Deadbeat Model Predictive Torque Control is one of the significant control methods of induction motors that in order to remove the modulator in this method, the voltage based cost function is used to opt the closest voltage vector to the reference voltage vector. By combining this control method and using virtual voltage vectors, an effective and efficient method is created. However, with the increasing in the number of voltage vectors (real or virtual), the computation burden and complexity will be increased. Therefore, in this paper, a procedure to select the best triangular section that involves of the reference voltage vector and also reducing the number of candidate voltage vectors for placing in the voltage based cost function is presented. This procedure is based on simultaneous attention to the amplitude and angle of the reference voltage vector. The validity of the proposed methods (using virtual voltage vectors and selecting triangular section) is verified by the SIMULINK/MATLAB.


I use state unemployment rates during a person's teenage years to estimate the returns to schooling. A higher unemployment rate reduces the opportunity costs of attending school. Using the same 1980 Census data set that Angrist and Krueger (1991) use, I also estimate returns to schooling with a modified version of their quarter-of-birth instrument. The estimates from the two-stage least squares (2SLS) model using the unemployment rate and the model using the quarter-of-birth instruments are almost identical. In addition, these 2SLS estimates are larger than the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates, supporting this counterintuitive, yet prevalent, result in the literature.


Two television debates between candidates for the Polish presidency, Aleksander Kwasniewski and Lech Wa4psa were held in the week preceding the second round of elec-tions in 1995. At the beginning of both debates, the moderator explained the rules-agreed to by the two candidates-strictlyapportioning communicative rights. The candidates were not to address each other or refer to each other's statements, restricting their utterances to answering questions posed by the moderator and journalists. In both debates, however, the candidates either addressed the other candidate directly to ask a question or challenge a point, or they directly responded to the opponent's statement, even though the response was irrelevant to the question they had been asked. These actions were usually accompanied by mitigatingdevices. An analysis of these devices is presented and explanation offered as to why in some cases none were used. The devices are discussed as instances of the pretence of cooperation.


Understanding Giddens' (1984) structuration approach clarifies the complex nature of the interaction between organisations and the policies that guide them. Central to this paper is a consideration of organisational integration and the extent to which this is achieved, as directed within policy bounds. The example of the Australian Regular Army and the Army Reserve demonstrates a failure to integrate under policy direction. In this case study it becomes clear that external events, not policy, lead to organisation change. Content and frequency distribution analyses are used to examine the data supporting this contention.


The deviation of main steam parameter will change the turbine expansion line,which has a great in- fluence on heat economy of unit.The two calculation methods,such as simplified variable condition method and thermodynamics method,are introduced chiefly in the paper,and used to analyze energy-loss of main steam parameter for condensing steam turbine.As compared with characteristic curve and characteristic test, the two methods discussed in the paper are proved to be feasible in application.Moreover,the calculation method of the simplified variable condition shall be used to correct the turbine characteristic curve.


Prematurity is associated with features of metabolic syndrome in young adulthood. We investigated the body composition and blood pressure of children born preterm.


In machine-type communication (MTC), random access has been employed for a number of devices and sensors to access uplink channels using a pool of preambles. To support different priorities due to various quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, random access can be generalized with multiple pools, which may result in low spectral efficiency. In this paper, for high spectral efficiency, random access with layered preambles (RALP) is proposed to support devices with two different priorities based on the notion of power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). In RALP, two groups of devices, namely type-1 and type-2 devices, are supported with different priorities, where type-1 devices have higher priority than type-2 devices. Closed-form expressions are derived for the detection performance of preambles transmitted by type-1 devices, which can be used for a certain performance guarantee of type-1 devices of high priority. Low-complexity preamble detection methods are also discussed.


Background : The pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia as a primary cause of mortality among pregnant women remains unclear. It was suggested that angiogenic factors such as Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (SFLT-1) play an important role in the causal mechanism of pre-eclampsia/ eclampsia. This study aimed to compare the SFLT-1 level in pre-eclampsia/ eclampsia in pregnant women with that in normotensive pregnant women. Subjects and Method : This was an analytic observational conducted at three hospitals: Haji Adam Malik, Pirngadi, and Sundari Hospitals, Medan, Indonesia, from September to December 2014. A total sample of 60 pregnant women of the third trimester, including those with severe preeclampsia/ eclampsia and normotensive women, was selected for this study. The level of serum SFLT-1 was measured by ELISA method. The difference in mean of serum SFLT-1 levels between the two groups was tested by Mann-Whitney. Results : The mean of serum SFLT-1 level in women with preeclampsia was higher (mean=1692.69pg/ ml; SD=540.64) than that in normotensive women (mean=1348.52pg/ ml; SD=649.83). This difference was statistically significant (p=0.040). Conclusion : Level of serum SFLT-1 in women with severe pre-eclampsia/ eclampsia is significantly higher than that of normotensive women.


When cues in the environment are associated with self (e.g., one's own name, face, or coffee cup), these items trigger processing biases such as increased attentional focus, perceptual prioritization and memorial support. This paper reviews the existing literature on self-processing biases before introducing a series of studies that provide new insight into the influence of the self on cognition. In particular, the studies examine affective and memorial biases for self-relevant stimuli, and their flexible application in response to different task demands. We conclude that self-processing biases function to ensure that self-relevant information is attended to and preferentially processed because this is a perpetual goal of the self-system. However, contrary task-demands or priming can have an attenuating effect on their influence, speaking to the complexity and dynamism of the self-processing system in cognition.


In the time of information,the college and university media have become an indispensable part of the daily life of the college and university students,playing an ever-increasing role in publicity and education.The college and university media should be organically combined with the political and moral education so as to help bring into full play their educational function and publicity effects.


In the paper, grey relational analysis method is used to evaluate the quality of engineering equipment. A grey quality evaluation model based on grey system theory is built and applied to evaluate the quality of one certain type of military hydraulic excavators. The result shows that the method is accurate and practical, and the model can also be applied to other multi-purpose evaluation.


Abstract : The report discusses some additional applications of K-line spectra to the LASA short-period noise analysis. Two summer noise samples were processed to complement the work performed previously on eight winter noise samples. In addition, an experiment was conducted to determine if significantly better results could be obtained using 21 min of noise instead of 7 min to estimate the statistics. The principal conclusions are: summer noise appears to be quite similar to winter noise at LASA; except at the microseismic peak, any processing results (gains) very probably can be extrapolated across seasons; and using the long noise sample did not give more interpretable wavenumber spectra.


The paper analyses the designof the economic zone in the north of theRiver, Huizhou, Guangdong Province. Itexplores a continuous urban space inspecial city areas and creates a cityspace which respects its historic cultureand represents the spirit of the time, andalso features on waterfront.[


After fifteen years in the British Army, William Ewbank began to teach, first in England and since 1964 at Taylor University, Upland, Indiana. There he is responsible for the elementary teacher preparation in mathematics content and methods. The mathematics-laboratory approach is used both in the university mathematics laboratory and in a regular weekly program with grades K-7 of the local public schools.


We consider both finite-horizon and infinite-horizon versions of a dynamic game with $N$ selfish players who observe their types privately and take actions that are publicly observed. Players' types evolve as conditionally independent Markov processes, conditioned on their current actions. Their actions and types jointly determine their instantaneous rewards. In dynamic games with asymmetric information, a widely used concept of equilibrium is perfect Bayesian equilibrium (PBE) which consists of a strategy and belief pair that simultaneously satisfy sequential rationality and belief consistency. In general, there does not exist a universal algorithm that decouples the interdependence of strategies and beliefs over time in calculating PBE. In this paper, for the finite-horizon game with independent types, we develop a two-step backward–forward recursive algorithm that sequentially decomposes the problem (w.r.t. time) to obtain a subset of PBEs, which we refer to as structured Bayesian perfect equilibria (SPBE). In such equilibria, a player's strategy depends on his/her history only through a common public belief and its current private type. The backward recursive part of this algorithm defines an equilibrium generating function. Each period in the backward recursion involves solving a fixed-point equation on the space of probability simplexes for every possible belief on types. Using this function, equilibrium strategies and beliefs are generated through a forward recursion. We then extend this methodology to the infinite-horizon model, where we propose a time-invariant single-shot fixed-point equation, which in conjunction with a forward recursive step, generates the SPBE. Sufficient conditions for the existence of SPBE are provided. With our proposed method, we find equilibria that exhibit signaling behavior. This is illustrated with the help of a concrete public goods example.


Objective
To explore the application value of the change ratio of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ΔADC) in the therapeutic evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by single transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) .

Methods
Forty-eight patients diagnosed with advanced HCC underwent diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic enhanced MRI, and CT before and one month after TACE. The follow-up data for all selected patients were accumulated, and the disease progression in the follow-up was considered the end point. The progression-free survival of every patient was recorded after TACE. The responses one month after TACE were assessed via digital subtraction angiography, ΔADC, MRI, and CT, of which DSA was considered the "gold standard." The groups were divided into three groups: good, middle, and bad. The PFS curves were then plotted. The consistency of the other three evaluation methods with the "gold standard" was evaluated by kappa test.

Results
Fifty-six lesions were found in 48 patients according to the DSA results, where 30, 16, and 10 lesions belonged to the good, middle, and bad groups, respectively. The survival curves among the 3 groups were statistically significant (χ2=29.89, P<0.01) , and the median PFSs of the good, middle, and bad groups were 7.5, 4.0, and 1.1 months, respectively. The ΔADC results indicated that the ADC values generally increased after a single TACE; the ΔADC and survival curves among the 3 groups were also statistically significant (χ2=26.57, P<0.01) ; the median PFSs for the good, middle, and bad groups were 7.5, 4.6, and 1.8 months, respectively. The kappa test shows that the ΔADC was perfectly consistent with the "gold standard" (kappa=0.542, P<0.01) , but the MRI and CT were poorly consistent with the "gold standard" (Kappa=0.328, 0.260, P<0.05) . Only the MRI was statistically significant (χ2=30.623, P<0.01) in the survival curve.

Conclusion
The ΔADC can evaluate the efficacy of TACE timely and objectively, and the ΔADC is clinically significant in guiding the subsequent treatment after a single TACE.

Key words:
Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Magnetic resonance imaging; Apparent diffusion coefficient; Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization


In today's digital age it is essential to analyse the factors that influence the success of online branding. Pure play e-tailer, Brick and mortar, click and mortar companies are required to follow online branding strategy. As online branding is the need of the hour companies are moving on the track where the ultimate destination is to adopt online branding as the strategy to stay ahead. Online branding is moving at the pace of the light. To keep up, companies need a robust foundation with the judgment to think precariously about the critical success factors for online branding. The purpose of the paper is to identify factors that influence the success of online branding, interrelationship among those factors and categories them in line with its driving and dependence power. These factors will help to prepare the model for companies who are planning to go for online branding strategy. Interpretative Structural Modelling approach is used to construct this model. The result found that both online factors and offline factors influence the success of online branding. Future research may endeavour to statistically validate the proposed model and may also expand the model by suggesting other factors that are influencing the success of online branding. Little research has investigated the interrelationship among factors which are affecting the success of online branding and thereby inducing companies to go for online branding. In addition the present paper contributed insights developed from the model that would help companies in taking decision related to online branding.


In this respect, the claim made by some influential international-relations theorists that the primary axis of debate in international-relations theory is between "rationalists and constructivists" may be misleading. One can believe that significant elements of international politics are socially and historically contingent and deploy various forms of rational-choice analysis. The question of "constructivism versus rationalism" hinges, then, on a number of different considerations. For example: Does a given constructivist believe that the image of decision-making used in rationalchoice analysis is itself socially and historically contingent, and thus that rational-choice analysis unacceptably "naturalizes" a social fact? Does she believe that rational-choice analysis is somehow illsuited to study processes of social construction, and thus eschew its use in her own particular empirical investigations? Does she believe that the social-scientific foundations for rational-choice theory are inadequate, i.e., that as-is assumptions do not accord with human decision-making and that as-if approaches lack sustainable epistemological warrants? Too often these issues are subordinate to a general antipathy among constructivists to the formalism of positive perspectives. In turn, pragmatic considerations of the specific utility of rational-choice analysis get lost within, in essence, disciplinary posturing. My own view is largely pragmatic. Rational-choice analytics, like any attempt to cut into the complexity of social, political, and economic life, are more or less useful under certain circumstances. They paint an incomplete picture of politics—in this case international hierarchy— but this does not distinguish them from any other frame of inquiry. As should be clear from my own manuscript, my views on empire are profoundly shaped by positive approaches to hierarchy— including Alex Cooley's and David Lake's. For the purposes of discussion, I will take David Lake's important and deeply insightful "relational contracting" approach as a touchstone for further reflection. One of the great advantages of Lake's arguments about the formation of hierarchy in international politics is that they highlight—in very elegant ways—the incentives and conditions that might lead actors to opt for various forms of relational hierarchy. He specifies a set of utility curves relating to such factors as governance costs, fears of defection, and the specificity of assets that all actors face when they decide what kind of relationship of control they wish to pursue vis-avis other actors. He also has created spare typologies of different forms of international hierarchy. Regardless of the merits of his overarching arguments, the strength of his typologies alone has, in my view, "blown open" the study of hierarchy in international politics and will continue to shape the emerging research program on hierarchy in international-relations theory. On their own terms, his arguments concerning when actors will opt for various forms of hierarchy are very persuasive. The risks posed by his theories for future analysis of hierarchy are the same as any comprehensive rational-choice account: subsequent researchers may become so wedded


This paper examines the benefits of using in-class debates as an instructional strategy. Learning occurs in various ways; therefore, educators must utilize a wide variety of instructional strategies. Strategies that promote active engagement of the students are more beneficial for them. In-class debate is one such strategy, yet participation in debates is often limited to students involved in debate teams. The benefits of using in-class debates as an instructional strategy also include mastery of the content and the development of critical thinking skills, empathy, and oral communication skills. Debate as an instructional strategy, however, has its opponents. Some believe debates reinforce a bias toward dualism, foster a confrontational environment that does not suit certain students, or merely reinforce a student's existing beliefs. This paper also describes a variety of debate formats which address these criticisms including meeting-house, four-corner, fishbowl, think-pair-share, and role-play debates. Finally, issues related to the assessment of in-class debates are also addressed in the paper such as whether the students are assessed individually or as a team, what aspects of the debate are assessed, and whether the educator and/or students will do the assessment.


During the past year the Museum's collection of Islamic art has been greatly enriched by several important purchases, gifts, and bequests. The bequest of twenty ceramics and two Persian rugs by Horace Havemeyer has already been discussed in a separate Bulletin article (May I957). One of the most notable additions was the Cora Timken Burnett Bequest of Persian miniatures and other art objects, which included many important Arabic and Persian paintings of the thirteenth to the seventeenth century. The earliest miniature painting in the Burnett Bequest comes from the famous manuscript of Materia Medica, an Arab version of the Greek work by Dioscorides, copied and probably painted by Abdallah ibn al-Fadl in the month of Rajab 620 A. H. (July-August 1224). The miniatures from this manuscript, now in various collections in Europe and America, are of the Baghdad school. They illustrate the preparation of medicine, medical consultations, and operations. The Burnett miniature represents a thirteenth-century Baghdad pharmacy, with its storage jars and druggists preparing medicine from honey. The style of painting, based on Syrian and Iranian traditions, shows a keen observation of daily life. The story is told in a simple way and the composition is limited to essentials. The figures and building are treated in a purely decorative manner, which is further enhanced by the use of a few vigorous colors, such as red, blue, green, yellow, and purple, with the addition of gold. Six miniatures in the Burnett Bequest belong to the Mongol school of Persian painting. The earliest of these, showing a pair of bullocks, comes from a copy of Manafi al-Hayawan, or "Description of Animals," by Abu Said ibn Baktishu. The characteristic feature is the Chinese influence introduced into Iran by the Mongol conquerors. The best-known and earliest copy of Manafi al-Hayawan is in the Morgan Library. It was copied in Maragha at the order of the Ilkhan ruler Ghazan Khan in I297 or I299. Many of the miniatures in both manuscripts are painted in an impressionistic manner with little color, suggesting the monochrome Chinese ink paintings of the Sung and Yuan dynasties. The naturalistic landscape, with lotus plants and Chinese clouds, and the subdued colors are typical of the Mongol style. Another important Mongol example is a leaf with miniature paintings on each side, belonging to a manuscript of Munis al-Ahrar, an anthology of Persian poetry by Muhammad ibn al-Jajarmi, who was also the scribe. It is dated Ramadan 741 A. H. (February I34I). This leaf, one of six from the above manuscript, is decorated on both sides with three bands on a red ground containing representations of constellations and signs of the zodiac. The small miniatures show the characteristic style of the Mongol school, which is also known to us from the fine illustrations of a Shah-nama ("Book of Kings") in the Monroe Gutman collection in New York, fourteen of which are presently on loan at the Museum. Contemporary with the Mongol school of painting in Iran was the Mamluk school, to which belongs a miniature representing a mechanical device, or automaton, placed on top of an elephant. It comes from a well-known manuscript of al-Jazari's treatise on Automata, copied in the month of Ramadan 715 A. H. (October 1315). Five other paintings from the same manuscript, acquired in I955 from the Kevorkian collection, are now in our Museum. The Mamluk rulers of Egypt and Syria were particularly fond of al-Jazari's work. In the library of Santa Sophia in Istanbul there is a manuscript of the Automata copied in Cairo in 1354 for an amir of the Mamluk sultan Salah ad-Din Salih. The miniatures of these Mamluk manuscripts are painted in bright colors and a bold style based on traditions of the Mesopotamian school of painting. Ten of the miniature paintings in the Burnett Bequest belong to the Timurid school of the


By using the methods of co-integration, impulse response function and variance decomposition, I conduct the empirical research on the dynamic relationship among China's financial fund for agriculture, agricultural output value, and farmers' income from the year 1978 to the year 2009. The results indicate that me government's financial fund for agriculture plays the significant role in promoting agricultural output Value and farmers' income in the long run, but this role of promoting is not prominent in the short run; in the mean time, agricultural output value plays insignificant role in promoting farmers' income and the governments financial fund for agriculture; farmers' income plays the significant role in promoting agricultural output value and the governments financial fund for agriculture.


Transportation, Travel and Tourism has explained tourism contributions in Nigeria and Africa, it showcases the tourism sites of Nigeria, to serve as guide for investment in the areas of Tourism, Transport, Travel and Hospitality industry in Nigeria. The text is high effective for research in the industry for the purpose of development! It builds relationship and interest for those under study in the Field of Transportation, Travel and Tourism!The researches has taken time to compile these activities to promote the tourism, travel and transportation! It cuts across the cultural heritage of the Nation. Nigerian in diaspora and African will use this literature to educate their people and well as enhanced their knowledge on the cultural activities and heritage of the Nation. Nigeria is fill with untapped Natural resource that can be invested upon and make Tourism a core contributor to the Nation Gross Domestics, through Transportation, Hospitality and Recreations. This book is articulated to enhance research and it is research based!


We focus on mutual fund characteristics associated with periods of extreme performance. We find that funds with either positive (hot-hand) or negative (icy-hand) persistence tend to have portfolio similarities consistent with riskier positions: compared to no-streak funds, they hold fewer stocks, invest more in top ten holdings, and have a higher portfolio beta. Also both hot-hand and icy-hand funds have significantly higher asset turnover than benchmark funds. Icy-hand funds tend to be more extreme with riskier positions and asset turnover than hot-hand funds. At the same time, icy-hand (hot-hand) funds tend to have larger (smaller) management teams, and are less (more) likely to be managed by one person. Finally, we do not observe many funds changing their management teams either before or after extreme performance. That is, we find no evidence that the beginning of an extreme performance period is associated with changes in management or that it induces changes in management.


ABSTRACT This article examines the integration of Ifrīqiya into the Umayyad Empire from the conquest of Carthage in 78/698 until the ʿAbbāsid revolution in 132/750. It compares the province of Ifrīqiya with the province of Egypt and argues that, although Ifrīqiya and Egypt were both directly subordinated to caliphal control from 86/705 and therefore equal in a formal administrative sense, Ifrīqiya was a less prestigious province than Egypt within the caliphal hierarchy. This argument is based on a prosopographical comparison of the governors of the two provinces and a comparison of the factors affecting their selection. It is supported by a consideration of the reasons why Ifrīqiya was a less prestigious province than Egypt. Among these reasons, an important role is attributed to Egypt's role as a transit province between North Africa and Syria. This gave Egypt an informal dominance over Ifrīqiya, which was a disadvantage for a governorship over this province.


FOREIGN EXCHANGE HEDGING TECHNIQUES:AN EMPIRICAL SURVEY OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED AT IMKB Letife ÖZDEMİR Department of Management Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, The Institute of Social Sciences


In this article van't Veer et al .1 present a comprehensive and detailed study comparing the haemodynamic characteristics of drug-eluting stents (DES) with those obtained by conventional bare metal stents (BMS). After DES, long-term physiological parameters including fractional flow reserve (FFR), hyperaemic gradient, and wall shear stress (WSS) were superior to those found in equivalent BMS implanted in the same patients.1 Although these findings are of major interest, most of the new information provided could be perceived as well expected considering the large body of evidence demonstrating the superb late results after DES implantation. Nevertheless, as will be highlighted in this editorial, some study findings and their potential implications are rather provocative . Furthermore, on the basis of their results, these investigators from the Catharina Hospital (Eindhoven)1 dare to challenge some widely accepted strategies in the management of patients with diffuse coronary artery disease (CAD).

Previous land-mark studies from the same group have unequivocally established the superiority of FFR over conventional angiography to assess the functional severity of coronary stenosis.2 Even intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), able to provide a thorough anatomic coronary assessment, can only be used as a surrogate of lesion physiology.3 Large-scale serial morphological studies have consistently demonstrated the unique ability of DES to prevent restenosis and to inhibit neointimal proliferation. However, functional studies after DES implantation using direct haemodynamic assessment are scarce.4,5

The elegant study of van't Veer et al .,1 assessing FFR, stent-induced gradients, Doppler-derived intracoronary velocities, and WSS, fills the gap in our understanding of DES influence on coronary physiology. The study design, randomly allocating in pairs DES and BMS in well-selected matched lesions of patients with two-vessel disease, circumvents the potential confounding influence of systemic and anatomic factors on outcome measures. This sound methodology enables to obtain meaningful …

*Corresponding author: Cardiologia Intervencionista, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clinico San Carlos, Plaza de Cristo Rey, Madrid 28040, Spain. Tel: +3491 3303289; fax: +3491 3303289. E-mail address : falf{at}hotmail.com


The majority of Pakistani women are employed in the informal sector of the economy, devoid of protection, safety, and employment benefits, which prevents them from having autonomy. In this study, we aimed to identify (i) the differences in socio-demographic characteristics of formal versus informal sector women workers and (ii) compare the perceived and practised autonomy between the two groups. We used a convenience sample of 150 women, half each from the informal and formal sectors of the economy, specifically the teaching sector. We were able to find through mean analysis that women from the informal sector have higher autonomy. We also found that informal sector women workers in the country are impoverished, illiterate, non-Muslims, living in underdeveloped areas, and have no property ownership. There is a critical need to support policy for transfer to formal sector employment and to develop interventions to improve autonomy in working women.


Generalised pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, debilitating autoinflammatory disorder presenting with flares of widespread sterile pustules and erythema, accompanied by systemic inflammation. In this issue of British Journal of Dermatology, Warren et al. report on their open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study of imsidolimab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL-36R. The study findings indicate that imsidolimab may be an efficacious treatment in GPP.


During a class in spreadsheet arise some mistaken, but very common, convinctions on games of chance. In this article are expressed some considerations on the role of math teachers to fight the growing problem of pathological gambling.


After Mongolian dominated the Western Regions,inclusive policies implemented provides a relatively loose and social environment for various religions spread in the Western Regions and effects various religious the spread and development pattern in the Western Regions.


The authors describe the most significant stage in forest industry development history of the country at the beginning of the 1930s, when directive-command and punitive-repressive systems were adopted as economic management basis. These systems contributed to the country industry and uninhabited areas development but at the same time extensively used prisoners and deportees' compulsory labour.


The fact that individual retail outlets differ substantially from one another in sales volume is not news to marketing executives. Yet static patterns for measuring retail success and failure continue in use. The author of this article demonstrates the extent of retail sales variations in the oil industry. He also shows evidence that the use of fixed sales ratios may lead to inaccuracies in appraisals of stations and managers, and to inefficient allocation of marketing expenditures.


I would use the present tense in the abstract I would use rainfall instead of precipitation everywhere in the text. Line 24: "Terrain saturation is the original cause of landslide occurrence". Actually, this depends on the type of landslides. Line 33: perhaps the correct reference is Segoni et al 2018 (already mentioned), not Segoni et al 2014 Line 36-39: The sentence "For example, global thresholds have been developed based on antecedent precipitation indices (Caine, 1980; Guzzetti et al., 2008; Kirschbaum and Stanley, 2018), and national thresholds have been established under an empirical–statistical approach (Leonarduzzi et al., 2017; Peruccacci et al., 2017a; Uwihirwe et al., 2020)." is not correct. Actually, both the mentioned thresholds based on antecedent precipitation and the cited national thresholds are established using and empirical-statistical approach. Please review and correct. Line 38: Note that there are two references to the work "Peruccacci et al. (2017)" a and b, which are actually the same. Line 47: I would suggest using "slope" instead of "hillside" Line 51: in relation to environmental subdivisions within a national territory, please consider also the work of Peruccacci et al. (2017) – already mentioned – which present several morphological, geological, meteorological, climatic subdivision of the Italian territory with the aim of defining rainfall thresholds. Caption of figure 2. Delete "Methodology six steps" Line 101: I suppose you wanted to write "is shown in Figure 2". Line 185-186: please check syntax and grammar. Line 196: actually, TSS varies between -1 and 1, as you correctly mentioned some lines above. Table 3: I would suggest using always the same number of decimal places. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)


Internet-based teaching research of Guangdong Province begins early and has already built diverse modes.However,the driving force is weak.Due to the lack of the effective practice mode which adapts to the situations of Guangdong province,the teachers don't really take initiative to contribute,and their information literacy are insufficient.Nor do they have platfom designing standard of teaching research and the impactful prompting and evaluation system.Therefore,the practice mode of teaching research should develop in four respects: the idea layer,the management layer,the physics layer and the application layer,and take the "school-based and region-collaborated " two-level management mechanism as the advancement strategy to promote strongly the development of internet-based teaching research activities in the whole province.


In order to boost the informatization construction of experimental teaching and management,improve the management efficiency and level of experimental teaching process,achieve the fully sharing of high-quality experimental teaching resources and ensure the constant promotion of talent cultivation quality,this paper researched and developed a Laboratory Information Management System(LIMS),which includes management procedures of experimental teaching,resources,detection and scientific research,etc.It combines modern experimental teaching philosophy and human-oriented management concept with modern analysis and detection technology and information technology.Consequently,the standardization,informatization,networking and paperless form of the comprehensive management of experimental teaching are realized.It has been proved that the LIMS plays an important role in the highly efficient operation of biology laboratories,tracing management of experimental teaching process and laboratory quantification evaluation through practice.


The aim of this paper is to report the achievement of Ichnaea, a fully computer-based prediction system that is able to make fairly accurate predictions for Microbial Source Tracking studies. The system accepts examples showing dierent concentration levels, uses indicators (variables) with dierent environmental persistence, and can be applied at dierent geographical or climatic areas. We describe the inner workings of the system and report on the specic problems and challenges arisen from the machine learning point of view and how they have been addressed.


Anomalous origin of right coronary artery from the left anterior descending artery is an extremely rare coronary
 anomaly. We report the case of a 57-year-old patient presented with effort angina. Coronary angiography revealed
 that an anomalous RCA originated from the middle LAD. The anomalous RCA had also critical ostial stenosis and
 LAD had some meaningless lesions in the proximal and mid segments. Computed tomographic angiography
 confirmed anomalous RCA originating from the middle portion of LAD and coursing anterior of the pulmonary artery
 to the right atrioventricular groove. We proposed medical management for this patient.
 The anomalous origin of the RCA as a branch of the LAD artery is a very rare variation of single coronary artery.
 It is usually asymptomatic and fortuitous discovery but can be associated with a risk of myocardial ischemia and
 sudden cardiac death especially if the anomalous artery had an inter-arterial course. Computed tomographic
 angiography is an important non-invasive diagnostic tool for establishing the course of the vessel and may be
 adjunct to angiography. Treatment of coronary anomalies is still controversial; it may be medical, surgical or
 percutaneous.


The agenda explain the historical evolution of land uses in SA£o Jorge Island (Azores- Portugal) between 15th-20th century.The economic exploitation of the island space prosecuted itself in simultaneous with his colony, one form to guarantee the auto supplying of the populations. First we assess the capacity of the island territory for different uses based on agronomic analysis and transform these capacities in attractiveness coefficients.Then we design a spatial interaction model with five different sectors which employment can be closely related with surface area, first to five zones in the island and within those zones to small plots of 1 hectare each.Finally we use historical data on population and main export crops in order to calibrate the model for each century. Therefore, based on data on the export crop and on the population it is possible to estimate the different land use of the island for all the sectors and to assess the carrying capacity of the island.


College students are a special group and they have more mental problems than other students.The paper makes analysis of basic situations and existing mental problems,combining Electromechanical Engineering School.New mental health education approaches are offered.


Road safety barriers (e.g., concrete barriers, metal crash barriers, rumble strips) play an important role in preventing or mitigating vehicle crashes. Accurate maps of road safety barriers are critical components of safety infrastructure management systems at federal or state transportation agencies. In current practice, mapping road safety barriers is largely done manually (e.g., driving on the road or visual interpretation of street view imagery), which is slow, tedious, and expensive. We propose a deep learning approach to automatically map road safety barriers from street view imagery. Our approach considers road barriers as long objects spanning across consecutive street view images in a sequence and use a hybrid object-detection and recurrent-network model. Preliminary results on real-world street view imagery show that the proposed model outperforms several baseline methods.


This thesis involves the creation of a system of embedded touchscreen devices called touchSPICE to aid in the learning of basic circuits. Traditionally, circuit theory is taught to students in two different methods, lectures and laboratory exercises. Lectures focus on auditory and visual learning and are largely passive learning. Lab experiments allow students to physically interact with the circuits, and learn visually through viewing output waveforms from simulators or on measurement devices. The goal of the touchSPICE project is to develop a physical system for virtual, real-time SPICE simulation that mimics the laboratory experience. In touchSPICE, touchscreen devices act as circuit nodes that communicate with immediate neighbors using physical wires. Additionally, the nodes communicate wirelessly with a host computer, running a customized version of SPICE. Data is aggregated on the host computer and plotted in real-time. Changes in configuration of the nodes (component types and values), are then reflected on the host computer's display. The efficacy of touchSPICE as a learning tool was evaluated by using anonymous surveys from 20 subjects including a pretest, followed by an interactive session with touchSPICE, and a follow-up posttest. Results collected showed that with a few changes to improve the responsiveness of the touchscreen, touchSPICE may be an effective method for teaching circuit theory. Additionally, users enjoyed the quick configuration time that touchSPICE provided, and felt that the real-time feedback of touchSPICE helped support understanding of how circuits operate. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my parents and brother for all the help they have provided me along the way in school. Without them, I wouldn't be where I am today. I would also like to thank Josh O'Hara for co-developing the hardware used in this thesis with me. And last but not least, Dr. John Oliver for the conceptual idea of a touchscreen SPICE tool and funding the cost of the hardware.


The need for improved lifetime of air-breathing proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells for portable applications necessitates that the failure mechanisms be clearly understood and life prediction models be developed, so that new designs can be introduced to improve long-term performance. An operating airbreathing PEM fuel cell has varying local conditions of temperature and humidity. As a result of in the changes in temperature and moisture, the membrane, GDL and bipolar plates will all experience expansion and contraction. Because of the different thermal expansion and swelling coefficients between these materials, hygro-thermal stresses are introduced into the unit cell during operation. In addition, the non-uniform current and reactant flow distributions in the cell result in non-uniform temperature and moisture content of the cell which could in turn, potentially causing localized increases in the stress magnitudes, and this leads to mechanical damage, which can appear as through-the-thickness flaws or pinholes in the membrane, or delaminating between the polymer membrane and gas diffusion layers. Therefore, in order to acquire a complete understanding of these damage mechanisms in the membranes and gas diffusion layers, mechanical response under steady-state hygro-thermal stresses should be studied under real cell operation conditions. A three-dimensional, multi–phase, non-isothermal computational fluid dynamics model of a planar ambient air-breathing, proton exchange membrane fuel cell has been developed and used to study the effects of ambient conditions on the temperature distribution, displacement, deformation, and stresses inside the cell. The behaviour of the fuel cell during operation has been studied and investigated under real cell operating conditions. A unique feature of the present model is to incorporate the effect of mechanical, hygro and thermal stresses into actual three-dimensional fuel cell model. The results show that the non-uniform distribution of stresses, caused by the temperature gradient in the cell, induces localized bending stresses, which can contribute to delaminating between the membrane and the gas diffusion layers. The non-uniform distribution of stresses can also contribute to delaminating between the gas diffusion layers and the current collectors. These stresses may explain the occurrence of cracks and pinholes in the fuel cells components under steady–state loading during regular cell operation, especially in the high loading conditions. The results showed that the ambient conditions (ambient temperature and relative humidity) have a strong impact on the temperature distribution and hygro-thermal stresses inside the cell. Copyright © 2011 International Energy and Environment Foundation All rights reserved.


There are many factors affecting the disaster situation, and weights of various factors are different. Theoretical analysis results are only applicable to disasters and regions that meet theoretical assumptions. Based on the knowledge of some people about local earthquake disasters and flood disasters in Santai County, this paper proposes a method to identify the factors affecting disasters by risk perception. In the case, risk perception is reflected in the score of affecting factors' importance. The study found that the background of the respondents is closely related to their risk perception results. The factors affecting the disaster can be summarized as risk source factors, emergency ability factors and vulnerability factors. This study can provide a reference for the weights calculation in relative exposure.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: pharmaceutical composition in the form of a tablet contains a core coated with a separating layer and an enteric coating. The core contains an active substance, sodium rabeprazole, and additives - calcium carbonate, lactose, starch, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, stearic acid salt in the amounts specified in the patent claim. What is also described is a method for producing the pharmaceutical composition of rabeprazole. The invention enables to extend the range of medical products applicable for treating gastric ulcer. EFFECT: low in foreign impurities and having good stability. 3 cl, 3 tbl, 5 ex


Software Quality is generally characterized by several factors which reveal the degree of success of the software developed and its future maintainability. Although many existing models provide frameworks of huge potential pertaining to quality analysis, yet offer little support to make them operational and handy to use. Nonetheless, by taking ideas from existing models, new metrics, their relationships with external quality factors and associated weights can be defined and evaluated. Keeping these views in mind, this paper proposes a new quality model (SQMMA) which offers ready-to-use mathematical formulas to quantify four quality attributes namely Analyzability, Changeability, Stability and Testability as weighted sum of a set of software code metrics. These attributes further act as determinants to evaluate `Maintainability' characteristic of a software, according to ISO 9126 definition. A revised formula to compute Maintainability, according to ISO 25010, has also been derived. The designed model is then implemented on four versions of Apache tomcat and results are presented. Finally results have been validated through their trend analysis and comparison with bugs/change metrics drawn additionally.


Facility managers and energy engineers contemplating a lighting retrofit are confronted with a confusing array of product and system options. This paper presents my experience in trial and h a 1 installations. Also presented is a commonsense approach to calculating savings. TECHNOLOGIES Reflectors Specular reflectors improve luminaire efficiency by minimizing the number of times light must "bounce around" within fixture recesses before exiting the fixture. Presumably, this increase in luminaire efficiency will allow delamping the fixture, while maintaining light levels. In practice, I have rarely found that light levels are maintained when delamping from four lamps to two. In fact, light levels in the critical areas between fixtures have often plummeted below the level achieved with two lamps and reflector. This appears to happen as a result of the localizing effect of reflectors, e.g. the redirection, straight down, of light that was previously directed over a greater area. It is interesting to note that a footcandles before 98 63 65 66 65 65 75 54 52 127 132 56 60 7 1 72 84 footcandles after 83 58 52 53 47 44 44 45 43 80 72 45 39 50 53 65 delamped fixture produces about 55% of the original lumens, rather than the expected 50 %. This is due to reduced surface area within the luminaire for light absorption, and reduced bulbwall temperature. Reduced bulbwall temperature, to a certain point, will result in increased light output and energy consumption. I have also found that deep, squared-off fixtures provide the greatest opportunity for reflector retrofit. A shallow fixture with gently sloping white enamel surfaces will generally provide a less drastic efficiency improvement with reflector retrofit. A trial installation in a typical are., giving due consideration to lamp aging and dirt accumulation, is the most effective way to determine what effect reflector retrofits will have on light levels. The table on the following page depicts retrofit results for a local office buiding. Fixtures were all 2' x 4' prismatic lens lay-in troffers with 4 F40CW lamps. These fixtures were retrofit with custom-designed anodized aluminum full reflectors and two T-8 lamps. Light levels were measured at the same location on the task surface (usually a desk) before and after the retrofit. % maintained 85 % 92 % 80 % 80 % 72 % 68 % 59 96 83 % 83 % 63 % 55 % 80 % 65 % 70 % 74 % 77 % ESL-HH-94-05-01 Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hot and Humid Climates, Arlington, TX, May 19-20, 1994


The study aims to examine and analyze the Day-of-The-Week-Effect (DWE) in  Indonesian Stock Exchange. Cross (1973) in his seminal paper stated that, on average, return on Monday is negative and return on Friday is positive, which by a number of researchers afterwards is called DWE. Until now DWE cannot be explained by conventional finance theories so it is stated as an anomaly. The existence of DWE actually also challenges the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), so it becomes interesting to study. The Generalized Autoregresive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) method was used to test and analyze DWE in this study. The data source in this study is the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The novelty in this study is on DWE testing carried out over a long period of time (1990-2018) and testing conducted by forming sub-samples within that time period. The results of the study found that there was an evolution of DWE in the Indonesian capital market. Where, DWE began to occur in the Asian crisis period in 1998, then it did not occur in the period of the 2008 global financial crisis, then reappeared in the following period until 2018.


Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a disorder highly prevalent among populations of Western countries and with which both general practitioners and specialists have to deal. It induces pain, causes discomfort, significantly reduces the quality of life for the affected patient, and lacks specific and consensual instruments able to adequately assess its signs and symptoms. This article presents these needs that are still unmet in clinical practice and that relate to the tools currently available for the assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of drugs on the disease symptoms and signs. Suggestions are presented regarding new endpoints and tools to be used in further clinical trials designed to assess the effect of therapies on CVD, in particular studies with Daflon 500 mg.


The sound samples of different strokes of maddalam are analysed using MIR toolbox. The frequency spectrum, attack and decay parameters are studied. The reasons for the harmonic nature of maddalam are identified.


OBJECTIVE:Data suggest that subjects with irritable bowel syndrome are more likely to report a recent course of antibiotics. This study tests the hypothesis that a course of antibiotics is a risk factor for an increase in the number of functional bowel complaints over a 4-month period in a general population sample.METHODS:We initiated a prospective case-control study in three general practices in South London. Consecutive patients aged 16–49 attending their general practitioner with non-GI complaints and given a prescription for antibiotics were invited to participate. Comparison subjects who had not had antibiotics for 1 yr were identified from the practice records by age group, gender, and previous general practitioner visits. Fifty-eight antibiotic and 65 control patients agreed to participate. Questionnaires covering demographic, GI, and psychological data were sent at recruitment and at 4 months. Seventy-four percent of subjects completed the study. The number of symptoms at follow-up compared to that at recruitment.RESULTS:Twenty of 42 antibiotic subjects (48%) versus 11/49 control subjects (22%) demonstrated one or more additional functional bowel symptoms at 4 months (unadjusted odds ratio = 3.14 [1.27–7.75]) (χ2= 6.4, p = 0.01). Ten of 42 antibiotic subjects (24%) versus 3/49 control subjects (6%) demonstrated two or more additional functional bowel symptoms at 4 months (unadjusted odds ratio = 4.79 [1.22–18.80]) (χ2= 5.8, p = 0.02).CONCLUSIONS:Functional bowel symptoms come and go, but subjects who are given a course of antibiotics are more than three times as likely to report more bowel symptoms 4 months later than controls.


Challenging the dominant discourses on trafficking which fail to include or reflect the experiences of those who are trafficked into a range of labour markets every year, and deny the trafficked "victims" any possibility of autonomy or voice, Durbar, an organised forum of sex workers based in West Bengal, has intervened into the debate on trafficking and has offered creative, inclusive and effective ways of thinking about and acting on the issue. The article recounts the stories of women who had once been trafficked, to understand why and how some women get trafficked, and more critically, how they exercise their agency to get out of the trafficked condition. In analysing these stories and Durbars position on and intervention against trafficking, the article also explores the ways in which a marginalised group of poor women can claim citizenship rights by participating in public discourses and voicing and actualising their demand for self-determination. Keywords: Human trafficking Language: en


MNCs used to conduct little research and development(RD) outside their home base,especially in developing countries.At the end of 20th century,the rapid increase of MNCs' RD investment in developing countries has been a new trend of the globalization of industrial RD.It brings challenge to the traditional theories of MNCs and location theory.This thesis explores the developing course and geographical distributing characteristics of MNCs' RD investment in developing countries.The resource-based views can be used to explain the globalization of MNCs RD.Finally,this thesis suggests that the government of China should put a system of policies attracting and utilizing MNCs' RD investment into force.


By investigating the velocity uncertainties in GPS coordinate time series we have to be aware of the fact that we also need good knowledge of the models that best describe the presents of the noise in the GPS time series coordinates. For a proper noise mode we have to take into account all the stochastic effects and to be able to classify the types of the noise source that will affect our results like: white noise, flicker noise, and random walk. The paper is presenting a case study in which we have used spectral analysis and Maximum Likelihood Estimation to best describe the presence of the noise. In the study we have estimated both annual and semiannual signals and also the GPS draconitic period harmonics which capture the unmodelled periodic effect.


Introduction: Nonvolatile Semiconductor Memory (NVSM) devices with faster speed, longer retention, higher endurance, and lower erase/write voltages have emerged due to novel structures, materials and modes of operation. Flexible, reliable and precise characterization techniques are needed to verify expected design improvement and information on device performance. In this work, we discuss the characterization techniques used in SONOS NVSM device performance testing and device physical parameters extraction.


In this paper, we compare the behavior of congestion control of these transport protocol by manipulating the queue size, link capacity and packet delay.


Discussing effects of Rayleigh scattering,absorption and reflection of visible light by atmosphere and water mass,this paper believes that color of water mass in Jiuzai Valley and Huanglong results from selected absorption and reflection of visible light by water mass other than "Rayleigh scattering" and "iron coloring".


Waxy wheat flour was analyzed for its thermal and rheological properties and was extruded to evaluate its potential for extruded products. Normal soft white wheat flour was analyzed with the same methods and same extrusion conditions to directly compare differences between the two types of flour. Through DSC analysis, waxy wheat flour was found to have a higher gelatinization peak temperature of 66.4°C than normal wheat at 64.0°C, although the transition required 2.00 J/g less energy. Rapid visco-analysis indicated that the waxy wheat flour pasted much more quickly and at lower temperatures than the normal wheat flour. Preliminary extrusion experiments were conducted to determine the optimal screw profile for waxy wheat with respect to maximum radial expansion. The optimum screw profile was used for extrusion trials with varying flour moisture (15–25% wb) and extruder screw speed (200–400 rpm) while monitoring process conditions including back pressure and specific mechanical energy. Physical properties o...


The miscibility behavior of poly(vinyl phe- nyl ketone hydrogenated) (PVPhKH) and poly(2,6-dimeth- yl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) are studied by differential scanning calorimetry, thermomechanical analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Two miscibility windows between 10 to 40 and 60 to 90 wt % PPO are detected. Only the blend with 50 wt % PPO is immiscible. The best fit of the Gordon-Taylor equation of the experimental glass-transition temperatures for miscible PVPhKH/PPO blends is shown. A study by FTIR spectroscopy suggests that hydrogen bonding interac- tions are formed between the hydroxyl groups of PVPhKH and the ether groups of PPO. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1887-1892, 2004


New geochemical and isotopic data for volcanic and shallow-level intrusive rocks of the Murchison Domain in the Youanmi Terrane of the Yilgarn Craton help to clarify some of the stratigraphic ambiguities in the area and are consistent with the most recent lithostratigraphic model. The results reveal the presence of previously unrecognised examples of the boninite-depleted tholeiite suite that, based on εNdT > 4, were likely derived from refractory mantle following plume melting. These new findings support the conclusions of previous studies that magmatism in Archean volcanic successions, including mantle plume-associated and arc sequences, display geochemical evidence of refractory plume-related magma sources throughout their development. The presence of well-preserved boninites in the Polelle Group indicates a significant role for subduction tectonics during the 2825–2700 Ma evolution of the Youanmi Terrane. The subduction zone is tentatively linked to the accretionary processes proposed along the Youanmi Terrane–Narryer Terrane boundary. This model also implies that in the eastern Yilgarn Craton, the initial phases of craton re-assembly may have been driven by this subduction zone prior to the development of an arc off the eastern edge of the craton at ca 2715 Ma.


To improve the unbalancing usage of the Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) devices at rail transit stations,this paper investigates the relationship between level of AFC unit's utilization and a host of factors including the layout of service facilities,passenger volumes,and route selection behaviors based on the survey data on the usage of AFC devices at the rail station of Renmin Square,Jingansi,and Xujiahui in Shanghai.The results of the study show that AFC devices close to an escalator or a staircase are utilized the most because of passenger's behavior in choosing the shortest path.It is also discovered that the usage of AFC devices are balanced when passenger flow approaches the capacity of the AFC devices.Aiming at two types of designs for AFC devices-parallel or perpendicular to the direction of pedestrian flow,the paper proposes three improvement plans that are evaluated by a pedestrian simulation program called Legion.The paper recommends that AFC devices be arranged in three rows while the row space is 0.5m for the parallel layout and 1.1m for perpendicular layout.The two lay-out designs can reduce the degree of unbalancing utilization of AFC below 0.3.


To make clear the changes of the amount of reserve substances in the bark of stem and root of mulberry graftages after planting, studies were carried with mulberry graftages classified into three groups of 7.0~7.9mm, 9.0~9.9mm and 11.0~11.9mm in diameter of stems at 3cm above their base. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The dry weight of stem and root bark gradually decreased with growth of new shoots till about five weeks after planting, and from then it increased. 2. The duration of new shoots growth depending on the reserve substance was limited for 6∼7 weeks after planting. In no fertilized group, the length of new shoots increased up to 6~7 weeks, from then decreased. 3. Dry leaf yield three weeks after planting was found to be no difference in the same diameter of saplings between with and without fertilization. 4. The content of chlorophyll in the leaves was higher in thicker group and in fertilized group than thinner and no fertilized one, respectively. 5. There was no difference in the amount of carbohydrates of the bark of stem and root among the stem diameters. There was a transient increase in the amount of total sugar in the bark of stem and root in the first three weeks after plantillg, followed by gradual decline of to five weeks. The amount of reducing sugar in the bark of stem and root increased both in fertilized and in no fertilized group up to three weeks after planting, and then it decreased. There was a gradual decline in the content of starch in the bark of stem and root both in fertilized and in no fertilized group up to five weeks after planting, followed by gradual increase.


The Signal Processing WorkSystem (SPW) of Cadence is an integrated framework for developing DSP and communications products. Formal verification is a complementary technique to simulation based on mathematical logic. The HOL system is an environment for interactive theorem proving in a higher-order logic. It has an open user-extensible architecture which makes it suitable for providing proof support for embedded languages. In this paper, we propose an approach to model SPW descriptions at different abstraction levels in HOL based on the shallow embedding technique. This will enable the formal verification of SPW designs which in the past could only be verified partially using conventional simulation techniques. We illustrate this novel application through a simple case study of a Notch filter.


Objective - To study the perceptions on cure regarding tuberculosis (TB) among the employees working in Adi
dravidar and Tribal Welfare department, Government of Tamil Nadu.
Design - An interview schedule was used to collect the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and
the data on their knowledge on symptoms, cause, mode of infection, diagnosis, treatment for TB and their
perceptions on cure were collected.
Results - Among the 71 employees working in the Tamil Nadu government welfare origination, only ninety two
percent of them have heard of the disease called TB. Forty three percent reported that cough as the main
symptom, 37% reported TB was caused by germs. Out of 97% who were aware there was treatment available for
TB, only 72% reported TB was curable. Disappearance of symptoms (12%) and feeling alright (25%) were
perceived as the cure of TB. Only 26% reported completing the treatment for the prescribed period as cure of TB.
Misconceptions reported on cure of TB were abstaining from smoking (95%), from alcohol (89%) from sex (17%)
and tobacco (98%).
Conclusions - This study suggests for strengthening the need to educate the community in general and the
other government sector in specific on symptoms and cure of TB.


Background: Anterior open bite (AOB) is the vertical separation between upper and lower teeth when all other teeth are in maximum intercuspation. It is considered abnormal when it affects patient's function, speech, mastication, future dental health risks and aesthetics. Aim: The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anterior open bite and its etiological factors in a group of Egyptian children aged 8 years and above. Methods: The sample comprised 115 participants aged between 8 and 10 years, attending the Outpatients' Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University. AOB was assessed on study cast models using digital caliper. Increased overjet, abnormal oral habits, and parents' educational level were checked. A close ended questionnaire was answered by patients' guardians. Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS software package (version 21 SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Results: About 24(20.9%) of the 115 participants had AOB, 82 (71.2%) had normal overbite, 9 (7.8%) had increased overbite. Overjet relationship was increased in 51(44.4%). The most common etiological factor was mouth breathing 13(11.3%). Abnormal oral habits revealed higher percentages of tongue thrust 5 (7.2%), thumb sucking 4(5.8%) and lip biting 6(8.7%) in girls. Boys revealed higher percentages regarding mouth breathing 7(15.2%) and nail biting 1(2.2%). There was significant low positive correlation between parents' educational level and the amount of AOB (r < 0.5, P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Prevalence of AOB is relatively low, with no sex predilection. Abnormal oral habit may be a causative factor of AOB.


The general principles of model reflection of working processes in the internal combustion engine are investigated. Like that intramolecular (chemically effective), molecular (thermodynamically active) or macroscopic (ordered by external manifestation) motion in substances causes mass transfer - diffusion, impulse transfer - viscosity, as well as they form the transfer of energy of disordered motion - heat-exchanging. By tying the phenomena of mass, momentum and energy transfer with molecular, intraocular and ordered motions, respectively, the leading, radial and convection components of each of these phenomena can be distinguished. Due to the common condition, diffusion, viscosity, heat transfer are interconnected phenomena and play a decisive role in processes passing through cylinders of the internal combustion engine. Therefore, they together should have been subject to some general harmonious theory of motion and energy exchange, which is based on the uniform physical and mathematical principles of environmental reflection. However, today such a theory does not exist. Because of this, in the study of heat exchange processes in the internal combustion engines we have to move, relying heavily on the principles of empiricism.
In spite of the extremely complex phenomenon of  heat transfer, the internal combustion engine in the working space of the engine is such that it allows us to rely on relatively simple model descriptions based on the principles of empiricism.
The purpose of the work — based on the principles of the theory of similarity, to justify the possibility of adequate reflection and formalized generalization of experimentally identified information about the laws of the flow of heat transfer processes in the engines of Otto (the engine of rapid internal combustion).
The main object of empirical research is the coefficient of heat transfer. Only meaningful transparency and ease of use can be explained by the fact that so far this concept is widely used, although it is completely motivated can be replaced by a more general dimensionless characteristic. A great deal of empirical dependencies are proposed for calculating this coefficient. Each of them has own level of universality and it is applicability limits for adequacy. Generally, universality and adequacy are not mutually conductive characteristics of the quality of empirical relationships. That is why studying a certain set of engine operating modes, it is desirable to involve in the mathematical and experimental apparatus of research, such analytically displayed empirical relationships, which within this set remained unchanged by the structure and values of its main parameters.
Heat transfer in the cylinder of the engine of rapid internal combustion between the gas and the wall of the combustion space occurs mainly due to forced convection. Actually in the engine operating on the Otto cycle, the heat transfer as a result of radiation in the course of fueling is generally negligible because (unlike a diesel engine), in the projectile of combustion, there is not a significant amount of fired particles of soot, and by themselves, gases as emitters, as compared to forced turbulent convection, can tolerate a relatively small amount of heat, which is unlikely to be taken into consideration in general.
Equation of forced convection is traditionally based on a similarity relationship between criteria Nusselt (Nu), Reynolds (Re), Prandtl (Pr); C, n, m, — constant. G.Woschni found out that the values of the degrees of power are acceptable  and .But in general it turned out that good simulation results can be obtained on the basis of experimental information on the flow of pressure and average temperature in the engine cylinder, taking  and for each mode of operation of the engine its meaning  from the range .Examples of model reproduction of the change in the coefficient of heat output from the angle of rotation of the motor shaft for different loads are given.


Tests for Igm antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM) are useful diagnostic tools in the evaluation of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A m ethod is described for detecting anti-HBc IgM based on application of a commercially available radioimmunoassay for total antiHBc to column separated serum IgM and the technique is evaluated in patients with acute and chronic HBV infection. O ur test is both sensitive and specific for diagnosing acute hepatitis B, although duration of positivity is highly variable. This technique is simple, inexpensive, and m ight be particularly useful for laboratories perform ing lim ited num bers of examinations, or with lim ited resources. A 45 percent savings in reagent costs is realized in our laboratory.


PURPOSE:To produce a blood plasma-phobic film with an effective, specified blood plasma separation rate, in which fibrils oriented in a specified direction with respect to the axis on the surface of a hollow fiber made of cellulose acetate by controlling the winding speed to the discharging speed of spinning solution at a specified rate.


This paper is aimed to work out a method for risk assessment on the interrupt of power supply under sleet. To reduce the detriment and damage that is likely to be caused by sleet with a purpose of enhaneing the local power to cope with such unexpected natural disaster, it is indispensable for the local departments in charge of the power supply to have an efficient approach to quantitative risk analysis. As it is well-known, sleet is formed from the raindrops that get frozen before hitting the ground. In South China, it is often the case for a power transmission line hit by a sleet. The ice load exerted on the tower can result in the tower break-down, and subsequently, cause power supply interrupted. In this paper, combined with Monte Carlo framework, we prefer to introduce a method for risk assessment on the likely interrupt of power supply under sleet. Reviewing the present model of power transmission line icing in frozen precipitation, we have studied and applied the model of Goodwin. Based on this and locally laid-out criteria, thus, bringing forward the limit of the state equation for failure model. Then, by using the statistical data, we have obtained the distribution function of precipitation in the locality, from which somewhat random data of precipitation would be produced. Next, random data on the wind speed and speed of rain drops are obtained from the corresponding departments. Joining all of these random data into an equation would enable us to get the result of probability of interrupt of power supply, and later both the product of random data and the circulated results are processed in Matlab software. The above described method proposed by us has been trial-applied in Changsha, the capital of Hunan province, to assess the risk of sleet there and prove the feasibility of the probability of interrupt of power supply. Then with the help of risk assessment, this paper has worked out measures for local power management departments to improve their risk assessment. Since the method is easy and simple to use and to get profitable results, it will be promising for the local government departments to adopt to improve their control of sleet disaster.


A field demonstration of an enhanced in-situ bioremediation technology was conducted between March 1998 and August 1999 at the ITT Industries Night Vision (ITTNV) Division plant in Roanoke, Virginia. The bioremediation process was evaluated for its effectiveness in treating both chlorinated and nonchlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater located in fractured bedrock. Chlorinated compounds, such as trichloroethene (TCE), in fractured bedrock pose a challenging remediation problem. Not only are chlorinated compounds resistant to normal biological degradation, but the fractured bedrock presents difficulties to traditional techniques used for recovery of contaminants and for delivery of amendments or reagents for in-situ remediation.

The demonstration was conducted under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The SITE program was established to promote the development, demonstration, and use of innovative treatment technologies for the cleanup of Superfund and other hazardous waste sites. This article presents selected results of the demonstration and focuses on understanding the data in light of the fractured bedrock formation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


We examine the combinatorial significance of Ramanujan's famous summation. In particular, we prove bijectively a partition theoretic identity which implies the summation formula.


A. The methods and techniques of legal case-solving ............................................................................................. 2 I. The analysis of the facts and question of the case ........................................................................................... 2 1) The apprehension of the facts of the case.................................................................................................. 2 2) The working out of the question of the case ............................................................................................. 2 3) Brainstorming and comprehension test ..................................................................................................... 3 II. The drawing up of a draft outline .................................................................................................................... 3 III. The systematic solving of the case on the basis of the draft outline ................................................................ 4 1) Early focusing on the main topics, examination of the case, time management ....................................... 4 2) Examination schemes ................................................................................................................................ 4 3) Auxiliary expertises .................................................................................................................................. 5 4) Literature research .................................................................................................................................... 6 IV. The writing down ............................................................................................................................................ 6 1) No start of the writing down before the case is completely solved ........................................................... 6 2) Rigorous focusing on the main problems in the final product ................................................................... 7 3) Exact reasoning, comprehensible line of thoughts, analytical style of writing .......................................... 7 4) Case-oriented discussion of scientific disputes ......................................................................................... 8 5) Objective style of writing .......................................................................................................................... 9 V. The final check .............................................................................................................................................. 10


The article presents Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control for an AC/DC converter with a LCL filter. The extended cost function J is responsible for the adjustment of controlled values. An important issue raised in the article is the impact of dead time on the prediction of controlled values. The negative impact of dead time results in an increased THD of the grid current. The article proposes an algorithm correcting the impact of dead time which was confirmed by the results of Matlab-Simulink simulations and laboratory tests.


Abstract : Using NRL's mist flammability test apparatus, several commercial samples of 40% water-in-oil emulsions (fire-resistant hydraulic fluids) were screened for fire resistancy. The term 'fire-resistancy' relates to specific flammability test conditions. For comparison purposes, two other commercial fire-resistant hydraulic fluids were screened viz., a water-glycol solution and a phosphate ester. The Navy's currently used petroleum-type hydraulic fluid, 2190-TEP, was employed as the reference fluid. At the most severe conditions investigated (i.e., spray disk tangential velocity of 67.8 m/s, and fluid flow rate of 850 ml/min), none of the fire-resistant hydraulic fluids exhibited ignition leading to propagation in the presence of the propane test flame, indicating fire resistancy under these conditions. Under identical operating conditions, 2190-TEP exhibited gross ignition with propagation of flame ranging from 180 deg. to 360 deg. around the spinning disk, indicating it to be a potential fire hazard. The physical and chemical characteristics of the 40% water-in-oil emulsions suggest that this class of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids may be suitable replacement candidates for 2190-TEP. These promising results therefore warrant further study.


All the types of actuators and associated operators used in booster, upper stage, and spacecraft propulsion and reaction-control systems except for chemical-explosive actuators and turbine actuators are discussed. Discussion of static and dynamic seals, mechanical transmission of motion, and instrumentation is included to the extent that actuator or operator design is affected. Selection of the optimum actuator configuration is discussed for specific application which require a tradeoff study that considers all the relevant factors: available energy sources, load capacity, stroke, speed of response, leakage limitations, environmental conditions, chemical compatibility, storage life and conditions, size, weight, and cost. These factors are interrelated with overall control-system design evaluations that are beyond the scope of this monograph; however, literature references are cited for a detailed review of the general considerations. Perinent advanced-state-of-the-art design concepts are surveyed briefly.


The basic principle of OFDM is explained.The creation process of OFDM simulation system is showed step by step.From the basic model of simulation OFDM modulation and demodulation technology to the model of expanded manner of the whole simulation OFDM relative technology,those are all seriously presented.


Based on the tests of reinforced concrete waffl e slabs supported by c orner columns of panels, eight possible failure models of the waffle slabs were provided. The formulas of ultimate loads for the models were deduced, and the va l ues of ultimate loads for the models could be calculated if the dimensions of th e slabs and reinforcement areas were given. The model, which corresponds to t he minimum value of ultimate loads, is the true failure model. A reinforced conc rete waffle slab supported by corner columns of panels, which had two equal spans an d area of 5.46 m×10.92 m, were tested under short-term uniformly distribu ted loads, and the calculation values were compared with the test values. 


The formation of polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs)-based layer-by-layer multilayer ultrathin films on charged surfaces prepared from water and phosphate buffer solutions has been investigated. The multilayer films prepared under these conditions showed different surface roughness. Nanoscale islands and network structures were observed homogeneously on the multilayer film prepared from pure water solutions, which is attributing to the ultrahydrobic property of the multilayer film. The formation of nanoscale islands and network structures was due to the aggregation of PDMS-based polyelectrolytes in water. This work provides a facile approach for generating ultrahydrophobic thin films on any charged surfaces by PDMS polyelectrolytes.


When I suggested the above title for this article, my intention was to pursue further a question I had raised in earlier writings: that of the relationship between narrative form and the construction/reception of cultural identity as it appears in Asian-American writing. I will still address this question, but from a perspective that foregrounds the relationship between literature and history. The discussion is restricted to issues thrown up by the appropriations, denials and subversions of history in literary work; most importantly in the blurring of distinctions between fiction and history. The question of the relationship between history and literature, I argue below, is not an academic question of disciplinary boundaries, a question of scholarly versus creative work, or an abstract question of culture; it is most importantly a political question, as it compels attention to the fundamental issue of the implication of writing in configuring the boundaries between the public and the private. Ethnic or transnational literatures present a challenge not only to historical ways of thinking, but also to the ways in which we have organized the study of the world in terms of nations, areas and regions. While the challenge is to be welcomed for forcing a rethinking of history and its complicity in power, those who would dismiss history, celebrate the blurring of the boundaries between fiction and history, or simply privilege literary over historical constructions of identity, often overlook the indispensable critical insights compelled by a consciousness of historicity. The blur-


To solve the key escrow and low performance in traditional Identity-Based Encryption(IBE),hierarchical identify-based encryption(HIBE) with hiberarchy use the Private Key Generator to figure-identity,data encryption and digital-underwriting.Aiming at the network security in educational administration,the scheme based on hiberarchy Identity-Based Encryption is adopted in the system,which take the HIBE as core,using the methods such as treating the random character string as general code,elliptic curve difficulty encryption and setting hierarchical encryption server,etc.,to simplify the consumer-attestation,prevent data from leaking and improve the system efficiency.PBC codebase and C program are used to realize the hiberarchy model and the results show that the scheme is available and effective.


The problems of the defense industry occupy the most important place in the constantly developing modern world. The daily development of defense technology does not stop, nor do studies on internal ballistics. The scientists of the whole world are faced with the task of managing the main characteristics of a ballistic experiment. The main characteristics of the ballistic experiment are the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber Pmax and the projected velocity at the time of barrel leaving UM. During the work the combustion law of the new high-energy fuel was determined in a ballistic experiment for different initial temperatures. This combustion law was used for a parametric study of depending Pmax and UM from a powder charge mass and a traveling charge was carried out. The optimal conditions for loading were obtained for improving the initial velocity at pressures up to 600 MPa for different initial temperatures. In this paper, one of the most promising schemes of throwing is considered, as well as a method for increasing the muzzle velocity of a projected element to 3317 m/s.The problems of the defense industry occupy the most important place in the constantly developing modern world. The daily development of defense technology does not stop, nor do studies on internal ballistics. The scientists of the whole world are faced with the task of managing the main characteristics of a ballistic experiment. The main characteristics of the ballistic experiment are the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber Pmax and the projected velocity at the time of barrel leaving UM. During the work the combustion law of the new high-energy fuel was determined in a ballistic experiment for different initial temperatures. This combustion law was used for a parametric study of depending Pmax and UM from a powder charge mass and a traveling charge was carried out. The optimal conditions for loading were obtained for improving the initial velocity at pressures up to 600 MPa for different initial temperatures. In this paper, one of the most promising schemes of throwing is considered, as well as a...


Abstract In industrial processes such as steel making, it is often important to suppress the dispersion of end-product quality; this motivates a control problem of probability density functions (PDFs) representing the uncertainty in the state of dynamical systems. The time evolution of a PDF of the state is governed by a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) with a finite-dimensional control input. As a practical control method for the nonlinear PDE, receding horizon control (model predictive control) is applied, and several numerical examples are shown in this paper.


The glandular stomach of living rats was examined by X-ray to diagnose malignant tumors produced by administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Tumorous lesions were detected in two cases using a specially designed X-ray method. Lesions were diagnosed by observation of filling defects and irregularity of the wall or mucosal abnormalities. This method should be applicable in studies on the growth of experimentally produced gastric cancer in rats.


The death of Dr. William Whitelaw removes one of the most conspicuous and most highly respected figures from a wide district which has for its centre the town of Kirkintilloch, the scene alike of his birth, in July, 1836, and of his professional career, which extended over forty-eight years. Dr. Whitelaw studied at Glasgow University, where he graduated M.D. as far back as 1861. He became a Licentiate of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow in the same year, and a Fellow in 1871, and took his Diploma in Public Health in 1889. After settling at Kirkintilloch he acquired a fine practice among all classes of the community, and was highly esteemed as a physician and a friend. Dr. Whitelaw was a great reader, and in college days was on the reporting staff of the Scotsman. He was a frequent and valued contributor to this Journal, particularly as a reviewer of books dealing with the more general and philosophical aspects of medicine. He became Medical Officer of Health for Kirkintilloch in 1877, and among his other appointments were those of Visiting Physician to the Broomhill Home for Incurables, the Lantine Home for Consumptives, and the Lenzie Convalescent Home. He was also a Justice of the Peace for Dumbartonshire. Dr. Whitelaw went to Crieff this year for his summer holidays. Both before and after going there he had occasional slight attacks of syncope, but he appeared to be free from pain or other evidence of ill-health up to the moment when he died suddenly in his bed on the morning of the 20th of last month. In 1903, Dr. Whitelaw lost a son, Dr. Thomas B. Whitelaw, who died shortly after commencing practice near Manchester. Another son, Dr. Robert G. Whitelaw, is in practice in Kirkintilloch.


Abstract We investigated the ability of the pupal parasitoidPimpla turionellaeto find a simulated host (cigarette filters) hidden within paper cylinders. A pronounced concentration of ovipositor insertions on the concealed filter demonstrated the ability of the parasitoid to locate hidden hosts in the absence of chemical and visual cues. On the basis of laser–Doppler vibrometer studies, we assume that the parasitoid uses self-produced vibrations to locate the filter within the paper cylinder. Parasitoids showed this ability with cylinders made out of 17, 48, and 80 g paper. However, the total number of ovipositor insertions decreased with increasing paper weight. Based on these results, we propose that ovipositor insertion byP. turionellaemight be induced by the contrast in resonance between hollow and solid sections of the substrate, rather than by the solidity of the substrate as such. We discuss this form of vibrational sounding as an additional solution to the reliability–detectability problem faced by host seeking (pupal) parasitoids.


DNA topoisomerase inhibitors, camptothecin and 4′‐demethylepipodophyllotoxin ethylidene‐jS‐D‐glucoside (VP16) had strong differentiation‐inducing activity for all five kinds of leukemia cells examined (human HL60, U937, ML1, and K562 cells and mouse Ml cells) as judged from measurements of various differentiation markers. The characteristics that appeared as a result of differentiation induced by these inhibitors were essentially similar in every cell line. Exposure to VP16 for 2 h induced both differentiation and DNA‐strand breaks in K562 cells, whereas podophyl‐lotoxin, which lacks topoisomerase II inhibitory activity, induced neither differentiation nor DNA‐strand breaks in these cells. These results suggest a parallelism between the induction of differentiation and that of DNA‐strand breaks. The combination of VP16 and recomhinant tumor necrosis factor α (rTNFα) synergistically induced differentiation of human U937, ML1, and M1 cells and had an additive effect on HL60 cells. Simultaneous treatment with rTNFa plus camptothecin or VP16, or pretreatment with camptothecin or VP16, followed by rTNFα induced marked differentiation of Ml cells. These results indicate that inhibition of topoisomerase (either topoisomerase I or II) followed by the action of rTNFα was effective in inducing differentiation of leukemia cells.


The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) prevents the entrance of circulating molecules and immune cells into the central nervous system. The barrier is formed by specialized brain endothelial cells that are interconnected by tight junctions (TJ). A defective function of the BBB has been described for a variety of neuroinflammatory diseases, indicating that proper regulation is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly contribute to BBB dysfunction and inflammation in the brain by enhancing cellular migration. However, a detailed study about the molecular mechanism by which ROS alter BBB integrity has been lacking. Here we demonstrate that ROS alter BBB integrity, which is paralleled by cytoskel‐eton rearrangements and redistribution and disappearance of TJ proteins claudin‐5 and occludin. Specific signaling pathways, including RhoA and PI3 kinase, mediated observed processes and specific inhibitors of these pathways prevented ROS‐induced monocyte migration across an in vitro model of the BBB. Interestingly, these processes were also mediated by protein kinase B (PKB/ Akt), a previously unknown player in cytoskeleton and TJ dynamics that acted downstream of RhoA and PI3 kinase. Our study reveals new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying BBB regulation and provides novel opportunities for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.—Schreibelt, G., Kooij, G., Reijerkerk, A., van Doorn, R., Gringhuis, S. I., van der Pol, S., Weksler, B. B., Romero, I. A., Couraud, P.‐O., Piontek, J., Blasig, I. E., Dijkstra, C. D., Ronken, E., de Vries, H. E. Reactive oxygen species alter brain endothelial tight junction dynamics via RhoA, PI3 kinase and PKB signaling. FASEB J. 21, 3666–3676 (2007)


Apply the highest matchingdegree first method for fuzzy reasoning,take object oriented senior language instead of traditional artificial intelligence language,develop a fault diagnosis expert system based on a fuzzy theory.This system have been applied in the fault diagonosis of the large steel plant's fan.


In recent years the older persons in Korea are living longer than ever before and in greater numbers than previously experienced with advances in medical research, nutrition, and health care. But reported cases of elder abuse are increasing as older persons live longer. The older person might be easily subjected to being a pray of the crimes more than the younger, because the older person usually is becoming weaker and weaker gradually. The older persons are usually reluctant to report the elder abuse, because the perpetrator of abuse is a member of their family in many cases. In those cases older victims are afraid of being broken off from the family members for his or her abuse report. In some cases older victims are not able to report the abuse, because the older victims suffer from physical and cognitive disabilities. In these situations there are considerable difficulties in detecting and punishing the abusers as well as in supporting the older victims. The perpetrator of elder abuse is usually subjected to the criminal sanctions. Through the criminal sanctions the criminal justeice system aims to detect the abusers and to reform and rehabilitate them. But in that way there is no place to help and support the old victims. The elder abusing situation recurs again, because the elders who suffered from mistreatment remain in the same circumstances or same places including the health care facility and home. In that way there would be no problem solving against the elder abuse. In order to cope with the elder abuse appropriately, it is necessary to raise up the reliability of the criminal justice system and to ensure a more sufficient support for older victims. It is also necessary to construct a integrated support system for elders, which deals the elder abuse case, offers medical care for elder abuse victims and advises to elders who care about the financial exploitation problems. For example, this kind of victim support system might provide the medical care for the old peoples in sufferings and might also advise to elders for preventing the exploitations of their property. In order to build effective elder support system, the cooperation of voluntary participants from the various social sphere including lawyers, medical doctors, psychologist, counselor and financial accountant is also necessary.


Environ. Contarn. Toxieol.• 59, 861. Scott, P.K.; Finley, B.L.; Harris, M.A.; and Rabbe, D.E. (1997) Background Air Concentration of Cr(VI) in Hudson County, New Jersey: Implications for Setting Health-Based Standards for Cr(VI) in Soil. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 47,592. Scott, P.K.; Finley, B.L.; Sung, H.M.; Schulze, R.H.; and Turner, D.B. (1997) Identification of an Accurate Soil Suspension/Dispersion Modeling Method for Use in Estimating Health-Based Soil Cleanup Levels of Hexavalent Chromium in Chromite Ore Processing Residues. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 47, 753. Shackelford, e.D., and Glade, M.1. (1997) Analytical Mass Leaching Model for Contaminated Soil and Soil Stabilized Water. Ground Water, 35, 233. Shen, H., and Nikolaidis, N.P. (1997) A Direct Substitution Method for Multicomponent Solute Transport in Ground Water. Ground Water, 35,67. Sims, J.T.; Cunningham, S.D.; and Sumner, M.E. (1997) Assessing Soil Quality for Environmental Purposes: Roles and Challenges for Soil Scientists. J. Environ. Qual., 26, 20. Soesilo, J.A., and Wilson, S.R. (1997) Site Remediation Planning and Management. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Fla., 432. Staudinger, 1.; Oralkan, G.A.; Levitt, R.E.; and Roberts, P.V. (1997) The Haztimater Knowledge-Based (Expert) System: Providing Design and Time/Cost Estimates for Hazardous Waste Remediation. Environ. Progress, 16, 82. Stillwell, D.E., and Gorny, K.D. (1997) Contamination of Soil with Copper, Chromium, and Arsenic under Decks Built from Pressure Treated Wood. Bull. Environ. Contarn. Toxieo/., 58, 22. Streck, T., and Richter, J. (1997) Heavy Metal Displacement in a Sandy Soil at the Field Scale: II. Modeling. J. Environ. Qual., 26, 56. Swanson, M.B.; Davis, G.A.; Kincaid, L.E.; Schurltz, T.W., Barmess, J.E, Jones, S.A.; and George, E.L. (1997) A Screening Method for Ranking and Screening Chemicals by Potential Human Health and Environmental Impacts. Environ. Toxieol. Chern., 16, 372. Tao, S., and Liang, T. (1997) Long-Term Monitoring of Bioavailab]e Copper in the Aquatic Environment Using a Resin-Filled Dialysis Membrane; Bull. Environ. Contarn. Toxieol., 58, 712.