The invention discloses a structure for improving the performance of a passive device of a power integrated circuit. A metal plate is arranged in a chip of the power integrated circuit. The passive device is separated from an active device, the passive device is piled on a substrate and an area of the integrated circuit is reduced. One layer serving as the passive device is free from complex wiring, therefore, the thickness of a metal can be increased and the loss of the device can be reduced. A large metal plate can separate an electric field, and the passive and active devices do not affect each other. No electromagnetic field enters the substrate which is usually damaged, therefore, the energy loss can be reduced, and the performance of the passive device can be improved. The thickness of the chip is increased by pile-up on a power chip, so that the thickness of a silicon wafer can be reduced, and the silicon wafer is not bended, a radiating capacity of the chip is greatly improved. A source end is directly connected with the large metal plate, and the substrate is not used as a conductive layer, so that doping concentration of the substrate is reduced, and performances of the passive and active devices are improved.


Method and apparatus for detecting the alignment of documents with bar code decoding. The method includes (1) capturing an image of the document with an imaging assembly having a solid-state imager; (2) detecting the presence of a barcode in the captured image of the document; (3) decoding the bar code; (4) determining an upright direction of the document depending on an orientation of the bar code in the document; and (5) adjusting an orientation of the document in the captured image on the basis of the upright direction of the document. In one embodiment, the bar code is configured with alignment data indicative of the upright direction of the document.


The diterpenoids isolated from Rabdosia have two different basic skeletons;namely
ent-kaurene and B-seco-kaurene types.Their ~1H NMR parameters are very characteristic,
especially when the oxygen-containing groups help to spread the signals with certain
regularity.
This paper summrizes ~1H NMR parameters of twenty-three diterpenoids of this
kind including ten new compounds and discusses the regularities of the main proton
signals.The peak patterns are shown to be related to the conformations of B,C rings
and the configurations of the substituents as seen from Dreiding model.These findings
are useful in the identification of unknown compounds belonging to these structural
types.


PurposeElectric street car (ESC) is a globally popular clean and safe electric transport system for urban agglomeration. India envisions achieving "all-electric transport" by 2030, yet ESC as a modal transport alternative is not distinct in the policy discussion. The emerging market for electric transportation in urban spaces requires a detailed demand study at the service user level to remove behavioural barriers and design integrated energy planning in developing economies. This paper explores the probabilistic uptake intentions of the daily public transport commuters for ESCs over e-buses from the only Indian city with operational ESCs, Kolkata.Design/methodology/approachUsing a random utility model on primary survey data from daily commuters, the authors identify demographic, psychometric and socio-economic factors influencing probabilistic uptake of ESC over e-buses.FindingsIt estimates that 38% of the commuters demand ESC over e-buses, given the alternatives' comparative details. Factors like frequent availability and technological upgradation would increase the uptake of ESCs.Social implicationsThe study highlights that even though there are infrastructural challenges in the implementation of ESC, so does any other electric transport system; it is worth considering as a decarbonising transport alternative, given the high up-take intension of the users.Originality/valueThis is the first attempt to study the demand for ESC in developing economies, identifying the factors which may be considered in the sustainable urban transportation policy perspective.


We present a new imaging technique using surface-plasmon mediated fluorescence microscopy. It uses a similar configuration as standard prismless Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy with an additional metallic thin film. In the case of a silver thin film we show that this technique offers many advantages: distance dependence emission filter for improved signal to noise ratio and enhanced molecular detection efficiency. This technique is of particular interest in membrane and adhesion imaging. We present real time images on live cells.


City regions and metropolitan areas form the scale on which the battle for will be won or lost, and the level at which cities can become resilient and even self-sufficient. A master plan for a sustainable energy system for city regions is not a luxury anymore. An energy master plan will be based on incremental steps of transition. The approach needs to start with the charting of energy sources, sinks and unused potentials of a studied area. Herein the method of Energy Potential Mapping can play an essential role. The next step deals with the identification of demand reduction possibilities in the existing built environment – new construction can already be zero energy. Differences in simultaneous discrepancies between supply and demand can be bridged by synergetic systems, heat exchange, cascading and intermediate storage of energy. Finally the remaining demand needs to be solved with renewable energy, inside the city as well as in its environs, which become ever more indispensable to the modern metropolis. In the energy master plan EPM deals with the identification of supply and demand, supports the finding - in place and time - of energy potentials from sun to magma, helps the discovery of simultaneous mismatches, surpluses and shortages, and helps determine the effect on the urban climate. Mapping is done in 3D, soon to be 4D, including the time factor (diurnal differences, seasonal differences, long-term developments). Since 2005 Energy Potential Mapping has been developed at TU Delft. It has gained international scientific standing. The advanced 3D method has been used for sustainable energy plans and currently forms the basis for making Dutch regions energy-neutral, in cooperation with local stakeholders. The full paper will describe the Energy Master Plan approach and Energy Potential Mapping method, illustrated by cases executed so far.


This research was conducted to know and understand the influence of active learning model Group to Group Exchange onthe results of the study of advanced Accounting in Economics education program of HKBP Nommensen PematangsiantarUniversity. The method that the experiment uses. The population is a student of the economics education in semester 3 andtwo classes selected to be a research sample (class A and Class C), where one class is an experimental class while theother is a class of control. The research variables consist of free variables i.e. learning models and bound variables i.e. theresults of advanced accounting study students. Data collection tools in the form of observations, tests, and documentation.The data used in this study are pre-test and post-test class of experimental and class control student in 3rd semester ofEconomics Education course at HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar University. The test results of the test result of 35students were obtained that: all the questions are valid, the results of the study of the religious students, test questions havea level of difficulty is easy, moderate and difficult, and for the different power there are in the category so well, well, enoughand bad, hypothesis testing results with test Paired Sample T Test shows the value of Sig. (2-tailed) = 0,000, where if theprobability (Asymp. Sig) is < 0.05 then Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted, meaning there is a significant difference betweenthe student learning outcomes taught by the lecturer with using a learning model Group to Group Exchange compared withthe results of student learning if using the lecture learning model in the course of advanced accounting students semesterthree courses of study economics education HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar or can be concluded that there is apositive influence model active learning Group to Group Exchange against the results of the study of advanced accounting ofsemester three students at the Economics education program HKBP.


We present the results from a series of multi-epoch 22 GHz H20 maser surveys with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope and the VLA towards low-mass young stellar objects, including all the class 0 sources in the northern sky. Our Nobeyama 45 m survey is the deepest survey down to an isotopic H20 luminosity of I"'.J 10-13L8 performed so far. From this survey, we obtained the following results. (1) Class 0 sources show high H20 maser activity: our derived detection rates are I"'.J 38% for class 0, but only I"'.J 4% for class I sources. (2) Activity of the H20 masers is more likely related to 100 AU scale ionized jets than to large scale molecular outflows.


We demonstrate the utilization of iron oxide (Fe2O3) as light-absorbing material in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) for the generation of Q-switched pulses. A sandwich-type saturable absorber (SA) with Fe2O3 nanoparticles between fiber ferrules is proposed. A fiber ferrule tip is tapped onto a cap of index-matching gel, which is then dipped into Fe2O3 nanoparticle powder to allow its deposition through the adhesion effect. By incorporating Fe2O3–SA in an EDFL, self-started and stable Q-switched pulses are attained at a threshold power of 50.1 mW. The pulse repetition rate is tunable from 9.92 kHz to 22.47 kHz, whereas the pulse duration reduces from 38.4 µs to 13.8 µs with the pump power increment. The maximum pulse energy achieved is 36.9 nJ. This work offers a simple integration method of Fe2O3 nanoparticles as potential SAs for the generation of Q-switched pulses.


While exclusive distribution agreements are not regulated within the law, they are significant instruments of the commercial life and take place at practice of competition law within its feature of exclusive right to sell. Therefore, exclusive distribution agreements are considered as vertical agreements in terms of competition law and are subject to various limitations.


Material objects call to us and structure our being. They are not passive, while we are active—rather, they embroil us in their lives as much as we engage them. Hence, sociality is not solely a human function but necessarily involves environments and artefacts. The notion of material poetics is, in this sense, a mutually shaping matrix that affects social life and thought. This philosophy is explored through an encounter with a Malay house. The house is in many ways liminal—a place in which thought and image dwells. It is traditional, yet unique; it holds and expresses history, yet that history is elsewhere and legendary; is Malay but with Chinese decorations, which articulate hybridity; is specifically local, yet involved in national and international flows. It embraces both oscillation and direction. The house is made of wood. This paper takes up this element, showing how the wood not only shelters, but also leads us to venture out to a garden of trees and a dream of jungles where encounters with things, stories and myths subvert our normal categories and expectations. The house leads us places and clears things for us, leading us into a new social field.


Physical mechanisms of time-averaged structuring of adatoms induced by a standing surface acoustic wave (SAW) on a solid substrate are studied. Despite some similarity with conventional mechanisms based on averaging of fast oscillation-type motion or radiation-pressure effects, we demonstrate that, for diffusional (i.e., strongly damped) adatom motion, the origin of time-averaged structuring is essentially different. The proposed analytical model and kinetic Monte–Carlo (kMC) simulations reveal several distinct structuring regimes and directly relate them to the transient modification of diffusion barriers and adiabatic temperature variations induced by SAW strains.


Inconel 718 has been widely used in aerospace because of its excellent mechanical properties such as good corrosion resistance, strong creep resistance and high fatigue strength. However, these excellent properties also lead to heavy tool damage and high cutting force in the milling process. There is no reported investigation on ultrasonic assisted machining (UAM) of Inconel 718 parts. In this paper, UAM is proposed as the potential technique to reduce tool damage and the cutting force of Inconel 718 parts. This review paper provides an overview of UAM to investigate the relationship between the tool wear and the cutting force with ultrasonic vibration compared to without ultrasonic vibration assisted. Throughout the study, the UAM scopes are related to the tool life of coated carbide insert, the force generated during the cutting process and also the final surface finish of the workpiece by using various parameters during the machining activity.


The enzymatic (DTNB) method was applied to determine L?carnitine content of microorganism cells.The optimal conditions were established.Results indicated that the method was accurate,reliable and convenient.


Community-based tourism (CBT) has been promulgated as a "new" form of tourism that is defined as the opposite to mass tourism. It is also considered as an in...


The aim of this study is to reflect about communication aspects that make easy e that ones difficult the construction of the marketing of area professional. It was based on current readings about the subject in the marketing area and relationship in the health area and it starts from the fact that there is not the possibility that we can find people that think and act in the same way in the organizations; therefore the importance of the adequate communication that is the one that decrease the conflicts, to reduce the misunderstandings, it has a defined objective, give information, to offer adequate feedback and to captivate information. The marketing essence is to know accomplish the promises done to the clients and to find what really they want, so we must be alert to our coherence in the verbal and non-verbal communication and to know listen to, it is fundamental for a good individual performance and in order that the organizations reach their goals.


controlled clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019;200: 1363–1372. 12. Goligher EC, Kavanagh BP, Rubenfeld GD, Adhikari NK, Pinto R, Fan E, et al. Oxygenation response to positive end-expiratory pressure predicts mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a secondary analysis of the LOVS and ExPress trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;190:70–76. 13. Jonson B, Richard JC, Straus C, Mancebo J, Lemaire F, Brochard L. Pressure-volume curves and compliance in acute lung injury: evidence of recruitment above the lower inflection point. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:1172–1178. 14. Yoshida T, Piraino T, Lima CAS, Kavanagh BP, Amato MBP, Brochard L. Regional ventilation displayed by electrical impedance tomography as an incentive to decrease positive end-expiratory pressure [letter]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019;200:933–937. 15. Katira BH, Engelberts D, Otulakowski G, Giesinger RE, Yoshida T, Post M, et al. Abrupt deflation after sustained inflation causes lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018;198:1165–1176. 16. Chen L, Chen GQ, Shore K, Shklar O, Martins C, Devenyi B, et al. Implementing a bedside assessment of respiratory mechanics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 2017;21: 84. 17. Chen L, Del Sorbo L, Grieco DL, Shklar O, Junhasavasdikul D, Telias I, et al. Airway closure in acute respiratory distress syndrome: an underestimated and misinterpreted phenomenon. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018;197:132–136. 18. Mojoli F, Bouhemad B, Mongodi S, Lichtenstein D. Lung ultrasound for critically Ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019;199: 701–714. 19. Franchineau G, Bréchot N, Lebreton G, Hekimian G, Nieszkowska A, Trouillet JL, et al. Bedside contribution of electrical impedance tomography to setting positive end-expiratory pressure for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-treated patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017;196:447–457.


From the Publisher:
The only book on the market that deals with ADSL technologies at this level, Digital Subscriber Lines: Toward, Above, and Beyond ADSL is ideal for computing professionals who are looking for new high-speed communications technology, who must understand the dynamics of ADSL communications in order to create compliant applications, or who simply want to better understand this new wave of technology.
Includes calculation examples for all signal environments
Covers ADSL and a multitude of other xDSL technologies
Compares and contrasts ADSL to current MODEM-based technologies


Synchrotron radiation X‐ray and neutron scattering techniques are very useful tools for the non‐destructive analysis of the structure of biopolymer materials such as wood and silk, making the in situ investigation of structural changes upon mechanical stress possible. The low‐divergence synchrotron radiation X‐rays can be focused down to sub‐micrometer size, enabling scanning studies of the wood nanostructure with (sub‐)microscopic position resolution. This article highlights very recent advances in the understanding of silk and wood micro‐ and nanostructure, which were only possible using synchrotron radiation and neutrons. Examples include the local breakdown of cellulose fibre texture in wood cell walls, the deformation mechanism of a single wood cell, the viscoelastic properties of silk and insight into molecular mechanisms in silk upon mechanical deformation.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether dobutamine stress tests (DST) can be used to detect cardiac dysfunction in dogs with early left ventricular dysfunction (ELVD) induced by rapid right ventricular pacing (RRVP).

ANIMALS
7 adult male Beagles.

PROCEDURE
A pacemaker was surgically implanted in each dog at the level of the right ventricular apex. Electrocardiography, Doppler sphygmomanometry, and Doppler echocardiography were performed before and during a DST prior to activation of the pacemaker and every 3 to 4 days during the period of RRVP. Dobutamine stress tests were performed by infusing dobutamine at incremental dosages ranging from 12.5 to 42.5 microg/kg of body weight/min.

RESULTS
Clinical signs of congestive heart failure were not observed during the pacing period. However, all dogs developed ELVD associated with significant changes in values for most Doppler echocardiographic variables obtained prior to DST Adverse cardiac effects were not detected during DST. Most Doppler echocardiographic indices of cardiac function were significantly altered in response to dobutamine infusion during the pacing period, compared with prepacing values. However, a dobutamine-induced 2-fold increase in cardiac output was maintained.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Dobutamine stress tests can be safely performed in dogs with experimentally induced ELVD. Dobutamine stress tests may be a sensitive, noninvasive diagnostic method, complementary to standard clinical examinations, for detection of early cardiac dysfunction in dogs asymptomatic for dilated cardiomyopathy.


Nowadays, digital manufacturing has been known to be very effective method in manufacturing fields. It is aimed to estimate process time, to improve operation efficiency, and to prevent bottleneck processes in advance of real manufacturing. This paper addresses a scheduling support system for panel hues in a shipyard through digital manufacturing simulation. The proposed system supports operators to make better decisions on the shop-floor scheduling in panel lines. It ,would provide a complete schedule that is at least as good as any schedule currently obtained. Furthermore, it can evaluate the operator`s schedule by simulating it with 3-dimensional models before the work orders and schedules are released.


Extraction efficiency, beam quality, misalignment sensitivity and thermal lensing of stable and unstable resonators were investigated, both experimentally and theoretically. The theoretical description was based on a model combining diffraction theory with the amplification of the electric field inside the active medium. Saturation effects on mode vo-lume and losses are discussed. Experiments were performed with a pulsed Nd:YAG system. A detailed comparison of the two kind of resonators, indicates several advantages of the unstable one, such as low misalignment sensitivity and high far-field brightness. Furthermore, several methods of improving the beam quality of unstable resonators were investigated.


This analysis produced a tourism system research categorization framework comprising mutually exclusive subject areas to classify the keywords in academic journal articles. The primary research goals were to develop this framework and then assess the frequency levels of specific tourism research subject areas in the 10-year period of 2002–2011. A database of 37,918 author-selected keywords from 9,588 research articles in 31 tourism, hospitality, and leisure journals was created. Using the proposed framework, the database was divided into six main categories (destination; demand; travel; marketing; geographical areas; and generic terms) and 61 sub-categories. The destination category captured the most keywords, followed by demand and then marketing.


EDMAC is a set of p l a i n ?'EX macros providing the ability to format critical editions of texts in the traditional way, i.e., similar to the Oxford Classical Texts, Teubner, Arden Shakespeare and other series. The principal functions that are added are marginal line numbering and multiple series of footnotes and endnotes keyed to line numbers. While EDMAC's inner workings are necessarily esoteric, it seeks to provide relatively simple macros to enable you to control the exact format of the edition, taking into account the need to vary the format for different sorts of texts.


Motivation can be defined as the psychological state that leads an individual to behave in a certain manner, which drives one to behave like that or makes one enthusiastic about performing a task. Unmotivated students would not expend the necessary effort to learn, while motivated student will. Malaysian students are generally said to be more extrinsically motivated rather than intrinsically motivated. This study is aimed to determine the level of extrinsic motivation of school students. The six extrinsic variables are competition dimension, affiliation dimension, social power dimension, praise dimension token-reward dimension, and marks dimension. This study involves 100 students from mixture of different age, class and gender. The sets of questionnaire distributed intended to identify whether these six variables influence the students' motivation in learning and which of extrinsic motivators is the most significant one for the students. The results showed that all the variables averagely influence the students' motivation and the variable that influences them the most is the mark dimension.


This paper presents the use of neural networks and a genetic algorithm in time-optimal control of a closed-loop 3-dof robotic system. Extended Kohonen networks which contain an additional lattice of output neurons are used in conjunction with PID controllers in position control to minimise command tracking errors. The results indicate that the extended Kohonen network controller is more efficient than the trajectory preshaping scheme reported in early literature. Subsequently, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is used to solve an optimisation problem related to time-optimal control. This problem involves the selection of actuator torque limits and an end-effector path subject to time-optimality and tracking error constraints. Two chromosome coding schemes are explored in the investigation: Gray and integer-based coding schemes. The results suggest that the integer-based chromosome is more suitable at representing the decision variables. As a result of using both neural networks and a genetic algorithm in this application, an idea of a hybridisation between a neural network and a genetic algorithm at the task level for use in a control system is also effectively demonstrated.


Industrial cluster is very important to improve the competitive advantage of regional entity.As of a part of the business ecosystem,industrial cluster grows and develops as other life-forms.A right legal environment can be a good accelerator for industrial clusters.


Life cycle assessment (LCA) is recognized as a useful analytical approach for quantifying environmental impacts of renewable energy technologies, including concentrating solar power (CSP). An LCA accounts for impacts from all stages in the development, operation, and decommissioning of a CSP plant, including such upstream stages as the extraction of raw materials used in system components, manufacturing of those components, and construction of the plant. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is conducting a series of LCA studies for various CSP technologies. This paper contributes to a thorough LCA of a 100 MWnet molten salt power tower CSP plant by estimating the environmental impacts resulting from the manufacture of heliostats. Three life cycle metrics are evaluated: greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, and cumulative energy demand. The heliostat under consideration (the 148 m2 Advanced Thermal Systems heliostat) emits 5,300 kg CO2eq, consumes 274 m3 of water, and requires 159,000 MJeq during its manufacture. Future work will incorporate the results from this study into the LCA model used to estimate the life cycle impacts of the entire 100 MWnet power tower CSP plant.


We prove Kolmogorov's law of the iterated logarithm for noncommutative martingales. The commutative case was due to Stout. The key ingredient is an exponential inequality proved recently by Junge and the author.


RANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (TEE)is a minimally invasive monitoring modality. The initialuse of TEE was limited to the acquisition of images in patientswith suboptimal echo windows during transthoracic echocar-diography. Its role has exponentially expanded to become al-most a standard of care during cardiac surgery and a valuableprocedural adjunct.


The paper has introduced the ways and steps of application Excel for dealing with wire measuring.It also tells us how to use excel to solve the problems such as lofting,calculating and checking.


STRESS RELAXATION OF WOOL BY SODIUM BISULFITE IN AQUEOUS ALCOHOLS By Yoshio Nemoto*, Yoshikazu Terada* and SumikoTerada** *(Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute , Rokuban-cho, Astuta-ku, Nagoya, Japan) **(Anjyo Gakuen College, Okazaki-City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan) The stress relaxation of wool in aqueous alcohols was measured at 22 ± 1°C. The experiments were carried out as follows. After immersed in water for 24 hrs., a wool fiber stretched to 20 based on initial length at the rate of 20 mm/min and then relaxed for 30 min. Then water was exchanged by aqueous alcohol and the relaxation was continued for 180 min. It was found that the rate and total value of relaxation increased with the chain length of alkyl group in alcohol and that the maximum relaxation occured in 45-60% alcohol solutions. These results were explained in terms of hydrophobic interaction of wool molecules. The same experiments were carried out with 0.01, 0. 1, 0. 5 mole sodium bisulfite in aqueous alcohol. In the case of 0.01 mole sodium bisulfite, the effect of alcohol on the stress relaxation was small, especially in the lower alcohol concentrations. Although the effect of chain length of alkyl gronp in alcohol on this chemical relaxation in higher concentration of sodiumb isulfite was similar to that in aqueous alcohol, the rate and total value of relaxation increased with the alcohol concentration. (Received October 12, 1970)


Compositions useful for coagulating finely divided solids in turbid waters are prepared by mixing or blending together inorganic water soluble compounds such as aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride or ferric sulfate and water soluble organic positively charged polymeric coagulants having an average molecular weight of at least 2000 which is polydiallyl dimethylammonium chloride polymer. The compositions are especially useful for treating low turbidity waters, for example, waters having a turbidity of 20 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units).


A fruitful line of research on responsible consumption has recently emerged due to a concern for and interest in environmental issues and the growing resource depletion, providing an opportunity for communications to influence human behavior toward environmental protection. This paper shows the design, implementation, and impact assessment of two social campaigns aimed to inform the public of the effects of an overconsumption of clothing and encourage responsible consumption. We designed a non-experimental, descriptive, qualitative study based on 30 semi-structured interviews with university students in Bogotá, Colombia, from variables such as campaigns' message, behavioral intentions, and relationship with the social and environmental context. The results show the students' unawareness of overconsumption but suggest a positive impact on their intentions to increase responsible apparel consumption. This study contributes to empirical knowledge of better alternatives for effective messages that favor responsible consumption.


Permission for Multiple Places of Residence in German Law. Historical PatternsSummaryThe author uses a specific example, multiple residence under German law, to show the impact of Roman law on many of the modern European legal systems. The observations made by the editors of the German Burgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) and the sources and literature they used show that Roman law was still relevant and universal in the 19th century, the age of the great codifications. Today, too, it is admissible under German law to have more than one residence and the issue is not controversial.


The reactions of ( μ 3 CCO 2Et)Co 3(CO) 9 with [Mo(CO) 3( η 5 C 5H 4R)] - [R=H or C(O)Me] gave rise to the formation of ( μ 3 CCO 2Et)Co 2Mo(CO) 8( η 5 C 5H 4R) (1), C(O)Me(2)]. The further reaction of cluster 1 or 2. The further reaction of cluster 1 or 2 with {(M(CO) 3[ η 5 C 5H 4C(O)]} 2 1,4 C 6H 4 yielded four linked clusters {( μ 3 CCO 2Et)CoMoM(CO) 7( η 5 C 5H 4R)[ η 5 C 5H 4C(O)]} 2 1,4 C 6H 4 [M=Mo, R=H[STHZ](3); M=Mo, R=C(O)Me(4); M=W, R=H(5); M=W, R=C(O)Me(6)]. . All these clusters were characterized by C/H analyses, IR and 1H NMR. The crystal structure of cluster 2 was determined by single crystal X ray diffraction method. The crystal belongs to monoclinic system with space group, C2/c and lattice parameters, a =1.126 4(3) nm, b =1.187 9(3) nm, c =3.356 5(10) nm, β =93.320(5)°, V =4.484(2) nm 3 , Z =8, D c =1.867 g·cm -3 , F(000)=248 0, R=0.036 9, wR = 0.115 0 .


Industrial hazards are an increasing source of risk to people and their environment. The Haldia industrial town represents a semi natural and cultural habitat which can be considered as a manifestation of human interaction with semi-natural environment in the face of industrialization and rapid urbanization. Urban woodland habitat and wasteland habitat are gradually affecting the habitat characters of manmade activities, globalization of production, an increase of industrialization, landuse alternation, etc. This paper reports on biodiversity assessment and comparison between woodland and wasteland habitat in selected habitat based ecological analysis of Haldia industrial town. The study targeted on species variation, composition and richness of woodland and wasteland habitat. Comparison study assess by several statistical techniques depending on that micro zones analysis. The study has been supported entirely primary field survey.


An introduction is given to 135 MW turbine generating units,power supply coal consumption of which,after overhaul,reduces 6.16 g/kW·h,according to energy consumption diagnosis analysis comparing real economic index before and after the overhaul.However it does not reach the designed value.Therefore it points out the causes for high energy consumption,and puts forward proposals for reducing heat rate and power supply coal consumption.


The jubilee article is devoted to the creative and pedagogical activity of Galina Nikolaevna Gontarenko, Rostov composer, Member of the Union of Composers of Russian Federation, Associate Professor of Theory of Music and Composition Department of Rostov Conservatoire. Several composer's works such as «Skomorokhs», «Requiem», «Lamentations», «Provincial plots», «The way I won't say where» are reviewed briefly


Report presenting an investigation of an NACA 65A006 airfoil equipped with high-lift devices, including a 0.15-chord drooped-nose flap and a 0.20-chord plain trailing-edge flap. Airfoil section lift, pitching-moment, and drag characteristics obtained at high Reynolds numbers and low Mach numbers with the flaps deflected individually and simultaneously are presented. At Reynolds numbers up to 9.0 x 10(exp 6), the optimum combination of drooped-nose and plain trailing-edge flaps increased the maximum section lift coefficients from 0.78 to 1.89.


Nowadays, tuberculosis continue to be one of actual problems of health care. The increasing of effectiveness of modern anti-tuberculosis therapy permitted to decrease mortality of patients with tuberculosis of lungs and to focus attention on problem ofprevention of their disablement. The purpose of study is to carry out comparative analysis of questionnaires for evaluating quality of life ofpatients with tuberculosis of lungs in process of successfully implementing of treatment with the view of selecting questionnaire most completely reflecting occurring alterations. The sampling of 42 patients with tuberculosis of lungs was examined at stage of completion of implemented treatment. All patients were applied spirometry. The following questionnaires were applied to analyze quality of life: SF-36, the Saint George hospital questionnaire (SGRQ) and questionnaire of chronic respiratory diseases (CRQ). The study was carried out twice in process of effective treatment with two months interim. The sensitivity of questionnaires was determined by effect size calculated by formula: [(average value at first examination - average value at second examination)/standard deviation at first examination]. In the process of treatment all patients with tuberculosis of lungs attained significant amelioration of quality of life that was demonstrated in questionnaire of SF-36 by all components besides one that decreased its effectiveness. The size of alterations of quality of life according general value of CRQ was low and amounted to 0.27. The Saint George hospital questionnaire (SGRQ) had maximal sensitivity to positive alterations resulting of applied treatment (effect size 0.39-0.49 for components and 0.47 for total value). Therefore, it was recommended as a tool of evaluation of quality of life in patients with tuberculosis in processes of implementing treatment.


Liver fibrosis determines the course and prognosis of alcoholic liver disease. Evaluation of serum concentration of procollagen-III peptides (sPIIIP) is considered a biochemical test useful for evaluating a fibrotic process. We have investigated 30 healthy subjects and 53 patients with alcoholic liver disease, histologically diagnosed by percutaneous liver biopsy in four clusters: steatosis (11), fibrosteatosis (11), chronic active hepatitis (11) and cirrhosis (20). SPIIIP levels were increased in patients with cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis; while they were regular in patients with steatosis and fibrosteatosis. Evaluation of serum concentration of sPIIIP by radioimmunoassay seems to be an useful test for identifying patients with alcoholic liver disease with a good prognosis and patients in progress to cirrhosis and it is an useful test for control the course and evolution of chronic liver disease.


Abstract Three-phase partitioning (TPP) was used to purify plant-esterase from wheat flour. Effect of various process parameters has been evaluated and plant-esterase was purified to 11.35-fold by optimized single step TPP system (50%, (w/v) (NH4)2SO4 saturation, 1:1 (v/v) ratio of crude extract: t-butanol at pH 4).The enzyme was found to be exclusively partitioned in the aqueous phase. Using TPP system, plant-esterase quickly purified to homogeneity with very high purity and activity. On the basis of single factor research, purification process was optimized by using response surface method, established a new type of high efficient purification plant-esterase method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for purification and characterization of plant-esterase by using three phase partitioning (TPP). The results indicated that, TPP is a simple, quick, economical and very attractive process for purification of plant-esterase compared to conventional chromatographic protocols.


At sunrise on 14 July 1586, the only three Jesuits then in England, William Weston, Henry Garnet and Robert Southwell, rode westwards out of London. They were making for Harleyford, a mansion on the north bank of the Thames, two miles upstream from Marlow and backed by the beechwoods of the Chilterns. There they lay hidden for a week, 'discussing', as Weston cautiously wrote, 'our future methods of work and the prospects that lay before us'. The owner of Harleyford, Robert Bold, was a keen musician, and in the mornings Mass was sung with a mixed choir, organ and other instruments, conducted by no less a master than William Byrd. Perhaps one or more of Byrd's own settings, especially the bare and haunting Mass for Three Voices, was first performed during this octave. Nearly the whole of the morning, says Weston, was taken up by Mass, preaching and confessions.


This study is very much a personal view of Roman Britain and the transition to Anglo-Saxon England, though it follows the current fashion for minimising the scale of Anglo-Saxon migration and settlement. Higham argues against the Germanist tradition in the older literature, which assumed mass migration of Anglo-Saxons sweeping away the native population from southern and eastern Britain. Yet it is accepted now that the landscape which used to be associated with the Anglo-Saxons of open fields and nucleated villages was a creation of the Late Saxon period. The Roman landscape was a managed one with limited areas of woodland and pollen evidence implies no major alteration in the immediate post-Roman centuries. No one would seriously advocate now that the native British did not outnumber the AngloSaxon settlers. Nevertheless archaeologists have failed to identify British settlements or burial places in eastern and southern Britain following the disappearance of the key Roman artefacts of coins and pottery. Equally the case for relegating the Anglo-Saxon takeover to a small military elite and minimising the numbers of immigrants is hardly new. Putting figures on the scale of migration is close to impossible and it is only towards the end of this book that Higham estimates the Saxon cemetery population as perhaps as small as 200,000 to 300,000 individuals per generation (181). In the forseeable future it is possible that DNA analysis from skeletal material will be developed as a routine tool to analyse cemetery populations. We could then sort out what proportion of these cemeteries represented immigrants rather than acculturated natives, but at the moment it is anyone's guess. In the meantime, there is a danger of overestimating the size of the fifth-century British population, underestimating the scale of Anglo-Saxon migration and assigning too high a status to the Saxon settlers. In the reviewer's opinion, the majority of excavated early Anglo-Saxon settlements and cemeteries suggest small hamlet-sized communities of free farmers. They may have owned slaves, but they do not look like an aristocratic elite living off the food rents of British peasants. Their settlements on both sides of the North Sea are based on definable farm units, each presumably occupied by a single family. They abandoned combined byre and farmhouse buildings with winter accommodation for livestock, making the collection of dung for field-manuring much easier. Greater reliance on sheep at the expense of cattle and a milder maritime climate made byres unnecessary over here, but Anglo-Saxon halls are not so much smaller than the human accommodation element of a byre-house. The vast majority of excavated early Anglo-Saxon cemeteries also seem to belong to farming communities rather than a warrior 61ite. It is rare to find a convincing aristocratic burial ground to put alongside the Frankish and Alamannic BaselBernerring and Niederstotzingen cemeteries. Finglesham in its sixth-century phase and Sutton Hoo for the seventh century fulfill these criteria while Yeavering and Cowdery's Down provide settlements with large halls which represent royal and aristocratic estate centres from the late sixth century onwards. H. argues that the Romanization of lowland Britain left it with a downtrodden peasantry, dependent on a villa-estate-owning civilian aristocracy, which proved incapable of adapting when the Roman administration and army abandoned the British provinces. By contrast, a chieftain-based society in the highland zones successfully developed into a war-like tribal society capable of holding its own against Irish Scots, Picts, and Saxons. In hiring Saxons to fight for them the lowland leaders brought about their own doom. H. accepts on p. 169 Bfihme's 1986 thesis that inhumations with weapons and fifth-century belt-sets in south-east Britain represent troops recruited from northern Gaul or the Rhine frontier. If he had looked more carefully at Bohme's distribution maps he would have observed that the same belt-sets occur in the Saxon Weser-Elbe homeland. There is no discrepancy between this archaeological evidence and the Gildas statement that the British tyrant settled Saxons in the eastern part of the island. The earliest AngloSaxon cremations of eastern England might even represent the reinforcements mentioned by Gildas. H.'s muddling of two distinct settlement complexes at Cassington (Oxon.) and Sutton Courtenay (formerly Berks.) as early as p. 6 and his suggestion on p. 126 that Mucking and Heslerton represent nucleated settlements do little to inspire confidence in his interpretation of early Anglo-Saxon archaeology. Too often H. cites only one side of a continuing debate, e.g. the origin of Quoit Brooch Style metalwork, and it is unfortunate that the quoit brooch illustrated on fig. 4.1 is from Howletts and not Sarre as stated. To conclude, while this book provides a lively discussion of some of the issues which need to be debated for the transition from Roman to post-Roman Britain, it is certainly not an authoritative study.


OBJECTIVE
To study the components in the root of Pedicula dicora.

METHODS
Column chromatography with silica gel and polyamide was employed for the isolation and purification of ingredients. The structures were elucidated by spectral method.

RESULT
Three iridoid glycosides were obtained and elucidated as mussaenoside, shanzhiside methyl ester and lamalbid.

CONCLUSION
All the three compounds were separated from P. dicora for the first time.


Abstract The adsorption of Cr6+, Mn2+ and Pt2+ ions on the (8,0) single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) has been investigated separately by using density functional theory calculations. Through computing the final adsorption distance, adsorption energy, and charge transfer amount, it can be concluded that the CNT is capable of adsorbing Cr6+, Mn2+ or Pt2+ ions chemically. An analysis on the density of states verifies the formation of chemical bonds between the CNT and these metal ions. The decrease in energy gap of the CNT due to the adsorption of Cr6+, Mn2+ or Pt2+ ions makes the adsorption systems chemically more active. The research suggests that (8,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes could be potentially applied as sensing materials for detecting heavy metal ions or as substrates for carrying metal catalysts.


The objective of this study is to develop a methodology that can externalise potential concerns and evaluate the values of the concerns raised in corporations. By implementing this methodology into corporate governance, it is expected to improve the work environment and enhance the capability for the corporate governance through supporting the internal autonomic purification. This study comprises of: case studies of past wrongdoings in corporations such as JCO and Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO); identifying the viewpoints for evaluating values of raised concerns; developing a model to evaluate the values.


BACKGROUND
Chondromalacia of the cranial medial femoral condyle (CMFC) is a potential cause of stifle lameness in adult horses. However, there is scant published evidence of either its occurrence or its clinical significance.

OBJECTIVES
To document the occurrence of CMFC seen during diagnostic arthroscopy in adult horses with stifle lameness and to investigate its prognostic significance.

STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.

METHODS
The records were reviewed of all horses with unilateral or bilateral lameness localised to the stifle that underwent diagnostic arthroscopy of the cranial medial femorotibial joint at a UK equine hospital. The surgical findings were noted from each. Case outcomes were determined by unstructured telephone discussions with owners. A satisfactory outcome was defined as a horse that was in ridden work without ongoing anti-inflammatory medication. Multivariable logistic regression was used to create a model with an outcome time point at 12 months post-operatively.

RESULTS
One hundred and four horses were included in the study. CMFC was found in 79. In 25 CMFC was the only finding, 54 horses had CMFC plus other pathology and 25 had other pathology, but no CMFC. At 12 months horses with CMFC were 9.9 (95% CI 2.2 - 45.0, p<0.01) times more likely to have an unsatisfactory outcome than horses without CMFC.

MAIN LIMITATIONS
The study relied on retrospective analysis of clinical notes and archived arthroscopy videos. Assessment of outcome was determined by unstructured telephone interview and therefore there is potential for reporting errors to exist.

CONCLUSIONS
CMFC is a common arthroscopic finding in horses with stifle lameness and is significantly associated with an increased likelihood of the horse not being in ridden work at long term follow up.


During the 1976-77 drought, three principal mechanisms were used to reduce water use in Utah communities: price increases, maximum monthly use restrictions, and restrictions on outdoor watering times. A regression model was developed to explain observed changes in water use, with price, type of restriction, household size, and summer rainfall as independent variables. For an average system, a 1 percent increase in price would reduce water use by 0.07 to 0.09 percent. A 1 percent increase in outdoor watering time restriction reduces use by 0.064 to 0.075 percent. A 1 percent increase in quantity restrictions leads to a reduction in water use of 0.014 to 0.054 percent. The effectiveness of rationing policies is influenced by system characteristics. For example, outdoor watering time restrictions were less effective in systems with above average household size and below average monthly use.


SO THAT laminated fabrics, such as are used for collar cloths, should have laminations capable of being separated during washing in order to facilitate adequate cleaning, the Bleachers' Association has patented the use, between two layers of nonimpregnated fabric, of a fabric interlining stiffened by a thermoplastic resin composition which will soften on washing and become stiff again after ironing. The composition is a mixture of acrylic and polyvinyl resins, and consists of a polymerized derivative of acrylic acid or of α-methyl or α-ethyl acrylic acid, such as the methyl or ethyl ester, preferably mixed with a polyvinyl resin or mixture of polyvinyl resins of low softening point—polyvinyl acetate or a polyvinyl acetate-aldehyde condensation product. It is essential that upon normal ironing the resin shall not penetrate to the exterior of the fabric. Penetration can be avoided by employing a resin composition whose softening point is such that it becomes adhesive without becoming fluid at ...


The purpose of this study is to investigate user acceptance of bring your own device (BYOD) with first year students registered for Crop Science. BYOD refers to the practice of people bringing their own laptops, tablets, smartphones, or other mobile devices with them to learning or work environments. The key aspect of it is that of ownership. Today's students view mobile devices as a tool that assist them with the mastery of technology skills. When students engage with the studies on mobile devices, it eventually supports them to improve their studies or work on homework and assignments. The participants in this study, were 210 first year students registered at a study university of technology in the Faculty of Science, Department of Agriculture. There were 130 (61.9%) female and 80 (38.1%) males. Their age ranged between 18 and 27 years. The question posed in this study was: How was user acceptance of BYOD discovered? To answer this question, the quantitative method was used. Data were collected by means of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS. Reliability for the entire scale computed in terms of the internal consistency was found to be .90. For the content validity, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's test of sphericity was .92 which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results revealed that 91.9% of the students used smartphones. In terms of the perceived usefulness of BYOD, 81.9% of the students indicated that they were able to use mobile devices to effectively complete the activities on time. It is critical that higher education institutions provide Wi-Fi connection in the classrooms, in order for the students and lecturers to access the Internet during teaching and learning.


ABSTRACT The present study aimed to test a theoretical model that contemplates the constructs environmental awareness, healthy consumption, consumer, and subjective norms as determinants of organic food repurchase intention. The method applied consisted of a quantitative approach with a descriptive objective and was implemented through a survey, which counted on a convenience non-probabilistic sample of 241 organic food consumers living in Brazil. Data analysis was performed employing multivariate statistics employing Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) that allowed to measure the relations between the constructs through the test of the proposed hypotheses. The main contribution evidenced is that environmental awareness positively and significantly influences healthy consumption. Besides, the results evidenced that environmental awareness positively influences consumer's attitude, healthy consumption significantly influences consumer's attitude, and attitude and subjective norms positively influence repurchase intention in the context of organic food consumption, thus reinforcing signs of healthier and more sustainable consumption behaviors.


The construction of integrative science is one of the main discourses in the Islamic scholarly discourse today. There is a great hope that the Islamic scientific products not only based on Islamic values, but also relevant to the needs of Muslims today. This paper intends to reposition the Islamic philosophy as a basis for the development of integrative science. There are three issues in Islamic philosophy, namely the question of divinity (Ilahiyyah), the issue of nature (kauniyyah), and humanitarian issues (insâniyyah) called metaphysics trilogy. The third issue, namely God, Nature, and Man will bear fruit to the beliefs about the ontological status of each part of the object which then became the development of integrative science. The ontology study will affect to the epistemological aspects, particularly with regard to the sources of knowledge. There are three sources that are required to be explored in depth by Muslims, which is associated with signs to the glory of God in the form of the verses of qauliyyah, the verses of kauniyyah, and the verses of humanity. Exploration on the three verses will produce knowledge, which all have a strong spiritual sense that it is all aimed to understand the greatness of God. As for the axiological sphere will produce a pattern of a harmonious relationship and intact in the form of hablum minallâh, hablum minalkawn , and hablum minannâs . The third pattern is the description of the relation of this relationship should be built by a Muslim, in his position as Khalifatullah and at the same time as 'Abdullah.


An approach to determining the stable movement of trains in conditions of uneven
carriage flow is considered. The approach is based on the idea of train movement as a cyclical pro cess that allows you to formalize the classical graphical representation of trains on the graph, and on
the transition from a static model to a controlled dynamic system


Turkish novelist Orhan Pamuk won 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel My name is Red,which captures both eastern and western readers with its excellent narrative techniques,combination of cultural diversity with national characteristics.There are three narrative systems presented by the first person narration in this masterpiece.The first presents the dead and the murderer's,then followed by animals and non-life's,and the lovers' narration comes the last.Surely,the three systems compose an ideal polyphony,which presents the reality and conflicts of Turk's thought in the context of post modernism.


Given two elliptic curves defined over a number field K, not both with j-invariant zero, we show that there are infinitely many $D\in K^\times$ with pairwise distinct image in $ K^\times/{K^\times}^2 $, such that the quadratic twist of both curves by D have positive Mordell-Weil rank. The proof depends on relating the values of pairs of cubic polynomials to rational points on another elliptic curve, and on a fiber product construction.


e17504Background: The inflammatory reaction pathways have impact on tumor cells development or anti-tumor responses. Both by the activity of the innate and acquired immune response signalling pathw...


The kagome Ising antiferromagnet is highly frustrated with its pair correlation decaying exponentially at large distance for all temperatures including absolute zero. Hence, the spin system does not support long-range orderings and is devoid of any phase transition. One proves, via local star-triangle and decoration-decimation transformations, that correlations in the kagome Ising antiferromagnet at arbitrary temperatures can be represented as linear combinations of correlations in the honeycomb Ising ferromagnet at high temperatures (disordered region). Existent knowledge of all honeycomb Ising correlations upon a select (spatially compact) 10-site cluster is thus sufficient to determine all present kagome Ising correlations upon an associated 9-site cluster. Examples of resulting exact solutions for pair and multisite correlations in the kagome Ising antiferromagnet are presented at all temperatures. Applications include joint configuration probabilities, thermodynamic response functions such as the specific heat and the initial perpendicular susceptibility, and the inelastic neutron scattering function.


Cadmium is a highly anisotropic hcp metal like zinc. It has an axial ratio (c/a = 1.8855) that is much higher than the ideal axial ratio for the hcp structure. The successful study of the lattice dynamical properties of Zn and Tl by the modified Cheveau model has created an interest in studying the phonon dispersion relations and specific heat of cadmium. The computed results are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental results.


The antitumor activity of total flavones from the leaves and branches of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei in Anhui south region in vitro by MTT method was investigated. On the premise of establishing the transplant tumor model of mice,the inhibition rate on tumor cells growth and peritoneal macrophage phagocytic function of tumor- burdened mice by total flavones were determined. The results indicated that the sarcoma- 180 growth could be significant inhibited by total flavones in vitro and had the dose- dependent relationship. Compared with the group of physiological saline,the experiment in vivo indicated that total flavones showed significant inhibitory effects on sarcoma- 180 in tumor- burdened mice( P 0. 01) and improved thymus index in mice with sarcoma- 180. In addition,total flavones could significantly enhance the peritoneal macrophage phagocytic function in sarcoma- 180- burdened mice( P 0. 01) compared with the group of cyclophosphamide,which showed it had no the effect of immunosuppression.


Cell adhesion molecules mediate cell‐to‐cell interactions, thereby regulating effective immune response against target cells. We have investigated the intercellular cross‐talk between lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1) and its counter‐receptor, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1). This interaction regulates the postadhesion events leading to the regression of a rat histiocytoma, AK‐5, which is mediated by natural killer (NK) cells through antibody‐dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). Repeated systemic administration of anti‐cell adhesion molecule (anti‐CAM) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), i.e. anti‐LFA‐1 and anti‐intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 (anti‐ICAM‐1), in AK‐5 tumour‐bearing animals enhanced tumour growth and caused delayed regression. The immune suppression achieved after the administration of these antibodies could be attributed to the diminished cytotoxic, as well as apoptotic, activity of NK cells. The MoAbs selectively reduced the adhesion of NK cells to the tumour cells in vitro. Flow cytometric analysis showed down‐regulation of Fas‐ligand expression on NK and T cells following MoAb administration in vivo. Marked reduction in the lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) activity of NK cells was also observed after in vitro blocking of LFA‐1 and ICAM‐1 molecules. In addition, continuous MoAb administration induced suppression of the cytokine response. These results underline the importance of ligand binding between LFA‐1 and ICAM‐1, which could provide co‐stimulation for the effector‐cell functions via signalling events to induce cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cytokine production, resulting in the efficient regression of AK‐5 tumour in syngeneic hosts.


ratified by Canada. This approach followed the Court's "generous and purposive" approach to Charter interpretation. In Hape, however, the majority cites these cases to support its invocation of international law to limit the availability of Charter protections in a Canadian trial. This approach is particularly troubling where the international law principles invoked—here, the customary rules on jurisdiction—are notoriously rarefied and imprecise. The contrast with parallel cases in the United States concerning the extraterritorial application of the U.S. Bill of Rights is striking. Unlike the leading U.S. cases, which are virtually silent on international law, Hape painstakingly analyzes international custom to inform its interpretation of the Charter, with a surprising outcome. The case far exceeds Verdugo-Urquidez in limiting the extraterritorial application of search and seizure protections. It appears likely that in a similar situation—an investigation of an American citizen conducted by U.S. officials abroad for a trial in the United States—U.S. courts would apply the Fourth Amendment. 16 Ironically, the Canadian Supreme Court's openness to international law leads to lesser constitutional protection abroad than the narrower use of international law by the U.S. Supreme Court in interpreting the Bill of Rights—a result few international lawyers would have predicted. Even more significantly, the Court resolved Hape by interpreting section 32, a general provision governing the scope of application of the entire Charter. Its far-reaching ruling creates a presumption against extraterritorial application of virtually all Charter rights, and stands out against the more cautious and fact-sensitive approach adopted by the U.S. Supreme Court. Justice Binnie's warning that Hape may prejudge more consequential cases relating to the Canadian government's involvement in the war on terror appears well-founded.


The synoptic analysis of sea fog in western Antarctic sea region is made based on the observation data in the Chinese Antarctic station, Great Wall Station, from December 1994 to November 1995, and the facsimile weather charts issued by Chile. It is found that more than 90% fog in this region is the advection cooling fog. Also, the synoptic mechanism of the fog creation and distinction is discussed by analyzing the pressure field, the temperature field and the upperlevel stratification. Finally, the focus of attention in forecasting fog is pointed out.


Ion-molecule reaction, Titanium, Fluorinated ethanol, HeteroclusterThe importance of chemical reactions induced by inter-actions between transition metal ions and hydrocarbonmolecules in a wide range of biological, chemical, andphysical processes has prompted extensive studies aimed atelucidating the catalytic activities of transition metal ions.


The relationships between a long period harbor oscillation and ship motions induced by long period waves were investigated through field observations and numerical calculations. The field observations for the water surface oscillation and ship motions were carried out at Hosojima Port, Miyazaki, Japan, from August to September in 1997. The port frequently suffers an obstruction of cargo handling from large ship motions. The field data showed that the long period waves were amplified in the port and they induced large ship motions which caused the interruption of cargo handling. The numerical calculations based on a boundary element method were also carried out to investigate the effectiveness of an offshore breakwater proposed for a countermeasure against long period waves in addition to protecting inside the harbor against wind driven short period waves. Although the damping effects of the wave height by the offshore breakwater tended to become less for longer period of waves, the effectiveness of the offshore breakwater was also observed in long period waves.


In this letter, we present a novel gripper, whose design was inspired by chuck clamping devices, for transferring heavy objects and assembling parts precisely in industrial applications. The developed gripper is lightweight (0.9 kg), can manipulate heavy payloads (over 23 kgf), and can automatically align its position and posture via a grasping motion. A fingertip design criterion is presented for the position alignment, while a control strategy is presented for the posture alignment. With one actuator, this gripper realized the above features. This letter describes the mathematical analyses and experiments used to validate these key metrics.


This article is an account of a patient I performed an endodontic treatment on in general practice. It gives an account of the examination findings, demonstrates the thought process behind the treatment planning for this case and a description of the treatment done as well as the results. Case Details: Patient Details: Name: CY DOB: 12/05/1989 (24 yrs. old) Gender: Female Medical History: Asthma (never been hospitalised for it) Dental History: has been an irregular attender at a different practice Social History: Smoker (10 a day) light drinker (socially 4-5 units a


Many data on hydrogen solubility in pure metals usually used in Gasar process,such as Al,Mg,Cu,Ni and Fe,have been compiled.All data were transformed into the same form as lg[H]= A/T+B+O.51g(pH_2/101325),and good results for calculating solubility have been gained by averaging the values of solubility constant A and B respectively.


Probiotics are microorganisms which when ingested in certain amount, beneficially effect the host health by altering the gastrointestinal microecology. A large number of probiotics come out from the Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium genera. The present study was designed to study antidiabetic properties of CLA producing LB10 isolate and commercial probiotic isolate in unencapsulated and encapsulated form. Result showed that encapsulation in sodium alginate beads improved the cholesterol reducing efficiency of both the strains. It was concluded that LAB isolate reduced the blood glucose level similar to that of commercial probiotic isolate. Keywords: CLA, Probiotic, Encapsulation, Hypoglycemic.


Stokes-vector modulation (SVM) formats have recently drawn attention for realizing low-cost and high-capacity optical transceivers. However, SVM transmitters reported so far are still complicated because they are based on optical components employed mainly in coherent systems. In order to reduce the device size, cost and power consumption, a more compact transmitter configuration is desired. In this invited paper, we first experimentally demonstrate transmission of 30-Gb/s 8-ary SVM signal over 50 km using the proposed configuration. Then we numerically investigate system performance of our recently-proposed compact transmitter for the 8-ary SVM format.


The suppressive effects of exogeneous glucocorticoid on the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis is a well-known fact [1–3]. There have also been many studies of healthy volunteers [1], patients with Cushing's syndrome [4] and patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia [5], regarding the role of endogenous glucocorticoid in the regulation of TSH. However, there have been no reports on the relationship of serum cortisol and TSH in cyclic Cushing's syndrome. A 71-year-old woman with clinical signs of Cushing's disease was observed continuously for three years during which serum cortisol levels fluctuated from 10 to 57 g/dl and serum TSH levels ranged 0.05 to 3.15 IU/ml. As can be seen in the main Fig. 1, cortisol levels peaked twice during the first two years. Beginning in May 1997 the patient began receiving 120–180 mg/day of trilostane, and seemed to respond. However, in July 1998, her serum cortisol levels began to rise to about 20 g/dl (this period is not shown in the main Fig. 1). The patient demonstrated two important features of cyclic Cushing's disease: absence of ACTH response to CRH administration and non-suppressibility in response to high dose dexamethasone other than the cyclicity of ACTH and cortisol. Repeated tests over an interval of one year gave similar results. Moreover, these features were present even during the normocortisolemic state. Dynamic MRI on admission (January, 1966) revealed a microadenoma in the left part of the pituitary. In this case the correlation between serum cortisol and TSH was examined in 20 pairs (inserted Fig. 1). Hormone values which may have been influenced by loading tests, including dexamethasone suppression tests, were eliminated. There was a significant adverse correlation between serum cortisol and TSH (r = 0.86,


Limbless animals that burrow head-first are often considered to be evolutionarily constrained in the development of a large head, due to limitations imposed while penetrating the soil. Whilst animals with a small head experience less resistance when digging, they are believed to have a weak bite, hence restricting their potential dietary spectrum to soft prey. Yet, recent findings established molluscivory in the fossorial worm lizard Trogonophis wiegmanni (Amphisbaenia), suggesting a high bite capacity for this burrowing species necessary to crush snail shells. To tackle this burrow/crush dilemma, we examined the relationship between head morphology, bite force and gastropod diet in T. wiegmanni males and females. In vivo bite force analyses and shell hardness measurements were used to assess the potential dietary spectrum of the amphisbaenians. In addition, phylogenetic analyses were performed to put T. wiegmanni's head size and bite force into an interspecific comparative context. Our results show a strong positive relation between head size and bite force, and we found no evidence for sexual dimorphism. In sharp contrast to other durophagous lizards, T. wiegmanni combines a relatively small body and a (disproportionally) small head with relatively high biting forces. In fact, T. wiegmanni is able to crush a wide array of the most abundant gastropod shells in their environment. However, the head size of the strongest biters imposes a limitation towards a common alternative snail-feeding strategy: entering the opening of the gastropod shell. This study shows that head size, and consequently bite force, increases the number and variety of gastropods that can be consumed by 'shell-crushing', but reduces the number and variety of snails that can be consumed by 'shell-entering', and vice versa. The cranial design of (durophagous) limbless burrowers may therefore not only evolve under constraints for efficient soil penetration, but also through selection for diet.


Abstract : This report presents results of initial engineering investigations into the development of a top-level specification of a security kernel for Multics. (Author)


In contemporary western cities, socialization often occurs in locations with a mix of public and private characteristics. Oldenburg defined these settings as "Third Places" because they provide a space of conviviality in between the privacy of home and the rigidity of work. Coffee shops and pubs are some of the prototypical Third Places providing a welcoming and neutral atmosphere for conversation that is essential to community development. Consumer computing and telecommunications have impacted how we socialize with each other and use Third Places. This brings about the question of how technology can support Third Places or if technology has a role at all in these settings. We propose an alternative paradigm called "Third-placeness" defined as a state of socialization, of which a Third Place is a physical embodiment. Third-placeness arises when information is uncensored, which minimizes inequalities and differences, and is characterized by low barriers to information access, regularity, lightheartedness and comfort. We identify aspects of Third-placeness and study how a particular type of technology, interactive public displays, could affect these aspects. Through our observations and lessons learned we identify social, public, and physical characteristics of interactive public displays that could support aspects of Third-placeness. Our research contributes a framework, the Sociality, Publicity and Physicality Framework, that organizes aspects and requirements of designing interactive public displays for Third-placeness. It also describes a way in which to communicate about these designs and a way such designs can be approached.


An analytical expression for density of trap states (DOS) related to the surface potential is derived from the Poisson's equation and the surface potential corresponding to certain gate-source voltage is obtained by integrating the low-frequency capacitance-voltage characteristic. It is shown that the DOS for indium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors (IZO TFTs) may be represented by the superposition of exponential deep states and exponential tail states with the density of deep/tail states (NDA /NTA) at the conduction edge as 1.2 × 1017 cm-3·eV-1/9.0 × 1017 cm-3·eV-1 and the characteristics energy of deep/tail states (EDA /ETA) as 5.0 eV/0.182 eV. These extracted parameters are further verified by the comparison of the measured transfer and output characteristics of IZO TFTs with the simulation results by a 2D device simulator ATLAS (Silvaco). Hence, this extraction method of DOS may be very useful for characterizing metal oxide TFTs since it is analytical, fast, and accurate.


Device (1) for rescission of energy of a tire (8), in particular a motor vehicle tire, comprising: a transducer element (2) having a conversion surface (3) for rescission of mechanical deformation energy of the tire (8) into electrical energy; and with at least one fastening means (5) which at least partially firmly attaching only the edge region of the conversion surface (3) of the transducer element (2) to an associated attachment section of the tire (8).


This article shares the findings of a qualitative study exploring clinical nurses' perceptions of teaching nursing students as a preceptor. The results will inform program design and nurse executives in supporting these relationships.


Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death of women in the U.S. today. Members of the family of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are proposed to play a major role in the development and subsequent uncontrolled proliferation of breast cancer cells. Insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I) is known to be a potent mitogen for mammary epithelial cells. IGF-I acts by binding to cell surface receptors, thereby stimulating a cascade of events leading to cell division. In the interest of interrupting the effect of IGF-I on cancerous mammary epithelial cells, an understanding of how IGF-I behaves in the presence of other extracellular components is needed. This study examines the IGF-I response of SV40-IGF-I, an immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line which secretes IGF-I constitutively.


At the time of publication of ICRU Report 32, Methods of Assessment of Absorbed Dose in Clinical Use of Radionuclides (ICRU, 1979), nuclear medicine imaging was in its infancy. Rectilinear scanners were still in use and scintillation cameras were emerging as the standard of practice. Planar techniques were principally used to acquire diagnostic images for ascertaining gross functionality of major organs in the body. To ensure the safety of radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine, the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine developed a general formalism for calculation of the absorbed dose from internal radionuclides (Loevinger and Berman, 1976). This formalism, known as the MIRD schema, was adopted by the ICRU in Report 32. At the time, the schema was applied to absorbed-dose calculations using an anthropomorphic phantom representing a 70 kg man (Snyder et al., 1975). These calculations required numerous assumptions (detailed in Section 3.5) to arrive at estimates of mean, organ absorbed doses, which were, in turn, used in risk estimation. The procedures and assumptions recommended in ICRU Report 32 were appropriate with respect to the context of the field of nuclear medicine at that time. Over the years, the development of highly selective radiopharmaceuticals, major improvements in planar imaging, and the acquisition of three-dimensional images with SPECT and PET have spearheaded the transformation of organ based imaging to the acquisition of physiological data on subregions and specific cell populations within organs. Examples of current studies can be seen in a special issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine on nuclear neurology (Goldsmith, 1996). Accordingly, the MIRD schema has been adopted to calculate mean absorbed doses using models of suborgan, multicellular, and cellular source and target regions (Coffey and Watson, 1981; Goddu et al., 1994a, 1997; Bouchet et al., 1999). In addition, since the publication ofICRU Report 32, several new features of the MIRD schema have achieved widespread acceptance in the field of dosimetry. Among these


Ventricular Fibrillation: A Pediatric Problem provides a comprehensive review of this uncommon disorder in children. In 10 sections containing 25 chapters, 27 experts present the latest information on this subject, beginning with discussing the biochemical behavior of the neonatal heart in comparison with the adult heart, and discussing animal models that mimic pediatric ventricular fibrillation.

The book contains quite a bit of repetition, but proper emphasis is placed on differentiating the manifestations of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation in adults from those found in children. Good reviews of the genetics of long QT and Brugada syndromes are provided by Jeffrey Towbin, and other chapters provide descriptions of the most common congenital heart defects associated with these arrhythmias.

In particular, the subject of devices and external defibrillation is very well covered, including discussion of the technical aspects and current federal regulations affecting their use. The summary of the common problem of syncope in children is also well done.

Overall, the book is a useful resource for cardiologists, pediatricians, and family physicians.


MATTHEW ARNOLD had the temerity to deny, in the lecture on Emerson which he addressed to his first audience in Boston, that his subject deserved place among "the legitimate poets" or the great men of letters or the philosophers. Yet in one of his letters home he remarked that his hearers, among them JMiss Emerson, were satisfied that he rested the preacher's claim to the gratitude of many generations on the simple grounds that, like Alarcus Aurelius, Emerson was "the friend and aider of those who would


The system,data and network securities should be considered in construction of a perfectly functioning network system,and measures and strategies should be taken for the protection of information system.The normal operation of hospital information system is critical for its medical practice.Only by establishing a perfect security system,can the network provide various kinds of safe,reliable and accurate medical information.


Density functional calculations are performed to study the linear OCuO molecule in the neutral, cationic, and anionic charge states. The equilibrium bond lengths, vibrational frequencies, and electronic configurations are obtained. A theoretical assignment for the features in the photoelectronic spectrum is given at the local spin-density approximation level. Our results compare well with the available experimental results and show that the ground state of the OCuO molecule is the doublet (2Πg).


In order to investigate the performance and emissions behavior of a high compression ratio compression ignition (CI) engine operating in partially premixed charge compression ignition (PPCI) mode, a series of experiments were conducted using a single-cylinder engine with a high-pressure rail fuel injection system. This included a moderately advanced direct injection strategy to attempt PPCI combustion under low load conditions by varying the injection timing between 25 deg and 35 deg before top dead center (BTDC) in steps of 2.5 deg. Furthermore, during experimentation the fuel injection pressure, engine speed, and engine torque were kept constant. Performance parameters and emissions were measured and analyzed using a zero-dimensional heat release model. Compared to the baseline conventional 12.5 deg BTDC injection, in-cylinder pressure and temperature were higher at advanced timings for all load conditions considered. Additionally, NOx, PM, CO, and total hydrocarbon (THC) were higher than conventional results at the 0.5 N·m load condition. While PM emissions were lower, and CO and THC emissions were comparable to conventional injection results at the 1.5 N·m load condition between 25 deg and 30 deg BTDC, NOx emissions were relatively high. Hence, there was limited success in beating the NOx-PM trade-off. Moreover, since the start of combustion (SOC) occurred BTDC, the resulting higher peak combustion pressures restricted the operating condition to lower loads. As a result, further investigation including exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and/or variance in fuel cetane number (CN) is required to achieve PPCI in a high compression ratio CI engine.


The aim of this paper is to explore the hypothesis of a computer virus threat, and how destructive it can be if executed on a targeted machine. What are the possible counter measures to protect computers from these threats? In this study, we performed an analysis from the data extracted from different test of scenarios and labs conducted in a test environment. Information security risks associated with computer viruses can infect computers and other storage devices by copying themselves into a file and other executable programs. These file get infection and allow attackers to connect to target systems by using backdoors. The results of this study show that, the proper security implementations and the use of up to date operating systems patches and anti-virus programs helps users to prevent the loss of data and any viral attack on the system. Nevertheless, this observation could be used for further research in the network security and related fields; this study will also help computer users to use the possible steps and techniques to protect their systems and information from any possible attacks on their network systems.


Although debate continues over the place of reductionist and non‐reductionist approaches within the academic study of religion, much of the debate falters due to a failure to appreciate the necessity of 'understanding' for the effectiveness of 'explaining' cultural phenomena. This article addresses this very problem, reassessing the role of the insider within a methodological reductionist approach within religious studies. Assessing the delimitation of critical analysis to 'knowable knowledge' construction, teasing out theoretical problems with verification, and recognising the role of data construction in first‐order description prior to second‐order theorisation, this article will argue that the insider's perspective is indeed an essential aspect of the critical analytical approach. Unlike phenomenological or irreductive approaches, however, the insider's perspective is limited to the stage of data construction ('understanding'). At the secondary level of theorisation, the relative relations bringing together data within an analytical study takes precedence ('explanation'). Thus, within a methodological reductionist approach (distinguished from ontological reductionism), there can be no explanation without understanding.


The state of international public health emergency, declared on January, 30th 2020 has seen an increase in frequency and intensity of health workers in the work place to support COVID-19 positive patients and indirectly their families. This has seen them come into direct contact with the lives and experiences of other people and with their own, both positive and negative,feeling compassion for those assisted and helplessness in the face of death. The observational study, conducted through the use of Kendall's Self Report questionnaire ProQOL-Professional Quality of Life Scale (2009), version 5, consisting of 30 questions on a Likert scale (from 1 "never" to 5 "very often"), referable to three dimensions: Compassion Fatigue, Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction, allowed the 46 subjects involved to measure their inner resources, assessing the level of stress and emotions experienced. The representative sample of the Calabria region was selected randomly. Everyone was asked to fill in the online questionnaire, after dilling in a descriptive part related to demographic data such as age, sex, marital status, city of residence, profession, city where they work, years of work experience, length of the working week and the impact that the pandemic has had on their work. The results obtained from the research show a reduction in the quality of professional life perceived by health care professionals during the pandemic period.


The paper presents adaptive blind channel estimation and tracking algorithms for CDMA systems. Using only the spreading code of the user of interest, three blind estimation algorithms are proposed to estimate the channel response from the received data sequence. The idea is based on minimum variance (MV) receivers. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms perform better than previously proposed algorithms, also they are less complex and have a fast convergence rate.


This problem was the second part of a two-part problem. The first part asked the reader to determine the smallest area of a triangle with integer edges and integer area. The smallest area can be shown to be 6 (the 3-4-5 right triangle is the only such triangle). The proof is not too difficult and makes for a challenging problem. As late as the October 1991 issue of Mathematics Magazine, Problem 1261b had not been resolved. The purpose of this note is to solve Problem 1261b and to establish in the process several interesting facts concerning the existence of tetrahedra with integer edges and integer volume.


The procedure of monitoring the condition of processes is called condition monitoring. Condition monitoring is one of the most important part of any system which could be managed and controlled by thermal imaging system. This paper attempts to show the capability of thermal imaging in condition monitoring. According to the characteristic of thermal images, the goals of this paper are: (a) introducing a new metric as thermal condition monitoring measurement, (TCMM) (b) detecting of fault location, and (c) define a new concept of thermal image fuzzy condition monitoring system as a priority level classifier to identify type of condition and sending the correspond recommended action. The advantages of the proposed schemes are: (a) thermal imaging condition monitoring system doesn't need to access high-level knowledge about the system and, (b) using the proposed system cause to reduce number of thermal instruments and make the data send/receive protocol more reliable. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods on condition monitoring system and control.


This study examines the differences in store service quality and relationship benefits according to clothing consumption values. This study has collected data from adult consumers in their 20s to 60s via offline and online surveys. A total of 459 survey responses were used for the final analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, clothing consumption values were composed of 4 factors: emotional, conspicuous, individuality, and practical value. In light of the tendency of consumers` clothing consumption values, consumers have been grouped into 3 consumption groups: hedonic, practical, and practical·symbolic. Second, consumers considered price policy·product quality, salesperson, product assortment·promotion, and convenience of store service quality in the order of importance. Regarding the relationship benefit, consumers considered psychological benefit, economic benefit, informative benefit and social benefit in the order of importance. Third, regarding the importance in service quality for clothing consumption value group, practical·symbolic consumption group and practical consumption group considered price policy·quality service more important than hedonic consumption group, and practical·symbolic consumption group considered product assortment·quality, promotion service, salesperson service, convenience of store service more important than other groups. Fourth, regarding the importance of relationship benefits for the clothing consumption value groups, practical·symbolic consumption group considered informative benefit and social benefit more important than other groups. The practical·symbolic consumption group and practical consumption group considered psychological benefit more important than the hedonic consumption group.


A hydrogen bonded liquid crystal complex is designed and synthesized from the binary mixture of cholesteryl acetate (CHA) and 4- octyloxy benzoic acid (8BAO), and hydrogen bond formation in the complex has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies. The thermal and textural characterization of the complex is carried out by polarizing optical microscope (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Transition temperatures and corresponding enthalpy values along with enantiotropic and monotropic transitions are elucidated from DSC. Interesting observation of the present work is that the identification of induced smectic G phase between smectic C and crystal, wider thermal span of the mesogenic phases and decreased enthalpy values in the binary mixture compared to the individual mesogens.


The aim of this work is to study the correction to Darcy's law for inertial flow in porous media. In many situations encountered in industrial applications such as flow in column reactors, gas flow near wells for hydrocarbon recovery and CO2 sequestration, flow in filters..., Reynolds numbers are large enough to lead to a non-linear relationship between the filtration velocity and the pressure gradient. In this work, a numerical analysis of the non linear -inertialcorrection to Darcy's law is carried out for the stationary inertial flow of a one-phase Newtonian incompressible fluid on model 2D and 3D structures. Effective properties appearing in the macroscopic model resulting from the volume averaging of the mass and momentum (Navier-Stokes) equations at the pore scale are determined using the microscopic flow fields and solving the closure problems resulting from up-scaling. From the numerical simulations, the dependence of the correction to Darcy's law on the geometrical properties of the 3D structure is studied. These properties are the shape of the solid grains which may be cubic or spherical and the degree of disorder in their arrangement in the domain. Mots clefs : milieux poreux, simulations numeriques, effets d'inertie, changement d'echelle 1 Modele physique et methodologie L'equation de Darcy-Forchheimer classique basee sur l'introduction empirique d'un coefficient de resistance inertielle dans le terme de correction (quadratique en vitesse) a la loi de Darcy a ete precisee a l'aide d'une derivation formelle theorique conduisant a un modele general plus complet [1]. 21 eme Congres Francais de Mecanique Bordeaux, 26 au 30 aout 2013 2 Les equations macroscopiques de ce modele sont obtenues en moyennant les equations microscopiques de conservation de la masse et de la quantite de mouvement (Navier-Stokes) sur un volume elementaire representatif (VER) d'un milieu pseudoperiodique (voir figure Figure 1 pour un exemple de cellule unitaire de la structure modele). Ces equations microscopiques sont donnees, sous forme adimensionnelle, par : * * 2 * * * * ( . ) p p Re             v v v (1)


The performance and sensitivity of various ionization chambers used for measuring energy in a bremsstrahlung beam were analyzed. The sensitivity of Soviet chambers were measured calorimetrically at E/sub max/ = 10 to 90 Mev. Various foreign and domestic instruments were in agreement within 2%. (R.V.J.)


An algorithm on pulsewidth compression is proposed. The new algorithm is efficient and is guaranteed to be globally convergent. All intermediate iteration points are feasible Jones vectors. The properties are important for real time control.


A biocompatible UHF RFID antenna operating at 918 MHz under skin was designed and simulated using CST. The antenna was fabricated with aluminum foil (σ = 3.5 × 107 S/m) and ELCOAT conductive ink (σ ≈ 1.5 × 105 S/m). Measured return loss is better than -5dB and read range surpasses 1 m for both antennas.


In this paper we consider the floating-point sum of positive terms. Among the algebraically equivalent schemes we determine the ones which lead to the minimum of the upper bound of the rounding errors. We also provide lower and upper bounds for this minimum by relating this problem to the coding theory.


Abstract : This report is a continuation of Technical Report ARLCB-TR-81008 and describes a three-dimensional photoelastic study on load distributions and stresses in multi-groove connections of the same material under tension. Two groove profiles were investigated, namely, the British Standard Buttress (BSB), and the new profile. It was found that in both profiles the maximum fillet stress (of)max does not occur at the groove root. Therefore, the narrowest transverse section is not the critical section. The critical stress, i.e., (of)max, in the new profile is higher than that in the BSB profile. Moreover, (of)max in the first groove is higher than in that subsequent grooves. Hence, the first groove is the critical region. In an ideal muli-groove ( 7) connection, the first two lugs could take approximately 50 and 60 percent of the load in the BSB and new profile, respectively. However, the ideal contact could not be expected due to machining tolerances. The worst possible case would occur when only one groove is in contact and the situation is reduced to a single-groove connection. Further work on the effect of different materials is in progress.


Hospital acquired infections (HAI) are important causes of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to see the type of HAI and causative organisms of these infections among the paediatric patients in tertiary level hospitals of Dhaka city. This cross sectional study was conducted in three tertiary level hospitals in Dhaka City over a period of two years. A total of 1055 patients were observed and the study population comprised of all the admitted paediatric patients irrespective of sex and basic diseases who were found present during data collection period as admitted patients in the paediatric wards of the hospitals under study. Among 1055 pediatric patients admitted in all the three hospitals under study a total of 115 (10.9%) were affected by hospital acquired infections. Higher prevalence (14.0%) of Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAI) was found in surgery ward and the lower prevalence (9.2%) of HAI was found in medicine ward. The most common type of HAI was surgical wound infection 26(22.6%). Out of 115 HAI patients highest number 44(38.3%) were affected by staphylococcus aureusfollowed by E. coli23(20%).
Update Dent. Coll. j: 2019; 9 (1): 23-28


In this paper, we proposed an information security risk index to diagnose users' malware infection situations (such as computer virus and adware) by gathering data from KT network systems. To develop the information security risk index, we used the analytic hierarchy process methodology and estimated the risk weights of malware code types using the judgments of experts. The control chart could be used effectively to forecast the information security risk for the proposed information security risk index data.


As human action, drinking alcohol or smoking cigarettes, for instance, are phenomena that are familiar to most people. We recognise when people use drugs or gamble whether that happens in the television or around us. Sometimes we call these actions addictions. Addictive actions are actions that puzzle us. This puzzlement has raised different kinds of views on addiction that describe the phenomenon in different ways. The proponents of the views pick features that they consider to be sufficient in capturing the phenomenon. The disease view emphasises that addicted individuals are not in control over their own actions, whereas the choice view highlights addicted individuals' capacity to act according to their own preferences. Some see addiction as a defect of will and addictive action is a manifestation of that. Sometimes they all insist on referring to the same group of people and describing the same actions with seemingly contradictory terms. What happens when an addicted individual acts in accordance with his addiction? This thesis also tries to answer this question and make this kind of action and agency understandable. By showing that these three common views fall short of capturing the phenomenon, I will provide characteristics that jointly suffice for something to be labelled addiction, but which are not, however, individually necessary (or sufficient) for addiction. Those characteristics are strong desire, myopia, biased decision-making, and weakness of will. Furthermore, they should be understood in the framework of diachronic, active agency. They contribute to a view on addictive action that consists of different kinds of actions. Acknowledging the variety of nuanced human action, the understanding of addictive action is increased and this may also be utilised in addiction-related policies and treatment. The emphasis of my study lies specifically on understanding addiction as action by the means of analytical philosophy.


A new scheme is derived for the digital TDM-FDM conversion (transmuitiplexer) of N voice channels. In the complex version it simply consists of 1) a polyphase filter and 2) a modulator with carrier W_{2N}^{t}^{2} = exp( j^{2}\pi t^{2} /2N ) where t is the normalized discrete time, both working at the rate of the TDM (or FDM) flux. The polyphase filter is quite different from the polyphase network encountered in other transmultiplexer schemes: it is one-input oneoutput with a constant phase in each sideband of the resulting FDM signal. The modulator replaces the bank of N modulators or the N -point DFT processors of usual schemes. The derivation of the scheme is carried out in general, and its complexity is discussed with reference to the standard format of N = 64 voice channels.


Earthquake action and floods are the main hazards from the natural environment for most large storage dams. The main difference between these two hazards is that floods occur almost annually whereas strong earthquakes may have return periods of several hundred to thousands of years depending on the seismotectonic conditions of the dam and reservoir region. Therefore, priority has always been given to the flood safety of dams located in regions of low to moderate seismicity.