This paper considers two types of previous analyses of adjunct control and their problems and we address the way adjunct control constructions are derived via late merger and complementation mechanism. To obtain the control properties in adjunct control, we have suggested three steps: 1) the adjunct clause of adjunct control structures is merged into the matrix clause postcyclically, 2) the late-merged adjunct undergoes the process of complementation of matrix clause for the correct interpretation between the adjunct clause and the matrix clause, and 3) the copy in the adjunct clause is always deleted, capturing the control property in adjunct clause.


During the post-Civil War decades, the major Eastern literary magazines – the Atlantic, Scribner's, Harper's – came to serve, in Malcolm Cowley's phrase, as the "principal voices of the genteel era." The business of the magazines – with Boston's Atlantic at the head – was delivering "culture" to the middle class. As Walt Whitman wrote in his essay "Personalism," published in The Galaxy in May 1868, "The writers of a time hint the mottoes of its gods. The word of the modern, say these voices, is the word Culture." But in pointing out that the culture everywhere advocated by American writers was based largely on European models, Whitman exposes a pathetic irony: "Never, in the Old World, was thoroughly upholster'd exterior appearance and show, mental and other, built entirely on the idea of caste, and on the sufficiency of mere outside acquisition – never were glibness, verbal intellect, more the test, the emulation – more loftily elevated as head and sample – than they are on the surface of our republican States this day." In their slavish worship of European models and consequent devaluation of the native, American writers had become the high priests of a thin and bloodless "culture" that was distributed abroad through the magazines. Whitman shrewdly recognized, as Alan Trachtenberg has written, that genteel culture had become an instrument of "social control."


The antagonistic action of histamine to antihistaminics was utudies on the frog's mesenterial blood vesssels by means of perfusion with microscopic observation and also the examinations were carried out with perfusing various drugs through the blood vessels of other regions from varied animals, where the antagonism concerning with the capillar permeability was recognized in rabbits and mice.


'Ke','li'and 'mei' are three individual measure words for obiects.There are samenesses and differences in their semanteme and usage.They can embellish and restrict an uniform noun,as well as they collocate distinct nouns respectively to distinguish size and shape of objects.This article try to analyze and distinguish the semantic features of these three thesaurus,and then find out the discipline of their collocation with nouns by means of cognitive linguistics.


Abstract Developing human organizations for sustainable excellence requires important adjustments in the way we understand their nature and study their behaviour. The very concept of sustainability requires a view of a human organization as a living entity, in sharp contrast to that of a 'machine-like' creation designed to achieve specific goals. This reflects a critical shift in the mindset of leaders and managers from that of a 'commander' giving orders or a 'mechanic' fixing problems, to one of a 'gardener' preparing the soil for trees or flowers to grow. In such a living systems framework, today's dominant 'command-and-control' approach, typical for human organizations viewed as 'complex machines', must give way to one of development and continual adaptation. Once we adopt a living systems mindset for human organizations, the achievement of sustainable excellence is nourished by creating the following conditions: (1) The acceptance of alternating stability and novelty as inevitable in the way nature unfolds like a dance between order and chaos (lack of order), leading to new systems capable of superior adaptation and performance. Living systems thrive only when pushed away from their comfort zone, the area in which they must reconfigure themselves. (2) The need to learn to cope with several paradoxes, i.e. seemingly incompatible conditions, or directions of movement. Human organizations in a business ecology setting need to both cooperate and compete, to rely on stable predictable methods in some periods and on novel ways in other periods of rapid change. (3) The need to employ both traditional and emergent leadership. The first is needed to articulate and focus on a compelling vision providing a clear sense of direction and a strong motivation to act, the second is needed to stimulate innovation through enriching and strengthening both the nodes and the links of the complex web of human informal networks. (4) The development of a new language to communicate effectively new concepts and methods, when previous ways to describe reality prove inadequate. We need new terms, new images and new metaphors to convey the richness and complexity of human organizations as living systems, such as those of self-organization, emergence, and others, much like the new language (browsers, firewalls, etc) needed for using computers or the Internet.


Kriging methods have been widely used in spatial and temporal interpolation for meteorological elements, in the meantime, many improved kriging methods have been proposed, such as Universal Kriging, Co-Kriging, Disjunctive Kriging and so on. Therefore, this paper should give a brief overview of these improved methods, and highlight the advance of this paper method compared with the existing methods. The experimental section is lack of adequate contrast experiments with other existing interpolation methods (especially the representative improved kriging methods).


In the fight against climate change, the Scottish Government has a commitment for half of its total electricity consumption to be produced from renewable sources by 2020. The lion's share of the green electricity needed for achieving these very ambitious targets will have to come from wind power. However, recent years show that successfully developing new wind farm sites is far from easy. A certain lack of social acceptance on the local level frequently plays a significant role in this, despite opinion polls indicating an approval rate of over 80% amongst the general public. Explanations for that gap have been sought to help develop recommendations that might facilitate in successfully working with communities to achieve the set climate change targets. Knowledge of wind power generation is sometimes mentioned as a potential factor for people's attitudes towards wind farms in their own communities. However, research on what actual level of knowledge people possess is rather sparse and relies on the personal self-assessment of the respondents. Therefore, this research focuses on an objective way of furthering the understanding of what people in Scotland know on wind power generation.


This paper presents the conclusions of AJACS (Applying Java to Automotive Control Systems, http://www.ajacs.org), a 2.5 years European initiative 1 including Trialog and PSA Peugeot-Citroen, aiming to specify, develop and demonstrate an open technology allowing the use of Java in deeply embedded automotive control systems running on top of OSEK / OS.


Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes (APS) are rare autoimmune endocrinopathies, characterized by the association of two or more organ-specific disorders. Type II Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes (APS II) comprises the association of Addison's disease with thyroid autoimmune disease and/or type 1 diabetes mellitus. Although the classic presentation is symptomatic hypotension, it can manifest as an adrenal crisis - a life-threatening condition. We report a case of a 41-year-old woman with prolonged asthenia, cutaneous hyperpigmentation and symptomatic hypotension refractory to intravenous fluids. APS II was diagnosed with a presentation of an Addisonian crisis, resolved after the onset of hydrocortisone.


Abstract Although the concept of universal design for learning (UDL) is well understood in the world of architecture and in the area of special education, its use to increase the academic performance of high school English learners (ELs) is not widely explored. To reduce this void, this article presents an overview of the UDL concept and its principles, applies UDL to classroom instruction and assessment of high school ELs, and offers suggestions on how UDL can be infused in preparation programs for secondary education teachers. This article also provides an example of how a school system has integrated UDL into its educational framework to increase academic accessibility for all.


One of many kind of welding which be used to joint and give connection in steel construction is submerged Arch Welding or SAW. The principle of SAW weld use electricity current to result arc thus it may melt filler wire, the something is
unique in SAW joint is the fluid of welding steel submerged in flux. The goal of this study is to know influence of different Mn containing to filler to SAW joint to strength impact to welding region and HAZ region of API 5LX60
steel. It is done by giving temperature variation at time to testing. In this study writer use API 5LX60 steel as material, it is caused the steel is produced based on the API (American Petroleum Institute) standard. The API 5lx60
with 5L specification constitute specification which be standard by making convention and distribution from line pipe to oil, water and gas by special using.


In this letter, the authors performed a comprehensive study on suppression mechanism of compensation from nitrogen and carbon related complex defects in N-doped ZnO grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The chemical bonding information of donorlike substitutional complex defects, (NN)O and (NC)O, were restrained with low N/O ratio, leading to the conduction type conversion. High epitaxial temperature has more suppressing effect on the formation of desired acceptor NO than that of (NC)O, as evident by the decreasing hole concentration. Upon utilization of such suppression effect, this study provides a promising route to realize p-type ZnO.


The invention discloses an outdoor blind guiding robot based on a global position system (GPS), general packet radio service (GPRS) and a radio frequency identification devices (RFID) and a navigational positioning method. The outdoor blind guiding robot comprises an outdoor blind guiding robot body and a remote service platform, wherein the outdoor blind guiding robot body comprises a vehicle body and a navigation handle, and the vehicle body is sequentially divided into four layers from bottom to top. The navigational positioning method includes that the GPS and an RFID module are adopted to position blind persons and broadcast position navigation information through voices; a GPRS module is adopted to achieve two-way transmission of data between the blind guiding robot and family members or the remote service platform, and the blind persons are monitored and are remotely guided to advance; when the blind persons have accidents, voice help calling can be performed by the GPRS module to the remote service platform; and the image recognition technology is adopted to recognize manual navigation road signs and friendly tracks on the roads so as to ensure accuracy and safety of routes. The outdoor blind guiding robot and the navigational positioning method solve the outdoor traveling problem of the blind persons.


GaAs(001)c(4×4) surfaces were obtained in the 380–450 °C temperature range by thermal desorption of As cap layers from substrates prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. Although reflection high‐energy electron diffraction patterns showed little change in the temperature range explored, in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and Auger spectroscopy, complemented by ex situ atomic force microscopy, indicate that in the lower‐temperature range examined up to 11%–12% of the surface may still be occupied by adsorbed As in the form of wires and particles preferentially oriented along 〈100〉 directions.


The success of multi‐model ensemble combination has been demonstrated in many studies. Given that a multi‐model contains information from all participating models, including the less skilful ones, the question remains as to why, and under what conditions, a multi‐model can outperform the best participating single model. It is the aim of this paper to resolve this apparent paradox.


In this paper a method is described for the determination of main component in industrial calaium chloride with mercury film micro-siver electrode testing in supporting electrolyte of NH4cl-NH3. H2O(PH=11), Iron and manganese dont interfer the determination. This method has been successfully applied to determinate of Calcium chloride with EDTA. Three samples has been determinined and standard deviation of determination is 0.03%-0.06%. This method is accurate, rapid and can be applied to the determination of main component in industrial calcium chloride.


Since 1982, the Western Aeronautical Test Range of the Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility has been separating the data acquisition and processing function required on all telemetry pulse code modulation (PCM) data and the display processing function required in the flight research mission control centers (MCCs). These two functions historically have been done on the same set of superminicomputers remote from the MCCs. Removing the display processing function from the realm of the superminis or telemetry-radar acquisition and processing system (TRAPS) and out into the MCCs will allow the research engineers the flexibility to configure their own display processing system to optimize performance during a flight research mission. Meanwhile, the TRAPS will have more time to acquire data. One of the processors chosen is an IBM PC/AT compatible rack-mounted personal computer. This class and type machine will not only allow the transfer of the display processing function into the MCCs, but also allow the research engineers a personalized set of analytic and display tools for use on their own unique sets of data.


Andrew Jackson said that the duties of public office in the earlypart of the nineteenth century were "so plain and simple" that "men of intelligence can readily qualify." But Jackson himself unconsciously admitted the untruth of the statement even at that time when he complained of the difficulty of securing honest and effective tax collection with a constant turnover in tax officials. Regardless of the situation one hundred years ago, today governmental functions are technical and require special competence for their successful performance.


Focusing on the introduction of the Huarun power plant gravel pile project on Caofeidian.It discusses the reinforcement theory and construction technology.Testing and analyzing the vibroflotation results.Pointing out that adopting the vibroflotation reinforce and treat the soft soil foundation has good effect,the construction is high efficiency,reducing the engineering period and the project cost.


The thermal-neut ron diffusion length in a hydrogenous m edium can be sim ply de termined by measur ing t he variat ion of the t hermal-neut ron density at large radii from t he center of a p hoto neutron source. The necessary requirement is t hat the relaxa tion length of t he source in a medium be less t han t he diffu sion length , so that diffusion d ominates a t large radii . Using a R a-Be phot oneut ron source, t he diffusion length of t hermal neutrons was determined by indium-foil measurements a t la rge radii. A value of 2.763 ± O.015 ern was obtained . This result was confirmed in a second experiment wit h an Sb!24-Be source.


We derive an asymmetry parameter using wind speeds acquired from Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite observations between 2015 and 2017 in Northwest Pacific Ocean. This parameter is related to the environmental vertical wind shear and the translation velocity, which is used to investigate typhoon surface wind asymmetry. It is shown that the proposed asymmetry parameter significantly increases with the increasing of the vertical wind shear, but not for the moving speed. We also analyze the relationship between the typhoon asymmetry and the intensity, showing obvious surface wind asymmetry phenomenon often exists in the weak typhoons.


This article describes the use of an electronic nose (the Cyranose 320) to sense and identify three species of bacteria responsible for ear, nose, and throat (ENT) infections. Gathered data were a complex mixture of different chemical compounds. An innovative approach for classifying the bacteria data was investigated by using a combination of several clustering algorithms. The best results suggest that the three classes of bacteria examined can be predicted with up to 98% accuracy, allowing more precise diagnosis of ENT infection in patients. This type of bacteria data analysis and feature extraction is difficult, but it can be concluded that combined use of the analysis methods described here can solve the feature extraction problem with very complex data and enhance the performance of electronic noses.


By means of the establishment of thermal stability evaluation model and simulating in Hua-feng factory residential building ,the influence law of thermal properties on building thermal stability are obtained,especially the influence law of heat storage on building thermal stability and the best thermal inertia index value of envelope enclosure in Hot-humid and Cold-humid Area.


A new triterpenoidal saponin was isolated from the methanol extract of Achyranthes fauriei roots (Amaranthaceae). The structure of this saponin was elucidated as $3-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-olean-12-en-28-O-3-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl$ ester.


A wide variety of scientific fields ranging from medicine to astronomy need sensitive, inexpensive far infrared (IR) photodetectors. Using rf sputtering and post-deposition annealing in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), the authors manufactured bulk (4,000 nm) films of crystalline Ge{sub 0.83}Sn{sub 0.17}. This Sn concentration is much greater than the solid solubility limit of Sn in Ge (x {le} 0.01). Continued annealing thermally induces Sn phase separation from the alloy, limiting the ultimate attainable grain size in the metastable crystals. The authors examine, here, the mechanisms and kinetics of the processes limiting the size of the Ge{sub 0.83}Sn{sub 0.17} polycrystals. From a combination of DSC, electron microprobe, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, they propose phase transformation mechanisms corresponding to crystallization of amorphous Ge{sub 0.83}Sn{sub 0.17}, crystallization of an as-yet unidentified phase of Sn, and phase separation of Sn from the Ge{sub 1{minus}x}Sn{sub x} crystals. They were unable to observe the unidentified phase of Sn in XRD, but the phase must be present in the material to account for the quantitative discrepancies (as much as 8 at.%) in Sn percentages determined from each of the DSC, XRD, and electron microprobe measurements. The models for the various transformation kinetics were corroborated bymore » the subsequent phase-separated Sn melting behavior observed in the DSC: two Sn melting endotherms, one of which was 20--100 C lower than the bulk melting temperature of Sn. This depressed temperature endotherm they speculate represents liquefaction of nanometer-sized {beta}-Sn clusters.« less


In the stress of these wartimes every man-hour lost, whether due to labor difficulties or to disease, is a distinct setback of the hour of victory. The first cause is beyond medical control, but we can do something about the second. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis has taken an enormous toll of man-hours during the past year, for the average loss of working time incurred in each case is from fourteen to eighteen days. Consequently any measure that can reduce such wastage is worth trying, even though it may not be uniformly successful. On that basis we are reporting the use of a new therapeutic measure that in our hands has proved worth while. It is realized that the number of cases is small, that the results are only those of clinical observation and that the accurate serologic proof is missing. Two years ago Turnbull of Los Angeles developed a stabilized solution of


This report describes the results of international comparison COOMET.M.M-S1 (also known as supplementary comparison COOMET 581/GE/12). The comparison measurements between the two participants GEOSTM (pilot laboratory) and PTB were started in August 2012 and finished in June 2013. The transfer standards were OIML Class E2 standard weights with nominal mass values of 1 kg, 10 g and 50 mg. Agreement between the two participants is good. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).


This paper introduces using AutoCAD VBA programming languages,and combined with Geoway software to realize contour data automatic processing and the method of the examination.Practice has proved that using this method can reduce artificial check intervention process,this method greatly enhances the production efficiency.


The number of studies seeking to explain the technologies of Israeli rule in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPTs) from 1967 has been on the rise in the last two decades, due in part to the persistent Israeli occupation and dwindling chances for a possible withdrawal from these territories. This possibility directly contradicts the Israeli government's agreement with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), which opened up the possibility for a Palestinian state in these areas: in other words, the two-state formula, which aimed to separate Israel from millions of Palestinians and stabilize the status quo. However, the intensified settlement process vis-à-vis the future Palestinian state has led many Israeli scholars to admit that the Israeli presence in these areas is not temporary. Critical Israeli thinkers began highlighting the contradictions between Israeli official discourse in peace negotiations and the practical policies on the ground that express opposed intentions. Others explored various dimensions of the technologies of control utilized by Israel's army and other state institutions. These studies greatly contributed to our understanding of the expanding Israeli colonization in the West Bank, thereby exposing the expansive tendencies of Zionism, something that was not seriously considered in the past. One of the central dimensions that Israeli occupation scholarship began to address is the legal and constitutional justifications for settling what is considered, in Israeli legal tradition, state land. These studies demonstrated


There is a lack of consensus in the literature on the influence of the median particle size on stress wave velocity in cohesionless soils. For assemblies of spherical particles with Hertzian contac...


Objectives In the personalisation of hearing aid fittings, gain is often clinically adjusted to patient preferences using live speech. When using brief sentences as stimuli, the minimum gain adjustments necessary to elicit preferences ('preference thresholds') were previously found to be much greater than typical adjustments in current practice. The current study examined the role of duration on preference thresholds. Design Participants heard 2, 4 and 6-s segments of a continuous monologue presented in pairs. Participants judged whether the second stimulus of each pair, with a {+/-}0-12 dB gain adjustment in one of three frequency bands, was "better", "worse" or "no different" from the first at their individual real-ear or prescribed gain. Study Sample Twenty-nine adults, all with hearing-aid experience. Results The minimum gain adjustments to elicit "better" or "worse" judgments decreased with increasing duration for most adjustments. Inter-participant agreement and intra-participant reliability increased with increasing duration. The effect of duration, however, decreased with increasing duration, with no increase in agreement or reliability for 6-s vs. 4-s segments. Conclusions Providing longer stimuli improves the likelihood of patients providing reliable judgments of hearing-aid gain adjustments, but the effect is limited, and alternative fitting methods may be more viable for effective hearing-aid personalisation.


Cerebroprotective effect of piracetam by complete and incomplete short-term and long-term cerebral ischemia models on the rat brains was studied. The animals were subjected to 9 min of cerebral ischemia by bilateral carotid artery ligation for incomplete short-term ischemia, and to 4 hours cerebral ischemia by the same method for incomplete long -term ischemia modeL. Complete cerebral ischemia was induced by damping aortic arch for 9 min (at intervals) after the injection of 100 mg/kg single intraperitoneal dose of piracetam (pyrolidine acetamide) for the acute treatment, and after the injection of the same daily dose of piracetam throughout 3 weeks for the chronic treatment. This study showed that acute and chronic use were the most effective treatments in short-term incomplete model s in preventing cerebral damage, and only its chronic use was found to be effective in long-term ischemia.


The study of eye gaze data has great potential for research in computer programming, computing education, and software engineering practice. To highlight its role for the software engineering community, the Sixth Edition of the International Workshop on Eye Movements in Programming (EMIP 2019) was co-located with the 41st International Conference on Software Engineering. The goal of the workshop was to advance the methodology of using eye tracking for programming, both theoretically and in applications.


Investigation of thermal stability of two nanocrystalline Co–P alloys shows that P atoms segregate to the grain boundaries upon annealing until precipitation of Co2P and CoP precipitates takes place. The P‐rich precipitates formed have been investigated by analytical transmission electron microscopy to obtain statistical results of precipitate size, volume fraction and spatial distribution. Electron spectroscopic imaging maps show that the P‐rich precipitates are 33 ± 9 nm in Co–1.1at.%P and 33 ± 12 nm in Co–3.2at.%P. The main differences between the alloys are the precipitate size distribution (Co–3.2at.%P having broader distribution) and precipitate volume number density (Co–3.2at.%P has 1.8 times more precipitates than Co–1.1at.%P). The volume fraction of precipitates is 3.0% in Co–1.1at.%P and 4.4% in Co–1.1at.%P. Most of the precipitates are of nearly spherical or slightly elongated shape, and only a few have a platelet‐like shape as expected from previous tomographic atom probe measurements. Due to the truncation and projection effects, the composition of the precipitates could not be determined.


On the base of the program pre-reading and the smooth algorithm between lines for micro-beeline machining of CNC milling, the arc smooth algorithm with linear transformation is brought forward. When the arc is not in a coordinate plane, arc will be converted to be in a coordinate plane, and it was approached with many line segments to generate interpolated points in this plane. At last, the coordinates of interpolated points in the primary plane will be calculated by linear inverse transform. All interpolated points are calculated according to absolute degrees of interpolated point, to guarantee the accumulated error is minimum.


Objective: To determine whether the amplitude of the sound evoked triceps myogenic potential (SETMP) scales with the tonic force exerted by the muscle. Study design: A prospective study of myogenic potentials was conducted in 16 normal subjects. A monaural acoustic stimulus was presented to subjects while they while they exerted varying degrees of force with the triceps muscles. Subjects were required to activate the triceps by leaning into pressure transducers placed at shoulder height thereby supporting their body weight. The unrectified myogenic potential was collected using response triggered averaging of the signal from surface electromyogram (EMG) electrodes placed over the triceps bilaterally.


As the development of singular integral operators, their commutators and multilinear operators have been well studied (see [1]-[8]). From [6] and [3], we know that the commutators and multilinear operators are bounded on L(R) for 1 < p < ∞. However, it was observed that the commutators and multilinear operators are not bounded, in general, from H(R) to L(R) for 0 < p ≤ 1. But, if H(R) is replaced by a suitable atomic space(see [1], [18]), then the commutators and multilinear operators are bounded from the suitable atomic space to L(R) for p ∈ (n/(n + 1), 1]. In recent years, the theory of Herz space and Herz type Hardy space, as a local version of Lebesgue space and Hardy space, have been developed (see [9]-[11]). The main purpose of this paper is to establish the boundedness properties of some multilinear operator related to Littlewood-Paley operator on Hardy and Herz type Hardy spaces. Let ψ be a fixed function on R which satisfies the following properties:


6. Hall RL, Callaghan JJ, Moloney E, Martinez S, Harrelson J1. Pyomyositis in a temperate climate: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1990;72:1240-4. 7. Tumeh SS, Butler GJ, Maguire JH, Nagel JS. Pyogenic myositis: CT evaluation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1988; 12:1002-5. 8. Wolf RFE, Konings JG, Prins TR, Weits J. Fusobacterium pyomyositis of the shoulder after tonsi1itis: report of a case of Lemierre' s syndrome. Acta Orthop Scand 1991;62:595-6.


We study the soft theorems for photons and gravitons at finite temperatures using the thermofield dynamics approach. The soft factors lose universality at finite temperatures as the soft amplitudes depend on the nature (or spin) of the particles participating in the scattering processes. However, at low temperatures, a universal behavior is observed in the cross-section of the soft processes. Further, we obtain the thermal contribution to the electromagnetic and gravitational memory effects and show that they are related to the soft factors consistently. The expected zero temperature results are obtained from the soft factors and memories. The thermal effects in soft theorems and memories seem to be sensitive to the spin of the particles involved in scattering.


The congested exosphere continues to contain more satellites and debris, raising the potential for destructive collisions. The Special Perturbations (SP) Tasker algorithm currently assigns the ground sensors tasks to track object locations. Accurate locations help avoid collisions. However, the SP Tasker ignores priority, which is the satellite's importance factor. This article introduces the Evolutionary Algorithm Tasker (EAT) to solve the Satellite Sensor Allocation Problem (SSAP), which is a hybrid Evolutionary Strategy and Genetic Algorithm concept including specific techniques to explore the solution space and exploit the best solutions found. This approach goes beyond the current method, which does not include priority and other methods from the literature that have been applied to small-scale simulations. The SSAP model implementation extends Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) from the literature while accounting for priorities. Multiple real-world factors are considered, including each sensor's field-of-view, the orbital opportunities to track a satellite, the capacity of the sensor, and the relative priority of the satellites. The single objective EAT is statistically compared to the SP Tasker algorithm. Simulations show that both the EAT and MOEA approaches effectively use priority in the core tasking algorithms to ensure that higher priority satellites are tracked.


FEMWATER, BLT is used to model release and transport of contaminants from wastes stored in metallic containers in saturated or unsaturated soil systems including low-level waste disposal sites. Both programs provide two-dimensional, time-dependent, finite-element analyses. FEMWATER calculates water velocity, moisture content, and pressure head in unsaturated/saturated porous media. BLT, a modification of the FEMWASTE code, predicts container degradation, waste form leaching, and radionuclide migration in unsaturated porous media. Container degradation models include pitting and general corrosion. The leaching model predicts releases based on one of three processes: surface wash-off, diffusion, and dissolution. An auxiliary program, REDIMGRD, is included which redimensions the finite-element grid produced by FEMWATER for the BLT transport calculation.


Abstract The purpose of this study is the analyze patterns of information dissemination by U.S.-based universities on Facebook and the possible effect of these patterns on the number and types of interactions the posts receive. Frequency and types of information (e.g., athletics, student accomplishments, campus announcements) shared in 50 universities' Facebook posts over four months are analyzed. Kruskal–Wallis H Tests evaluate differences in interactions with social media posts based on the type of information shared. The findings of this study indicate that there are several unique types of information shared on Facebook. Posts that involve a human element (like stories about student and faculty accomplishments) are found to receive the most interactions.


Abstract The Friedrichs extension of singular ordinary differential operators of order 2 n is characterized in terms of singular boundary conditions. These are given in terms of principal solutions.


The Brussels-based civil society organizations (CSOs) have been conceived by the EU to act as a bridge between the bureaucratic elites and the citizens of Europe. The institutionalized presence of the major EU-based CSOs has, however, called their legitimacy into question, as exemplified by notions such as 'revolving doors' implying homogeneous social, educational, and professional backgrounds shared by both EU officials and CSO leaders. This article therefore asks the following questions: To what extent do the leaders of EU-based CSOs merely reproduce the types of capital that mirror those of the political elites in the so-called 'Brussels bubble'? To what extent do the CSO leaders bring in other sets of capital and forms of recognition that are independent of the Brussels game? How can we explain differences in the salience of EU capital found across policy areas, types of leadership positions, and types of organizations? Empirically, this article qualitatively analyzes the career trajectories of 17 leaders of EU-based peak CSOs that are active in social and environmental policy areas. Despite the highly integrated and institutionalized characteristics shared by all organizations, we find diversity in the composition of the leaders in terms of the extent to which their career trajectories are embedded in the EU arena.


Objective To study the early diagnosis and treatment of gynecological emergency.Methods 100 cases of gynecological emergency patients were retrospectively analysis.38 patients by laparoscopic surgery as research group,62 cases by the open surgery treatment as control group.Compare two sets of patients peri-operative bleeding,the aerage length and postoperative infection rate.Results The observation group peri-operative bleeding for(156.3±9.2)ml,average for the length of time the patients(5.6±1.5)d,The control group peri-operative bleeding for(210.2 ±18.2)ml,average length of hospital stay was(8.2±2.5)d(P0.05).The observation group postoperative infection in 2 cases(5.3%),Postoper ative infection control in 3 cases(5.8%),the difference between data was not statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic surgical treatment of gynecological emergency intraoperatie small trauma,the patient in the short time,the popularization.


Researches on LUCC(Land use/cover change) now are the frontier problem for discussion in the researches of the global environmental change.LUCC is a major part and also a main cause of global environmental changes,and it has emerged recently as an important focus for land change studies.In the paper,Qerchen oasis,which is the representative strip oasis and along with Qerchen River was selected as a typical area for this case study.A combination of remote sensing(RS),geographical information system(GIS) and fractal theory was used to evaluate the spatial pattern of land use in Qerchen during the period from 1970 to 2005.Specifically,land use classification information was extracted from Landsat images of Qerchen in 1970,1990,2000 and 2005 under the support of RS and GIS and then used to generate a spatial database of land use.The result showed that from the universal fractal dimensions and stability indexes(SK) we can see that five different land use types in each landscape type were calculated for different periods and went through a process of from simple to complex and from stability to unstability,the fractal dimensions of water tended to decrease.From the spatio-temporal changes of the various types of land,it was obvious that from the year 2000 the each types of land went to the tendency of changing from simplcity to complexity.During that time period,the land use patch shape became more complex and more irregular,and the minimum stability was observed and it was important corner of whole study area`s land use staybility and complexity.From this time,under the driving force of nature and human activicies,apart from the water area other land use shape`s compliity was going to decrease.Land shape`s changes was simple and regular,and in space it came in to small size,farther more the complexity of water area was going to increase,the stability decreased.


PEPTIDE COMPLYING WITH THE FORMULA: (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) IN WHICH R REPRESENTS H, A H-TYR GROUP OR A R-PRO-ARG- GROUP, REPRESENTS H, A H-TYR- OR R-ALA-GLY-SER-GLN-ARG- GROUP, AND R REPRESENT H, AN H-CYS GROUP- OR A H-TYR- GROUP, AND ITS SALTS.


Fresh pig brain tissue of the present invention as the raw material, the use of large extraction tanks, macroporous resin, DEAE SephadexA-25 and silica gel chromatography constructed a kilogram scale extraction and purification of high-purity GM1 production process. The method of the present invention instead of the traditional use of toxic solvents in the mobile phase chloroform, full process less pollution, simple process, low cost, suitable for industrial production.


Along with the higher education popularity time arrival,the function of the universities employment instruction work is day by day prominent,but at present the situation of which our country's universities employment instruction work is not satisfying.This article carried out the analysis to the question of the present universities employment instruction work existence and proposed the measure and the suggestion of solving the question.


Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes,onset time and follow-up of patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia treated with Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery(GKSR) and Cyberknife(CK) for assessing the clinical efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery on idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.Methods: The outcomes in 27 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia who underwent GKSR(10 patients) or CK(17 patients) were retrospectively reviewed.The anatomical targets were located at the proximal 3 mm of trigeminal nerve roots entering / emerging from the anterior pons.The clinical efficacy was assessed using Brisman standards.Results: For the GKSR group,the follow-up period ranged from 5 to 12 month(caveraged 7 months).9 patients achieved significant relief after a mean latency of one month,one patient had no improvement.For the CK group,the follow-up period ranged from 6 to 21 month(averased 11 months).15 patients achieved complete and significant relief,and the other two patients had no improvement.Conclusions: Both GKSR and CK were effective for the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.GKSR was frameless,noninvasive,non-coplanar and non-focal.Whereas CK has the priority of high precision in localization.Treatment target selection and accurate location were crucial for the success of stereotactic radiosurgery.


Abstract— Rhodopsin regeneration in rod membranes involves reactions of all‐trans retinal (released from bleached pigment) with phosphatidylethanolamine, photic isomerization of retinal, and binding of 11‐cis retinal to opsin. This investigation demonstrated that formation of retinylidene phospholipid and retinal binding to opsin were both affected by the physical state of phospholipid. A fluid membraneous environment provided by the acyl chains of phospholipid was essential for these reactions to proceed efficiently. The retinal moiety of retinylidene phospholipid appeared to be directly transferred to opsin by transimination.


Contents: Foreword Helle Neergaard 1. Introduction: Entrepreneurial Research - Towards Conceptual Richness and Methodological Diversity Alain Fayolle, Paula Kyro, Tonis Mets and Urve Venesaar PART I: ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET, CULTURE AND VALUES 2. Personal Values and Entrepreneurial Intention: An Empirical Study Inmaculada Jaen, Juan A. Moriano and Francisco Linan 3. The Role of Researchers' Motivations in the Genesis of Academic Spin-off Companies Giancarlo Lauto, Massimo Bau' and Cristiana Compagno 4. Could the Perception About Entrepreneurial Culture be Explained by Demographic Variables? Jose Carlos Marquez-Lopez, Carmen Guzman and Francisco Linan PART II: ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION 5. An Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Scale with a Neutral Wording Kare Moberg 6. Entrepreneurship Education and Metacognitive Awareness: Development of a Tool to Measure Metacognitive Awareness Hannes Ling, Paula Kyro and Urve Venesaar 7. Differences in Students' Understanding of Opportunity Process Matters for their Learning! Paula Kyro, Agnieszka Kurczewska and Nana Osei-Bonsu 8. Teachers' Reflections on Entrepreneurship Education: Their Understanding and Practices Jaana Seikkula-Leino, Elena Ruskovaara, Markku Ikavalko, Johanna Kolhinen and Tiina Rytkola PART III: ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT 9. Cultural Values and Start-up Rates in the Spanish Provinces Jose Fernandez, Francisco Linan and Isidoro Romero 10. Entrepreneurial Orientation and Market Orientation in SMEs: An Explorative Study Angelo Riviezzo, Maria Rosaria Napolitano and Antonella Garofano 11. A Social Network Approach to a Better Understanding of the Survival - Growth Phase of Innovative New Ventures Alain Fayolle and Wadid Lamine 12. Corporate Venture Capital Choices Setting and Investment Behaviors: Analysis at Corporate, Venture and Business Environment Levels Luc Armel G. Da Gbadji and Benoit Gailly PART IV: CONCLUSION: OPENING NEW DOORS AND OFFERING ORIGINAL PERSPECTIVES IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH 13. Explorative Research: An Unexploited Opportunity for Entrepreneurship Research Paula Kyro, Outi Hagg and Kati Peltonen Index


This article presents an overview of the current status and future prospects of integrated nonlinear photonics in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectrum, spanning 6 to 14 μm. This range is well-suited for applications such as chemical identification, environmental monitoring, surveillance, search and rescue, and night vision. Nevertheless, the advancement of a mature, low-loss chip-level platform for the LWIR remains in its infancy. We examine the materials growth techniques, and fabrication methods associated with integrated nonlinear photonics in the LWIR, highlighting promising platforms like chalcogenide glass, single-crystalline diamond, Ge/SiGe, and III–V compounds. Furthermore, we explore loss mechanisms, dispersion engineering, nonlinear generation of broadband supercontinuum and frequency combs, and device performance, encompassing photodetectors and modulators. Lastly, we propose a roadmap for the future development of integrated nonlinear photonics in the LWIR.


We consider an infinitely repeated legislative bargaining model in the spirit of Baron and Ferejohn (1989), with three agents dividing a dollar in every period. The status quo evolves endogenously over time, as agents can approve new proposals by a majority of two votes. One agent has veto power and must approve any proposal that changes the status quo. Our key parameter of interest is the veto player's agenda setting power, defined as the probability (p) that she is randomly selected as the proposer in a given period. We characterize and show existence of a symmetric Markov Perfect Equilibrium for all possible primitives (i.e. the initial status quo, the discount factor, and p). Our main result is that the veto player's equilibrium welfare is non-monotonic in her agenda setting power. If p is low, the veto player can offer alternating bribes to her opponents, which leads to an equilibrium with full surplus extraction by the veto player in the long run (exactly analogous to Nunnari, 2014). However, once p exceeds a critical threshold, we show existence of a new equilibrium with only partial surplus extraction, because the non-veto players can form a blocking coalition which is immune to such "minimumwinning" bribery schemes. The stark contrast with Nunnari (2014) stems from the non-veto players having inherently different but self-enforcing beliefs about equilibrium play. For a large set of primitives, this new equilibrium guarantees strictly positive and identical shares to the non-veto players in the long run, and makes them both strictly better off than the full extraction equilibrium. We argue how adding an initial "cheap talk" stage can rule out the full extraction equilibrium from being selected whenever it is dominated. Finally, we show that the non-veto players can sustain larger shares in the long run if their initial shares are allocated more equitably, or if agents are more patient. In the limit case where patience and the veto player's agenda setting power grow very large, our model also replicates the findings of Diermeier, Egorov and Sonin (2013) for the three-player case. ∗This is a preliminary draft. Please do not quote or circulate without permission. †New York University, Department of Economics, 19 West 4th Street (6th Floor), New York, NY 10012. Contact: email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com


Alcohol abuse is identified as a disease rather than a symptom of emotional and psychological problems. Assessment techniques, symptoms, progression of the disease, and treatment of the alcoholic and his or her family are reviewed for the social worker in a general practice setting.


The social side of the Congress was also weIl organized, and a most interesting selection of excursions were provided for the wives and children of members. Our only criticism was a lack of fraternization with the Soviet doctors and scientists. No titles (that is, whether professor or doctor) or positions held were printed on the badges of identification, and the U.S.S.R. delegates often did not wear identification badges at all.


The choice of a base approximating function in the recovery model of functional dependencies in additive and multiplicative forms as Gegenbauer polynomials is justified. A comparative analysis of the applications of the approximating functions with the results of approximation with the help of the Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials, who are special cases of Gegenbauer polynomials is performed. It is shown that the Gegenbauer polynomials are more versatile and comfortable, allowing for a constant computational complexity to achieve a high accuracy of approximation for a wide range of restored dependencies.


A mononuclear ruthenium complex, [RuII(L)(bpy)2](PF6), with a naphthoquinone-annelated imidazole ligand HL (2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione) was synthesized and structurally characterized. Electrochemical study reveals that the Ru complex shows four reversible redox waves at +0.98 V, −1.13 V, −1.53 V, and −1.71 V versus SCE in acetonitrile, which are assigned to Ru(II)/Ru(III), L−/L•2−, and two bpy/bpy•− redox couples, respectively. The redox potential of Ru(II)/Ru(III) was positively shifted upon the addition of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid due to protonation of the L− moiety, leading to stabilization of the Ru 4d orbital. In UV-vis absorption measurements for the Ru complex in acetonitrile, a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band was observed at 476 nm, which was shifted to 450 nm by protonation, which might be due to a decrease in the electron delocalization and stabilization of the π orbitals in L−. The blue shift of the MLCT band by protonation was associated with a shift of an emission band from 774 nm to 620 nm, which could be caused by the decreased electronic delocalization in the MLCT excited state. These electrochemical and spectroscopic changes were reversible for the protonation/deprotonation stimuli.


Introduction: Giant cell tumour is a locally aggressive benign tumour of bone which is an unusual neoplasm that accounts 4% of all primary tumours of bone and about 10% of malignant primary bone tumours. GCTs are usually found in skeletally mature individuals. Peak of this is generally in 3 rd decade. Tumors of the fibula comprised only 2.5% of primary bone lesions. Patients with aggressive benign tumors in the proximal fibula may require en bloc resection. Peroneal nerve function, knee stability, and recurrence are substantial concerns with these resections. We are reporting a case of Giant Cell Tumour of the proximal Fibula managed with curettage and excision with 5% phenol. Case presentation: A 25-year-old female presented with complaints of pain and swelling and deformity below right knee since 1 year. Pain wast in right lower limb over fibular region which was insidious in onset Dull aching and progressive in nature with no radiation no diurnal variation 1 month after that she noticed swelling over proximal leg which was initially of pea size and gradually progressed to size of approx. 10x10 cm. There was no history of trauma. Surrounding skin appeared reddish brown. On palpation no local raise of temperature but local tenderness present. X rays and all blood investigations were done Histopathological report suggestive of giant cell tumour of bone benign type with plenty of giant cell, plenty of eosinophils and round oval stromal cells. Magnetic resonance imaging-large expansile lytic lesion noted in fibular head with lobulated margins and few internal cystic areas noted mass is displacing neurovascular bundles but no invasion favours possibility of ABC? GCT. After detail examinations and investigations and written informed consent patient was posted for surgery for excision of tumour. Spinal anaesthesia was given in supine position for surgery in all aseptic precautions and with haemostasis achieved, excision was done by the specimen was sent to histopathology for further examination. A thorough wash was given, and the defect was treated with 5% phenol. The tumour was sent for histopathological examination which confirmed the diagnosis of GCT. Histopathology of the tissue showed benign type of giant cell tumour. Conclusion: Management of Giant cell tumor of fibula with Excision with curettage with, use of 5% phenol for GCT of bone achieved good functional outcome and a low recurrence rate.


− The compositional analysis and the peroxynitrite (ONOO ) scavenging assay were undertaken to demonstrate beneficial dietary effect of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Compositae). Quinic acid derivatives of the seven cultivars were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by HPLC to lead to the finding of 3,4-di-O-caffeoyquinic acid and 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid and their contents ranged over 2.72-4.47 mg/g and 8.97-23.26 mg/g, respectively. A cultivar Hacheong had the highest quantity of quinic acid derivatives. The peroxynitrite scavenging effect of the five cultivars (Jangsu, Gosina 27, Gopung, Yeolpungjeogchima, and Mipungjeogchugmyeon) were ranged over 7.45-8.26 μg/ml as IC 50 s while those of Hacheong and Mihong had less effect (IC 50 >10 μg/ml).


Integrated test tasks, such as listening-to-speak or reading-to-write, are increasingly used in second language assessment despite relatively limited empirical insights into what they assess. Most research on integrated tasks has primarily focused on the productive skills involved; studies exploring the receptive skills mostly investigated tasks with reading input. Little is known about the nature of listening comprehension in integrated listening-to-write or listening-to-speak tasks. This study therefore investigates the listening construct underlying integrated tasks with oral input and its effect on summary accuracy. Eight listening-to-summarize tasks (four listening-to-speak, four listening-to-write) were administered to 72 Thai-L1, English-L2 students. Sixty participants provided their views on sources of listening difficulty through post-task questionnaires. Twelve participants produced stimulated recalls on their listening comprehension processing. The analyses of the recalls, combined with participants' listening notes and oral/written summaries, revealed participants' use of several cognitive listening processes and their monitoring through (meta)cognitive strategies, functioning interactively and interdependently in complex ways. The use of listening processes and strategies varied between tasks with different listening inputs, partly owing to differences in the passages' linguistic difficulty (as perceived by the participants). However, the successful application of these processes and strategies (and their combinations) proved to be a prerequisite for producing accurate summaries.


ABSTRACT Here is reported a novel analytical approach for the extractive separation and determination of enantiomeric ratios of aristocularine in bovine serum albumin. The results demonstrate suitable analytical performances. The separation was performed by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography with a 5-µm column using a mobile phase of 1:1 n-hexane:ethanol at a flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1 with ultraviolet–visible absorption, circular dichroism, and polarimetric detection. The enantiomers were eluted at 13.2 and 15.6 min for (+) and (−)-aristocularine, with a resolution of 1.58 and a separation factor of 1.27. The analytical parameters for the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction were optimized; under these conditions, the extraction recoveries were from 88.6% to 93.9% for a two-step extraction. The precision, reported as the percent relative standard deviation, had values from 2.9% to 3.2% for 0.5 µg mL−1 of analyte for five replicate measurements using ultraviolet–visible absorption and circular dichroism detection. The limits of detection were between 0.05 and 0.08 µg mL−1 with enrichment ratios up to a value of 12.


To study the influence of different levels of aluminum on the development of citrus rootstocks of Rangpur lime and Swingle citrumelo, in nutrient solution, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Botucatu, SP, Brazil. The treatments followed a completely randomized experimental design, with 3 replicates, distributed in split-splots. The levels of aluminum were: 0; 7.5; 15; 22.5 and 30 mg L-1, in the form of AlCl3 6.H2O, added to the nutrient solution. Biometric parameters were evaluated and the results showed that Swingle citrumelo was more sensitive to aluminum, and that starting from 7.5 mg L-1, there were reductions in growth and development of the plants, while the Rangpur lime rootstock was more tolerant for aluminum.


Introduction: Use of prostacyclins in the treatment of severe pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has increased significantly over the past three decades. Chronic IV or SC administratio...


The millimeter-wave (mmWave) technology, recently standardized by IEEE 802.11ad, is emerging as an attractive alternative to the traditional 2.4/5GHz wireless systems, promising multi-Gigabit wireless throughput. However, the high attenuation and vulnerability to blockage of 60 GHz links have limited its applications (until recently) to short-range, line-of-sight, static scenarios. On the other hand, the question of whether it is feasible to build general-purpose WLANs out of mmWave radios in dynamic indoor environments with non-line-of-sight links remains largely unanswered. In this paper, through extensive measurements with COTS 802.11ad hardware in an indoor office environment, we investigate the question of whether the mmWave technology, in spite of its unique propagation characteristics, can serve as a viable choice for providing multi-Gigabit ubiquitous wireless indoor connectivity. We study the range of 60 GHz transmissions in indoor environments, the impact of antenna height, location, orientation, and distance on 60 GHz performance, the interaction among metrics from different layers of the network stack, the increased opportunities for spatial reuse, and the impact of human blockage. Our results reveal a number of challenges that we have to address for 60 GHz multi-gigabit WLANs to become a reality.


The changes in social, national and cultural conciousness around a third into the 19th century brought also inspiration in the field of artistic and architectural creation. There was an emphasis oo the artist´s individuality, and inner movements were characteristic. The dynamism and freedom of creation stood in contrast to classicist reservedness and moderation. State, church and national communities simultaneously look for security and support in tradition. It brings preferred historical themes and a direct connection to the historical principles of creation in architecture. The neostyles were applied, and by the end of the 19th century, so was eclecticism. This article deals with the origin and development of neostyles in the field of sacral architecture with a focus on Slovak territory.


This article identifies and critically examines three differentaspects of investor responsibility. First, investors haveresponsibilities toward their clients (the so-called fiduciaryduties). Second, investors are responsible for taking steps toreduce the risk that an investment directly or indirectlycontributes to harm (avoid complicity). Finally, investorsshould take into consideration the symbolic and signallingeffects of an investment decision. This article discusses howthese responsibilities should be interpreted and also howthey play out in practice. Norway's Government PensionFund is used as a case in point.


The author presents an overview of the challenges in designing reliability into high-frequency RF and microwave systems. Data relative to the design, material properties, process-related issues, and environmental conditions have been compiled. Collective experience and published reports revealed several common problems including power and thermal dissipation, bond material, wire bonding, dielectric properties, substrate properties, packaging and mechanical integrity, and high temperature and humidity. Some reliability challenges and possible approaches are presented. The methodology utilized in this study included technology evaluation, design review, and analytical findings of development systems. Many different types of parts were analyzed, including diodes, transistors, amplifiers, oscillators, switches, delay lines, and filters. Common causes for reliability problems were identified. Suggestions and recommendations are made relative to the design at high frequencies.<<ETX>>


This paper is developed to describe the substitutable approach of science manual laboratories to online laboratories for the secondary and senior secondary stages. Lack of resources, precautions of handling hazardous chemicals and costly apparatus, environmental conditions, and traditional procedures of experiments and activities creates hindrances on the way of teaching and learning of science concepts. In such a situation, the use of 'Online Laboratory ' works efficiently amid the different barriers of science learning. OLabs will enable students to conduct experiments more flexibly and interactively for both online and offline mode. Hence the objective of the present study is to discuss and describe the access and use of Online laboratory and effect on the teaching-learning processes of science practicals. This study uses a descriptive cum exploratory method and is based on 'Olabs' sources. This study helps to acquired knowledge for different stakeholders (teacher educator, teacher, students and parents.) and understanding online scientific processes and practice.


EDITORS, We read with great interest the article by Kayal et al1. The authors in‐ vestigated the relationship between endoscopic pouch activity and the subsequent development of pouchitis in asymptomatic patients after proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC). Endoscopic pouch activity was graded as 0 = normal, 1 = mucosal inflammation and 2 = mucosal breaks (ulcers and/or erosions). In patients with grade 2 endoscopic activity, the risk of subsequent acute pouchitis significantly increased (hazard ratio 2.39). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of grade 2 endoscopic activity to predict acute pouchitis were 29.6%, 81.8%, 41.9% and 72.3%, respectively. They suggested that endoscopic activity is a reliable predictor of the future development of acute pouchitis. We have several questions. What is the optimal timing of initial endoscopy after surgery? Are re‐ peated endoscopic examinations necessary? If so, what is the proper interval of endoscopic screening? What is the optimal therapeutic strategy for endoscopic pouch inflammation? Calprotectin and lactoferrin are neutrophil‐derived pro‐ teins that are stable in faeces, and can be detected by quanti‐ tative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in small samples.2 Concentrations of both biomarkers are raised in patients with gas‐ trointestinal inflammation.2 They can be used as surrogate markers of mucosal inflammation in patients with IBD. Furthermore, these biomarkers are useful for predicting clinical relapse in IBD patients in remission.3‐5 We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the value of serial monitoring (every 2 months) of faecal calprotectin and lacto‐ ferrin for the early diagnosis and prediction of pouchitis after ileos‐ tomy closure following proctocolectomy for UC.6 In patients with subsequent pouchitis, concentrations of faecal calprotectin and lactoferrin were already elevated 2 months before the endoscopic diagnosis of pouchitis.6 In contrast, these biomarkers remained at low levels, and did not change significantly in those without pouch‐ itis. A cut‐off value of 56 μg/g for calprotectin had 100% sensitivity and 84% specificity to predict pouchitis; a cut‐off value of 50 μg/g for lactoferrin showed 90% sensitivity and 86% specificity. At the time of endoscopy, the calprotectin and lactoferrin levels were sig‐ nificantly higher in patients with pouchitis than those without.6 The levels of both biomarkers were significantly positively correlated with both endoscopic and histological subscores in the Pouchitis Disease Activity Index.7 We agree that endoscopic activity of the pouch is a reliable pre‐ dictor of pouchitis.1 However, endoscopy is expensive, invasive, and time‐consuming. In contrast, based on our study,6 faecal calprotec‐ tin and lactoferrin should serve as simple, inexpensive, and non‐in‐ vasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of pouchitis. We believe that early medical intervention based on the measurement of these faecal biomarkers is useful for the prevention of pouchitis. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the role of faecal calprotectin and lactoferrin in the diagnosis and treatment of pouchitis after surgery for UC.


In this paper, the effect of bismuth (Bi) content on optical properties of amorphous Se80xTe20Bix thin films has been studied. Thin films of Se80-xTe20Bix glassy alloys have been prepared by thermal evaporation technique under high vacuum conditions (~ 10 Pa). The optical transmission spectra of amorphous Se80-xTe20Bix (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8) thin films have been measured by a double beam UV-VIS-NIR computer controlled spectrophotometer. Swanepole method has been used to calculate the optical constants (refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), real dielectric constant (εʹ), imaginary dielectric constant (εʹʹ) and absorption coefficient (α)) and optical band gap of amorphous Se80-xTe20Bix thin films. Absorption coefficient (α) increases with incident photon energy (hν) for all the samples. The optical band gap decreases with increase of the bismuth (Bi) content. The decrease in optical band gap with increase of the Bi content has been explained on the basis of Mott and Davis Model and in terms of electronegtivity difference of atoms involved.


Abstract The acute toxicity by single or combinations of copper and lead to the marine shrimp Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1837 (Decapoda: Natantia) was evalulated by static bioassays, calculating the LT50 (lethal time for 50%) and the LC50 (lethal concentration for 50%). Each bioassay lasted up to 30 days and survival time has decreased with increasing concentrations of copper and lead in the environment. Copper was 4.25 times more toxic to Palaemon than lead. When tested in combinations of paired metals, the expected mortalities were not similar to those observed mortalities which suggested that paired metals acted interactively. Toxicities of mixtures of copper and lead were assessed also using the toxic-unit concept. The results of this study were compared with the other studies and discussed.


Low mercury (Hg) concentrations down to several nanograms Hg per gram of wet tissue are documented in certain fish species such as herbivorous fish, and the underlying mechanisms remain speculative. In the present study, bioaccumulation and depuration patterns of inorganic Hg(II) and methylmercury (MeHg) in a herbivorous rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus were investigated at organ and subcellular levels following waterborne or dietary exposures. The results showed that the efflux rate constants of Hg(II) and MeHg were 0.104 d−1 and 0.024 d−1, respectively, and are probably the highest rate constants recorded in fish thus far. The dietary MeHg assimilation efficiency (68%) was much lower than those in other fish species (∼90%). The predominant distribution of MeHg in fish muscle was attributable to negligible elimination of MeHg from muscle (< 0) and efficient elimination of MeHg from gills (0.12 d−1), liver (0.17 d−1), and intestine (0.20 d−1), as well as efficient transportation of MeHg from other organs into muscle. In contrast, Hg(II) was much more slowly distributed into muscle but was efficiently eliminated by the intestine (0.13 d−1). Subcellular distribution indicated that some specific membrane proteins in muscle were the primary binding pools for MeHg, and both metallothionein‐like proteins and Hg‐rich granules were the important components in eliminating both MeHg and Hg(II). Overall, the present study's results suggest that the low tissue Hg concentration in the rabbitfish was partly explained by its unique biokinetics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2074–2083. © 2016 SETAC


CdSe thin film was prepared by using spin coating method .The surface morphology of CdSe thin films can be used as the main material in solar cells application, by using sodium selenosulfate as a selenium source and cadmium chloride as cadmium precursor. The solution for each sample had with different molar ratio of cadmium chloride and sodium selenosulfate to know the comparison between the samples. The spin for each samples were constant parameter with 3000 rpm at 30 seconds and dry in ambient temperature. The characterization using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to know the surface morphology of CdSe thin film. The important thing in this paper was to know the surface morphology of CdSe thin films as the comparison with other experiment for solar cells application.


CUDA, OpenCL, and OpenACC are the primary means of writing general-purpose software for NVIDIA GPUs, all of which are subject to the same well-documented memory safety vulnerabilities currently plaguing software written in C and C++. One can argue that the GPU execution environment makes software development more error prone. Unlike C and C++, CUDA features multiple, distinct memory spaces to map to the GPU's unique memory hierarchy, and a typical CUDA program has thousands of concurrently executing threads. Furthermore, the CUDA platform has fewer guardrails than CPU platforms that have been forced to incrementally adjust to a barrage of security attacks. Unfortunately, the peculiarities of the GPU make it difficult to directly port memory safety solutions from the CPU space. This paper presents cuCatch, a new memory safety error detection tool designed specifically for the CUDA programming model. cuCatch combines optimized compiler instrumentation with driver support to implement a novel algorithm for catching spatial and temporal memory safety errors with low performance overheads. Our experimental results on a wide set of GPU applications show that cuCatch incurs a 19% runtime slowdown on average, which is orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art debugging tools on GPUs. Moreover, our quantitative evaluation demonstrates cuCatch's higher error detection coverage compared to prior memory safety tools. The combination of high error detection coverage and low runtime overheads makes cuCatch an ideal candidate for accelerating memory safety debugging for GPU applications.


The article aims to review the ideas of the cognitive, communicative-active, system and competence approaches as the theoretical basis of teaching engineering students' EFL professional communication with help of edutainment. The materials of this work were Russian scientists' studies devoted to issues of approaches to teaching foreign languages, as well as the practice of implementing cognitive, communicative-active, system and competence approaches. The research methods were the analysis of scientific literature, as well as a generalization of the approaches implementation on the example of edutainment usage.


Abstract : To achieve the goal of the proposal, we created nano-structured surfaces to increase the pixel density and hence resolution of the opto-electronic sensor array by a factor of 3 in each direction, x and y. The proof of concept of this mathematical framework in the visible part of the optical spectrum was published in 2 journal articles (both published in Applied Physics Letters). In addition to this, we also experimentally applied the same concept to IR part of the optical spectrum and thus demonstrated the feasibility of our approach for IR focal plane arrays. these results will be presented at SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing Conference in April 2012.


We achieved clean thin-film OH1 crystal growth by applying a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method with three different temperature gradients. We produced crystals appropriate for terahertz wave generation with the Cherenkov phase-matching method, as indicated by the crystal's larger b- axial extensions. According to measurements of the actual experimental temperatures inside the tubular furnace for PVD, the temperature for OH1 crystallization is required to be between 130 and 135°C.


Let $(X,\mathcal{B},\mu, T)$ be a measure preserving system. We prove the pointwise convergence of the averages $$\frac{1}{N^2}\sum_{n,m= 0}^{N-1} f_1(T^nx)f_2(T^mx)f_3(T^{n+m}x)$$ and of similar averages with seven bounded functions.


The demand for rehabilitation services is growing apace with the graying of the population, with the number of senior citizens 65 years of age and older projected to increase by 88% in the coming years. With this increase in the number of senior citizens comes increased incidence of age-related pathologies including cerebral vascular accident (stroke). This situation creates both a need and an opportunity to deploy technologies such as robotics to assist recovery. In this chapter, the authors focus on the use of robotics to aid recovery after stroke, but the knowledge and know-how may apply similarly to other diseases and afflictions. The authors focus solely on robots that support and enhance the productivity of clinicians in their efforts to facilitate a disabled individual's recovery. An overview of existing rehabilitation robots for the upper and lower extremity, of technology limitations, of design choices, and of clinical results is presented. The focus of the remainder of the chapter is on clinical results and on the biology of neuro-recovery. This new class of interactive robotic devices, together with the understanding of its potentials and limitations, are poised to strongly influence how rehabilitation medicine will be practiced in the twenty-first century.

Keywords:

therapeutic robotics;
robot assisted therapy;
neuro-rehabilitation;
movement training;
stroke


Based on the precise integration algorithm (PIA) and the technique of dual vector forms, analytical solutions of displacements for the complete elastic field induced by the vertical loadings uniformly distributed over a rectangular area are deduced. The rectangular area is assumed horizontally resting on the surface or embedded in the interior of a linearly elastic, homogeneous transversely isotropic continuum. The planes of transverse isotropy are chosen to be parallel to the horizontal boundary surface. Associated with the approach of dual vector, the classical integral transform method is adopted to convert the partial differential governing equations into the concise first-order ordinary differential matrix equation. As a highly accurate method to solve sets of the first-order ordinary differential equations, the procedure of PIA is introduced to evaluate the key matrix equation. As a result, any desired accuracy of the elastic solutions can be achieved. Additionally, dual vector forms of equations in the transformed domain make the assembly of the global stiffness matrix simple and convenient. Finally, some illustrative examples are analysed to verify the proposed solutions and elucidate the influences of the dimensions of the loading area, the type and degree of material anisotropy and the stratified characters on the load–displacement relationship in the transversely isotropic media.


The rearrangement of allylarylethers (allylphenylether, crotyl-4-methylphenylether) in trifluoracetic acid to the corresponding 2-allylphenols according to Svanholm & Parker [1] is shown to be of the charge-induced [3s, 3s]-type [3]. Because of the subsequent formation of cyclic ethers and other sideproducts, yields are low.


Classification of ground-water systems provides a useful basis for the transfer of hydrologic knowledge from one site to another and for enhancing the public's understanding of ground water. The five features of ground-water systems useful in classification are (1) components of the system, (2) nature of the water-bearing openings, (3) composition of the rock matrix, (4) storage and transmission characteristics, and (5) recharge and discharge conditions. Using these features, the United States can be divided conveniently into 14 regions.


This paper describes the use of microwave radiometry for monitoring brown fat metabolism (mBAT). The radiometric frequency band and receive antenna were optimized for coupling to 2-6 ml BAT depots in the supraclavicular region. Radiometric signal variations induced by higher metabolic activity resulting from a cold stimulus were calculated with electromagnetic and thermal simulations in a segmented computational model of the human neck including BAT. A 2.5 cm dia. log spiral antenna was selected as optimum using a 500 MHz bandwidth and center frequency 2.75 GHz. Results suggest sufficient sensitivity to track sub-surface temperature variations during long term mBAT monitoring for potential use in obesity and diabetes research.


Objective:To compare the demonstrations of signs in solitary pulmonary nodules by MPR and to evaluate the potential role of these signs in the diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules.Methods:51 cases of SPNs(diameter ≤4cm)confirmed by pathology and clinic underwent MSCT scans.MPR was applied to demonstrate the signs.Then the displays of 5 signs(deep lobulation,spinous protuberance,pleural indentation,nodule notch due to pleural indentation,the positive bronchus sign)were evaluated by MPR.The detection rate and frequency of 7 signs(5 signs,vacuole sign,speculation)were counted in malignant nodules.Results:On MPR images,the number of 5 signs was greater than that on CT axial images.On MPR images,the number of SPNs with 5 signs was greater than that on CT axial images,the difference was significant.The occurrence of signs in malignant nodules was as follows:deep lobulation,the positive bronchus sign,pleural indentation,spinous protuberance,nodule notch due to pleural indentation,speculation,and vacuole sign.The potential role of 7 signs detection in malignant nodules was as follows:nodule notch due to pleural indentation,deep lobulation,pleural indentation,speculation,the positive bronchus sign,spinous protuberance,and vacuole sign.Conclusion:MPR in thin-slice MSCT scans significantly improves detection rate of signs in SPNs.Deep lobulation and nodule notch due to pleural indentation accurately demonstrate the malignacy.


One of the most effective ways to get official executing boats,which are deficient at present,is to refit some from retired warships.And the key for such refitting is effective fusion of army sign and vessel sign.This paper tells how the Xinghai Ship yard of Weihai tried to make fine ornaments of official executing boats by refitting retired warships strictly and meticulously.


The article deals with the indicators used when making investment decisions in situations when it is necessary to invest different amounts of money in alternative real assets for different periods of time. The author suggests two new indicators: "the indicator of the speed of specific increment in value" (IS) and "conditional bank deposit" (CBD). The first indicator is used to choose the best investments that bring some profit. The second indicator is used to choose the best investments that do not directly bring profit, but are required for the operation of the company.


The technology of repressing and re-sintering in powder metallurgy had been used to fabricate a(c)Cu-C) composite materials attaining above 95% of the theoretical density. The microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of the Cu-C composite materials were studied. The results indicate that the density of the Cu-C alloys can be improved by repressing and re-sintering technology. The carbon distribution in microstructure is different in different directions either along pressing direction or perpendiculari to pressing direction. When the content in the a(c)Cu-C) material is 5 weight percent, the material can obtain more excellent performance.


Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality associated with congenital malformations among children. Not knowing the risk profile of CHD among children in Uganda impedes development of effective prevention interventions. In this hospital based unmatched case-control study we examined risk factors for all types of CHD among 179 pair of case and control children aged 0-10 years old at Mulago National Referral Hospital. Odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. Low birth weight (adjusted OR: 3.15, 95% CI 1.48 - 6.69), high birth order ≥5th birth order (adjusted OR: 3.69 (1.10 – 12.54), maternal febrile illness during pregnancy, maternal and paternal alcohol consumption, and paternal socio-economic status were associated with CHD. Family history of CHD, maternal education level, maternal chronic illness, and paternal education level were not associated with CHD. The results suggest: low birth weight, high birth order, and maternal febrile illness during pregnancy, parental alcohol use and paternal socio-economic status as dominant risk factors for CHD among children. Rigorous implementation of public health policies and strategies targeting prevention of febrile illness during pregnancy, maternal malnutrition, parental alcohol consumption, delivery of high number of children per woman, might be important in reducing the burden of CHD among children in Uganda.


The dependency of the mechanical properties (Young's modulus, maximum load, breaking strain, and breaking energy) of polystyrene (PS) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) on the tensile deformation speeds was examined without changing the mode of deformation or the shape of the test specimen. It was found that HIPS has an excellent mechanical balance compared with PS for both low (1.7 × 10−4 to 2.9 × 10−2 m/sec) and high (1.3–16m/sec) speeds. This is due to the following two mechanisms ( which have different time responses) originating from the dispersed rubber particles: (1) at low speeds, the generation of large numbers of microcrazes, and (2) at high speeds, tensile-orientation hardening of the rubber and cold-drawing of the PS matrix resulting from the rise in temperature accompanied by the abrupt eleongation of the rubber phases.


The article deals with the main principles according to which Mongolian sounds are rendered into Chinese in the Sino-Mongolian glossary Dada yu/Beilu yiyu (late 16th–early 17th century) where one of the late Middle Mongolian dialects is reflected. Three such principles are distinguished by the author: (1) principle of phonetic identity (the Chinese and Mongolian segments completely coincide with each other by their features); (2) principle of phonetic substitution in its two varieties: weak phonetic substitution (the Chinese and Mongolian segments differ from each other in only one distinctive feature) and strong phonetic substitution (the Chinese and Mongolian segments are distinguished from each other by two or more features); (3) principle of zero marking (the Mongolian segment is in no way rendered into the Chinese transcription because of the impossibility of its notation by means of Chinese). The influence of different stages of the phonetic development of Chinese on the glossary's system of transcr...


Water hampers the formation of strong and durable bonds between adhesive polymers and solid surfaces, in turn hindering the development of adhesives for biomedical and marine applications. Inspired by mussel adhesion, a mussel foot protein homologue (mfp3S‐pep) is designed, whose primary sequence is designed to mimic the pI, polyampholyte, and hydrophobic characteristics of the native protein. Noticeably, native protein and synthetic peptide exhibit similar abilities to self‐coacervate at given pH and ionic strength. 3,4‐dihydroxy‐l‐phenylalanine (Dopa) proves necessary for irreversible peptide adsorption to both TiO2 (anatase) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) surfaces, as confirmed by quartz crystal microbalance measurements, with the coacervate showing superior adsorption. The adsorption of Dopa‐containing peptides is investigated by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, revealing initially bidentate coordinative bonds on TiO2, followed by H‐bonded and eventually long‐ranged electrostatic and Van der Waals interactions. On HAP, mfp3s‐pep‐3Dopa adsorption occurs predominantly via H‐bond and outersphere complexes of the catechol groups. Importantly, only the Dopa‐bearing compounds are able to remove interfacial water from the target surfaces, with the coacervate achieving the highest water displacement arising from its superior wetting properties. These findings provide an impetus for developing coacervated Dopa‐functionalized peptides/polymers adhesive formulations for a variety of applications on wet polar surfaces.


The capacity of using WPR as an unused future adsorbent for the elimination of copper ions from synthetic watery solution was carried out in batch mode. The adsorption ability of Cu2+ by WPR was estimated in accordance with: initial concentration, time of contact, temperature and pH. The temperature rise resulted a higher adsorption of Copper ions by the waste of phosphate rock (WPR). The data collected was tested by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The non-linear regression procedure was the way to obtain the parameters of adsorption isotherms. The errors analysis was finalized to find out if the model was best to adapt with the experimental protocol. In the light of the obtained results and the various previous researches carried out and published in this sense, the different conclusions were proposed about the adsorption mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters were estimated. The ΔH of adsorption was positive so the process is endothermic and ΔG was negative Therefore the adsorption was spontaneous.


Effect of bending anisotropy on a planar DNA loop, using energy minimization and neglecting entropic effects, is studied. We show that the anisotropy results in polygonal shape of the loop and increasing the anisotropy makes the edges sharper. Calculating the energy of such a loop lets us to find effective persistence length as the geometrical mean of hard and soft rigidities, which is quite different from harmonic mean for an unconstrained long DNA.


A 75 ~ 115 GHz power combined frequency sextupler is developed with hybrid integrated technology.The frequency of the input Ku-band signal is doubled by an active doubler,and then its output power is amplified to 24 dBm.The power is applied to pump 75 ~ 115 GHz tripler in which the varistor multiplying diode is realized by GaAs foundry of Nanjing electronic devices institute(NEDI),and the tripler output power is combined.Considering parasitic parameters of the diodes,diode input and output optimum impedance is calculated with embedding analysis for matching circuit optimization.Measured results indicate the output power of the sextupler is higher than 8.0dBm,and power response is flat in 75 ~ 115 GHz.The highest tested power is 10.2dBm at110 GHz,and combined multiplying efficiency is higher than 1.3%.The sextupler performance achieves the level of similar foreign products,which can expand the existing microwave signals to 75 ~ 115 GHz and be applied for W-band TR modules.


Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)‐mediated endocytosis has been used to target genes to hepatocytes in vivo. However, the level and duration of transgene expression have been low because of lysosomal translocation and degradation of the DNA and lack of its integration into the host genome. In this study we packaged the DNA of interest in proteoliposomes containing the fusogenic galactose‐terminated F‐glycoprotein of the Sendai virus (FPL) for targeted delivery to hepatocytes. After the FPL binds to ASGPR on the hepatocyte surface, fusogenic activity of the F‐protein delivers the DNA into the cytosol, bypassing the endosomal pathway. For transgene integration we designed plasmids containing one transcription unit expressing the Sleeping Beauty transposase (SB) and another expressing human uridinediphosphoglucuronate glucuronosyltransferase‐1A1 (pSB‐hUGT1A1). The latter was flanked by inverted/direct repeats that are substrates of SB. In cell culture, FPL‐mediated delivery of the E. coli β‐galactosidase gene (LacZ) resulted in transduction of ASGPR‐positive cells (rat hepatocytes or Hepa1 cell line), but not of ASGPR‐negative 293 cells. Intravenous injection of the FPL‐entrapped pSB‐hUGT1A1 (4‐8 μg/day, 1‐4 doses) into UGT1A1‐deficient hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats (model of Crigler‐Najjar syndrome type 1) resulted in hUGT1A1 expression in 5%‐10% of hepatocytes, but not in other cell types. Serum bilirubin levels declined by 30% ± 4% in 2 weeks and remained at that level throughout the 7‐month study duration. With histidine containing FPL, serum bilirubin was reduced by 40% ± 5%, and bilirubin glucuronides were excreted into bile. No antibodies were detectable in the recipient rats against the F‐protein or human UGT1A1. Conclusion: FPL is an efficient hepatocyte‐targeted gene delivery platform in vivo that warrants further exploration toward clinical application. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)


Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a notorious diarrheal disease that is typically transmitted via contaminated drinking water. The current pandemic agent, the El Tor biotype, has undergone several genetic changes that include horizontal acquisition of two genomic islands (VSP-I and VSP-II). VSP-I and -2 presence strongly correlates with pandemicity; however, the contribution of these islands to V. cholerae's life cycle, particularly the 26-kb VSP-II, remains poorly understood. VSP-II-encoded genes are not expressed under standard laboratory conditions, suggesting that their induction requires an unknown signal from the host or environment. One signal that bacteria encounter under both host and environmental conditions is metal limitation. While studying V. cholerae's zinc-starvation response in vitro, we noticed that a mutant constitutively expressing zinc-starvation genes (Δzur) aggregates in nutrient-poor media. Using transposon mutagenesis, we found that flagellar motility, chemotaxis, and VSP-II encoded genes are required for aggregation. The VSP-II genes encode an AraC-like transcriptional activator (VerA) and a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (AerB). Using RNA-seq and lacZ transcriptional reporters, we show that VerA is a novel Zur target and activator of the nearby AerB chemoreceptor. AerB interfaces with the chemotaxis system to drive oxygen-dependent autoaggregation and energy taxis. Importantly, this work suggests a functional link between VSP-II, zinc-starved environments, and aerotaxis, yielding insights into the role of VSP-II in a metal-limited host or aquatic reservoir. Author Summary The Vibrio Seventh Pandemic island was horizontally acquired by El Tor pandemic strain, but its role in pathogenicity or environmental persistence is unknown. A major barrier to VSP-II study was the lack of stimuli favoring its expression. We show that zinc starvation induces expression of this island and describe a transcriptional network that activates a VSP-II encoded aerotaxis receptor. Importantly, aerotaxis may enable V. cholerae to locate more favorable microenvironments, possibly to colonize anoxic portions of the gut or environmental sediments.


Objective:To study the significance of nitric oxide(NO) and nitric oxide synthases(NOS) level in development of pneumoconiosis coal workers(CWP) .Methods:Nitrate reductase method was used to detect the NO,total NOS and iNOS level in serum of 50 CWP patients and 50 healthy people.Results:The NO,total NOS and iNOS level in serum of CWP patients were obviously higher than healthy people(P0.05) ;Along with length of service,the NO,total NOS and iNOS level in serum of CWP patients gradually increased,but there had no obvious differences(P0.05) ;And there also had no obvious differences between CWP patients in different stage(P0.05) .Conclusions:The level of NO and NOS in serum has relations with development of CWP.


This paper estimates the opportunity cost of environmental regulation on industry sector in China with the hyperbolic measuring model of technical efficiency.The results show that that the loss proportion of potential gross output in industry sector is 5.24% to 5.84% through 2003-2008 and the average potential output per year is 5.41%.The opportunity cost of environmental regulation and urban industrial development are negatively correlated.To decrease the potential loss by strict regulation,such policies as promoting environmental friendly production process and such regulations especially as market-oriented economic measure are recommended.


: Village tapioca starch production is an important economic activity in cassava value chain benefitting manufacturers and cassava farmers. There are 6 small units actively running in Subang West Java Indonesia capable to produce only 15 ton/month of tapioca. The limited capacity causes them to face stuck in sales situation from time to time, since marketing is performed individually and it makes them difficult to meet required quantity of product procurement fixed by middlemen. This problem remains for decades and makes it difficult for small tapioca producers to grow competitively. In order to find appropriate solution, a case study was conducted to reveal the underlying predicament. Based on financial analysis to the processing technology, it can be concluded that tapioca producer with the capacity less than 1 ton a day is burdened by high production cost. To meet the requirement fixed by middleman who procure minimum quantity of 2 tons tapioca, the best approach to solve this problem is by establishing a marketing collective action. The scenario shall be to create groups enabling them to sell the product as frequent as once in every 2 days to improve conversion rate. Most effective system would be a group of 5 to 7 tapioca small scale producers, providing they agree upon group's mission benefitting all members. The tapioca producers group will enable them to also obtain not only market access, but also access to technology, finance and other supporting policy.


In this paper effect of pile configuration and loading type on piled raft foundations performance was studied. The parametric study presented in this research work was carried out with a computer program ELPLA. Three basic pile configurations and three load distribution types were considered and the effect of loading type for each pile configuration on maximum moment in the raft, piles bearing factor (percentage of total load carried by piles) and piled raft settlement was studied. Pile configuration 1 has the pile uniformly distributed under whole raft area. Pile configuration 2 has piles under central area of the raft as well as under the edges of the raft. In pile configuration 3 the piles are placed only in the central area of the raft. It has been found that pile configuration and load distribution are very important and effective in piled raft settlement, maximum moment and piles bearing factor.


old working rule that, in a text on this subject, the probability of a solution being correct is less than 50% mercifully doesn't seem to apply. The standard of the problems ranges from elementary exercises to those suitable for scholarship and first year university examinations, and they range over a pleasing variety of situations. Both volumes can be commended as sound and helpful texts for the mathematically minded with good intellectual motivation, but they lack the aesthetic appeal, persuasive presentation and lively use of diagrams that might sell the subject to less able pupils. alive, and is not content with generalities but gives actual examples of early methods. Each chapter ends with a set of which introduces further facts and ideas of an astonishingly wide range.


Customer loyalty is an important variable for both services marketing researchers and industry.While the importance of customer loyalty has been recognized in marketing Literature for at least three decades,the development and empirical validation of a customer loyalty model for wealth management context had not been addressed. Customer loyalty in services is the focus of the research. The purpose of this study is to develop a empirical model of customer loyalty for wealth management context from consumer perspectives.Based on marketing literature,a comprehensive set of constructs and hyotheses were proposed with personal interview and SEM methodology for testing them.Trust,commitment,economic incentives and perceived service quality were hypothesized to be direct or indirect determinants of customer loyalty.The rseults indicate that relational outcomes in general are important to customer loyalty.The construct of trust and commitment were found to be related significantly and positively with customer loyalty.The effect of trust appears to have as strong an effect as perceptions of commitment and service quality. The findings indicate important implications for both marketers and researchers.Marketing strategists need to be clear about pursuing either a loyalty or a value for economic incentive(money) strategy. Finally ,potential theoretical and managerial implications of the proposed model will be disussed.


We use 2D particle-in-cell simulations to study the effect of the saturated whistler instability on the viscous heating and nonthermal acceleration of electrons in a shearing, collisionless plasma with a growing magnetic field, . In this setup, an electron pressure anisotropy with naturally arises due to the adiabatic invariance of the electron magnetic moment ( and are the pressures parallel and perpendicular to ). If the anisotropy is large enough, then the whistler instability arises, efficiently scattering the electrons and limiting ( ). In this context, taps into the plasma velocity shear, producing electron heating by the so-called anisotropic viscosity. In our simulations, we permanently drive the growth of by externally imposing a plasma shear, allowing us to self-consistently capture the long-term, saturated whistler instability evolution. We find that besides the viscous heating, the scattering by whistler modes can stochastically accelerate electrons to nonthermal energies. This acceleration is most prominent when initially , gradually decreasing its efficiency for larger values of ( ). If initially , then the final electron energy distribution can be approximately described by a thermal component, plus a power-law tail with a spectral index of ∼3.7. In these cases, the nonthermal tail accounts for of the electrons and for of their kinetic energy. We discuss the implications of our results for electron heating and acceleration in low-collisionality astrophysical environments, such as low-luminosity accretion flows.