Dubing the past quarter, two vacancies on the Board of Lunacy Commissioners have occurred; one occasioned by the retirement of Dr. Turner, and the second by the death of Mr. Mylne, the barrister. Dr. Turner's unfortunate infirmity of sight was considered materially to interfere with his usefulness and the efficient performance of his duties ; and, consequently, it was considered necessary that he should vacate his official position, if not to a better man, at least to one who had a perfect use of his visual powers. Dr. Turner was much esteemed by all who had an opportunity of witnessing the unvarying gentlemanly urbanity, kindness, and tact with which he uniformly performed the duties assigned to him as one of the Medical Commissioners in Lunacy. He always exhibited great judgment in the exercise of his responsible functions; and whenever he had suggestions to make with reference to the domestic conduct of lunatic asylums, or the treatment of those confined in institutions licensed for the care and treatment of the insane, it was done with great gentlemanly discrimination , and with a kind and delicate consideration and regard for the feelings of others. Although exercising great authority, and armed with stringent legal powers, he had the good taste never to let others feel that they were in a position subordinate to himself. His loss will be, on this account, severely felt. His great experience in the investigation of cases of insanity much enhanced the value of his opinion on all occasions, and gave undeniable confidence in his judgment .


This poster was presented at the University of Pretoria, Health Sciences Faculty Day, 20 August 2008, Pretoria, South Africa. This poster was also presented at the following conferences in South Africa: South African Academy: Biological Sciences, 2-3 October 2008, Pretoria; CANSA Cancer Research in Action, 20-22 August 2008, Johannesburg; Physiological Society of Southern Africa (PSSA), 16-19 September 2008, Pretoria.


Judicial polarization is an important but underexplored aspect of judicial behavior. This analysis uses a gamut of measures to assess polarization on the Supreme Court across chief justice and jurisprudential regimes. I examine individual justice polarization and ideological extremity over full tenures on the Court and also how Court polarization is responsive to polarization in coordinate institutions. I find mixed evidence of greater polarization in the abortion rights regime. I find strong evidence of increasing Court polarization concomitant with congressional and presidential polarization since the 1950s across chief justice regimes. Court polarization is responsive to polarization in coordinate institutions. I do not find that individual justices become more polarized over time. Justices shift ideologically over their careers, and this shift is on average to the Left. These findings are robust across multiple specifications of the models and multiple alternative measurements, controlling for other factors which might influence polarization.


Indonesia has many kinds of mangrove but they have not been widely utilized as health food and medicinal products because of the limited information and research on the content of bioactive compounds in the mangroves. One of the mangrove species that are found in the Bontang mangrove forest, East Kalimantan is R. apiculata . It is used as fuel, building materials, shipbuilding, and as traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the class of secondary metabolites compounds and the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of R. apiculata mangrove roots. The extraction was performed by maceration method using methanol solvent. Secondary metabolites compounds class in the mangrove sample was determined qualitatively by using several phytochemical reagents. Antibacterial test against E. coli and S. aureus were performed using diffusion method with various concentration of the roots-mangrove methanol extract of 500, 250, and 125 ug/well. Incubation was performed in various time of 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Phytochemical test results showed that the roots-mangrove methanol extract of R. apiculata contained secondary metabolites classes of alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids. The extract does not inhibit the growth of E. coli , but it could inhibit the growth of S. aureus at 500 ug / well with incubation time of 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours and have inhibition zones of 7.95 mm, 8.3 mm, 8.0 mm, and 7.0 mm, respectively. At a concentration of 250 ug/ well with an incubation time of 48 hours has a 7.5 mm of inhibition zone. Those inhibitions are relatively weak category.


The purpose of this work, is to evaluate the moisture diffusion coefficient of potato during convective drying. Two models of diffusion have been performed to evaluate that coefficient. The first one based on Fick's law, when a model fitting procedure was applied to experimental drying data. The diffusion coefficient was found to vary with air temperature and also increase with the thickness of slab at a constant air temperature level. The second model consists of solving numerically the equation of conservation of mass of both solid and liquid phase. The shrinkage phenomenon is taken into account as a fundamental part of the drying operation by the introduction of the velocity of the dry solid. The diffusion coefficient is identified by the minimization of the gap between the simulated drying kinetics curves and those obtained experimentally in the same experimental conditions.


Internet use has become a common phenomenon of interest among students all over the world. Hence the study investigated Internet addiction among undergraduates in universities in Delta State, Nigeria. Three research questions were answered and one hypothesis tested. The descriptive survey design was employed for this study. The population of the study is 43,500 undergraduates in three universities in Delta State. The sample size for this study is 500. The questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Data were analyzed using frequency, statistical mean and z-test statistics. Findings from the study revealed that the undergraduates engaged in information searching and usage of social media on the Internet. It was revealed that the undergraduates spent I hour and above on the Internet in a day. It was also found that the undergraduates exhibited high level of Internet addiction and that there was no significant difference between male and female undergraduates and Internet addiction. The study concluded that undergraduates in universities in Delta State are addicted to the Internet and recommendations were made to facilitate treatment of Internet addicted undergraduates by the universities management.


: The bodies and droppings of the earthworms produce benefits and income. A mature earthworm can breed continuously, and when they exceed their maturity, they can be used as animal feed, and their droppings can be used to increase nutrients in the soil. Humidity and temperature are the two most important factors influencing earthworm development. The automation system uses a microcontroller to detect data and make decisions to control the ventilation fan to decrease temperature and the springer system to increase moisture in the bedding basin. The internet of things is used to monitor and send a manual control signal to the culturing system via the mobile phone. The experiment compares the traditional and control environments using culture. The controlled temperature is between 28 °C and 32 °C, and the controlled moisture is between 75% and 80%. The results show the weight of the controlled culturing process is higher than the traditional culturing process at 27.66%. The length of the controlled culturing process is longer than the traditional culturing process at 9.89%. And the weight of the total earthworm droppings in the control experiment had a higher value than the traditional experiment at 5.08%.


Since the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94142) nearly two decades ago, the focus of special education for individual students with learning disabilities (LD) has shifted from an emphasis on what and how to teach to an emphasis on where to teach. Discussions of practice used to be about individually prescribed instruction typically delivered outside of the general education classroom; discussions of practice these days are about grouporiented interventions or accommodations delivered within general education classrooms. Preservice teacher preparation in the 1970s stressed competencies in diagnostic-prescriptive teaching (Lerner, 1971) or response-contingent instruction (Zigmond, Vallecorsa, & Silverman, 1982) and the development of individually tailored instructional plans implemented one-to-one in resource rooms or self-contained classes (Faas, 1980). During the 1980s, it was common practice to administer elaborate assessments of students with LD, using both formal and informal tests, to document skill deficiencies in language, academic, and social domains, and to provide a carefully sequenced plan of remedial instruction, oneto-one or in very small groups, to correct the deficiencies. By the 1990s, however, we are being challenged to rethink special education services to students with LD, to abandon pull-out, diagnostic-prescriptive skill building, and to return students more completely to general education settings while delivering whatever specially designed instruction is needed within the confines of the general education class. Many practitioners and university faculty have responded to the gauntlet thrown down by Will (1986) in her call for a new vision of services for students with LD. The public school programs we described in the preceding cases all represent variations on the theme of including students with LD completely, or almost completely, in general education classrooms. In these case studies, we have tried to describe the richness of these variations. We have reported how inclusion operates from the perspective of the adults in each school by describing the roles and responsibilities of the various actors in the process of educating students with LD. But we have also paid particular attention to what the specific educational program feels like and looks like from the perspective of the individual student


2706 Previously, our lab has shown that low-level nitric oxide (NO), via activation of the cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway, plays a key role in preventing spontaneous apoptosis and protecting against toxin-induced apoptosis in a variety of mammalian cells, including neural cells, pancreatic islets and various tumor cells (e.g. human ovarian cancer cells). In contrast, hyper-stimulation of cGMP/PKG by high-level NO causes induction of apoptosis in certain cells (e.g. endothelial cells, pancreatic islets and colon cancer cells). Thus, NO has a dichotomous role in regulating apoptosis that depends on the level of NO exposure. Although high-level activation of cGMP/PKG causes apoptosis in endothelial cells, the role of low-level/basal cGMP/PKG activation in regulating endothelial apoptosis has not been elucidated. The present study used SV40-immortalized endothelial cells (SVECs) as a model of tumor angiogenesis and tested the pro-apoptotic/anti-apoptotic effects of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, NO donor) over a large concentration range. ODQ, inhibitor of NO-activated cGMP synthesis, was used to determine the role of endogenous NO-induced cGMP/PKG activation in regulating apoptosis. Levels of apoptosis were quantified by Cell Death Detection ELISA. Low-level NO, generated by SNAP (5, 10 and 50 μM), significantly (P


A concept is reported for long-lasting, high-performance lithium-ion anode with a uniform mixture of simultaneously prepared hierarchical carbon coated single crystal TiO2 nanorod spheres and carbon spheres. Such anodes result in many merits, such as (1) uniform mixing of active materials and conductive materials on micro-size scale, (2) compensation of the volume change by the voids between hierarchically structured TiO2 nanorod spheres, and (3) enhanced electronic conductivity of TiO2.


R. M. Schahfer (nonmember; Northern Indiana Public Service Co., Hammond, Ind.): The authors' method of presenting data on the impulse value of wood alone and in combination with other types of insulators commonly found in transmission lines is new. The graphs accompanying the paper are excellent and are readily applicable for analyzing various structure problems.


University students may not always learn in ways that match those that professors use in their teaching. Third-year students at a small, mainly undergraduate, Canadian university showed a wide variety of approaches when tested with Kolb's (1976) Learning Style Inventory. Students in the Humanities were the most varied, and those in Health Science and Science tended to the practical Active Experimentation (learning by doing) approach. Those in the Sciences often used the data analysis based Strategy of Convergers, especially males, who lived up to their stereotype and seldom used the affective approach of Divergers. Professors' course outlines de-emphasized the Concrete Experience (sensing/feeling) Style and affective based Diverger Strategy far more than students, and often asked for the bottom-up objective evaluation of Reflective Observation, as exemplified by quantitative tests. For both genders and across four Faculties, the diversity of student approaches to learning was the most striking finding.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the biodegradability and performance of organic removal and methane production rate when treating piggery wastewater using a granule of two-phase anaerobic process applied UASB. BMP test was conducted as simple means to monitor relative biodegradability of substrate and to determine methane production of an organic material.The two-phase anaerobic process is consisted of a continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR) for the acidification phase and an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor (UASB) for the methanogenesis. The acidogenic reactor played key roles in reducing the periodically applied shock-loading and in the acidification of the influent organics. A stable maximum biogas production rate was 400mL. The methane contents ranged from 73 to 80% during the experimental period. It is known that most of the removed organic matter was converted to methane gas, and the produced biogas might be high quality for its subsequent use.


The invention relates to a method for protecting an electrically actuated parking brake, characterized by the steps of: monitoring a relevant for the correct operation of the parking brake operation quantity, determining if the operating parameter exceeds a predetermined threshold, and prompting the driver depending on the value of the operating variable, a perform certain action, wherein said action comprises the engagement of the gear or the actuation of the service brake. Furthermore, the invention relates to a control device for performing the method described.


This study is about search for love in The Young Victoria movie (2009). This objective of the study is to apply the Existentialist approach to analyze search for love in The Young Victoria movie. The technique of analyzing data is descriptive and uses method of documentation. The writer uses Sartre's major point of Existentialism to answer the problem of the study. The type of study is descriptive qualitative research whose data are taken from two data sources: primary and secondary. The study comes to the following conclusion. Firstly, based on the structural
analysis of each elements, it shows that the character and characterization, plot, setting, point of view, theme, casting, mise-en-scene, cinematography, sound, and editing are related one another. Second, based on the existentialist analysis, human has different existences which based on different being, choice, anxiety and etc. Human has a freedom to choose and takes responsibility for his choice. The responsibility makes human feel anxiety. Jean Marc Valle shows the struggle from Victoria in searching her love. The Director tries to show the moral value, that human must do some efforts to get his love without sacrifices their obligation. It means that everything must be balanced and human must takes responsibility not only for himself but also for the whole humanity.


There exists contemporarily over 70 million people forced into displacement, which is historically the highest the world has seen, making aid for humanitarian crises more necessary than ever. This paper aims at a formulation for a basic theoretical model, within the Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) framework, that can be used in to make predictions about refugee migration-decision making processes. Some of the models existing are reviewed, serving as a reference for assumptions and choices made in the model presented here. Following which the model is described in the form of a cost-benefit evaluation problem along with the assumptions it makes. The model has no explicit analytic solution but can be employed by way of computerized simulations. Owing to a dearth of the requisite data to run simulations, the model was not simulated within this paper. Extensions to the model are discussed, as well as the challenges associated with modelling phenomena using ABMs.


Statement of Problem: Identification of victims in accidents, under state of unconsciousness and scenario of natural calamity poses a great problem. A mistaken identification results in serious consequences at a later time. Denture labelling would greatly reduce the labor intensive work in the process of identification of individuals. Aim: This survey was undertaken to assess the extent of awareness prevailing among dentists regarding denture labelling and to determine the extent of denture labelling in day to day clinical practice. Materials and Method: A written questionnaire was prepared, with a set of 14 questions. Questionnaires were distributed to different groups of dentistsInterns, General dental practitioners, Prosthodontic specialist, other specialist in the dental colleges in Namakkal district. The subjects were also catergorized into those with ≤ 5 years of practice and those with > 5 years of practice. The response from the dentists were collected and analyzed. Results: Statistical analysis was done using Pearson chi square test. Above 50% of dentists were aware of the term, above 80% of dentists were unaware of methods of labelling and 100% of dentists were not practicing it. Conclusion: A significant amount of dentists were aware of denture labelling, but none of them were practicing it. Lack of knowledge was the reason for it. There is a need for taking necessary steps to include denture labelling in the syllabus, constructing guidelines and thereby improving awareness. Thereby it could be incorporated in day to day practice which will be of greater significance in individual identification.


Objective:To investigate the impact of oral hydration or venous hydration on the concentration of urinary β2microglobulin in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Method:Ninety patients with contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN) were randomly divided into oral hydration group,who was treated with drinking water 1 500 ml from 6 h before PCI to 6 h after PCI,and venous hydration group,who was treated with 0.9% Sodium chloride at same time.The two groups receive the test of urinary β2 microglobulin at 0 and 6 h,24 h,48 h,and 72 h after PCI,respectively.Result:The concentrations of the urinary β2-microglobulin at 48 h and 72 h after the surgery were higher than in before surgery(P0.05).However,there were no statistic differences in urinary β2-microglobulin at different time for the two groups.Conclusion:The urinary β2-microglobulin is increased at 48 h and 72 h after PCI.Intravenous hydration is no advantage in CIN compared with hydration orally.


Image registration, a technique of alignment of two different images sharing familiar information, is a crucial step in most of image processing applications that needs visual information from numerous images for evaluation or analysis. Four image processing techniques viz. geometric transformation, discrete cosine transform, phase correlation & log polar transform (LPT) for image registration are implemented. However, limitations in terms of implementation of all these operations simultaneously still exist in image registration applications. This paper provides in depth analysis of LPT, its advantages like relevant information to medical practitioner. Log-polar techniques are proposed to address above limitation so that all these operations can be carried out in sink.


Throughout the world, educators, librarians, and publishers are celebrating the year 1940 as the 500th anniversary of printing. As nearly as can be determined, it was in 1440 that Johannes Gutenberg perfected his invention, probably in Mainz, Germany. Here in the New World we have two additional anniversaries of printing to celebrate this year. Just 400 years ago, in 1540, the first printing press in this hemisphere was set up at Mexico City. A century later, in 1640, the first printing press in the English colonies was established in what is now Cambridge, Massachusetts. To Gutenberg and his successors we owe an incalculable debt. The book has always been the backbone of civilization. But for thousands of years books were beyond the reach of all except a privileged few. In Gutenberg's boyhood a fine book might sell for a thousand dollars. In those days an elector of Bavaria offered to exchange an entire town for one volume which was cherished in a monastery library, but the monks refused his offer. Thanks to Gutenberg, even finer books are today within the reach of any schoolboy's purse. Public education became possible when printing was invented. Without books education is impossible except in the most rudimentary stages, because in no other way can a concise and permanent record of human experience be diffused. The record of books is concise and efficient because it is abstract and symbolic rather than pictorial. From a trunkful of well-selected books, a new Robinson Crusoe might reconstruct Western civilization. The pictorial equivalent of that trunkful of books could not be crowded into all the libraries of the world; indeed much of it could not be conveyed in pictures at all. And yet the need to illustrate has been felt ever since books began to be made. Illustration and verbal text are inseparable, however much the proportions of one to the other may vary. The illustration presents directly to our senses something concrete and specific; the text identifies, explains, or provides a background of generalization. The history of bookmaking is a history of the art of illustration. Most medieval books were illustrated; the amount and kind of illustration depended upon the skill of the copyist. Printing and engraving marched together. Before the end of the fifteenth century, printed books profusely illustrated with woodcuts began to appear. In 1657 the Czech Comenius published the first illustrated schoolbook, his Orbis Pictus, or Visible World, a Latin phrase book. The Orbis Pictus was translated into fourteen languages, remained popular for a century, and had many imitators. What impresses the present-day reader about the illustrated 420 CJuly


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop and appraise an oral health literacy assessment tool for upper elementary school students.
Methods: Twenty-eight preliminary assessment items were developed on the basis of various types of oral health education literature for children. They contained verbal and functional sections and they were classified into 2 cognitive processes (literal and inferential). The questionnaires were analyzed using the testAn v.1.0 program for identified Cronbach`s a, item discrimination, and difficulty through classical test theory. A final evaluation tool was developed and selected by conducting three surveys and 20 items.
Results: The final survey was completed by 132 fifth and sixth grade elementary school students in Seoul. The Cronbach`s a value, item discrimination, and difficulty were .71, .38, and .75, respectively. The mean score for oral health literacy of children was 14.9 (±3.2, theoretical range: 0-20, 75% correct answers).
Conclusions: These results suggest that this tool could be relied on to help determine the level of oral health literacy in children and in preparing appropriate oral health education programs for children.


Plate-like negative pressure sheet 3 is provided with a base plate 4 and the conductive groove sheet 5 and the nonwoven fabric laminate layer 6 and the surface layer material 7. Receiving plate (4) is a member serving as a base of the plate-like negative pressure sheet (3). In addition, the conductive groove sheet 5 is a member disposed on the outside of the base plate 4, a negative pressure conduction grooves 8 on the surface thereof are formed. Plate-like negative pressure sheet 3, the strip (2) the negative pressure in tongpan direction and substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the conductive groove 8 is formed of, is shown to produce a negative pressure to the ends of the plate-like negative pressure sheet (3).


This study explores how Latino first grade students develop mathematical problem solving and communication in their native language. Problem types came from Cognitively Guided Instruction (Carpenter et al. 1999) and were embedded in students' cultural and linguistic experiences. Findings show students solved a wide range of CGI problems and developed confidence, flexibility, and sophistication in their strategies and explanations. Problem solving and communication are at the center of reform mathematics education (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2000). Word problems embedded in culturally and linguistically familiar situations allow young children to use what they know about the world to make sense of mathematics and learn with understanding immigrant children in U.S. schools deal with issues of culture, class, and language that affect their opportunities for full participation in problem solving activities (Trueba, 1999). This study explores what first grade, Spanish-speaking, Latino immigrant students can accomplish when they have repeated opportunities to solve problems and communicate their thinking in a native-language learning environment. Specifically, we show how children talk, draw, and write about word problems based in familiar contexts. Problem types used for the study were Research Design and Methods Researchers and teachers collaborated to design and implement problem solving lessons in two first-grade bilingual classrooms. For a period of one year we engaged in co-teaching mathematics lessons in Spanish with the purpose of developing students' problem solving strategies and their abilities to communicate their mathematical reasoning. In these lessons we worked with the teachers to contextualize word problems for young students (Carpenter et al., 1999). Two bilingual first grade classes from an elementary school in a city in the Southwestern United States participated in the study. The school population is identified as Hispanic 86.3%, Native American 6.4%, Anglo 4.3%, African American 1.5%, Asian 0.8%, and other 0.9%. The majority of the students in this school speak Spanish, come from low socioeconomic backgrounds, are Mexican immigrants, and 99.1% of the students receive free or reduced price meals. Data were collected on a purporsefully selected group of eight focal students, two boys and six girls. The criteria to select the students were: 1) they had participated in a CGI problem solving study the previous year (Turner, Celedón-Pattichis, Marshall & Tennison, in press), and 2) their first grade teachers agreed to receive classroom-based professional development on the CGI approach to teaching mathematics.


Heritage, and particularly monumental heritage, is a fragile resource, of non-renewable nature. The conservation of the heritage must be dedicated to its use, therefore it will have to be a responsible use (with criteria of sustained development), so that present use does not exhaust the future use. This is the approach applied in the management of Altamira. The replica of the cave of Altamira is a high quality alternative to the visit to the original one, that doesn't just concern to its conservation, but allows its knowledge with absolute fidelity as well: it is based on the scientific soundness and an original museologic concept. The management of the cave of Altamira is not just based on scientific terms, because undoubtedly it also has symbolic, social and tourist implications that introduce it into leisure industries with a notable positive impact in their regional economic environment.


This paper concerns the problem of accurate determination of ray-theory attributes (traveltimes, paraxial rays, polarization, wavefront curvature, re ectivity) when the model parameters are perturbed. Also, the null space of the rst-order derivative functions is analysed. Accurate ray perturbation calculations and study of the null space prior to inversion are used in regularizing the inversion process and in optimal acquisition design. To represent anisotropy in these studies, an increased number of model parameters is required, compared to isotropy.


The invention discloses an abrasion-proof low-frictional-resistance roll journal. Journals are arranged at two ends of a roll body, and groove structures for storing lubricating oil are arranged on the surfaces of the journals. The invention further discloses a production process of the abrasion-proof low-frictional-resistance roll journal. The production process includes the steps: (1) preparing a blank of a roll; (2) subjecting the roll to thermal refining; (3) subjecting the roll journals to rough machining; (4) performing accurate grinding for the roll journals; (5) texturing the roll journal surfaces by Nd:YAG pulse laser to form the evenly distributed groove structures; and (6) removing processing burr. The rigidity of lubricating oil films of the roll journals is enhanced by the groove structures for storing the lubricating oil, accordingly, the thicknesses of the lubricating oil films are increased, frictional resistance and abrasion in the condition of mixed lubrication of mechanical friction pairs are reduced, abrasion between each roll journal and a bearing is reduced, the service life is prolonged, and cost is reduced.


The correct prediction of heart disease can prevent life threats, and incorrect prediction can prove to be fatal at the same time. In this paper machine learning algorithm is applied to compare the results and analysis of primary dataset. The dataset consists of 46 attributes among these Information gain is used to select 24 features for performing the analysis. Various promising results are achieved and are validated using accuracy and confusion matrix. The dataset consists of some irrelevant features which are handled and data are also normalized for getting better results. Using machine learning approach, 77.78% accuracy was obtained. Multiple linear regressions are used to construct and validate the prediction system. Our experimental result shows that multiple linear regressions are suitable for modelling and predicting cholesterol.


Cultural heritage analysis from a geographical viewpoint is driven by the close link which exists between societies and their territories. This is because an inhabited space produces events and symbols which are translated directly onto the territory. Geography becomes a key discipline in the interpretation of space by means of patrimonial assets, given that the general population defines itself by, and seeks explanations of, the territory in which it lives. The relationship established between a community and the environment in which it lives explains the formation of its cultural areas. Geography is responsible for the morphological and functional analysis of these cultural areas, or landscapes: landscapes which are the product of relationships which individuals and groups establish with nature, and which integrate the cultural and natural heritage with which the community identifies. The marks and traces which societies leave on geographical spaces are numerous and varied. This has provided a variety of landscape settings determined by the key component. Among the various types of resulting «thematic» landscapes, those which are related to water excel in the Mediterranean territories. Water landscapes are those landscape systems in which water plays a vital role in its origin and architecture, in its dynamics, and in the social and cultural perceptions of the territory. The traditional Mediterranean irrigation systems – recognized through the landscape units of huertas, fertile plains and meadows – are spatial landscape units with undeniable heritage value. On occasion, this value contrasts with their current agricultural production functions, which are often questioned and devalued. The study of agriculture requires a multidisciplinary approach, given the multifunctional nature of this ancient activity. Traditionally agriculture has been studied, above all, as a productive activity – the generation of food and industrial raw materials. Meanwhile the methods employed to consider the significance and functions, have not developed. For decades, Boletín de la As ciación de Geógrafos Españoles N.o 66 2014, págs. 441-444


Researches of public health nursing in Taiwan seldo m iscussed the gaps between policy aspects and pra ctice aspects. This study was designed to explore the pub lic health nurses' opinion on what kind of work con tents they should do in priority and to show the real work con tents they did. Firstly, we used questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and participant observat ion to collect the public health nurses' opinion on what kind of work contents they should do, what kind of role th y should play, what kind of duty they should do, and what kind of training they should receive. Secondly, via Delphi method, 11 experts, in the field of public health nursing, were invited to rank the items collected f rom public health nurses in each type of public hea lt service center by importance and frequency. Descriptive sta tistical analysis and cross tables were used to pro duce results, showing 20 items of the work contents were ranked a s "very important" and "should be executed frequent ly". Among the 20 items, 6 items belonged to the "role c ategory", 5 items belonged to the "duty category", and 9 items belonged to the "routine business category" ( 7 items were regular nursing work; 2 items were non -regular nursing work). To make the public health nurses con currently have both professional knowledge and skil ls, and to enhance their comprehensive ability to promote p eople's health behavior in self-protection, we reco mmend that the focus of future policy of public health nu rsing should be mainly placed on the supplement of human resource and the meeting of education and training eed for primary healthcare staff.


Simple Summary We wanted to investigate the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients with Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), since up to 50% of these patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms and several studies have suggested an association between hematological cancers and IBD. We included ∼8000 patients and ∼80,000 sex- and age-matched, non-MPN comparisons from the general population, and found that MPN patients were two to three times more likely to develop IBD, but the absolute risk of IBD was modest. In addition, MPN patients were also 40% more likely to have a prior diagnosis of IBD. Our results pose intriguing questions about the causal pathways linking MPN and IBD, which may include genetic, treatment-related and immune-mediated factors. Moreover, it shows that abdominal symptoms in MPN patients may not only be caused by an enlarged spleen or treatment side-effects. Conversely, persistent leucocytosis and/or increased platelets in IBD patients may reflect concomitant MPN. Abstract An association between hematological cancers and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has previously been suggested, but the risk of IBD in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is unknown. We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using Danish registries, to estimate the risk of IBD in individuals diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis or unclassifiable MPN during 1994–2013. MPN patients were matched 1:10 with sex- and age-matched comparisons. Everyone was followed until a diagnosis of IBD, death/emigration, or 31 December 2013. The risk of IBD overall and according to MPN subtype was calculated using Cox regression and presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of 8207 MPN patients followed for 45,232 person-years, 80 were diagnosed with IBD (61 ulcerative colitis, 19 Crohn's disease). The rate of IBD per 1000 person-years was 1.8 (95% CI:1.4–2.2) in patients vs. 0.8 (95% CI:0.7–0.8) in comparisons, and the absolute 10-year risk of IBD was 0.8% (95% CI:0.6–1.0) in patients vs. 0.4% (95% CI:0.4–0.5) in comparisons. The HR of IBD was 2.4 (95% CI:2.1–2.9) with similar HRs for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. MPN subtype risks varied from 2.1 (95% CI:1.6–2.7) to 2.8 (95% CI:2.1–3.7). Our unselected cohort study showed a more than 2-fold increased risk of IBD in MPN patients.


(75) Inventors: Rajasekhar Venigalla, Wappingers OTHER PUBLICATIONS Falls, NY (US); James W. Hannah, Prior Art Chemical Processes in Glass Polishing, Cook Ossining, NY (US); Timothy M. L.M., J. of Non-crystalline Solids, vol. 120, pp. 152-171. McCormack, Poughkeepsie, NY (US); A CMP Model Combining Density and Time Dependencies, Robert M. Merkling, Jr., Danbury, CT Taber H. Smith, et al., 1999 CMP-MIC conference proceed (US) ings. Chemical Mechanical Planarization of Microelectronic (73) Assignee: International Business Machines Materials, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Wiley-Interscience Corporation, Armonk, NY (US) publication, by Joseph M. Steigerwald, Shyam P. Murarka, Ronald J. Gutmann, year 1997, pp. 140-147. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 * cited by examiner U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Primary Examiner Jacob K. Ackun, Jr. (21) Appl. No.: 10/711,369 SRA Agent, or Firm—Howard M. Cohn H. Daniel


Global value chain (GVC) participation has been identified as one of the means by which developing countries can attain inclusive growth yet little attention has been paid to it in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Motivated by the dearth of studies on SSA, we investigate the effect of GVC participation on inclusive growth for 19 SSA countries for the period 1991 to 2017, using the system GMM estimator. The results show that GVC participation drives inclusive growth through employment creation. We find that though SSA's foreign value addition is less than its domestic value addition, the former's impact on inclusive growth is higher than that of the latter. We recommend that policymakers support downstream industries to acquire technologies while incentivizing and attracting upstream industries into their countries.


The dependence of the XML markup of a digital document in the ODT format on the tool that was used to create it is considered. Not only specialized tools are used in comparison, but also those that do not directly work with the ODT format to identify the most vulnerable spots. The features of extracting data from the structural elements of the document, such as tables, lists and images, are also described. The implementation of an algorithm for obtaining style attributes used to create a system for automated normative control of digital documents is proposed and described. It is revealed that the non-strict standard of the ODT format led to the dependence of XML markup on the text editor that was used to create the document. And, as a result, to a limited number of tags that can be relied upon when developing document parsing algorithms. However, the task is feasible, as demonstrated in the article. Likewise, the default values, the description of the algorithm for bypassing the document in blocks and structural elements form the basis for preparing data for the subsequent creation of a classifier and automation of the process of normative control. Thus, the algorithm proposed in the article and the analysis of XML markup performed are effective tools for solving the problem of creating an automated document standard control system, and the algorithm has the potential for further improvement.


Simple Summary In the mare, endometrosis is a disease characterized by excessive collagen fibers deposition in the endometrium (uterus inner layer), which is responsible for infertility. The gold standard method for endometrosis evaluation has been endometrial biopsy histopathological classification. The use of blood biomarkers for endometrosis identification would be less invasive, and could provide additional information regarding endometrosis diagnosis and fertility prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to identify possible blood biomarkers for endometrosis diagnosis and fertility assessment on mares. Reproductive examination, endometrial biopsy histopathological classification, and blood collection were performed. Endometrium and serum collagen type I (COL1) and type III (COL3), and hydroxyproline concentrations were determined. In conclusion, serum COL3 concentration might be considered as a potential aid for the diagnosis of endometrosis and fertility prognosis in the mare. In contrast, COL1 and hydroxyproline did not prove to be effective as biomarkers of endometrial fibrosis in this species. Although it is very unlikely that a single blood biomarker could replace a histopathological evaluation, serum COL3 may have clinical applications. Thus, it may be useful to evaluate a group of mares as possible recipients in embryo transfer programs, where performing endometrial biopsies of several mares is not feasible. Abstract Collagen pathological deposition in equine endometrium (endometrosis) is responsible for infertility. Kenney and Doig's endometrial biopsy histopathological classification is the gold standard method for endometrosis evaluation, whereby blood biomarkers identification would be less invasive and could provide additional information regarding endometrosis diagnosis and fertility prognosis. This study aimed to identify blood biomarkers for endometrosis diagnosis (42 mares were used in experiment 1), and fertility assessment (50 mares were used in experiment 2). Reproductive examination, endometrial biopsy histopathological classification (Kenney and Doig) and blood collection were performed. Endometrium and serum collagen type I (COL1) and type III (COL3), and hydroxyproline concentrations were measured (ELISA). Serum COL3 cut-off value of 60.9 ng/mL allowed healthy endometria (category I) differentiation from endometria with degenerative/fibrotic lesions (categories IIA, IIB or III) with 100% specificity and 75.9% sensitivity. This cut-off value enabled category I + IIA differentiation from IIB + III (76% specificity, 81% sensitivity), and category III differentiation from others (65% specificity, 92.3% sensitivity). COL1 and hydroxyproline were not valid as blood biomarkers. Serum COL3 cut-off value of 146 ng/mL differentiated fertile from infertile mares (82.4% specificity, 55.6% sensitivity), and was not correlated with mares' age. Only COL3 may prove useful as a diagnostic aid in mares with endometrial fibrosis and as a fertility indicator.


The treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) still has the problems, such as a high rate of relapse and refractory case. The use of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) appears to be a treatment modality expected to resolve the problem. However, RIT remains underused in a clinical practice setting for B-cell NHL treatment. This study was conducted to find out the treatment potency of RIT in patients with Bcell lymphoma, particularly in indolent or aggressive NHL patients. This literature review was conducted in a systematic review from many kinds of literature published from 2010 to 2020 using keyword combinations, including "radioimmunotherapy", "aggressive lymphoma", "diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "indolent lymphoma", and "follicular lymphoma". Those keywords were entered in the advanced search of Cochrane Library and Pubmed. There were 84 articles collected based on those keywords and among them, only 30 articles containing antibody anti-CD20 fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles reporting the efficacy and safety of RIT as the first-line and consolidation of aggressive and indolent lymphoma were 5 and 11 articles respectively, and as relapsed/refractory treatment were 9 and 5 articles, respectively. Radiopharmaceuticals used were 90Yibritumomab-tiuxetan, 131I-tositumomab, and 131I-rituximab. The conclusion is that RIT, mainly 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan, has shown favorable and safe clinical outcomes for indolent and aggressive B-cell NHL, and it has a greater opportunity of being used as B-cell NHL treatment to improve ORR and overall patient survival in a clinical practice setting.


The epidemiology and clinical outcome of any disease depends on host, environment, and agent factors. In infectious diseases, the exposure to a causative organism is the main prerequisite irrespective of the presence of any of these factors. All the living organisms over period of time adapt to resist their killing by evading immune response through various mechanisms and developing resistance to drugs. To contain the epidemic of infectious diseases such as dermatophytoses, identifying and understanding various factors related to host, environment, and agent are essential. At the same time, it is crucial to analyze whether the clinical failure of antifungal therapy is due to recurrence and/or resistance. The development of any management strategy to treat dermatophytoses must take into account of these factors.


Objective To investigate influence of preventing recurrence formula for UC on P-gp level in colon tissue of ulcerative colitis model in rats.Methods UC model rats were duplicated with TNBS and randomly divided into model control group,west ern medicine group,Chinese medicine group and normal control group.Results After 10 days of treatment,P-gp level of colon organ in both treatment groups were increased significantly(P0.05),but not significantly different(P0.05);after 30 days,the level was increased in west ern medicine group but unchanged in Chinese medicine group(P 0.05);and after 10 days discontinuation,the level in western medicine group was remarkably higher than that in Chinese medicine groups(P0.01).Conclusion The preventing recurrence formula for UC is ef fective to inhibit the expression of P-gp in colon tissue,which can play a role to prevent drugs fast.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of biological processes involved in vascular tissue homeostasis and disease development. The present study assessed the functional contribution of the lncRNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) to atherosclerosis and carotid artery disease. Methods: We profiled differences in RNA transcript expression in patients with advanced carotid artery atherosclerotic lesions from the Biobank of Karolinska Endarterectomies. The lncRNA MIAT was identified as the most upregulated noncoding RNA transcript in carotid plaques compared with nonatherosclerotic control arteries, which was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Results: Experimental knockdown of MIAT, using site-specific antisense oligonucleotides (LNA-GapmeRs) not only markedly decreased proliferation and migration rates of cultured human carotid artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) but also increased their apoptosis. MIAT mechanistically regulated SMC proliferation through the EGR1 (Early Growth Response 1)-ELK1 (ETS Transcription Factor ELK1)-ERK (Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase) pathway. MIAT is further involved in SMC phenotypic transition to proinflammatory macrophage-like cells through binding to the promoter region of KLF4 and enhancing its transcription. Studies using Miat–/– and Miat–/–ApoE–/– mice, and Yucatan LDLR–/– mini-pigs, as well, confirmed the regulatory role of this lncRNA in SMC de- and transdifferentiation and advanced atherosclerotic lesion formation. Conclusions: The lncRNA MIAT is a novel regulator of cellular processes in advanced atherosclerosis that controls proliferation, apoptosis, and phenotypic transition of SMCs, and the proinflammatory properties of macrophages, as well.


The prevalence of HIV in Romania is apparent in its children, who are reported to make up the greatest incidence of juvenile AIDS in Europe. The spread began, in part, due to laws banning contraception and HIV testing, and persists through a high percentage of sexually active street children. Eight thousand Romanian children are believed to be infected, and 85 percent of the 5,000 street children are sexually active.


This paper deals with the study of the MISE asymptotic properties of regression series estimators. For technical reasons, a slightly modified definition of the "classical** orthonormal series estimator is introduced. Upper bounds for the MISE criterion are derived in a general framework, then the result is particularized for trigonometric series, Legendre polynomials and wavelet bases. Sufficient conditions for the MISE consistency, as well as MISE convergence rates, are given in these particular cases.


In this paper, a planar microstrip circular polarized monopole antenna with filtering function is proposed, and circular polarization is achieved by cutting a triangular structure and a semicircular structure on a square monopole patch and loading two open stub lines with right angle bending. The choice of tapered gradient line between feeder and patch is more conducive to adjusting impedance matching; The filtering function is achieved by integrating a fifth-order microstrip hairpin filter loaded with multiple serrated edges directly into the microstrip feeder of the CP antenna. The center frequency of the designed filter antenna is 2.45GHz, and the simulation results show that the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth is 200MHz, the gain is 2.8 dB, and the omnidirectionality is better. It has good frequency selectivity and out-of-band rejection, and has good application value in the field of Bluetooth communication.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of rice cultivar on the quality of gluten-free rice bread. Three different type of japonica rice cultivars (Seolgaeng, Goami, and Baegjinju) were used in this study. Rice flour was produced by dry milling and using a 200 mesh sieve. Rice bread was prepared using the straight dough method with an addition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a dough improver. Rice bread dough was divided into 170 g and then fermented prior to baking. Gluten-free rice bread prepared using flour from the Seolgaeng cultivar showed the largest volume (446±11.7 mL) and a uniformly distributed pore structure in bread crumbs whose hardness value was 2.66±0.2 N. Rice bread prepared using flour from Goami and Baegjinju cultivars showed rough crumb surface and hard crumb texture. The low damaged starch content (4.5%) and intermediate amylose content (19.3%) of the Seolgaeng cultivar contributed to produce superior qualities such as large volume and soft crumb texture in rice bread.


In-flight lightning strike damage to aircraft composite structures may compromise aircraft airworthiness. Hence, it is crucial to incorporate adequate protection systems to mitigate the lightning current. Most lightning strike protection (LSP) techniques involve bonding a metallic conductive layer to the cured laminate exterior. In this study, a novel LSP integration technique was used to develop unitized panels with three different protection layers: pitch carbon fiber paper (PCFP), graphene paper (GP), and copper mesh (CM). Each LSP layer was overlaid on through-the-thickness VectranHT stitched warp-knit multiaxial dry carbon fabric stacks, resin-infused, and oven-cured. A series of lightning strike tests to protected and unprotected stitched carbonepoxy laminates were conducted at a nominal peak current of 150 kA. Visual inspection was used to investigate each panel's lightning damage resistance, understand the damage mechanisms, and evaluate the surface morphology at the strike locations. The size and severity of the damaged area depended on several factors: the outermost ply fiber direction, the strike location relative to VectranHT and polyester knitting treads, the lightning peak current, and the conductivity of the protection layers. The CM and GP protection layers effectively dissipated the lightning current in-plane and showed no damage to the underlying composite. The degree of lightning damage on an unprotected laminate was significantly lower than for a similar panel with PCFP protection. The presence of VectranHT structural stitches and polyester warp-knitting threads profoundly reduced the size and severity of lightning damage. These threads appeared to promote close contact between adjacent carbon fiber tows, resulting in better in-plane and through-thickness electrical/thermal conductivities and reduced lightning damage.


Models of analogy developed to date fail to consider all the stages of analogical reasoning required for an effective model. Further, much emphasis is placed on the structural, syntactic nature of analogy. We describe a seven stage model of analogy, and discuss four means of determining analogical similarity. In this context we review two prevalent and contrasting analogical approaches, and conclude by offering suggestions that alleviate some of the problems currently faced, in the form of a new model for analogy which takes into account all seven stages and four similarity constraints. An example Duncker's radiation problem is used to highlight deficiences with current models and describe the new model.


The sensitivity of the s-plane pole position of a closed-loop system transfer function to variation of an open-loop system parameter is shown to be the coefficient of a complex frequency function in the response of the closed-loop system to a certain input signal. In many cases of practical importance this signal is a simple one.


We present a case of total occlusion of the superior vena cava (SVC) with extensive thrombosis of the adjacent large veins secondary to multiple abandoned pacemaker leads with a superimposed chronic lead infection by Corynebacterium jeikeium. A surgical lead extraction was performed with an extensive en‐bloc resection of the SVC together with the right subclavian vein and the right innomate vein. No venous reconstruction was required because of an unobstructed runoff via a well‐developed azygos system. doi: 10.1111/jocs.12290 (J Card Surg 2014;29:406–409)


Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are increasing in popularity and importance for the realization of underwater explorations. Nowadays, these types of vehicles are implemented in underwater environments to accomplish tasks for military, scientific and industrial purposes. These vehicles can use imaging sonars that are effective in detecting the AUV's distance to an obstacle. The main goals of this paper were to extract meaningful information gathered by sonar, use it to map the surrounding environment, and locate the vehicle on the estimated map. To accomplish these goals, the system is composed of a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithm to filter the sonar information, a feature extractor that filters the first obstacle for each sonar beam in a 360° revolution, an Octomap to build the estimated map and a Particle Filter (PF) to locate the vehicle in the environment. This system was developed using a set of measurements in a rectangular tank where the AUV was in static positions and in motion.


We study the use of shape memory alloys for the purpose of passive vibration damping in a one degree of freedom oscillator. We assume that the pseudoelastic behavior of the shape memory material is due to a stress-induced phase transformation which is governed by a kinetic relation. We consider both impulsively initiated unforced motions and periodically forced motions. Hysteresis is present in both cases. For a periodically forced motion, a limit cycle is attained after transients die out and we give an example which shows how the energy dissipated per cycle depends on the forcing frequency. We also introduce an "equivalent viscous damping coefficient" and show how it depends on the forcing frequency. This provides a measure of the effectiveness of pseudoelasticity as a damping mechanism. The combined effect of viscous and pseudoelastic damping is briefly discussed.


Laboratory reared eggs and yolk sac larvae of Greenland cod (Gadus ogac) from West Greenland are described and compared to wild-caught larvae from West Greenland presumed to be G. ogac, to wild-caught larvae of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from West Greenland waters and in the literature, to larvae of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in the literature and wild-caught in West Greenland waters and to a literature description of larvae of toothed cod (Arctogadus borisovi). The almost total absence of external pre-anal pigmentation with none dorsally in late stage embryos and yolk sac larvae of G. ogac up to 5.2 mm notochord length (NL) distinguishes them from the other species, where extensive external pre-anal pigmentation is always present, at least dorsally. Also, a larger maximum yolk sac larval size of at least 5.2 mm NL (based on reared specimens) compared to a maximum of 4.0–4.5 mm NL and post-anal length/total length ratios of 0.55–0.59 compared to 0.51 respectively in G. ogac and G. morhua distinguish these species. Concerning the post-anal pairs of dorsal and ventral pigment bars and ventral and dorsal caudal melanophores posterior to these, in G. ogac the first dorsal bar is usually shorter than the ventral bar, while the second dorsal bar is usually the longer of the pair, and there are 2–6 ventral and 0–1 dorsal melanophores. In G. morhua the ventral bars are the wider and there are 1–2 ventral melanophores. In B. saida both of the dorsal pigment bars are wider than the ventral ones, and there are 0–1 ventral and 0–2 dorsal melanophores. Three 6–12 mm NL G. morhua larvae from West Greenland have a 24–38% greater horizontal eye width than larvae of similar sizes from boreal North Atlantic waters.


The U.S. government is involved in contingency operations all over the world and these operations require operational support and sustainment in these locations; this includes the reliable delivery of power to base infrastructure. The traditional means of delivering this support requirement in austere environments has been the use of dieselpower generation that has an extensive logistical and economic tail. The research sought out contingency solar applications that may be implemented and operated to offset the facility demand loads in the location to achieve net-zero power. This research explores the technical feasibility of a deployable photovoltaic microgrid to deliver power to a contingency location. The research evaluates the system's potential power performance in six locations throughout the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) and U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) using probabilistic simulation modeling techniques. The results showed that there is a potential for photovoltaic microgrids to drastically reduce the demand of contingency shelter systems. The research established recommendations for extensive field testing based on the feasibility of said systems to drastically reduce the demand of shelter systems in contingency locations.


The introduction outlines the question this work addresses. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact between 1989-92, it was ubiquitously held in the western media, business, government and academe that history was 'being driven in a coherent direction' towards a secular, liberal democratic, secular and borderless end. A quarter of a century later this vision lay in tatters. How, we might ask, did the progressive commitment to universal ideals come, over time, to lose faith in the prospect of global meliorism leading to a liberal international order governed by abstract norms? And what were the consequences of this loss of faith?


The glycosylation of α- and δ-tocopherols using Klebsiella pneumoniae and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) was investigated. K. pneumoniae converted α- and δ-tocopherols into the corresponding β-glucosides in 10 and 8% yield, respectively. CGTase glycosylated α-tocopheryl β-glucoside to α-tocopheryl β-maltoside (51%) and α-tocopheryl β-maltotrioside (35%). On the other hand, δ-tocopheryl β-glucoside was converted into the corresponding β-maltoside (45%) and β-maltotrioside (29%) by CGTase. The β-glucoside of α-tocopherol, and β-glucoside and β-maltoside of δ-tocopherol showed inhibitory effects on IgE antibody production and on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells.


A novel curvature-based shaped reflector antenna design technique using the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) algorithm is presented. An approach based on optimizing the profile of a curve representing a rotationally symmetric reflector is proposed. In this method, the reflector shape is optimized with few design variables and an ideal design is found within a very small number of iterations. The validity of this method is verified by an application example and its advantages are compared with a reflector surface represented using the modified Jacobi polynomials.


Numerical experiments on the influence of soil moisture and vegetation on the persistence of short-term climatic anomalies are performed with a vertical one-dimensional climate model in the atmosphere-soil-vegetation system.The experimental results indicate that, as shown by theoretical analysis in Part Ⅰ of this paper,soil hydrology is crucially important for maintenance of short-term climatic anomalies over land areas. Possible physical process concerned with impact of soil moisture and vegetation on the persistence is further discussed.


A learner noisily infers a function or set, if every correct item is presented innnitely often while in addition some incorrect data ("noise") is presented a nite number of times. It is shown that learning from a noisy informant is equal to nite learning with K-oracle from a usual informant. This result has several variants for learning from text and using diierent oracles. Furthermore, partial identiication of all r.e. sets can cope also with noisy input.


For the first time, the parametric coupling of the negative-energy cyclotron and space-charge modes to a fast coaxial waveguide structure is observed. The coaxial waveguide smooth center conductor is internally loaded to maintain a 5% ripple of 1.4-, 1.6-, or 2.0-cm periods on the background axial magnetic field throughout the interaction region of 70 cm. The parametric coupling may be considered a stimulated scattering process with the rippled magnetic field of zero frequency in the lab frame appearing as an electromagnetic pump wave in the beam frame, with 30-MW/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ power density imparting to the electrons a quiver velocity ${V}_{\mathrm{os}}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.1c$. As predicted by theory, the frequency of the microwave radiation generated by the negative-energy cyclotron mode decreases with increasing magnetic field while remaining constant for the negative-energy space-charge mode. Power levels from 1 to 5 MW have been measured at mm and cm wavelengths. Radiation at frequencies of $\frac{2{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{2}V}{L}$, where $V$ and $L$ are the beam velocity and ripple period, respectively, has been observed at high magnetic fields with an exponential-growth rate consistent with parametric coupling theory. This mechanism could be employed as a tunable generator of millimeter and submillimeter wavelength radiation.


A new series of compounds, succin-as-eins(SAE)–methyl phenol SAE, methyl resorcinol SAE, methyl catechol SAE, methyl quinol SAE, methyl phloroglucinol SAE, methyl pyrogallol SAE and methyl orcinol SAE have been prepared by condensing 2-acetyl propionic acid with appropriate phenols. The structure of methyl resorcinol SAE, based on chemical reactions and spectral data is discussed. The λmax values for few of the dyes are comparable with their analogous succineins and phthaleins.


Progress on Vapor Liquid Equilibrium(VLE)properties of hydrofluorocarbon mixtures was reviewed Particularly, the experimental data and common experimental methods of VLE measurements for hydrofluorocarbon mixtures were summarized here. Some expected progress on VLE researches of hydrofluorocarbon mixtures were also discussed.


Recently, Dangour et al (1) published the results from a randomized clinical trial (RCT) on the effects in participants of a 24-mo supplement intervention with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 200 mg/d) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 500 mg/d) compared with a control group who received an undisclosed amount of olive oil. The main objective of the study was to slow cognitive decline in people aged 70–79 y living in the United Kingdom [OPAL (Older People And n–3 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid) study]. As indicated by the authors, although this is the largest and longest study of its nature, the results did not provide evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no differential effect between the intervention and the control treatment. However, this was not a type II error study but rather showed that the null hypothesis is true. The study was a well-designed RCT with a low rate of attrition. The study included 867 randomly assigned individuals, of whom 434 were assigned to receive long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC PUFA) supplements, and the sample size was calculated to provide 90% statistical power at 1% significance (1). The study population was selected among those individuals not consuming daily fish-oil supplements and in individuals with no mild cognitive impairment [ie, a Mini-Mental State Examination score .24 but with a risk of age-associated cognitive decline (ARCD)] or in those with normal (nonpathologic, normative, usual) cognitive aging (2) (ie, maintaining cognitive function in later life). In this regard, cognitive function was assessed at baseline and 24 mo later with a battery of tests including the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) measuring a range of cognitive domains including memory to executive functions, and which were used to develop a global cognitive function algorithm (1). The possible weakness in the study, as indicated by the authors, is that the study population might already consume a sufficient amount of LC PUFAs in their diets and thus not be sensitive to the dose of DHA/EPA provided. However, the lipid profile in the authors' Table 3 (1) showed that mean serum DHA concentrations increased by 35%, EPA concentrations increased by 27%, and arachidonic acid (ARA) concentrations decreased by 14% in individuals in the intervention group compared with those receiving the control. These biochemical changes characterized a dose-response to LC PUFA supplements and a substantial effect in their metabolism as the result of a reduction in serum ARA concentrations (3). The increase in serum DHA is notable because it suggests that a nonsaturable DHA concentration existed in this population before the intervention, and it raises the possibility that the observed increase in plasma correlated well with an increase in brain DHA (4). Moreover, the same lipid profile in the authors' Table 3 may offer an alternative explanation for the observed lack of differential effect between the LC PUFA supplement and control. Mean serum oleic acid concentration increased by 7% in individuals receiving the control treatment compared with those receiving the LC PUFA supplement (1). This is significant because others have shown health benefits of olive oil supplements with smaller increases in plasma oleic acid concentrations. An increase in plasma oleic acid of 2–3% in populations with sporadic olive oil intakes (eg, northern and central European populations) has been associated with lowering blood pressure (5). Thus, these findings suggest that the intake of olive oil in the control group might result in maintaining cognitive function in later life comparable to the effects of DHA/EPA, albeit by different mechanisms. Prospective studies have shown that the Mediterranean diet is associated with slower cognitive decline and a reduced risk of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease (see reference 6 and references therein). The Mediterranean diet combines several food-derived factors such as antioxidants, dietary fatty acids, and micronutrients. Dietary fatty acids may play a significant role in the development of ARCD (6). Of these, LC PUFAs have been given the most attention from observational epidemiologic studies, but monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) such as oleic acid [18:1(n29)] may also be responsible (6, 7). Although evidence suggests that high fish consumption and high intake of LC PUFAs may be protective against ARCD and reduce mild cognitive impairment, the traditional Mediterranean diet is not centered on fish consumption as much as on a high intake of olive oil (7). Olive oil is more than a MUFA fat; it is a functional food that, besides having a high amount of MUFAs, contains other minor components with biological properties such as natural antioxidants including phenolic compounds (7). However, the major component, oleic acid, has recently been shown to provide a satiety factor, oleoylethanolamide, which enhances memory consolidation without crossing the blood-brain barrier (8). These animal studies showed that oleic acid, through its gut conversion into oleoylethanolamide and its peripheral signals transmitted to the brain by the autonomic nervous system, enhances memory of training in a water maze (8). This is a task that assesses memory of context, which is important in verbal leaning, organization, and memory (9), all of which are measured by the CVLT. These effects as well as its potential neuroprotective role during sleep deprivation in humans (10) suggest that oleoylethanolamide is a mediator in maintaining cognitive function that it is not related to vascular or other nonvascular biological mechanisms (ie, metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory) as a potential causal pathway between the complex Mediterranean diet and a reduced risk of cognitive dysfunction. Together, this evidence suggests that Dangour et al (1) should consider the benefits of oleic acid as well as DHA/EPA in protecting against ARCD and maintaining cognitive function in later life.


PURPOSE: A method for separating two adhered plates is provided to separate two plates to be reusable and stable by strongly fixing the two plates which are attached by inserting an adhesive sheet or a curable resin layer using a jig apparatus. CONSTITUTION: A method for separating two adhered plates comprises: a first step of fixing two pieces of plates(1,2), which are attached by inserting an adhesive sheet or a curable resin layer(3) to first and second jigs(7A,7B); a second step of separating the two plates by generating shear stress for breaking the adhesive sheet or the curable resin layer by transferring at least one of the first and second jigs; and a third step of separating the two plates from the jigs after separation. In the first step, one or two plates are inserted into a silicon adhesive sheet(5) or a porous adhesive sheet(6) to be fixed to the jigs.


Clarias gariepinus were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and blood samples were collected weekly for biochemical analysis to analyse their enzyme activities and pathogenesis for four weeks. The enzymes includes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphastase (ALP), acid phosphastase (ACP) and lactate – dehydrogenase (LDH). The fish were distributed in three different groups in triplicates as: control (C1 C2 C3), A. hydrophila (A1, A2, A3) and P. aeruginosa (P1, P2, P3). After two weeks of acclimatization, A1 – A3 were injected with 1.5 ml of 106 cfu/ml of A. hydrophila, P1-P3 were injected with 1.5 ml of 106 cfu/ml of P. aeruginosa, while C1-C3 were pathogen free. At the end of the experiment, it was observed that there was a constant increase, in the enzyme activities of the infected fish, indicating increase in virulence with respect to weeks of exposure but P. aeruginosa had higher pathogenicity compared to A. hydrophila.


Objective:The main research object was navel orange peel.Besides,an optimization of extraction process for from navel orange peel was established.Methods:Based on the single factor analysis,a 3-factor,3-level Box-Behnken experimental design was applied to evaluate the effect of the three factors,including extraction temperature,ethanol concentration and ratio of material to liquid.Results:The optimal extraction conditions were ethanol concentration of 51%(v/v),extraction temperature 62℃,extraction time 2h,solid-to liquid ratio 1:20(w/v) and 2 times for extraction.Temperature was the most important affecting factor of polysaccharide extraction,followed by ethanol concentration.Under such extraction conditions,the experimental yield of polyphenols obtained after the first extraction was up to 20.2mg/g.Condusion:It was close to predicted value.


This study aims to test and analyze the influence of brand awareness, brand reputation, perceived economic benefits on brand trust and online purchase intentions for Skintific products through the TikTok Shop platform. The research approach used is quantitative. Data collected by distributing online questionnaires via Google Form to 220 respondents. The sampling technique used convenience sampling method. The method used in this study is PLS-SEM, using the SmartPLS statistical software tool. Data analysis techniques used in this study are validity and reliability tests, collinearity tests, path coefficients, R-Square (R2), Q-Square, t-tests, and p-tests. The results of this study are brand awareness has a positive and significant effect on brand trust, brand awareness has no effect on online purchase intentions, brand reputation has a positive and significant effect on brand trust, brand trust has a positive and significant effect on online purchase intentions, perceived economic benefits have an effect positive and significant impact on brand trust, and perceived economic benefits have a positive and significant effect on online purchase intentions.


SUMMARY To test the hypothesis that the ingestion of Mo-rich soils by ruminants might adversely affect Cu metabolism, four groups of initially hypocupraemic ewes were repleted with a Cu-supplemented diet either soil-free or containing 10% of one of three soils of low, medium and high Mo content. The three soils were equally effective in inhibiting the response in plasma Cu and probably reduced the availability of Cu by more than 50%. The ingestion of certain soils produced increases in urinary Mo and Zn concentrations, indicating that the Mo and Zn ingested in soil can be biologically available: however, these Cu antagonists were probably released in insufficient quantities to have contributed greatly to the observed interference with Cu metabolism. Soil ingestion may be involved in the aetiology of hypocuprosis in cattle and swayback in sheep, since it commonly constitutes 10% of the D.M. intake of animals grazing winter pasture.


Abstract : The seasonal and regional distribution of precipitation over Canada is presented by means of variance components or harmonics. Precipitation regimes are identified and characterized. Certain significant features of the annual march of precipitation are explained in terms of the atmospheric circulation. Associations between precipitation patterns and natural vegetation and water bodies are investigated. (Author)


Gas component and methane carbon isotope were analyzed for the cores at different depths in DK-8 gas hydrate drilling hole in the Muli permafrost of the Qilian Mountain.Their changing features are correlated with the intervals of gas hydrate anomalies and with spatial distribution in faults or fractures.Out study shows that these characteristics have indicative significance in gas hydrate occurrence and hydrocarbon migration.Gas contents (μl/kg) in the cores shows anomalies at depths of 149~167m,228~299m,321~338m and 360~380m,which are basically consistent with intervals of gas hydrate and its anomalies,suggesting that high values of gas content were caused by gas hydrate and its anomalies.Based on total volumetric percentage of hydrocarbon gases in core (vol%),carbon isotope of methane (δ13C1,‰PDB),and ratios of C1/ΣC1-5,C1/ΣC2-5,C1/ΣC2-3,C1/C2,C2/C3,C2/ΣC3-4,iC4/nC4 and iC5/nC5 from samples with different distance away from faults or fractures,it is suggested that hydrocarbon gases in cores with high values migrated mainly from deep sources and were closely related with faults or fractures.Deeper faults or fractures may serve as migration paths for hydrocarbon gases,and middle to shallower faults or fractures may provide accumulation space for gas hydrate.


The objective of these studies was to evaluate the use of an in silico model for predicting lung deposition of inhaled therapeutic aerosols. A range of input data derived from our own in vitro data and published clinical studies was utilized. The in silico model ran simulations for these propellant driven metered dose inhaler formulations across a range of conditions. Firstly, a range of pressurized metered dose inhaler formulations were evaluated in the in silico model and compared to the in vitro aerosol performance data. Limitations of using in vitro cascade impaction data were observed. Then, using in vivo data from healthy human subjects using metered dose inhalers, lung deposition profiles were compared with the in silico model predictions. Despite differences in oropharyngeal deposition the model predicted lung deposition accurately. We conclude that the in silico model can be applied to various conditions for particulate based inhalation aerosol systems. development of mathematical models the and fate of for pharmaceutical is a great commonality between the fields of toxicology and medicine. that dosimetry models for air pollutants, since they quantitate the toxic particulate matter delivered to airway cells, could be integrated into the treatment of airway diseases caused or exacerbated by those same air pollutants.


The optimal designing theory of deep foundation pit dewatering for controlling land subsidence was discussed in loose sediment with great thickness and complex characteristics.According to the relationship between effective stress and pore water pressure,a coupling model between three-dimensional seepage of deep foundation pit dewatering and land-subsidence was established and applied to foundation pit dewatering at Dongjiadu part of subway line 4 in Shanghai,and the complicated flow state of groundwater and land-subsidence characteristics were simulated by three-dimensional finite difference method under the conditions that the aquifers were deposited layer by layer,the bottom of the aquifers went deep to 145m,the horizontal flow barrier went deep to 65m,and the ground water level of the upper part of confined aquiferⅠunder the center of foundation pit was decreased to 40.00m under land surface.Consequently,an optimal scheme was achieved,in which the pumping wells penetrated to 59m,while the filters of the pumping wells were located between 44m to 59m,with thirty pumping wells operated at the same time.Finally,it is concluded that it is reliable to use the coupling numerical simulation between three-dimensional seepage of deep foundati on pit dewatering and land-subsidence to design the optimal scheme of deep found ation pit dewatering in loose sediment with great thickness and complex characte ristics,and it is effective to use the method to dewater the foundation pit so as to control the land-subsidence surrounding the foundation pit..


Several types of cells show left–right asymmetric behavior, unidirectional rotation, or spiral movements. For example, neutrophil-like differentiated HL60 (dHL60) cells show leftward bias in response to chemoattractant. Neurons extend neurites, creating a clockwise spiral. Platelet cells shows unidirectional spiral arrangements of actin fibers. In the microfabricated culture environment, groups of C2C12 cells (mouse myoblast cell line) were autonomously aligned in a counter-clockwise spiral pattern, and isolated C2C12 cells showed unidirectional spiral pattern of the actin skeleton. This biased directionality suggested that these cells have inherent cell chirality. In addition to these cells, we recently found that melanophores of zebrafish also have an intrinsic cellular chirality that was shown by their counter-clockwise self-rotation. Although this cell chirality is obvious, the function of the cell chirality is still unclear. In this review, we compare the cell chirality of melanophores of zebrafish with other cell chirality and consider the function of cell chirality in morphogenesis.


Proposes a new framework for fusing multiple geometric sensor outputs to reconstruct 3-dimensional target shapes. The proposed framework is of an application of Wu's mechanical theorem proving method in algebraic geometry. First the author lists three groups of equations on the constraints. Next, the author classifies all the groups of equations into two sets, a set of hypotheses and a conjecture. Then, the author applies Wu's method to prove that the hypotheses follow the conjecture and obtain pseudo-divided remainders of the conjectures, which represent new relations of geometric measures such as angles or lengths between 3-D space and their projected data on the sensors. As an example, a typical case is considered where an image sensor and a range sensor are used together to reconstruct and recognize 3-D object shapes. By this method the author obtained new geometrical relations for seven cases of geometrical models.<<ETX>>


JALT2002 AT SHIZUOKA 106 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS The writer Jim Cummins (1994) argues that educators should move from a "transmission orientation," in which knowledge is "inert," toward a "critical orientation," in which knowledge is "catalytic," empowering students to take command of their own learning and ultimately their own lives. This workshop built on the premise that learning is best accomplished by learners rather than teachers. But can teachers encourage their students toward autonomy when students themselves choose to be dependent on teacher control? Participants viewed cinematic portrayals of teachers encouraging their charges to move toward autonomy, and then discussed models methods for resolution of the conflicts that arise when a teacher tries to persuade dependent students toward more autonomous modes of learning. In general, participants found a need for regulated amounts of structure as students gradually learn to take more control through incremental increases in responsibility for curricular goals and learning processes.


Energy-efficient virtual resource allocation algorithm has become a hot research topic in cloud computing. However, most of the existing allocation schemes cannot ensure each type of resource be fully utilized. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a virtual machine (VM) allocation algorithm on the basis of multi-dimensional resource, considering the diversity of user's requests. First, we analyze the usage of each dimension resource of physical machines (PMs) and build a D-dimensional resource state model. Second, we introduce an energy-resource state metric (PAR) and then propose an energy-aware multi-dimensional resource allocation algorithm called MRBEA to allocate resources according to the resource state and energy consumption of PMs. Third, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by real-world datasets. Experimental results show that MRBEA has a better performance in terms of energy consumption, SLA violations and the number of VM migrations.


As semiconductor manufacturers build smaller components, circuits and chips at that scale become less reliable and more expensive to produce, and no longer conform to the rigid hardware specifications usually expected of them. While traditionally, the onus of handling variability has been on the hardware manufacturers, there has been a recent push towards embracing device variability, especially in software, rather than hiding it by increasing guardbands applied to chip designs. Our work takes a higher-level software systems approach to previous studies of embedded sensing systems made in this regard and extends them to mobile devices, mainly smartphones, which are the current generation of general purpose computing devices. We begin by measuring and characterizing processor power variability in mobile devices through fine-grained power measurements on a suitably instrumented platform. We observe variation in processor power consumption ranging from 6% to 15% across smartphones that are manufactured to be identical. This variability, if harnessed properly, could convert into improvements in battery lifetime of 30 to 70 minutes. In this thesis, we also make the case for adaptive software that can leverage information about patterns of variability observed across devices for improved energy efficiency. Using video playback with different tunable parameters as a motivating example, we discuss the trade- off between quality of service and energy usage an the role device variability can play in these trade-offs and find that it is possible for us to proactively choose the encoding and frame resolution parameters to use for video playback, resulting in estimated energy savings of 3-15% which translates to improved battery lifetime of an hour


The gate–source overlap length (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{{\text {OV}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in the line tunneling FET (L-TFET) can be used as a design parameter to improve the analog circuit performance. In this paper, we investigate the drain current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) dependence on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{{\text {OV}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, considering the electrostatics of the gate–source overlap region. It is observed that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> increases with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{{\text {OV}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> exhibiting a nonlinear behavior. This happens as the impact of the lateral electric field at the far end of the tunnel junction reduces, thereby reducing the tunneling rate. Based on our semiempirical physical <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{{\text {OV}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> model, a novel <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{{\text {OV}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variation-aware small signal model for L-TFET is also proposed. The output resistance and the gate–drain capacitance remain almost independent of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{{\text {OV}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the saturation regime. The gate–source capacitance and the transconductance linearly increase with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{{\text {OV}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A common source amplifier is demonstrated with ~2.4 times increase in the voltage gain when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{{\text {OV}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is increased from 20 to 50 nm, with a penalty of ~10% in the bandwidth. We observe that it is not possible to achieve the gain similar to one obtained using 2.5 times increase in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{{\text {OV}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> even after increasing the device width five times. However, the bandwidth reduces 30% at such width owing to an increase in the gate capacitances.


The wealth of information about the French Antarctic is incommensurable due to its short experience in colonization in Brazil from November 1555 to March 1560. It was restricted to a small geographical space near the cost of the bay of Rio de Janeiro. I will start in this text from the judgment of Abade Prevost, author of the immortal work Manon Lescaut, as well as his Histoire Generale des Voyages to reconstitute the memory of the French Antarctic in French Historiography.


Assessment of Charter Boat and Head Boat Angler Perception of Fishery Regulations and Stock Health in the Recreational Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) Fishery in the Upper Texas Coast. (August 2011) Sarah A. Norman, B.A., Wittenberg University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Wyndylyn M. von Zharen In 1988, the red snapper fishery in the Gulf of Mexico was declared severely overfished. Since then, the daily bag limit has been reduced from 7 to 2, the minimum size limit has increased from 13 to 16 inches, and the year-round recreational season has been reduced to one lasting 53 days. Despite NOAA"s recommendations that the Gulf States match these regulations, Texas has enforced a 4 bag limit and no seasonal restrictions. In 2009 alone, the total recreational catch exceeded the allocated quota by 1.7 million pounds. The lack of consistency between state and federal regulations and the drastic changes in management schemes have affected anglers" confidence in management, and limited the ability of the fishery to successfully adapt. This study provides an innovative assessment that measures fishers" knowledge and determines their support for current fishery regulations and for the scientific rationale behind the regulatory system. Over 150 interviews of red snapper anglers at charter and head boat docks were conducted along the Texas coast. The majority of respondents were 20-50


Traditional debuggers for imperative languages have relied for their operation on information extracted at the time that the modules of the program were compiled. Here, we discuss an alternative model, in which any needed information is extracted by coopting a modiied version of the compiler during the debugging process. The potential advantages of this approach include the ability to debug programs which were not compiled with \debug" options, including those which are globally optimised. The ability to mix interpreted and optimised, compiled code allows arbitrary program animation, and the insertion of arbitrary program assertions speciied after compilation and during the debugging process. 1 Overview In this paper we introduce a concept which, in principle , allows the capabilities of debuggers for conventional imperative languages to be signiicantly extended. These concepts are the basis of a project recently started, so we report design data and the preliminary stage of implementation of these ideas. In particular, we are interested in extending the capabilities of conventional debuggers for imperative languages such as C, Pascal, Modula and Ada, and their object oriented extensions. We restrict ourselves to conventional, uniprocessor but perhaps multi-pipeline machine architectures. In section 2 we review the history of program debug-ging, and discuss the ways in which the capabilities of current debuggers fall short of our ideal. In the next section we give an overview of the capabilities of the next generation of language independent de-buggers currently under development. We also discuss the internal mechanisms of these debuggers, All authors are with the Programming Languages and Systems group (PLAS) at the Queensland University of Technology and some of the alternative proposals which have been experimented with. In section 4 we introduce the conceptual basis for our extended capabilities, and discuss the implementation of these ideas. We then describe the current level of implementation of a prototype, and discuss the future progress of the project. Finally, we draw some interim conclusions. 2 Why Debugging 2.1 Some History Computer programs often need to be examined to determine the cause of apparent errors, or to gain a better understanding of their structure and control ow. This examination is called debugging, since its usual objective is the location and removal of program errors (bugs). This need arises during both the development phase in the software life cycle , and during subsequent software maintenance. It has been estimated that as much as 70% of annual information …


Model predictive control is an effective method for systems with time-delay. In this paper, we present a new idea of predicting the reference in the future by its past behavior. Simulation results show the advantage of the new method. Whereas the method is limited when tracking a fast-varying signal, a switching control helps to compensate for the loss of retarded response of the system. The method is good for many applications with time delay.


We address the problem of tracking slowly varying mean frequency and spectral width from a series of data vectors yp (p=1, 2, ... P). When the yp are small-sized, usual methods (periodogram, correlation lags...) suffer from strong variability. Moreover, the discrete nature of observed signals results in ambiguity in spectral domain. First in a Gaussian setting both for the shape of the spectra and for the statistics of observed signals, a maximum likelihood (ML) technique is provided for spectral moments estimation. Second, we propose a maximum a posteriori (MAP) method in order to account also for the slowly varying character of the spectral moments. Noticeable improvement are obtained with respect to usual methods: strong variance reduction in the field of ultrasound attenuation measurement (AM), and correct estimation beyond the Shannon limit in the field of color flow mapping (CFM)


Abstract Stein's estimator for p ≧ 3 normal means is known to dominate the usual estimator if the loss is quadratic. Brown (1975) has shown that for a class of quadratic loss functions the usual estimator can be uniformly improved if the loss functions do not give such extreme weights to the coordinates that the problem essentially reduces to a two-dimensional one. However, he has not given a uniformly better estimator. In this article, we give explicit alternatives that uniformly improve on the usual estimator for a class of quadratic loss functions.


We study the response of the QCD vacuum to strong magnetic fields, using a potential model for the quark-antiquark interaction. We find that production of spin-polarized $u\ifmmode \bar{u}\else \={u}\fi{}$ pairs is energetically favorable for fields $Bg{B}_{\mathrm{crit}}\ensuremath{\sim}10 {\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}.$ We contrast the resulting $u\ifmmode \bar{u}\else \={u}\fi{}$ condensate with the quark condensate which is present at zero magnetic field, and we estimate the corresponding magnetization as a function of B.


The growth of social work in china is inseparable from the support of sociological discipline. Although along with the discipline practice's development, social work has highlighted its own discipline characteristic day by day, like the value, the practicality, clinical, microscopic and so on, the different between social work and sociology are also obvious. But as the discipline, the foundations of social work and sociology have big interlinked, some angles of sociology should use for the social work, or may unify mutually. This article is precisely based on such ponder, attempts to unify the sociological imagination and the Social Work's Strengths Perspective, and to analyze each other's compatible spot, thus it can promotion discipline mutual exchange, also provides the broader development angle for social work.


The primary inversion of the solar oscillation fre- quencies coupled with the equations of thermal equilibrium and input physics enable us to infer the temperature and hydrogen abundance profiles inside the Sun. The inferred hydrogen abun- dance profile is smoother than that in a solar model with conven- tional treatment of diffusion, in the region just beneath the solar convection zone (r > 0:68R). Such a mixing process could account for the observed low lithium abundance in the solar en- velope. It is also possible to constrain the nuclear reaction rates using the inferred temperature and hydrogen abundance profiles. The helioseismically estimated cross-section for pp nuclear re- action turns out to be (4:150:25)10 25 MeV barns, where the error estimates include those from opacities arising from up to 50% uncertainty in heavy element abundance Z.


: Digital Innovation Environments (DIE) as an umbrella term for facilities such as FabLabs, Makerspaces and Innovation Laboratories are already well known in the private and academic sectors. We focus on exploring the business aspects of DIEs and their role in digital transformation and creation of new opportunities for companies to increase their knowledge transfer and innovation capabilities. This research is dedicated to factors influencing the usage behavior of company employees of a DIE. From seven guided interviews, a total of 27 influencing factors in seven topics were identified through successive in-depth analysis and criterion-guided interpretation. These factors show the complexity of DIEs and at the same time lay the foundation for further research. In addition, they are a valuable insight for practice, as they can be used as a basis for developing new integration and cooperation structures.