Communication technology has contributed to any social change, from printing press, to internet which include social media. The Internet presence plays an important role in social events such as Revolution in Egypt, Arabic Spring in Middle east. In Indonesia, social media creates social cohesion as seen in the conflict between Corruption Eradication Commission of Indonesia (KPK) versus National Police or case of "Gecko vs Crocodile", and "Coins for Prita ". This paper will discuss the social media phenomenon and explain who get the most benefit from it. The results shows that participants feel having the freedom to participate in public space, circulate media content, and establish friendships. Actually, what happens in social media is exploitation by the conglomerates to media users. Participating in social networking media such as uploading of video, audio or article is like the unpaid workers. Social networking media owners benefit from the ads. instead. Youtube benefits from advertisers, and facebook and other social media do too. Contrarily, users do not realize that their activities are part of the elite media economic interests. Furthermore, in cyberspace, there is panoptic surveillance: participants are being monitored by the media, although they do not perceive it.


New data on Iranian spiders is provided based on 92 specimens collected from the interiors or surroundings of 27 caves. These specimens belong to 17 species in nine families, of which five species are described as new to science: Tegenaria pallens Zamani & Marusik, sp. n. (♂♀; Gakal Cave, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad Province) (Agelenidae); Dysdera elamana Zamani & Marusik, sp. n. (♂; Barreh Zard Cave, Ilam Province); and Harpactea zagros Zamani & Marusik, sp. n. (♂; Raad-e Gharbi Cave, Ilam Province) (both Dysderidae); Troglohyphantes megagynus Zamani & Marusik, sp. n. (♀; Kabootarlan Cave, Ilam Province) (Linyphiidae); and Mesiotelus iranicus Zamani & Marusik, sp. n. (♀; Mir Melas Cave, Lorestan Province) (Liocranidae). Additionally, two genera, Scotargus Simon, 1913 and Odontodrassus Jézéquel, 1965, and three species, Odontodrassus mundulus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) and Synaphosus syntheticus (Chamberlin, 1924) (both Gnaphosidae), and Scotargus pilosus Simon, 1913 (Linyphiidae), are recorded in Iran for the first time. The newly described and recorded species are accompanied by illustrations.


Static dipole polarizability functions (α∥ and α⊥) and thermally averaged isotropic polarizabilities (α) of Li2, Na2, and K2 in their electronic ground states have been obtained from all‐electron SCF+valence CI calculations which include core polarization effects by use of an effective potential. As a function of internuclear separation, α⊥ shows a monotonic increase in all three cases while α∥ exhibits a pronounced maximum at about 1.5 Re. For T=300 K, we find α(Li2)=214, α(Na2)=262, and α(K2)=477 a.u. Our results, to which we attribute an uncertainty of 2%, support the measured value for the average polarizability of Li2 [R. W. Molof et al., J. Chem. Phys. 61, 1816 (1974)] but disagree with their results for Na2 and K2. For these dimers, Molof 's mean experimental values appear to be in error by 33% and 18%, respectively.


Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiol derivatives have been used to control the anchoring of nematic films of alkylcyanobiphenyl (nCB) liquid crystals. Variation of the surface field, via the ω-functional group presented at the liquid crystal interface, has allowed us to explore both orientational wetting and anchoring transitions. It is found that low-energy CF3 surfaces give rise to homeotropic anchoring of 8CB whilst CO2H and OH terminated surfaces yield planar anchoring. The anchoring transition lies close to 5CB on CF3- and 8CB on CH3-terminated surfaces. The molecular alignment in the interfacial region is studied using a modified evanescent wave ellipsometric approach in which the position of the Brewster angle represents our integrated order parameter. We find complete orientational wetting by homeotropic nematic films at the substrate/isotropic fluid interface, for sufficiently low energy surfaces. In contrast, in our systems, planar anchoring is not associated with orientational wetting.


In Coetzee's short fiction, The Novel in Africa, Elizabeth Costello challenges the notion of "Africanness" as "a special identity, a special fate" (1999: 5). Her critique of Africa's "mystique" - as the cradle of orality and performance - is a refreshing riposte. Other more debilitating prejudices afflict Africa. By challenging Africa's uniqueness, one is better able to address the interpenetration of putatively distinct fates and destinies. Achille Mbembe's (2002) disclaimer, that "colonization was a co-invention", forcefully affirms this point.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of executive severance contract maturity policies on the likelihood of forced turnover and the length of tenure for CEOs who are forced from their positions. Design/methodology/approach - The paper utilizes logistic and accelerated failure time models to test the hypothesis that severance contracts decrease information asymmetries resulting in an increased likelihood of forced turnover and a shortened tenure for those CEOs who are forced out. Findings - The results provide evidence that fixed-term severance contracts increase the likelihood of forced tenure and decrease the length of tenure for CEOs who experience a forced turnover during the period, while time-independent contracts do not. Research limitations/implications - The limitation is the possibility that an omitted variable jointly determines the likelihood of the presence of a severance contract and the effect on forced turnover. Future research should investigate other possibilities beyond the CEO coming from outside of the firm. Practical implications - The findings confirm that the maturity policies of severance contracts affect forced turnover. The results suggest that there may be a benefit in designing severance contracts to expire to encourage more efficient turnover of underperforming CEOs. Originality/value - This paper contributes to the empirical corporate finance and accounting literature by differentiating between forced and unforced turnover when analyzing the effects of severance contracts and demonstrating that the time dimension of severance contracts may provide the desired result of encouraging the identification of CEO-firm mismatches.


Methylene blue 7.5 mg/kg is frequently given at our institution during parathyroidectomy. The dye preferentially stains the parathyroids so as to provide better surgical visualization. Other than causing a pseudocyanosis, the technique is generally considered to be rather innocuous. We report a case of a patient who, after this procedure, had a postoperative course that was unusual because of slowly resolving altered mental status.


In general universities ,sprinters need to face some problems,such as the backwardness of equipment ,the short of training time,the lowness of academic level,the extrusive contradiction between learning and training.To solve these problems,we establish scientific training plans and means,and put forward the dualistic method for sport training and mentality transform.


The present invention relates to a method for producing a useful silica as reinforcing filler in rubber composite material, according to the present invention for processing into a plasma to modify the surface of the silica to a hydrophobic state at normal temperature and pressure, the interfacial adhesion between the silica and other materials for it is possible to significantly improve, it can be advantageously used in various industries such as automobile tires, shoes and belts. In addition, the plasma treatment process according to the invention is hydrophobic to hydrophilic silica at a low cost in a short period of time to enable the in-line (in-line) process because performed yet friendly does not use an organic solvent environment, under normal temperature and pressure without the need for vacuum modification may be.


Abstract Optical properties of periodic amorphous semicondctor multilayers can be understood by the effective medium treatment. Once the randomness is introduced to amorphous semiconductor multilayers, two effects of the randomness on the optical spectra are observed. One is a distortion of the interference patterns in transmittance and reflectance spectra. The other is the appearance of a randomness-related anomalous peak in the reflectance spectrum whose height increases with the randomness in the thickness of the well or the barrier layers. These effects are studied experimentally and by the simulation, and explained by the classical localization of the light propagation. The prospects for the application of the random multilayers studied in this work are discussed briefly.


The present invention using the attracting force, repulsive force of the magnet, a power transmission device for reducing the power loss in the pass to the driven-side power from the driving side, connected between the pair of magnets (1) coupled to the drive side to the driven-side and facing the magnet (2) in a non-contact state, thereby reciprocating the magnet (2) connected to the driven-side rotation of the magnet (1) connected to the drive side. A magnet (1, 2) may be a rod-shaped magnet (1) is connected to the driving side is rotated at the center of the rod-like length. Power transmission, magnetic


We have previously shown that null cell ALL (sheep erythrocyte receptor -ve, surface immunoglobulin -ve) to be either human B lymphocyte antigen (HBLA) positive or human T lymphocyte antigen (HTLA) positive (Blood 49: 371, 1977). Thirty children with HBLA+ve null cell ALL were further studied for the presence or absence of FcR on the leukemic blast cells by rosette formation with ox erythrocytes sensitized with IgG or IgM rabbit antibody. Twenty-two were FcR-ve. Eight were IgM FcR+ve. None had IgG FcR. Of the various poor prognostic parameters examined the two groups differed only with respect to sex distribution (Table). Males were predominantly FcR-ve and an unexpectedly higher number of females were FcR+ve, P= 0.048. The complete remission rate at 3 years did not differ significantly in the two groups.*These data suggest that within the HBLA+ve null cell leukemia heterogeneity exists with respect to FcR positivity. FcR- phenotype is more common. The FcR+ group had an unexpectedly higher number of females. The clinical significance of this heterogeneity is still to be determined.*P = 0.11


With the development of the Internet of Things, communication between diverse devices has become a common practice. The huge growth of IoT devices and the different characteristics of IoT traffic patterns have attracted attention to traffic classification solutions to solve the problems that arise in IoT applications. This paper proposed an IoT traffic classification system using deep learning method. The main work of our framework, Focal_Attention_LSTM, is as follows: (1) Apply the LDA feature processing algorithm. (2) Adapted the well-performed attention mechanism to the IoT traffic classification area (3) Modified focal loss is used to address common traffic category unbalances and hard example learning problems. We evaluate our system with IoT dataset BoT-IoT. The experimental results show that our system achieves 3.6% improvements compared to traditional feature processing methods and deep learning models, and has effectively solved the traffic category unbalance problem.


Extended twinning bands with their walls oriented parallel to the c axis of layered GeSe crystals seem to influence considerably the electrical conductivity of this material at low temperatures. The ratio σ∥/σ⊥ of the conductivities on the layer plane measured parallel and normal to the twinning bands is thermally activated. This behavior leads to a value for the barrier height h of 18 meV. On the other hand, ac measurements in the same directions clearly show that the conductivity anisotropy vanishes at higher frequencies, thus permitting a rough estimation of the effective thickness of the walls.Extended twinning bands with their walls oriented parallel to the c axis of layered GeSe crystals seem to influence considerably the electrical conductivity of this material at low temperatures. The ratio σ∥/σ⊥ of the conductivities on the layer plane measured parallel and normal to the twinning bands is thermally activated. This behavior leads to a value for the barrier height h of 18 meV. On the other hand, ac measurements in the same directions clearly show that the conductivity anisotropy vanishes at higher frequencies, thus permitting a rough estimation of the effective thickness of the walls.


Routes developed for the syntheses of σ-acetylide complexes of tungsten, iron, nickel, copper and silver include reactions of metal halide complexes with alk-1-ynes in organic amines, with copper(I) halides as catalysts, or in methanol in the presence of sodium methoxide. Yields range from good to excellent, and the reactions are generally simpler to carry out than previous methods.


An integration and dialectical reading of Hans Loewald's developmental theory is offered, demonstrating his ability to bridge theoretical dualisms. He maintains yet revises Freud's structural model and dual instinct theory in a way which embraces developmental and relational perspectives.


Objective To investigate the renal parenchyma with quantitative shear-wave ultrasound elasticity technique,in order to observe the value of elastography in chronic kidney disease.Methods Shear-wave ultrasound elasticity imaging were performed in 57 chronic kidney disease patients and 60 healthy people.The quantitative elasticity value of renal parenchyma were measured and compared.Results The elasticity value of renal parenchyma in chronic kidney disease was(6.363±2.944)kPa,26%(15/57)of which was in the 5.0-6.0 kPa,whereas of renal parenchyma in control group was(3.671±1.861)kPa,18%(11/60)of which was in the 1.5-2.0 kPa,which statistically significant difference(t=8.402,P=0.000).Conclusions The quantitative elasticity value of renal parenchyma in chronic kidney disease was higher than that in control group.Shear-wave ultrasound elasticity imaging could provide additional information in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease.


ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this paper is integrated tolerance design process by advantages of engineering design and 6 sigma statistical tolerances design.Methods: Integrated tolerance design process can determine the goals by using engineer's experience and clarify tolerance by 6 Sigma statistical methods. Integrated design process can be applied by using non-linear simulations. Results: We applied integrated design process to the optical disc drive spindle motor and get good result. Conclusion: If this method is applied test method in the early stages of development, then Design can be reduced development time and cost. Key Words: Integrated Tolerance Design Process, Engineering Design, 6 Sigma Statistical Tolerances Design, Optical Disc Drive Spindle Motor ● Received 31 July 2014, 1st revised 14 October 2014, accepted 15 October 2014Corresponding Author( firstname.lastname@example.com)ⓒ 2014, The Korean Society for Quality ManagementThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-Commercial use, distribution, and reproduction i n any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.* 본 연구는 2012학년도 서경대학교 교내연구비 지원에 의하여 이루어졌음


Radiography of the larynx in the anteroposterior projection is usually performed by tomography, the technique requiring a relatively long exposure time (0·5–1·0 second). Rethi's method (1912), which utilises a small film inserted into the hypopharynx, is not in general use. The following technique has been found useful.


Proof preserving is a system that the courts protect proof and ensure the ability to prove facts including proof preserving before action and in the procedure.The scope of this system is not perfect in our country,so that it must draw up me all-round system of proof preserving.In addition,it must improve the function of the proof preserving system.


Quantifying the yield response of crops to water inputs is important for establishing adequate irrigation scheduling strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate how different seasonal irrigation depths applied to corn (Zea mays L.) affected the soil water balance, corn water use, corn yield, and yield components in a semiarid climate. The study was conducted during 2005 at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln West Central Research and Extension Center at North Platte, NE. Six irrigation treatments were evaluated, which received incremental seasonal irrigation depths ranging from 53 to 254 mm using a subsurface drip irrigation system. For each treatment, a water balance approach was used to estimate several water variables, including daily and seasonal actual crop evapotranspiration (ETd), crop evapotranspiration when water is not limited (ETw), evaporation (E), transpiration (T), and deep percolation. All treatments were deficit-irrigated, and total water (soil water + rain + irrigation) was enough to produce seasonal ETd values between 81 and 98% of seasonal ETw. Seasonal irrigation affected ETd, especially its T component. Although E was a significant portion of ETd, it was mostly due to rainfall and was not affected by irrigation. Grain yield was linearly related to seasonal irrigation (yield = 0.0123x + 9.52, r 2 = 0.94), total water (yield = 0.0123x + 3.01, r 2 = 0.94), ETd (yield = 0.0212x - 1.77, r 2 = 0.85) and ETd/ETw (yield = 14.08x-1.37, r 2 = 0.89). Seasonal irrigation also affected grain moisture, grain test weight, stover moisture, and the dry weights of the stover, grain, and cob. The percent of the above-ground plant dry weight represented by each component (grain, stover, and cob) was practically constant among irrigation treatments. On average for all treatments, the grain, stover, and cob accounted for 57.9 (= harvest index), 33.5 and 8.6 % of the above-ground plant dry weight, respectively.


Grassman variables are used to construct a Lagrangian that is invariant with respect to the internal local group O (n) and describes the mechanics of a mass with spin n/2.


I am writing in response to your readers panel debate on whether 'damaged individuals' should be allowed into the profession (November 24).


Cutaneous melanoma (CM) has become a major public health concern. Studies illustrate that minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) participate in various diseases including skin disease. Our study aimed to study the effects of MCM7 silencing on CM cell autophagy and apoptosis by modulating the AKT threonine kinase 1 (AKT1)/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signaling pathway. Initially, microarray analysis was used to screen the CM‐related gene expression data as well as differentially expressed genes. Subsequently, MCM7 expression vector and lentivirus RNA used for MCM7 silencing (LV‐shRNA‐MCM7) were constructed, and these vectors, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and AKT activator SC79 were then introduced into CM cell line SK‐MEL‐2 to validate the role of MCM7 in cell autophagy, viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion. To further investigate the regulatory mechanisms of MCM7 in CM progress, the expression of MCM7, AKT1, mTOR, cyclin D1, as well as autophagy and apoptosis relative factors, such as LC3B, SOD2, DJ‐1, p62, Bcl‐2, Bax, and caspase‐3 in melanoma cells was determined. MCM7 might mediate the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway to influence the progress of melanoma. MCM7 silencing contributed to the increased expression of Bax, capase‐3, and autophagy‐related genes (LC3B, SOD2, and DJ‐1), but decreased the expression of Bcl‐2, which suggested that MCM7 silencing promoted autophagy and cell apoptosis. At the same time, MCM7 silencing also attenuated cell viability, invasion, and migration, and reduced the cyclin D1 expression and protein levels of p‐AKT1 and p‐mTOR. Taken together, MCM7 silencing inhibited CM via inactivation of the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway.


We report the unusual association between a large olfactory groove meningioma and cervical syringomyelia which disappeared after surgical removal of the supratentorial tumor. The association of syrinx with supratentorial large tumors may be explained by the same mechanism that is involved in cases of syringomyelia associated with posterior fossa tumor or with Chiari malformation, i.e. impaction of herniated tonsils and brainstem at the foramen magnum with obliteration of the CSF space.


o i t PAIN AFTER THORACOTOMY is severe, often leading to significant respiratory complications and postoperative morbidity.1 The quality of postoperative analgesia is a major eterminant of post-thoracotomy pulmonary function.2 Currently, thoracic epidural analgesia is used widely in the management of post-thoracotomy pain3 and is the standard against which other modes of analgesia are compared. Epidural analgesia, however, can be limited because of the resulting sympathectomy and side effects of neuraxial opioids. There is an emerging body of evidence suggesting that thoracic paravertebral catheters are comparable in efficacy to epidural catheters with fewer side effects.4-6 Paravertebral catheters additionally ffer the potential benefit of being placed in patients who are enied thoracic epidural analgesia because of the risk of epiural hematoma. However, prospective data to support this laim do not exist. The authors report a case of a patient ndergoing thoracotomy whose thrombocytopenia (platelet ount of 72 103/ L) represented a relative contraindication o epidural analgesia. Using real-time ultrasound guidance, a horacic paravertebral catheter was placed successfully and sed for postoperative analgesia.


The formation mechanism of orange valvule-like pinhole in rolled aluminium foil was investigated by using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and energy dispersion X-ray spectrum.The results show that the compounds composed of element K,Cl and Ca exists in the deep concave of matt surface wave of the foil,where oil pit always occurs.However,oil pit does not always correspond to pinhole defect.Pinhole forms by running through the trough in the matt side and the corresponding position of oil pit in the bright side.The compounds increase the matt surface roughness,thus increasing the probability of pinhole formation.The pinhole quantity can be decreased by decreasing roller surface roughness before pack rolling,and controlling oil quantity,and performing proper heat treatment to the foil.


The half-Heusler compounds YPdBi and TbPdBi, while having similar band structure, exhibit different magnetic properties. YPdBi is a diamagnet, while TbPdBi shows antiferromagnetic order below 5.5 K. Both are superconductors with T${_c}\approx$1 K for YPdBi and T${_c}\approx$1.75 K for TbPdBi. Such a contrast in properties between these two compounds opens a question about the effects of band structure or magnetic correlations on superconductivity. Using the combination of a tunnel diode oscillator (TDO) and a commercial dilution refrigerator, we measured temperature dependent magnetic penetration depth $\Delta\lambda(T)$ in single crystals of YPdBi and TbPdBi, down to temperatures as low as 0.1K. We found that penetration depths of both compounds do not show exponential temperature dependence and saturation at low temperatures, as expected for conventional BCS superconductors. Instead, in both compounds, the penetration depth can be described by a power law $\Delta\lambda(T) = A\times T^{n}$. The coefficient A was found to be about 50$\%$ smaller in TbPdBi, but the exponents are very similar, $n = 2.76\pm 0.04$ in YPdBi and $n = 2.6\pm 0.3$ in TbPdBi, respectively. Our results suggest unconventional superconductivity in both YPdBi and TbPdBi.


The present invention provides a high level to meet the new dispersion stabilizer for suspension polymerization using a dispersion stabilizer performance claims. The dispersion stabilizer for suspension polymerization method for producing a vinyl compound of the present invention is manufactured containing a vinyl alcohol polymer (A), and a dispersion stabilizer for suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound used, which comprises the following step: saponification degree of 60 mol% or more, the block properties of the residual acetic acid groups of the vinyl alcohol polymer (B) in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 under an atmosphere of an oxygen concentration of 8000ppm or less a heat treatment at a temperature of 90-180 deg.] C of 0.5 to 20 hours, whereby the above-described manufacturing process of the vinyl alcohol polymer (a) is.


The strength of the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate ESMD Faculty Project lies in its ability to meet National Aeronautics Space Administration NASA's Strategic Educational Outcome 1 by developing a sustainable and long-term integration of student involvement at academic institutions with all NASA Centers. This outcome is achieved by a three-fold approach: 1) by collecting Senior Design projects pertaining to Constellation work performed at each of the ten NASA Centers, 2) by engaging students at Minority Serving Institutions in the art of systems engineering and systems design of technologies required for space exploration, and 3) by identifying potential internships at each Center relative to exploration that provide students who are supported by their institutional Space Grant to engage in on-going mission-level and explorative systems designs. The objectives of the ESMD Faculty Project are to: 1. Aid the Centers (both Education Offices and associated technical organizations) in providing relevant opportunities for the ESMD Space Grant Program to support student and faculty in Senior Design projects 2. Enable better matches between the ESMD work required and what the Space Grant Consortia can do to effectively contribute to NASA programs 3. Provide the Space Grant Consortia an opportunity to strengthen relations with the NASA Centers 4. Develop better collective understanding of the U.S. Space Exploration Policy by the Center, Space Grant, faculty, Education Office, and students 5. Enable Space Grant institution faculty to better prepare their students to meet current and future NASA needs 6. Enable the Center Education Offices to strengthen their ties to their technical organizations and Space Grant Consortia 7. Aid KSC in gaining a greater and more detailed understanding of each of the Center activities Senior Design projects are intended to stimulate undergraduate students on current NASA activities related to lunar, Mars, and other planetary missions and to bring out innovative and novel ideas that can be used to complement those currently under development at respective NASA Centers. Additionally, such academic involvement would better the prospects for graduating seniors to pursue graduate studies and to seek careers in the space industry with a strong sense for systems engineering and understanding of design concepts. Internships, on the other hand, are intended to provide hands-on experience to students by engaging them in diverse state-of-the-art technology development, prototype bread-boarding, computer modeling and simulations, hardware and software testing, and other activities that provide students a strong perspective of NASA's vision and mission in enhancing the knowledge of Earth and space planetary sciences. Ten faculty members, each from a Space Grant Consortium-affiliated university, worked at ten NASA Centers for five weeks between June 2 and July 3, 2008. The project objectives listed above were achieved. In addition to collecting data on Senior Design ideas and identifying possible internships that would benefit NASA/ESMD, the faculty fellows promoted and collected data when required for other ESMD-funded programs and helped the Center's Education Office, as,needed. 4


Suffolk County Council, UK, has plans for a �15M package to improve pedestrian and cycling facilities and bus services with a comprehensive urban traffic management and control (UTMC) system. The plans are needed to increase the capacity of the town's roads to meet the expected increase in population. The 1960s inner-ring road is approaching capacity on many sections at peak periods. The plan is to extend the current bus loop eastwards, allowing Upper Brook Street, the main thoroughfare, to be pedestrianised. The two current bus stations will be upgraded and improvements will be made to bus corridors and bus priority with the aim of increasing public transport usage by 30-40%. The new UTMC could reduce traffic volumes by directing drivers into free car parking spaces whilst giving bus priority at problem junctions. Work is beginning on three interconnected streets in the 'Ipswich Village' quarter to encourage more careful driving and greater pedestrian use. White lines, signs, double yellow lines and pedestrian guardrails will be removed and new lighting will be provided. The colour, texture and layout of the carriageway materials will emphasise the change in environment.


This paper presents an interactive cutting-plane algorithm for determining a best-compromise solution to a multiobjective optimization problem in situations with an implicitly defined utility function. We derive cutting planes that are based on suitable pairwise trade-offs between the objective functions, as prescribed by the decision maker at each iterate generated by the algorithm. The proposed algorithm requires no line searches, and generates iterates that are all contained in the efficient frontier. This feature facilitates the preference judgment of the decision maker, and permits an analyst to terminate short of optimality with an efficient near-optimal solution. A convergence analysis establishes that any accumulation point generated by the algorithm is a best-compromise solution. We also conduct an error analysis to point out the effect of inconsistencies in trade-off information provided by the decision maker. The algorithm may be extended to situations involving nonconvex feasible regions, as well as nonconcave for a max problem objective functions. We offer remarks for such cases, and describe an application to an urban runoff control-design problem.


BACKGROUND Acne scar treatment remains a challenge in the medical literature. It is very difficult to compare the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches because of the lack of consensus regarding acne scar description and classification. OBJECTIVE To establish a morphologic classification of acne scars and to assess the efficacy of different therapeutic options based on scar type. METHODS During an 8-year period, 228 patients were prospectively studied. Their acne scars were morphologically classified and customized, staged rehabilitation programs were established for each patient. The assessment of treatment efficacy was conducted 18 months after the end of treatment and was based on patients' and physicians' opinions ranked on a semiquantitative basis as percentage of improvement from baseline. RESULTS Among the 168 patients who finished the study, 26 completed three stages of the treatment plan, and 142 were submitted to one or two therapeutic stages, depending on lesion types. Eighty-six percent of the patients considered the results excellent or good compared with 76% by the authors and 78% by three independent dermatologic surgeons. CONCLUSION The classification and the staged therapeutic plan for acne scarred patients facilitated treatment and improved outcomes and may allow development of protocols by comparing results among different authors.


1. Fifteen new cases of plasma cell tumour are reported with a review of the literature. 2. Case examples are quoted to show the gradual merging of the different clinical and pathological syndromes into one entity. 3. A comprehensive analysis of the various manifestations of the disease is made. 4. An attempt is made to correlate the widely differing features of the disease-process and a classification is given. 5. It is considered that metastasis plays no part in this condition. 6. The variety of forms of plasma cell tumours are shown as gradations of an essentially similar disease-process, and are not regarded as separate conditions.


This paper aims to research the social roles of Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) from 1988. the time of change in religious policy under Mikhail Gorvachev to 1998. From this year onwards, believers began to realize that they could engage in previously forbidden activities such as charitable and welfare work, running Sunday schools, painting christian literature. and so on. It also demonstrates how these areas of activities were influenced by the social changes. The new 'Law of Freedom of conscience' adopted in 1990 was to apply equally to all religions. but from its inception the Russian Orthodox Church was well to the fore. Paper begins with the review of ROC's pastoral activities, and shows how they are related to revival of the Church. Especially ROC as the largest and most prominent religious organization in Russia had already begun to seize advantage of new opportunities. Its demands for massive restoration of churches were illustrated as a request for the spiritual and cultural revival of Russia. And this kind of demands was frequently developed to insist on the full return of the land and monastery to the Church. The return of churches in ruins and requiring restoration gave ROC chance to call for state assistance for sharing monuments of religious culture with believers and granting the Church on a legal basis the status of educational or charitable centers. The second stage of the social activities of ROC commenced with the social and moral crises of society. Believers were called upon to help with problems of tragic disasters. like the Chernovil' explosion of 1986 and the Armenian earthquake of 1989. Recently. regarding its charitable activities as useful opportunity to introduce religious teaching to unbelievers in difficulties. ROC has interest in enlargement of its share in social activities. Perhaps education is the biggest challenge of all areas of the ROC's work. It requires vast human as well as financial resources. In addition to expanding academies and universities for higher theological education. a number of Orthodox schools for general education and Sunday schools for parishioners began to open in 1990s. In the spite of the general extension of its socially useful activities the ROC has put emphasis on spiritual rebirth of believers. which causes an argument about appreciation of its social role. The restrictions enforced on individual priests and parishes are no longer those of the communist regime but come from with the church itself.


[Objective] To explore the feasibility and effect of GDF-5 on promoting chondrogenesis of pellets generated from human bone marrow mcenchymal stem cells. [Methods]hMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro,and the cells from passage 3 were used in this study.hMSCs were randomly divided into five groups according to the kinds of induction medium-serum-free DMEM-H,chondrogenic medium supplemented with 10,20,50,and 100 ng/ml GDF-5.Cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope.The proliferation of hMSCs was investigated by MTT assay.At two weeks of culture,cells were re-suspended.Pellets were constructed by centrifugation at a density of 5×106/ml,and then cultured for another three weeks.RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of mRNA of type Ⅱ collagen.Immunohistochemistry and toluidine blue staining were performed to detect the expression of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan. [Results]Most hMSCs exhibited a long fusiform shape.The hMSCs induced with 100 ng/ml GDF-5 showed a round or polygonal shape.After another two-weeks induction,mRNA of type Ⅱ collagen was not expressed in group A,type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan,and the expression of mRNA of type Ⅱ collagen,type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan in other four groups kept increasing in concentration-dependent manner.There were significant differences between them(P0.05). [Conclusion] Treated with a certain concentration of GDF-5,expression of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan in the pellets was increased in concentration-dependent manner.And the pellets prossessed some biological functions similar to normal cartilage.


During the last years network neutrality has become an important regulatory policy issue in Europe and the United States. The 2009 EU telecom reform was in the center of attempts by content providers to introduce net neutrality regulations. However, these efforts were not fruitful as minimalist approach for tackling a wide range of issues related to network neutrality prevailed in the final version of telecom package. This outcome is result of interaction of interests, ideas, institutions and uncertainty which created unfriendly environment for potential network neutrality legislation. As a result perceived interests of network operators prevailed over the interests of content providers in this new emerged regulatory regime.


OBJECTIVE To establish a quality standard of Levofloxacin ophthalmic gel.METHODS A XTerra RP18 radial compression column was used,with a mobile phase of 0.1% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile(87∶13).RESULTS The linear range of levofloxacin was 10.12~50.60μg·mL-1(r=0.9999)and the average recovery was 99.36%,RSD=0.99%.CONCLUSION This method was simple and feasible for the quality control of levofloxacin ophthalmic gel.


Health of children mouth and tooth not get out of the influence of physical environment especially water and human builder factor. Degree of total flour in optimal drinking water can prevent prevalence carries in children tooth. This research aims is to identify health of mouth and tooth is seen from child residence of physical environment. Design of research is descriptive, sample taking use random sampling with respondent total 63 children from 30% from 210 populations. Data taking with questioner and observation that done at SD Muhamadiyah 1 Malang. Result conclusion that is degree of physical environment flour in children's drinking water that has consumed by children from PDAM, well, and package not yet optimal or not either due still be 1 mg/l. While physical environment supplementary factor is 96,82% house water supplies is , 95,23% house far of river, 88,88% there are ventilation, 87,30% sunshine can enter house easily, 93,65% has kitchen and living room. While result of child density aspect and food election mean still under 70%, so the result is unfavorable. From this watchfulness is society supposed gets information about the important flour towards mouth well-being and child tooth, besides watch over child tooth quality obtainable from health food election.


Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is an increasingly popular web service for paying people small rewards to do human computation tasks. Current uses of MTurk typically post independent parallel tasks. This research explores an alternative iterative paradigm, in which workers build on each other's work. We run a couple of experiments comparing the efficacy of this paradigm in two different problem domains: image description writing, and brainstorming company names.


In the course of their practice, many lawyers help entrepreneurs form legal entities through which the entrepreneurs will conduct new business ventures. The entity serves as the legal structure for the business venture; it might be a partnership, a limited liability partnership, a limited partnership, a limited liability limited partnership, a limited liability company, or one of the several different types of corporations. When entrepreneurs first contact lawyers, the entrepreneurs have a business venture in mind but no legal entity through which to conduct the business. If all goes well, the end product of the collaboration between the lawyers and the entrepreneurs will be a legally-recognized entity with an owner or co-owners, some financial wherewithal, a set of duly authorized constituents who can act on behalf of the entity, rules for its governance, and, perhaps, a lawyer of its own. The formation process is governed by the substantive law applicable to the particular type of entity being formed. Hence, the lawyer who is assisting the entrepreneur will do so with an eye cast more broadly on the law governing the various entities that might be used for the proposed business venture. Part of the formation process occurs before the entity exists as a matter of law, and part takes place after the entity's legal birth.


Industrial symbiosis is a model of sustainability which suggests that agglomerations of industries can achieve considerable environmental benefits by engaging in inter-organisational waste recycling, energy cascading and water recovery. This article considers how such a complex inter-organisational model for environmental management can be mobilised across different industrial localities. It is suggested that companies engaged in industrial symbiosis activities at one production locality may be more inclined to engage in symbiotic activities when entering a new production locality. The industrial symbiosis model may in this way be mobilised across industrial localities as part of the global corporate search for marked access and cost reductions. This suggestion is supported by an illustrative case study shedding some light on the mechanisms for mobilising sustainability models across localities.


In this paper we present a shooting method in combination with a hybrid Newton–Picard method to compute efficiently the periodic states of cyclically operated chemical processes. The merits of the method are investigated by considering the computation of the periodic states of a rapid pressure swing adsorption system and of a cooled reverse-flow reactor.We show that these periodically forced chemical processes exhibit low-dimensional dynamics. The Newton–Picard method is designed to make efficient use of this low-dimensional dynamics of the chemical processes. In addition the Newton–Picard method is able to determine the stability of the computed periodic states. As an illustration of the efficiency of the method, we compute a branch of periodic states for the reverse flow reactor.


'Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Perth, western Australia, 'National Ageing Research Institute, and Royal Park Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, 3School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, 'School of Primary Aboriginal and Rural Health Care, University of Western Australia, Broome, Western Australia, 5Kimberley Aboriginal Medical Services Council, Broome, Western Australia, •school of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of western Australia, Perth, western Australia, and 'Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Academic Unit Old Age Psychiatry, St Vincent's Health, Victoria, Australia


. In the democratic state of Brazil, the growing desire for information transparency exposes Government and Society in complementary roles. Society is anxious for data increasingly free and democratic, on the other hand, Government has to ensure not only the transparency, but also consistency and reliability of information provided. In this context, this paper aims at presenting a System to Integrate Government News - an environment that allows searching of articles published by government agencies and also provides ways for the Government assess whether their communication actions comply with reporting criteria of appropriateness to public messages..


We hypothesised that there would be greater deficiencies in the quality and quantity of close personal relationship and social support in "neurotic" than in "endogenous" depressives, and that the relation between support and recovery would be stronger in the former. One hundred and thirty men and women who contacted hospital psychiatric services with depression were interviewed, and 119 (92%) reinterviewed after approximately 4 months. The association between the type of depression and deficiencies in social relationship was not impressive. However, differences were apparent in the prognostic implications of social relationship. For "neurotic" depressives, about half the social support variables assessed were significantly related to outcome, whereas the only significant predictor for "endogenous" cases was the presence of a close confidant. The results argue for further research on social support in clinical samples of acute depression.


A large number of cases of melanoma exhibit clinical and dermoscopic clues leading to the correct diagnosis; however, sometimes melanoma can mimic benign melanocytic and non‐melanocytic lesions. We present a small series of melanomas in which additional clues provided by confocal microscopy increased the index of suspicion and prompted us to perform an excisional biopsy. Practical rules that are useful in difficult‐to‐diagnose melanomas are discussed.


Titanium and its alloys are widely used in the medical field. In particular, β-titanium has been the topic of much research due to its low rigidity and a Young's modulus which is close to that of cortical bone. This research aimed to evaluate corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of Ti-Cr and Ti-Zr alloys. Firstly, specimens were tested for corrosion in a standard artificial saliva solution and an artificial saliva solution containing NaF. The surfaces of the specimens were analyzed by SEM and ESCA. In order to conduct the biocompatibility test, the MG-63 was cultured 1, 4 and 7 days. The cell growth morphology was observed by SEM. In addition, MTT assay was used to estimate biocompatibility. The results of corrosion test showed that the corrosion potential (Ecorr) and corrosion current density (Icorr) of different specimens were not significantly different (p<0.01) in the standard artificial saliva. In contrast, in the artificial saliva containing 0.5 wt% NaF, Ti-30Cr showed higher Ecorr values and lower Icorr and passive current density values than all other alloys, which indicates generally superior corrosion resistance. In general, the Ti-Cr alloys showed good corrosion resistance. In contrast, none of the Ti-Zr alloys showed adequate corrosion resistance in artificial saliva containing NaF. Further, ESCA analysis showed that all specimens formed surface oxide films, but only in trh case of the Ti-Cr specimens did this appear to have a positive effect. On the other hand, MG-63 cell growth on all specimens showed good biocompatibility.


that, under the due process clause of the Fifth, the federal government could not establish slavery anywhere else, or return fugitives. On the presumption that freedom was national the additional federal guarantees were to be stripped away and slavery contained as a local institution. The radical theorists, Alvan Stewart, Lysander Spooner and William Goodell, went further by pressing natural law arguments from Somerset and the Declaration of Independence harder as an interpretive framework for the constitution. It thus became anti-slavery in character and granted Congress power under due process and the privileges and immunities clause to destroy slavery wherever it existed. By contrast, Garrisonians accepted southern constitutional doctrine as correct and thus saw salvation, on the model of religious conversion (a parallel Wiecek misses), as requiring a complete break with the past either by a revolution in the constitution or disunion. Wiecek's book is a tightly argued analysis of doctrine but lacks an institutional dimension. Students of anti-slavery, the law, and the constitution, need to supplement it with Robert Cover's admirable Justice Accused (1975) which discusses the complex relation of the judiciary to anti-slavery. We still lack a proper study of lawyers and anti-slavery in this era of the increasing professionalization of the bar. Thus at present we can only see Stewart, Spooner and Goodell (two lawyers and a self-taught constitutional theorist) as eccentric individuals.


Central bank digital currencies projects are here discussed, according to a legal view, in order to capture analogies and differences from the Sovereign money and MMT theory of money. The features of complementary currencies are recalled so to emphasize the functions of money primarily accomplished by CBDC. Finally, the author draws conclusions on contemporary monetary law.


Neuroendovascular catheterization using fluoroscopy poses the problem to operators and staffs of cumulative radiation exposure. To solve this problem, we are developing a remote-controlled master-slave robot. Because a wire-like elongated treatment device is inserted into a blood vessel using a catheter, the robot requires a sensor to detect the insertion force of the wire. The proposed sensor is integrated into a robot installed in an X-ray fluoroscopy room that is remotely controlled from another room. The features of this sensor include measurement of the insertion force with sufficient accuracy, simple wire attachment, and an inexpensive disposable sensor head, rendering it very suitable for practical application. In this paper, we report on these features, as well as the results of a practical test of the sensor using a cerebrovascular model.


Substantial physiologic data point to a significant role for dilator prostanoids in the regulation of cerebral vascular tone in newborn pigs. This study begins to address the hypothesis that multiple dilator systems, including prostanoids, can provide for the initiation and maintenance of cerebral vasodilatation in response to hypotension. Piglets were anesthetized, and cranial windows were implanted. Hypotension was achieved by hemorrhage to 50% of the control arterial pressure and maintained for 10 min. Each piglet served as its own control by the induction of hypotension and return to normotension before treatment. Pial arterioles dilated (38 ± 5% increase in diameter) in response to hypotension. Pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v.) at 20 min and immediately before hypotension did not block this response (28 ± 7% and 23 ± 9% increase in diameter, respectively). In contrast, when indomethacin was administered 10 min into the hypotensive period, the dilated arterioles (106 ± 6 μm) constricted to the normotensive diameter (75 ± 5 μm) and remained constricted for the duration of the observation. These findings suggest that compensatory mechanisms provide for cerebral vasodilation when prostanoid synthesis and prostacyclin receptors are blocked before hemorrhagic hypotension. However, removal of prostanoids after vasodilation is established in response to hypotension causes constriction without compensation from alternative mechanisms. Awareness of these findings may be important when considering giving indomethacin to sick preterm infants during periods of cardiac instability.


Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous plant growth regulator of phenolic nature, which participates in the regulation of physiological processes in plants and also plays an important role in provoking plant resistance to various abiotic stresses. An experiment was therefore, conducted to evaluation the effect of exogenous application of SA on the changes of phytohormones and biomass of common bean under water stress conditions during 2011 in Iran. Seeds were soaked at various concentrations of SA (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mM) for 6 h. Then plants were subjected to normal and drought conditions. Drought decreased significantly endogenous auxin (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and cytokinin (CK) levels while increased abscisic acid (ABA) content. Water stress also reduced biomass production. SA-pretreatment (especially 0.5 mM) enhanced IAA, GA3 and CK levels whereas decreased ABA content under both conditions and so improved biomass production. Results suggest that SA can alleviate the adverse effects of drought in common bean via changes in levels of endogenous plant hormones.


Fine silica powders were prepaired by controlled hydrolysis of sodium silicate in vitriol solution and by grinding quarty sand in an agate pot respectively. The difference between silica particles, made by these two methods is characterized through SEM, XRD and DTA.


The present paper reports a newly recorded Asarum, A. satsumense F. Maekawa, collected from Taiwan. This species was for merely recorded as an endemic species in Kagoshima, southern Kyushu, Japan. However, recently it was found in northwestern Taiwan, Miaoli and Taichung Counties. Asarum satsumense resembles A. macranthum Hook. f. of Taiwan, but can be distinguished by having a more depressed pyriform perianth tube, larger perianth tube entrance, tessellate-reticulate apically but longitudinally thick-ridged basally inner surface of perianth tube (vs. tessellate throughout the inner wall), and denser supratectate warts on pollen grains. Taxonomic description, line drawing, pollen SEM plates, chromosome number, distribution information, and color photographs of floral characters of this newly recorded species are provided to aid its identification.


Sometime in –, when he and many of his fellow Puritans were anticipating themillennium, JohnCotton, then pastor at St. Botolph's Church in Boston, Lincolnshire, preached a series of sermons on the Song of Solomon. In  the sermons were published as A Brief Exposition Of the whole Book of Canticles, or, Song of Solomon; Lively describing the Estate of the Church in all the Ages thereof, both Jewish and Christian, to this day: And Modestly pointing at the Gloriousnesse of the restored Estate of the Church of the Iewes, and the happy accesse of the Gentiles in the approaching daies of Reformation, when the Wall of Partition shall bee taken away. A Work very usefull and seasonable to every Christian; but especially such as endeavour and thirst after the settling of Church and State, according to the Rule and Pattern of the Word of God.1 Asking his listeners—St. Botolph's could seat the entire town's population of three thousand—to journey with him in their imaginations back in space and time to stand on the ''mountaine of Activitie'' () with King Solomon, looking down the vistas of history to the church they now inhabited, Cotton told them that Solomon's ''sweet and precious, exquisite and amiable Resemblances, taken from the richest Jewels, the sweetest Spices, Gardens, Orchards,Vineyards, Winecellars, and the chiefest beauties of all the workes of God and Man'' (), enfolded the ''historicall prophecie or propheticall history'' () of the loving union of Christ and his church that would culminatewhen, as promised in the Book of Revelation, the New Jerusalem would descend like a bride. Warning them that they must not be distracted by the ''amourousnesse of the dittie'' (), Cotton, as he was to do some  years later in New England when he again preached on Canticles, nevertheless encouraged them to love Christ with ''Spirituall Concupiscence'' ( ).2


" go forth " for vaccination of the troops at Devonport, and their wives and children. The Home Secretary, moreover, has shown the very reverse of "abounding " sympathy with the sufferings of the conscientious "objector," and his action is "more than Pilate-like." Next, from the Education Department under Mr. Birrell, "letters are leing issued declining to sanction the "appointment of teachers unless they will be vacci"nated." But later on Mlr. Birrell, it is pointed out, indicated that local educational authorities might perhaps have to be allowed some relief if vaccinated teachers wer e unobtainable. Finally, " and worst of all," as the Inquirer moans, "MMr. John Burns is made the mouthpiece" of a Department which is alike "disingenuous," and "daring," and "crafty." All this is very dreadful, and it is no wonder the Inquirer weeps. Ordinarily it would swear, but its depression is too deep for expletives. Yet it is not without hope. It appeals to the Labour members, and declares that the M.P.s are moving. And so they are, for a Bill dealing with two administrative questions has been introduced and printed, and is backed by eight Members of Parliament, including Sir William Collins, who are favourable -to some of the claims of the Antivaccination League. The enacting clauses of the Bill are only two. One, and much the more important, has for its stated purpose to prevent vaccination officers from prosecuting defaulters without first obtaining the sanction of their Boards of Guardians. That an official can take legal proceedings to enforce the law even if his Board is entirely composed of antivaccinists, is a very sore point amongst the opponents of the Jennerian prophylaxis. They are able to urge in support of their contention that there is a subversion of the proper relationship between employer and employed, if the latter is able to act independently of one of his paymasters. Indeed, we have always regarded as a mistake on the part of the late G4overnment its failure to institute a system by which prosecution of law breakers would be undertaken, not by the vaccination officer, but by an agent selected and remunerated by the Local Government Board itself. But correction of the alleged anomalous relationship between employer and employed is not the actual, but only the ostensible, basis of antivaccination action in this matter. What the League really wants is to establish a system of local option as to the administration or non-administration of the Acts. Parliament never intended vaccination to be a matter of local option. The statutes were passed to be obeyed, and Boards of Guardians were chosen merely as being then the most convenient local machinery for carrying out the law. That the election of such Boards in any parts of the country should ever hinge on the question whether they would or would not administer the law of the land was not contemplated when the Acts were passed; and -still less could it have been contemplated that the approval of Parliament would ever be asked for any scheme whereby local opinion should be given a right to decide for or against the enforcement of statutes which were not intended to be merely adoptive, but to be equally administered all over the country. Antivaccinist Boards of Guardians complain that their servants are permitted to defy them. The real position is that they themselves have too long been permitted to defy Parliament, which required them to enforce a national law within their own areas of administration. It is quite true that Parliament does intend that there shall be a certain degree of option with regard to vaccination, but it is to be individual option, not local option. The exemption clause of the Act of 1898 was passed for the purpose of giving this option. To superimpose local option on individual option would be a manifest absurdity. Parliament time after time has investigated, by one kind of inquiry or another, the whole subject of the value of vaccination, and on every occasion its verdict has been essentially the same. But whilst itself accepting the teachings of science, and of world-wide and century-long experience, that vaccination can and does protect against small-pox, and whilst giving effect to this belief by statutes for the promotion of vaccination, and by requiring that its own servants its soldiers and sailors and teachers and post-office officials should all be vaccinated, it yet decided that persistent disbelievers should be permitted to omit the operation in the case of their own children. At the same time it determined that the attention of every parent should be called to the need for vaccination, and that he should secure exemption only by means of a certificate obtained in a local court. But the effect of the Bill now before Parliament would be to allow every Board of Guardians in the country


for the . . . pacemaker through comparative exercise tests." As of February 4, 1992, that is no longer a valid statement. On that date, the FDA granted market release to the META DDDR dual chamber rate responsive pacemaker manufactured by Telectronics Pacing Systems, which controls pacing rate through a physiological minute ventilation sensor. Not only did the FDA not require the above disclaimer for our DDDR pacemaker, but we were also allowed to state in our Physician's Manual that " . . . the minute ventilation rate responsive modes eliminate chronotropic incompetence in a physiologic manner as measured by minute ventilation and oxygen uptake" and that the minute ventilation " . . . DDDR mode provides statistically significant improvement in oxygen uptake, work rate and exercise time at the anaerobic threshold as compared to the DDD mode in patients who are chronotropically incompetent." The editorial goes on to ask why no difference has been found between patients with DDD and DDDR pacemakers. It hypothesizes that, "The sensor for the devices, now market released, is the piezoelectric activity sensor and perhaps for that sensor no difference exists but for other sensors a difference would exist." META DDDR adds strength to that hypothesis. Through paired exercise testing of a subset of chronotropically incompetent patients, we were able to demonstrate statistically significant improvements in the minute ventilation DDDR mode versus DDD mode, including:


All current implementations of Java Virtual Machines allow the creation of one-dimensional arrays of length smaller than 231 elements. In addition, since Java lacks true multidimensional arrays, most of numerical libraries use one-dimensional arrays to store multidimensional data. With the current limitation, it is not possible to store volumes of size larger than 12903. On the other hand, the data from scientific simulations or medical scanners continuously grow in size and it is not uncommon to go beyond that limit. This work addresses the problem of maximal size of one-dimensional Java arrays. JLargeArrays is a Java library of one-dimensional arrays that can store up to 263 elements. Performance comparison with native Java arrays and Fastutil library shows that JLargeArrays is the fastest solution overall. Possible applications in Java collections as well as numerical and visualization frameworks are also discussed.


This decision of 22 January 2019 is the next step in an eventful public procurement procedure and it confirms the preference of the Belgian Competition Authority ("BCA") to tackle cases via…


With the accurate olfactory system, insects could detect and discriminate thousands of odorants at very low concentrations in a complicated chemical environment. Inspired by the remarkable olfactory ability, physicochemical transducers...


Based on new Mineral Resources Database of China,this paper sums up the number,distribution,type,size and optional of identified low-grade iron resources in China.The results shows that the identification low-grade iron resourcereserves in China is about 18.4 billion tons,accounting for about 30 percent of iron ore resources,which is mainly distributed in Hebei,Liaoning,Shanxi and other 17 provinces( area).Low-grade iron deposits in China are classified into metamorphosed sedimentary type iron deposits,sedimentary type iron deposits,contact metasomatichydrothermal type iron deposits and others.Small ores are more,and large ores are less.Large low-grade iron regions account for only 1.08%of identified number,but the reserves account for 62.37%of the total reserves.The identified low-grade iron resources in China basically can separate,some is easy,and refractory ore accounts for only 2.17%.


The use of electricity brings with it an electric shock hazard for humans and animals, particularly in the case of defective electrical apparatus. In electricity supply systems, it is therefore a common practice to connect the system to ground at suitable points. Thus in the event of a fault, sufficient current will flow through and operate the protective system, which rapidly isolates the faulty circuit. Therefore, the connection to ground is required to be of sufficient low resistance. Because the topography of Jeddah city includes coastal, sandy, and rocky areas, the soil resistivity will differ across city locations, thus affecting the efficiency of the grounding circuit. To design an efficient grounding circuit, we conducted experiments to measure the soil resistivity for each soil type at different locations, taking into account factors such as salt, moisture, and density. The results of these experiments are preliminary measures for designing grounding grid systems for different topographical areas. [Almasoud AH, Al-Solami M. Jeddah Soil Resistivity and Grounding Resistance. J Am Sci 2014;10(7):49-55]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8


The traditional fabrication of graphene-based devices requires polymer-assisted transfer of graphene and a removal procedure of polymer coatings. Here, we propose to turn this process on its head and demonstrate a novel strategy of polymer-coated graphene as an optically antireflective and transparent electrode used in a graphene/silicon (G/Si) solar cell. No additional polymer removal and antireflection coatings (e.g. TiO2 colloids) are needed in our strategy. By engineering the thickness of polymer protective coatings, the light absorption and short-circuit current density of graphene solar cells can be greatly enhanced. We also showed that retaining the polymer coatings avoided the degradation of electrical conductivity of graphene films. With HNO3 doping applied on PMMA-coated G/Si solar cells, the PCEs can reach up to 13.34%. The long-term stabilities of HNO3 doped G/Si solar cells are also improved by using fluoropolymer (CYTOP) coatings on graphene. Our approach provides a novel fabrication method of transparent graphene electrodes for graphene-based optoelectronic devices with excellent light absorption.


The present invention relates to a radial tire to be provided on a heavy civil engineering vehicle and, specifically, to the crown of such a tire. The inventors have aimed to make the crown reinforcement of such a tire less sensitive to the mechanical biases generated by the rocks present on the ground. Said aim has been achieved by a tire (1) according to Claim 1.


We present results on lattice QCD at finite temperature (T) and chemical potential (\mu). We apply the overlap-improving multi-parameter reweighting technique for n_f=4 and 2+1 staggered QCD. We use semi-realistic masses on L_t=4 lattices. The critical endpoint (E) of 2+1 flavour QCD on the \mu-T plane is located. Our results are based on {\cal{O}}(10^3-10^4) configurations.


Although the college gymnasium was the space for students' education and athletic activity only, but in accordance with development of the society, recently its utilization is gradually expanding as a cultural space for the local citizens. However, since most of the old-aged gymnasium was constructed without consideration on the architectural acoustic characteristic that enables to accept diversified purposes. In case of the subject gymnasium, as the finishing materials of broad volume and strong reflectivity were used, a serious acoustic defects whereupon in order to control the vibration state and raise up its clearness, it is urgent situation that optimizing method of the acoustic factor. On such point of view, this study has small-scaled gymnasium where the acoustic defect is arising, and has grasped its architectural acoustic characteristics, then on the basis of this, also compared · analyzed both acoustic characteristics between the surveyed value of before-improvement and the predicted value of after-improvement using acoustic simulation. As a result, at after improvement comparing with before improvement, the purpose of the sports facility together with its function as a multipurpose space with possibility of various public performances have been evaluated as suitable. It is considered that such data could be utilized as the quite useful material for improvement the acoustic performance of the similar gymnasium hereafter at its designing and constructing stage.


Error-free 24-hour real-time transmission of self-tuning bidirectional 50GBASE-ER QSFP28 point-to-point system over 40-km G.652.D fiber is demonstrated. With the upstream and downstream wavelength in same spectral band, the time-delay is reduced to 0.25 ns.


Vitamins B1, B6 and B12 are members of a group of water-soluble organic vitamins with important structural and functional roles in the human body. This updated literature review examines the physiological and biochemical properties of these B vitamins.


Although steam is widely used in industrial production, there is often an imbalance between steam supply and demand, which ultimately results in steam waste. To solve this problem, steam accumulators (SAs) can be used as thermal energy storage and buffer units. However, it is difficult to promote the application of SAs due to high investment costs, which directly depend on the usage volume. Thus, the operation of SAs should be optimized to reduce initial investment through volume minimization. In this work, steam sources (SSs) are classified into two types: controllable steam sources (CSSs) and uncontrollable steam sources (UCSSs). A basic oxygen furnace (BOF) was selected as an example of a UCSS to study the optimal operation of an SA with a single BOF and sets of parallel-operating BOFs. In another case, a new method whereby CSSs cooperate with SAs is reported, and the mathematical model of the minimum necessary thermal energy storage capacity (NTESC) is established. A solving program for this mathematical model is also designed. The results show that for UCSSs, applying an SA in two parallel-operating SSs requires less capacity than that required between a single SS and its consumer. For CSSs, the proposed minimum NTESC method can effectively find the optimal operation and the minimum volume of an SA. The optimized volume of an SA is smaller than that used in practice, which results in a better steam storage effect.


In general, fast-food organizations typically have distinctive ways of managing their business operations and achieving their corporate goals and objectives. The companies used marketing strategies to bring the organization's mission and vision to life. Because these were influenced by the expanding population, trends, consumer behavior, internal and external factors in various situations, such as the most recent pandemic impact in 2020 continuing until 2021, many business models were introduced, adjusted, or replicated over the course of years. This study focuses on various business techniques and tactics that are crucial for the survival and sustainability of the fast-food industry and for competing against recently introduced rivals in the expanding food chain sector. This investigation will serve as a Quantitative Documentary Analysis through Data Mining. To sum it up, this research will offer suggestions on how to sell fast-food chains domestically, develop internationally, and, most importantly, ensure the survival of the company.


In this paper,we reported the study of phonon spectra for chiral carbon nanotubes.The lattice dynamics martix can be reduced by using the symmetries of carbon nanotubes.The phonon frequencies and symmetries have been given.We analysized the diameter dependence of vibrational modes for chiral tubules in detail,from which some interesting results can be derived.


The use of social media platforms by political candidates to engage voters is an increasing part of the political process in the United States. Authenticity and social media have been studied extensively in marketing research, yet the factors that shape the perceived authenticity of politicians have not been fully explored. This research takes a deeper look at what draws voters – or diverts them – from politicians based on the politicians' presence and depiction of themselves on social media. Authenticity has been discussed by marketing scholars with respect to its impact on leadership (Zhu et al., 2004), brand trust (Eggers et al, 2013) and engagement (Hseih & Wang, 2015). Previous research finds that authentic leaders are considered more credible and able to motivate the people they lead (Zhu et al., 2004). Authenticity is also found to be a variable that moderates followers' trust and commitment (Zhu et al., 2004). Despite the influence of authenticity in leadership, little research has examined the factors that contribute to perceptions of political authenticity. If authentic leaders can positively affect followers' trust, commitment and engagement (Hseih & Wang, 2015), we propose that authentic politicians can do the same with their constituents. As such, this research aims to advance the understanding of political authenticity by defining it and establishing a theoretical framework that can be applied in future research. Because the perceived authenticity of politicians is relatively unstudied, our research uses literature on celebrity authenticity as a guide in measuring factors of authenticity. As social media become a growing aspect of the political landscape in the United States, it is important to explore how politicians' authenticity is perceived through social media. The central objective of this research is to explore how social media impacts voters' perceptions of political authenticity. This was explored by conducting two studies. In Study 1, an open-ended questionnaire was administered to a group of university students between the ages of 18 to 24. Participants were asked to choose the political candidate who seemed most authentic and most inauthentic from a set list of candidates and describe why they perceived each candidate to be authentic or inauthentic. Participants also compared select candidates' Twitter posts and were asked to select which candidate seemed more authentic and more inauthentic based on their


A case of bilateral gonadoblastoma in 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis is presented and discussed by both clinician and pathologist, in this traditional clinico-pathologic conference. The discussion includes the differential diagnoses of primary amenorrhoea.


The objective of this work is based on the modeling and simulation of the Ga1-xInxAs1-yNy/GaAs structure, for solar cell applications. Theoretical model was used to study the effects of the indium (In) incorporation and nitrogen (N) concentration in the GaInAsN material. In order to implement this idea, a simulation program was developed to determine the strain effect on the band energy by taking into consideration the influence of In < 25% and N < 4%. In this study we have used the Band Anti-Crossing (BAC) model. Indeed, the strain reduces the band gap energy, and the nitrogen incorporation splits the conduction band into two subbands E+ and E-. In the correct condition, we also treated the impact of indium and nitrogen concentrations on the absorption coefficient of the GaInAsN/GaAs structure. According to a particular sequence, the raise of these both materials concentrations In and N results in the increase of the absorption coefficient. This work allowed us to optimize the In and N concentrations to raise the efficiency η= 22%, with strain equal to 1.5% of the solar cell based on the GaInAsN/GaAs structure.


The purpose of this paper is to show the process of technological evolution of digital imaging, from its primitive constraints until the time it has been able to reproduce the capabilities of photograph, 3D image and video. This process will stress the graphical features that are specific to this technology, so we could finally set up what we call a specific digital aesthetics. We will focus on particular in the field of electronic entertainment so that we could check wether the recent rise in video games production designed with aesthetics known as pixel art may be due to technical deficiencies –of tablets, portable devices and mobile phones- and the emergence of indie programming teams that don't have the resources of large entertainment companies, or wether it's based on aesthetical design decisions whose motivations we will aim to clarify in this paper.


The invention relates to a method for adjusting an extrusion die of an extruder by recording at least one master flow curve (40, 41) at a first extruder to which the extrusion die is optimized, in which the volume flow is entered over the pressure, which master flow curve is obtained in a measuring channel (20) which branches off at the extruder, the extrusion die or at an intermediate adapter part from the flow channel (4) (41 40), and repeated recording of flow curves (30, 31) on the same or on the same measuring channels ( to be checked 20) as the first extruder by mounting the extrusion die at and be adjusted extruder and targeted modification of process parameters until the flow curves (30, 31) with the master flow curves (40, 41) coincide within predetermined tolerance ranges.


Presence in the classroom has guided the learning concepts in secondary education until the advent of on-line classes and the concept of blended learning opportunities. This paper addresses the hardware and software components that make a student virtual presence possible in the traditional university courses for both the military student and traditional student. The question of concern on whether the virtual presence provides the same educational learning abilities as the onsite classroom provides is also addressed in this paper. About the Author Helen St. Aubin, Ph.D. is a Professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, in the Master of Science in Technical Management Program. She has extensive experience in teaching online courses for ERAU and other educational institutions. She received her Doctorate in Computing Technology in Education from Nova Southeastern University through the Graduate School of Computer and Information Sciences and she is a guest adjunct professor at Nova Southeastern University in the Graduate School of Computer and Information Sciences. She teaches a doctoral course in the Department of Computing Technology in Education where she teaches teachers how to teach on the Internet.


The cloud computing technology is indisputably assisting individuals, businesses and institutions in increasing their capability, productivity and efficiency. It has eliminated the border restriction of obtaining specialized computing resources and expertise that are not available locally to the organizations and individuals without the need to invest in new infrastructure. However, in spite of the immeasurable benefits the technology promises, it has also raised major challenges, particularly as regards its information security and service availability, stressing the need for an elaborate technique of assessing the associated risk of selecting a particular public cloud services provider among available alternatives using the right risk criteria. This paper proposes an expanded multi-criteria risk parameters for the evaluation of public cloud service providers' associated risk to produce a more accurate results that meets the dynamic nature of the cloud technology.


From the secular variation extraction of the nearest-neighbour spacing repartition function of the spectrum without an accumulation point in the part studied, an ab initio expression of the repulsion function is given. This expression is calculated for a beta n2 spectrum and compared with the Brody semi-empiric repulsion function (1981). The Brody parameters are not evaluated by fitting but calculated from the first and second moments of the nearest-neighbour spacing. Notable differences are found between the two expressions, differences which persist even for more complex spectra.


also lacks a comprehensive examination of how colonialism affected gender relations on reserves and reservations in the region. A comparative look at the topic across the border would have added much to our understanding of gendered colonialism in North America. A second, perhaps greater, concern is Danziger's treatment of Aboriginal agency and victimization. Perhaps he has gone too far trumpeting the resistance and survival of Aboriginal peoples, and thus downplayed the devastation and hardships they faced in this period. General readers and junior undergraduate students would benefit from a more thorough discussion of the tragedies that took place in Aboriginal communities. A much smaller concern is an error on the map on page iv. While it is useful to have all reserves and reservations in the region on one map, it would be more useful if the Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte were located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, not Lake Erie. Despite these issues, the book is an extremely welcome one. It is crucial to look at Aboriginal history on both sides of the international border, as people from related communities lived on both sides of the line and travelled across it throughout the period in question. How people in both countries responded to colonial efforts by the Canadian and American governments should be studied comparatively. This is an approach that is being taken in history courses on the Great Lakes region, but there remains a lack of work on the area as a whole, likely due to historians' focus on particular communities or their choice to study how either the Canadian or American government imposed its assimilation agenda. Danziger's cross-national study is innovative and perfect for these types of courses – unfortunately it spans only fifty years. alison norman University of Toronto


Humans have the innate ability to recognize new objects just by looking at sketches of them (also referred as to proto-type images). Similarly, prototypical images can be used as an effective visual representations of unseen classes to tackle few-shot learning (FSL) tasks. Our main goal is to recognize unseen hand signs (gestures) traffic-signs, and corporate-logos, by having their iconographic images or prototypes. Previous works proposed to utilize variational prototypical-encoders (VPE) to address FSL problems. While VPE learns an image-to-image translation task efficiently, we discovered that its performance is significantly hampered by the so-called hubness problem and it fails to regulate the representations in the latent space. Hence, we propose a new model (VPE++) that inherently reduces hubness and incorporates contrastive and multi-task losses to increase the discriminative ability of FSL models. Results show that the VPE++ approach can generalize better to the unseen classes and can achieve superior accuracies on logos, traffic signs, and hand gestures datasets as compared to the state-of-the-art.


Landing gear system is a key part of the implementation of reusable vertical takeoff and vertical landing launch vehicle, where its buffing performance is directly related to the vehicle whether it can land safely or stably. According to the reusable launch vehicle general scheme, outrigger landing legs are designed, and the hydraulic absorber is used for the landing gear system. Meanwhile, a scaling principle prototype of landing gear system is developed, and the landing impact test is carried out. A dynamic simulation model of the landing vehicle has been set up, researching the influence of parameters, such as the horizontal velocity, initial inclination, surface friction coefficient, and pitch angular velocity on the landing performance. Four kinds of extreme conditions are identified, and dynamic response characteristics of landing system under each extreme condition are conducted. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The buffing performance of the vehicle meets the design requirements, which provides a reference for the design of landing gear system of the vehicle.


From a critical point of view and with a judicial dogmatic method of analysis, the roles boys have both as victims and perpetrators, will be analyzed in a context of cultural honor. As well as how they are encompassed by 2 § Care of Young Persons Act (LVU) in legal praxis. Honor is equivalent to devoir, respect and esteem, and is perpetuated within the focus-group for as long as the honor norms are followed. They consists of, inter alia, the family's, or the kindred's, understanding that their devoir, respect and esteem is upheld by the females chastity and virginity. Violence is the means to oppress the individual in the family to follow the honor norm, thus preventing the whole family from being dishonored. An important role in the upkeep of this system of family honor is carried by teenaged boys, whom acts as conservators, but are also victimized. The literature, in relation to the convictions in the documented cases, points out that honor in this context is a complex concept and that boys carry double burdens. LVU is acting as a protective law for minors in exposed conditions. Under the 2 § LVU, a minor can be taken into custody due to malicious conditions in its home. These conditions might be either physical or psychological abuse, unduly or improper exploitation, inadequate parental care or any other harmful malicious condition that endangers the minors development or health. The results shows the evident purposefulness of the LVU as a protective law while being flexible as it comes to the encompassing of the different requisites of 2 § LVU regarding boys whom lives in honor-related contexts. My personal opinion is that boys who conducted the honor-related controlling measures against their female family members, as perpetrators, seldom comes into consideration. The focus rather tends to be kept on the females and the boys taken into custody due to malicious conditions in their home caused by them witnessing their female family member's exposure. (Less)


PATRICK DE MARE was born in Windsworth in 1916 of Swedish parentage, the youngest of four children. He was educated at St Cyprian's; Wellington College; Cambridge University and St George's Hospital. In 1942 he was called up into the Royal Army Medical Corps and spent four years in the Army as a psychiatrist, working at Northfield and in Europe, where he ran an exhaustion centre during the Second Front. His mentors at Northfield were Rickman, Bion and Foulkes and after the war he joined Foulkes and colleagues in founding the Group-Analytic Society (London), the Institute of Group Analysis and the Group-Analytic Practice. He also worked as a consultant psychotherapist at St George's Hospital and at Halliwick Hospital during its heyday. His present interest lies in the development of larger groups conducted along Foulkesian lines and he is engaged in convening a large group association.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical overview of the product innovation management process and its challenges. Despite wide recognition of the importance of innovation, there is a consensus that management practices that maximize innovation are still not fully understood. Various authors have demonstrated the complexity of the innovation process by showing that it involves a detailed combination of risk and uncertainty and the need for intense multifunctional orchestration to attempt to strike a balance between creation and discipline. Despite advances over the last decade, the literature still lacks studies that bring together contributions from different fields of knowledge into integrated models for systemic management innovation. Based on current bibliography reviews, a model that includes three aspects (process, context and resources) is proposed, and the challenges of innovation are investigated from the perspective of structuration theory. This paper provides a conceptual synthesis and a theoretical framework that can be useful for future research on this topic.


In mammals, the tenascin family of extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins comprise four subgroups (TNC; tenascin C, formerly called 'cytotactin') tenascin R (TNR; 'restrictin'), tenascin X (TNX; 'flexilin') and tenascin W (TNW, also called tenascin N. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The primary motivation behind this study was to search for
evidence of the link between environmental quality and economic
growth so as to answer the relevant question of whether economic
growth alone could serve as a long-run solution to environmental
damage as implied by the EKC hypothesis. Here we analyze the
relationship using a panel of 47 countries over the period 1970
-2008. Using Random-effect estimation and two-stage least squares,
our results lead to the following conclusions: relying on a quadratic
model can easily mislead researchers to ratify the existence of
EKC; the EKC hypothesis ceased to hold whenever an alternative
functional form (cubic) is employed. At best, the relationship
between economic growth and environmental quality is shown
to be typified by an N-shaped curve. The paper maintains that
simply waiting for an automatic arrival of a delinking point for
environmental damage given long-run growth will not be a feasible
solution to environmental quality. Proactive policies and measures
are required to mitigate the problem.


Honors Reverend Fred Lee Shuttlesworth (established the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, co-founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, helped organize the march from Selma to Montgomery to protest voting discrimination in Alabama, and worked with the Congress of Racial Equality to organize the Freedom Rides) for his efforts in the fight against segregation and commitment to the civil rights of all people.


The spatial correlation among the four He ions coming from the disassembly of the [sup 16]O projectile on [sup 27]Al, [sup 58]Ni, and [sup 197]Au targets has been studied at 94 MeV/nucleon. Charged particles have been detected by a multielement array of plastic scintillators covering the angular domain between 3[degree] and 150[degree]. Standard relativistic kinematics has been used to reconstruct the excitation energy of the primary projectilelike nucleus ([ital E][sub PLN][sup *]). Mean values of this quantity are found independent of the target mass and the comparison with existing similar data taken at lower bombarding energies shows a saturation of [ital E][sub PLN][sup *] around 3 MeV/nucleon. An event-by-event analysis has been performed in order to study the distributions of some global variables such as coplanarity, sphericity, and relative angle, helpful in the understanding of the topological characteristics of the process and in the evaluation of its time scale. Experimental data have also been compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulations based on different reaction mechanisms and it is possible to conclude that sequential emission of the fragments is preferred.


Simple songs, music-making activities, movement, puppets and storytelling can prepare and support children in the transition from early years settings to school, writes Julia Partington.


Background: Endovascular reperfusion therapy (ERT) for acute large vessel occlusion limits infarct expansion and improves clinical outcomes but successful reperfusion may also increase risk of repe...


In this paper, the extreme distribution for the Levy processes with positive jumping are given by the relations of the extreme distribution and ruin probability.


Objectives: Micro-RNA, small noncoding RNA fragments involved in gene regulation, and microvesicles, membrane-bound particles less than 1 &mgr;m known to regulate cellular processes including responses to injury, may serve as disease-specific biomarkers of acute kidney injury. We evaluated the feasibility of measuring these signals as well as other known acute kidney injury biomarkers in a mixed pediatric cardiac surgery population. Design: Single center prospective cohort feasibility study. Setting: PICU. Patients: Twenty-four children (⩽ 17 yr) undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass without preexisting inflammatory state, acute kidney injury, or extracorporeal life support. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Acute kidney injury was defined according to modified Kidney Diseases Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Blood and urine samples were collected preoperatively and at 6–12 and 24 hours. Microvesicles derivation was assessed using flow cytometry and NanoSight analysis. Micro-RNAs were isolated from plasma and analyzed by microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data completeness for the primary outcomes was 100%. Patients with acute kidney injury (n = 14/24) were younger, underwent longer cardiopulmonary bypass, and required greater inotrope support. Acute kidney injury subjects had different fractional content of platelets and endothelial-derived microvesicles before surgery. Platelets and endothelial microvesicles levels were higher in acute kidney injury patients. A number of micro-RNA species were differentially expressed in acute kidney injury patients. Pathway analysis of candidate target genes in the kidney suggested that the most often affected pathways were phosphatase and tensin homolog and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. Conclusions: Microvesicles and micro-RNAs expression patterns in pediatric cardiac surgery patients can be measured in children and potentially serve as tools for stratification of patients at risk of acute kidney injury.


In tlus paper, biopsies of fresh blister of 9 patients and adjacent normal-appearance skin of 5 patients were taken for electron microscopy. Whether the patients were generalized or localized type, the initial blister formation was found in the basal layer of the epidermis. Their characteristic ultrastructural changes were basal cell degeneration and cytolysis, especially in the subnuclear area of basal cell, in which clumping and aggregation of tonofilaments were seen, and the structure of organelles was obscure. In normal-appearance skin, the ultrastructure of epidermis was basically normal. It is authors' opinion that the pathogenesis of blister formation may be related to abnormal structure of tonofilaments.

Key words:
Epidermis; Epidermolysis Bullosa; Heredity


With the implementation of the policy of'Significant Change in Three Years',Shijiazhuang's streets have taken significant changes,but their alee-trees' planting is still lagging behind.Tree species is single.Tree's maintenance management is in low level.To resolve these problems it was advised to enrich alee-tree's species and strengthen trees' maintenance management to create a wonderful urban landscape.


Multilayered neural network offers a new exciting alternative for modelling unknown nonlinear dynamical system. This paper investigates the identification of unknown nonlinear dynamical system using multilayered feedforward neural network with a single hidden layer. The online identifiaction of the unknown nonlinear dynamical system can be implemented when only the inputs and outputs are accessible for measurement. A novel parameter learning algorithm is derived for the multilayered feedforward neural network model based on gradient descent in the output space. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate that the model of an unknown nonlinear dynamical system is built with the multilayered feedforward neural network model.


In this work, the experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature and sub-bituminous coal on upgrading nickel laterites ores by carbothermic reduction. The reduction was carried out in the muffle furnace at a temperature ranging of 800-1100 °C. The produced calcine from reduction step was grounded in vibrating mill, mixed with water and passed on a magnetic separator to separate nickel concentrates from the tailing. The experimental results showed that the concentrate with highest nickel grade was produced at temperature 1000 °C. The nickel grade on concentrate was 5.0 %, with the recovery of nickel was 80.6 %.


The subject of optimal secondary control of power-electronic-interfaced distributed energy resources (DERs) in droop-controlled microgrids has garnered significant research attention in recent years. While the feasibility of optimal secondary control based on non-linear power flow has been proven, the power flow algorithm is essentially iterative in nature. This work proposes an optimal secondary control with non-iterative power flow to regulate multi-bus voltages and DERs' reactive powers. The control scheme incorporates a modified Decoupled Linearized Power Flow that is known to be superior in terms of reactive power and bus voltage magnitude estimation, as compared to classical DC power flow, into a constrained quadratic programming. Q-V droop is integrated into the linear power flow in place of the slack bus. The proposed optimal scheme is provably accurate for maintaining reactive power sharing while regulating multiple load-bus voltages. The additional degrees of freedom enabled by the weighting factors significantly improve the control flexibility of the secondary controller. The allowable bus voltages and DER kVar capacity limits have also been considered by the control algorithm. The work is proven through an accurate co-simulation study comprising an 18-bus network and a full primary control models in PowerFactory, interfaced through industrial communication tool MatrikonOPC.


The unitary Wilson random matrix theory is an interpolation between the chiral Gaussian unitary ensemble and the Gaussian unitary ensemble. This new way of interpolation is also reflected in the orthogonal polynomials corresponding to such a random matrix ensemble. Although the chiral Gaussian unitary ensemble and the Gaussian unitary ensemble are associated with the Dyson index β = 2, the intermediate ensembles exhibit a mixing of orthogonal polynomials and skew-orthogonal polynomials. We consider the Hermitian and the non-Hermitian Wilson random matrix and derive the corresponding polynomials, their recursion relations, Christoffel–Darboux-like formulas, Rodrigues formulas and representations as random matrix averages in a unifying way. With the help of these results, we derive the unquenched k-point correlation function of the Hermitian and the non-Hermitian Wilson random matrix in terms of two-flavor partition functions only. This representation is due to a Pfaffian factorization. It drastically simplifies the expressions, which can be easily numerically evaluated. It also serves as a good starting point for studying the Wilson–Dirac operator in the ϵ-regime of lattice quantum chromodynamics.