Background: A quantitative worldview has long dominated nursing research, causing it to lack the humanized inspiration of a qualitative worldview. This study sought to develop and evaluate an innovative and qualitative research methodology course in one graduate master nursing program of Southern Taiwan.Methods: Qualitative research design was to develop the innovative and qualitative research methodology course with training the Listening, Empathy, and Presence (LEP) skills and the qualitative worldview of master nursing students. This study was approved by the improved teaching project grant from a University (FYU1008-109-04) during March 1 to October 31, 2020.Results: The results identified that first, the innovative and qualitative research methodology course incorporated the course objectives, teaching content, and innovative strategies in two elective credits with content validity as .86. Additionally, the nine master nursing students reported that the quantitative worldview was closely associated with numbers, statistics, and measurement, whereas the qualitative worldview had a greater tendency to entail aspects of humanism with conversations, communication, and caring among nine master nursing students.Conclusions: The innovative and qualitative research methodology course could train master nursing students to master qualitative research skills and help nursing educators achieve balance with mutual coexistence and understanding between qualitative and quantitative approaches.


Simulators have played a critical role in robotics research as tools for quick and efficient testing of new concepts, strategies, and algorithms. To date, most simulators have been restricted to 2D worlds, and few have matured to the point where they are both highly capable and easily adaptable. Gazebo is designed to fill this niche by creating a 3D dynamic multi-robot environment capable of recreating the complex worlds that would be encountered by the next generation of mobile robots. Its open source status, fine grained control, and high fidelity place Gazebo in a unique position to become more than just a stepping stone between the drawing board and real hardware: data visualization, simulation of remote environments, and even reverse engineering of blackbox systems are all possible applications. Gazebo is developed in cooperation with the Player and Stage projects (Gerkey, B. P., et al., July 2003), (Gerkey, B. P., et al., May 2001), (Vaughan, R. T., et al., Oct. 2003), and is available from http://playerstage.sourceforge.net/gazebo/ gazebo.html.


To the Editor:— In your editorial of April 21 on "Chronic Toxicity of Ergot" you state that "there has been no thorough investigation of the chronic effects of ergot in laboratory animals." The paper by Fitzhugh, Nelson and Calvery ( J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 82 :364 [Dec.] 1944) which you quote at length referred only to my first communication in the American Journal of Pathology ( 6 :299 [May] 1930). I have published additional observations on experimental chronic ergot poisoning in the Archives of Internal Medicine ( 47 :548 [April] 1931) and in the Archives of Surgery ( 25 :1135 [Dec.] 1932). Although my first paper described the morbid anatomy of experimental ergot poisoning in 28 roosters, Fitzhugh and his collaborators quote only my observations on 2 animals. These I submitted at length only because the lesions were most typical. In my experiments I obtained lesions of the vessels, particularly of the comb,


Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the osteoinductivity of the xenogeneic and ectopic implantation of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) in muscle tissue of rats in short-term.
Methods: Ten human teeth were utilized to obtain the DDM. Surgical access was made by incisions on two pockets created in the dorsal musculature of 10 Wistar rats, where the implants were inserted. The animals were divided into 2 groups: in the first group the implants remained in place for one month and in the second group for two months. Biopsies were taken at the end of the experimental times.
Results: Histological examination showed the presence of an intense chronic inflammatory infiltrate, and in some areas, osteoclasts were observed surrounding the material, and no mineralization foci were found.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that DDM implanted for periods of 1 or 2 months in the dorsal musculature of rats did not result in osteoinduction.


ish parasites are ecologically important because they shape community and ecosystem structure by influencing trophic interactions, host fitness, and food webs. We surveyed fish parasitofauna from Lake Taal and provided initial quantitative and qualitative measures of parasite burden. This was then correlated with fish size, as a preliminary attempt to relate parasitism with fish overall fitness. A total of 60 specimens of


By fusing two sets of images A and B, one with a high spatial resolution, the other with a low spatial resolution and different spectral bands, the ARSIS (from its French name: "amelioration de la resolution spatiale par injection de structures". It is usually translated by improvement of the spatial resolution by structures' injection) concept permits to synthesize the dataset B at the resolution of A with high quality. It tries to establish a relationship between the high frequencies in the multispectral set B and the set A and models it. The general problem for the synthesis is presented. General properties of the fused product are given. Then, the ARSIS concept is discussed. The general scheme for the implementation of a method belonging to this concept is presented. Three inter-band structure models (IBSM) are described. They are applied to Ikonos image as an illustration case. The fused products are assessed by means of a known protocol comprising a series of qualitative and quantitative parameters. Results and future tracks are discussed


Interactions of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) with dietary arginine : lysine (arg : lys) ratios at ther- moneutral (21∞C) and high (31∞C) temperatures were investigated with 21n42-day-old broilers fed diets containing increasing concentrations of arginine to produce arg : lys ratios of 1.05, 1.15, 1.25, and 1.35, with and without 16 g NaHCO3/kg. Consistent positive relationships were observed between increasing dietary arg : lys ratios and improved food intake and weight gain at 31∞C with broilers fed diets without NaHCO3. The primary response to increasing dietary arg: lys ratio in broilers receiving NaHCO3 was increased food intake. This gave corresponding increases in weight gain at 31∞C, but not at 21∞C. Increases in dietary arg : lys ratio increased plasma arginine, ornithine, and arg:lys ratio but had little effect on plasma lysine concentrations. NaHCO3 alone had no direct effect on plasma amino acid patterns but was important in potentiating the elevated plasma arg : lys ratio responses observed at 31∞C in broilers receiving NaHCO3 in their diet. The results indicate important interrelationships exist between dietary amino acids and electrolytes, and the existence of a nutritional requirement for bicarbonate at high temperatures.


A practical precision die forging structure for a ball head was proposed after an discussion on the precision forging process.The forging die applied floating cavity die;the forgings were shaped in a closed cavity formed by two cavity dies in which way the shaped forgings had no burrs and the production cost was thus greatly decreased.


OBJECTIVE:We sought to determine MRI sensitivity for hemorrhage following perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
BACKGROUND:Prior studies have shown that the sensitivity of MRI detection of residual hemorrhage following aneurysmal SAH is > 70% after 3 months [Imaizumi, Stroke 2003]. Perimesencephalic SAH is a subset of SAH associated with hemorrhage confined to the pre-truncal and suprasellar cisterns and is generally associated with a benign prognosis.
DESIGN/METHODS:We reviewed consecutive perimesencephalic SAH patients who were hospitalized at our institution from January 1, 2008 to January 1, 2012 who received an MRI brain within 6 months. Perimesencephalic SAH was defined as CT confirmed SAH confined to the cisterns surrounding the brainstem and suprasellar cistern with a diagnostic conventional cerebral angiogram negative for aneurysm. We categorized MRI brains as acute (within 1 week of symptom onset) and subacute-chronic (> 1 week). MRI brains were reviewed by study authors for presence of SAH on sagittal T1, FLAIR, and GRE sequences.
RESULTS:Among 29 patients with perimesencephalic SAH, 18 patients had a total of 23 MRI brain studies completed. Mean age was 49.9 years (range 31 to 70) and the majority (61%) were female. Median time from symptom onset to MRI brain was 4 days (range 1 to 183 days). Median length of stay was 7 days (range 4 to 14 days). Among the 15 MRI brain studies that were completed acutely (within 1 week), SAH was visible on 14 of the MRI studies (93%). SAH was detectable on none of the 8 MRI brain studies done in the subacute-chronic period (greater than 1 week after ictus).
CONCLUSIONS:In contrast to aneurysmal SAH, the ability of MRI to detect residual hemorrhage after 1 week may be severely limited in perimesencephalic SAH. Clinicians should be aware of the differing time to hemorrhage resolution on MRI of perimesencephalic SAH compared to aneurysmal SAH. Disclosure: Dr. Samuels has nothing to disclose. Dr. Conners has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cutting has received personal compensation for activities with F1000. Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose.


A simple model for the FM spectrum of color TV signals is presented; based on the assumption that the luminance and chrominance components are uncorrelated Gaussian processes. Unlike existing models of the video FM spectrum, the present model accounts for the important spectral components at the color subcarrier frequency and its harmonics.


Minions, a team formed of first year students in the Master of Computational Linguistics, started the participation at Semeval-2016 as a semester project, aiming to build a model for analyzing and classifying "tweets" into positive, neutral and negative, according to the evoked sentiment, while getting familiar with Natural Language Processing tools and methods. Therefore, the backbone of our sentiment analyzer consists in several off-the-shelf, freely available resources, enhanced with a classifier trained on the SemEval-2016 data.


The recent Arab Spring will be considered as a historical event which brought and will bring drastic changes to the whole Arab world. The Egyptians...


This paper deals with the simulation of the motion of a one-span slender rectilinear RC beam or a thin one-way RC rectangular slab when impacted by a missile, within and beyond the elastic domain, up to a maximal displacement equal to the height of the section. The loading is variable in time and in space and the supporting conditions at each extremity are either of simply resting type or of clamping type. The equation of motion for each beam segment is expressed, through finite differences method, by relations between velocity and flexural moment that are decomposed on the basis of the first N modes of beam deformation. The plastic deformations are taken into account by constraining the flexural moment to follow elastic/perfectly plastic flexural moment–curvature law. The algorithms are well adapted to a spreadsheet application that allows easily: i) presizing such a structure against this type of loading, ii) the sensitivity studies regarding the mechanical parameters, iii) checking the order of magnitude of the results of big FEM models by using highly sophisticated codes. Simulations by this method show good agreement with experimental results and give access to some mechanical properties of the structure when damaged.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Submitted for the DAMOP14 Meeting of The American Physical Society Excitation of a quantum gas to Rydberg states THIBAULT VOGT, JINGSHAN HAN, RUIXIANG GUO, WENHUI LI, Centre for Quantum Technologies, RYDBERG ATOM GROUP TEAM1 — Rydberg atoms constitute a paradigmatic system for the study of quantum many-body physics. Very large dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms leads to the dipole blockade, at the heart of promising proposals for quantum simulation or studies of strongly correlated systems [1-2]. Dipole blockade has already been used to excite spatially organized structures of Rydberg atoms [3], realize single photon sources [4] or implement quantum gates [5]. In this talk, I will present the recent developments of our experimental setup for achieving highly coherent Rydberg excitation. I will also discuss our progress on the detection of Rydberg atoms, with preliminary spectroscopic measurements obtained for the excitation of Rydberg atoms in a nearly degenerate gas of 87Rb atoms. [1] Weimer, H., et al. Nature Physics 6: 382-388 (2010). [2] Pupillo, G., et al. PRL 104 223002 (2010). [3] Schausz, P., et al. Nature 491 87-91 (2012). [4] Peyronel et al. Nature 488 58-60 (2012). [5] Isenhower et al. PRL 104 010503 (2010). 1http://rydberg.quantumlah.org/ Thibault Vogt Centre for Quantum Technologies Date submitted: 31 Jan 2014 Electronic form version 1.4


This paper presents a novel approach to recognize images based on nonlinear wavelet approximation. The mathematical theory on nonlinear wavelet approximation is introduced, which shows that nonlinear approximation contains much more information of the original image than linear approximation. Based on this theory, a scheme to obtain the basic information of images with less data is provided. Experiments on face recognition produce effective matching rates.


Presepsin is an original biomarker with 13 kDa molecular weight for identifying general inflammation and sepsis. The receptor for lipopolysaccharide/lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LPS/LBP) complexes -CD14 (cluster of differentiation) is uttered on the cell membranes of macrophage, monocyte, and granulocyte cells. The LPS/LBP-CD14 complex is freed into circulation by detaching CD14 from the cell membrane, generating a soluble-CD14. (s-CD14), that is triggered by the plasma proteases, producing sCD14subtype, Presepsin. The assessment of the implication of Presepsin levels in women with infertility lacks in publications. Furthermore, in the present ART's drill, a precise examination to forecast ovarian response, that may have both amplified the effectiveness and condensed the prices of ART's, is still missing and there is a necessity for information on the expectedness of ovarian response in controlled ovarian stimulation .The goal of this study was to determine the ability of using Presepsin as a biomarker to evaluate the clinical pregnancy rate in a cohort of couples undergoing ICSI in a sample of Iraqi population. Patients and Methods: Sixty infertile women selected for undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection, the patient's ovarian stimulation was by antagonist protocol accordingly to their clinical findings. Results: The results of the study shows there was no significant difference in the serum Presepsin between pregnant and non-pregnant ladies, 421.57 (1534.65) versus 878.64 (1322.23), respectively (P = 0.875), Furthermore, there was no significant difference in follicular fluid Presepsin between pregnant and non-pregnant ladies, 1286.73 (1232.00) versus 0.00 484.15 (1467.00), respectively (P = 0.296). Conclusions: It concluded that serum or follicular fluid Presepsin as a biomarker is a poor predictor of fertility outcome with no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant ladies.


' We state simple rules for constructing all the quark diagrams that \rill contribute to a given hadron reaction. They correspond to contributions fronboth poles and cuts. We conjecture that each one of the invariant amplitudes of a given reaction is a linear combination of these diagzams. We argue that the Po^eranchuk singularity is a cut which does not correspond to poles in any channel and that Regge-P.egge cuts are nore important than Regge-Pomeranchuk cuts.


ment.5 The whistle has also been recommended for nasal intubation of the anaesthetised, spontaneously breathing child since it requires a maximal inspiratory flow rate of only 50 ml/second to produce an audible tone.6 Some anesthesiologists use the whistle to guide the nasal tracheal tube into an optimum position before passing a fibreoptic device. The whistle itself is a modification of the Waldhaus Tracheal Indicator (Fig. 1) and is readily available as the Beck Airway Airflow Monitor from Great Plains Balistics Inc., P.O. Box 16385, Lubbock, Texas 79490. Alternatively an effective (inspiration only) whistle can be constructed by modification of a Mallinckrodt 3.5 mm tracheal tube connector and a suitable 15-mm male-to-male adaptor (Fig. 2).


cant part in the fostering process, and of the often major burdens which they carry. The children interviewed by Fox all felt they could have been more helpful if they had been given more information, more preparation, and had been included in discussion and consultation, and this was reinforced by their limited experiences of when this had happened. As it was, their own needs were usually overlooked by the professionals, and it was left to their parents to take most of the responsibility for meeting these. However, parents who were committed to fostering often minimised the more negative aspects of the effect fostering was having on their own children. While the enjoyable and beneficial aspects of fostering for natural children, such as increased confidence and selfesteem, are illustrated, the importance of this study lies in raising awareness about the more negative aspects. Fox's sample of natural children was very small, and I wonder how her findings might compare, for example, with the large-scale study of foster carers in Scotland (Triseliotis et al, 1998). It would be interesting to know the extent to which concerns about natural children were a factor for foster carers who gave up fostering. A particular area which I would like to have seen addressed in more detail is that of risk and abuse allegations. Fox refers to research (Berridge, 1997) indicating that sons of foster carers were the subject of substantial numbers of allegations of sexual abuse towards foster children. Other studies (eg Utting, 1997) point to the risks natural children face both from allegations made against them and from foster children who are themselves perpetrators of abuse. This raises huge concerns for professionals and for foster families, and surely deserves greater attention in practice. Fox does not set out to look at strategies or solutions to these issues, but rather to raise awareness and 'provide a foundation from which appropriate strategies for assessment, planning and support in foster care could be developed'. Within this limitation, her monograph achieves its aim admirably, and should be required reading for all family placement professionals.


A comparative study between a conventional DC-link voltage control algorithm (CDVCA) and a self-charging DC-link voltage control algorithm (SDVCA) is presented. It focuses on the principle operation of both algorithms and their impacts on the performance of a shunt active power filter (SAPF) operation. All analyses are based on the step response of DC-link voltages under different start-up times of the SAPF and different initial DC-link voltage values. Other considered parameters are the ripple factor (RP) of DC-link voltages, estimated and measured DC-link charging currents, and total harmonic distortion (THD) value of supply currents. Thus, this study provides new insights into the operation of DC-link voltage control using different control algorithms. According to the simulation results, the SAPF using the SDVCA has shown better performance than using the CDVCA. By using the SDVCA, the charging process of a DC-link capacitor starts almost instantaneously. Additionally, the overshoot, settling time, and RF of DC-link voltages are reduced. Other than that, THD values of supply currents are improved, by generating low ripple of estimated DC-link charging currents. Experimental validation of the SAPF using the SDVCA is also presented.


According to recent World Health Organization data, the incidence of endometrial cancer (EMC) varies in different parts of the world (Ferlay et al., 2010). It is the most common female genital tract malignancy in the more developed regions, with an estimated incidence of 12.9 per 100,000 women. In the less developed regions where cervical cancer is more common, EMC has an estimated incidence of 5.9 per 100,000 women in general and 4.3 per 100,000 women in Thailand in particular. Although the median age at the diagnosis of EMC is 63 years with the peak incidence reported between 55 and 64 years, a certain number of patients develop EMC at a younger age (Altekruse et al., 2010). Despite the fact that age references for a young EMC patient varies widely from <40 to <50 years, some different characteristic features were commonly observed in these patients in comparison to those in older age groups. For example, younger EMC


The aim of this article is to shed light on the situation of refugees (formally designated as asylum seekers) and undocumented migrant workers, who are among the most vulnerable inhabitants of Europe. Both groups face the threat of detention and deportation. The normative framework, which consists of legal standards and residential institutions, will be critically examined. Despite international standards for respecting the human rights of refugees and undocumented workers, policies of detention and deportation and the mass rejection of asylum claims leave little hope for the empowerment, autonomy and social inclusion of these persons. Instead of a straight-forward argument for closing down all detention centres and putting an end to forcible deportations, the article investigates small scale structural possibilities for inclusive – non-selective – responses to these non-citizens.


The mathematical model is offered and considered in article, experimental studies are given and geometrical parameters of pockets of air sensors to measure the thickness of the strip material are determined


Zostera marina is a perennial seagrass that is widespread on temperate coasts around the world. Some studies have showed that the presence of Z. marina in marine environments influences the microbial communities in sediment collected from Shuangdao Bay of China. To investigate the impact of Z. marina, the environmental factors and microbial communities in sediments collected in the eelgrass beds and adjacent unvegetated area, were examined. Several environmental factors and microbial communities composition differed significantly between the two areas. The content of total-phosphate and NH4-N in the sediments of eelgrass beds were lower than the sediments of the unvegetated area, while the bacterial abundance and diversity in eelgrass bed were greater than that of unvegetated area. The most abundant bacteria found in sediments were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria, while the bacterial community structures were significantly different between the two areas. The changes found in the environmental factors and microbial communities were mainly attributed to the presence of Z. marina. This study may provide further understanding of the effects of Z. marina, which may be vital to the regulation of the marine environment.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of pregnant women from a city of southern state of Minas Gerais during dental treatment. A quantitative Cross-sectional study was mad with 100 pregnant patients who were seeking medical care in private and NHS Alfenas-MG. The interviews were realized through questionnaires containing 18 questions. The results show that most patients carry three brushings / day and use dental floss 2-3 times a day. Also, 22% of them accused sensitivity brushing, 35% and 24% easy bleeding, swollen gums and fear of the exposure to X-ray. The conclusion was that pregnant women have good oral hygiene habits, but feel fear and discomfort related to dental procedures


attempts to identify biological parameters that could estimate the risk of stroke, the SIREN study investigated the role of cIMT as a risk factor using data from 555 participants from Nigeria. The results not only showed a strong association of cIMT with stroke but also demonstrated that it outper-formed multivariable risk prediction schemes such as the Framingham's Risk Score (FRS) and the Omnibus Risk Score (ORS) in estimating the overall risk of stroke Akpa, and Agunloye 2016). Electrocardiographic profiles among 1020 acute stroke patients identified 90% with abnormal left ventricu-lar (LV) geometry and 30% with systolic dysfunction, and showed that severe LV systolic was significantly associated with one-month mortality The high predictive value and regional variations in cIMT call for more large-scale pan-African studies to intro-duce risk screening and timeous interventions.


This article takes the opportunity presented by the current global downturn to reassess the latest scholarly work on globalization's long-term implications for economic and political development. Will the market inequities generated by trade and international interdependence systematically undermine the domestic redistributive systems on which poor, redistribution-reliant citizens depend for their economic well-being and continuing engagement with society? Or should we expect to find trade-induced market inequality biasing political systems in exactly the opposite direction—toward more, not less, market-correcting redistribution? To answer these discipline-spanning questions with any degree of confidence, we will first need to develop a more theoretically integrated model of the mechanisms that link market inequality to nonmarket redistribution. Creating that model—and, to that end, unifying major theoretical strands within political science and economics—should be our first priority.

Related Articles:
Luckhurst, Jonathan. 2012. "The G20 and ad hoc Embedded Liberalism: Economic Governance amid Crisis and Dissensus." Politics & Policy 40 (5): 740-782. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00387.x/abstract

Wood, Stephen P. 1999. "Economic Development Choices and the Politics of Violence in Latin America." Southeastern Political Review 27 (2): 265-280. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.1999.tb00535.x/abstract

Kirshner, Orin. 2009. "Going Global: The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1945." Politics & Policy 37 (1): 151-176. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2008.00165.x/abstract

Related Media:
Film Clips: lsewebsite. 2013. "Does Market-Led Development Have a Future?" May 15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R84XoIinBL8

Why Poverty? 2013. http://www.whypoverty.net/en/

Podcast: Development Drums. 2013. "Episode 40: Why Nations Fail." http://developmentdrums.org/


This paper presents the state-of-the art of the electricity market structure, operation and regulation in Spain, focusing on the extra-peninsular electricity systems (SEIE). The main goal is to analyze recent market rules and their remuneration in order to consider new proposals that can improve the insular regulatory framework. In the new context, where Distribution Generation is increasing, their integration in distribution networks is the main challenge for System Operators and distribution companies in order to meet new economic, technical and operational requirements. The question is: what is the best way to remunerate agents in isolated insular systems? To answer this, we focus on the Spanish SEIE, specifically on the Canary Islands, which are not connected to any mainland network.


Abstract : Fourier transform infrared and Raman studies were performed on a N2/H2 mixture with a 2:1 ratio over a large pressure range (5-85 GPa) at room temperature in a diamond anvil cell. Based on the spectroscopic features observed within this pressure range and a thorough comparison to the vibronic modes of pure N2 and H2, the vibrational spectra have been assigned. The difference between the infrared and Raman vibron frequencies for pure N2 and H2 relative to those observed in the N2/H2 mixture is interpreted quantitatively with references to the possibility of new bonding arrangements or charge transfer between the components. High-pressure ultraviolet/visible electronic spectroscopy shows a broad absorption band that splits into two features near 30 GPa. The splitting of the absorption peak corroborates with the modifications that occur in the vibrational spectrum at similar pressures. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction studies were performed on the N2/H2 complex to near 17 GPa, and the similarities to pure nitrogen as well as the limitations of the experiments are discussed.


In the Social Contract, Rousseau declares that he has given up the idea of discussing the "external relations" of states. Yet numerous texts — including a recently reconstituted work about the law of war — show that he thought very seriously about the question of the nature and origin of war and of the possibility of making war subject to the rule of law. Rousseau, in contrast to Hobbes, links war's appearance to that of the sovereign states; the state of war is therefore the necessary result of international relations. Moreover, he considers the international law as chimerical. How can he then conceive a non-utopian theory of "just war"? My hypothesis is that his conception of the law of war is deduced from principles of internal political law and arises from pragmatic necessity. [R, abr.]


Objectives— To assess factors associated with engagement in transactional sex among MSM recruited from one of the largest Internet sites for men seeking social or sexual interactions with other men in Latin America. Methods— Multilevel logistic regression models were constructed to assess factors associated with engagement in transactional sex in 17 Latin American countries. Results— Of 24,051 respondents, 1,732 (7.2%) reported being paid for sex in the past 12 months. In a multivariable model, higher country-level unemployment was associated with increased odds of transactional sex (aOR 1.07 per 1-percent increase in unemployment, 95%CI 1.00-1.13). Individual or interpersonal factors associated with increased odds of engagement in transactional sex included self-reported HIV (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.69) or sexually transmitted infection (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.11-1.59), childhood sexual abuse history (aOR 1.75, 95%CI 1.48-2.06), intimate partner violence (past 5 years, aOR 1.68, 95%CI 1.45-1.95), and sexual compulsivity (aOR 1.77, 95%CI 1.49-2.11). Conclusions— Structural-level economic interventions as well as those that address individual and interpersonal factors may improve HIV prevention efforts among MSM who engage in transactional sex.


1) INTRODUCTION Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most common orthopaedic procedures performed, and is projected to exponentially increase over the next 20 years. As primary TKA cases increase, so does the frequency of revisions. The primary goals for all TKA cases include alleviating pain and improving overall knee function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the change in outcomes as measured by the Knee Society Score (KSS) between primary and revision TKA systems. 2) METHODS This data was collected as part of three prospective, post-market, multicenter studies comparing preoperative to 6-week data. Patients were stratified into two groups based on type of single radius knee device; Posteriorly Stabilized (PS) group and Total Stabilizer (TS) group. Early clinical outcomes based on the KSS and operative data were used to compare groups. 3) RESULTS The KSS was compared to determine the amount of improvement in revision vs. primary cases. Within the KSS Pain/Motion section, the improvement in range of motion was greatest in the TS revision group (change of 8°) in comparison to the primary PS group (change of 3°), as well as a significant decrease in pain classification. The KSS Functional scores improved significantly more in the revision group compared to the primary group. 4) DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION Studies have determined that revision TKAs have lower rates of functional outcomes, leading to a decreasing trend in KSS. This trend can be correlated to increased difficulty of the surgical technique due to increased bone loss and anatomical changes, as well as a higher constraint in revision TKA devices. The design of a single radius knee revision system addresses these issues with revision TKA and has been shown to have comparable KSS evaluations to patients receiving primary single radius TKAs.


Early-stage aeolian bedforms develop into sand dunes through complex interactions between flow, sediment transport and surface topography. Depending on the specific environmental and wind conditions the mechanisms of dune formation, and ultimately the shape of the nascent dunes, may differ. Here, we investigate the formation of a proto-dune-field, located in the Great Sand Dunes National Park ( Colorado, USA), using a three dimensional linear stability analysis.

We use in-situ measurements of wind and sediment transport, collected during a one-month field campaign, as part of a linear stability analysis to predict the orientation and wavelength of the proto-dunes.

We find that the output of the linear stability analysis compares well to high-resolution Digital Elevation Models measured using terrestrial laser scanning. Our findings suggest that the bed instability mechanism is a good predictor of proto-dune development on sandy surfaces with a bimodal wind regime.


In order to improve the forwarding performance of the information-centric networking (ICN) paradigm in wireless ad hoc environments, different nodes' properties, such as geographical position and topological centrality, have been proposed as metrics to identify the suitability of a node as a forwarder. However, while these metrics may be efficient in terms of node selection, they can breach the privacy of the node itself. The more efficient these metrics are, the more private information they may reveal. In this letter, we propose a privacy-preserving ICN forwarding scheme based on homomorphic encryption for wireless ad hoc networks.


After the Chinese Communist Party founded. Chen Duxiu expatiated the national revolution ideology systematically, put forward his opinions about the character, impetus, leading, future and so on of the national revolution. Chen Duxiu's national revolution ideology played an important role in the Chinese revolution development and in the arising of national revolution. The drawbacks of the ideology also effected the development of the theory and practice of Chinese revolution.


Few studies explore the concepts of nurses' career commitment and job performance. This study aimed to address this by using a survey method. A convenient sample of 640 registered nurses was obtained, with a response rate of 58.1%. All nurses in the sample `agreed' to keep committed to their careers and they felt that they were performing `well' their jobs. There were some significant differences between responses from intensive care units and wards in terms of demographics, career commitment and job performance. The correlation of total scores of nurses' career commitment and job performance indicated a significant and positive relationship. For increased career commitment and improved job performance, nurses need to be offered various professional development opportunities.


The reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride with L-phenylalanine in an AcOH : Py (3 : 2) mixture produced the imidodicarboxylic acid N,N'-(pyromellitoyl)bis(L-phenylalanine) in a quantitative yield, the treatment of which by thionyl chloride yielded the corresponding dichloroanhydride. The polycondensation of this dichloroanhydride with a number of aromatic diamines was carried out in a microwave oven in the presence of a small amount of o-cresol. The process is complete in 12 min and led to the formation of optically active poly(amidoimides) (η red = 0.27-0.41 dl/g) in a good yield. Some characteristics of the synthesized polymers are discussed.


Understanding the salinity transport mechanism in the estuaries is of great importance for coastal engineering, disaster prevention, water security and intertidal zone aquiculture.In this paper,the large-scale sea embankment in the Oujiang River Estuary (ORE) of Wenzhou shoal was taken as an example.Based on the intoduction of the study area,the 3D marine numerical model (EFDC) was setup and used for simulation of salinity changes induced by the embankment. The results indicated that the ORE is well-mixed estuary. The Ling-Ni Embankment designed in accordance with the flow direction makes the freshwater inflow reach far away, the salinity gradient increase, and the tongue contour reach further. The salinity difference of the north and south side of the embankment sea area is increased.


BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM'S (BART) TRAIN EQUIPMENT, TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, AND FARE COLLECTION SYSTEMS ARE DESCRIBED IN GENERAL AND IN DETAIL. COMPUTER CONTROL IS DENOTED AS THE KEY TO BART'S SYSTEM--FOR TRANSMITTING INFORMATION PERTAINING TO OPERATING THE EQUIPMENT FOR SCHEDULING AND SPACING OF TRAINS, AND FOR COLLECTING FARES AUTOMATICALLY.


Sonobuoy stations from the North Pacific have yielded 470 velocities, determined about equally from interval velocity (reflection) data and critical refraction data. The refraction velocities are corrected for dip and are tabulated with layer thicknesses. The interval velocities (also corrected for dip) from the sedimentary layers of the northern Pacific are plotted against one-way travel times and reveal characteristic velocity curves from various areas of the Pacific. Interval velocities from the opaque layer in the northwest Pacific reveal that its velocity is about 3.0 km/sec, or nearly double that of sediments at comparable depths elsewhere in the Pacific. Preliminary studies from the Bering Sea indicate that the human errors (interpretation of sonobuoy reflection curves) have little effect on plots of velocity versus one-way travel time. Sonobuoy refraction data from areas of the Pacific where the basement appears to be smooth (layer B), reveal that the smooth material is sometimes as much as several hundred meters thick and has a velocity that is less than that of typical basement. Although a wide range of velocities can exist in this material, there are many areas where it is likely to be less than 4.0 km/sec.


Meter reading and billing are time-consuming activities for power, water and gas providing boards. The existing billing system relies on a manual method of taking meter readings, updating the reading in the server and finally generating the bill amount. In this project, the user simply needs to use an Android application to capture and upload the picture of the meter after performing OCR operation. The processing on the image is performed on the server side using Google Colab and Python. The meter reading obtained from OCR processing is sent to the firebase, which is further pushed to the Android application. And finally the Android application displays the meter reading and the bill amount generated. Our project ensures the safety (from communicable diseases like COVID-19) of both the board staff and the customer as they don't come in contact with each other. This project also helps in cutting down on their expenditure by reducing manpower and travel costs.


abduction action activation/inhibition ageing animal cognition artificial life aspect attention autism automatism belief cate gorization causality, mental causation cognitive development cognitive psychiatry cognitivism communication competence, performance complexity computational analysis concept connectionism consciousness constrai nt constructivism context and situation control counterfactual creativity desire d ifferentiation discourse distributed intelligence domain specificity dualism, monism emergence emotion epiphenomenalism epistemic epistemology experience explanation expressiveness ex ternalism, internalism foetal cognition frame problem function functional neuroimaging functionalism fuzzy goal-directed behaviour grammar holism identity individualism infa nt cognition information inheritance intentionality inte raction interpretation introduction (of Dictionary) introspection knowledge acquisition knowledge base language language of thought learning lexicon localization of function logic logicism, psychologism meaning memory mental imagery metacognition mind modality model modularity morphology naturalization neural Darwinism neural network neuropsychology normativity number object or al pattern recognition perception phenomenalism physicalism prag matics problem solving propositional attitude propositional format psychophysics qualia qualitative physics reading realism reasoning and rationality reductionism relevance representational r obotics schizophrenia semantic case, thematic relation semantic network semantics semiotics sense sense, reference sign social cognition space subdoxastic supervenience symbol syn tax text theory of mind time and tense truth Turing machine type, token validation will writing


Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is characterized by hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis and hypodontia. We present an 11-year-old girl who developed some malformative stigmas at birth such as facial dysmorphysm, abnormally low-placed auricles, hypertelorism, and exophthalmia. At present we can identify dry scaly skin; fine sparse and brittle hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes, hypodontia, nail dystrophy, hypohidrosis, and athelia, with deficient hearing and vision. Histopathological examination reveals absence of sweat glands. In this case we discuss the heterogeneity of the ectodermal dysplasias and the clinical criteria for their classification. We present a rare association of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and athelia.


SCIENCE sciencemag.org T his October, television and web viewers were treated to an advertisement featuring basketball star LeBron James taking a ride in a driverless car. At first, James— known for his fearlessness on the court—peers in doubtfully at the vacant driver's seat and declares: "Nope." But after a short trip in the back seat, he has changed his tune. "Hey yo, I'm keepin' this!" James exclaims to friends. The ad, from computer chip–maker Intel in Santa Clara, California, is aimed at overcoming what could be one of the biggest obstacles to the widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles (AVs): consumer distrust of the technology. Unnerved by the idea of not being in control—and by news of semiAVs that have crashed, in one case killing the owner—many consumers are apprehensive. In a recent survey by AAA, for example, 78% of respondents said they were afraid to ride in an AV. In a poll by insurance giant AIG, 41% didn't want to share the road with driverless cars. And, ironically, even as companies roll out more capable semi-AVs, the public is becoming less—not more—trusting of AVs, according to surveys over the past 2 years by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge and marketing firm J.D. Power and Associates. Such numbers are a warning sign to firms hoping to sell millions of AVs, says Jack Weast, the chief systems architect of Intel's autonomous driving group in Phoenix. "We could have the safest car in the world," he says, "but if consumers don't want to put their kids into it, then there's no market." Consumer distrust has become a catalyst, prompting researchers in industry and academia to a launch a wide range of studies aimed at understanding how people perceive AVs—and what might persuade skeptics to change their views. Some are studying how those outside the vehicle, including pedestrians and nearby drivers, react to driverless vehicles. Others are focusing on how passengers interact with AVs, for instance by testing whether people are more likely to trust cars that talk or share visual information on screens. Bertram Malle, a psychologist at Brown University, predicts that "acceptability is going to depend on how people feel when they are riding in an AV."


Performance evaluation determines the effectiveness of human resource management process.Medium and small-sized private enterprise in a highly competitive market environment to survive and develop,we must grasp the concept of performance appraisal and scientific skills to enhance their core competitiveness.This systematic analysis of the current medium and small-sized private enterprises in China in human resources management of employee performance problems and assess the reasons for,and on this basis put forward to improve and strengthen the medium and small-sized private enterprises employee performance evaluation countermeasure and measure.


Connecttivity of wireless sensor network Node has been a topic of active research in recent years. Network connectivity has been shown to be effective with respect to increasing localization performance via redundant nodes. In building sparse distribution of sensor nodes, multi-hop routing is traditionally approach to tiansmission information from a source node to a destination node. A disadvantage of this approach is that loss of connectivity of nodes in the path between source and destination may lead to a partitioning of the network. We present a new approach using synchronous transmission to connect disconnected parts of a network thus overcoming the separation problem of multi-hop networks. We show the approach improves connectivity compared to multi-hop approaches and reduces the number of nodes necessary to provide full coverage of an area.


ABSTRACT Of late, there have been efforts towards regional harmonisation of industrial relations (IR) systems in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). IR systems are closely linked to labour law systems. This research looks into ASEAN labour law systems as plausibly occupying loci or points along a continuum. At one end might be systems influenced by the legal family of civil law; at the other could be those swayed by the legal family of common law. In between, there is likely a gamut of systems having endogenous origins, hybrids of civil Law and common law, trichotomies that include customary or indigenous law, among others. Is it possible to harmonise or transfer labour laws across ASEAN? What have been the approaches to labour market regulation? Using a comparative case study method, this paper attempts to answer these questions and delves into examples from the Philippines and Malaysia to show that the path to harmonising or transferring labour laws within ASEAN is long and difficult in light of critical stumbling blocks, such as methodological nationalism, legal endemism, diverging epistemological assumptions, and modes of legal reasoning of labour laws.


Objective To compare multi-cell washing machine and hand for frozen and thawed red blood cells glycerol elimination,to find a fast and efficient washing methods.Methods Using multi-function machine and hand washing machine on frozen thawed washed red blood cells each 48 samples,according to"blood components of whole blood quality requirements,"Test frozen red blood cells glycerol elimination recovery rate,supernatant hemoglobin,in vitro hemolysis test,supernatant glycerol content.Results Cell washing machine system glycerol elimination quick,practical,overcome hand-washing steps the long hours,low efficiency,human factors such problems.Two different ways to thaw frozen red blood cell glycerol eliminationmeet quality standards,multi-functional cell washing machine has short time and high efficiency.Conclusion The quality control testing of multi-functional cell washing machine was fast,practical and applicable to RhD frozen red blood cells glycerol elimination.


A major problem in the analysis of surface contaminants is the identification and characterization of organics, especially of small areas. The frequently-used surface analytical techniques provide elemental information which is insufficient for organic analysis. Plasma chromotography-mass spectroscopy and the laser Raman microprobe technique are useful in characterizing organic surface contaminants. Both techniques are described and examples of application of the techniques are given.


Psychological benefits from vanpooling and management attitudes toward ridesharing are compared and contrasted using restricted confirmatory and unrestricted exploratory factor analysis of Southern California survey data. In order to assess the truck market potential for vanpools in the U.S. in the ninties, it might be useful to assess the benefits of vanpooling in a more comprehensive manner than this. Benefits to the commuter from vanpooling might include such things as reduced automobile ownership and operating costs, reduced parking costs, improved commuting trip reliability, safety, comfort, and convenience, reduced commuting stress, improved morale and productivity at work, environmental and social benefits. Two data bases drawn from Southern California in 1985 and 1988 were used in this analysis, one specifically related to individually perceived psychological benefits from vanpooling, the other more generally related to managerial or organizational perceptions of the direct benefits to the employer from ridesharing. (A)


Abstract : National defense has been and continues to be a major commitment of the United States. However, with the demise of the Soviet Union, came a reevaluation of the military size and capability necessary for the national defense. With the perceived reduced threat came reduced budgets. This resulted in the military having to determine a proper balance between readiness and modernization. To prepare for tomorrow's threat, modernization is essential. However, modernization is also expensive. The acquisition of new weapon systems is time consuming, expensive and often plagued with performance difficulties as technology is pushed to advance weapon capability. Repeated attempts to procure systems faster, better, and cheaper have failed. However, the budget cuts of the 1990s have forced drastic measures. Acquisition reform could more aptly be named acquisition revolution as the measures being taken are truly revolutionary. This paper looks at some of the circumstances and problems that led to the acquisition reform movement. It looks at some of the reform initiatives taken, briefly examines why the changes were significant, and discusses anticipated benefits. Finally, the implementation of acquisition reform initiatives and their effects, as implemented by the Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) System Program Office, are examined.


This auto ethnography of being a female academic with bipolar disorder emerged from an interview about personal experiences during the first year of a doctoral program and a personal paper written about a social justice issue. This article first delves into the driving forces behind my struggles and successes during my first year as a doctoral student. Secondly, it addresses the new voice I found during my second year as a PhD student. Finally, I discuss how these voices interact, converging and diverging as a third voice emerges. This is auto ethnography of what having bipolar disorder can mean to a newly-diagnosed individual. It is an article of struggle, triumph, and many emotions in between.


The population of children around the world who require alternative care outside of the natural family is staggeringly large. This presents fundamental dilemmas and challenges for every nation. This article notes how the United Kingdom's (UK's) response has evolved from that of a non-interventionist state to one that claims an interest in "Every Child". Attention is drawn to the way in which the State's "Third Way: What matters is what works" ideology has led to radical reform of public sector services and the widespread sub-contracting of alternative care for children to the independent sector. The article presents rare data on the relative performance of children in public sector as opposed to costly independent foster care. Contrary to expectations the data reveal minimal differences between the two groups. The data offer no justification, on the grounds of efficacy, for the use of independent sector provision as opposed to public sector provision.


By now,many researches are carried out for the best way to calculate the channel navigable capacity,but no one can be ascertained as the standard calculation method.Based on the analysis of the relevant research deliveraies,it is simple and convenient to adopt the utilization ratio way for calculating the channel navigable capacity.In that case,different navigable capacity calculation methods are educed respectively for one-way,two-way and compound channels.The above will provide the reference for the design of similar channel projects in the future.


Influence of cross-correlation functions of connection of angular motion of founding is set on the size of drift of axis of figure of gyroscope of direction with structural surplus. The ways of increase of efficiency of autoindemnification of influence of kinematics indignation of stochastic structure are set


Under fluid shear stress, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) cultured in a monolayer are known to exhibit marked elongation and orientation to the direction of flow [1]. It is also observed that intracellular F-actin filament distributions changed depending on the amplitude of shear stress and the direction of flow, suggesting morphology of ECs is closely related to cytoskeltal structure [2]. ECs generate contractile forces by the actin-myosin machinery and the forces are transmitted to underlying substrate as cellular traction forces. We hypothesize that reorganization of cytoskeletal structures regulates traction forces in ECs exposed to fluid shear stress. In order to measure traction forces and cell morphology simultaneously, we have developed a newly designed flow-imposed device in which a substrate with arrays of elastomeric micropillars (3 μm in diameter and 10 μm in height) is integrated on the bottom of a parallel plate flow chamber. In this study, traction force distributions and morphological changes in GFP-tagged ECs in a monolayer under fluid flow are simultaneously evaluated through image analysis in a spatial and a temporal manner.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


This study investigated whether strategies on embedded-figures problems and water-level problems can be changed through instructional programs. The sample consisted of 48 boys and girls ages 7 to 8 years who were assigned to three treatment groups. One experimental condition received restructuring-in-perception training. Subjects in another experimental condition received conservation-of-horizontality training. Subjects in the control condition received no training. Analysis suggested that restructuring-in-perception training improved performance on embedded-figures problems. The improvement could be attributed to a higher percentage of solutions in the category of the simultaneous (or figurative) strategy. Also, conservation-of-horizontality training improved performance on water-level problems. The latter was dependent on structural mental attentional capacity. In spite of improvements, however, subjects' performances appeared to be task-specific rather than generalizable across tasks.


Excessive usage of surfactants in daily life and industry and their undesirable high foamability have caused serious environmental pollution and economic loss. Improving cleaning efficiency and reducing foam stability concurrently...


Traumatic brain injury (TBI), traumatic injuries to the brain, also called intracranial injury, or simply head injury, occurs when a sudden trauma causes brain damage. TBI can result from a closed head injury or a penetrating head injury and is one of two subsets of acquired brain injury (ABI). TBI is a major public health problem, especially among males ages 15 to 24, and among elderly people of both sexes 75 years and older. Children aged 5 and younger are also at high risk for TBI.Males account for two thirds of childhood and adolescent head trauma patients. Half of all TBIs are due to transportation accidents involving automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, and pedestrians. Approximately 20% of TBIs are due to violence, such as firearm assaults and child abuse, and about 3% are due to sports injuries. Material and methods: The authors describe a case of a young boy of 17 years old that by the age of 8 was hit by a football beacon that caused a severe brain injury. He is regularly followed in consultations in the Pediatric and Development Rehabilitation Service – Centro de Medicina de Reablitacao Alcoitao. The authors will describe the effects of TBI in this particular case, either cognitive problems, sensory, emotional as physical problems. Conclusions: Rehabilitation is an important and critical part of the recovery process for a TBI patient. The overall goal of rehabilitation after a TBI is to improve the patient's ability to function at home and in society in the face of the residual effects of the injury, which may be complex and multifaceted. Patients will often have problems in the areas of general cognition, social cognition/awareness, behavior and emotional regulation that present significant challenges, in terms of being able to resume expected social roles. This case is an example of how the neuro-phsychological sequelae were disabling in the child's life, specially in cognition areas. Poster Cientifico apresentado no VII World Congress on Brain Injury – Lisboa, 9 a 12 de Maio 2008


DEVELOPING DIGITAL CHINESE WATER-INK ANIMATION Renaissance of Chinese Water-ink Animation: Digital Art with a Focus on Realistic Interactions Between Water-Ink and Rice Paper Yue Zhou Michael G Wagner, Ph. D. In this paper we present an introduction to Chinese water-ink animations and an exploration of the style and technique that defines an animation as Chinese water-ink. Building upon these traditional techniques we introduce new digital styles to reconstruct important elements of water-ink animation within a virtual environment. Specifically we explore the addition of rice paper as an element within the digital and suggest new ways in which digital Chinese water-ink animation might grow in the future.


BACKGROUND
While most research on temperature and mortality has focused on the elderly, little has concentrated on infants, who may also lack thermoregulatory responses to heat exposure.

METHODS
We examined mean daily apparent temperature, a combination of temperature and humidity, and infant deaths in California during the warm season of May through October 1999 to 2011. Deaths from all causes and specifically from congenital malformations, sudden infant death syndrome, abnormal gestation duration, respiratory causes, and circulatory causes were considered in a time-stratified case-crossover analysis of 12 356 infant deaths.

RESULTS
For all-cause mortality, excess risk was 4.4% (95% confidence interval -0.3, 9.2) per 5.6°C increase for average of same day and previous 3 days apparent temperature (lag 03). The associations for apparent temperature and both all-cause mortality and deaths caused by gestation duration were highest for Black infants (13.3%, 95% CI 0.6, 27.6 and 23.7%, 95% CI -3.3, 58.2, respectively), while White infants had elevated risk for deaths from respiratory causes (44.6%; -0.7, 110.5). We further observed differential effects for neonates (infants aged 28 days and under) and post-neonates (infants above 28 days and under 1 year), and coastal and non-coastal regions. These associations remained even after considering criteria air pollutants.

CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that infants are a vulnerable subgroup to heat exposure. Further studies should be conducted with a sufficient number of cases of infant deaths in other locales.


Through research on the questionnaires,this paper aims at analyzing the present situation and traits of EFL teaching based on multimedia and network environments in Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic,explaining the practical significance of applying modern foreign language teaching theories and multimedia network technologies to EFL teaching,thus offering approaches to effective integration between multimedia network technologies and EFL teaching in Polytechnics.


We investigate the relationship between decisions made in experimental ultimatum games and the cognitive ability of participants (students and adults aged 20s–80s). We find that the relationship between the offer amount and cognitive ability is quadratic and concave: a sender with lower cognitive ability offers about 25% of the endowment compared with 50% and 40% for senders with middle and high cognitive ability, respectively. However, we find no relationship between receiver behavior and cognitive ability. These findings suggest that cognitive ability plays an important role when a participant faces a more strategic role.


Predictive process analytics focuses on predicting the future states of running instances of a business process using machine learning and AI-based techniques. While advanced machine learning techniques have been used to increase accuracy of predictions, the resulting predictive models lack transparency. Current explainability methods, such as LIME and SHAP, can be used to interpret black box models. However, it is unclear how fit for purpose these methods are in explaining process predictive models, which use complex, multi-dimensional event logs, often alongside various types of context-related data. However, given the vast array of explainable methods available, and the differences in the mechanism used to provide the explanations and the content of the explanation, this evaluation becomes complex and no standard method or framework of evaluation currently exists. The proposed project, therefore, aims to address methods to evaluate and improve AI and machine learning transparency in the field of predictive process analytics, with particular emphasis on creating a standardised evaluation framework and approach for event log data.


Border policy plays very important role for each states from the perspective of stable and secure relations with neighbouring countries. However, for newly independent countries it is much more important and gives a new challenges and tasks.

As, Azerbaijan held its independence recently after the fall of Soviet Union of course such kind of issue is highly important for it, too. This article will try to scrutinize border policy of Azerbaijan government after independence. Actually, Azerbaijan conducts balanced policy, so it has good relations with all bordering countries except Armenia because of war between them. Meanwhile Azerbaijan has demlitertion and demarcation problems with bordering countries and thus also will be discussed in this article as well.


For the decoupling of nonlinear system,a decoupling method has been put forward which is aimed at nonlinear system,such as fuzzy control decoupling and neural network decoupling.Because of the function of self-learning and non-sensitive of perturbation of parameters,neural network is used for input and output decoupling of some special nonlinear systems.In this way,it can gain much better characteristic of robust.Firstly,the common structures of decoupling of neural network are introduced.Secondly,the research methods of Diagonal Recurrent Neural Network (DRNN) are introduced.A PID decoupling method of multi-variable and nonlinear system using Diagonal Recurrent Neural Network is advanced.The emulative results indicate that the decoupling method is feasible and effective for the given system.


Standing balance is the process which keeps the pressure center, vertical projection of the centre of gravity on ground inside the body weight-bearing. This study evaluates posture control in patients with unilateral lesion of anterior cruciate ligament of knee and in healthy individuals (control group), through parameters of pressure center. Nineteen healthy individuals (11 men, 8 women, age ranged from 18 to 30 years) and nineteen patients with unilateral lesion of anterior cruciate ligament of knee (18 men, 1 woman, age ranged from 15 to 33 years) were evaluated by FSCAN MAT® version 3848 (Tekscan® , Boston, MA, USA) sensors. Four different static tests with unilateral bearing were made, alternating the sides (dominant and non dominant) and keeping open or closed eyes. The parameters were calculated: total length path, antero-posterior amplitude, medio-lateral amplitude and maximum speed of pressure center. The results have pointed out that: the dominance of inferior limbs does not affect in a special way the balance of healthy individuals, the vision is an important factor in posture control and the unilateral lesion of anterior cruciate ligament of knee affects the balance in unilateral weight bearing, on both sides, however more evident on the side with the lesion.


DC, as I explored various exhibitions and sessions and attended the Board of Directors and other meetings (including many informal "meetings in the wings"), I was pleased to see how central a role the Augmentative and Alternative Communication (A A C) journal plays within our field and ISAAC as a whole. As a respected, beneficial, and high-quality publication for the advancement of augmentative and alternative communication, A A C is, indeed, alive and well! The journal has been a flagship of ISAAC since the Organization's early years. Today, as ISAAC continues to broaden its horizons to include such topics as consumer use of AAC, literacy and AAC, inclusion and AAC, and AAC applications for people in emerging nations, we must not forget that the backbone of ISAAC is research, scholarly reflection, and debate with regard to AAC-related concepts, theory building, and implications. Has the A A C journal done its part to advance research in our field? In my view, this has certainly been the case, even for those who are not engaged in theoretical work. For example, the content of D r i e l u i k, the publication of ISAAC's Dutch-Flemish Chapter, has clearly been shaped by A A C. I need only look to the many references to the journal to know that A A C had been a source of information and inspiration that, in turn, has helped to raise AAC awareness worldwide. My own work has also been very much influenced by A A C. In 1998, together with Martine Nijs and Louis Smet, I published a Dutch-language book on the background, rationale, and application of the use of manual signing as an AAC technique. Of the 252 references in the book, 23 were from A A C, indicating that about one-tenth of the available information on manual signing comes from the journal. This is an impressive fact, given that the use of manual signing is based on deafness, gesture research, and (psycho)linguistics—areas of research that go beyond the traditional realm of AAC. But the journal's contribution to our book was even more substantial because several of the articles were referred to in more than one place (and often more than five). The Dutch manual on signing is but one example of the significance of A A C, which serves four important purposes. First, thanks to high-quality submissions, it provides a forum for research discussion and theory building within our field. Second, it provides critical information for research and theory building beyond the traditional range of AAC; the journal has become essential to our understanding of such issues as general language processes, speech synthesis, inclusion, early communication, and pragmatics. Third, the journal provides an international forum for an increasing number of authors from non–English-speaking countries. This development—which we must continue to encourage—reflects the growing richness of our approach to AAC. Communication is significantly influenced by culture, and A AC 's international approach has enabled its readership to better understand the differences and similarities of communication and associated interventions. Fourth, A A C is thought provoking and, hence, has important implications for practice. Although it is an academic journal, it is able to connect with the nonacademic world in many ways. For example, several theoretical articles on literacy in AAC served as the basis for an applied discussion in a subsequent issue of D r i e l u i k, which discussed case reports, practical ideas and tips, and learning materials. In this and many other cases, topics in the journal transcend the theoretical as they are addressed within the clinical, practical world—and often within non–English-speaking AAC communities. Over the next decade, it is expected that electronic communication will greatly assist the globalization of AAC. Indeed, each day, ISAAC and the AAC community at large are becoming more of a worldwide network of dedicated consumers, parents, friends, and professionals. However, although technology offers major advantages and poses exciting challenges for the advancement of our field, our first priority must be to ensure the quality of the information we send speeding through cyberspace. A A C is known for its methodological strengths and its social validity and relevance. Let us make sure that this will always be the case. It is in the interests of all ISAAC and AAC stakeholders—consumers, researchers, clinicians, educators, and friends alike—to promote the importance of A A C for now and the future. Success will require a commitment from the organization as a whole, particularly from ISAAC chapters. Given the efforts that are already being made in many quarters and A AC 's recognized and growing influence, I am confident that the journal will continue to be the leading voice of AAC within our field and beyond. 0743-4618/01/1702-0061 $3.00/0; Volume 17, June 2001 AAC Augmentative and Alternative Communication Copyright © 2001 by ISAAC


Abstract Extract Osteochondritis dissecans has been reported in most of the domestic species and, in particular, in those breeds within the species where the emphasis has been on selection for large size and rapidmaturity. It is seen most commonly on the epiphysis forming the main weight-bearing joints, the shoulder, elbow, hip, stifle and hock. In the horse the most commonly affected joint is the femero-patellar joint with the lesion occurring at the same site at approximately the mid-point of the lateral trochlear ridge. This paper is confined to a discussion of this condition.


The successful application of simple statistical methods in economic modelling suggest that similar methods could provide insight into global climate. We apply an autoregressive method to observed ...


E-learning has continued to gain the interest of en terprises and universities. As an organization's de ployed e-learning systems grow, it is important for resear che s to evaluate the performance of those systems. With the growing trend toward web-based learning systems , behavioral intention models (such as TAM, TPB, TAM2 and UTAUT) seem particularly helpful to examin e whether and why people use e-learning technologies. Prior research has presented various perspectives o n individual difference, which mostly focused on demographic variables, such as age, gender, educati on nd individual experience. It is not easy to cla rify the cross-effectiveness and redundancy among these d mographic variables. In this study, learning and teaching styles are regarded as cognitive individua l ifferences in adopting e-learning systems. Match ing teaching and learning styles improves learning, att itudes, behavior and motivation. The proposed model, EduBIM (Education Behavioral In tention Model), focuses on the degree of correspondence between students' perceived learning and teaching styles, which together directly moder ate the intention and usage of e-learning systems. This study enriches the UTAUT model by integrating cognitive individual differences to synthesize the effects of demographic moderators. This model will enable researchers to evaluate behavioral intention toward e-learning systems and to propose further s tudies on system acceptance.


Rivaroxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor that is not yet FDA approved, is one of several new potential substitutes for warfarin. In this report,


This article analyzes how the play P.A.R.G.O. (2001), written, directed, and performed by the Dominican Waddys Jaquez represents the contemporary experience of the Dominican diaspora. Jaquez himself forms part of a new generation of diasporic artists who frequently return "home," to the Dominican Republic, and who, unlike the previous generation of diasporic artists and writers, continue to find their most valuable audience there. This tendency towards an increasing interconnectivity between diaspora and homeland is represented and a/effectively reinforced in P.A.R.G.O. The play brings the experience of the diaspora close to home for the audience, not by compelling them to identify with the characters' particular identities, but rather by placing center stage their ongoing negotiations and "making do" with personal and economic difficulties that define their lives both at home and abroad. This article is available in Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol32/iss2/7 Passion Plays: The Dominican Diaspora in Waddys Jaquez's P.A.R.G.O. By Maja Horn Barnard College Until fairly recently, accounts of the experience of the Hispanic Caribbean diaspora were likely to coalesce around the significant break that immigration caused in immigrants' lives.1 Migration histories were structured by the "before" and "after" of immigration and emphasized the stark cultural differences between "here" and "there," the real and imaginary distance between diasporas and their homeland. Similarly, diasporic cultural production tended to be perceived as far-flung and removed from national cultural developments at "home."2 Nowadays, increasing awareness of the connections and continuities between diasporas and countries of origin has shifted the emphasis in scholarship from the "before" and "after" of immigration to a concern with circular migration— migrants moving back and forth between the home and destination country—and with the ties that continue to bind migrants to, rather than separate them from, their home countries. As Ernesto Sagas and Sintia E. Molina in their introduction to the anthology Dominican Migration: Transnational Perspectives (2004) emphasize: Nowadays, modern transportation provides easy and cheap travel back and forth between host and receiving societies. New communications technology allows migrants to stay in touch 1 Horn: Passion Plays: The Dominican Diaspora in Waddys Jaquez's P.A.R.G. Published by New Prairie Press


The incorporation of straw after rice harvest makes rice seed reduction difficult. On the other hand, it favors the decomposition of straw, enabling the preparation of the area in advance, thus allowing the preparation of the recommended planting period. The objective of this work was to assess the interference of different management techniques after harvest in rice-cultivated areas in reducing the viability of red rice seeds. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in split-plots in time, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design (7x6), consisting of factor A: [a] permanent water blade, [2] straw incorporation with dry soil tillage after rice harvest, [3] incorporation of straw with flooded soil after harvest, [4] incorporation of dry soil only in July, [5]  incorporation of straw with flooded soil after harvest and area disking  in July with dry soil, [6] incorporation of straw in dry soil immediately after harvest and area disking only in July with dry soil and [7] without incorporation. Factor B was composed of different timings of seed bank sampling for the presence of red rice. Sampling was initiated at harvest, occurring every thirty days until October. The greatest effect on seed bank reduction was verified when using implements that superficially incorporated the straw, such as the rolling knife, which acts on  dormancy breaking, non-viability and stimulation of red rice germination.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this report is to describe novel techniques using only three trocars for combined laparoscopic splenectomy and cholecystectomy. Trocars are placed intraumbilically, in the right midclavicular line, and slightly lateral to the left midclavicular line. Five children underwent combined laparoscopic cholecystectomy and splenectomy during which these three trocar sites were used. The operative time averaged 89 min (range 70–110). There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications, and no cases were converted to open procedures. No child required a transfusion. This technique represents a change from five or six trocars in combined splenectomy/cholecystectomy to only three trocars without an increase in operative time or complication rate.


With the rapid development of computers, the Internet has become an important part of College Students' life, which leads to the impact of multiculturalism on students. Therefore, colleges pay more and more attention to the ideological and political work (hereinafter referred to as TIAPW) of students. TIAPW is the core content of Party building work, which is an important grasp to ensure the political and ideological nature of Party building work. Through the "humanized" education methods and ideas, we can better carry out the construction of socialist civilization, which will solve the current plight of students' ideological work. By adjusting the relevant educational concepts and methods, we can better complete the relevant content. Therefore, based on the computer Internet environment, colleges should improve the traditional TIAPW, which will better guide students. First of all, this paper analyzes the importance of improving students' traditional ideological work. Then, this paper puts forward some problems. Finally, this paper constructs a collaborative model of TIAPW.


At most one cycle contraceptive therapy encompass administration of a combination of estrogen and progestogen contraceptive effective daily dosage of consecutive 35 days, the progestogen is a potent sulfatase inhibiting progestogen and the progestogen said treatment cycle after 35 days continuous at most the can comprises including 4-8 days which is administered in the absence of estrogen administration, the step of applying the treatment cycle to women menstruating It describes a method of contraception.


High quality SiO2 gate insulator has been demonstrated for GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) transistor which has high performance with normally-off operation. The SiO2 films formed on GaN by microwave-excited plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MW-PECVD) and annealed after deposition exhibits a low-interface state density between SiO2 and GaN, a high-breakdown field, and a high charge-to-breakdown. The SiO2 films have been also applied to the gate insulator of AlGaN/GaN hybrid MOS heterojunction field-effect transistor (HFET) on Si substrate. The MOS-HFET show excellent properties with the threshold voltage of 4.2 V and the maximum field-effect mobility of 161 cm2 V-1 s-1.


In the case of time-series analysis, it is often more convenient to rely on the frequency domain than the time domain. Spectral density is the core of the frequency-domain analysis that describes autocorrelation structures in a time-series process. Possible ways to estimate spectral density are to compute a periodogram or to average the periodogram over some frequencies with (un)equal weights. This can be an attractive tool to measure the similarity between time-series processes. We employ the metrics based on a smoothed periodogram proposed by Park and Kim (2008) for the classification of different classes of time-series processes. We consider several lag windows with unequal weights instead of a modified Daniel`s window used in Park and Kim (2008). We evaluate the performance under various simulation scenarios. Simulation results reveal that the metrics used in this study split the time series into the preassigned clusters better than do the raw-periodogram based ones proposed by Caiado et al. (2006). Our metrics are applied to an economic time-series dataset.


Umea, Sweden, is going to be the European Capital of Culture (ECOC) in 2014. How does this major event in the city affect the spatial planning? An official theme for Umea2014 is 'co-creation', an ...


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Clomiphene citrate (CC) has established itself as a useful management strategy for men with testosterone deficiency (TD). While CC has been shown to be efficacious in younger men and men with low baseline luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, it is unclear if it is effective in a diverse population of TD patients. We attempted to develop a nomogram to aid clinicians in defining the likelihood of response to CC in men with TD. METHODS: The study population included all men on CC for TD who had available information on age, and baseline and post-treatment T and LH levels. Men with baseline total T ≥ 400 ng/dL were excluded. All men started on 25mg clomiphene every other day (QOD) and those with only a partial response were increased to 50mg QOD. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the patient cohort. Logistic regression was used to model the probability of attaining a total T increase of 200 ng/dL within 6 months. Predictors entered into the model were patient age, baseline total T, and baseline LH levels (see figure below). RESULTS: A total of 143 men in our database had the appropriate data and were included in our study. Median age was 61.7 (IQR 50, 67.5) years. Median baseline T was 287 (IQR 220, 327) ng/dL and LH 3.65 (2.8, 4.9) IU/L. For comorbidities, 42% of men had hypertension, 14.7% diabetes, 45.5% hyperlipidemia, 21.7% sleep apnea, 2.8% coronary artery disease. 32% men were on 25mg QOD and 68% were increased to 50mg QOD. 62% of men had an increase in T of ≥200ng/dL within 6 months of starting CC. Predictors of achieving this T increase were younger age, lower baseline LH, and lower baseline total T, though none of these were found statistically significant at a 0.05 level. The concordance index for the nomogram was 0.54. Functional examples of the performance of the nomogram are presented in the table below. CONCLUSIONS: 62% of men experience a T increase of ≥ 200ng/dL within 6 months of starting CC. The most potentially influential predictor of this rise is patient age, followed by baseline total T and then baseline LH. Figure. No caption available. Table. No title available. Source of Funding: None


The rapid development and increasing competition conditions in computer and communication technologies in the globalizing world make it necessary for businesses to use information technologies more intensively. Information Technology; It is used in many fields such as education, health, communication, transportation, trade, and entertainment. The use of information technologies offers many advantages for both individuals and businesses. Especially the fact that the internet is the most widely used information technology makes our lives easier and accelerates our work. Information technologies are important in acquiring, storing, and transmitting information and creating a safer environment for businesses to control and manage their processes more effectively and efficiently. At the same time, as a result of the use of information technologies, there is a significant decrease in the costs of the enterprises, and an increase in efficiency is observed. This research, it is aimed to examine the use of information technologies in Türkiye conceptually and observationally in the light of studies in the literature. For this purpose, first of all, the importance of Science, Information, and Information Technology concepts are explained and the characteristics of Information Technologies and their benefits in terms of business are explained. According to the data of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) after the conceptual framework, the results of the Information Technologies usage research in Türkiye were used as observational in this study. In these observational results; The rates of 'enterprises' access to resources', 'businesses that make e-sales by economic activity group', and 'enterprises that experience breaches of information and communication technologies security' are mentioned. Keywords: Information Technology, Science, Information


A pulse radiolysis study which uses a flow system to irradiate mixtures of H2CO3 and HCO3- within 50 ms of their formation has demonstrated that the carbonate radical is a strong acid, pKa < 0, contrary to published reports of high pKas. The rate constant for reaction of the hydroxyl radical with H2CO3 is 7 × 104 M-1 s-1 at about 5 °C.


Abstract This study explores the effort of the Bolshevik state during the 1920s to establish a means of communicating with the peasantry through an examination of the two centrally produced nationwide party newspapers directed during the New Economic Policy at a peasant audience and the most influential periodical dealing with press issues in the 1920s. It specifically examines the effort to create a language that would facilitate communication with the peasantry and the attempt to develop a new type of journalist, the rural peasant correspondent, who would be able to command the new language and address the issues that most concerned the peasantry while translating to the village the goals of the revolution. On the eve of collectivization the Soviet regime had at the very least opened a wedge into the village via the newspaper. In turn, the peasants were incorporating the newspaper into their weapons of the weak. A newspaper culture was beginning to emerge in rural Russia upon which a shared national vision might have been created.


The invention relates to an oil-in-water emulsion with high content of oil phase and cleaning effect, which comprises 45-90% by weight of oil phase, 5-45% by weight of water phase, 3-10% by weight of emulsifier component and 2-10% by weight of detergent component with the HLB value of being larger than 18 based on the total weight of the emulsion, wherein the HLB value of the emulsifier component is 8-18, and the compound HLB value is 10-15. In addition, the invention further relates to a preparation method and a use of the emulsion. The oil-in-water emulsion has storage stability and can release skin-moisturizing grease during smearing, be changed into the emulsion after being leached with water, be easy to flush clean and leave non-greasy skin feeling on skin, so that the oil-in-water emulsion can be widely used in products for personal nursing and making up.


The present work is an essay that indicates the theoretical remakings and the new theories and methods that the REDLAD has developing from his creation, eight years ago. The ways of making compatible the Critical Analysis of the Speech with Critical Realism and the first one with the Systemic Functional Linguistics that serve as theoretical frames of the researches of the NETWORK. Then, there appears the making of the passage of theories that take minor elements as a unit of analysis to the text (as the clause) or that with are not employed utteraces to the text (hierarchy of the information, processes and thematic roles and the argumentation following the model of Toulmin). Finally, new methods and theories, as the theory and synchronous and dyachronic method of linguistic analysis of texts, the method EDCM, method of linguistic approaches converging for the Discourse Analysis (AD) with critical perspective and audio-visual discourse analysis method are discussed.


The effects of kerosene contamination at various levels on the germination and growth of soya bean investigated in 2013 at the local garden of the Department of Botany, Delta State University, Abraka. Levels of kerosene contamination used were 0.00, 0.68, 1.35, 2.03 and 2.70% (w/w). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The results indicated that kerosene contamination of soils significantly  (P≤ 0.05) affected the growth parameters: germination percentage, days of germination rate of germination, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of pods and biomass accumulation (fresh and dry weights) of the test plant- the effects being concentration dependent. A negative interaction existed between the level of the contaminant and the growth characteristics measured. This study has thus shown that soil contamination with kerosene has a highly significantly P≤ 0.05) effect of reducing the growth of soya bean thereby posing a great threat to food security. The study also has a great implication in environmental management.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: sanitary-hygienic complex can be used for nursing critically ill bed-patients. Complex is connected with source of water supply and sewage system and/or is used in autonomous way. It contains system of warm air supply. Movable side barriers, backs and bed form a box, covered with padding from waterproof material with hermetic adaptors. There is a unit with supply and exhaust ventilation. Portable mixer of hot and cold water is provided with universal fixer and injector-siphon on flexible hose, as well as portable regulator of water pressure on injector. Complex contains device, installed above bed, provided with hole and pipe for supply and outflow of air from device. Additionally it contains drainage hole in foot part of bed and drainage hole in pelvic segment. EFFECT: claimed is sanitary-hygienic complex for bed-patient care. 62 cl, 23 dwg


High-performance thermosetting resins should have good toughness and stiffness, so simultaneously toughening and stiffening is the main target in developing high-performance resins. A novel modified cyanate ester resin with improved toughness and stiffness was developed by copolymerizing 2,2′-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)isopropylidene (CE) with hyperbranched polyphenylsilsesquioxane (HBPPSi). The mechanical properties and their nature were systematically investigated from the viewpoint of structure-property relations using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and spectral analyses. It is found that a suitable content of HBPPSi in CE resin can effectively improve toughness and stiffness. In the case of the CE resin modified with 10 wt% HBPPSi, its impact and flexural strengths are 21 kJ m−2 and 148 MPa, respectively, about 2.6 and 1.4 times of those of neat CE resin. The flexural modulus increases from 3.0 (for neat CE resin) to 3.4 GPa. The results of dynamic mechanical analyses also corroborate the static mechanical properties. The improved toughness and stiffness of CE resin can be attributed to the synergistic effect resulting from changes of both polymer chain structure and aggregation state structure. These attractive features of HBPPSi/CE resins suggest that the method proposed herein may be a new approach for the development of high-performance resins for cutting-edge industries. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry


This paper aims to explore the emergence of maintenance as a source of competitive advantage in the upstream services sector, with a focus on the role of sustainability in enhancing the performance of maintenance processes. Specifically, the paper will present a conceptual framework that can be used to evaluate the sustainability of maintenance processes in services set-up, with an emphasis on the impact of external factors and the development of internal capabilities. By doing so, the paper seeks to contribute to the growing body of literature on sustainable maintenance and highlight the importance of sustainability in driving the success of maintenance processes.
 The methodology adopted for this study involves a review of the existing literature to identify the common sustainability framework used in the industry. The sustainability framework commonly used is based on the Brundtland Commission report (1987) and comprises three criteria: social, environmental, and economic, with a varying number of context-specific subfactors. The impact of these external factors on the performance of organizations is analyzed to determine their influence on sustainability performance or the development of internal capabilities. Additionally, qualitative research conducted on an upstream services company identified another important criterion contributing to the sustainable success of maintenance processes i.e. technical criteria.
 The evaluation of maintenance process sustainability can be based on four dimensions, namely technical, social, environmental, and economic, each with multiple criteria. The findings from the qualitative research demonstrate that the sustainable success of maintenance processes is a multi-level phenomenon that involves corporate, operational, and functional (process) levels of maintenance strategies.
 While sustainable maintenance is a relatively new concept for the petroleum industry, it has been commonly used in manufacturing and production settings in other sectors over the past decade. This study assessed the factors affecting the sustainable performance of maintenance processes by reviewing existing literature and proposing a conceptual framework. The framework's factors and subfactors were refined through qualitative research conducted on an upstream services company, highlighting the external factors contributing to positive outcomes and the development of internal capabilities. The proposed framework applies to any service provider setting to enhance the maintenance process's sustainable success.


Ab initio LCAOSCF calculations with a minimal STO‐3G basis set have been performed on dimers HF–HCN with HCN as the proton acceptor molecule. The equilibrium dimer has a linear FH··· NCH structure which is well described by the general hybridization model for the hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bond formation through the π electron system of HCN has also been investigated. It is found that the π dimers do not correspond to equilibrium structures on the intermolecular HF–HCN potential surface.


In Africa, there is growing knowledge regarding the use of data obtained by remote sensing and analysed while using Geographic Information Systems for solving myriad problems. The awareness has largely arisen through the efforts of the Programme on Space Applications (PSA) of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA), and the subsequent UN resolutions for the establishment of Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Education, to train scientists and researchers in different thematic areas of space, including Remote Sensing/Geographic Information Systems (RS/GIS). The African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in English (ARCSSTE-E) is one of these regional centres. The Centre has successfully trained 474 professionals from 18 countries since its inception in 1998; about 14% of these trainees have been female. This paper highlights the training programmes of ARCSSTE-E from its inception, and discusses the potential areas of improvement with a focus on the RS/GIS area. In 2019, a survey was conducted on alumni of the Postgraduate Diploma (PGD) programme of ARCSSTE-E. Based on the analysis of their responses and the progression of the PGD programme to a new Masters programme in RS/GIS at the university, there is clear evidence regarding the impact of the UNOOSA-assisted capacity building programme on the work and career of alumni, which has already produced an appreciable number of trained personnel in developing countries in Africa.


Objective:Our purpose was to determine whether decrease of amniotic fluid confers a significant risk of adverse perinatal outcome.Methods:We conducted a retrospective review of 60 patients entering antepartum testing at the hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital Xinjiang University of medical sciences from March to September in 2007.Amniotic fluid index(AFI)5.1-8cm is decreased.The study group and control group all undertake antenatal examination including fetal heart monitor S/D ratios,ultrasonic inspection,Perinatal outcomes including delivery gestational weeks,neonate birth weight,placental calcification,delivery mode.Stained amniotic fluid neonatal asphyxia and neonatal death.Results: Neonate body weight in the group of amniotic fluid decrease was obviously lower than that of the control group(P0.05).There was statistical significance between two groups at stained amniotic fluid(P0.05),cesarean section rate were higher in study group,no difference was found in the time of termination of pregnancy and neonatal asphyxia(P0.05),there was no neonatal death in two groups.Compared the two group of amniotic fluid decrease A1(5.1-6.5) and amniotic fluid decrease A2(6.6-8.0),no difference was found in the delivery gestational weeks,delivery mode,amniotic fluid pollution,neonatal asphyxia neonate birth weight and neonatal death.There was statistical significance between two groups at placental calcification.Conclution:The decrease of amniotic fluid is a danger signal of adverse perinatal outcome,it is important for us to pay more attention to monitor the decrease of amniotic fluid,we should broad cesarean delivery indicate for lowering incidence of adverse perinatal outcome.


. The presence of a solar background in the phase di ff erence between the intensity and velocity ( I − V ) p -mode oscillation signals recently has been interpreted in terms of downflows due to convection (Skartlien & Rast 2000) or due to chromospheric explosive events (Moretti et al. 2001a). In support of the latter, we present I and V characteristics of impulsive brightenings observed in the NaI D lines, show that these reproduce the frequency dependence of the I − V modulation background, and show that explanations invoking more frequently occurring phenomena such as seismic events are not likely in low- l modulation data.


Spectrum based fault localisation is a widely studied class of heuristics for locating faults within a software program. Unfortunately, the current state of the art ignores the inherent dependencies between the methods leading up to the fault, hence having a limited diagnostic accuracy. In this paper we present a variant of spectrum based fault localisation, which leverages series of method calls by means of sequence mining. We validate our variant (we refer to it as sequenced spectrum analysis) on the Defects4J benchmark, demonstrating that sequenced spectrum analysis gains a 12% points improvement against the state of the art.