There have been numerous reports of ultrastructural changes in the human hepatocyte after acute and chronic ingestion of alcoholic beverages.'-5 The accompanying dietary conditions, however, were not controlled, nor were biopsies made prior to the ingestion of alcohol to ascertain whether or not pre-existing derangement was present. The study reported here included histologic and ultrastructural examination of sequential needle biopsy specimens from livers of volunteers ingesting a measured amount of pure ethanol under controlled dietary conditions.6'7 The fine structure of hepatocytes in biopsy specimens obtained before and after alcohol ingestion were compared and consistent changes in the extent and organization of agranular endoplasmic reticulum were noted. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four subjects were admitted to the metabolic unit of the Cornell Medical Division, Bellevue Hospital, and given a balanced alcohol-free diet for 2 to 4 months. This diet contained i6 per cent total calories as protein, 48 per cent as carbohydrate and 36 per cent as fat. Although all patients gave a history of previous alcoholism, Menghini needle biopsy specimens of the liver obtained at the end of the control period did not show cirrhosis, nor were they fatty or otherwise abnormal by light microscopy. After this control biopsy was obtained, alcohol (diluted 95 per cent ethanol) was given for I6 to I8 days in increasing amounts, up .to 46 per cent of total calories, isocalorically replacing carbohydrates. (Ethanol and alcohol are used synonymously in this paper.) Depending on the caloric intake of the individual, ethanol ingestion


According to the requests of a weather radar for a transmitter system,and to conform to the requirements of the Magnetron's work,this paper gives the technical indexes of the solid state MOD and its function profile which meet the requests of the MOD,and introduces it's function for every part.The MOD design uses 3 SCRs series as the discharge switch(solid state MOD),can withstand 3 kV voltage,in practice the work voltage is only 1.8 kV,it has 40% redundancy for work,it is favourable to improve the reliability of the MOD;The high voltage power supply uses flyback charge switch power,it makes the charge and discharge process time-sharing,it is favourable to prevent the short of the MOD and reduces the bad influence of the power supply's ripple on the MOD's indexes;1 μs rectangle pulse is formed by double line PFN,specially it gives the strict theory analyses for flyback charge and double line PFN,from here the reliable parameter is gotten for designing the MOD.Comparing the double PFN with the mongline PFN,the double PFN has the equivalent output voltage with the charged voltage,under the condition of having the same output voltage,it will reduce the charge voltage to half for using the double PFN,it is favourable to reduce the number of SCR and provides facility for use and maintenance.The MOD controller is carried out by PLC(Programed Logic Controller),the PLC has very strong capability for anti-jamming and has standard 422 serial interface,it is facility for exterior link.The MOD can manage the failure and state sign in time and connect it with the high voltage output,if the MOD is in the state of failure,the MOD will not work to assure the safe of operator,all these are got by programming.The MOD has the characteristics of smaller volume and light weight,it is convenient for installing and using.the result proves that the logical analyses and parameters selection are reasonable,settles for the requests of practice.Now the MOD has been used in many weather radar transmitter,the safety and reliability index is high,this paper is helpful for reference to related engineering design.


This article aims at examining forms and characteristics of Turkish nationalism under Erdoganism, a relatively new term which has been devoted to leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The notion of nationalism has not been the main focus on the full range of the political rhetoric and the social interactions demonstrated by Erdogan. However, generally considered as a fundamental element in Turkey's social and political development, nationalism always remains a hot topic which cannot be separated from social dynamics and society itself. For this reason, nationalism will endlessly continue to look for a dynamic form and, at the same time, becomes an instrument of the ruling to control the distribution of power. Erdoganism itself has various distinct approaches towards the narrative and development of Turkish nationalism. This research used a qualitative approach with discourse analysis method by elaborating symbols, languages, writings, and speeches demonstrated by Erdogan in the political activities. The findings of this research are expected to be able to comprehend nationalism of Erdoganism.


An electrical connector is provided, which comprises a main body and a plurality of terminals stored inside the main body. Each terminal comprises a clamping portion inserted into the main body, a contact portion and an elastic portion connected between the clamping portion and the contact portion. When the electrical connector is connected with a first electronic device and a second electronic device, the elastic portion of the terminal produces a reversible deformation and provides an elastic force to the contact portion, so that the contact portion can contact with the second electronic device with smaller frictional force.


Late Antiquity is often assumed to have witnessed the demise of literature as a social force and its retreat into the school and the private reading room: whereas the sophists of the Second Sophistic were influential social players, their late antique counterparts are thought to have been overshadowed by bishops. Literature and Society in the Fourth Century AD argues that this presumed difference should be attributed less to a fundamental change in the role of literature than to different scholarly methodologies with which Greek and Latin texts from the second and the fourth century are being studied. Focusing on performance, the literary construction of reality and self-presentation, this volume highlights how literature continued to play an important role in fourth-century elite society.


Eighteen cultivars representing five botanical types of Arachis hypogaea L.were se-lected as female parents to cross with A.sp.9990,an Erectoides accession with resistance to mul-tiple diseases and pests.All the crosses failed to produce viable seeds mainly due to embryo abor-tions.Three morphologically different types of embryo abortion were recorded.Marked differ-ences were observed between subspecies,and among botanical types and genotypes in hybrid podproduction and embryo development.In terms of pod production per 100 pollinations,subspeciesfastigiata was superior to subspecies hypogaea,and Valencia and Virginia types performed betterthan Spanish and Peruvian types.Fengqiu Yibazhua and Silihong were among the most acceptablegenotypes by showing higher pod productions and delayed embryo abortions.These results sug-gest that through extensive screenings,particular genotypes with higher crossability or lessincompatibility with A.sp 9990 can be obtained,and the use of such genotypes in hybridizationprog


Recent advances in our knowledge of the geotechnical behaviour of natural soils and weak rocks suggest that the shear stiffness controlling wave propagation in near-surface materials will be similar to those which geotechnical engineers wish to measure, and use to calculate movements of the ground around engineering structures. Field seismic techniques which have been found suitable for stiffness determination are reviewed. The benefits of using geophysical methods, as compared with the use of routine geotechnical techniques, are discussed.


A new method for the quantitative precipitation of In and Ga by means of cinnamic acid was developed to permit their separation from Mn, Ni, Co, and Zn. Ammonium cinnamate quantitatively precipitates In and Ga from a weak acid solution on heating, whereas Mn, Ni, Co, and Zn remain in the solution. The composition of compounds formed by cinnamic acid with In and Ga under the precipitation conditions was determined. The formation of a soluble ammonium derivative of the base gallium cinnamate was established and optimum conditions were found for its hydrolytic decomposition with the quantitative separation of the base salt. The base indium and gallium cinnamates, which precipitate in a solid form, are easily filtered and washed. The sorption of bivalent metals, Mn, Ni, Co, and Zn, (remaining in the solution) with the base salt precipitate is not more than some hundredth parts of a milligram; so the separation is achieved by a single precipitation. Nitrates and sulfates do not interfere. (auth)


Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites reinforced by 30 vol% Si C particle prepared by vacuum hot pressing sintering were studied. The results indicate that the microstructure of the composites is dense and the interface between particulate and matrix is well bound. Si C particles in the aluminum matrix are distributed uniformly. Under the condition of solid solution and aging heat treatment,the tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of Si Cp/2024 Al composites are 409 MPa,325 MPa and4. 9%,respectively. There are lots of nano-precipitated phase of S'( Al2 Cu Mg) in the matrix. With the addition of Si C particles,the mechanical properties of the composites are improved compared with that of 2024 Al alloy,and the main fracture mode of the composites is attributed to matrix and interface tearing.


Globalization and the increasing cultural diversity of countries have led to a necessity to bring certain arrangements in every aspect of education. Interculturalism has become an issue in terms of educational, economic, political, cultural, and technological developments in the world. In Europe, the Council of Europe had a leading role in development and promotion of intercultural education since 1997, based on cultural and linguistic diversity in education emerging from increased mobility, plurality and complexity. Because of the rise of communicative language teaching in the 1980s and globalization, teaching of target cultures has become a part of foreign language courses and many techniques and materials have been developed. Foreign language education may play an important role in promoting cultural diversity and tolerance towards this diversity. Teachers should be able to teach culture besides language structures. Avoiding prejudice, helping students to have a more open and positive viewpoint to other cultures are also roles of the foreign language teachers. Therefore, teachers are expected to be aware of power imbalances, stereotyping and discrimination. However, teachers may not appreciate this function of foreign language courses.This study aims to find out and explain the perceptions of pre-service teachers on intercultural education to reveal their concepts of intercultural education. In this study qualitative method is used and the data gathered with metaphors from pre-service English Teaching students in two universities. The data is analysed by using content analysis. In the analysis of the data obtained, metaphors are analyzed in four stages (coding and sorting, sample metaphor compilation, category development, ensuring validity and reliability).The analysis of the derived data still continues.


Clean water is one of the basic needs of everyday life. Recently, an ongoing process has been shown to improve water quality, making water less suitable for use. To solve this problem, research is done using a machine learning model. The Decision Tree Algorithm is used by Naïve Bayes algorithm in this type of machine learning to support drinking water quality. The two types of performance are compared in this work. K-fold cross credentials are used to evaluate our machine learning model. Results obtained in the decision tree algorithm have the best results in the configuration with an accuracy value of 97.23%.


Abstract Two nonsteroids, ONO-3805 and LY191704, were evaluated as inhibitors of the human and rat 5α-reductases (5αR). ONO-3805 was prepared in a 12-step convergent synthesis. This compound is a potent inhibitor of the human and rat 5αRs, with more potent inhibition seen against the rat enzymes. The inhibition patterns of this compound were best fit to an uncompetitive model which suggests binding in a ternary complex with enzyme and NADP+. ApparentKivalues of 27, 31, 1, and 0.5 n$of5$M versus testosterone were obtained with human type 1, human type 2, rat type 1, and rat type 2 5αR, respectively. Multiple inhibition studies with ONO-3805 and NADP+support synergistic binding of these two inhibitors with all isozymes. LY191704 was also evaluated as an inhibitor of the human and rat 5αRs. This compound is a selective, competitive inhibitor of human type 1 5αR. Poor inhibition was observed with human type 2 and rat types 1 and 2 5αR.


We report two cases of trifurcation lesions that were successfully treated with simultaneous triple-balloon inflation. One of the potential limitations with using simultaneous triple-balloon inflation has been the requirement for a larger guiding catheter (8 Fr or larger). This limitation was overcome by using 0.010 inch guidewires and 0.010 inch guidewire compatible balloon catheters with a 6 Fr guiding catheter via a transradial approach (The King Ghidorah Technique). The other advantage of the simultaneous triple-balloon inflation was to obtain an almost complete round circle (symmetry index 0.9) at the left main coronary artery by intravascular ultrasound imaging.


Following the background, the problems in this study are, first, the mechanism for implementing procedural law in E-Court for criminal cases in Indonesia, secondly how E-Court accommodates the process of proof in criminal cases in Indonesia. The method used in this research is pure legal research, which refers to and bases on legal norms and principles, applicable laws and regulations, legal theories and doctrines, jurisprudence, and other literature that are relevant to the topic. The results of this study are, firstly, the mechanism for implementing E-Court procedural law is regulated in the Supreme Court Regulation 4/2020 on the Administration and Trial of Criminal Cases in Electronic Courts provides 2 (two) alternatives for conducting trials in criminal cases, namely Normal Courts and Electronic Courts. Such matters are not previously regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code or other procedural regulations. Second, concerning the process of proofing evidence in criminal cases in E-Court still follows the provisions of the normal criminal procedure law and has the same value or power of evidence as normal trials.


Although the importance of socioeconomic factors in conservation planning is increasingly recognized, there are few examples demonstrating how such factors can be practically incorporated into the design of protected area networks. Here, we illustrate how spatial zoning software can be used to consider local marine tenure explicitly in the design of marine protected area (MPA) networks, using a case study from the Philippines. By stipulating the minimum area of fishing grounds that must remain open to each local fishing community, we were able to design MPA networks that impacted local resource users more equitably and were therefore more likely to be socioeconomically viable. MPA networks that considered local tenure boundaries had a greater overall area and cost than those that sought to minimize costs to small‐scale fishers as a single stakeholder group. However, in this context, established concepts of "efficiency" in conservation planning are likely to be less important than minimizing costs to each fishing community individually.


Listeria monocytogenes is a human food borne pathogen that may lead, in particular in immunocompromised individuals, to a severe disease characterized by septicemias, meningitis, meningo-encephalitis and abortions. The study of the cell biology of Listeria infectious process provided insights in the way bacteria manipulate the host and revealed unsuspected functions of cellular proteins. To cause infection pathogens interfere with crucial host intracellular pathways, different pathogens often hijacking the same signaling pathways. In particular, host phosphorylation cascades are preferential targets of infecting bacteria. In this study, using L. monocytogenes as a pathogen model, we showed that eukaryotic cells present a variable protein phosphorylation pattern upon infection. We addressed in particular the tyrosine-phosphorylated protein profile triggered by Listeria infection and identified two cytoskeletal proteins, Myosin 9 (Myh9) and Cytokeratin 18 (CK18), differentially tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to Listeria uptake. We demonstrated that Myh9 was not only tyrosinephosphorylated over the time of infection, but was also recruited with actin at the bacteria entry site. In addition, we were able to show that the inhibition of Myh9 activity blocked Listeria entry into non-phagocytic cells. Surprisingly, the reduction of Myh9 expression using RNAi techniques resulted in an increased Listeria uptake. Together these results point to the role of a novel myosin class in the internalization of Listeria, correlating for the first time myosin post-translational modifications and Listeria infection. We also show here that CK18 is enriched in the vicinity of entering Listeria into epithelial Caco-2 cells. Moreover, our preliminary results indicate a reduced entry of Listeria in cells showing low levels of CK18 expression. The identification of Myh9 and CK18 tyrosinephosphorylated residues during infection and their direct mutagenesis would help to unravel the direct role of these specific tyrosine phosphorylations on bacteria internalization. This work identified two novel host proteins involved in Maria Teresa Pinto de Almeida 9 Mestrado em Medicina e Oncologia Molecular Abstract Maria Teresa Pinto de Almeida the Listeria infectious process and should contribute to the identification of new signaling cascades hijacked by pathogens to promote their own internalization.


14.06.2019 Simulations show new methods for efficient polarization: Physicists from the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg proposed novel methods for generation of relativistic spin polarized electron and positron beams. Using extensive simulations, they found three different scenarios for efficient polarization transfer from intense laser beams to particle beams with a high degree of polarization of up to 70%. A key mechanism is the spin-dependent radiation reaction.


The determination of concept, essence, model and structure of the organizational and legal mechanism of the cooperation between Ukraine and UNESCO, which should be used to improve the sphere of legal provision the development of information society in Ukraine, has been investigated in this article.


This chapter discusses the difficulties experienced by fathers in carrying out what they accept as their parental responsibility to communicate with their children about sexuality. Examples are given from interviews with fathers, their wives, and their adolescent children.


tag=1 data=The men who would rule - Student ready to make history. by David O'Reilly

tag=2 data=O'Reilly, David

tag=3 data=The Bulletin,

tag=4 data=114

tag=5 data=5827

tag=6 data=7 July 1992

tag=7 data=26,27.

tag=8 data=POLITICS%MPS-NSW

tag=10 data=Bob Carr is steeped in Labor's past; now, with the dispatch of Nick Greiner, he appears a step closer to becoming a dominant force in its future. But a new man now stands between him and the premiership.

tag=11 data=1992/4/9

tag=12 data=92/0579

tag=13 data=CAB

tag=32 data=CARR, BOB


When subjected to permanent ground deformations, buried pipelines may fail by local buckling (wrinkling under compression) or by tensile rupture. The initial assessment of the effects of predicted seismic fault movements on the buried pipeline is performed using analytical approaches by Newmark-Hall and Kennedy et al, which is restricted to cases when the pipeline is put into tension. Further analysis is then undertaken using finite element methods to assess the elasto-plastic response of the pipeline response to the fault movements, particularly the compressive strain limits. The finite element model is set up to account for the geometric and material non-linear parameters. The pipe material behaviour is generally assumed to have a smooth strain hardening (roundhouse) post-yield behaviour and defined using the Ramberg-Osgood stressstrain curve definition with the plasticity modelled using incremental theory with a von Mises yield surface, associated flow rule and isotropic hardening. However, material tests on seamless pipes (X-grade) show that the stress-strain curve typically displays a Luder's plateau behaviour (yield point elongation) in the post-yield state. The Luder's plateau curve is considered conservative for pipeline design and could have a significant impact on strain-based integrity assessment. This paper compares the pipeline response from a roundhouse stress-strain curve with that obtained from a pipe material exhibiting Luder's plateau behaviour and also examines the implications of a Luder's plateau for pipeline structural integrity assessments.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Intuitive eating (IE) has emerged as a weight‐neutral approach to health promotion for those with overweight/obesity. This weight‐neutral paradigm has some support, although research thus far has often neglected to control for potential confounds (i.e. objective weight status and demographics) and foundational studies are lacking. The objective of the current study was to observe the unique association of IE with physical health indicators in a sample of adults, independent of objective weight status.


Wang Lu-zhan held a special status as a friend of Pu Song-ling in the poem league of Yingzhong.The Wangs' pedigree offered Wang' extraction,marriage,imperial examinations and other information roundly,it filled a gap of Wang' information.


20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 % husk in the mixture. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) was the adhesive utilized in the production. Produced panels were tested for certain mechanical and physical properties. Experimental results indicated that increase in husk percentage in the mixture generally diminished the mechanical and physical properties; however, the test results showed that husks could be utilized up to 30% in the mixture to produce particleboards while maintaining the minimum values required in the Standard (TS-EN 312).


AC motors in particular squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM) enjoy several inherent advantages like simplicity, reliability, robust, low cost and maintenance free. The operation of induction motors in the constant volts per hertz (V/f) mode has been known for many decades, and its principle is well understood. V/f control has displaced the dc motor to some extent, particularly in the lower kW range, and the majority of variable speed drives in operation today are of this type. However for high dynamic performance industrial applications their control remains a challenging problem because they exhibit coupled nature of the stator and rotor flux and also significant nonlinearities. Sliding mode control is novel and quite different than the conventional field oriented or direct torques control (DTC) and optimizes the torque response. A new stator and rotor flux observer based on continuous sliding mode which allows Induction motor operation at low speeds is proposed in this project. This model is characterized in the stator reference frame and modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK.


The article makes a comparison on the side of equipment, investment and cost between two options of a self powered station, i.e. the scheme of a diesel generator with steam boiler and a gas turbine generator with waste heat boiler, and finally concludes that the option of adopting the gas turbine generator with waste heat boiler is more economical and reasonable. Tables 5 and refs 2.


Apoptosis of immune and another organs in 7-day young ducks infected with DHV was demonstrated.The result showed that intense apoptosis-specific signal was detected in immune organ.It keeped short time and reached its peak at 36 h suggesting that the pathological mechanism of DHV appears to be related to the immune restraint resulted in apoptosis of lymphocyte.The apoptosis in the liver,kidney and brain was not marked.


Josquin's music was adapted by organists over a long period, starting before the composer's death and continuing until the very late sixteenth century. This collection, which includes seventeen works by six different organists, demonstrates the broad scope of various forms of ornamentation and use of accidentals.


A dynamic cepstrum parameter that incorporates the time-frequency characteristics of auditory forward masking is proposed. A masking model is derived from psychological experimental results. A novel operational method using a lifter array is derived to perform the time-frequency masking. The parameter simulates the effective input spectrum at the front-end of the auditory system and can enhance the spectral dynamics. The parameter represents both the instantaneous and transitional aspects of a spectral time series. Phoneme and continuous speech recognition experiments demonstrated that the dynamic cepstrum outperforms the conventional cepstrum individually and in various combinations with other spectral parameters. The phoneme recognition results were improved for ten male and ten female speakers. The masking lifter with a Gaussian window provided a better performance than that with a square window.<<ETX>>


This review examines the use of pictograms in health care. Well designed pictograms are simple, clear, graphic symbols able to convey their intended meaning to all patients, including those who are illiterate, elderly or visually impaired. Although some research on the effectiveness of pictograms has not supported the hypothesis that pictograms are beneficial for the acquisition and comprehension of information, most studies investigating health‐related applications of pictograms have shown them to be of benefit in the comprehension and recall of instructions on prescription and over‐the‐counter medicines. However, the success of pictograms as a communication aid in pharmacy depends first on a rigorous design process, followed by well‐designed, randomised, controlled trials using an appropriate method of evaluation. The final stage is to investigate the optimal way of using pictograms in practice and to assess their effect on behavioural outcomes, such as compliance. We discuss methodological issues associated with the design process of pictograms, the evaluation of pictograms in practice, reasons for their use in pharmacy and their potential in improving medication compliance. We also report on the positive and negative aspects of various pictograms that have been developed and tested in pharmacy.


Attenuators are widely used to create modern wireless communication systems. It is important to ensure the high quality of the transmitted signals so that the exchange of information takes place without loss. The use of differential attenuators in microwave equipment allows you to increase flexibility and expand the scope of the systems. The problem with providing high isolation with maximum signal attenuation and low attenuator losses with minimal attenuation is most difficult to solve. The presence of parasitic effects at microwave frequencies imposes certain difficulties in the design of attenuators. In the course of the study, methods of reducing losses with minimal attenuation and increasing maximum isolation based on the use of complementary differential attenuators, shunt resistors were determined using computer modelling. The methods' effectiveness is proven by achieving minimum losses of no more than 1.5 dB and maximum attenuation of at least 36dB.


The qualitative volatile composition of simultaneous distillationextraction (SDE) extracts of different types of cork stoppers has been determined. Eighty one volatile compounds have been identified, belonged to different chemical families: terpenoids, aliphatic carbonyl compounds, furanoids, carboxylic acids, esters, phenolic compounds, alkanes and alcohols. Compounds responsible for the organoleptic wine defect known as �cork taint�, like 2,4,6-trichloroanisole, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-octen-3-one and geosmin, were found in all the cork samples.


This article reports on an intervention where possibilities and limitations with problem-solving as a basis for mathematics education in pre-school class were studied. In the article we explore how ...


The patient, a 15-year-old girl, is the second oldest known survivor with 18-trisomy. Mosaicism seems unlikely as no normal cells were found in blood and skin cultures. The physical appearance of individuals with 18-trisomy may become less characteristic with survival past the first few months of life.


omnidirectional simultaneous identification system for the monitoring or management of inputs and outputs of a coverage area having one or more input / output pads (1), this installation comprising a central control unit (2) connected to a detector (5) arranged at least at each entrance / exit zone, and an identification badge (6) encoded individually assigned to each individual or object tracking, the sensor emitting a detection signal (11) in the field of VHF-UHF which is received by each card (6) when in the entry / exit zone (1), the buttons (6) emitting in response to an identification signal (20) is received by the detector (5) and transmitted to the management center (2). Application to the field of telecommunications.


ed from the data of the physical feeling (or perhaps a reverted feeling) with the objective data of the physical feeling. The prehended occasions exercise their causal efficacy through this integration. What we actually experience derives much from these neurons. But we are never conscious of them. The relation is quite simply cause and effect, although 53 John B. Cobb, Jr. we then integrate these numerous physical purposes with the intellectual feelings in a final satisfaction. What then about the quanta? Does the experience that is a quantum event resemble ours sufficiently to justify calling it an "experience" at all? Whitehead thinks so. He thinks the quanta also have physical purposes. They achieve what intensity is possible for them by integrating conceptual and physical feelings. This does not introduce them to the level of the affirmation/negation contrast. They have no propositional feelings. They are not conscious. Since they resemble only the part of our experience that is not conscious, those who identify experience with conscious experience will oppose extending the term "experience" to them. For Whitehead, however, consciousness is a subjective form of some of the prehensions of high-grade occasions of experience. In no way does it delimit experience as such. What happens in the process of self-constitution of a quantum occasion is the same as what happens in much of ours. PerCePtion in the modes of Causal effiCaCy and Presentational immediaCy Conscious perception, we saw, is the integration of a propositional feeling with a physical one. This can be perception of one's own past experience. But for the most part conscious perception is our experience of our environment. Much of it is visual. The analysis of how we perceive our world in this sense is somewhat more complex. It, too, begins with physical feeling. In the case of visual experience, this feeling is of something external to the body. It is, of course, highly mediated. Events somewhere in the room, for example, reflect light toward my eye, where it is transformed into stimuli that are transmitted through the nerves to the occipital lobe of my brain. I abstract from this some eternal object which I then project back onto the region of space which reflected the light to me a fraction of a second earlier. I see that contemporary region of space as a patch of color. Actually, however, that is not quite true. I see it as a colored wall. In other words, I integrate transmuted physical feeling of the actual occasions that make up the wall with my conceptual feeling of a given color. What was lacking in the other account was the highly mediated character of the physical feeling from which the eternal object projected on the wall is abstracted. Whitehead Word Book 54 The impact of the events in that relatively remote region upon me is what Whitehead calls "perception in the mode of causal efficacy." I derive feelings from the occipital lobe which derived them from the eye, which derived them from the light reflected by that part of the wall. But when I abstract a color from my experience it appears to me as there now. What relation it has to the events that were causally efficacious for me is hard to fathom. But that I now see that region of space as having a certain color is indubitable. That I actually experience the color as characterizing the wall is also hard to dispute, although drawing conclusions from that about what is really there is quite risky. In any case, Whitehead calls the integration of the propositional feeling and the physical prehension a conscious perception. What is most important about this account is that it dethrones the primacy of perception in the mode of presentational immediacy. A great deal of philosophy has assumed that this, and only this, is our access to the external world. For a long time the philosophers followed common sense in attributing the eternal object not merely to a spatial locus but also to the physical object located there, such as the wall. They thought of themselves as seeing people and houses and horses, rather than patches of color. But as they became more rigorous, they concentrated purely on presentational immediacy, that is, on what was immediately given as sense data. In that mode we receive only the appearances or phenomena, and that means only the eternal objects. Whitehead agreed that in the pure mode of presentational immediacy we experience only the phenomena. But he emphasized that this pure mode is derivative from perception in the mode of causal efficacy. This consists of physical feelings, and physical feelings are what relate us to actual occasions other than ourselves in the present moment. This analysis of experience is of great philosophical importance. Many philosophers have come to assume that, on an empirical basis, we cannot affirm the reality of a world beyond our sensory experience. This has led many philosophers to move farther and farther away from common sense. For them we are either left in our own private worlds of experience or are obliged to conclude that we construct the world rather than discovering it. For Whitehead the common sense view is correct. We know there is a world beyond ourselves because we experience it as such. Of course, common sense can lead to naïve views about that world that Whitehead does not share. Whitehead's understanding of that world is shaped by 55 John B. Cobb, Jr. physics, which teaches that the actuality is quite different from the way it appears to us. But the external world possesses the actuality that common sense assumes, and Whitehead speculates that what is felt as there and what is actually there have some real connection.


Febrile seizures(FS)is a common convulsive disorder in infants and young children.It is clinically classified into simple febrile seizures(SFS)and complex febrile seizures(CFS). Although intensively investigated, it remains controversial on the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment, long-term prognosis of FS, even the definition itself is still under debate.This paper briefly reviews recent advances on the underlying mechanisms of FS, including involvement of genetic factors, role of ion channels, and immunologic and neurotransmitter dysregulation.We also gathered some new insights on the treatment and prevention of FS, aiming to improve our understanding of FS.

Key words:
Febrile seizures; Pathogenesis; Treatment; Prevention


Abstract In this paper, a dynamic forest fire hazard model is introduced aiming at getting reliable information useful to take pre-operational actions that can reduce the impact of potentially ignited fires over the considered territory. Among such actions, the attention focuses on the pre-operational allocation of aerial means, able to cope with the forest fires. A pre-operational resource allocation problem is introduced, and formalized as a mathematical programming problem. A case study, relevant to the forest fire hazard assessment and aerial resources management at the Italian national scale, is presented and discussed.


Copyright information: Taken from "Science review: Genetic variability in the systemic inflammatory response"Critical Care 2003;7(4):308-314.Published online 4 Apr 2003PMCID:PMC270696.Copyright © 2003 BioMed Central Ltd


We prove that, when genus two curves C/Q with a marked Weierstass point are ordered by height, the average number of rational points #|C(Q)| is bounded. The argument follows the same ideas as the sphere-packing proof of boundedness of the average number of integral points on (quasiminimal Weierstrass models of) elliptic curves. That is, we bound the number of small-height points by hand, the number of medium-height points by establishing an explicit Mumford gap principle and using the theorem of Kabatiansky-Levenshtein on spherical codes (this technique goes back to work of Silverman, Helfgott, and Helfgott-Venkatesh), and the number of large-height points by using Bombieri-Vojta's proof of Faltings' theorem. Explicitly, in dealing with non-small-height points we prove that the number of rational points (x, y) on Cf : y 2 = f(x) satisfying h(x) > 8h(f) is ≪ 1.872rank(Jac(C)(Q)), which has finite average by the theorem of Bhargava-Gross on the average size of 2-Selmer groups of Jacobians over this family. We note that our arguments in the small-height and large-height cases extend to general genera g ≥ 2, though for medium points we need to use Stoll's bounds on the nonArchimedean local height differences in genus 2. For example, we prove that the number of rational points P ∈ C(Q) with h(P ) ≫g h(C) on C/Q smooth projective and of genus g ≥ 2 is ≪ 1.872rank(Jac(C)(Q)) , and that in fact the base of the exponent can be reduced to 1.311 once g ≫ 1, though this is surely known to experts (the difference is the use of the Kabatiansky-Levenshtein bound in lieu of more elementary techniques). CONTENTS


The invention relates to the selectively filling of ferric oxide particles in the hollow cavity of a carbon nanotube, in particular to a method for selectively filling ferric oxide particles in the hollow cavity of a carbon nanotube, with accurate and controllable ferric oxide particle filling amount and size, and the application of a filling compound. An anodic alumina membrane with a regular pore structure is taken as a template, and a carbon layer is evenly deposited on the template by a chemical vaporous deposition method, and then an anodic alumina membrane/carbon compound is obtained; the compound is put in a ferric nitrate solution and then is ultrasonically shaken at room temperature; the anodic alumina membrane/carbon compound is taken out and then is treated under the protective atmosphere after being dried; ferric nitrate is decomposed into ferric oxide; then the anodic alumina template is removed; and finally, a carbon nanotube that the ferric oxide particles are selectively filled in the hollow cavity of the carbon nanotube is obtained. The ferric oxide particles are selectively filled in the hollow cavity of the carbon nanotube, the content by weight of the ferric oxide particles is between 5 percent and 70 percent and is accurate, even and controllable, and the sizes of the ferric oxide particles are between 1nm and 10nm and is controllable.


The faltering emergence of new 'mental health' legislation in England and Wales between 1998 and 2005 is described. The slow progress largely reflected widespread opposition to the content of the government's plans to replace the Mental Health Act of 1983. That opposition was formalised in the Mental Health Alliance, an umbrella organisation which included user and professional groups as well as voluntary sector bodies. This article highlights the main points of dispute between the government and its opponents. In particular, concerns about compulsion and the duty of the state to guarantee good quality care in every locality divided the government and its critics. The implications of these disputes are discussed, along with some questions about interest work within the Alliance.


Australian Government Libraries Information Network (AGLIN) and local groups of the Australian Library and Information Association (ALIA) have been conducting collaborative programs, which are both practical and informative, and covering a wide range of topics, particularly library specific subjects in Canberra. A range of themes for 2006 are planned such as 'Profiles of the Specials' presentations and library tours including the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), the ACT Heritage Library and the US Information Service. Each speaker will highlight the features of their service.


BAUGNET-MAHIEU, L., GOUTIER, R., AND SEMAL, M. Effects of TotalBody X-Irradiation and AET on the Activity of Thymidine-Phosphorylating Kinases During Liver Regeneration. Radiation Res. 31, pp. 808-825 (1967). Total-body irradiation (1000 R) of rats delays the time at which maximal activity of the TdR phosphorylating kinases is reached in regenerating liver, if the irradiation is given before the appearance of kinase activity. The inhibition decreases when the lapse of time between irradiation and hepatectomy increases, indicating some repair in the protein-synthesizing system. When given during the period of increasing activity, 1000 R is no longer able to inhibit the kinase activity, but 1500 R exerts an inhibitory effect. The enzyme activity, therefore, is less radiosensitive than the synthesis of new enzyme molecules. When irradiation is given 20 hours after partial hepatectomy, at a time when kinase activity would no longer be inhibited, the rate of DNA synthesis measured at 24 hours is found to be decreased to about the same extent as DNA polymerase activity. A radioprotective dose of AET injected to rats before partial hepatectomy also delays the onset of kinase activity. This is considered as a symptom of the metaboJlc shock induced by the sulfhydryl protector, which may be of some importance in the development of the protective power. A protective effect of AET on the radiation-induced inhibition of kinases is observed when the rats are irradiated before partial hepatectomy. In rats irradiated after hepatectomy, the protective effect of AET is masked by its greater toxicity to hepatectomized animals.


The invention provides and be used for the treatment of arthritic method, it comprises the 14-3-3 antagonist, its can specificity in conjunction with being positioned at extracellular 14-3-3 η and/or 14-3-3 γ albumen isoform.In some preferred embodiments, described 14-3-3 antagonist is inhibitory peptide or anti-14-3-3 antibody.Described 14-3-3 antagonist also is formulated into pharmaceutical composition and is used for reducing the method that patient's synovial membrane liquid matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is expressed, and wherein said MMP is MMP-1 or MMP-3.


Using simple examples we show the main features of the phase spectra, which have to be taken into account in seismic data processing. In this case the peculiarities of phase spectra processing in terms of probabilistic and statistical characteristics are considered. Based on previous theoretical results and using the results of the analysis of the spectra calculated for the real seismic signals, there are formulated simple criteria to ensure high performance and stability of the statistical procedures for the phase spectra processing. It allowed us to construct a simple procedure for continuous extension of the phase spectra of signals observed on real traces, and thereby ensure the uniqueness of their determination. The uniqueness is important for the joint processing and analysis of large sets of phase spectra, calculated from the observed seismic signals. Such obtained spectra can be effectively used in various practical problems. Thus, based on the analysis of synthetic and real data, we show that using the phase spectrum can reduce the zone of uncertainty in determining the pinch-out points of a horizon.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of self-stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system on immune function and DNA repair function in family caregivers. Seven female family caregivers engaged in individually tailored stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system in everyday life for 2 weeks. Although we observed effects on lymphocyte function and secretory immunoglobulin A concentration in saliva compared with the control period, there was no effect on DNA repair function.


Imagine that you are conducting a therapy group with eight recovering alcoholics, all of them in their first week of abstinence, all comfortably middle class and around forty years old. Now further imagine that one member is a white supremacist, another is an outspoken advocate of black power, one is an evangelical Christian whose goal is to convert the other members of the group, one is a vocal atheist, one has just returned from combat in Iraq, one is a devout Muslim who has recently emigrated from Iraq, one is a Jewish physician who is committed to Zionism, and the last is an introverted and confused academician. We all expected that with such similar experiences with alcohol bringing them to treatment they could easily work together on the common problems. We soon discovered that other issues of race, politics, and religion would sabotage our best efforts to collaborate. I suggest that we, the members of a group of professionals interested in groups in addiction and recovery, may experience ourselves as disparate as the members of this imaginary group. While on the surface we might seem to share many common goals, we find ourselves divided by contrasting and often conflicting methods, desired outcomes, and ideol-


Do medical journals aid communication? Although most persons would consider the answer self-evident, some apparently disagree. For example, last April 4-6, a symposium on Biomedical Communications was held in New York City.1 The New York Academy of Sciences and the Audiovisual Facility of the USPHS sponsored the event. Among its distinguished list of speakers we look in vain for a medical editor; nor does the agenda contain any hint that medical journalism has a role in medical communication. Since many problems exist in the broad area of medical communications, and in the narrower sphere of the medical journal, mutual discussion of these problems could aid in their solution. We believe that journals remain vital to communication within the profession. Fox2 divided the functions of a journal into the recording and storage of data and the more ephemeral, but nonetheless important, duties of a newspaper. Whichever function a journal purports to serve, and most combine both, the activity seems patently one of communication. And journals do change, do attempt new techniques. Although the basic format resembles that of original scientific periodicals 300 years ago, evolution has taken place, and many interesting innovations have occurred recently. One criticism of traditional medical journalism has been that much published material is too abstruse for the average physicianreader. An attempted solution is the recent emphasis on reporting the medical news as "news," in the mode of the daily and weekly press. Now, of course, some periodicals are entirely devoted to such material, while others, including THE JOURNAL, attempt to allot an appropriate amount of page space to medical news. Two aims predominate: to get usable information to the practitioner quickly, and—probably the more practical—to inform physicians of events and advances in medicine outside their own areas of special interest. Another and unrelated problem is that of sheer volume. The bulk of periodical literature clogs libraries, producing difficulties with both storage and retrieval. Librarians and editors are experimenting with various approaches to this issue. At least one journal, the International Microfilm Journal of Legal Medicine, publishes quarterly issues not on paper but on microfiche. These are rectangles of plastic film approximately 21⁄2 inches by 31⁄2 inches, and each containing the image of up to 96 pages of text. The necessity of owning a microfilm viewer is a major economic block to widespread use. But if portable and inexpensive viewers appear on the market, perhaps microfilm will be used more generally; the major advantage, of course, is the small amount of storage area required for published material. As a final example, a dilemma in periodical publication is the time lag of the process. Because of dissatisfaction, one consequence is the recent interest in "nonjournal journals." The NIH has just concluded an experiment to determine the value of small groups called Information Exchange Groups (IEG).3 One feature of IEGs was the distribution, in mimeographed form, of research papers, notes, and other material submitted by group members. No editor or referee examined these submissions, which were processed relatively rapidly and sent to all members of the IEG. Obviously the principle is instant communication. Within limits, the experiment seems to have been successful; with a sufficiently small group having a narrow area of interest, information arrived quickly enough to be useful to most members. Nevertheless, critics have attacked some aspects of the program. The IEG cannot replace, but may in the future supplement, traditional medical journalism. Although the NIH recently discontinued its experiment, this result cannot be ascribed to failure. Rather, the NIH feels it has proved the potential utility of the IEG, but cannot continue to provide financial support for a few selected groups past the experimental stage. None of these experiments, nor any of the others which could be mentioned, approaches a definite solution to the problem of communications failure. But it should be apparent that journal editors are aware of the problems. Perhaps a beginning to a solution lies in promoting communication among all persons interested and active in biomedical communications.


Calculation methods of longitudinal buckling strength are discussed for long-span deck structure regarded as strength deck.It is pointed out that traditional linear calculation is inclined to be conservative.Strategies of buckling analysis and optimum design are provided for the long-span deck structure.As an example the combination of longitudinal and beams is optimized for a simple deck with long-span.Example prove that on the premise of stability of the deck,properly increase of the longitudinal stiffness could decrease sharply the traverse necessary stiffness,so that the weight of the structure can be reduced,and material utilization can be promoted.


This paper studies the design of self-adjusting networks whose topology dynamically adapts to the workload, in an online and demand-aware manner. This problem is motivated by emerging optical technologies which allow to reconfigure the datacenter topology at runtime. Our main contribution is ReNet, a self-adjusting network which maintains a balance between the benefits and costs of reconfigurations. In particular, we show that ReNets are statically optimal for arbitrary sparse communication demands, i.e., perform at least as good as any fixed demand-aware network designed with a perfect knowledge of the future demand. Furthermore, ReNets provide compact and local routing, by leveraging ideas from self-adjusting datastructures.


Multijunction concentrator solar cells are a promising technology in the effort to alleviate the growing energy demand with renewable sources, as they are capable of high conversion efficiencies while reducing system cost by utilizing small cell areas. Yet, these cells and systems have many unique issues that must be resolved in order for them to be viable for large-scale energy production. Moreover, many of the power loss mechanisms are internal phenomenon and therefore must be modeled. Consequentially, this work is directed towards the computer-aided analysis of multijunction solar concentrator cells and systems. A curve-fit model, for use as an embedded system tool is developed. It is shown that the series resistance extracted from this model for a GaAs concentrator solar cell is within 10% of the expected value. A quasi-3D distributed emitter model is developed to simulate effects related to the lateral flow of current in a solar cell emitter layer. The quasi-3D model is applied to the analysis loss mechanisms and grid optimization for single- and dual-junction solar cells under a non-uniform illumination profile. It is shown that highly non-uniform illumination may result in a greater than 5% power loss, relative to the uniform illumination case. Further, it is shown that the bias-point loss, which results from the potential gradient across the emitter forcing most of the cell area to operate away from the local maximum power condition, plays a very significant role in determining cell performance and the optimal grid electrode pattern, particularly under highly non-uniform illumination. The quasi-3D model is also applied to the analysis of solar tracker error. It is shown that for a systematic tracker error that varies over the course of a day, only small performance degradation is found unless the illumination pattern begins to wander off the cell area. Detailed numerical models are utilized in the design of a GaInP/GaAs concentrator solar cell for maximum yearly energy production. It is found that designs optimized for AM1.5d produce nearly maximum yearly energy. This result is largely independent of geographic location and the optical concentration.


dream of a "Negro art colony" in southeastern Florida; they also discover new concepts, such as musical and auditory archives (and their critical utility and general applicability) that give sound and shape to environmental experience in Their Eyes Were Watching God. In Cultivation and Catastrophe, the lyric is multidimensional, transtemporal, encompassing, and creative, adaptive and adaptable at the blurred edges of nature and culture, a perspective the reader senses throughout given the range of writers, critics, and texts that Posmentier considers. In sum, it is a pleasure to welcome these books to the field of African American literature and eco-criticism. Claborn's asks us to historicize civil rights and environmentalism in ways that can expose urgent meanings in African American literature, and although its chapters do not uniformly make good on this opportunity, it compels us to appreciate understudied contributors like Newsome. Posmentier's scintillates, as Cultivation and Catastrophe stretches our perspective to new shores – geographical and conceptual alike – by imagining a malleable and nuanced "lyric ecology" that melds writers, artists, musicians, composers, critics, and societies in creating, enacting, and embedding profound environmental experience.


This paper describes the environment to which the critical vacuum controls is exposed in the LHC and presents the results of their radiation tests. Based on that analysis the mitigation actions for vacuum systems are proposed.


Analyses of benthic foraminiferal assemblages were carried out on sediment samples collected in the Gulf of Patti (NE Sicily, Tyrrhenian Sea), where high sedimentation rates in front of the Mazzarrà River led to the growth of a prodelta. The frequency of riverine sedimentary fluxes is testified by the widespread occurrence of erosional and depositional bedforms indicative of high-energy processes on the prodelta slope.The frequency of riverine sedimentary fluxes suggests the widespread occurrence of erosional and depositional bedforms indicative of high-energy processes on the prodelta slope. The study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of benthic foraminiferal assemblages and sediment grain size along different sectors of this prodelta to define any relationship between the foraminiferal assemblages, the environmental gradients and the sedimentary processes. In particular, we focused on the role of the highly energetic impulsive torrential inputs that dominate the depositional environment and likely affect food supply and its control on the foraminiferal density and biodiversity. The dominance of opportunistic agglutinated taxa associated with hyaline eutrophic species is a distinctive character likely related to organic matter enrichment and physical disturbance associated with inputs from torrential rivers.


Metamorphic semiconductor devices are commonly fabricated with linearly-graded buffer layers, but equilibrium modeling studies suggest that S-graded buffers, following a normal cumulative distribution function, may enable lower threading defect densities. The present work involves a study of threading dislocation density behavior in S-graded ZnSxSe1-x buffer layers for metamorphic devices on mismatched GaAs (001) substrates using a kinetic model for lattice relaxation and misfit-threading dislocation interactions. The results indicate that optimization of an S-graded buffer layer to minimize the surface threading dislocation density requires adjustment of the standard deviation parameter and cannot be achieved by varying the buffer thickness alone. Furthermore, it is possible to tailor the design of the S-graded buffer layer in such a way that the density of mobile threading dislocations at the surface vanishes. Nonetheless, the threading dislocation behavior in these heterostructures is quite complex, and a full understanding of their behavior will require further experimental and modeling studies.


Gas migration through a soft granular material involves a strong coupling between the motion of the gas and the deformation of the material. This process is relevant to a variety of natural phenomena, such as gas venting from sediments and gas exsolution from magma. Here, we study this process experimentally by injecting air into a quasi-2D packing of soft particles and measuring the morphology of the air as it rises due to buoyancy. We systematically increase the confining pre-stress in the packing by compressing it with a fluid-permeable piston, leading to a gradual transition in migration mechanism from fluidization to pathway opening to pore invasion. By connecting these mechanisms quantitively with macroscopic invasion, trapping, and venting, we show that the mixed-mode transitional regime enables a sharp increase in the amount of gas trapped within the packing, as well as much larger venting events. Our results suggest that the relationship between invasion, trapping, and venting could be controlled by modulating the confining stress.


This assignment, designed for a graduate certificate program in rhetoric and composition, asks students to create a writing prompt for an audience of their choice and to accompany it with a reflective letter written to a stakeholder of their choice. To prepare, students first read scholarship on college writing assignments: what kinds students perceive as meaningful, what kinds are most typical, and what kinds are encouraged in a writing-across-the-curriculum approach. They then consider what elements of this research they can bring into their own context, both in terms of teaching (via the prompt) and in terms of sharing their learning with a relevant stakeholder (via the reflective letter, usually written to an administrator, a colleague, or a student). By allowing students to expressly connect course content to their own contexts in two genres, this assignment enacts features of the scholarship students read. While personalizing learning is valuable in any context, it is especially so in a graduate certificate program, because this increasingly common site of instruction serves students with diverse educational and professional histories and future goals.


In this paper,a novel semantic modeling and classification method based on spatial context is presented for natural scenes.A semantic-context model based on Bayesian network(SCBN) is presented for local semantic objects in scenes.The context model for each local semantic object in scenes is learned from the training set with manual annotations.For test images,segmented regions are classified into object classes by SVM.Then,spatial contexts of each semantic object are extracted by the learned SCBN models.Images are represented through the frequency of occurrence of these semantic objects and their spatial contexts.The spatial context nodes of SCBN model vary with different scenes and local semantic objects,which are learned by the structure learning algorithm for Bayesian networks.Therefore,our scene description is capable of using specific context for each scene type,which makes the classification process more intelligent and efficient.Experiment conducted on natural scenes' dataset demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach for semantic context modeling and categorization of natural scenes.


Innovative marketing strategies had made a lot of improvements in different business industries. Utilization of the internet through various social media platforms and development of software applications have brought ease in promoting and selling products all over the world. However, not all merchants are able to conduct similar practice on due to technological and knowledge gaps. In the province of Romblon, where marble is famous, only few merchants use technology to market since few have resources and knowledge to manage such advancement. To address this, the study aimed to develop an online platform based on the Business-to-Consumers (B2C) hybrid market. Through this, marble marketers could advertise, sell, offer services, and earn profit using basic technological resources, in addition to the earnings in their physical shop. The online market features performance efficiency, functional feasibility, reliability, compatibility, usability, and portability of the system that ensure excellent functional operation and hassle-free services for the users. The system was launched and tested using the ISO/IEC 25010 that the overall result gives a satisfactory rating. Romblon Marble Shopping (RMS) system has been accepted and recommended to be of use by the municipal business marble industry sector as a step through in marble marketing for the province of Romblon.


The length of pregnancy in the mare is known to be influenced both by the genotype of the foetus and the environment of the mother. The heritability of gestation length is 36% (Rollins & Howell, 1951), and male foetuses are carried longer than females (Uppenborn, 1933; Mauch, 1937). Mares mated between December and May have pregnancies that are on average 10 days longer than those of mares mated at other times of the year. This seasonal influence alone accounts for 44% of the observed variance in gestation length, and it appears to to be independent of nutritional factors (Howell & Rollins, 1951). In addition to these genetical and environmental factors that control the day of parturition, there appear to be other environmental factors that can even influence the hour ofbirth. The time of rupture of the chorio-allantoic membrane was recorded in 501 thoroughbred mares foaling at three public studs in the Newmarket area during 1960\p=n-\66.All the foalings occurred during the months ofJanuary to June, and the mares were all kept under similar conditions of management. The hourly incidence of foalings and the stud routine are shown in Text-fig. 1. It is obvious that the great majority of foalings take place at night; 86% occur between 19.00 and 07.00 hours. The maximal incidence is between 22.00 and 23.00 hours, and the distribution about this maximum is markedly skewed. These results are almost identical to those obtained in Poland (Zwolinski & Siudinski, 1965), and to the limited observations made in Sweden (Bane, 1961). Zwolinski & Siudinski (1965) also observed that as the nights became shorter in the summer, the frequency of foalings per hour of darkness actually increased. This, together with the fact that semi-wild mares in the New Forest also seem to foal at night (Davenport, personal communication), suggests that light is the controlling environmental factor. However, husbandry factors may also be important. At the University of Bristol Veterinary Field Station, students were in close attendance on thirteen


— Supply chain tourism has become one of the world's major travel activities. In Sabah, it is one of the main contributors to the state's economy as most travellers visiting Sabah will engage in this type of tourism. In order to acknowledge the services and activities offered, a study was carried out to determine the local Sabahan visitors' perception toward the supply chain tourism activities offered at Tunku Abdul Rahman Park. In addition, the study highlighted the impacts of those supply chain activities on the island's environment. A self-administrated questionnaire was used as the main data collection tool. It was distributed to local visitors on four islands of Tunku Abdul Rahman Park, namely Manukan, Mamutik, Sapi and Gaya Island. The results of the study indicated that most of the local Sabahan visitors were aware of the existence of supply chain tourism activities, and they were satisfied with the services offered at Tunku Abdul Rahman Park. The study also revealed that the supply chain activities would not bring harm to the environment as they perceived the activities would bring benefit to the economy. However, there is an urgency to improve the amenities and signage on the islands involved. This current study is beneficial for policymakers and tourism operators in Malaysia, particularly Sabah. The study's findings have given perceptive evidence and data for Sabah Park management and Sabah Tourism Board to outline promotional approaches that can entice more tourists to visit the island in future and to sustain the islands' environment for the long


Purpose – Aims to report on the 2004 Annual Conference of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST), which had the theme of Managing and Enhancing Information: Cultures and Conflicts. The conference was held in November in Providence, Rhode Island.Design/methodology/approach – Reviews some of the events of the conference.Findings – Finds that the hot topics of the conference were: Google, blogs, wikis, virtual reference and the Semantic Web.Originality/value – A report that will be of interest to library and information management professionals.


Compressive strength prediction of concrete is essential in cold weather concreting. Maturity method and strength prediction method using logistic curve have been used for cold weather concreting in Japan. This method is limited within the range from water to cement ratio 45% to 65%. In this paper, we propose a strength prediction method for enhancing the range of water to cement ratio. The experimental data in the past was used and analyzed. As a result, the approximation by Gompertz curve showed high accuracy in the strength prediction of the concrete within the wide range of water-cement ratio. We propose the new strength prediction method for applying Gompertz curve.


Find out how the swarm theory can be applied to finding ways to provide high-quality patient-centered care, even in the chaos that surrounds care delivery in many health care organizations.


The problem of devising a sensing element of the ``burglar alarm'' type which would be highly sensitive, portable, battery operated, and adaptable to any type of terrain was solved by using a shielded cable of high noise characteristics as an extended transducer. By this means, a device of extreme simplicity was developed with sensitivity sufficient to detect almost indiscernible physical deflection.


Free-piston-driven expansion tubes are capable of generating flaw conditions over a wide range of enthalpies ranging from orbital up to superorbital velocities. Initial optical measurements aimed at investigating the flow in such a facility are presented. Emission studies were used to identify impurities in the how and to investigate spectral regions that are accessible by optical techniques. At moderate enthalpies, it was found that significant radiation resulted from metallic contaminants. At high enthalpies, the spectrum consisted of a number of atomic lines together with a broadband background component indicative of the presence of electrons. The presence of this radiation may limit the applicability of optical techniques that require spectral regions free from the influence of atomic transitions or background radiation. Emission spectroscopy (through Stark broadened hydrogen lines) and two-wavelength holographic interferometry were used to measure the electron number density behind a bow shock on a blunt body at conditions where significant ionization was observed. They yielded average concentrations of (3 +/- 1) x 10(17) cm(-3) from the emission measurements and (3.8 +/- 0.6) x 10(17) cm(-3) from the interferometry.


The experiment was conducted at the Tomato Development Research Station, located in Al-Zubayr district, Basra Governorate, with a sandy loam texture, during the autumn season of August 21, 2022. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of soil conditioners (zeolite at 2% and perlite at 1%, 2%, and 3%) with or without organic matter mixing, as well as the organic matter treatment at 3% and the control treatment, and the soil irrigation level on weighted mean diameter and growth of yellow corn (Zea Mays L.). The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, and the means were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) test at a 5% probability level. The experiment included 10 treatments for conditioner and two irrigation levels (100% and 75%). The desired characteristics were studied at two depths: 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm at the beginning and end of the season. The results showed that the treatment ZO outperformed all other treatments in weighted mean diameter, recording 5.243 mm at the beginning of the season. However, at the end of the season, treatments ZO, B1O, B2O, B2, B3O, and B3 surpassed the other treatments. The irrigation level of 75% EP exhibited a significant increase of 11.45% in weighted mean diameter at the beginning of the season compared to the 100% EP irrigation level. However, at the end of the season, the 100% EP irrigation level showed a significant improvement in weighted mean diameter. Furthermore, at the beginning of the season, the 15-30 cm depth showed a significant increase in weighted mean diameter compared to the 0-15 cm depth, while there was no significant difference between the two depths at the end of the season. Treatment B3O showed a significant increase in plant height, recording 185.95 cm. Treatments B3O, B3, B2O, and ZO exhibited significant increases in plant dry weight compared to all other treatments, with values of 10,966.67, 10,866.67, 10,633.33, and 10,233.33 kg/ha, respectively.


Perceiving and understanding cyber-attacks can be a difficult task. This problem is widely recognized and well-documented, and more effective techniques are needed to aid cyber-attack perception. Attack modeling techniques (AMTs), such as attack graphs and fault trees, are useful visual aids that can aid cyber-attack perception; however, there is little empirical or comparative research which evaluates the effectiveness of these methods. This paper reports the results of an empirical evaluation between an adapted attack graph method and the fault tree standard to determine which of the two methods is more effective in aiding cyber-attack perception. An empirical evaluation (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n=63$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) was conducted through a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3 \times 2 \times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> factorial design. Participants from computer-science and non-computer-science backgrounds were divided into an adapted attack graph and fault tree group and then asked to complete three tests which tested the ability to recall, comprehend, and apply the AMT. A mean assessment score (<italic>mas</italic>) was calculated for each test. The results show that the adapted attack graph method is more effective at aiding cyber-attack perception when compared with the fault tree method (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p < 0.01$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Participants that have a computer science background outperformed other participants when using both methods (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p < 0.05$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). These results indicate that the adapted attack graph method can be an effective tool for aiding cyber-attack perception amongst experts. This paper underlines the need for further comparisons in a broader range of settings involving additional techniques, and makes several suggestions for further work.


Tourism economy is the offspring of commodity economy in advanced development.Tourism economy would be more consummated on its original foundation with the progress of global economy. In Great Development of West China, tourism, as a forerunner industry, is attached importance with highest degree.In the tourism planning in distinct cities,characteristic tourism economy should be harmonized with city economy to guarantee a sustainable development.In this article, the cities are divided into three types: resource type, economy type and composition type.


based on the overlaying crack in sealing surface of fly ash filter manhole cover in coal gasification plant of our company,the analysis suggests that the main cause of crack is the stress corrosion in manhole cover sealing surface.The paper analyzes in detail the subjective and objective reasons why there exists three stress corrosion essential factors in filter working environment,and presents the corresponding preventive measures and suggestions to avoid stress corrosion.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of motivation for the selection of major and satisfaction in the major on the adaption of university life among university students and to present basic data to assist in the healthy adaption of university life. A survey was given to university students in Seoul and Chungcheong cities from October 13 to October 27, 2015 of 250 copies of the questionnaire distributed, a total of 242 copies were in the final analysis. For data analysis, SPSS 21.0 for Windows was used. As a result, there were correlations among the variables, the adaption of University life of university students was affected by the personal motivation, social motivation for the selection of major with the largest effect being class satisfaction. The explanatory power was 38%. In conclusion, it is important to develop teaching and learning programs and counselling students considering class satisfaction for improving the adaption to university life.


The invention relates to a moxifloxacin-containing pharmaceutical composition which is a solid pharmaceutical composition prepared from moxifloxacin and minor ingredients acceptable pharmaceutically. The composition can be prepared into orally-taken solid preparations according to the technical scheme, and metal ion chelating agents added into a formula avoid generation of red moxifloxacin metal ion chelates during production of the solid preparations, so that stability of moxifloxacin tablets is improved. Besides, the solid preparations have the dissolution behavior and hardness similar to those of imported tablets in the market. The preparation formula and process quality are stable and controllable.


The development and use of an experimental microcomputer package for storing and analysing road traffic accidents is described. It has been under development as part of a cooperative programme of road safety research between TRRL and the Egyptian government. The package has been specifically designed for use at the "local authority" level, where relatively detailed analysis of local accident problems is required. The programs developed can be divided into (1) those for creating accident files and (2) those for analysing accidents. Typists generate a file of new accidents by inputting the data directly from precoded accident report booklets which were developed in the same programme of research. These new accidents are checked by the supervisor before being added to his master files. The analytical programs so far written include SELECT, which lists code numbers or the full records of selected accidents; standard and non-standard cross tabulations for accidents, casualties and vehicles; and three graphical types of analysis--accident histograms along a route, accident maps and "stick diagram" analyses. Example printouts are reproduced. All the programs have been designed to be used by personnel with no previous computing experience, the operator responding to "menus" or simple questions. The system has been used in Egypt since March 1983. Firstly running on a Research Machines 380Z and consequently on a Torch, both CP/M-86 (16 bit) operating system. For the Torch, each floppy disc (400k byte capacity) can store about 1,400 accident records, and for the Apricot about 1,100 accidents. Problems encountered in developing and establishing the system are discussed. (Author/TRRL)


We present a progress report on the development of intensified charge coupled devices (ICCDs) used in both analog mode with CCD integrating the output of an MCP and in photon counting mode where single MCP events are centroided to subpixel accuracy by the CCD and readout electronics. Spatial resolutions of 36 lp/mm have been achieved using a 15 micrometer pitch MCP in the analog mode. In the photon counting mode, individual MCP pores with the same spacing have been easily resolved indicating spatial resolutions of less than 10 micrometer. A discussion of the centroiding algorithms are presented, as well as a description of the electronic designs that will increase the diffuse event rate of the photon counting ICCD to 50,000 events/sec.


Based on steady-state multimode theory, the effect of loss-loaded and guiding center variation on gyro-TWT operation stability was discussed. The results show that the decrease of the conductivity can decrease the input power for keeping the stability. And the augment of the guiding center radius can make the conductivity for fully suppressing the backward wave oscillation increase, which can alleviate the difficulty for heat dissipation. All improvement for the operational stability will enhance the output power and the gain.


Natural polymers widely used to produce drug carriers and active dressings include alginates, gelatine, chitosan and hyaluronic acid. In this study, alginate films were obtained bypassing the process of lyophilization. Produced from the common bladder wrack (Fucus vesiculosus L.), they can be used in food chemistry, wound treatment (tissue infections, burns) and in skin care; they are also good drug carriers. The films were examined for their bacteriostatic effects. Alginate gels exhibit bacteriostatic properties against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Tests conducted for active dressings revealed that Aquacel Ag and gauze soaked with 1% AgNO3 exhibit bacteriostatic properties against E. coli and no resistance against S. aureus. Examination using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the bacteriostatic properties of the Aquacel Ag dressing and gauze with 1% AgNO3. Dead cultures of Staphylococcus aureus were observed on the fibre surface of both dressings.


AT the request of His Majesty King Leopold II, King of the Belgians, this expedition was sent in September last to the Congo Free State to report upon the sanitation of the larger towns and to continue the School's work on human trypanosomiasis. Through the kindness of the Governor-General of the Congo and of Drs. Vourloud and Neilseng, Government physicians at Boma, the hospital for natives at Boma was opened to us. It contained about sixty-five patients, and we saw there eighteen patients who had been admitted as cases of sleeping sickness. Whether admitted to hospital by the medical officers, or pointed out to us by the missionaries as cases of sleeping sickness, with three or four exceptions the cases which we have as yet seen have been in our opinion very unlike what has hitherto been described as sleeping sickness. Continued sleep or even abnormal sleep has been almost absent from many of the cases. It has been absent even in those who were believed to be in an advanced -stage of the disease and who ultimately died. In only three or four of the cases observed by us has somnolence been a marked feature, and only in these few cases have the symptoms in any way coincided with those observed by one of us during the Uganda epidemic of sleeping sickness.' From November 4th to November 29th two of us were occupied in travelling through the cataract region in order to ascertain for ourselves the exact conditions existing there. Reports sent to the Congo Free State officials and handed on to us, as well as correspondence received by ourselves, led us to believe that in this district we should find, not only an epidemic of sleeping sickness, but that the whole population was being "decimated" by the disease. Although in the course of our journey we visited many villages and made tiresome expeditions to visit those especially mentioned to us, not a single case of illness did we see in which sleep was a marked feature. We stayed for some time at the Baptist Missionary Society's station at Wathen, in the Lutete district, where we' received hospitality and assistance at the hands of those in charge of the mission. From here excursions were made into the surrounding district, and a large number of persons brought to us as cases of sleeping sickness were examined. These consisted of a heterogeneous collection of men, women, and children, many of whom were found to be suffering from heart, lung, and other more or less common ailments. Amongst the boys it seemed that a diagnosis of "worms" was sufficient in many cases to account for the symptoms. Cases of apparent starvation and neglect were also common, and it appeared from what we were told that, oWing to there being a general belief in the contagiousness of "'manimba "-the native name for what is believed to be sleeping siekness-children and even adults were, as soon as the slightest symnptoms developed, liable to be isolated and shunned by every one, causing eventually a state of emaciation and filth whichended sooner or later in death. Apart from these. howevet, and eliminating the many common ailments, there still remains in the cataract region a class of cases which undoubtedly terminate fatally within a year or two. These cases, of which most villages visited by


The present invention discloses a preparing technics for lactobacillus ferment cushaw as well as its product. With cushaw as main material, to composite lactobacillus ferment agent through manpower inoculation, then to perment under the condition of non-oxygen, middle temperature and slow speed, after perment to prepare lactobacillus perment cushaw dried meat, cushaw catsup and cushaw drink three products. The perment product keeps the connatural nutrition components of cushaw, has the special nutrition and flavor of lactobacillus perment cushaw, sourness is gentleness, aroma is purity, without any essence, pigment and antiseptic, is a new type savageness cushaw perment product. The present invention provides a new technics for using cushaw, and adds a new variety for lactobacillus perment product and is convenient to produce with industrialization.


This article analysis the current situation of the virtual construction in university, which information non-sharing, poor safety and difficult management. Aiming at data diversification and the difference between platform, develop tools and system, making every network teaching resources system as an "information islet", thus cause the disperse and independence of resources and data, integrate each resources system effectively by looking for a service governance structure. We proposed management system and method for private universities of long-term development. The main research is to set up the unified authentication system which can complete unified authentication and authority and administer. Using the virtual server technology, Information Office will set up a virtual campus portal platform with unified planning and concentration deployment, which is simple operation, advanced technology, safe and reliable, to realize unified management and guarantee the information resources interoperability and consistency.


this clause, they contracted an archaeological company to excavate part of the cemetery, evicting the corpses of those alcohol-avoiding Methodists so that booze could be stashed in their vacated graveyard. This is an excellent little book. One of Duckworth's 'Debates in Archaeology' series, it has the virtue of being commendably short; this makes it easily readable within an afternoon, a perfect text for students as well as busy professionals and interested lay persons. I noticed only a few typographic mistakes (charmingly, a 'descent community' is referred to as a 'decent community') and the book is well produced for its very reasonable price.


Golf ball cores, is disclosed a golf ball having at least one intermediate layer and a cover layer. Golf ball cores may comprise an inner core having a radial appendage (radial appendage). Radial appendages may protrude spherical symmetrical pattern from the inner core. Radial appendage may be formed of the same material as the inner core. One or more intermediate layers may surround the inner core, it is possible to charge the air gap between the radial appendages.


Relaxor ferroelectrics are a unique class of materials that can be identified by their high dielectric constants, low hysteresis, large electrostrictive strains


In this work, waste marigold flowers from Temple were used as adsorbent to remove cadmium (II) and chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions. Influences of initial heavy metal concentrations, contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature and initial pH on removal of cadmium (II) and chromium (VI) ions were studied under batch mode of operation. Both the adsorption process of cadmium (II) and chromium (VI) followed pseudo-second order kinetics. Adsorption isotherm parameters of cadmium (II) and chromium (VI) on dried marigold flower were determined using Langmuir and Freundlich models. Thermodynamic parameters depicted that the process was spontaneous and exothermic under experimental conditions. The maximum removal efficiency of cadmium (II) was obtained as 83% at contact time 75 min and pH 5. The maximum removal efficiency of chromium (VI) was found as 96% at contact time 105 min and pH 3. Dried marigold flower showed active reusability characteristics upto three consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles.


Based on a single case study of a workshop adapted from the novel The Moon and Sixpence, this article explores the application of process drama in one English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) class in a Chinese university. It is to examine the impact of drama on efective English speaking within the research context. The author reviews writings on socio-semiotic constructivism pertaining to drama and language acquisition, and writings that promote process drama as an alternative option for ESL classrooms. Three relevant themes – classroom relationships, emotional arousal and language production, and English speaking – were coded and categorised, and then analysed from the perspectives of both the facilitator and the participants. The findings suggest a generally positive response from the participants with regard to the idea of learning English through drama and to the fow of the activities. Meanwhile, this case study also reveals areas of teaching that the author needs to improve in the future. Keywords: process drama; socio-semiotic constructivism; emotional arousal; body language; discourse analysis


It has been over 10 years since the first iteration of Software Communication Architecture (SCA) and more than 5 years since the release of the previous version of the specification, SCA 2.2.2. While there have been numerous technological advancements and lessons learned in the field of software defined radio (SDR) since the release of SCA 2.2.2, the framework remained relatively static and was extended to include a small subset of the new features. The latest specification release, commonly known as SCA4, significantly optimizes the framework and improves a programmer's ability to develop software defined radios efficiently. The new standard builds on a decade of expertise and makes the SCA even more relevant in today's market of resource constrained systems with the ever increasing need for secure mobile communications. With the breadth of potential SCA based target platforms and applications, SCA4 broadens its applicability beyond U.S. military software defined radios.


We are grateful to Mrs Souza, Dr Saez-Benito, Dr Correr and Dr Fernandez-Llimos for their interest and thoughtful comments on our review 1.

Regarding the exclusion criteria, we decided to exclude non-English studies in order to avoid bias from translation. Thus, bias could be introduced due to the existing chaos surrounding the definition of MRPs (189 definitions) and the overlapping/interchangeable terminology used in patient safety 2. In addition, the inclusion of non-English journals in scientific databases is limited. Moreover, our review included only studies between 2000 and 2013 in order to avoid the replication of the review published in 2002 by Beijer & De Blaey on the same topic 3. Likewise, it was made in order to give a good up-to-date insight into the current situation of patient safety over the last 13 years in relation to new concepts and definitions. This is important especially because definitions/concepts in the patient safety field have a continuous dynamic nature.

We do agree with Souza et al. 4 that following all the steps in the Prisma statement and AMSTAR instrument would add more credibility and robustness to systematic reviews. Therefore, we have matched our systematic review against the Prisma statement in relation to title, abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion. Apart from the risk of bias, the review has been shown to fulfil the Prisma statement. However, we have mentioned this risk in the 'strengths and limitations of the review section' and proposed our approach to avoid it. The same scenario applied to the AMSTAR tool for quality assessment; where we fulfilled eight out of 11 items which is comparable with other published reviews in the field. Criteria not fulfilled were bias assessment, list of included/excluded studies and assessing the studies' qualities.

Addressing the review replication, Souza et al. 4 did not mention two key words in the title of their letter which were (adult patients). This may have affected the results. By excluding studies carried out on paediatrics initially, we excluded a reasonable number of hits. Therefore, in addition to the two missing key search terms, the reason for the large number of hits found by Souza et al. may be due to the different search strategy being used. In fact, using a too sensitive search strategy can result in many redundant hits and initially increase the researcher's workload. However, our number of hits was consistent more with that of a recent systematic review on drug related hospital admission, made using PubMed by Nivya et al. covering the period between 2007–2013, and they found only (366) initial hits 5.

We have some reservations on the comments regarding the causality assessment which were highlighted by Souza et al. 4. Thus, the variation in causality assessment was encountered due to the inevitable variations in definitions/methods across studies. However, we assume that Souza et al. are fully aware of many reviews in the field which included studies with different characteristics and were extremely beneficial to the growing field of patient safety.

Furthermore, we preferred the results' segmentation depending on the orientation and the final outcomes of the studies rather than the subgrouping suggested by Souza et al. (study sample, number of medicines or data collection systems) because it presents the findings in a simple and comprehensible way. In addition, it demonstrates the differences across the main studied categories (medicine related problems, adverse drug reactions and adverse drug events) with regards to prevalence, causes and main risk factors involved.

Additionally, the meta-analysis did not seem a valid option from our perspective although we tried initially. Souza et al. 4 suggested carrying out meta-analysis for 17 studies out of the 45. However, we have considered meta-analysis as a package which is either to be done for all studies or to be ignored due to the irrelevance 6.

Moreover, we have carried out the normality and heterogeneity tests and the data did not show a normal distribution. Therefore, we have used median and IQR instead of mean and confidence interval 7.

We would like to thank Souza et al. 4 again for the interest they showed regarding our review.


In this paper we present some preliminary results on an optical-flow based technique aimed at recovering the cloud-top height from infra-red image sequences. This work has been carried out in the context of the development of the "Extreme Universe Space Observatory" mission (EUSO), an ESA led international mission for the investigation of the nature and origin of Extreme Energy Cosmic Rays. The knowledge of the cloud scenario is critical to measure the primary energy and the composition of EECRs. In this work we explore the feasibility for the cloud-top height recovery, of a technique based on a robust multi-resolution optical-flow algorithm. The robustness is achieved adopting a Least Median of Squares paradigm. The algorithm has been tested on semi-synthetic data (i.e. real data that have been synthetically warped in order to have a reliable ground truth for the motion field), and on real short sequences (pairs of frames) coming from the ATSR2 data set. Since we assumed the same geometry as for the ATSR2 data, the cloud top height could be recovered from the motion field by means of the widely used Prata and Turner equation.


This article advocates the development of a coordinated clinical team within a primary care practice. Research has shown that a clinical team achieves better outcomes with patient health than individual work alone. The article encourages practices to get buy-in from all team members and to set reasonable clinical goals.


The most common defect in cystic fibrosis, deletion of phenylalanine from position 508 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ΔF508 CFTR), decreases the trafficking of this protein to the cell surface membrane. Previous studies have shown that low temperature and high concentrations of glycerol or trimethylamine N-oxide can partially counteract the processing defect of ΔF508 CFTR. The present study investigates whether physiologically relevant concentrations of organic solutes, accumulated by cotransporter proteins, can rescue the misprocessing of ΔF508 CFTR. Myoinositol alone or myoinositol, betaine, and taurine given sequentially increased the processing of core-glycosylated, endoplasmic reticulum-arrested ΔF508 CFTR into the fully glycosylated form of CFTR in IB3 cells or NIH 3T3 cells stably expressing ΔF508 CFTR. Pulse-chase experiments using transiently transfected COS7 cells demonstrated that organic solutes also increased the processing of the core-glycosylated form of green fluorescent protein-ΔF508 CFTR. Moreover, the prolonged half-life of the complex-glycosylated form of GFP-ΔF508 CFTR suggests that this treatment stabilized the mature form of the protein. In vitro studies of purified NBD1 stability and aggregation showed that myoinositol stabilized both the ΔF508 and wild type CFTR and inhibited ΔF508 misfolding. Most significantly, treatment of CF bronchial airway cells with these transportable organic solutes restores cAMP-stimulated single channel activity of both CFTR and outwardly rectifying chloride channel in the cell surface membrane and also restores a forskolin-stimulated macroscopic 36Cl- efflux. We conclude that organic solutes can repair CFTR functions by enhancing the processing of ΔF508 CFTR to the plasma membrane by stabilizing the complex-glycosylated form of ΔF508 CFTR.


The elements for science and technology, talent and capital of Beijing and Tianjin are dense, and the resources for land, labor, and ecology are rich. It has endowment basis and complementary advantages to modern agriculture regional cooperation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei modern agricultural cooperation has obvious effect in recent years. But on the other hand, there are four restricting factors, including cooperation consciousness, collaborative innovation, capital circulation as well as unified policy. To further strengthen modern agriculture regional cooperation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, there are five strategies including the planning of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agricultural, the formation of trans-regional agricultural chain, the construction of agricultural science and technology value chain, the rapid advance of market integration, development of the system and policy innovation.


Agricultural greenhouse gas emissions have a significant effect on global warming.It is impossible to slowing global climate change without low-carbon agriculture.The SWOT method is used to analysis the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and challenges of low-carbon agricultural development in Guangdong and some suggestions about low-carbon development are come from low-carbon technologies,system innovation and behavior to guide in the paper.


Differently substituted styrylquinoline derivatives (6-9) were synthesized by condensation of quinaldine (1) and corresponding substituted benzaldehydes (2-5). Their relative configuration at C11-C12 and coupling patterns were determined by NMR techniques.