Study objective - To describe the effect of different social and demographic characteristics on low birth weight (LBW) (less than 2500 g) in Spain, in both preterm (less than 37 weeks' gestation) and term infants (between 37 and 42 weeks' gestation). Design - The study used data obtained from the Spanish birth registry. Setting - The study was based on those live born infants registered in 1988 from provinces where the birthweight details were completed in at least 99 5% of the birth registration records. - A and were in the


Without an equal sharing of costs and benefits of natural and human resources worldwide, imbalances and lack of human development lead to migration within and between countries. Economic integration blocks in Latin America provide a context for shared development: in Central America, in the Andean Region, and in the Southern Cone. Over the past 60 years migration policy was based on national protectionism, labor supply, and/or occupation of territory. When economic conditions changed to market economies and world markets, migration policy was redefined. Each of the economic integration blocks has developed its own strategies. The Andean Agreement on Labor Migrations was established to determine the rules for bilateral and multilateral treatment of problems. In the Southern Cone bilateral agreements have been longstanding. Multilateral efforts were recently underway within the Southern Common Market and throughout the region. The Central American Organization for Migrations has spearheaded the adoption of a multilateral strategy. All three regions have made considerable progress in the last three years in constructing multilateral policies for economic integration. Government awareness has been the primary force in these policy changes. Government has come to an understanding that clear domestic and regional migration policies were lacking and that obsolete migration practices of the 1930s did not meet the needs of the 1990s. Migration policy was considered an instrument of development. Movement of economic factors or goods was considered equally with movement of labor. Migration policies must integrate the human rights of migrants into their definitions. Methods of facilitating the movements of populations need to be constructed within the computerization and modernization of the migration administration. Legalization of illegal immigrants has occurred among a number of countries. PROCAM and PRIMCOS were action programs which aimed to integrate migration and economic integration objectives. An obstacle was the resistance of many to the basic ideas of open population movements and the reliance on outdated notions of policing functions and of nations being invaded by delinquents. Other obstacles were the availability of human and material resources and the resistance to multilateral efforts as a threat to sovereignty. Eight ways to consolidate economic integration and migration were indicated.


The mariner has for many years been able to procure charts for practically any waterway in the world and in most cases has the selection of a variety of scales to suit his purposes. The air navigator has not been so happily placed. Shortly after the end of the 1914–18 war the nations subscribing to the International Convention to Air Navigation agreed the need for world cover in aeronautical charts at various scales, but, up to the commencement of the last war, the 1:10,000,000 basic map, for which the French government accepted responsibility, was the only series to reach completion. Various areas were also charted at scales of. 1:1,000,000 and larger.


The mechanism of occurrence of local earthquakes frequently taking place in Wakayama area was studied from the push-pull pattern of initial motions and the amplitude distribution of Fand S-waves. The mechanism can safely be (concluded) to be of a cone-type rather than a quadrant one as far as the present data are concerned. A consideration based on the former type of mechanism suggests that the focal volume corresponding to each of the earthquakes is asymmetrical in shape with its radius differing according to directions.


BACKGROUND/AIM
Most colorectal carcinomas develop from an adenoma-carcinoma sequence to metastatic disease. The aim of the present study was to use lectins, carbohydrate-binding proteins, to detect changes in glycosylation during this malignant progression.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sections from normal colorectal mucosa, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, submucosal colorectal carcinoma and metastases from patients who underwent colorectal surgery were stained by lectins with different sugar specificities namely agglutins from Wheatgerm (WGA), Helix pomatia (HPA), Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA-L), Ulex europaeus (UEA-I), Sambucus nigra (SNA-I), Canavalia ensiformis (Con A), Galanthus nivalis (GNA) and Dolichos biflorus (DBA).

RESULTS
Binding patterns of all lectins except SNA-I, Con A and DBA changed during the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.

CONCLUSION
The results indicate that lectins specific for mannose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, sialic acid, β-1,6-branched oligosaccharides and α-1-fucose may be associated with malignant progression.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gamma radiation on the direct sulfochlorination of hydrocarbons and nitrobenzene. The radiation source consisted of spent uranium fuel elements, providing a gamma radiation intensity up to 2.5 x 10/sup 6/ roentgen/ hour. The sulfochloriuation studies were carried out either with SO/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/ or with gaseous mixtures of SO/ sub 2/ aud Cl/sub 2/. Attempts to sulfuochlorinate nitrobenzene and benzene were unsuccessful. There was no detectable reaction in the case of nitrobenzene, while the reaction with benzene produced only chlorinated products, up to the full addition product 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane. Liquid cyclohexane reacted with SO/sub 2/ and Cl/sub 2/ in the presence of gamma radiation to give very high yields of cyclohexanesullonyl chloride, and to a smaller extent chlorocyclohexane and cyclohexanedisulfonyl chloride. The leugth of the chemical chain reaction induced by gamma radiation was estimated at over 2 x 10/sup 5/, and the radiochemical yield G was greater than 10/sup 6/. Sulfochlorination was the predominant reaction but at lower radiation intensities and for SO/sub 2/Cl/ sub 2/ ratios lower than unity, chlorination was found to exceed sulfochlorinatiou. Within a temperature range of 11.5 to 40.0 deg C, the selectivity of themore » reaction was independent of temperature. For a total gas flow rate of 1.9 l/min per liter C/sub 6/H/sub 12/ and SO/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/ ratios of 2/ 1, the rate of conver sion to C/sub 6/H/sub 11/SO/sub 2/Cl was proportional to the square root of the absorbed radiation dose up to a dose rate of 40 rad/min, but became independent of dose rate above 400 rad/min. Under these conditions, the conversion rate was 0.025 g-moles C/sub 6/H/sub 11/SO/sub 2/Cl/ (l) (min). A basic plant design was developed for the contiuuous sulfo chlorination of cyclohexame initiated by gamma radiation. Tbe economics of this process may become attractive with the expected availability of cheap radiation sources. Solutions of cyclohexane, chlorine, and sulfur dioxide in carbon tetrachloride were irradiated in an oxygen-free system. Reaction rates, equivalent to the rate of disappearance of free chlorine, were determined spectrophotometrically at 4000 A. The reaction products were cyclohexanesulfonyl chloride and hydrochloric acid in nearly stoichiometric quantities. An empirical rate equation was derived, in which the rate of disappearance of chlorine was shown to be proportional to the square root of the product of absorbed radiation, chlorine and cyclohexane concentrations, and independent of the concentration of sulfur dioxide. A chain mechanism was proposed, and the rate equation derived from this scheme was found to be in excellent agreement with the empirical rate equation the reaction proceeded by a free radical mechanism, as evidenced by the strong inhibiting effect of oxygen. Gnumbers were of the order of 10/sup 5/, corresponding to an estimated chain length of 5000, which is of the same order as the quantum yield of the photochemical sulfochlorination. Activation energies for the individual reactions were derived from the reaction rate constants at two temperatures and compared favorably with values reported for similar photochemical reactions. (auth)« less


Existence of forced vibrations of nonlinear wave equation: utt uxx ± \u\"~lu = f(x, t), (x, t) € (0, 7l) X R, u(0, t) = u(tt, t) = 0, teR, u(x, t + 2n) = u(x,t), (x, t) € (0,7r) x R, is considered. For all p € (1, oo) and f(x, t) £ z/p+1'/p, existence of infinitely many periodic solutions is proved. This improves the results of the author [29, 30]. We use variational methods to show the existence result. Minimax arguments and energy estimates for the corresponding functional play an essential role in the proof. 0. Introduction and statement of result. The main purpose of this paper is to show the existence of infinitely many periodic solutions of the following nonlinear vibrating string equation: (0.1)± utt-uxx±[u[p-1u = f(x,t), (x,t) E (0,tt) x R, (0.2) u(0, t) = u(tt, 0=0, (GR, (0.3) u(x,t + 2n)=u(x,t), (x, t) E (0, rr) x R. Here, p > 1 is a constant and f(x, t) is a 27r-periodic function of t. In case / is a function of x alone, the existence of nontrivial solutions of (0.1)±(0.3) has been established by Brezis-Coron-Nirenberg [11], Coron [13] and Rabinowitz [20, 23]. See also Benci-Fortunato [7] and Sattinger [24]. But in case / depends on t, it seems that the existence of at least one solution of (0.1)±-(0.3) is not obtained for all p E (1, oo) and the existence of infinitely many solutions for all / has been obtained merely in the case: (0.4) 1< p < 1 + v/2. See Tanaka [29, 30] and Ollivry [17]. This paper is a continuation of [29, 30] and we will show the existence of infinitely many periodic solutions for all f(x,t) without restriction (0.4). More precisely our main result is the following. Received by the editors December 8, 1986 and, in revised form, March 25, 1987. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 35B10, 35L70; Secondary 58E05.


Transient departure process of outgoing packets in a finite-buffer queueing model with the BMAP-type input stream and generally distributed processing times is investigated. Applying the paradigm of embedded Markov chain and the total probability law, a system of integral equations for the distribution function of the number of packets successfully processed up to fixed time t; conditioned by the initial level of buffer saturation and the state of the underlying Markov chain, is obtained. The solution of the corresponding system written for the mixed double transforms is found in a compact form by utilizing the approach based on linear and matrix algebra. Remarks on numerical treatment of analytical results and computational example are attached as well.


Abstract— In experiments with the non‐photoreactivable yeast Candida guilliermondii, radiations at 313, 334 and 365 nm, having no effect on untreated cell populations, produced an 'enhancing' effect on the lethality of 254 nm‐pretreated cells. Wavelengths in the visible region of the spectrum did not exhibit a similar effect.


Abstract This paper reports the results of toxicity tests conducted using Anguilla anguilla under three different water temperatures (15,22 and 29°C) and two different media (experimental and natural) with an organochlorine insecticide, Endosulfan. The 96‐h LC50 decreased in the experimental medium (p 0.05) there were between both media at the three respective temperatures studied (15, 22 and 29°C). The 24, 48, 72 and 96‐h LC50 for this fish is similar or identical for these four times in both media at three temperatures (15, 22 and 29°C).


If you have a child under 16 with a physical or mental illness or disability, you may be able to claim benefits and tax credits.


1. A method for treating cancer characterized by the overexpression of EGFR and / or erbB2 in a mammal comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I ") 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the cancer is pancreatic zhelezy.3. Method according claim 1, wherein the cancer is prostate zhelezy.4. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is hormone-refractory prostate cancer zhelezy.5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is colorectal rak.6. The method of claim. 1, wherein the cancer is colon to ishki.7. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is cancer of the kishki.8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is non-small cell legkih.9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is yaichnika.10 . a method according to claim 1, wherein the cancer is vulvy.11. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is cervical matki.12. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is endometriya.13. The process of claim .1, wherein the cancer is mezoteliomu.14. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is pischevoda.15. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is a cancer of the salivary zhelezy.16. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is hepatocellular rak.17. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is brain mozga.18. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is gliomu.19. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is melanomu.20. A method for treating cancer characterized by the overexpression of EGFR, in a mammal comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I ") 21. The method for treating cancer characterized by the overexpression of erbB2 in a mammal comprising administering to said mammal-therapeutic


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an equipment examination support system for simply and quickly examining acceptance/rejection of assembling, assembling performance, or the like of production equipment. SOLUTION: A retrieval system part 23 displays a diagram of the production equipment of an assembling process to be examined and a diagram of base components on a display 4 by a CAD system part 22, displays a diagram of a plurality of assembling components constituting a subassembly body to be assembled to the base components in an assembling process to be examined on the display 4 while combined as the subassembly body on the basis of subassembly data in a retrieval database, and displays a diagram of assembling components that have been already assembled to the base components in the assembling process to be examined on the display 4 while combined integrally with the base components on the basis of main assembly data in the retrieval database. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT


We have studied the performance of multidimensional signaling techniques using wavelets based modulation within an orthogonally multiplexed communication system. The discrete wavelets transform and wavelet packet modulation techniques have been studied using Daubechies 2 and 8, Biothogonal1.5 and 3.1 and reverse Biorthognal 1.5 and 3.1 wavelets in the presence of Rayleigh multipath fading channels with AWGN. Results showed that DWT based systems outperform WPM systems both in terms of BER vs. SNR performance as well as processing. The performances of two different equalizations techniques, namely zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE), were also compared using DWT. When the channel is modeled using Rayleigh multipath fading, AWGN and ISI both techniques yield similar performance.


Laudation of the ceremony renewal of Professor Stanislaw Grodziski's doctorate after fifty years (Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Hall College Maius, April 11, 2011)


Thephysical background ofthethermal noiseassumption that thelocal noise sources along thechannel are equations ofthePSPMOSFETmodel(1) ispresented. ThePSP uncorrelated. thermal noise modelisshowntopassa numberofproposed benchmark tests forMOSFETthermal noise. Without anyfitting B.Localnoise source parameters, itisshowntopredict withgreat accuracy acollection ofexperimental dataonthree modernCMOS technologies. The TheMOSFET drain current IDisdescribed byID impact ofdevice layout onnoise properties isdiscussed and dV/dx, wherex isthedirection along thechannel, V isthe demonstrated experimentally.


The implementation of Cultura Ciudadana program by Antanas Mockus obtained positive results in the short term by consolidating habits which edified citizens actions in the public space that contributed to build a better Bogota. Nevertheless, those results were not sustainable because of different factors, among others, because the communicative processes used did not guarantee the transmission of the culture to the coming generations. A district public policy and the maintenance of public value during next governments would have been useful to set up a durable citizen culture.


The purpose of the reseachs to determine the Effect of Work Environment Against Working Performance of UPT Puskesmas employees of Salak River and to find out how Employee Performance UPT Puskesmas Sungai Salak. Data analysis using simple linear regression equation. From the coefficient of determination (R2) in obtaining the results of 0.676 or 67.6% work environment variables affect the Achievement of Employees of UPT Puskesmas Sungai Salak, the rest of 32.4% influenced by other variables not examined in this study. From the results of research on the influence of work environment on work performance of employees at UPT Puskesmas Sungai Salak obtained linear regression equation with simple linear regression Y = 7,305 + 0,839 X + E, result of hypothesis testing about research variables Work partially known in table indicate that variable The Working Environment has a t count of 9.787, with t table 2.013. So thitung 9,787> ttable 2.013, it shows that Work Environment has an effect on Work Achievement.


Cavitation Phenomenon in Centrifugal pumps is the main cause of failures in pump components, such as impeller and volute. To evaluate this phenomenon, firs of all the flow field in a BB2 API multistage centrifugal pump with and without cavitation situation is studied. Additionally, to improve impeller inlet condition and reduction of cavitation possibility, Stepannof and Dixon theory is used. This study mainly focuses on the concept of cavitation's in pump, pump performance curve, system pump curve, and net positive suction head (NPSH). The ultimate goal of this project is to determine the best operating pump range. It is interesting to examine the system pump curve prediction to identify the inception cavitation zone. Therefore, a theoretical system pump curve was generated using Microsoft Excel 2010, in addition, Catia V5 R21 and ANSYS CFX 14. Were applied to create computational fluid dynamic model From simulation results, a decrease of NPSHa values produces the onset of cavitation. The major findings of this thesis present the theoretical and numerical results concerning the pump characteristics and performance breakdown at different flow conditions. Therefore the best operating pump range is identified a flow rate of 330 m3/hr to avoid the occurrence of cavitation in pump.


The reports of the state fire marshal of Iowa for the years 19121916 show that spontaneous combustion, or the overheating of a substance from causes within itself, is a very prominent cause of fires in the state. In the five years of the reports, spontaneous combustion has regularly ranked 5th or 6th among the various known causes of fires and the total number of fires traced to It annually hr.cs ranged from 83 to 153. In the amount of loss, it has ranked from 2nd to 6th among the known causes, Its total running as high as $468,599 in a single


Introduction : Hirudotherapy is a treatment with using of medicinal leech. This kind of therapy is known from the time of extreme antiquity and is still alive nowadays. Aims: At the present era when the world is suffering from a number of disorders occurring due to faulty Life style, Hirudotherapy is an evolutionary mode of treatment. Scientifically it has been proved that Substances in Leech saliva can lower the blood sugar levels and improve pancreatic functions, so can use in diabetes and its complications. Scientific research of Hirudo Medicinalis by number of powerful enzymes extracted from leeches salivary gland secretions among them DESTABILASE which in nature can be found only in leeches. This also explains the Atherogenic Effect provided by the leeches, for they lower the level of Cholesterol and Triglycerides in blood. Conclusion: As Leech Therapy is being used frequently in a number of disorders, the evidence based concept is the need of the hour. The present paper portrays the scientific substantiation of Hirudotherapy.


Objective It has been known that hepatopulmonary syndrome(HPS) is related to the imbalance between vasoconstrictors and vasodilators. The aim of the study is to examine the levels of plasma calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and endothelin(ET) in patients with HPS for exploring their roles in HPS formation. Methods The levels of CGRP and ET were measured by radioimmunoassay in 16 cases of HPS, 30 cases of liver cirrhosis without HPS and 15 normal controls. Results The levels of plasma CGRP ((65±15)pg/ml) and ET((78±21)pg/ml) in 16 cases of HPS were significantly higher than those in liver cirrhosis (CGRP (51±15) pg/ml, ET (60±14) pg/ml) and in healthy controls (CGRP (32±12) pg/ml, ET (36±11) pg/ml) ( P 0.01). The increased concentrations of CGRP and ET in patiencs with HPS were correlated negatively with PaO 2. There were no linear correlation between the levels of CGRP and ET and pulmonary shunt ratios in case with HPS ( P 0.05). Conclusions The increase of plasma CGRP and ET is closely associated with the intrapulmonar vascular dilation of HPS and hypoxemia. The levels of plasma CGRP and ET in liver cirrhosis were significantly higher than those in healthy controls ( P 0.01).


We propose to use four-wave mixing inside silicon waveguides for generating correlated photon pairs. We present a theory that includes all noise sources and provides an analytic expression for the pair correlation.


The invention discloses a multilayer type super-thick light steel bridge deck pavement structure and pavement method. The total thickness of the pavement structure is 8-10cm, and the pavement structure sequentially comprises an LWAC-05 lightweight concrete layer, an LWAC-10 lightweight concrete layer and an asphalt surface functional layer from bottom to top, wherein the thickness of the LWAC-05 lightweight concrete layer is 1.5-2cm, the thickness of the LWAC-10 lightweight concrete layer is 3.5-4cm, and the thickness of the asphalt surface functional layer is 3-4cm. According to the multilayer type super-thick light steel bridge deck pavement structure and pavement method, the lightweight concrete layers are used, the thickness of the steel bridge deck pavement structure is effectively increased to be 8-10cm, the thickness is increased by 20-40% compared with the thickness for about 6cm of a traditional steel bridge deck pavement layer, the pavement and steel plate stress performance can be substantially improved, bridge deck rigidity is improved, and structure durability is prolonged.


The early phases of a child's neurodevelopment have a major influence on their future human resources and health. On the other hand, the effects of prenatal risk factors on child neurodevelopment remain little known. This study looks at the effects of mother smoking while pregnant on baby neurodevelopment between the ages of 3 and 24 months, as well as the links to socioeconomic status (SES). The information comes from a one-of-a-kind group of South American teenagers. Smoking has a major deleterious influence on neurodevelopment, with the effects being particularly obvious in those of poor socioeconomic status. The study's results highlight the need of early interventions that begin before and continue throughout pregnancy to promote newborn development and current human capital attainment. Even when people get the best results, the majority of people still smoke while they're pregnant, even though they know that smoking can hurt them and their unborn child. The act of smoking is associated with severe stress, such as that caused by a demanding job or child care responsibilities, according to recent studies. Pregnant women who smoke do it for a variety of reasons, including controlling their weight growth or coping with negative emotions like as loss.


Energy storage is the major concern in smart micro grids like in renewable power generation, electric vehicles and small scale DC-UPS systems. This paper proposes analysis, and voltage mode control of coupled inductor bidirectional converter. Unfortunately, switches of four and beyond in isolated schemes increase production costs and reduce conversion efficiency, and non-isolated topologies suffer from high voltage/current stress. As compared with the counterparts of conventional converter topologies, the proposed converter has the merits of less component count, high efficiency, and smaller size. The high voltage diversity enables a battery module of low voltage to be interfaced with the high-voltage dc bus or the micro grid for subsequent utilization. The battery fed bidirectional converter with controller to regulate the DC link voltage and battery charge voltage is implemented in the Simulink/Matlab environment. Also, experimental confirmation of the proposed converter is shown.


In this article, a nonline-of-sight (NLOS) mitigation algorithm by distance geometric constrain (DGC) is proposed for mine-used underground monorail cranes (MUMCs) in the coal mine. This study focuses on the accuracy of a localization system composed of the ultrawideband (UWB) mobile tag fixed on the MUMC and UWB anchors in roadways. A linear fitting equation is designed to eliminate the measurement error of UWB hardware. A correction method based on the DGC and Cayley–Menger determinant (DGC-CMD) is exploited to reduce the NLOS errors, which employs the distance measurement data and geometric relationship of UWB networks. Furthermore, the corrected distance measurement data are put into a robust extended Kalman filter (REKF) to get the precise location of the UWB mobile tag, which is fixed on the MUMC and represents its real-time location. In order to validate the proposed algorithm, experiments are carried out on an MUMC by comparing with the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, the multilateration based on the least square method (LSM), and the weighted centroid localization (WCL) method. The results show that the feasibility and superiority of the proposed algorithm are better than others. The maximum localization error of the proposed algorithm is 0.4098 m, its average localization error is 0.2372 m, and its standard deviation is 0.0739 m.


Précis: In this study, patients with glaucoma undergoing topical antihypertensive (TAH) drugs had changes in the ocular surface and more dry eye symptoms than controls. Clinicians should recognize the influence of TAH drops on exacerbating ocular surface disease. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ocular surface of eyes with glaucoma treated with TAH drugs. Methods: Cross-sectional study that included eyes undergoing TAH drugs due to primary open angle glaucoma and controls. The parameters evaluated were: the basal tear flow (basic secretion test); the tear film osmolarity (TearLab); and the noninvasive break-up time, blink score, lipid layer thickness, tear meniscus height, and loss area of the meibomian glands, measured with the IDRA Ocular Surface Analyser. Presence of symptoms [Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)], dry eye disease (DED, TFOS DEWS II criteria), and corneal fluorescein staining were assessed. Results: We included 154 eyes (154 patients), 77 undergoing TAH drugs for glaucoma (group 1) and 77 of controls (group 2). The tear film osmolarity (P=0.003) and the loss area of the meibomian glands (P=0.004) were higher in group 1. The noninvasive break-up time (P=0.005), lipid layer thickness (P=0.006), and tear meniscus height (P=0.001) were lower in group 1. The global OSDI score (P<0.001), the proportion of eyes with severe disease (P=0.002), according to the OSDI, and with DED (P<0.001), according to the TFOS DEWS II criteria, were higher in group 1. The proportion of patients with corneal fluorescein staining was higher in group 1 (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in eyes taking TAH drugs with and without preservatives (P>0.127). Conclusions: DED, in patients with glaucoma, is a multifactorial disease, with a strong contribution from TAH drugs. These eyes had changes in almost every measured parameter, translating into the presence of more dry eye symptoms and corneal damage when compared with controls.


The various methods available to analyze vitamin B-12 tagged with Co/sup 60/ are experimentally examined. A very simple and efficient method is proposed. The vitamin, present in urine or in aqueous solutions, is adsorbed by activated carbon; and the carbon is counted in a gamma scintillometer. The techniques of the proposed method are described, and its advantages over classical methods of direct counting, precipitations, solvent extraction, and absorption in ionic resins are presented. (auth)


The clean development mechanism (CDM) is intended to serve as a market-based incentive that is both efficient and cost-effective for eligible developing countries. The analysis contained in this article explores why, in theory, such an attractive incentive opportunity has been so under-utilised in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper compares the experience of the CDM in South Africa and Zambia. These two Southern African countries were selected because of their varying levels of statehood, South Africa being an emerging, middle-income economy while Zambia is classified as a least developed country. General challenges affecting the CDM were identified in the literature to be awareness, capacity, eligibility and access to finance. The paper then compares how these overarching issues specifically impact the CDM experience in South Africa and Zambia. The paper finds that common complexities relating to the CDM have varying implications for eligible host countries at different levels of statehood.


believes that the most effective strategy for making spectacles affordable and accessible is to integrate refractive error services into ophthalmic services and to run the refractive error service as a business – thereby making it sustainable. An optical service should be able to deal with high volumes of patients and generate enough revenue – not just to cover its own costs, but also to contribute to ophthalmic clinical services. IEF assists public and private eye hospitals in lowand middle-income countries to build sustainable refractive error services, both by helping them reorganise their management processes, and by improving their infrastructure through sub-grants and technical assistance. With this model, the IEF establishes professional optical businesses that can be accessed by anyone, regardless of socioeconomic background. Net profits then go toward improving quality, expanding services, and subsidising ophthalmic care in the eye unit. This combined approach increases the number of patients accessing ophthalmic as well as optometric services and earns revenue to support both types of services. This article discusses some important aspects of the IEF model.


Objective To evaluate the reasons for intrathecal administration of vincristine,the characteristics of patients with nerve damage,and the effective rescue measures and outcome prognosis.Methods Electronic literature databases,English and Chinese Paper Documents databases,and Network Engine were searched for Case Reports of inadvertent intrathecal injection of vincristine.SPSS 15.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results Analysis of 32 cases report showed that the intrathecal injection of vincristine in patients had adverse outcome.Of these cases 25 led to death,and survival of cases was associated with lower limb paralysis or quadriplegia.Fatalities appeared due to a progressively ascending myeloencephalopathy.Early recognition and immediate treatment with CSF drainage appeared to be the only intervention that had improved patients' survival.The survival curves of different surgical treatments,whether or not to use folic acid treatment,whether or not to use glutamate treatment,whether or not to use pyridoxinetreatment,was a significant difference.Conclusions Timely ventriculo-lumbar washout,using folic acid treatment and glutamate treatment appear critical.It is difficult to obtain satisfactory clinical outcome,so the key lies in the implementation of effective preventive measures.


The method for calculating the thermal stress of cement concrete pavement is not sound at present.An empirical formula,for calculating coefficient of thermal warping stress and that of thermal stress was established with the aid of a method of numerical regression analysis.Meanwhile,two calculation parameters a and b are introduced into the formula.Based on the empirical formula,a regression formula for computing the thermal stress of pavement structure was presented.To verify the reliability of the regression formula,a comparison between the method of specification and that of the regression formula was conducted.The comparison results showed a reasonable accuracy and can meet the engineering demand.Additionally,the critical temperatures of pavement paving and that of the pavement initially warping and swell-shrinking were calculated by integrating the pavement paving temperature,and also the various parameters which affect the thermal stress of pavement structure were analyzed.These researches and analyzed results can,to some extent,provide references for controlling the pavement paving temperature.


Twenty percent of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients admitted to hospital because of an 'exacerbation' will have consolidation visible on a chest X-ray. The presence of consolidation is associated with higher mortality. Imperfect definitions of COPD exacerbation and pneumonia, and incomplete and imperfect diagnostic tests, have resulted in a debate about whether these episodes are best thought of as 'exacerbation with consolidation' or 'pneumonia in a person with COPD'. With the current views that exacerbations are not all identical, and that they can be 'phenotyped' to identify episodes with different prognosis and treatment response, perhaps these episodes are best-considered a phenotype of exacerbation. Whatever the terminology, the important clinical message is to recognise that those with consolidation have higher mortality, and likely different responses to treatment.


Spinach (Spinacea oleracea) was dehydrated at 70 °C, partially dehydrated frozen (dried to its critical moisture ratio and frozen at −20 °C) and frozen at −20 °C. Results indicated that the time required for spinach dehydration was 7 h. Thus, the moisture ratio was 10.1 and 0.054 for the fresh and dried spinach, respectively. The critical moisture ratio during dehydration process was 2.20 after 2.65 h of drying time.

Reducing sugars, free amino nitrogen, ash, iron and magnesium were slightly decreased in the partially dehydrated frozen spinach relative to the fresh samples. Dehydration markedly degraded the total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoides and ascorbic acid whereas the freezing of partially-dehydrated spinach and freezing process were less effective. On the other hand, freezing of partially dehydrated spinach increased phaeophytin. There were no changes in pH-values of studied preserved samples.

Freezing of partially dehydrated spinach improved the reconstitution of product at 100 °C and at room temperature (25 °C) comparing to dehydration. The drip loss of frozen spinach was 16.4% after 105 min of thawing time.

Cooked fresh and frozen spinach were better in colour, flavour, texture, appearance and shape and over-all acceptability than that of dehydrated cooked one. Moreover, freezing of partially dehydrated spinach improved the aforementioned properties.


Considering the basic conditions,Chinese aging process is characterized by large proportion of the elderly population,low GDP per capita,rapid population aging and difference between rural and urban areas.Chinese policy on the elderly population should pay more attention to the healthy aging and accommodate to the social and economic development Meanwhile,government's dominion,social participation and family's support should be organically combined.


This is an excellent new collection in the now securely established and developing field of accounts of social researching. This one is distinguished from some of the others in that as its subtitle accurately suggests it is about 'practice and politics in social policy research'. It also has, reflecting in part the editor's background, a more social anthropological and social and economic development emphasis than some other collections. Wenger starts from the contention that by the end of this decade the majority of social researchers will be working under contract to government and other agencies which commission policy-relevant investigations. I think, for example, that the Manpower Services Commission is now a larger funder of social science than the Economic and Social Research Council. Quite what that implies alongside significant shifts in the contracts offered by such bodies as the DHSS we are only just beginning to wake up to. As Wenger puts it 'This shift towards contracted and commissioned research throws into heightened relief the importance of a greater understanding between researchers on the one hand, and funding agencies and policy making bodies on the other'. This new collection is dedicated to confronting, describing and trying to understand the tensions that develop between the two sides of the policy research relationship. The editor optimistically feels that improvements in the research relationship are not only highly desirable but possible. She thinks that greater understanding and collaboration exemplified by books such as hers will lead to an improvement in this relationship. I am afraid that when I look around the social


Objective To know the sanitary and management problems of school cafeterias in rural areas of western and middle parts of China,and to provide evidence for government to develop related policy.Methods By stratified sampling method,61 principals in charge of the school health were selected from six provinces,and in-depth interviews were carried out among them.The interviewed contents included sanitary problems of the cafeteria and the countermeasures.Results The main sanitary problems were insufficient construction area of school cafeteria,lack of sanitary equipments,low health awareness of employees,poor management and unreasonable diet nutrition.Conclusion Proper hygiene standard for rural school cafeterias should be developed in order to improve hygiene condition of the cafeterias and promote students' health.


Hybrid renewable energy systems are subject to extensive research around the world and different designs have found their way to the market and have been commercialized. These systems usually employ multiple components, both renewable and conventional, combined in a way to increase the system's overall efficiency and resilience and to lower GHG emissions. In this paper, a hybrid renewable energy system was designed for residential use and its annual energy performance was investigated and optimized. The multi-module hybrid system consists of a Ground-Air Heat Exchanger (GAHX), Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) panels and Air to Water Heat Pump (AWHP). The developed system's annual performance was simulated in the TRaNsient SYStem (TRNSYS) environment and optimized using the General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS) platform. Multi-objective non-linear optimization algorithms were developed and applied to define optimal system design and performance parameters while reducing cost and GHG emissions. The results revealed that the designed system was able to satisfy building thermal heating/cooling loads throughout the year. The ground source heat exchanger contributed 21.3% and 26.3% of the energy during heating and cooling seasons, respectively. The initial design was optimized in terms of key performance parameters and module sizes. The annual simulation analysis showed that the system was able to self-generate and meet nearly 29.4% of the total HVAC electricity needs, with the rest being supplied by the grid. The annual system module performance efficiencies were 13.4% for the PVT electric and 5.5% for the PVT thermal, with an AWHP COP of 4.0.


OBJECTIVE: to study the relationship of adiponectin level with lipidprofile and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic subjects with and withoutcoronary heart disease (CHD).METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional/ analytical study consisted ofthree groups. Group A consisted of 60 healthy subjects, group B consisted of 60 type 2 diabetic subjects and group C consisted of 60 type2 diabetic subjects with coronary heart disease. The study participantswere analyzed for serum adiponectin level, triglycerides (TG), totalcholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoproteincholesterol (VLDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylatedhemoglobin (HbA1c).RESULTS: Significantly high adiponectin level was observed in femalesubjects as compared to male subjects. Type 2 diabetic subjects withand without coronary heart disease presented with significantly higherFBG, HbA1c, TC and TG (p value <0.05) and significantly lower levelsof serum adiponectin and HDL-C (p value <0.001). Adiponectin levelshowed significant positive association with HDL-C in control group(female: r 0.988; p=<0.01, male: r 0.948; p=<0.01), type 2 diabeticgroup (female: r 0.908; p=<0.01, male: r 0.860; p=<0.01) and type 2diabetic group having coronary heart disease (female: 0.775; p=<0.01,male: 0.650; p=<0.01). Significant (p value <0.01) negative associationof adiponectin was observed with TG, FBG and HbA1c in type 2 diabeticsubjects with and without coronary heart disease.CONCLUSION: Hypoadiponectinemia in type 2 diabetic subjects withand without coronary heart disease is related with un-controlled glycemicstatus and dyslipidemia.


To have a clear understanding of the convective precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surrounding regions, this research systematically studied characteristics of distribution of convective storm top altitudes over the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions by using the level-2 orbital data obtained by the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR). The following conclusions are drawn in this study. (1) Because of the development of Asia summer monsoon, the number of samples of precipitation with storm top altitude above 10 km increases gradually from June to August, and all the samples of precipitation diminishes with the increases of altitude. That is, the higher the storm top altitude, the less the frequency of precipitation. (2) The deep convection frequency above 10 km altitude over the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions is less than 0.8%. The deep convection frequency above 14 km is obviously less than the 10 km deep convection, not exceeding 0.2%. (3) With the increase of convective storm top altitude, the proportion of corresponding deep convection decreases exponentially. The contribution of convective precipitation to total precipitation is consistent with the contribution of convective precipitation frequency to total precipitation frequency, and the both area fractions of them decrease rapidly with the increases of the contribution. Besides, both of the two maximum contributions are below 40%. (4) The storm top altitude and surface rain rate of convective precipitation are the lowest in June and the highest in August. Furthermore, the storm top altitude over the TP rises slowly from the western part of the plateau to the eastern part, and the rain rate shows a significant gradient change with the increases of height. Below 6 km altitude, the maximum value of rain rate can reach 8 mm/h, but the precipitation intensity reduce to 4 mm/h when the altitude is above 6 km.


A hybrid clustering method combining cross-citation and textual analysis is applied to cluster more than 8,000 journals covered in the Web of Science (2002-2006). Unlike in a previous study where we assumed 22 clusters for comparison with the 22 fields according to the classification scheme of Thomson's Essential Science Indicators, this study uses a 7 clusters solution, which is one of the candidate results obtained from the clustering process. Based on an agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm, all the journals under study have been clustered into 7 large scientific domains. The evaluation of the obtained clustering provides consistent results as considered from the cognitive perspective and the most characteristic terms, which are obtained from the textual component of the classification process, giving a clear description of each individual cluster. The cross-citation network visualises the citation relations among clusters and the asymmetric links reflect the direction of information flow among journals and clusters. Several indicators including PageRank, strong links and entropy are used to identify and analyse representative journals of each cluster.


The 1st International Workshop on Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality for Human-Robot Interactions (VAM-HRI) will bring together HRI, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Mixed Reality researchers to identify challenges in mixed reality interactions between humans and robots. Topics relevant to the workshop include development of robots that can interact with humans in mixed reality, use of virtual reality for developing interactive robots, the design of new augmented reality interfaces that mediate communication between humans and robots, comparisons of the capabilities and perceptions of robots and virtual agents, and best practices for the design of such interactions. VAM-HRI is the first workshop of its kind at an academic AI or Robotics conference, and is intended to serve as a timely call to arms to the academic community in response to the growing promise of this emerging field.


Non-H. pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) infections are more common in immunocompromised hosts and are associated with chronic infection in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. cause systemic disease including cellulitis, bacteremia, endocarditis, meningitis, arthritis, hepatobiliary disease, and enteritis. NHPH are fastidious gram-negative organisms and are rarely detected by culture or nucleic acid amplification tests in clinical laboratories, resulting in potentially poor clinical detection and treatment. We present data demonstrating the diagnostic advantage of using plasma microbial cell-free DNA Sequencing to rapidly identify NHPH to the species level.

 The Karius TestTM (KT) was developed and validated in Karius's CLIA certified/CAP accredited lab (Redwood City, CA) and detects mcfDNA in plasma. Following DNA extraction, next-generation sequencing (NGS) is performed, and sequences are aligned to a curated database of > 1000 organisms. Microorganisms observed above background at statistically significant levels are reported and quantified in molecules per microliter (MPM). We conducted a retrospective review of KT detections of NHPH from December 2016-November 2021. A subset of pediatric patients (age <=21 years) was identified from this cohort. Available clinical information was extracted from the test requisition form.

 KT detected NHPH in 23 patients among 11 unique institutions in the span of 5 years, including 10 (43%) pediatric patients (Table 1). Nine of ten detections were quantified (Median 110 MPM; range 48-20932, MPM). The reference interval of mcfDNA abundance for all NHPH species (defined by the 97.5th %ile) in a cohort of 684 healthy subjects is 0 MPM (for comparison the reference interval for H. pylori is 42.2 MPM). The highest detection was H. magdeburgensis 20,932 MPM. Of the 10 patients, 8 were male and 2 were female and the mean age was 10.5 years (range 3-17). Nine of 10 patients had information regarding underlying diagnosis. There were 6 patients with primary immunodeficiency including 5 with X-linked agammaglobulinemia with a diverse manifestation of infections. Two patients had serial testing during the intercurrent infectious episode to monitor the response to treatment. Serial testing in one patient showed a dramatic decrease of NHPH mcfDNA from 27,907 MPM to 1,079 MPM over a 6-day span. Serial testing in a second patient showed a decrease of the NHPH mcfDNA from 124 MPM to an undetectable range 14 days later.

 These cases highlight the potential use of rapid, non-invasive, plasma mcfDNA to diagnose and potentially monitor the response to treatment of infections caused by NHPH, especially in patients with primary immunodeficiency. NHPH are difficult to detect and identify using conventional microbiological methods and plasma mcfDNA NGS may play an important role in detecting these fastidious microorganisms and serial testing.


Book Citations: Authors, Title, HemaSphere, 2023;7(S3):pages. The individual abstract DOIs can be found at https://journals.lww.com/hemasphere/pages/default.aspx. Disclaimer: Articles published in the journal HemaSphere exclusively reflect the opinions of the authors. The authors are responsible for all content in their abstracts including accuracy of the facts, statements, citing resources, etc. 2730 organized supportive measures for 63 patients (41.7%), including physical therapy (N=38), psychological support (N=24), social worker (N=14), hypnosis (N=11), sexology consult (N=7), or dietician (N=4). A survey evaluating patients' satisfaction (0=useless, 10=indispensable) at 3 months of the CARAMA program (N=43) showed a median score of 10/10 (range, 7-10). Summary/Conclusion: Remote monitoring of patients treated with CAR T-cells by a specialized nurse allows early detection and management of delayed complications (adverse events and/or relapse). It also saves medical time and resources. Finally, this close follow-up is reassuring for the patients and contributes to their well-being. Ours results support the development of CARAMA nurses in CAR T-cell centers. HemaSphere | 2023;7(S3) EHA2023 Hybrid Congress Copyright Information: (Online) ISSN: 2572-9241 © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the European Hematology Association. This is an open access Abstract Book distributed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) which allows third parties to download the articles and share them with others as long as they credit the author and the Abstract Book, but they cannot change the content in any way or use them commercially. Abstract Book Citations: Authors, Title, HemaSphere, 2023;7(S3):pages. The individual abstract DOIs can be found at https://journals.lww.com/hemasphere/pages/default.aspx.Book Citations: Authors, Title, HemaSphere, 2023;7(S3):pages. The individual abstract DOIs can be found at https://journals.lww.com/hemasphere/pages/default.aspx. Disclaimer: Articles published in the journal HemaSphere exclusively reflect the opinions of the authors. The authors are responsible for all content in their abstracts including accuracy of the facts, statements, citing resources, etc. 2731


PURPOSE: A VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol) phone call device having a settlement terminal function using a wireless interface is provided to connect a telephone having an electronic settlement system to the Internet, perform a VoIP phone function, and perform settlement in on-line by a wireless interface device. CONSTITUTION: A telephone interface device(110) converts a voice signal into an electric signal, and converts a received electric signal into an analog voice signal. A VoIP interface device(120) converts the voice signal generated in the telephone interface device(110) into a digital signal. A card recognizing device(700) recognizes an inserted electronic cash or electronic credit card, and exchanges smart card information. A card wireless interface device(160) processes signals to execute a data communication with the card recognizing device(700) by a certain wireless communication scheme. A memory device(130) stores a control program. A control device(140) receives the control program stored in the memory device(130), controls the voice signal and the digital signal transmitted from the telephone interface device(110) and the VoIP interface device(120), and controls smart card information transmitted and received through the card wireless interface device(160). A network wireless interface device(180) interfaces the digital signal and smart card information with a data communication equipment by the certain wireless communication scheme.


Keratoplasty(KP) is a treatment for corneal disease. It can improve the appearance, restore the anatomical structure, and improve the visual acuity. Traumatic wound dehiscence is located in the host-graft junction after keratoplasty. The wound brings about severe visual damage, eye structure damage and a variety of complications. The clinical ophthalmologists should pay attention to it. This review summarizes the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, related factors and protection of traumatic wound dehiscence after keratoplasty, in order to improve the attention and protection with eye trauma after keratoplasty for clinical ophthalmologists and patients.

Key words:
Keratoplasty; Wound, traumatic dehiscence; Eye rupture


FIELD: biotechnology, immunology. SUBSTANCE: disclosed are method for selective apoptosis inducing in target DR5 expressing cells, method for inhibiting of said target cell proliferation, method for treatment of individual suffering from inflammation or autoimmune disease. Each method includes application of therapeutically effective amount of antibody in solvent form which is specific to DR5 TRAIL-receptor followed by affect to cell with therapeutic amount of one or therapeutic agents. Antibody in concentration of 1 mug/ml has apoptosis inducing activity in target cells expressing DR5 both in vivo and in vitro. Disclosed is composition for selective apoptosis inducing in target DR5 expressing cells based on abovementioned antibody and therapeutic amount of one or more therapeutic agents. EFFECT: effective composition for tumor therapy. 80 cl, 94 dwg, 6 tbl, 30 ex


An extracellular secreted chitinase gene from Aeromonas hydrophila was cloned in Escherichia coli, and the gene product was detected in the culture medium. Like the natural chitinase protein, the excreted chitinase had a molecular weight of approximately 85,000 and was subject to catabolite repression by glucose.


Recognizing visual content in unconstrained videos has become a very important problem for many applications. Existing corpora for video analysis lack scale and/or content diversity, and thus limited the needed progress in this critical area. In this paper, we describe and release a new database called CCV, containing 9,317 web videos over 20 semantic categories, including events like "baseball" and "parade", scenes like "beach", and objects like "cat". The database was collected with extra care to ensure relevance to consumer interest and originality of video content without post-editing. Such videos typically have very little textual annotation and thus can benefit from the development of automatic content analysis techniques. We used Amazon MTurk platform to perform manual annotation, and studied the behaviors and performance of human annotators on MTurk. We also compared the abilities in understanding consumer video content by humans and machines. For the latter, we implemented automatic classifiers using state-of-the-art multi-modal approach that achieved top performance in recent TRECVID multimedia event detection task. Results confirmed classifiers fusing audio and video features significantly outperform single-modality solutions. We also found that humans are much better at understanding categories of nonrigid objects such as "cat", while current automatic techniques are relatively close to humans in recognizing categories that have distinctive background scenes or audio patterns.


A time-domain numerical method to achieve reconstruction of conductor cylinders was considered in this paper. And the obstacle is characterized by the discrete points. The electric field and magnetic field on the extrapolated boundary are solved by Time-Domain Finite Element Method (TD-FEM), and than the far-field value is obtained from it. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and real differential evolution strategy are adopted as the optimization method. Norm of the discrete point's radius vector is set as the independent variables for the fitness function. The perimeter range is got by analyzing the far-field value. Imaging results is achieved by minimize the objective function through the genetic algorithm and real differential evolution strategy (RDE).


Writing a research articles may seem like a daunting task for the inexperienced researcher and at times for those who are experienced!. Nevertheless, this does not need to be the case if the approach is logical and systematic. This article advocates a general way of presenting research articles on any topic and in any field related to medical, dental and public health related disciplines. This article covers some of the most important aspects of writing a scientific paper. To the extent possible, each of these parts should address, in this order: the problem statement, existing solutions, the new solution(s), assumptions and limitations, analysis, simulation and comparison with best competing solutions.


This paper explores the use of multisector models as tools for analyzing the relationship between alternative development strategies, growth, and structural change in a developing country. The paper first considers the evolution of general equilibrium models used for development planning, including input-output models and the recent computable general equilibrium models. The discussion focuses on the applicability of different models to different institutional and policy environments. In the second part of the paper, two models are used to analyze the macroeconomic and sectoral consequences of alternative development strategies. The two models are applied to the 1963-73 period in South Korea and are then used to simulate the impact of an alternative strategy of inward-looking development based on lower export growth and extensive import substitution. While the broad results are similar, the mechanisms embodied in the two models are quite different. A comparison of the empirical results and of the behavioral assumptions in the two models illustrates the range of issues that can be fruitfully investigated with different types of multisector models.


A mechanism is proposed whereby planetary zonal flows can be generated by the resonant interaction of Rossby wave packets whose amplitudes are slowly varying functions of both space and time. Equations are derived describing the long-time behaviour of a resonantly interacting triad. At the first closure certain properties analogous to those already known for discrete waves are deduced. At the second closure, in the particular case when one of the members of the triad is a zonal flow, it is shown that the sideband resonance mechanism can cause energy to be gained or lost by this zonal flow. It is also shown that a single Rossby wave packet can exchange energy with a zonal flow with weak shear. In the final section a resonant quarter mechanism for producing zonal flows is discussed. A numerical estimate of the acceleration of a zonal current from a zero initial state gives values of a few km/day per day.


The aim of our study was to examine the outcome of ACL reconstruction by using four strand hamstring tendon autografts. Material and Methods: the study included 44 patients (29 males,15 females;mean age 26;18–45 years). The diagnosis was based on clinical examination and imaging techniques. The operation was performed arthroscopically 4–62 weeks after the injury. The tendon was fixed in the tibia with an interference screw and in the femur with three different methods cross pin in 16 cases, transfix pin in 11 cases and Endo button in 17 cases. Results: The mean follow up was 28 months (12–42). The mean Lysholm score was improved from 35–65 (mean 49) preoperativelly to 55–100 postoperativelly (mean 88). 5 patients had laxity > 3mm when compared to the healthy knee by using the KT-1000 arhthrometric testing. 2 of the latter patients complained of a feeling of knee joint instability which occurred due to inaccurate positioning of the femoral tunnel. In 2 cases the transfix pins were displaced and removed on the 4th and 15th post-operative month. The tunnel expansion was measured by an X-Ray or a CT scan. The tibial tunnel expansion was 0–2.5mm (mean 1.2) or 18% and the femoral tunnel expansion was 0–3 mm (mean 1.4) or 26%. 8 patients reported mild pain which did not restrict their activities. A 5 degree loss of extension was noticed in one patient who continues physiotherapy. 28 of the above patients suffered also from a meniscal injury that was managed arthroscopically. Conclusion: ACL reconstruction by using four strand hamstring tendon autografts is safe, highly successful with very few complications when proper graft preparation and accurate tunnel placement is achieved.


Operating costs of merchant ships, related to fuel costs, has led the naval industry to search alternatives to the current technologies of propulsion power. A possibility is to employ nuclear reactors like the Russian KLT-40S, which is a pressurized water reactor (PWR) and has experience on civilian surface vessels. However, space and weight are critical factors in a nuclear propulsion project, in addition to operational safety and costs. This work aims at comparing molten salt reactors (MSR) with PWR for merchant ship propulsion. The present study develops a qualitative analysis on weight, volume, overnight costs, fuel costs and nuclear safety. This work compares the architecture and operational conditions of these two types of reactors. The result is that MSR may produce lower amounts of high-activity nuclear tailings and, if it adopts the 233U-thorium cycle, it may have lower risks of proliferating nuclear weapons. Besides proliferation issues, this 4th generation reactor may have lower weight, occupy less space, and achieve the same levels of safety with less investment. Thus, molten salt regenerative reactors using the 233U-thorium cycle are potential candidates for use in ship propulsion.


The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. density and risk of breast cancer by age and tumor characteristics. " Breast Cancer Research : BCR 15 (6): R104. Abstract Introduction: Understanding whether mammographic density (MD) is associated with all breast tumor subtypes and whether the strength of association varies by age is important for utilizing MD in risk models.


A wide range of methods has been proposed to define a major event. The most recent approach is designated as the Beta Method and was developed by the IEEE Working Group on System Design. This letter illustrates some of the shortcomings associated with the Beta Method and particularly the assumption that the daily performance index of an electric power utility can automatically be assumed to be log-normally distributed


Instrumentation. All NOESY experiments were acquired with a Varian Inova 500 MHz NMR spectrometer. The H NMR and C NMR spectra were acquired on a Varian Unity, 300 MHz, Varian Inova, 500 MHz, or Varian Inova, 300 MHz. Melting points were determined with a Büchi Schmelzpunktbestimmungs apparat, calibrated using the melting points of benzophenone and maleic acid. GCMS data was obtained with an Agilent GC 6890 Series (column is HP-5MS crosslinked 5% Ph Me siloxane, 30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm film thickness) coupled to an Agilent MS 5973 Network Mass Selective Detector. Elemental Analysis was performed by Atlantic Microlab, Inc., Norcross, Georgia.


A comparison of results of measuring supraoptic neuron activity was made in normal and in dehydrated rats by the following methods; (1) Measuring the nucleolar diameter of the neurons with a filar micrometer, with an image splitting eyepiece and, with the latter instrument, using the "comparative technique"—all three methods yielded statistically significant differences. (2) Measuring the concentration of cresyl violet in the nucleoli with a microspectrophotometer—a statistically significant difference was found. Also included for comparison were the results of a previous experiment in which the ribonucleic acid and succinic dehydrogenase content of the supraoptic nucleus was measured with a spectrophotometer following chemical extraction. The RNA was found to increase significantly but not the succinic dehydrogenase. Of the methods used for measuring nucleolar diameters the "comparative technique" appeared to be the most rapid from the practical viewpoint.


From the past decade, Video conferencing has become a most important part of the business world since it connects multiple working environments and remote workers to collaborate and work. Video Conferencing (VC) has become the most popular and more reliable tool to lower the gap between people when people cannot travel and have a conversation. Video conferencing helps people save time, reduce travel expenses, and promotes confidence in the conversation. Virtual form of communication also provides transmission of full - motion video images and high-quality audio between multiple locations. Video conferencing uses audio, video telecommunications to bring people together virtually. In the current scenario, it is safe for people to have a conversation with others virtually. In this project, a video conferencing application named Cloud Face has been developed, with the help of the amazon chime SDK. The application uses Web RTC API. The web RTC enabled application adds communication capabilities like messaging, audio, video, and screen sharing by embedding amazon chime SDK by following strict delay constraints and throughput. It helps people to have live interactive communication. The application provides a reliable user experience without the necessity to manage infrastructure, networking, and communication components. This application can also be used in areas that have low network speed as the core of the platform needs only fewer amounts of data for live communication. The developed application has been deployed in the Amazon AWS cloud platform.


Formation of granuloma and production of antibodies in guinea-pigs receiving egg albumen with Freund's adjuvant may be suppressed by cortisone (Fischel, Kabat, Stoerk, Skolnick, and Bezer, 1954). The arthritis induced in rats by Freund's adjuvant may also be prevented by treatment with cortisone (e.g. Houssay and Frangione, 1961; Pearson, Wood, and Waksman, 1961), pyrazolidines, salicylates, and sodium aurothiomalate (Newbould, 1963). Cortisone, for example, has nonspecific antiphlogistic properties, which cannot be excluded in evaluating the mechanism of the cortisone effect in the prevention of this adjuvant-induced arthritis. There are numerous studies in the literature of the preventive effect of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in the primary and secondary immune responses in skin and renal homografts, protein antigens, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, and intramyocardial injections of streptococci (Schwartz, Stack, and Dameshek, 1958; Meeker, Condie, Weiner, Varco, and Good, 1959; Schwartz and Dameshek, 1959, 1960; Schwartz, Eisner, and Dameshek, 1959; Calne, 1960; Hoyer, Condie, and Good, 1960; Thomas, Morton, Crane, and Gardner, 1961; Zukoski, Lee, and Hume, 1961; Pierce and Varco, 1962; Laufer, Ginsburg, Gery, and Davies, 1963). To obtain further information regarding the pathogenesis of the arthritis induced by Freund's adjuvant, the effect of 6-MP on the appearance of this experimental arthritis has been studied.


A microfluidic system was designed, fabricated and implemented to study the behavior of polyelectrolyte capsules flowing in microscale channels. The silicon component of the system contains microchannels that leads into constrictions, which were fabricated using lithography techniques. Polyelectrolyte microcapsules were also fabricated with well-known layer-by-layer assembly technique, on a spherical template. Once the template was removed, the resulting hollow capsules were introduced into the system. The behavior of the capsules at the constrictions was visualized and the properties of the capsules were investigated. Capsules recovered from the system appear to have a undergone a plastic deformation.


Radical ion pairs are generated in acetonitrile solution by photoinduced electron transfer from naphthalene derivatives to cyanobenzenes and undergo reverse electron transfer to the singlet ground and to excited triplet states of the parent compounds. Both pathways lead to chemically induced nuclear polarization of the ground state products. They can be separated because the triplet contribution appears delayed by the triplet lifetime. Variation of the radical pair energy leads to a dominance of either the singlet or triplet channel. The analysis of the absolute net CIDNP effects and their time dependencies yields reaction probabilities for the reverse electron transfers which depend on the appropriate energy gaps as described by the Marcus theory, as well as rate constants for degenerate electron and spin exchange processes. For the donor/acceptor system naphthalene/(E)-1,2-dicyanoethene, the triplet pathway is also found dominant.


Alternative dialysis therapies offer options for improving the dialysis care and lives of patients. This article reviews the available therapies and presents patient-related reasons for offering these therapies. It is through these therapies that we can make a positive difference for patients.


The wide deployment of MPEG-2 video for digital video applications today and the expected use of the recently standardized H.264 video create a strong need for video transcoding between these formats. One of the key problems in video transcoding is complexity reduction. In this paper we present tools to enable low complexity transcoding of MPEG -2 video to the H.264 format. The proposed transcoding approach uses the MPEG-2 DCT coefficients to est imate the direction and derives the H.264 prediction modes based on this estimates. The accuracy of this mode estimation can be improve d if DCT coefficients of the 16x16 and 4x4 blocks are available. The orthonormal and separable properties of the DCT transform matrix are used to develop the DCT block combination and splitting tools. The proposed tools have low computational complexity and reduce the overall transcoding complexity substantially.


In this study, 1,6- ad 1,7-regioisomers of dicyano-substituted perylene bisimides (1,6-C and 1,7-C) were synthesized and successfully isolated from their regioisomeric mixture using conventional methods of separation, and subsequently characterized by 400 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy. This is the first time that the 1,6-dicyanoperylene bisimide 1,6-C has been obtained in pure form. Moreover, the optical and electrochemical properties of 1,6-C and 1,7-C were found to be virtually the same. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations performed on both dyes are reported in order to rationalize their electronic structures and optical properties.


An important functionality of the database management systems (DBMS) in the client/server architecture is the capacity of answer queries of client' applications. In this architecture, it is not always possible to foresee the quantity of results that may be generated from a specific query. So, a query may result in a large amount of records which not always is analyzed by the client, generating a waste of processing. To avoid this waste, the traditional DBMS use the technique of results pagination, which consists in sending the results in the proportion when client needs to analyze them. However, the traditional DBMS do not manipulate data where the similarity is the only relation between the domain elements. For this data domain, there is no support for the results pagination technique and a range query may return a very large list which will not be analyzed by the client. In order to minimize this problem, this paper presents a new query called "Next Range Query", that allows the pagination results in control in the client. The principle of the "Next Range Query" is to fragment the query in many queries allowing to forward and backward in the results list.


On the basis of the integrated approach the authors consider various techniques of strategic cost accounting which is a new direction in the evolving theory and methodology of accounting. The paper reveals techniques' essence, classifies and systematizes them. Finally, the authors propose their own classification of the product life cycle stages.


This paper presents our solution for jointly parsing of syntactic and semantic dependencies. The Maximum Entropy (ME) classifier is selected in this system. Also the Mutual Information (MI) model was utilized into feature selection of dependency labeling. Results show that the MI model allows the system to get better performance and reduce training hours.


In this paper we present Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer integral field unit spectroscopic observations of the ∼70 × 30 kpc2 Lyα halo around the radio galaxy 4C04.11 at z = 4.5077. High-redshift radio galaxies are hosted by some of the most massive galaxies known at any redshift and are unique markers of concomitant powerful active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity and star formation episodes. We map the emission and kinematics of the Lyα across the halo as well as the kinematics and column densities of eight H i absorbing systems at −3500 < ∆v < 0 km s−1. We find that the strong absorber at ∆v ∼ 0 km s−1 has a high areal coverage (30 × 30 kpc2), being detected across a large extent of the Lyα halo, a significant column density gradient along the southwest to northeast direction, and a velocity gradient along the radio jet axis. We propose that the absorbing structure, which is also seen in C iv and Nv absorption, represents an outflowing metal-enriched shell driven by a previous AGN or star formation episode within the galaxy and is now caught up by the radio jet, leading to jet-gas interactions. These observations provide evidence that feedback from AGN in some of the most massive galaxies in the early Universe may play an important role in redistributing material and metals in their environments.


This paper examined the issue of economic marginalisation in some selected states in the Niger Delta. The issue of economic marginalization of the Niger Delta peoples of Nigeria appears to have got worse as a result of discovery of the "black gold" called petroleum in Olobiri (1956) in commercial quantity.  The objectives of this study are to examine the effects of economic marginalization on the Niger Delta and to proffer possible solutions. This study addressed the following research questions: is the existence of oil and the presence of oil companies responsible for the economic marginalization of the Niger Delta? Is the lopsided Fiscal Federal structure the cause of economic marginalization of the Niger Delta? The study utilised primary data of information sourced through structured and unstructured questionnaires that were administered to the respondents using random sampling method. The findings from the study revealed that the lop-sided fiscal structure, pollution and degradation as a result of oil spill, as well as the minority status of the Niger Delta are responsible for the economic marginalisation of the people.  It is recommended that employment opportunities should be provided for the youths so that they would no longer be idle and thereby be a ready instrument for violence. Also, the multinational oil companies should apply internationally acceptable standards on the issue of environment. Keywords : economic marginalization, niger delta, fiscal policy, pollution, oil companies


1,5diphenylcarbazone was immobilized on sodium dodecyl sulfate coated alumina. The alumina particle was effectively used for collection of mercury (II) and methylmercury cations at sub-ppb level. The adsorbed mercury was eluted with 1 mol L-1 of hydrobromic acid solution. The mercury (II) was then directly measured by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry utilizing tin (II) chloride where as the total mercury was determined after the oxidation of methylmercury into the inorganic mercury. The methylmercury concentration was calculated by the difference between th e value of total mercury and mercury (II). Mercury (II) and methylmercury cations were completely recovered from water with a preconcentration factor of 100 (for 1 L solution). Relative standard deviation at Hg L 卩 g L-1 level 1.7% (n = 8) and the limit of detection was 0.11 卩g L-1. The procedure was applied to spring water, well water and seawater and accuracy was assessed through recovery experiments.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are inflammatory rheumatic diseases, each with its own characteristic features and typical presentation. However, diseases do not always present similar to the way they are outlined in the textbook. This article examines the cases of two American Indian patients who had a PMR-like presentation of RA. The first patient was vastly seronegative except for 14.3.3 ETA, a dynamic biomarker with high specificity for RA. This appears to be a novel presentation, as there have not been prior documented cases of PMR-like onset of isolated 14.3.3 ETA+ RA. The second patient was noted to have an atypical PMR-like exacerbation of strongly triple seropositive RA. Intense lifestyle treatment combined with standard/conventional therapy led to a significant resolution of symptoms in both cases.


A PV system's power output is not stable and fluctuates depending on weather conditions. Using a battery is one feasible measure to stabilize a PV system's power output, but it requires additional costs and results in additional waste of used batteries. In this paper, we propose a new measure for smoothing the short‐term change in a PV system's power output, which is performed by tuning the characteristics of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control without additional equipment. In our proposed measure, when the insolation increases rapidly, the operation point of MPPT control changes to a new point where the maximum power is not generated with the current insolation, so that the rate of increase in the PV system's power output is limited to a certain value. In order to evaluate the effect of the proposed measure on the operation of electric power systems, we evaluated the required capacity of generators for load‐frequency control (LFC). It was revealed that the additional LFC capacity is not required even in the case where penetration of PV systems reaches 5% of the utility system's total capacity if the proposed measure is applied to all PV systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(2): 10–17, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20106


Natural killer cells are a key component in the immune control of viral infections. Their functions are controlled by inhibitory receptors for major histocompatability complex (MHC) class I, including the killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR). KIR2DL3 in combination with its cognate human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐C ligand has been shown to be associated with spontaneous resolution of viremia following hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In order to determine if this gene combination is advantageous across all potential outcomes following HCV exposure, we studied individuals with apparent resistance to HCV infection who remain seronegative and aviremic despite long‐term injection drug use and also individuals chronically infected with HCV who successfully clear HCV with treatment. Homozygosity for KIR2DL3 in combination with group 1 HLA‐C allotypes was more frequent in exposed seronegative aviremic individuals as compared to those with chronic HCV (25.0% versus 9.7%, P = 0.003, odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3‐7.1) in a model similar to that found for those spontaneously resolving HCV. In individuals undergoing treatment for HCV, those with KIR2DL3 and group 1 HLA‐C were more likely to make a sustained virological response (SVR) (P = 0.013, OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1‐4.5). KIR and HLA‐C protection in both treatment response and spontaneously resolving HCV was validated at the allelic level, in which KIR2DL3‐HLA‐Cw*03 was associated with SVR (P = 0.004, OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.5‐8.7) and KIR2DL3/KIR2DL3‐HLA‐Cw*03 was associated with spontaneous resolution of HCV infection (P = 0.01, OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2‐4.4). Conclusion: KIR and HLA‐C genes are consistently beneficial determinants in the outcome of HCV infection. This advantage extends to the allelic level for both gene families. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.)


We make use of the recent large sample of 17 042 Mg II absorption systems from Quider et al. to analyze the evolution of the redshift number density. Regardless of the strength of the absorption line, we find that the evolution of the redshift number density can be clearly distinguished into three different phases. In the intermediate redshift epoch (0.6 ≲ z ≲ 1.6), the evolution of the redshift number density is consistent with the non-evolution curve, however, the non-evolution curve over-predicts the values of the redshift number density in the early (z ≲ 0.6) and late (z ≳ 1.6) epochs. Based on the invariant cross-section of the absorber, the lack of evolution in the redshift number density compared to the non-evolution curve implies the galaxy number density does not evolve during the middle epoch. The flat evolution of the redshift number density tends to correspond to a shallow evolution in the galaxy merger rate during the late epoch, and the steep decrease of the redshift number density might be ascribed to the small mass of halos during the early epoch.


An enhancement of hydrophilicity for chlorided aluminas was demonstrated by the results obtained from gaseous H2O sorptions at 70-, 80-, and 86-percent relative humidity on alpha and gamma aluminum oxide particulates and on alpha and gamma aluminum oxide particulates with a chemisorbed surface chloride phase (produced by reactions of gaseous HCl + H2O on alumina). Continuous sorption histories for H2O on chlorided aluminas having specific surface areas that range from 7 to 227 sq m/g before chloriding indicated that initial sorption rates were directly linked to the extent of chemisorbed chlorided coverage and implied the same relationship for sorption capacities. The initial sorption rate on chlorided aluminas was found to be slower for the first exposure to H2O than for subsequent exposures (which reached equilibrated H2O coverages much faster), suggesting that slow chemical reactions between H2O and chlorided alumina may have been operative during initial exposures. Chlorided alumina particles were found to remain very hydrophilic (relative to nonchlorided analogs) for several H2O sorption/desorption cycles.


A three-dimensional multi-density fluidized bed was simulated by using computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM) at two superficial gas velocities.The mixing and segregation behavior of particles at two different superficial gas velocities was compared.Results showed that different degree of segregation phenomenon existed in the fluidized bed.The obviously segregation phenomenon that heavy particles moved down and light particles moved up occurred when the superficial gas velocity was low,being larger than the critical fluidization velocity of the lightest particles but smaller than that of the heaviest particles.But the segregation phenomenon was not clear when the superficial gas velocity was higher than the maximum critical fluidization velocity.The mixing and segregation behavior of particles at two different superficial gas velocities was described by Lacey indexes.Results show that particles with smaller density difference have larger mixing index and are more difficult to be segregated,and that with larger density difference have smaller mixing index and can be segregated much more completely.


A new type pitch produced from crude petroleum was studied with a view to utilizing for production of metallurgical coke. This pitch has 0. 5-0. 6 C/H, about 200°C softeningpoint and high aromaticity. Adding to a charge coal for coke oven, the pitch increase the strength of the coke produced, and furthermore it was find that the qualities of the coke produced from some non coking coals are as good as some cokes from strongly coking coals.Moreover, it seems to the authors that application of hot briquetting technique to this pitch would has an advantages of the method in simple blending of the pitch to coals.On these results, the authors suggested some examples of system for production of "so called modified strongly coking coal" from non coking coals, and discussed these process.


The invention discloses a recipe and a preparation method of crispy egg roll. The egg roll is prepared from materials of eggs, sweet potatoes, low-gluten flour, white sugar, butter, milk, salt and black sesame. The invention provides a preparation method of the crispy egg roll which is a food with good taste and rich nutrition and is suitable for people who are not suitable for taking sweet food or who do not like sweet food, and particularly the egg roll is suitable for being eaten often; however, eggs are rich in phosphorus but is relatively inadequate in calcium, so that the nutrition can be complemented if eggs are taken with milk together. The eggs are also rich in vitamin A and vitamin B, so that the egg roll is a food which can be digested and absorbed by infants, and due to the rich calcium, vitamins and mineral substances, the egg roll can also be called as the source for healthy growth of infants; and moreover the egg roll is easy to prepare and popularize and is an edible product which is sufficient in strength and good in taste.


PURPOSE: An optical sheet and backlight unit using the same is provided to prevent irregularity and interference and obtain sticking prevention property and high total light transmittance. CONSTITUTION: The interference phenomenon or the brightness irregularity can be controlled effectively. The optical unit(4) is laminated in one side of the transparent base film(2). The sticking prevention layer(3) is laminated in the other side of the base film. The sticking prevention layer comprises the filler(5) and resin binder(6). The average thickness of the flat part of the sticking prevention layer is over 50nm 150nm or less. The average particle diameter of filler is over 70nm 200nm or less. The filler contain the small diameter filler and large diameter filler.


Natural infection of tospoviruses on three cucurbitaceous (Cucumis sativus, cucumber; Luffa acutangula, ridge gourd; Citrullus lanatus, watermelon) and three fabaceous (Vigna unguiculata, cowpea; Phaseolus vulgaris, French bean; Dolichos lablab, sem) vegetable crops in India was identified on the basis of nucleocapsid protein (NP) gene characteristics. The complete NP gene of the cowpea isolate from Kerala and the sem isolate from Tamil Nadu was 831 nucleotides long, encoding a protein of 276 amino acids. For other Tospovirus isolates from cucumber, French bean, ridge gourd and watermelon, the partial NP gene (291 nt) was sequenced. Comparative NP gene sequence analyses revealed that fabaceous isolates shared maximum identity both at the nucleotide (92–97%) and amino acid (93–97%) levels with the corresponding region of Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV), whereas cucurbitaceous isolates shared maximum identity both at nucleotide (93–99%) and amino acid (95–98%) levels with the corresponding region of Watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV), results suggesting that the Tospovirus isolates infecting fabaceous hosts should be regarded as strain of GBNV, whereas those infecting cucurbitaceous hosts as a strain of WBNV. Nucleocapsid protein gene was conserved both in GBNV and WBNV isolates originating from different hosts and locations.


The electron temperature of a mercury are plasma (are current 2·25 A and 2·5 A) has been measured spectroscopically in an axial magnetic field varying from zero to 1050 gauss. It has been noted that the electron temperature decreases with the increase of the magnetic field. Considering the physical processes involved in a mercury are discharge where the buffer gas is air and the pressure low, a model has been developed in which air plays the role of a quenching gas, and it has been found that in this type of discharge both atomic and molecular ions of mercury are present. Assuming the presence of both types of ions a radial distribution function for the electron density has been deduced and an expression for T e/T eB has been obtained. It has been found that within the range of (B/P) values used here the experimental results are in quantitative agreement, with the theoretical deduction. The increase of radial electron density in an axial magnetic field as obtained by the probe method can also be explained...


SnO2 gas sensors were irradiated by 1.75 MeV electron beams and effects of the EB irradiation on the performance of the sensors were studied.The results showed that sensitivity of the irradiated SnO2 sensors to hydrogen and ethanol were greatly improved.The sensitivity and coefficient of selectivity to hydrogen and ethanol were enhanced with increasing doses,whereas the response and recovery time decreased.Mechanism of the sensitivity improvement of the irradiated SnO2 sensors was discussed with the adsorption theory on surface.


Studies have indicated that approximately 30% of people with heart disease experience major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite strong clinical evidence of a link between the two diseases, the neurobiological processes involved in the relationship are poorly understood. A growing number of studies are revealing similar neuroanatomical and neurochemical abnormalities resulting from both depression and heart disease. The locus coeruleus (LC) is a group of neurons in the pons that synthesize and release norepinephrine, and that is known to play a significant role in depression pathobiology. For example, there is evidence that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is elevated in the LC in depression. In addition, there is evidence that the LC plays a role in cardiovascular autonomic regulation. The hippocampus is another region that exhibits abnormalities in both depression and heart disease. In this study, the levels of TH in the hippocampus and LC were examined in the guinea pig pressure-overload model of heart disease. TH levels were also measured in the pressure-overload model treated with vagal nerve stimulation, a new investigational therapeutic intervention in heart disease. This study found that there were no changes in TH levels in the LC or the hippocampus of the pressure-overload model or in the pressure-overload model treated with vagal nerve stimulation.


Anyone who attempts to produce a political atlas of Britain for every parliamentary election since 1885, as Dr Kinnear has done, faces formidable difficulties. A map of the country small enough to go on to even a large page does not clearly show the smaller constituencies; and unless colour is used, it is difficult to produce enough variants of shading to indicate the complexities of political affiliations. There are grave difficulties of another type in preparing comparative maps of such things as the class, occupational, or religious characteristics of the constituencies, as the census and other possible sources from which the details are to be obtained do not (except in the case of Scotland) use the constituencies as their categories. Dr Kinnear is aware of these difficulties and attempts in one way or another to surmount them, but not with great success. Although the student of politics, whether the novice or the advanced psephologist, may obtain some insights from the perusal of the volume, he is in grave danger of being led astray. The shading of a map, or the drawing of a boundary, is a very definite commitment: it does not allow for the qualification which a literary historian can convey in a page of prose. It is a pity that the reader of this volume should obtain, along with the extra definition that the pattern offers to the eye, a good deal of downright error. This applies particularly to the maps of class, occupation and religion. It is, for instance, very misleading to attempt to assess the distribution of non-conformists by constituency simply by going through the membership statistics of the leading sects and assigning the totals of individual chapels or circuits on the basis of the postal address of the chapel or circuit. Quite apart from the danger of missing the weaker sects, which tend to be strong in particular localities, the method fails to take account of the fact that chapel congregations, and particularly members of Methodist circuits, are likely to overlap constituency boundaries. Similarly, in working out the mining vote Dr Kinnear has not used the painstaking method adopted by Dr Gregory in his Miners and British Politics, igo6-igi^, but has used the census figures, and where discrepancy arises over boundaries, as with rural districts which overlap constituency boundaries, ' the population of the rural districts has been apportioned between the constituencies involved in the ratio of the distribution of parishes'. There is also a map which shows the proportion of people in each constituency who are engaged in middle-class occupations. As the author allots all those classified as ' public administration, including military,' to the middle class, it is perhaps not surprising that Aldershot, with all its soldiers, emerges as a constituency of the highest social class. But in addition, the same boundary problem dogs the author. He unwisely assumes that in all divided boroughs, the proportion of people in middle-class occupations is consistent throughout, so that, for instance, the Scotland and West Derby constituencies of Liverpool are put on the same social level.


During the three centuries following the fall of the Roman Empire the repertoire of the glass blowers in the north-west of Europe was mainly confined to simple shapes of drinking vessels, without the embellishment of handles and appliques such as had adorned the more expensive Roman products. The only exception to this simplicity in production was the claw-beaker ( Russelbecher ), and this has therefore received a great deal of attention from archaeologists who were intrigued to discover when, where, and also why they were made. As a result of these studies a general system of typology and chronology has gradually been established, but there are now reasons for re-opening the subject. First, new claw-beakers have come to light in recent excavations which add considerably to the facts so far assembled as to typology and chronology; secondly, only a small proportion of the work done on these glasses has appeared in English publications, and, thirdly, the claw-beakers found in Anglo-Saxon England have not been subjected to an examination focused on them as an insular group (rather than as a peripheral phenomenon of the continental series) with particular attention to dating by association. It is hoped that each of the aspects of the subject developed here will produce fresh evidence of vital interest.


Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese belongs to the pine species that grows naturally in Indonesia, particularly in Sumatra: Aceh, Tapanuli and Kerinci. The Perhutani has managed and developed P merkusii as a source for the state revenue. Wood and resin are the most important products of the P merkusii tree.The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of the tree growth based on its resin productivity and its characteristic flow pattern per unit time to support the completion of the project. This study was conducted at KPH Banyumas Barat in March-October 2018. The height and periphery of the trees were the data parameters for the growth evaluation. The resin productivity was evaluated for a year based on the characteristic flow pattern approach by using the drill tapping method on 201 sample trees which was repeated weekly. According to the statistical analysis, the tree's periphery has a positive effect on the resin productivity whereas the height has a negative one, which means that the cultivation of the pine tree is highly affected by the selected sylviculture. The research showed, by conducting a systematic measurement of the resin productivity of the 201 chosen trees reveals the existence of a good characteristic of resin pattern productivity in 10 individuals trees. The characteristic of resin productivity output pattern sequentially increased with a peak in May-August. This characteristic data is very useful for the Perhutani to optimize the cultivation of the entire P merkusii class for future endeavors.