasta phase of nuclear configurations and provides a smooth transition to the limit of homogeneous matter. The influence of pasta phase, its microscopical structure and geometrical shapes on neutrino propagation is considered.