..........t Schmidt IM.S.} bastaught elementaryand junior highorchestrafor fourteen yearsin Austin,MN;Albuquerque, NM; andNaperville,IL. Sheis assistant professorof atli-fill music educati<ln and directorof an ASiA WITH NSOAStrinfr Projectat Arilona StateUniversity. quandaries many of us have faced in teaching all four bowed instruments together. Evident here are Fischbach's familiar breezy style and his knowledge of Paul Rolland's concepts: introducing head-on the components of natural and healthful playing. Frost brings to bear his intimate knowledge of class training. Here are just some of the features I like in this first volume. The book looks good; it uses color and effective white space. The plentiful photographs present a diverse group of students. In a first among method books, the photos have an overlayof shots to give the sense of motion and change of position. Though you'll want to demonstrate and explain how to hold the instrument and bow, these illustrationsare good reminders for your students and come with Fischbach's mnemonics (e.g., Monkey Hang, "smile" thumb). The graphics for music theory are also contemporary and effective. Frost and Fischbach get right to the business of note reading, without substituting idiosyncratic systems that only have to be eventually relearned in music notation. The only concession is that the first 5 pages show a quarter note for the lower figure in the time signature. The authors introduce bow strokes on p. 6 with open-string passages, easy music notation for students to track in the initial stage. The pacing works well,keeping students' interest with bowing and note reading in those crucial earlyweeks and months. Rhythm, too, is introduced early on, with crisp variants presented both in notation and appealing words. "Tom took a turkey toe" is a hit with kids, and "Yum, yum, peanut butter" can easily become "Yuck, yuck, peanut butter" to keep things alive. The rhythms are reinforced with writing exercises, clapping, and repetition in new guises. This lively material and pacing works beautifully in studio teaching as well. Intonation, hand positioning, and shifting quickly get helped along (p. 10) through the early use of harmonics and octaves, letting students match pitches with open strings. What really caught my eye was the very natural introduction of F-natural already on p. 13. The authors timed this to benefit not only assure flexibility among violinists and violists but also the cellists, who get an earlier use of the second finger. It has long bothered me that the extensive-up to a year-s-drilling in the D major pattern (G and A Major on the neighboring strings) of other method books locks our students' musculature (and musical thinking) into only one arrangement of whole and half steps. It thus creates an unnecessary problem that can plague young players for years afterward. Frost and Fischbach develop the beginners' finger strength with subtle exercises couched in some fun titles (e.g., pp. 18 and 19). Bow divisions, double stops (through tuning patterns and more), and a simple martele and spiccato ("French Fried Spiccato") are also introduced in Book 1. A long-awaited feature is that double bass students can start in either low or middle position. In a great innovation, ~os published a separate book for each, so "you pays your money and takes your choice." The two bass approaches are coordinated beautifully with the upper strings. An excellent collection of photographs shows both sides of the various bass controversies: sitting or standing position, French or German bow holds, low and middle positions. The only obvious weakness in the first few pages is that the left-hand position shows the four fingers close together. If you're an upper-string specialist facing a class of bassists, the way that new notes are introduced here is sure to givemore confidence to your teaching. Care of the instrument and its terminology lead off on p. 2. All the technical and musical concepts that are introduced are repeated and built upon in subsequent lessons,whether theory, rhythm, halfand whole-step patterns, or shifting. A mix of folk songs and fiddle tunes, familiar classicalmelodies, original compositions, duets, and rounds are included. This


Hypothesis / aims of study Recent clinical evidence has shown that Australian women have a 19% lifetime risk of requiring surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (1). Following surgery, patients are often advised to restrict their activity based on the assumption that increases in intra-abdominal pressure will adversely affect the tissue healing process. However, little empirical evidence is available to assist clinicians make decisions about the type and period of physical restrictions that should be followed. As a result there is substantial variability in post-operative and convalescent recommendations, with little knowledge on the necessity and validity of such information. Previous studies which have used pressure devices to infer increases in intra-abdominal pressure during movement use either intra-vaginal or rectal catheters. However limitations have been identified in the shape and type of pressure transducer used, and that many suffer from displacement during activity (2). Moreover, all but one of these devices required a catheter connection to a machine in order to record pressure variation. Thus the aim of this study was to design and produce a reliable, novel intra-vaginal pressure device with wireless communication that would minimally distort the surrounding tissue that was in contact the pressure transducer. It had to be easy to use and remain in situ during activity


Asymmetric tilt-angle-implanted LDD-WNrGaAs MESFET's with an optimized transconductance performance are discussed. A tilt-angle implantation is used to reduce the parasitic source resistance below the gate sidewall without in- creasing short- and narrow-channel effects. This finally leads to a transconductance increase of nearly 25% of submicrometer FET's while the gate source capacitance increase is almost neg- ligible. The influence of the implantation angle on the threshold voltage, transconductance, and Schottky-barrier characteris- tics are reported. The novel asymmetric tilt-angle-implanted LDD structure is highly suitable for LSI fabrication since the increase of fabrication complexity is insignificant.


In computational science and engineering, model reduction methods construct low-cost surrogates of large-scale simulations by learning from data. We tackle the underlying learning task with novel sparse-grid-based techniques. Therefore, we introduce the first sparse grid clustering method, and an Offline/Online strategy to solve classification problems up to 300 times faster than before. Our methods are demonstrated on thermal conduction, car crash, and chemical reaction simulations.


The catalytic activity of disordered binary alloy metal surfaces is investigated for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by generating free energy diagrams and performing calculations on d- band centers of alloys. The disorder was simulated using virtual crystal approximation; then, based on periodic, self-consistent density functional theory (DFT) methods, we calculated adsorption energies of reaction intermediates. Alternative pathway for ORR mechanism, involving proton/electron transfer to adsorbed oxygen and hydroxyl, is considered. The methodology was applied to (111) surface of Pd x Cu 1-x disordered binary alloys, with different values of x concentration. This study found that at the ORR equilibrium potential of 1.23 V, the reactivity of all surfaces is shown to be limited by the rate of OH removal from the surface. Among the surfaces studied, the surface of Pd 0.80 Cu 0.20 shows the highest reactivity and is more active than other non-Pt alloys. These results are in excellent agreement with earlier experimental and theoretical work.


ISP network performance evaluation is very important to the improvement of application performance, the optimum competition of ISP network and the operation and management of Internet. ISP network consists of one or several autonomous systems (AS), so AS is chosen as a basic unit of performance evaluation. The performance measurement architecture of AS was put forward, and performance matrix model of AS was constructed. A method of AS performance evaluation was put forward based on AS performance matrix model. The evaluation method adopted weighted average of path performance between border routers as comprehensive performance metric of AS. Simulation results indicate that the method can evaluate AS performance effectively.


This paper offers a clinician's perspective on the complex and controversial issues related to "patients' rights." It is suggested that such "rights" interpreted and applied literally may contravene the basic right of the individual to receive needed treatment. Related issues are discussed, and a mechanism for exploring resolutions to the conflict between psychiatry and the law is suggested.


Abstract The active involvement of secondary school students with high-incidence disabilities (HI) in instructional accommodations is essential to both enacting the accommodations and to the accommodations effectiveness. Very little is known about students with HI's knowledge about instructional accommodations, experiences with them, or opinions on effective practices. A focus group study was conducted with 10 high school students with HI. A content analysis (Fraenkel & Wallen, 2009) revealed they are unaware of how their accommodations are identified, and that they typically are not directly taught to use them. The students explained how accommodations are usually provided in the classroom, including the ways they signal need, and offered their suggestions for more effective practices, which included responding to fairness and potential embarrassment. Their comments also revealed their beliefs and practices for self-advocating for accommodations.


Because the atomic force microscope (AFM) allows molecular resolution imaging of hydrated specimens, it provides a unique window to the microscopic biological world. A high signal‐to‐noise ratio in AFM images sets them apart from the images obtained from other techniques: One does not need extensive image analyses often required by other techniques to obtain high‐resolution information. AFM can provide molecular details on crystalline as well as amorphous materials. However, it is often limited in providing identity of the imaged structures, especially in a complex system such as a cellular membrane. AFM's application for biological imaging will rely on an unambiguous identification of imaged structures. For mixed macromolecules, it may be essential to make critical comparisons of the same structural features imaged with AFM and other techniques such as light fluorescence and confocal microscopies, electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction, and biochemical, immunologic, and pharmacologic techniques and electrophysiologic recordings. Significantly, the simple design of AFM allows it to be integrated with other techniques for simultaneous multimodal imaging. Recent combined multimodal imaging include light fluorescence, confocal, and near‐field optical imaging as well as electrophysiologic recordings. Preliminary studies from such multimodal imaging include 1) an independent identification of macromolecules in a complex specimen using appropriately labeled markers such as fluorescent‐dye labeled antibodies or dark‐field microscopy; 2) imaging real‐time reorganization of surface features using laser confocal and AFM; 3) a direct correlation of structural features and ion transfer via pores in a membrane; and 4) macromolecular complexes such as receptor‐ligand and antigen‐antibody. These features of a multimodal imaging system will provide new and significant avenues for a direct real‐time structure‐function correlation studies of biological macromolecules. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 8, 293–300, 1997


This editorial refers to 'Intense metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): effects on morbidity and mortality'† by K. Malmberg et al. , on page 650

Patients with diabetes mellitus have a 1.5–2 times higher risk of death after myocardial infarction than do non-diabetic patients. In diabetic myocardium, the consumption of fatty acid as metabolic fuel is thought to be increased, whereas glycolysis is impaired both in ischaemic and non-ischaemic areas. As the consumption of fatty acids instead of glucose requires more oxygen, such a shift may be deleterious particularly when oxygen supply is limited. More than four decades ago, the concept of infusing glucose together with insulin and potassium (GIK) to protect the ischaemic myocardium was introduced.1 Early clinical studies on the effect of such a 'metabolic cocktail' yielded promising results suggesting that GIK might be a way to reduce morbidity and early mortality in patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). As the possible mechanism behind a cardioprotective effect of GIK, Opie2 proposed the promotion of glycolysis in cardiomyocytes and the diversion of fatty acids to adipocytes thereby reducing oxygen consumption in the heart. With the advent of aggressive and acute revascularization strategies (thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty), the potential of metabolic supportive therapy with GIK was not further pursued.

In 1995, the Diabetes and Insulin-Glucose infusion in AMI (DIGAMI) study was the first to randomize diabetic patients with an AMI to either 'intensive insulin therapy' or standard treatment.3 Intensive insulin therapy comprised intravenous infusion of GIK as soon as possible after the AMI and continued for 48 h. Thereafter, patients in the intensive insulin therapy group were submitted to a 'stricter' blood glucose control regimen with subcutaneous insulin continued for ∼3 months after discharge. …

*Corresponding author. Tel: +32 16 34 4021; fax: +32 16 34 4015. E-mail address : greta.vandenberghe{at}uz.kuleuven.ac.be


The research in this dissertation has focused upon image segmentation and its related areas, using the techniques of partial differential equations, variational methods, mathematical morphological methods and probabilistic methods. An integrated segmentation method using both curve evolution and anisotropic diffusion is presented that utilizes both gradient and region information in images. A bottom-up image segmentation method is proposed to minimize the Mumford-Shah functional. Preferential image segmentation methods are presented that are based on the tree of shapes in mathematical morphologies and the Kullback-Leibler distance in information theory. A thorough evaluation of the morphological preferential image segmentation method is provided, and a web interface is described. A probabilistic model is presented that is based on particle filters for image segmentation. These methods may be incorporated as components of an integrated image processed system. The system utilizes Internet Protocol (IP) cameras for data acquisition. It utilizes image databases to provide prior information and store image processing results. Image preprocessing, image segmentation and object recognition are integrated in one stage in the system, using various methods developed in several areas. Interactions between data acquisition, integrated image processing and image databases are handled smoothly. A framework of the integrated system is implemented using Perl, C++, MySQL and CGI. The integrated system works for various applications such as video tracking, medical image processing and facial image processing. Experimental results on this applications are provided in the dissertation. Efficient computations such as multi-scale computing and parallel computing using graphic processors are also presented.


The purpose of this work is to determine the impact of thermal aging on
the dielectric and physicochemical properties of the oil/paper mixed
insulation. We performed a comparative analysis of dielectric paper dipped in
two cooling fluids: palm kernel oil methyl ester (MEPKO) and mineral oil (MO).
Two types of dielectric paper were used: Thermally Upgraded Kraft paper (TUK)
and Nomex-910 paper (NP-910). An accelerated aging test was realized at 110°C
during a total of 96 hours. Samples of oil and paper were collected after 0,
48, 72 and 96 hours for analyses purposes. The analyses performed included the
measurement of the Breakdown voltage (BDV) of the dielectric papers, the Total
Acid Number (TAN) and the Decay Dissolved Products (DDP) of the liquid
dielectrics. The BDV of NP-910 is greater than the BDV of TUK. Concerning the
type of oil, the BDV of dielectric papers impregnated with MEPKO is greater
than the BDV of similar papers impregnated with MO, indicating a better
preservation of paper when dipped in methyl esters. The analyses of TAN and DDP
revealed that Nomex-910 improves the oxidation stability of MO, but reduces the
oxidation stability of MEPKO. These results prove that methyl esters can be
used as a substitute to replace mineral oils in power transformers.
Furthermore, they show that NP can be used mainly in areas of transformer where
solid insulation is subjected to high thermal and electrical stress, and TUK
other places where solid insulation is required. Such combination could assure
money savings and a better preservation of the oil viscosity.


This economic report records the economic activities of Azerbaijan for the year 2013. Economic growth picked up in the first half of 2013 on the back of higher public investment and moderation in the decline in oil production. The continued decline in oil production, even though at a slower pace than in 2012, lowered the fiscal and current account surplus. Fiscal performance was however better than what was budgeted due to higher oil prices and pick-up in growth. A fall in oil exports lowered the current account surplus and net capital outflows from Azerbaijan continued for the sixth year in a row. Diversification remains high on the policy agenda but the country has a long way to go. Limited progress has been made on most of the components of human capital and institutions, and a lot more needs to be done. In the absence of alternate sources of growth, the hydrocarbon sector will continue to determine the economic performance of Azerbaijan over the medium-term. The decline in oil production is expected to be partially offset by an increase in natural gas production. With a fall in oil related fiscal revenues, public expenditures are expected to be scaled back thereby reducing non-oil growth. Hence, economic expansion is estimated at 4.5 percent per year over the medium-term.


We present work intended to help in the systematization of the manufacturing of piezoelectric transducers for NDT air coupling. Only the piezoelectric and passive materials, together with the construction techniques, are studied. A high driving signal method has been used to select the piezoelectric materials. Flat and spherically-shaped transducers from 500 kHz up to 2.5 MHz made of piezoceramics and 1-3 piezocomposites have been manufactured and tested. Highly porous materials have been used to match the transducers and the scanned structures.


SOME TYPE OF CHRONIC IMPAIRMENT affects 10 million children in the United States, according to the Select Panel for the Promotion of Child Health (1). Although it is difficult to find sound data on the numbers of children with chronically disabling or life-threatening disorders, estimates run as high as 3 million. In a Rand Corporation report, it is estimated that 2,883,000 children have sensory disorders (hearing, vision, and speech), 1,676,000 have other crippling conditions, and 50,000 are multiply handicapped. Also, 2 to 3 million children in the United States suffer from mental retardation (1). Some of the major handicapping conditions affecting children today are fibrocystic disease, congenital heart disease, phenylketonuria, hemophilia, cerebral palsy, sensory disorders, congenital anomalies (cleft palate, meningomyelocele), and mental retardation (2).


Objective To evaluate the significance of serum bilirubins in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS).Methods The concentrations of total, direct, conjugated, unconjugated and delta bilirubin were measured by EKTACHE 750XRC analyzer.Results The concentrations of total, direct conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin increased significantly since febile phase,and oliguria phase was the highest among all phases. Delta bilirubin in serum increased slightly in febile phase, significantly in oliguria phase,and the highest phase was polyuria phase.Only the level of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin returned to normal in convalescent phase. Conclusion The results indicated that dynamic measurement of direct,conjugated,unconjugated and delta bilirubin might be valuable in patients with HFRS.


This paper presents the programmable logic controller (PLC) networking development for communication with the mobile phone. The proposed technique is suitable for remote sensing control systems, which can display the operation status and monitoring fault diagnosis of a system. The system operation is based on the use of personal computer (PC) to logically analyze data from PLC, and existing internet protocol for sending information messages to mobile phones.


Introduction of Special Issue on Immigrant and Refugee Mental Health and Guest Editors Jacquelyn Flaskerud, PhD, RN, FAAN, and Janna Lesser, PhD, RN Sandra P. Thomas & Issues in Mental Health Nursing To cite this article: Sandra P. Thomas & Issues in Mental Health Nursing (2017) Introduction of Special Issue on Immigrant and Refugee Mental Health and Guest Editors Jacquelyn Flaskerud, PhD, RN, FAAN, and Janna Lesser, PhD, RN, Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 38:4, 289-289, DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2017.1299532 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2017.1299532


In many large systems several agents with nonidentical information on the system structures, states, parameters, and so on, are involved in controlling the systems. Three areas of investigation implied by this novel pattern of information exchange among control agents are pointed out and some relevant references to economic literature are given.


![Figure][1]

Gwl (red) localizes to the nuclei (blue) of early Drosophila embryos during interphase (left) but exits during prophase (right) while the nuclear envelope (white) is still intact.

Wang et al. reveal how a mitotic kinase moves in and out of the nucleus to promote cell cycle


Peer Review: 19-05-2014 A 13 Year old girl with history of pain in the left hip, stiffness, walking difficulty for one month. There was no history of trauma, fever and weight loss. Physical examination revealed left side antalgic gait and pelvic obliquity. There was restriction of abduction, flexion and external rotation on the affected side. Laboratory investigations for C reactive protein, Rheumatoid factor and serum complement were normal. The complete blood profile was normal. Conventional Radiography of the left hip showed decrease in the joint space, decrease femoral head height, sclerosis and irregularities in articular margins. Her pelvis was tilted towards femoral side, femoral head was small and flattened with irregular margins. The young girl was treated initially with bed rest, traction, physiotherapy treatment including positioning, passive mobilization exercise, active range of motion exercise, static quadriceps contraction and Gait retraining. This case of idiopathic chondrolysis of hip is a rare clinical entity.


In many clustering applications, the user has some vague notion of the number and membership of the desired clusters. However, it is difficult for the user to provide such knowledge explicitly in the clustering process. We propose a solution to circumvent this difficulty by introducing a feedback mechanism. The notion of Bayesian inference for relevance feedback in content-based image retrieval is modified for data clustering. Given the number of clusters, the proposed algorithm seeks information about the target partition by asking the user a sequence of queries about whether a pair of objects should be put in the same cluster or not. Information-theoretic criteria is adopted to select the queries to be presented to the user. The assumption made here is that cluster labels are "smooth", i.e., similar objects should share the same cluster labels. We show that it is possible to obtain reasonable partitions based on the user feedback alone, without the need of specifying a clustering objective function


ABSTRACT Quantity and quality of readily degradable carbon influences the composting process especially for compost mixture high in lignocellulotic material. Effects of carbon source on stability and maturity of compost from in-vessel systems are poorly understood. Research was conducted to investigate the effects of carbon composition of feedstock on the evolution of stability indices and reliability of maturity tests for accelerated vessel composting systems. Rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, and coffee hulls were composted in a modified rotary in-vessel composter amended with either cattle or sheep manure. Distinct evolution patterns were observed across carbon sources for temperature, with the sugarcane compost never attaining thermophilic temperatures. Time to peak temperature and return to ambient were significantly different between the rice and coffee compost. Comparatively, organic matter degradation followed a similar pattern for all carbon sources, although rice straw showed the faster degradative rate and coffee hulls the greatest overall loss. Both pH and electrical conductivity were inappropriate stability indices across carbon sources, while the NH4+/NO3− ratio was lower than the threshold from week 1. The Solvita® maturity test was the best suited quality indicator and was related to compost respiration. The rice compost at week 12 was the only mature compost with an index value of 7. However, the coffee compost was in the curing stage with a value of 6. In vitro phytotoxicity assays on hot pepper contrasted the Sovita® interpretation for rice compost, which showed the lowest germination index. All compost had a stimulatory effect on cucumber seeds. In vivo seeding assays corroborated in vitro results with rice compost showing the greatest negative effect, augmented at 100% compost inclusion. Carbon source significantly influenced compost stability and maturity indices, which suggests that greater attention should be directed to quality indices in relation to feedstock composition.


This paper investigates the relationship between corporate governance quality and the cost of equity capital, intended as the discount rate the market applies to a firm's expected future cash flows to evaluate the current share price. Using data from the Italian listed corporations in 2018, this paper combines several attributes like board independence, board size, the existence of the internal audit, and CEO duality incorporated in a corporate governance quality index. Our results do not provide evidence of a statistically significant relationship between the corporate governance score and the firm's equity capital cost. A possible explanation is that in recent years a greater homogeneity, and a generalized increase in corporate governance quality standards, has been observed in the Italian framework with worse companies that closed the gap with those with higher performances. Hence, lower variability in the corporate governance index results in a not significant effect of a composite index on reducing the cost of equity capital.


This work examines the development of a particular nationalist ideology from the late 1920s through Peron's ascent to power, an ideology that has had an important influence on Argentinian politics ever since. Although the first attempt to implement it politically was made in 1930, with Uriburu's abortive military coup, the ideology only achieved consummation with the successful revolution of 1943, which ushered in Peronism. The following analysis concentrates on the Argentinian intellectual rebellion against the West's liberal democratic models of national modernization. This intellectual


Abstract : In this dissertation, we consider the problem of estimating functions of parameters found in reliability and queueing models. The problem is to allocate a fixed sampling budget among the populations with the goal of minimizing the mean squared error (MSF) of the estimator. We consider the reliability model with three components such that the probability the system works is f(u1,u2,u3) = u1(u2+u3), and the mean waiting time of the M/G/I queue. For each of these models, we consider a set of sample sizes referred to as a first-allocation procedure which minimizes the first-order approximation to the MSE. Since the first-order allocation procedure depends on the unknown parameters in the model, we propose a two-stage procedure in which we first use a fraction of the sampling budget to estimate the unknown parameters and then allocate the remaining budget based on the initial sample. We show that the difference between the MSE for the two-stage procedure and the minimum MSE obtained using the optimal set of sample sizes from the first-allocation procedure goes to zero as the budget goes to infinity. Simulations are used to demonstrate the asymptotic optimality results for the two stage procedures. The empirical studies show that the two stage estimation procedures work well for reasonable sample sizes.


This experimental investigation concerns the commutation of magnetically blown switching arcs up to 1 kA from a contact to an are runner, i.e., across an obstacle formed by a step downwards or by a gap in one of two parallel copper electrodes. The commutation delay of the arc was measured with the aid of an optoelectronical light detector. To obtain also detailed information about the arc commutation mechanism, both an optoelectronical analog arc motion indicator and a streak camera were used. The arc commutation delay depends mainly on the magnetic induction of the blast field, the geometry of the electrode step, and the site where the commutation takes place. The arc commutation behavior across gaps corresponds to that across steps. For both steps and gaps a polarity effect of the commutation mechanism was observed. In most cases an obstacle on the anode causes a shorter commutation delay than one on the cathode. The cathode spot always moves continuously downwards along the vertical front surface of a step or a gap, while the anode spot is able to jump across any obstacle without climbing downwards along its vertical face. All results can be qualitatively derived from an intuitive arc model which might be used to explain unexpected test results and to improve contact arrangements. Finally practical conclusions are drawn.


Combing the MMOCAA "(The modified method of characteristics with adjusted advection, Jim Douglas. Jr., Numer. Math. (1999), Vol. 83: 353-369)" difference method with ENO, the ENO-MMOCAA difference method is proposed for covection-diffusion equation in the paper. The new method is free from oscillation near the steep front, with which the problem is solved by the MMOCAA difference method based on high-order Lagrange interplation. The error estimates of the scheme and numerical example are given.


The level of support for high level programming languages (HLPLs), despite the claim of support by some of the newly introduced microprocessors, is inadequate despite the falling (rising) cost of hardware (software). Computer systems that are to be used to run programs written exclusively in HLPLs have a need for a multiprocessor/multiarchitecture microprocessor design (M3D); the personal/desk-top computers are prime examples. The HLPLs that will be used in programming these systems will be grouped according to their structures. Each group of languages will require their own instruction set; the hardware and software needs will determine the type of architecture configuration, i.e. aspects such as: register-to-register, memory-to-memory, stack, or a combination of these. The overall system should be divided up into functional units, e.g. ALU, compiler/translator, etc. Each functional or subfunctional unit will be implemented in software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of these with implementation decision based on the speed criticality, cost, technology, and the need to modify the unit. This approach will lead to a cop-down-design, and will also reduce the semantic gap, software and system cost, and down-time.


SISSELA BOK, a moral philosopher at Harvard, has written a probing and provocative study of the morality of lying. It is a learned and literate treatment of the problem, and it addresses, if implicitly, most of the substantive issues of ethics. The book is worth pondering. An appendix of nine excerpts about lying (from Augustine to G. J. Warnock) enhances its educational value. Lying functions for Bok much like Yoknapatawpha County does for Faulkner. It is a vantage from which to view the world. By the time the book is finished, much of contemporary life has passed in review. Bok thinks lying is an abuse too easily sanctioned. Her fear is that this deceit spreads like a disease and threatens to infect the foundations of society. It is not possible to reproduce here the amplitude or nuance of her discussion. This review analyzes the framework which supports her perspective, parts of which she elaborates at greater length than others. The components of her structure include situational analysis, a form of moral reasoning, a major loyalty, and a view of agency. Following my analysis, I offer some reflections. Bok's situational analysis includes a definition of lying and a typology of lies. Her definition (chap. 1) avoids ploys which beg the issue (e.g., "thieves are not owed the truth"). A lie is "an intentionally deceptive message in the form of a statement" (p. 15). Since lies are statements, lying is only a species of the genus deception. Perceptual aberrations like mirages, for example, are not her concern. Since lies are intentionally deceptive messages, verbal or written, she focuses on the moral arena of truthfulness, not the epistemological domain of Truth. Radical skeptics who doubt the reliability of all knowledge have no basis to be concerned about lies. Less radical skeptics who insist that "the whole truth" can never be conveyed miss the point that truthfulness is keyed to the intention to mislead (p ... 8). Radical enthusiasts, on the other hand, are tempted to lie for the sake of a higher truth (the Inquisition). Thus, Bok's definition focuses on lying in a way which a larger concern for deception can overlook or a preoccupation with epistemology can undercut. Like her definition, her typology (chaps. 8-15) is in the service of a repeated theme: The ambiguity of moral existence cannot be eliminated but is reduced if we think clearly enough to narrow its boundaries. Her classifications call to attention the


Ethnomedicines have gained new dimensions in the present days through phytochemical researches in India and abroad, as information on medicinal plants and folk drugs recorded during field-work is now being subjected to investigations in the search for new biodynamic compounds of therapeutic value. Based on this rationale, an ethnobotanical survey of Khordha Forest Division of Khordha district in Odisha was undertaken in September 2012 to October, 2012 and first-hand information on folk medicinal uses of plants for treatment of various disease and conditions was recorded. Khordha district lies between 84 55 and 86 50 East longitude and 19 40 and 2025 North latitude. It is bounded by Cuttack district in north, Nayagarh district in west, Puri district in the east and Ganjam district in the south. Khordha district has a geographical area of 2813 sq. kms. The hilly systems of the district are located in Khordha sub-division. Khordha district is situated in the southwest of the state. Also it touches the Chilika Lake in ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 1 (2014) pp. 274-280 http://www.ijcmas.com


This index covers volumes 23 to 38 inclusive. It is arranged by the author/title, title/author, and the keyword. The numbers 8 : 4 : 24-27 : 1973 represent the volume, issue, page and date respectively. The author index gives the names of all the authors. In other words where there is more than one author for any article, cross reference entries have been made under the name(s) of coauthors also. The title and the keyword index if used together would facilitate a good subject search.


Native birds are more tolerant to adverse climatic conditions than the improved/cross-breeds of chicken. The present study was conducted to record the physiological responses such as respiration rate and body temperatures in Aseel and Kadaknath birds up to 6 weeks of age under standard managemental conditions during hot-humid and winter season. The dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature was recorded daily and temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated. The THI ranged from 73.33±1.61 to 85.70±0.33. Above 80 THI was observed during hot-humid season. The season, sex and breed interaction had highly significant (P<0.01) effect on body temperature (core and surface) and respiratory rate for all age groups. Season effect (P<0.05) was highly significant on studied parameters. It may be concluded that enhanced THI caused the elevation in surface and core body temperature along with increased respiration rate during hot-humid season, thereby indicating stressful conditions in native birds.


The level of participation and degree of excellence attained within a given sport is dependent, at least in part, on how that sport is organized. Sport has traditionally been organized in an ad hoc way, relying on volunteers who were committed to the particular sport. It is now clear that to encourage higher levels of participation and international excellence, new ideas about organizing need to be diffused to those involved in the management of sport. The literature from the business environment demonstrates that the process of innovation requires, first, that new ideas be diffused to organizations and, second, that these ideas then be translated via a process of organizational change within the adopting organization so that their usage is appropriate. This literature demonstrates that these processes of diffusion and appropriation are problematic and heavily dependent on the contextual features of the adopting organization. This paper presents a framework for understanding these diffusion and appropriat...


Future climate warming may increase water temperature, stratification, and the occurrence of cyanobacteria blooms in drinking water reservoirs. Herein, past relationships between air temperature, water temperature, thermal stratification, and cyanobacteria prevalence are quantified in six Connecticut, U.S.A., reservoirs. Lake‐specific empirical models were developed and used to project historical (1971–2000) and future (mid‐century, 2041–2070) water temperature and thermal stratification in the study lakes. Projections are driven with downscaled air temperature projections from three general circulation models (i.e., HadGEM2‐CC365, CCSM4, and GFDL‐ESM 2M) under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. Results suggest that reservoirs in Connecticut are warming relatively quickly over time and that surface, average, and bottom water temperatures may continue to increase by 0.44°C, 0.30°C, and 0.16°C per decade, respectively. Future projections of thermal stratification indicate that significant increases may occur in July–September and that stratification is likely to begin 2–4 weeks earlier and last 2–4 weeks longer by mid‐century. High‐risk cyanobacteria blooms, defined as those exceeding 70,000 cells ml−1, historically occurred in three of the study reservoirs and are correlated with the occurrence of high surface water temperatures, cool bottom water temperatures, and high total Relative Thermal Resistance to Mixing (RTRM). Days per year with extreme high water temperatures and total RTRM are projected to increase significantly in the future. This shift may favor increased dominance of certain cyanobacteria species that tend to grow best in these extreme conditions, especially in reservoirs where cyanobacteria blooms are already a concern.


As the biggest developing country,how to grasp the development opportunity and exert the late-starting advantage so as to promote the automobile industry′s self-innovation capability and international competitiveness,has already become the most important task required by the current economic development.Considering the present situation of automobile industry development in many provinces in China,the paper sets up an evaluation indicator system for the automobile industry self-innovation capability,by which these provinces are classified into three types based on cluster analysis.


Use of nanostructures for monitoring or regulating the membrane potential in a cell are disclosed. Nanoparticles having a coating of phospholipid, as compared with the nanoparticles having other coatings do not promote localization or attraction to the membrane, was found to exhibit excellent response.


This essay departs from the assumption that a science develops according to a paradigm, in other words, that it develops within a general framework accepted by the scientific community. Therefore, we examine the possibility that, in today's society, the values of social and political actions that are recognized in the declarations of international organizations and national associations, in the theorists' writings of the informative documentary area, and in teaching materials contained in curricula, are values that also form the library paradigm. Based on this assumption, we analyze both, contemporary society as an information society, and the political and social values that appear in documents of different institutions, and in studies of the library sphere. The conclusion is that such values, rather than belonging to the library paradigm, derive from the ontological structure of the human being.


An image sensor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to prevent propagation of a crack by an embossing pattern in a bottom part of a passivation film. A first region and a second region are formed on a substrate(110). A plurality of photoelectric conversion devices is formed inside the first region. A first insulation film structure(140) is formed on the first region, and includes a first multilayer wiring. A second insulation film structure(150) is formed on the second region, and includes a second multilayer wiring. A plurality of lenses(180) is formed on the first insulation film structure, and corresponds to a plurality of photoelectric conversion devices. At least one embossing pattern is formed on the second insulation film structure. A passivation film(190) is formed on the first insulation film structure and the second insulation film structure in which a plurality of lenses and the embossing pattern are formed.


To maximize graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect while minimizing transplant-related morbidity and mortality (TRM), we designed a study of allogeneic CD34+ selected PBSC transplantation followed by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). PBSC CD34+ selection was performed with the CliniMACS device. Between June 2004 and July 2005, fifteen consecutive patients (5 females and 10 males) aged between 1–16 years (median 5 years) diagnosed of AML (6) and ALL (9) were conditioned with fludarabine 30 mg/m2/day x 5 days and melphalan 140 mg/m2/day x 1 day. Status at transplantation was 1st CR 10, 2nd CR 4 and 3th CR 1. GvHD prophylaxis consisted of CsA + short Mtx in 13 cases and CsA in 2. Patients were grafted with a median number of 6.9 x 106/Kg CD34+ cells (range: 1.5–30.9 x 106/Kg) and 15.6 x 103 CD3+ cells (range: 2–59.2 x 103/Kg). All patients engrafted. Median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 12 days (range: 9–15 days) and 13 days (range: 9–42 days), respectively. DLI of 0.5 x 105/Kg CD3+ cells were scheduled on day +15, +30 and +60. A total of 40 DLI were performed. One patient had acute GvHD grade I after the 2nd DLI that resolved with topical steroid treatment and another one developed graft hypoplasia after first DLI resolved after G-CSF treatment. One patient died of a sepsis on day +15 (TRM 6% ± 5%). Two patients relapsed, one with an isolated CNS relapse (6 months postransplant) and the other with a medullar relapse (3 months). With a median follow-up of 6 months (range: 3–13 months) the disease free survival was 75% ± 13% and overall survival 87% ± 8%. The preliminary results of our transplantation strategy are encouraging. A large prospective study is needed to substantiate these results.


Efficient general secure multiparty computation (MPC) protocols were previously proposed, and the combination with the efficient auction circuits achieves the efficient sealed-bid auctions with the full privacy and correctness. However, the combination requires that each bidder submits ciphertexts of bits representing his bid, and their zero-knowledge proofs. This cost amounts to about 80.multi-exponentiations in usual case that the bid size is 20 bits (i.e. about 1,000,000 bid prices). This paper proposes sealed-bid auction protocols based on the efficient MPC protocols, where a bidder can submit only a single ciphertext. The bidder's cost is a few multi-exponentiations, and thus the proposed protocols are suitable for mobile bidders. A novel technique for the realization is a bit-slicing conversion by multiple servers, where a single ciphertext for a bid is securely converted into ciphertexts of bits representing the bid.


The principles of good corporate government are important to be implemented in BUMN. But, factually it has a law problem. However, the principles of good corporate government which has law problem is imply to BUMN corporate differently. keyword : good corporate governance


Sir, In a recent paper, Müller and Reisz proposed how fossil calibrations should be selected for application in molecular clock studies. The topic is of interest to those, like ourselves, whoare activelyengaged in reconstructing the tree of life using molecules. Nonetheless, we believe that these authors have erred both in their proposal of fossil calibration constraints and in their characterization of debates in the field. Their paper is an extension of one such debate that took place in another journal, where we responded to some of their initial criticisms of our work. Here, we respond to their additional criticisms and to their proposal for constraining fossil calibrations. First, Müller and Reisz defined two opposing camps in this field: researchers favoring multiple fossil dates versus those ''preferring to use only a single fossil date.'' They placed themselves and others, including Conroy and van Tuinen in the former and only Hedges and Kumar in the latter. But this distinction is false and unfortunate. Of course, one should use as many reliable calibrations as are available. At the same time, there is nothing inherently wrong with using a single calibration point when no other robust calibrations are available or useable due to a lack of DNA sequence data. Like others, we have used both single and multiple calibrations and we stated previously: ''we never advocated the use of only a single calibration point.'' In fact, our comment here is authored by members of the two purported camps defined by Müller and Reisz to further demonstrate that their claim is erroneous. Müller andReisz have also argued that the split of birds andmammals, which we used in several studies, is a poor calibration point. This is not because they disagree with the date used—their own estimate of 313 Million years ago (Ma) as the minimum time is virtually identical to the date used by us (310 Ma)—but because they believe that the maximum constraint on that date is difficult to assess and could be tens of millions of years older. But Müller and Reisz also fail to point out that we were even more conservative in our proposal of that calibration point when we stated that the transition from fishes to tetrapods at 360–370 Ma provided a maximum constraint. When we pointed this out previously in our response to Reisz and Müller, they responded, surprisingly, by criticizing the general notion of ''transitions'' in the fossil record, a term and concept well-established in paleontology. Also, they claimed that we were making non-scientific inferences (e.g. literally, fossils on lineages) despite our citation of scientific literature showing otherwise. Müller and Reisz propose that molecular evolutionists should abandon the bird–mammal calibration and instead use four other calibrations: lungfish–tetrapod (408–419 Ma), bird–lizard (252–257 Ma), bird–crocodilian (251–243 Ma), and alligator–caiman (71–66 Ma). This proposal is unusual in two regards: (1) the time ranges are extraordinarily narrow for inferring evolutionary events in the fossil record, and (2) molecular evolutionists have for years been using a great diversity (hundreds) of fossil calibration points from the tree of life, depending on needs of each study, and were never wedded (exclusively) to a single point, such as the bird– mammal split. While their minimum calibration times are essentially identical (within 3%) to those already proposed by others, it is their maximum times that we address here. We contend that the maximum calibration points of Müller andReisz are the result of flawedmethodsandshould not be used. As we elaborated elsewhere, minimum times can be determined by a single fossil, with a high probability of being correct, whereas maximum times are much more difficult to establish and will always be associated with a probability— potentially high—of being incorrect. Our proposal of using evolutionary transitions is one example of how a maximum calibration constraint can be established, but that requires a large number of fossils in a phylogenetic and morphological sequence, something not demonstrated by Müller and Reisz. The flaw in Müller and Reisz's proposal is their assumption that the oldest fossil of the most closely related group provides a maximum estimate of the splitting event. In reality, it is only a minimum for its own lineage and the true maximum—and splitting event—could be much older. Their corollary that a maximum time is also supported by the absence of fossils from older sedimentary strata is likewise untenable because discovery of fossils from unexpected places and times is a major activity of paleontologists. Therefore, anyone using the maximum calibration times proposed by Müller and Reisz, in a molecular clock study, will likely be underestimating times of divergence of their study organisms. Finally, the plea by Müller and Reisz for ''closer interactions'' between paleontologists and molecular biologists, while commendable, implies two things in the context of their critiques: (1) that molecular evolutionists have not interacted with paleontologists, and (2) that all paleontologists are in agreement with Müller and Reisz. On the contrary, molecular evolutionists often coauthor articles with paleontologists and participate in symposia and volumes together. Furthermore, it is divisive to construct a non-existing debate and ascribe it to the lack of cross-over between fields. We believe a better approach is to focus objectively on the arguments made by original authors and present all of the evidence clearly.


In the beginning of the 1990's ratite breeding for meat production was introduced in many European countries, including Sweden. The knowledge of ostrich farming and diseases of ratites is increasing internationally but is still often limited among veterinarians.

This report consists of a literature study and a summary of pathology findings from ratites submitted for necropsy to the National Veterinary Institute (SVA) in Uppsala, during 1995 to 2001. The purpose is to give a general introduction to ostrich and ratite breeding and to give an overview of the most common diseases.

The necropsy data from 1995 to 2001, indicate that many of the diseases are management related rather than caused by infectious agents. Due to cold climate ostrich breeders in Sweden need to supply well designed buildings and good care of the animal. This leads to higher costs compared to many other ostrich farming countries. However, the significance of the climate in relation to health and mortality is hard to estimate. Comparisons between necropsy findings from different ostrich farming countries, show that the results are very similar regardless of climate. To draw any further conclusions about the impact of cold climate more research is needed.


Adolescent eating disorders are increasingly prevalent in the United States. Six percent of all teenagers suffer from eating disorders, which are correlated with a myriad of economic, psychological, as well as healthcare ramifications. Literature reveals there is a lack of screening recommendations, as well as a lack of a single, comprehensive tool that identifies distorted patterns and behaviors of eating for advanced practice nurses within the primary care setting. Therefore, this quality improvement project implemented routine screening using the SCOFF questionnaire to evaluate for the presence of altered eating habits in adolescents seeking care in a school-based health center that had insufficient screening practices. Early detection is essential to prevent complications and improve overall healthcare, particularly in those lacking access to primary care services. Using Leavell and Clark's mode of prevention as the theoretical framework, this project occurred in three phases. First, an educational meeting with all key stakeholders was conducted during phase one. In phase two, all assenting adolescents seen at the school-based health center during a twelve-week period were screened. Any students who screened positive were referred for additional resources. Data analysis using descriptive statistics occurred in phase three, where data demonstrated that the prevalence of altered eating patterns suggestive of an eating disorder, among underserved adolescents, is significantly higher than the postulated national average. While difficult to know if this data is reproducible, data highlights the ability of the SCOFF questionnaire to detect concerning patterns of eating. Given that, advanced practice nurses in the primary care setting can rely on a single, brief screening tool to evaluate for the presence of concerning dietary habits in adolescents.


In this paper we prove several results on the geometry of surfaces immersed in R3 with small or bounded L2 norm of |A|. For instance, we prove that if the L2 norm of |A| and the Lp norm of H, p > 2, are sufficiently small, then such a surface is graphical away from its boundary. We also prove that given an embedded disk with bounded L2 norm of |A|, not necessarily small, then such a disk is graphical away from its boundary, provided that the Lp norm of H is sufficiently small, p > 2. These results are related to previous work of Schoen-Simon [12] and Colding-Minicozzi [4].


Electron spin resonance results at 77°K are presented for a series of manganese(III) dithiocarbamates diluted in the cobalt(III) analogs using both single crystal and powder techniques. The observed spectra are shown to arise only from the addition of manganic dithiocarbamates to the cobalt salt. No fine or hyperfine structure was observed and the paramagnetic species seems unlikely to be due simply to a d4 Mn3+ ion.


''forces'' between a cause (e.g., income distribution) and outcome (e.g., development). In a particular instantiation of a causal relation (say income distribution and development in South Korea between 1953 and 1979), income distribution is either a causal factor that leads to development or it is not. However, every case is defined with respect to abstract categories such as income distribution and development, which inevitably refer to an implicit universe of cases. Accordingly, the binary contrast that Beach and Pedersen establish between their version of ontological determinism and ontological probabilism is likely to be contested. One can argue that a probabilistic view of the world is entirely consistent with a deterministic understanding of particular events and outcomes, simply because all probabilism suggests is that there is variation in the chain of actions, events, and structural properties linking a cause with outcomes in a universe of cases. Causal Case Study Methods builds on the idea that the mechanisms linking a cause and outcome can be specified without reference to the variation in those mechanisms observed in the actual world. Paradoxically, that is possible only with a viewpoint akin to Hempel's (1966) covering laws. In addressing these issues, the authors would have benefited from Salmon's arguments on how causal explanation of a particular outcome is twotiered; how it inevitably embodies both constitutive and etiological arguments; thus, how causal explanation of a particular outcome involves mechanisms that combine general regularities about human behavior and the temporal ordering of particular conditions (1984: 22, 240, 261–273). However, the difficult issues that Causal Case Study Methods raises and the positions the authors take are not a hindrance to benefiting from this ambitious book. To the contrary, the book is thought-provoking precisely because Beach and Pedersen meticulously carry their philosophical arguments to their logical conclusions.


Many industries rely on the availability of clean water for its processes, and perhaps none more so than the semiconductor industry which requires ultra-pure water for the production of the critical components that reside in our everyday electronic devices. In 2009, Siemen Water Technologies (now Evoqua) won the Best Poster Award for their study which compared UV treatment along with various oxidation methods for the selective removal of organic compounds for high purity and water reclamation applications. Their research eventually led to the development and commercialisation of the Vanox AOP system, now used in the most demanding applications in the production of ultra-pure water, and removal of persistent contaminants in water and used water.


The institutional change of Hospital accreditation in China was analyzed by the theory of New Institutional Eco-nomics and then the policy suggestions were proposed: we must innovate on the institutional of hospital accreditation,develop the accreditation mode according to the international experiences,and import the survey tool of Tracer Methodology.


Opportunity theories of crime suggest that crime is highly specific and concentrated in time and space. Using these theories as a framework, this paper seeks to examine the transitory nature of crime. This hypothesis was tested using data from a coastal city in California to examine the relationship between surf conditions (measured at five daily time points) and number of crime incidents (n = 16,075). Crime totals were aggregated at the street segment level (n = 4551) for each day in 2011. These data were modeled using a series of panel negative binomial models, clustered by census block group. The findings suggest that surf conditions had an effect on the likelihood of crime incidents, but these effects were time specific. Favorable surf conditions were associated with increases in crime only between 2:30 pm and 5:29 pm. Additionally, locations closer to surf spots were associated with more crime, relative to locations farther away. Closer examination of micro-geographies aids in understanding how systematic shifts in routine activities affect the frequency and location of crime, and allows crime prevention to be more specialized and efficient. Adding to the extant understanding of hot times and opportunity structures will enable more effective allocation of resources and predictive policing efforts.


Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for manufacturing an implant having a screw thread on an inner peripheral surface or an outer peripheral surface thereof by die-casting or pressing an amorphous alloy. The apparatus for manufacturing an implant using an amorphous alloy includes: a heating unit for heating a pre-form formed of an amorphous alloy into a semi-solid state; a forming unit for forming a screw thread in the heated pre-form by using a pressing mold; and a cooling unit for cooling the pre-form having the screw thread.


New Zealand state pensioner housing needs to be upgraded if it is to continue to meet the requirements of a population with a greater life expectancy in an era when fossil fuels are depleting. Napier City Council commissioned a study to review the sustainability of these house types in the long-term. The study covered the areas of energy, accessibility and maintenance in their existing housing stock and focussed on the provision of affordable warmth, future fuels, accessibility both within the home and to the wider community, and also a maintenance regime so that the properties remain robust into the next century.

The City Council has over 300 pensioner homes in nine villages spread across the city. Most were designed and built between the late1950s and the 1980s. The original quality of construction was reasonably high and the houses have been well maintained. But they were built for a time when fuel was cheaper and expectations of comfort were more modest than today. Accessibility demands have also increased with the life expectancy of the population and desire for independence.

The study involved:
• Thermal modelling to analyse cost effective improvements to the insulation of the houses.
• Selection of appropriate heating systems for economical and low carbon solutions to both space and water heating
• Methods of transport to give access to the wider community and the introduction of renewable energy systems
• Remodelling the properties for accessibility

The study also advised on a planned maintenance system to ensure the buildings remain robust and a cost analysis of all recommendations. These latter aspects are not reported on in detail in this paper.


Results: Results will include description of the components of illness representation used in this sample, a description of the level of health-related quality of life experienced in this sample, quantification of the association between the components of illness representation and health-related quality of life, the description of the level of catastrophizing coping style used in this sample, and examination of the potential mediating role of catastrophizing on the relationship between the components of illness representation and health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Understanding cognitive aspects of IBS is important for developing new knowledge and strategies for improving patient outcomes. The goal of this study is to establish a basis for developing interventions targeting catastrophizing coping style and in turn improve daily lives of individuals affected by IBS.


A TFT substrate (10) and a display device (90). The TFT substrate (10) comprises scanning lines (11), data lines (12) and common electrodes (13) covering the scanning lines (11) and the data lines (12), wherein the data lines (12) and the scanning lines (11) are arranged in a crossed manner, and areas defined by the intersections form a plurality of pixel units (14); and the common electrodes (13) comprise a plurality of common electrode units (131) and a plurality of bridge connection parts (132) overlapping the scanning lines (11) and the data lines (12), wherein the common electrode units (131) are arranged corresponding to the pixel units (14), and each bridge connection part (132) is at least connected to two adjacent common electrode units (131) so as to implement electric connection among all the common electrode units (131). By means of the above-mentioned mode, an RC constant and power consumption can be reduced, such that product quality is improved.


Three new, simple and cost effective UV-spectrophotometric methods were developed in 0.1 N Sodium hydroxide for the estimation of Entecavir in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The ionization of the Entecavir in alkaline solution generates an additional n (non-bonded) electron that interact with the purine ring ð electrons to produce a bathochromic shift from 253.6 nm to 267 nm. So the drug was estimated at 267 nm (Method A), 227 nm in first order derivative spectroscopy (Method B) and scanned at 262.0-272.0 nm in Area Under Curve method (Method C). Linearity range was found to be 2-18 ig/ml (Correlation coefficient R 2 = 0.9997 in method A, R 2 = 0.9999 in both method B and method C) in all the three methods. The molar absorptivity was found to be 1.54X10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 in method A, 3.02X10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 in method B and 1.94X10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 in in method C. These methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the estimation of Entecavir in pharmaceutical formulation (tablets). The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible (% relative standard deviation <1%), while being simple, cheap and less time consuming and can be suitably applied for the estimation of Entecavir in tablet dosage forms.


This study aimed to examine whether different agricultural work patterns may cause MSDs in different body areas and assess their severity. In previous studies, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have been recognized as an occupational disease in agricultural workers. However, not all MSDs resulting from agriculture occur in the same body areas or have similar severity. This study conducted a questionnaire survey to inquire about the body areas and severity of MSDs among fruit farmers. A total of 212 valid answers were collected. Subsequently, their main harvesting postures were classified into three groups to examine the differences in MSD occurrence and severity among those groups. The results indicate that the harvesting posture did result in different severities of MSDs in certain body areas. Raising hands above the shoulders caused significantly higher MSD severity in the neck, shoulder, upper back, and elbows despite the same standing posture. Additionally, those who squatted, bent, or kneeled had a significantly higher severity of MSDs in the shoulders compared to those who stood but did not raise their hands above their shoulders. This study confirmed that the different harvesting heights of fruits can affect farmers' posture, leading to differences in the body areas affected by, and severity of, MSDs.


Thanks to technological breakthroughs in the past few decades, mankind is now able to see images of worlds without (distant planets, galaxies, and the surface terrain of the Earth) and worlds within (human organs, geological imaging, and atomic and molecular structures at the nanoscale level). See Figure 1. As the state-of-the-art imaging technologies became more and more advanced, yielding scientific data at unprecedented detail and volume, the need to process and interpret all the data has made image processing and computer vision also increasingly important. Sources of data that have to be routinely dealt with today include video transmission, wireless communication, automatic fingerprint processing, massive databanks, non-weary and accurate automatic airport screening (e.g., the USA Federal government's experiment of retina-image based automatic screening at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport), robust night vision for civilian rescue workers or battlefield soldiers, and vision repair for patients with vision defects. Input from mathematicians has had a fundamental impact on many scientific disciplines. When accurate, robust, stable, and efficient tools were required in more traditional areas of science and technology, mathematics often played a role in helping to supply them. No doubt the same will be true in the case of imaging and vision sciences.


Solutions of different chemical compositions will precipitate gypsum crystals with different morphology. The dependence of gypsum morphology on the chemical composition can therefore be a tool for interpreting the paleo-chemistry and environments of solutions from which gypsum in the geological record precipitated. In addition, the morphology of the gypsum that will precipitate in the Dead Sea once the Red Sea-Dead Sea conduit is built will determine if the crystals will remain in suspension in the surface brine, thereby leading to "whitening" of the lake. Despite its importance, little is known about the impact of the different parameters on the morphology of gypsum precipitated from natural brines. In the present study we conducted single point batch experiments with mixtures of Dead Sea - Red Sea brines and utilized image processing techniques to study the morphology of the gypsum that precipitated from different solution compositions at different degrees of oversaturation. The results from the first data set towards the understanding of what controls the morphology of gypsum while providing a preliminary tool for the forecast of the future of the Dead Sea are presented here. under responsibility of the organizing committee of WRI-15.


The effect of particle content, size, and the fraction ratio of the double LiZn/MnZn ferrite filler in hybrid LiZn/MnZn/PVC composites on the frequency dispersion of complex permeability has been studied in the 1 MHz–3 GHz frequency range. The obtained relaxation type of permeability dispersion is due to the domain wall resonance, the natural ferromagnetic resonance, and the relaxation of magnetization rotation. The permeability and resonance/relaxation frequency of composites seem to be strongly affected by the change of particle content and fraction ratio of the double ferrite filler rather than by particle size.


The homogeneous Bianchi and Kantowski-Sachs metrics of relativistic cosmology are investigated through their correspondence with recent geometrical results of Thurston. These allow a partial classification of the topologies for closed, locally homogeneous spaces according to Thurston's eight geometric types. Besides, we learn which of the Bianchi-Kantowski-Sachs metrics can be imposed on closed spatial sections of cosmological models. This is seen as progress toward implementation of a postulate of the closure of space for both classical and quantum gravity.


Background As a side effect of interscalene brachial plexus block (ISBPB), stellate ganglion block (SGB) causes reductions in pupil size (Horner's syndrome) and cardiac sympathetic nervous activity (CSNA). Reduced CSNA is associated with hemodynamic instability when patients are seated. Therefore, instantaneous measurements of CSNA are important in seated patients presenting with Horner's syndrome. However, there are no effective tools to measure real-time CSNA intraoperatively. To evaluate the usefulness of pupillometry in measuring CSNA, we investigated the relationship between pupil size and CSNA. Methods Forty-two patients undergoing right arthroscopic shoulder surgery under ISBPB were analyzed. Pupil diameters were measured at 30 Hz for 2 s using a portable pupillometer. Bilateral pupil diameters and CSNA (natural-log-transformed low-frequency power [0.04–0.15 Hz] of heart rate variability [lnLF]) were measured before ISBPB (pre-ISBPB) and 15 min after transition to the sitting position following ISBPB (post-sitting). Changes in the pupil diameter ([right pupil diameter for post-sitting – left pupil diameter for post-sitting] – [right pupil diameter for pre-ISBPB – left pupil diameter for pre-ISBPB]) and CSNA (lnLF for post-sitting – lnLF for pre-ISBPB) were calculated. Results Forty-one patients (97.6%) developed Horner's syndrome. Right pupil diameter and lnLF significantly decreased upon transition to sitting after ISBPB. In the linear regression model (R2 = 0.242, P = 0.001), a one-unit decrease (1 mm) in the extent of changes in the pupil diameter reduced the extent of changes in lnLF by 0.659 ln(ms2/Hz) (95% CI [0.090, 1.228]). Conclusions Pupillometry is a useful tool to measure changes in CSNA after the transition to sitting following ISBPB.


fected with erysipelas, and to employ such means as experience had shown to be most likely to prevent the occurrence of the disease. During the last three years, he has had only 32 cases of erysipelas among his mle patients, and ix among the females. Speaking next of purulent infection, M1. Gosselin said that, since January 1862, he had adopted the ] following measures: to renew the water used in dressing as much as possible; to place the patients in his largest ward, no case of erysipelas being allowcl to remain there; and, whenevcr it appeared necessary, to leae to the patient the decision of the time of the olpration, so as to accustom his mind to the idca. In operating, and in dressing thlc wound, he has endeavoured to relieve the patients from pain as much as possible. He places utller the part a large piece of gxmmcd taffetas. lHe does not attempt to force together the edges of the wound; and lie covers it with simple watcr-dressing-warm or cold, according to th se.ason. He allows food, wine, and opiates to his paticnts, following their t.aste as nearly as l)ossille. Amono1g 48 anmputations or limbs, ie has h-d 19 deaths, of which io have been due to purulent infection. lIc has had also 9 caseof purulent infection among patients who had not undergone operation.-M. VERNEuII. read a paper, in which he insisted onl the influence exerted on the result of operations by masked diathesesnot as yet revealed by any symptoms, but liable to maniifest themselves at any time; by those diatheses which are the probable causc of a, certain number of morbid foci coexisting in at patient; and by those diatheses which impress their mark evidently on the system, and are mnanirested in various ways. He stated it to be his intention to endeavour to prove that gencral conditions of the system, old or recent, hereditary or acquired, determine the prognosis of operation.s, and constitute perhaps the richest source of indications and contraindications.-Mr. LAJIAT, cliscoursing on the same subject, appeared to attach less importance than M. Verneuil to constitutional diatheses. lie directed attention to the wound, to the operative procedure, to the mode of dressing, etc. Hc re rds the blood and fluid effutsed aftcr olperation as foreign bodies, which may become a. source of danger through undergoing deconiposition in contact wsith air. He provides for their removal by placing the part in the best position for their escape; a counter-opening, being made, if necessary. MI. Labat disapproves of water as an apl)Plication to open wounds. Alcohol, he says, may be of much service by preventing changes in organic mattcrs.-M1. MAZZONI of Rome insisted on the necessity of isolating surgical patients from those suffering from fever, consumption, etc. He stated that erysipelas, phlebitis, and purulent and putrid infection, were very rare in the Italian hospitals. InI the Roman States, the most frequcnt complication of operations -as pernicious intermittent fever, requiring the immediate administration of largec doses of quinine. In the lying-in hospitals of Italy, l)tterpcral fever, li said, was unknown; and Dr. Palasciano of Naples had lately pointed out that, durng thirty years, epidemic puerperal fever wa:s comple ly absent from the Maternity of that city, -although this is witliin thegreat Hospital for Incurables, which contains more than 1,200 beds, 'nd the hyenic management of which is veiy imperfect. M. exI-i explaned this immunity by the fact that patients suffering from discascs which may taint the hospital atmosplhere-such as typhus, small-pox, tubercle, etc-are rigorously excluded from surgical and lying-in wardsl. -M. MARJOLIN addressed the Congress on hospital hy1-icne. HIe claimed for hospitals, both new and old, those sanitary conditions which are necessary for the cure of patients; and called on the Congress to aid in carrying into effect just and scientific principles.-Mr. Dx. MT:RIC spoke in praise of the hygienic conditions of English hocpitals, and of the minute care bestowed on patients who have been operated on.Further remarks on hospital hygiene were made by M. BOILE of CastelSarrazin, M. JEANN.EL of Bordeaux, M. GOSSELIN, M. VERNEUIL, antl M. BOURGADE.


in 1873, a short notice appeared in the Revalsche Zeitung (no. 256, 02.11.1873), in which the Provincial museum, currently the estonian History museum, introduced the new museum exhibits that had arrived in its collection. Among other new objects in the collection of antiquities was a collection of finds, which were supposedly excavated from the central course of the Pechora river, and had been brought to estonia by Paul von Krusenstern, gifted to Karl ernst von Baer and thereafter donated to the Provincial museum. the collection (Am 196) includes iron and lithic points as well as human and animal-shaped plaquettes. this collection, which is rare and foreign for estonia, has received little attention, and during the past 150 years, only a few objects have been mentioned within the framework of some broader analyses.1 However, the collection as a whole has never been introduced. By 1873 Paul von Krusenstern had visited the Pechora river several times. A thorough descriptive book on the first expedition was pub-


Parallel to the construction of gauge invariant spin and orbital angular momentum for QED in paper (I) of this series, we present here an analogous but non-trivial solution for QCD. Explicitly gauge invariant spin and orbital angular momentum operators of quarks and gluons are obtained. This was previously thought to be an impossible task, and opens a more promising avenue towards the understanding of the nucleon spin structure.


This paper presents a novel pulse-width-modulation (PWM) strategy for two-level three-phase voltage source inverters to reduce both of the switching losses and the root-mean-square (RMS) value of DC-link capacitor current in all operating conditions. This objective is achieved by the zero-sequence signal injection method of optimal discontinuous PWM strategy having the minimum switching losses regardless of the power factor (PF) and the proper use of multi-carrier signals. It can be implemented easily with the generalized scalar approach. Also, the selection processes of zero-sequence signal and carrier signals are carried out by using the information of instantaneous phase currents, so the PF calculation is unnecessary. The performance of proposed PWM strategy is theoretically analyzed. Furthermore, simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of proposed PWM strategy.


Single particle imaging (SPI) at X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) is a technique to determine the 3D structure of nanoscale objects like biomolecules from a large number of diffraction patterns of copies of these objects in random orientations. Millions of low signal-to-noise diffraction patterns with unknown orientation are collected during an X-ray SPI experiment. The patterns are then analyzed and merged using a reconstruction algorithm to retrieve the full 3D-structure of particle. The resolution of reconstruction is limited by background noise, signal-to-noise ratio in diffraction patterns and total amount of data collected. We recently introduced a reference-enhanced holographic single particle imaging methodology [Optica 7,593-601(2020)] to collect high enough signal-to-noise and background tolerant patterns and a reconstruction algorithm to recover missing parameters beyond orientation and then directly retrieve the full Fourier model of the sample of interest. Here we describe a phase retrieval algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation using pattern search dubbed as MaxLP, with better scalability for fine sampling of latent parameters and much better performance in the low signal limit. Furthermore, we show that structural variations within the target particle are averaged in real space, significantly improving robustness to conformational heterogeneity in comparison to conventional SPI. With these computational improvements, we believe reference-enhanced SPI is capable of reaching sub-nm resolution biomolecule imaging.


In this paper, we develop a framework for an autoencoder based transmission strategy for achieving distributed interference alignment and optimal power allocation in a multiuser interference channel. The users in the interference channel have access to the local channel state information only. We compare the explicit schemes, such as MaxSINR [1], against the autoencoder schemes. We find that the MaxSINR schemes outperform the autoencoder networks which are either jointly or distributively trained from scratch. However, we find that the autoencoders which are pretrained with the beamforming vectors and the power allocation obtained from the explicit schemes outperform the explicit schemes when the interference gets stronger. The explicit schemes perform well as they are effective in choosing the set of users which are to be suppressed. The pretrained autoencoders benefit from this initialization, and also from the fact that end to end training can improve their performance even further. We showcase our performance comparison results for 5 user interference channels with different levels of interference.


This article elaborated the new merged university library in the literature resources integration and reorganization,etc will face the new problems.The paper has analyzed problems faced,while on resources integration problems of integrating ideas and puts forward some countermeasures.This paper discusses library document resources integration and reorganization in need to pay attention to some aspects of the problem.


The Wasserstein distances are a family of $L^p$ distances, with $1 \leq p \leq \infty$, for persistence diagrams. We define Wasserstein distances for persistence modules, the algebraic counterpart to persistence diagrams, and prove the following isometry theorem. The $p$-Wasserstein distance of a persistence module and its persistence diagram agree. Since our algebraic Wasserstein distances do not require computing a persistence diagram, they apply to persistence modules that are not interval decomposable and also to generalized persistence modules, such as multi-parameter persistence modules. We also prove structure theorems for maps from an interval module and maps to an interval module and show that for monomorphisms and epimorphisms of persistence modules there is an induced algebraic matching.


Background Previous studies have shown that the incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is rising in the UK and USA. Death registrations and primary care data were used to determine the current trends in IPF incidence in the UK. Because routine clinical data sets were used, the term IPF clinical syndrome (IPF-CS) is used to describe individuals in this study. Methods Ageand stratum-specific death registration rates between 1968 and 2008 were calculated and these were applied to the 2008 population to generate annual standardised expected number of deaths. Annual mortality rate ratios were calculated using Poisson regression. Computerised primary care records were used to determine incidence rates of IPF-CS between 2000 and 2008 stratified by age, sex and geographical region, and survival rates between calendar periods were compared. Results Annual death certificate recording of IPF-CS rose sixfold across the study period from 0.92 per 100 000 in the 1968e1972 calendar periods to 5.10 per 100 000 in the 2006e2008 calendar period, and were higher in men and the older age groups. The incidence of IPF-CS in primary care increased by 35% from 2000 to 2008, with an overall incidence rate of 7.44 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 7.12 to 7.77). Incidence was higher in men, the older population and in Northwest England. Conclusions The incidence of IPF-CS in primary care and registered deaths from this cause in the UK continues to rise in the 21st century. The current findings suggest that there are >5000 new cases diagnosed each year in the UK. INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Previous studies have reported that the mortality and incidence of IPF in the UK is on the rise. Current estimates of the incidence of IPF in the UK and the USA are 4.6 per 100 000 person-years and 6.8 per 100 000 person-years, respectively, suggesting that the disease is more common than originally thought. 4 In contrast to cancer diagnoses, there is no mandatory registration of IPF diagnoses in the UK or elsewhere in the world. This issue is further compounded by the fact that the boundary between the disease entities within pulmonary fibrosis is not always clear clinically, making diagnoses challenging and raising speculation of whether they are temporal manifestations of the same condition. For this reason, epidemiological studies of population trends for IPF need to make the best use of routinely available clinical data sets to undertake research, to give pragmatic, real-world estimates of disease incidence, guide health service planning and provide insights into aetiology. For the purpose of this epidemiological study we have chosen to use the term IPF clinical syndrome (IPF-CS) to describe the individuals included in our study. The aims of the study are to estimate mortality and incidence rates of IPF-CS stratified by age, sex and geographical region in the UK and investigate if prognosis had improved over time. METHODS In this study, we used two different data sets to investigate whether the incidence of pulmonary fibrosis in the 21st century is still increasing in the UK. The first is routine death certificate data, and the second, a computerised longitudinal general practice database. Although the validity of pulmonary fibrosis diagnoses has previously been proven in both these data sets, 7 8 it is likely that they will encompass a spectrum of individuals with fibrotic lung disease of unknown origin, and may also contain individuals with fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) as well as IPF. The diagnostic classifications used in both data sets do not include these subclassifications and it is possible that these diseases have been labelled as IPF. Data collection The first data set was routine mortality data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), derived from registered death certificates and coded for the underlying cause of death. This data set is available on CD-ROM and can be obtained electronically from the website of the ONS, and covers deaths that occurred in England and Wales from 1900 onwards. Our second data set was extracted from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) which is a computerised longitudinal primary care database recorded by UK general practitioners (GPs) as part of routine clinical care. Information is recorded from face to face consultations and following communication from secondary hospital referrals. THIN has been regularly used for the estimation of incidence and mortality from chronic diseases. Death registration analysis Annual numbers of deaths for IPF-CS were obtained for the years 1968e2008 stratified by age and sex. Over this period of time, three different ICD (International Classification of Diseases) codes were used to code death from IPF-CS. From 1965 to < Additional appendices are published online only. To view these files please visit the journal online at (http://thorax. bmj.com). Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK Correspondence to Dr Vidya Navaratnam, Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK; vidya.navaratnam@ nottingham.ac.uk Received 29 July 2010 Accepted 16 December 2010 Published Online First 27 April 2011 462 Thorax 2011;66:462e467. doi:10.1136/thx.2010.148031 Interstitial lung disease on F ebuary 5, 2021 by gest. P rocted by coright. httphorax.bm jcom / T hrax: frst pulished as 10.1136.2010.148031 on 27 A ril 211. D ow nladed fom 1978, ICD-8 code 517 (other chronic interstitial pneumonia), from 1979 to 1999, ICD-9 codes 516.3 (idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis) and 515 (postinflammatory fibrosis), and from 2000 onwards, ICD-10 code J84.1 (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). We used the total population from England and Wales for each year for the years 1968e2008 as our denominators. For these analyses, the data on registered deaths and the general population were grouped into 5 year age bands over the age of 55 years and calendar periods were grouped into w5 year periods, but without combining years with different ICD codes. We calculated ageand sex stratum-specific mortality rates for each year and then applied these rates to the 2008 population to generate annual standardised mortality numbers. We also performed a subanalysis of the two different ICD-9 codes for IPF-CS (ICD-9 code 516.3 and ICD-9 code 515), where we calculated ageand sex-specific mortality rates for the years 1979e2000. Poisson regression modelling was used to estimate annual mortality rate ratios with adjustment for sex and age. A multiplicative interaction term was used to test for interactions between annual trends in mortality rate ratios of IPF-CS and age or sex. Incidence analysis The version of THIN used in this study includes all information available up to July 2009 from 446 general practices. The Read codes H563.00 (idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis), H563.11 (HammaneRich syndrome), H563.12 (cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis), H563100 (diffuse pulmonary fibrosis), H563z00 (idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis NOS) were used to identify individuals with a new diagnosis of IPF-CS made after 1 January 2000. The mid-year populations for each year were used as our denominators. People were included in the cohort if they had at least one recorded IPF-CS diagnosis, their first diagnosis was recorded at least 12 months after their start date and they were aged at least 40 years when they received the first diagnosis. This definition was used to capture incident cases of IPF-CS and the age cut-off was used to improve diagnostic specificity. We excluded individuals with a co-existing diagnosis of connective tissue disease (see online appendix 1). We also excluded those with a co-existing diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis, sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis and asbestosis (see online appendix 2), because it is not clear in this subset which diagnosis was correct, and this approach provided a more conservative estimate of disease incidence. We calculated crude annual incidence rates, stratified by sex and age in 5 year age bands over the age of 55 years. Poisson regression modelling was applied to estimate annual incidence rate ratios, controlling for age, sex and health authority. Multiplicative interaction terms were again used to test for effect modification by age and sex. Due to the smaller size in this data set, we recoded the age groups into individuals under the age of 70 years and those aged $70 years when testing for interactions. For our survival analysis, individuals with IPF-CS were assigned a start date that was defined as the date of diagnosis and a stop date that was defined as the earliest of either the last THIN data collection or the date of death. In order to determine if mortality was changing over time, we calculated the median survival for this cohort overall and survival stratified by 2 year calendar periods using KaplaneMeir methods. Cox regression was used to compare mortality rates between the different age groups, sex and calendar periods. Multiplicative interaction terms were applied to test for interactions between mortality rates in the different calendar periods and age or sex. Stata version 11 was used for all statistical analyses and likelihood ratio tests for all the hypothesis tests. RESULTS Death certificate registration analysis: ONS data There were 56 675 deaths attributed to IPF-CS in England and Wales from 1968 to 2008. The number of recorded deaths increased from 479 (659 deaths after standardisation to the 2008 population) in 1968 to 3019 in 2008 (see figure 1). The overall mortality rate standardised to the 2008


Life originated in anoxia, but paradoxically many organisms came to depend upon oxygen for survival, independently evolving diverse respiratory systems for expel CO2 and acquiring oxygen to and from the environment, respectively. Thereby, Oxygen, a vital gas, and a lethal toxin, represents a trade-off with which all organisms have had a conflicted relationship. The study of oxygen movements in the tissues of the human body has been a matter of great interest ever since centuries. In the beginning of the past century, Dr. Christian Bohr and August Krogh's work on respiratory physiology and capillary modelling using mathematical models to calculate molecular transport in microcirculation, trying to determine the negative impact of lack of oxygen transport to tissues. Supposedly, computer simulation allowed investigation of the dynamic and non-linear characteristics of the systems. But the results have been and are contradictory. In Germany, Dietrich Werner Lubbers (1917-2005) obtained several patents related to designs for the study of gases in tissues. The aim of Dietrich Lübbers' research was to understand the entire pathway and regulation of oxygen transport from the blood into the mitochondria. Assessment of pO2 histograms on most organs, revealed a remarkable similarity under physiological conditions: a Gaussian distribution always with less than 5% of values less than 5mmHg. Other studies detected changes in the concentrations of oxy- ([HbO2]) deoxy- ([HHb]) and total haemoglobin ([HbT]=[HbO2]þ [HHb]) measured using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) [1]. It has been shown that diabetic rats have markedly decreased oxygen availability in the kidney, supposedly resulting from increased oxygen consumption [2]


More than 80 percent of Americans would like to see funding for biking and walking paths increase, according to a recent Princeton Survey.


We have performed an inclusive spectroscopy of 122 Sn(d , 3 He) reaction near the pion emission threshold at an incident energy of Td = 250 MeV/nucleon. The first experiment aims as devloping the high precision spectroscopy of pionic atoms at the RI beam factory (RIBF) of RIKEN, which leads to a new project, pionic Atom Factory project (piAF) to measure pionic atoms for a wide range of elements. We report the analysis status of the pilot experiment.


In modern business world, very often two companies collaborate with each other for their mutual benefit in such a way that, the one starts a transaction and processes a part of it, then the other processes the remainder. Similarly, in cloud computing, as a means to avoid leakage of secret information, a company may use two independent cloud management domains to store separate partitions of its database. For many users in such application environment, it would be beneficial and important to discover the relations between frequent patterns mined at respective site, and share the frequent pattern relation identifiers. The frequent pattern relation mining should be conducted without disclosing any other private data to each other site. This paper identifies a new data mining problem called pattern relation mining, introduces a new computing model called IF-THEN computing to capture the problem, and proposes a privacy-preserving pattern relation mining algorithm called CPRM. Extensive experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of CPRM.


This study aims to examine the effect of ROA, CAR, BOPO, FDR, and inflation on problem financing. The data used are monthly data from 2015 to 2020 in August and Islamic Commercial Bank data obtained from the OJK. Data analysis was performed using the eviews 10 program. The results showed that ROA, CAR, FDR, BOPO, and inflation together had an influence on NPF and were able to explain the dependent variable by 87.68% and the remaining 12.32% was explained by other variables that influence NPF. ROA and FDR have no effect on NPF with a probability value higher than 0.05, while the independent variable that has a positive effect on NPF is BOPO, while the CAR and inflation variables have a negative effect on NPF with a probability value below 0.05