Acoustic signal encoder is provided which comprises a subband filter band to divide an original signal into a plurality of frequency bands, a spectrum transformation circuit to detect the amplitude of a signal in each of the plurality of frequency bands in each of sub-blocks resulted by division of a block length for signal coding, process the signal amplitude in each band based on the detected amplitude and transform the signals divided in the frequency bans to spectra, a normalizing circuit and quantizing circuit to normalize and quantize the spectrum, respectively, and a code row generator to generate a code row from the signals processed by the above circuits.


Angle-resolved photoemission has been used to investigate the electronic structure of Pt3Cr. Experimental band structure has been calculated assuming a free-electron final state. Constant initial state measurements indicate that Pt and Cr d-bands both lie between the Fermi level and 7 eV binding energy.


Socrates was convicted of corrupting the youth and of not believing in the city's gods. Scholars disagree about whether the main problem was religion or politics and, if religion, whether it was heterodoxy or heteropraxy, atheism or heresy. This paper focuses on an aspect of this debate, namely, the controversy about whether Socrates' moral theology was a significant factor in the trial. It argues that while Vlastos and Burnyeat fail to show that Socrates'moral theology was a factor, the arguments for the opposing side are problematic as well. While the belief inmoral gods in itself probably was not sufficiently disturbing to result in a trial, its implications for patriotism and for divine power over humans could have been troubling enough to contribute to Socrates being brought to trial.


we would again like to cordially thank you for your highly qualified and well-founded comments on our manuscript, as well as for your kind words and benevolent résumé. In our author comment 'AC2' from Nov.5, we responded to your individual comments already to encourage further discussion. Since we posted that author comment, our conception of the manuscript has not significantly changed so that the present "final response" corresponds 95% with the cited earlier author comment. We only specified a few of our statements. In the following, we list our thoughts and plans referring to individual comments:


The key factors of authentication of special purpose segments of most perspective consumers are investigate in the article. The recommendations on the improvement of trade enterprise's consumer's service with account of the individual approach to a customer were given.


PurposeThis study aims to reveal the positive side of poor voice quality. Grounding on sociometer theory, this study proposes a model to explore how poor voice quality affects employee's motivation to make high-quality voice via managerial non-endorsement and employee's self-perception of poor voice quality.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consisted of 247 employees and immediate supervisors of employees in China. To minimize potential common method biases and reduce participants' fatigue, a three-wave method for the data collection with each wave separated by one month was executed. Path analysis and bootstrapping approach were adopted to verify the hypotheses.FindingsThe results illustrated that employee's poor voice quality was able to promote employee's motivation to make high-quality voice via managerial non-endorsement and employee's self-perception of poor voice quality.Originality/valueFirst, this study extends our knowledge of the consequences of employee voice. Second, this study further contributes to the literature on voice quality by emphasizing the positive effects of poor voice quality. Third, this study enriches the sociometer theory by the explication of chain mediation as a key mechanism through which poor voice quality affects employee's motivation to make high-quality voice.


Hydrogel nanolayer (<150 nm) formation on a silica microsphere is optically characterized while forming in situ by simultaneously following the shifts of whispering gallery modes at two wavelengths.


In the process of electrolysis of a SnCl 4 solution, the dimensions of polymeric tin-oxygen complexes (chlorostannic acids) increase as the Cl/Sn atomic ratio decreases. In these complexes, the fraction of Sn-O internal bonds with dimensions characteristic of cassiterite increases, whereas the fraction of the Sn-Cl end bonds decreases, and a sol with the crystalline structure of particles is formed. The colloidal particles have a radially nonuniform structure: the core of a particle consists of tin dioxide of the cassiterite modification, whereas the surface layer is composed of tin oxy- and hydroxychloride. The colloidal processes of the formation of the tin dioxide sol during the electrolysis of a tin tetrachloride solution in a two-compartment electrolyzer are similar to the processes occurring during the electrolysis of a SnCl 4 solution in a three-compartment electrolyzer. The current efficiency for chlorine during electrolysis in the two-compartment electrolyzer is higher than that in the three-compartment one.


Abstract The aim of this article was to study clinical and radiographic outcomes following treatment of bone healing disorders with a novel osteoinductive system that utilizes poly (ethyl acrylate), fibronectin and an ultra-low concentration of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. A case series of nine dogs and two cats were treated, and clinical records and radiographs were reviewed. Radiographs were scored by two blinded observers using the modified Radiographic Union Score for Tibial Fractures. Long-term follow-up was obtained using the Canine Orthopaedic Index and Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index. Follow-up data were available for 11 treatments (10 cases). Complications: three minor, three major, one catastrophic (non-union requiring amputation). Lameness median 320 (range: 42–1,082) days postoperatively: 'sound' (three cases), 'subtle' (two), 'mild' (three), 'moderate' (one), and 'non-weightbearing' (one). The attending clinician judged 9 of 11 treatments achieved radiographic union; modified Radiographic Union Score for Tibial Fractures observers 1 and 2 agreed with the clinician in 8/9 and 5/9 treatments respectively. Long-term Canine Orthopaedic Index scores for five dogs median 650 (range: 544–1,724) days postoperatively: 15/64 (median) for four dogs with acceptable outcomes, 30/64 in one dog with a poor outcome. Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index scores for two cats 433 and 751 days postoperatively: 48/60 and 60/60. Eight of 10 cases were sound or showed subtle or mild lameness in the short- or long-term, and radiographic union occurred in the majority of treatments.


NA38/50 CERN-SPS, generation heavy November 2000 for heavy-ion runs in 2002 and 2003. This article will report about the main motivations which lead to this experiment, the main detector concept and the foreseen physics performance.


BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the duration of arousal and the type, duration and minSaO(2) of apneas/hypopneas, and the time of night and sleep stage when they occurred.

MATERIAL/METHODS
We measured the duration of arousals associated with apneas (A) and hypopneas (H) in 10 polysomnographic recording. Arousals were categorized as: 1) Short Electroencephalographic Arousal (SEA: 3-15 s) and 2) Awakenings (>15 s). The dependent variable for multiple logistic regression analysis was duration of arousal (0 = 3-11 s, 1 = >11 s); the independent variables were event (0 = H, 1 = A), event duration (0 = 10-20 s, 1 = >20 s), sleep stage (0 = REM, 1 = NREM 1-2); minSaO(2) (0 = 86%, 1 = <86%) and time of night (0 = at or before 3:00 AM, 1 = after 3:00 AM).

RESULTS
We analyzed 1536 apneas and hypopneas. 80.3% had arousal, 61% SEA and 19.3% awakenings. The median duration of arousal was higher in apneas (A: 12 s, H: 9.2 s, p<0.001). The apneas and events >20 s with a minSaO(2) <86% had a higher probability of arousal >11 s (apnea: OR 2.1, p<0.001; events >20 s: OR 1.5, p<0.01; minSaO(2) <86%: OR 1.4, p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Arousals were greater in apneas than in hypopneas. Apneas and events >20 s with a minSaO(2) <86% were associated more frequently with arousal >11 s.


Catalogue of an exhibition that traces Vancouver's urban development from the late 1950s-60s by juxtaposing hundreds of photographs by five professional/amateur photographers from B.C. Both authors discuss the significance of the exhibition's style of display, suggesting that the emphasis on detail (created by the montage effect) highlights the differences and equivalences between the works. Issues of cultural history and personal/collective memory are also discussed. Includes list of works. Brief biographical notes. 8 bibl. ref.


When a patient claims compensation for personal injury or damage while undergoing medical treatment or diagnosis, the courts have to decide whether the medical practitioner was negligent. The question of damages has to be decided not on compassion for, or the needs of, the suffering patient but objectively on the evidence and legal principles applicable. Lawton L.J. in Whitehouse v Jordan, I concluding that negligence had not been established, added


Vector sensors in sonar are often used for direction finding. With the appropriate processing three component vector sensors are also quite effective at nulling directional interference as well as estimating the ambient acoustic intensity vector. Here we examine optimum array processing (MVDR based) methods for both these applications. We first present the detection performance of a plane wave source operating in directional noise fields as well as noise field based a spheroidial harmonic expansion for modeling diffuse surface, seabed and ducted environments. Next, we use these optimal methods for estimating the intensity vector. Finally, we compare the performance to an array of pressure sensors using the same number of output channels. This indicates that vector sensors are effective against some types of noise fields but not uniformly better than an array of scalar sensors.


Soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt1), a circulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 antagonist, is associated with the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia. Extracorporeal removal of sFlt1 (sFlt1 apheresis) is emerging as a treatment for pre‐eclampsia. We performed sFlt1 apheresis for a patient with very early onset pre‐eclampsia, beginning at 15 weeks' gestation. She underwent sFlt1 apheresis 13 times from 19 to 23 weeks' gestation. The series of treatments lowered circulating sFlt1, stabilized blood pressure, reduced urinary protein, and preserved renal function, which contributed to a successful prolongation of pregnancy for 4 weeks and a live birth at 23+3 weeks' gestation. Further studies are necessary for clinical application of sFlt1 apheresis as sFlt1 might have a protective function for the placenta and fetus in pre‐eclampsia.


ABSTRACT This book records a symposium celebrating the dedication of the Wyler Children's Hospital and the Kennedy Mental Retardation Research Center at the University of Chicago in the late summer of 1966. The contributors are internationally renowned experts from many different countries and the topics are diverse, ranging from general aspects of child care in developing countries to the mapping of gene loci on the X chromosome.At first sight one might have doubts about the wisdom of accumulating such varied subject matter in a single book, particularly one with this title, which is neither a text nor a "Recent Advances," since almost all the scientific content has already been published, some of it a good many years ago. However, as one of the contributors, Andrea Prader, says, pediatrics has now become so subspecialized that there is a danger of losing sight of the child as a whole. It is only


Activity concentrations of the Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs) in some bottled drinking water brands obtained from some supermarkets in Accra were analyzed using gamma spectrometry.40 K activity concentrations were in the range of 3.57 - 5.47 Bq/L, the highest occurring in brand L9. Similarly, 232 Th activity concentrations were in the range of 0.30 - 0.56 Bq/L with the highest occurring in brand L8. 226 Ra was identified in eleven brands with the remaining 5 below detection limit. The highest value (0.53 Bq/L) occurred in brand L9. Comparison of the mean concentrations showed significant differences at (α = 0.05) between the various brands of bottled water. Estimated committed effective doses were generally below 0.1 mSv/a for all age groups with the exception of children <1yr. Estimated lifetime cancer and hereditary risk were done using the ICRP risk assessment methodology.


The financial sector is a section where customer service is essential to guarantee customer satisfaction, trust, and credibility, and to improve productivity. For this reason, the main objective of this paper was to optimize the customer service at the waiting lines. Within the methodology used, a simulation tool was designed to estimate customer service times. This simulation model had the characteristic of predicting the behavior of the system and optimizing the allocation of schedules and appropriate number of servers, without affecting the perception of the quality of service. The design contemplated the use of probabilistic models of Poisson and Erlang, as well as the waiting line models proposed by Kendall and Lee. In order to estimate the results, the Montecarlo methodology was used, which allows obtaining random numbers according to the established probabilistic distribution. The simulation system was developed in Excel and macro programmed in Visual Basic. As a result of the simulation run, it was proposed to reduce a universal full-time server on cashier 1 and place a 6-hour part-time server to service during times with higher customer demand. Finally it could be concluded that it was possible to simulate the behavior of waiting lines and the results of the simulation determined decision criteria for the correct assignment of human resources.


We present an exact analytical solution to the problem of shear dispersion given a general initial condition. The solution is expressed as an infinite series expansion involving Mathieu functions and their eigenvalues. The eigenvalue system depends on the imaginary parameter $q=2ik$Pe, with $k$ the wavenumber that determines the tracer scale in the initial condition and Pe the Peclet number. Solutions are valid for all Pe, $t>0$, and $k>0$ except at specific values of $q=q_{\ell}^{EP}$ called Exceptional Points (EPs), the first occurring at $q_{0}^{EP}\approx1.468i$. For values of $q \lessapprox 1.468i$, all the eigenvalues are real, different and eigenfunctions decay with time, thus shear dispersion can be represented as a diffusive process. For values of $q \gtrapprox 1.468i$, pairs of eigenvalues coalesce at EPs becoming complex conjugates, the eigenfunctions propagate and decay with time, and so shear dispersion is no longer a purely diffusive process.
The limit $q\rightarrow0$ is approached by the small Peclet number limit for all finite $k>0$, or equally by the large Peclet number limit as long as $2k \ll 1/$Pe. The latter implies $k\rightarrow0$, strong separation of scales between the tracer and flow. The limit $q\rightarrow\infty$ results from large Peclet number for any $k>0$, or from large $k$ and non-vanishing Pe.
We derive an exact closure that is continuous in wavenumber space. At small $q$, the closure approaches a diffusion operator with an effective diffusivity proportional to $U_0^2/\kappa$, for flow speed $U_0$ and diffusivity $\kappa$. At large $q$, the closure approaches the sum of an advection operator plus a half-derivative operator (differential operator of fractional order), the latter with coefficient proportional to $\sqrt{\kappa U_0}$.


Recently proliferating heterogeneous video service environments should be able to deal with many different transmission speeds, image sizes, or qualities of video. However, not many existing video compression standards satisfy those necessities. To satisfy the functional requirements, the standardization of the H.264/AVC Scalable Video Coding (SVC) technique has been recently completed. It is an extension of the H.264/AVC which can encode several image sizes and qualities at the same time as a single bitstream. To perform optimum mode decision, motion estimation is performed for all MB modes, and the RD costs are compared to identify an MB mode with the smallest RD cost. This increases computational complexity of H.264/AVC SE encoding. In this paper, we propose an early skip mode detection scheme to reduce candidate modes and suggest an algorithm of fast mode decision utilizing reference modes according to the mode history.


The selenium, chromium and zinc are the essential trace elements with certain functions to the human body. The organic state trace elements are easy and safe to be absorbed by human and their absorption rates are higher than in inorganic state. L. bulgaricus was cultured in the medium with selenium, chromium and zinc. The inorganic state trace elements were changed into the organic state trace elements through bio-transformation. The results showed that improving the concentration of the trace element properly is favorable to the growth of L. bulgaricus and to the enrichment and bio-transformation of trace elements. It is also seen that when the concentration of the selenium exceeds certain level, the growth of L. bulgaricus is suppressed. Among the three elements, L. bulgaricus has the strongest enriching ability for zinc, followed by chromium and the selenium.


The view of experts regarding women basketball in Europe is that in recent years the effectiveness of shooting baskets is slowly diminishing, which impacts the game negatively. The purpose of our research is to effect studies related to the effectiveness of shooting the basket in women basketball for various age groups: U16, U18, and U20. For the research, we have studied specialized literature and analysed game effectiveness statistic data from the Genius Sport official system for registering the game indicators of the European Basketball Federation (FIBA). The initial data are processed mathematically-statistically by variation analysis, relative share for establishing the effectiveness of shooting baskets from various distances, and comparative analysis. We have researched shooting effectiveness data from the last European championships for the three age groups. The results show a decrease in the competitors' skills for effecting baskets by the growth of age. We can conclude that women's basketball is a dynamic sport with many elements, but the effectiveness of shooting baskets is at its core, which is something that is often forgotten. Coaches working at each level should use at least 30% of the training and training process for specific shooting exercises for the basket; this is the minimum that can stop this process so that the game of basketball does not go into an existential crisis.


Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome (DAWS) has recently been named in the Archives of Neurology. It describes a cluster of symptoms occurring in Parkinson's disease patients with impulse control disorders on tapering down or withdrawal of their dopamine agonist. Drs Lindahl and MacMahon discuss the risk factors for the development of DAWS and some approaches to its management. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd


Automotive RADARs are used to distinguish the speed and scope of targets that is near the vehicle. A 24GHz array antenna is widely used for automotive applications. A $1 \times 4$ patch array antenna for automotive RADAR is presented in this article. The antenna dimension is $30 \times 60 \times 1.6\text{mm}^{3}$. The antenna produces a frequency of 24GHz. FR4-epoxy is the substrate used which bears a permittivity of 4.4. The proposed antenna has reflection co-efficient of −23.81dB and a gain of 9.7dB. This antenna delivers a VSWR of 1.38 in the working frequency.


The growing menace of cyber-related crimes in Nigeria is giving the government and other stakeholders in the information and communication technology sector a cause to worry. Apart from taking a toll on the nation's economic sphere, it has also affected the image of the country negatively especially when viewed against the backdrop of the recent ranking of Nigeria as third in global internet crimes behind United Kingdom and the United States. This scenario, no doubt, requires urgent attention. This chapter, therefore, proffer solutions and recommend ways to make the country's cyberspace free from incessant criminal attacks.


A case of unresectable malignant melanoma of the oral cavity, treated with cryosurgery, is reported. A complete remission of 10 months was obtained, followed by 2 local recurrences, both treated successfully (CR: 9 and 4 months). At 23 months after the first treatment, a new local recurrence was considered untreatable.


* Editorial * Assessing Learning in the New Age of Information Technology in Education * Instrument and Testing * Instruments for Assessing the Impact of Technology in Education * Using Interaction Content Analysis Instruments to Assess Distance Learning * Computer Testing in Education: Emerging Trends * Current Trends and Practices * Effective Practices in Distance Education * Assessing Student Learning in Instructional Technology: Dimensions of a Learning Model * New Directions in the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Educational Technology * Another Perspective on Assessing the Significance of Information Technology in Education * Evaluation of a Faculty Development Model for Technology Use in Higher Education for Late Adopters * Technology Training for Teacher Education in Jamaica: A Case for Needs Assessment * COATT: A State-Wide Initiative to Evaluate and Improve Teacher Technology Education * Technology 2000: Using Electronic Portfolios for the Performance Assessment of Teaching and Learning * Assessing Technology Based Instruction in Biology and Geography * Index * Reference Notes Included


iv Acknowledgements v Introduction 1 History 6 Legal Developments 18 2005 UND vs NCAA Court Case 18 2011 North Dakota State Law 22 2011 UND Students' Lawsuit 25 2011 Repeal and Petition Action/Measure 4 28 Theory 30 Post-Colonialism and Orientalism 30 Social Identity and Identity Theory 41 Social Dominance Theory 47 Conflict/Conflict Resolution Theory 51 Visual 59 Discourse 59 American Indian Imagery Use 65 UND Logo Image 70


Using expert interview,Literature material method and questionnaire,the article studied the new countryside sports culture construction conditions and dynamic support in Henan province.And the results show that:Through government and sports departments of leadership,the new counttryside sports is developing towards normality,scientific and sustainability,the direction of the new countryside sports culture faded prototypes.The spiritual demand of peasants,new countryside and the construction of harmonious society provides motive support for new countryside sports culture construction in Henan province.


An apparatus for simultaneously delivering at least two kinds of particles (B, W, R, S, BR) on a surface (18, 30) DADA, includes a head (10) MOBILE SUPPLY HAVING at least one member (12) pARTITION to separate at least two kinds of particles and define at least two doors (11, 11A, 11B) SUPPLY IN CONJUNCTION WITH HEAD OF SUPPLY, and a device (14, 16, 32, 34, 35) to introduce them at least two kinds of particles within the delivery head. MOLDING AN ARTICLE profile it is produced by a method using the apparatus. The method includes SUPPLYING SIMULTANEOUSLY THE GATES OF SUPPLY HEAD OF SUPPLY, WITH A MEMBER OF PARTITION Bordering ON given surface, thereby forms a pattern in progress on given surface, and allows the current model latched IN an integral mass.


The dynamics of inland valley wetlands landuse landcover (LULC) changes are of ecological and economical significance hence necessitating up‐to‐date datasets of resource status. Nalwekomba inland valley wetland is highly agriculturally utilised yet ecologically important wetland threatened with conversion. Historical LULC data sets as bench marks justifying wetland conservation are lacking. Therefore, the spatial–temporal LULC changes in Nalwekomba inland valley wetland were analysed through a combination of remote sensing and GIS, using satellite images of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 as reference years. Results revealed variable dominance of grassland and tree cover for the wetland and its catchment over the years; 32.7% and 35.3% and 30.9% and 29.8%, respectively, for 1990 and 41.4% and 30.4% and 26.3% and 29.1% for 2020. The 30‐year analysis revealed increasing area‐shifts for cropland and built‐up/settlement of 265.7% and 76.2%, respectively, reducing cover for shrubland by 78.31% in the wetland. Similar trend emerged for its catchment. Highest net cover gains and losses identified between 1990 and 2000 were for cropland and tree cover respectively. The observed trend points to the need for landuse planning and landcover management to enhance ecosystems' resilience to support sustainable livelihoods dependent on this ecosystem.


Epoxy/S2-glass reinforced composites (SGRPs) infused with Cloisite 30B nanoclays were manufactured using the vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) process. Prior to infusion, the matrix and clays were thoroughly mixed using a direct mixing technique (DMT) and a high shear mixing technique (HSMT) to ensure uniform dispersion of the nanoclays. Structures with varying clay contents (1–3 wt%) were manufactured. Both pristine and SGRP nanocomposites were then subjected to mechanical testing. For the specimens manufactured by DMT, the tensile, flexural, and compressive modulus increased with increasing the clay content. Similarly, the tensile, flexural, compressive, interlaminate shear and impact strength increased with the addition of 1 wt% clay; however the trend reversed with further increase in the clay content. Specimens manufactured by HSMT showed superior properties compared to those of nanocomposites containing 1 wt% clay produced by DMT. In order to understand these phenomena a morphological study was conducted. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs revealed that HSMT led to better dispersion and changed the nanoclay structure from orderly intercalation to disorderly intercalation giving multi-directional strength.


Modern information technologies provide text manipulation processes with high efficiency. First of all, this means storing, editing, and formatting texts and their components. Having achieved significant success in developing tools for content-free computer text processing, researchers faced problems with their content processing. Therefore, further steps in this direction are associated with the creation, among other things, of methods for automated purposeful manipulation of texts, taking into account their content. The analysis of works devoted to the study of the problems of formal presentation of texts and their subsequent use is carried out. Despite a number of successful projects, the challenges of solving the problem of the relationship between the content of the text and its meaning remain relevant. It seems that formalization of a General-purpose text while preserving its semantics is not feasible at this stage. However, there are types of texts that can be formalized while preserving their semantics. One of them is a regulatory text type, which is essentially a verbally expressed algorithm for a sequence of targeted actions. It is distinguished by logic and accuracy (lack of allegories), coherence and integrity, clarity, understandability (due to the lack of emotional coloring and figurative means), accessibility (due to the use of specific terminology). In other words, when developing regulatory texts, they usually try to display the mechanisms of the described actions as clearly as possible. Purpose: development of a method for formalizing a regulatory text while preserving its semantics. Methods: structural linguistics, representation of objects in the form of an ontology, constructive algorithms. The use of this method is demonstrated by describing the solution of a system of algebraic equations. Results: method for constructing a mathematical model of a regulatory text. Practical relevance: the application of the developed method makes it possible to develop software systems for building libraries of individual subject areas, develop tools for evaluating regulatory texts for their certainty, completeness, connectivity and other characteristics, as well as simulators and self-learning tools.


A method for treating the surface of a water absorbing resin, comprising adding a crosslinker Hydrophilic capable of reacting with at least two functional groups of the water-absorbing resin in a solvent organic hydrophobic to crosslink the resin in OR NEAR its surface. Hydrophilic crosslinker is added as a dispersion TO OBTAIN dispersing it in a solvent organic hydrophobic IN THE PRESENCE OF A SURFACTANT.


Recent years, the convolutional neural network have shown to provide excellent results on recognition in different competitions. However, challenges in specific missions still exist. The cluttered backgrounds and rich feature changes of wild environment bring great challenges to the problem of species recognition of wild animals. To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel and effective combination to learn a CNN model. This is achieved by apply simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC)super-pixel segmentation method to unified data dimension during the process of making raw image data (captured by camera-traps)into a dataset. In short, the super-pixel-divided images provides the input of the convolutional neural network. In order to verify the application, we conducted a comprehensive performance comparisons between our SLIC-dataset and generally used Resize-dataset over CNN networks. Results proved that our proposed method performs exceptionally well in low-resolution data when it is crucial to take full advantage of the edge information of original images. In addition, we collected and annotated a standard camera-trap dataset of 14 common wildlife species in China, which contains 16,480 training images and 4,120 testing images.


Microscopic traffic modelling is a popular tool in the transportation field, but using such models comes with significant data needs in order to properly calibrate them. Two important driver behavior parameters in these models are the preferred time headways and standstill distances. In this paper, an economical method for collecting headways and standstill distances is presented and applied to urban freeways in Iowa, USA. The following time headways and standstill distances were categorized into four combinations of car and truck pairs. It was found that headway values largely depend on the following vehicle type-when a car was following the average headway was around 2 seconds, compared to around 3 seconds when a truck was following. Additionally, the car-car combination leaves much less space when stopped than when a pair involves trucks. In particular, the average standstill distance of a car following a car was found to be around 9 feet, while the average standstill distances are around 12 feet when a truck is involved. However, both headways and standstill distances follow fairly disperse distributions, due to the heterogeneity in driver behavior. Thus, microsimulation software should be improved to allow these parameters to follow distributions.


The invention provides an electric balance swing vehicle. The electric balance swing vehicle comprises an inner cover, two wheels, stop pieces, a power source, a controller, multiple sensors and an inductive switch. The inner cover comprises a first inner cover body and a second inner cover body which are symmetrically arranged and can rotate and pedal regions are arranged on both the first inner cover body and the second inner cover body. The two wheels extend out of the two opposite sides of the inner cover respectively, are fixed to the two sides of the inner cover and can rotate around the inner cover. The stop pieces are arranged on the pedal regions and when a user stands on the pedal regions, the stop pieces move in the direction away from the user under the pressure. The power source, the controller and the sensors are fixed to the inner cover and the inductive switch is fixed to the side, away from the pedal regions, of the inner cover and used for sensing whether the stop pieces move or not. The controller is electrically connected with the sensors, the power source and hub motors, controls the corresponding hub motors to drive the corresponding wheels to rotate according to sensing signals transmitted by the sensors and receives sensing signals of the inductive switch to control the start and the stop of the hub motors.


The article looks at how sociology might regard the concept of 'character', both in terms of the way it is used in public discourse and in its own accounts of social life. In the former, the concept is likely to be regarded with suspicion, especially where it is used to explain individuals' life outcomes in a way that ignores social structures and depoliticizes inequalities. Such usages are to be found in political discourse on welfare and in the character education movement as a solution to problems of 'social mobility'. Yet if character refers to individuals' settled dispositions to act in certain ways, then it has some affinities with the Bourdieusian concept of habitus. The article argues both for developing the critique of ideological uses of the concept and for considering how it might be used in ways that do not misrepresent its explanatory and normative significance.


Abstract This paper develops an iterative learning control algorithm starting from some recent results in the area of predictive repetitive control. The algorithm uses receding horizon control and Laguerre functions to parameterize the future control trajectory, where the Laguerre functions reduce the number of parameters requiring optimization on-line. Stability of the predictive iterative learning control system is analyzed and conditions on error convergence are established. Supporting experimental results from application to a robot arm are also given.


With some GoM Lower Tertiary reservoir depths in excess of 30,000 ft (9,144 m), and reservoir interval lengths up to 1,500 ft (457 m), innovative completion methodologies must be devised to meet the challenges of the ultra deepwater sandface.


As a countermeasure against land sliding through a cut-slope in a complicated terrain, a soil reinforcement method and re-vegetation method, both using continuous fibers, were applied, and a monitoring was conducted to clarify their applicability. Afterwards, a follow-up survey was carried out to grasp the effectiveness of artificial soil with woody plants seeds for the vegetation growth. This is an interim report on this project.


1. When a frequency distribution is given, it is often important to know whether the corresponding frequency curve is Gauss' normal curve, and if not, whether it can be reduced to one by an adequat...


This research intends to know the impacts between distributive justice toward the perception organization support. This research is using causality research design with learning impacts between every variable. Method that is used in this research is to do regression analyzing with distributive justice variable as independence variable and perception organization support as independence variable. The total amount of this research is 185 samples. The result in this research has shown that distributive justice has significant impact toward organization belief. In the result of t-test has shown that distributive justice has affected positively and significantly toward perception organization support, this matter can be occurred because attitude or employee's psychologist situation can be influenced by relation between employee-organization.


This chapter discusses the way Murakami Haruki's 1999 short story collection after the quake , which deals with the theme of post-religious responses to disaster. It considers the most important story of the collection, all god's children can dance . The all god's children can dance story describes a young man who abandons the God of his mother's religion, but who is nevertheless open to the unseen presence of an unknown person or power as he dances on the pitcher's mound of a baseball diamond late at night. The chapter looks at how theory of mind, together with what some cognitive scientists label 'hyperactive agency detection', put simply, one constant vigilance for other minds, primes one ability to see others 'out there', to always wonder who, whether visibile or invisible, is watching one and why. It focuses on how this leads to a sense of moral cause and effect in the universe. Keywords: after the quake ; disaster; Japan; Murakami Haruki; Post-Religious Responses


Abstract : Electron-excitation cross sections of various states of the sodium atom were calculated by using a multi-state close coupling scheme in order to obtain more accurate cross sections than the Born approximation. To facilitate computations of the collision-related problems involving molecules, a scheme of expressing atomic and molecular wave functions in terms of the Gaussian-type orbitals (GTO) is adopted. Based on this scheme a computer program is developed to obtain self-consistent-field (SCF) wave functions as well as other numerical techniques. This program was used to calculate (1) electron-impact excitation cross sections of 12 electronic states of the N2 molecule and of 6 electronic states of the CO molecule; (2) wave functions and energy levels of the ground electronic state of the NO(+) ion and of 4 electronic states of the NO molecule for three different internuclear distances; (3) ab initio rate constants of two energy transfer reactions.


In the paper the role of anti-aliasing filters is revised based on control quality assessment of PID controllers when using a Butterworth antialiasing filter prior to sampling versus sampling without any analog filter. Numerical results show that contrary to common belief possible benefits gained from anti-aliasing devices are very restricted.


This study is a discriptive research to identify stress and powerlessness based on Korean hemodialysis patients' constitution. Research subject was 112 hemodialysis patients who are treatment processing in P university hospital and K hemodialysis hospital in S City, and the data were collected for 60 days from December 20, 1999 to January 30, 2000. The research tools used for the measurement of constitution was "QSCC II", the measurement of the stress was Jeon chi ja's "Scale of Hemodialysis patient's Stress"(1985), and the measurement of powerlessness was Kim joe ja's "Scale of Powerlessness"(1992). The reliability of the scale for stress is Cronbach's Alpha 0.8819 and that of powerlessness is Cronbach's Alpha 0.6993. Data analysis was performed using SPSSWin 9.0 software. We tested them with real number, percentage, average score, standard deviation, t-test, F-test(ANOVA), Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Multiple stepwise regression. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Hemodialysis patients' constitution were : Soyangin 38.4%, Taemin 34.8%, and Soeumin 26.8%. 2. The average score of the stress by hemodialysis patients were the mean points. The average score of powerlessness was the mean points, by hemodialysis patients. 3. The result of the Pearson Correlation showed no correlation between the score of stress and the score of powerlessness. 4. In their relationship between general characteristics and the score of stress : in marriage state, job(P=0.016, P=0.007) and In their relationship between general characteristics and the score of powerlessness : in age, marriage state, educational level, job(P=0.000, P=0.012, P=0.002, P=0.050) have statistically meaningful differences. 5. The factor affecting the powerlessness of hemodialysis patients was physical area of stress and its explanatory power was 18.5%.


Refractive indices of the twelve binary mixtures between polar aliphatic molecules, viz., 1-bromopropane, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromopentane and nonpolar hydrocarbon molecules, viz., cyclohexane, benzene, 1, 4-dimethylbenzene and 1, 3, 5- trimethylbenzene for the entire concentration range have been measured at 308.15 K. Deviation in refractive indices from that for ideal mixture, molar refraction, deviation in molar refraction from ideal mixture values, molecular radius and deviation in molecular radius from the values for ideal mixtures for these mixtures have also been evaluated. The results are discussed in terms of molecular interactions between the components of the binary mixtures.


Background:  Many epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between periodontal disease and coronary artery disease but their result is heterogeneous. This review article is designed to update the association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular events. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess whether there is a link between periodontal and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: This study includes 90 subjects, which were divided into 3 groups: 30 subjects -healthy individuals, 30 subjects- having Periodontitis, 30 subjects-  suffering from coronary artery diseases. Results:  The mean OHI-S scores for group 1, 2 and 3 were 0.95±0.60, 2.91±0.90, 1.54±0.74 respectively. CRP level group 2 and 3 were significantly higher than group 1 (p =0.002 and 0.00 respectively) whereas difference between group 2 and 3 was not significantly significant. Lipid profiles, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides higher in group 2 as compare to 1 and 3. High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels between groups were not significantly different. Conclusions:  Based on results and other reports Periodontitis may be a risk factor for CAD and possibly there can be an association between periodontal diseases.


A comprehensive computer program for the modeling of wind energy and storage systems utilizing any combination of five types of storage (pumped hydro, battery, thermal, flywheel and pneumatic) was developed. The level of detail of Simulation Model for Wind Energy Storage (SIMWEST) is consistent with a role of evaluating the economic feasibility as well as the general performance of wind energy systems. The software package consists of two basic programs and a library of system, environmental, and load components. The first program is a precompiler which generates computer models (in FORTRAN) of complex wind source storage application systems, from user specifications using the respective library components. The second program provides the techno-economic system analysis with the respective I/O, the integration of systems dynamics, and the iteration for conveyance of variables. SIMWEST program, as described, runs on the UNIVAC 1100 series computers.


Yoshikawa envisions this volume as promoting dialogue among scholars in various disciplines. To that end, both historians and literary scholars, as well as those in disability studies, contribute essays. The essays, however, cover the late middle ages and nearly all examine English texts. The volume is divided into four thematic sections: »Mary as Physician«; »Female Mysticism and Metaphors of Illness«; »FifteenthCentury Poetry and Theological Prose«; »Disfigurement and Disability«.


The pilot spoofing attack is considered as an active eavesdropping activity launched by an adversary during the reverse channel training phase. By transmitting the same pilot signal as the legitimate user, the pilot spoofing attack is able to degrade the quality of legitimate transmission and, more severely, facilitate eavesdropping. In an effort to detect the pilot spoofing attack and minimize its damages, in this paper we propose a novel random-training-assisted (RTA) pilot spoofing detection algorithm. In particular, we develop a new training mechanism by adding a random training phase after the conventional pilot training phase. By examining the difference of the estimated legitimate channels during these two phases, the pilot spoofing attack can be detected accurately. If no spoofing attack is detected, we also present a computationally efficient channel estimation enhancement algorithm to further improve the channel estimation accuracy. For the case of the missed detection of the spoofing attack, we also propose a secure transmission algorithm for downlink data transmission to enhance the security. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RTA scheme can achieve efficient pilot spoofing detection in all cases and its performance is superior to other state-of-the-art detectors.


Various mechanisms for authenticating users of computer-based information systems have been proposed. These include traditional, user-selected passwords, system-generated passwords, passphrases, cognitive passwords and associative passwords. While the mechanisms employed in primary passwords are determined by the operating systems'manufacturers, system designers can select any password mechanism for secondary passwords, to further protect sensitive applications and data files. This paper reports on the results of an empirically based study of passwords characteristics. It provides a comparative evaluation on the memorability and users'subjective preferences of the various passwords mechanims, and suggests that cognitive passwords and associative passwords seem the most appropriate for secondary passwords


In most of the real world engineering applications, stability analysis of compressed members is very crucial. There have been many researches dedicated to the buckling behavior of axially compressed members. On the other hand, obtaining analytical solutions for the buckling behavior of columns with variable cross-section subjected to complicated load configurations are almost impossible in most of the cases. Some of the works related to obtaining analytical or analytical approximate solutions for the column buckling problem are provided below.


Purpose : Drug interaction is a phenomenon that has to be thoroughly investigated in order to avoid adverse effects. This review article highlights the drug interaction of oral hypoglycemics by mechanism of cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition. Approach : Published articles from PubMed and other sources were used to review and compile these drug interaction studies. Findings : Drug interaction in oral hypoglycemics by mechanism of cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition can increase the risk of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients and hence dose adjustments may be required. Conclusion : These drug interaction studies are essential for patients suffering from diabetes mellitus as it prevents the risk of occurrence of hypoglycemia. This information is also important for the prescribing physicians as dose alteration or alternate drugs need to administered in case of concomitant administration of drugs in case of polypharmacy.


This thesis examines the gendered impacts of the 2015 earthquake on women in Nepal. The purpose of this study is to identify factors contributing to the vulnerability of women and explore gender sensitivity of the relief materials provided post-2015 earthquake. Five major themes were identified that put women in vulnerable situations. These include, menstruations and pregnancy, which are unique experience of women; bathing and toilet needs, which are different than their male counterparts; caretaking duties, which was found to be the primary role of women interviewed; age based vulnerabilities, which puts older women in unique conditions that affect their vulnerability and; Violence against women. Findings of this study also indicate a huge lack of gender sensitivity in relief materials and its distribution. This study utilizes Sandra Harding's "Standpoint theory" and Patricia Hill Collin's "Theory of intersectionality" to examine the unique gendered experience of women, and the impact of factors like caste, age, poverty on their vulnerabilities. The findings of this study can be utilized by local and international agencies to plan better gender-sensitive disaster preparedness; by researchers interested in exploring specific themes that cause vulnerabilities; and national Governments in bringing about policy level changes to better serve the population of women during the time of disaster. Acknowledgement This research study has been possible because of the contribution of multiple individuals. Specifically, I am incredibly thankful to my thesis adviser Dr. Ana Maria Perez for stepping in as my advisor, when I needed the most. This journey would not have been possible without your constant support and belief in me. You have played a fundamental role in all steps of completion of this research. Thank you for being there always. To my committee member Dr. Afroza Anwari, thank you for supporting me and always being there whenever I needed someone to have a conversation about third world problems! Thank you to Dr. Bevaqua, for your valuable input and belief in me. I am deeply grateful of your guidance and support. I am also grateful to Dr. Shannon Miller and Dr. Laura Harrison, who taught me what feminism is all about! I have received a significant advertisement assistance from my friends and family back home, who took time from their daily work to spread words about my research study. Thank you for believing in me. 20 Nepalese women participated in this study and to each of them I am eternally grateful. Many participants generously gave their time away from their busy life to participate in this research. Thank you so much for being


The do1 nets contribute the major share to the landing of Bombay duck Hurpodon nehereus. Features of the
do1 net fishery, fishing areaand seasonal distribution of the fishery are presented. Biological studies are chiefly
confined to food and feeding habits, analysis of maturity stages, sex ratio and length-weight relationship. The
lengthat50%maturity was observed as 230 mm. Different spawning cycles were noticed and fecundity evinced
alinearincreasewith fish weight. The growth parameters and mortality estimates were made. Assuming terminal
exploitation rate as 0.78, the average catch was observed to be 52 213 tonnes. MSY estimated by Thompson
and Bell model was 5463 1 tomes and biomass MSY as 76893 tonnes and hence it wasassumed that theBombay
duck along the Maharnshtra coast was optimally exploited.


Intracellular palmitoylation dynamics are regulated by a large family of DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys) palmitoyl transferases. The majority of DHHC proteins associate with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or Golgi membranes, but an interesting exception is DHHC2, which localizes to dendritic vesicles of unknown origin in neurons, where it regulates dynamic palmitoylation of PSD95. Dendritic targeting of newly synthesized PSD95 is likely preceded by palmitoylation on Golgi membranes by DHHC3 and/or DHHC15. The precise intracellular distribution of DHHC2 is presently unclear, and there is very little known in general about how DHHC proteins achieve their respective localizations. In this study, membrane targeting of DHHC2 in live and fixed neuroendocrine cells was investigated and mutational analysis employed to define regions of DHHC2 that regulate targeting. We report that DHHC2 associates with the plasma membrane, Rab11-positive recycling endosomes, and vesicular structures. Plasma membrane integration of DHHC2 was confirmed by labeling of an extrafacial HA epitope in nonpermeabilized cells. Antibody-uptake experiments suggested that DHHC2 traffics between the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes. This dynamic localization was confirmed using fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching analysis, which revealed constitutive refilling of the recycling endosome (RE) pool of DHHC2. The cytoplasmic C-terminus of DHHC2 regulates membrane targeting and a mutant lacking this domain was associated with the ER. Although DHHC2 is closely related to DHHC15, these proteins populate distinct membrane compartments. Construction of chimeric DHHC2/DHHC15 proteins revealed that this difference in localization is a consequence of divergent sequences within their C-terminal tails. This study is the first to highlight dynamic cycling of a mammalian DHHC protein between clearly defined membrane compartments, and to identify domains that specify membrane targeting of this protein family. INTRODUCTION S-palmitoylation, the attachment of long-chain fatty acids (predominantly palmitate, C16:0) onto cysteine residues, is a posttranslational modification occurring on a diverse array of cellular proteins (Kang et al., 2008). Our understanding of the cell biology of palmitoylation is advancing rapidly, with research on distinct cells and systems converging to highlight key regulatory mechanisms attributable to this lipid modification (for reviews, see Greaves and Chamberlain, 2007; Linder and Deschenes, 2007; Greaves et al., 2009; Fukata and Fukata, 2010; Salaun et al., 2010). Protein palmitoylation has been shown to regulate 1) membrane binding; 2) the precise membrane micro-localization of proteins; 3) protein traffic and sorting; 4) protein–protein interactions; and 5) protein stability. Monitoring Editor Jean E. Gruenberg University of Geneva Received: Nov 29, 2010 Revised: Mar 16, 2011 Accepted: Mar 29, 2011 MBoC | ARTICLE This article was published online ahead of print in MBoC in Press (http://www .molbiolcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1091/mbc.E10-11-0924) on April 6, 2011. Address correspondence to: Luke H. Chamberlain (firstname.lastname@example.com). Abbreviations used: AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4isoxazole-propionic acid; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BSA, bovine serum albumin; EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FCS, fetal calf serum; FRAP, fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching; HA, hemagglutinin; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; RE, recycling endosome; RFP-ER, endoplasmic reticulum marker; SNAP, synaptosomal-associated protein; SNARE, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; TGN, trans-Golgi network; TIRF, total internal reflection fluorescence; TMD, transmembrane domain. © 2011 Greaves et al. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0). "ASCB®," "The American Society for Cell Biology®," and "Molecular Biology of the Cell®" are registered trademarks of The American Society of Cell Biology.


From the experience of specific design,induction the principle and the size relationships of sales expansion components,and through the finite element analysis to calculate inflation component and stepped off the strength of direct axis safety factor and deflection.The results showed:under the same working environment,expansion of marketing components with high strength safety factor and the small deformation.Con sidering the expansion of marketing components to facilitate the demolition of the characteristics of swelling obta ined compared to the traditional ladder sold direct axis component of high superiority,application of proposed exp ansion of miner on the components of the proposed sale.


A quantitative study was carried out on the homogeneous zirconocene dichloride/methylalumoxane/trimethylaluminum (Cp2ZrCl2/MAO/TMA) catalyst system in ethylene polymerization. The effects of variation of the AlMAO/Zr ratio, absolute Zr concentration, and addition of TMA on ethylene polymerization activity and polymer properties were investigated. The polymerization profiles for small AlMAO/Zr ratios and the changes with the Zr concentration are explained with a complexation equilibrium for the active homogeneous complex and with the change to a heterogeneous catalyst upon polymer precipitation. Good polymer productivities can be achieved at AlMAO/Zr < 1000 when working at Zr concentrations between 10−4 and 10−5 mol/l with addition of TMA (AlMAO/AlTMA≈ 1.4).

Das homogene Katalysatorsystem Zirconocendichlorid/Methylalumoxan/Trimethylaluminium (Cp2ZrCl2/MAO/TMA) wurde bezuglich des Einflusses der Variation des Almao/Zr-Verhaaltnisses, der absoluten Zr-Konzentration und der Addition von TMA auf die Polymerisationsaktivitaat von Ethylen und die Polymereigenschaften untersucht. Die Polymerisationsprofile bei kleinen Almao/Zr-Verhaaltnissen und die aAnderungen mit der Zr-Konzentration werden mit einem Komplexierungsgleichgewicht fur den aktiven homogenen Katalysator und mit einem Wechsel zu einem heterogenen Katalysator aufgrund der Polymerabscheidung waahrend der Polymerisation erklaart. Gute Polymerproduktivitaaten werden mit AlMAO/Zr < 1000 bei Zr-Konzentrationen zwischen 10−4und 10−5 mol/I und Zugabe von TMA (AlMAO/AlTMA ≈ 1.4) erreicht.


Radio frequency identification (RFID) operates in different frequency bands (e.g., 125 kHz, 13.56 MHz, 868/915 MHz, 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz). Nowadays, indoor environment communications at frequency range 2.45 GHz have Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) of wireless personal area networks (WPANs) and RFID systems working altogether which occur interference signals mainly by IEEE 802.15.1 of WPANs. This paper analyzes about interference effect from IEEE 802.15.1 to performance of RFID system at 2.45 GHz. From our study, it indicates that IEEE 802.15.1 interference can cause a significant increase in the bit error rate (BER) and the radio propagation loss of RFID system.


The chapter presents a review of a variety of theories and models of adopting and adapting new technological tools such as social media for young people and the impact of their outcomes such as employment, learning at work, and communication. The chapter tries to explain the influence of digital technologies on young adult career selection. The chapter encompasses four principles including self-concepts, adult learner experience, opinion polls, and readiness to learn. As youth workers are expected to be lifelong learners, and youth work itself is an area that continues to be established in learning settings, this chapter on the values of adult learners, alongside theories, helps learners to understand and create more practical learning environments.


A yeast strain Y-1 producing alkaline lipase was screened from oily soil. One strain Y-11 with higher lipaseactivity was obtained from Y-1 after combination treatment of UV and HNO2, breeded by nystatin and sodium succinate hexahydrate. Conditions for lipase production and properties of lipase were studied. The optimal conditions for lipaseproduction were: soybean flour as nitrogen source, 1 % soluble starch and 1 % olive oil as carbon source. The optimal pHand temperature for hydrolysis of olive oil were 8. 0 and 40℃, respectively . The lipase was stable below 60℃ and in therange of pH7-10. Mg2+ .Ca2+.K+ .Fe+promted lipase activity, whereas Mn2+.Ca2+.Na2+ .Zn2+caused inhibition.


contributing to human well-being. In Locke's argument that property is a natural right (in chap. 5 of the Second Treatise of Government), the prohibition on waste serves to justify the accumulation of imperishable goods, that is, capital. Further, propertyless people are implicitly condemned for having, in effect, wasted their time and labor power by not producing goods. Waste, that is, is a central ethical category for Locke. Given Hawkins's interest in the concept of value, which she considers throughout the book, it was surprising that she did not address Locke's theory.


Aiming to the problems of poor working charateristic in LLC resonant converter during no-loads output and current-limiting condition,the LLC resonant converter with PWM control is widely applied for no-loads regulation and current-limiting.Regarding LLC resonant converter with PWM,it elaborates operational principles in different duty cycles.With respect of time domain,it analyzes the character of input and output.It is concluded that the experience consequence is consistent with proposed theory at a prototype of 370~390 V input and 60 V/3.6 kW output.


The literature sources on the influence of woody vegetation on the content of humus in chernozem soils were analyzed. In scientific literature, there are many articles from scholars from around the world on the study of the content of organic matter in the soil under various types of plantings. Proceeding from this, there is a need for comprehensive research on humus of reference black soil common. Separately there is the question of the influence of artificial forest plantations of different wood structure and light structure on the complex characteristics of ascending ordinary black soil. The importance of these studies is due to the complex ecological role played by humus in soils. As a result of the analysis of literary data, it was discovered that woody vegetation increases the content of organic matter and positively affects the black soils. Regularities of change in the humus state are connected, first of all, with the type of land use. Under each tree species there is a characteristic and peculiar humus distribution in the soil profile, which differs significantly from the quantitative or qualitative distribution of humus in the soil horizons. In general, under the forest vegetation, the content of humus increases, as well as the structure of the soil improves, the permeability and porosity of the upper layer of soil increases. In the course of the literary analysis it became clear that the older the tree plantations, the greater the thickness of the humus horizon below them. In the monitoring sites under the Tilia cordata, there is a tendency to increase the content of humus, hygroscopic moisture, absorption capacity and granulometric composition, indicating improvement of soil conditions. Plantation of Acer platanoides leads to a decrease in the content of total humus in a 0-30-centimeter layer of soil, but with depth this index is gradually increasing. Under the Quercus robus plantations in the surface layer of soil, scientists observed a decrease in humus content, and in the middle layers of soil, on the contrary, an increase in this indicator. With a depth observed leaching of humus. The indicator of humus under Quercus robus is characterized by a significantly higher level of humus, than in black soil. So, the results are typical for humus in zonal chornozems. The data of some authors show that it is in natural forests that the best conditions for the humus accumulation in black soils are formed in comparison with the soils of artificial forests and soils under zonal vegetation (motley grass, Bromus spp., Stipa spp.). Under forest vegetation, leafy deposits form a litter. The Robinia pseudoacacia litter results in improved physical and chemical properties of soils, increases the content of organic matter, exchangeable potassium, absorption capacity, increases aggregate stability and moisture content, decreases pH and density. Scientific literature notes that the creation of Robinia plantations in soils that have previously lost its forest cover provides an increase in the content and storage of soil organic carbon compared to the Caragana korshinskii plantations. According to our literature data, the most rational measure to increase the soil fertility is the creation of an effective system of protective forest plantations, which are characterized by a favorable integrated influence on the steppe soils.


The chiral separation of nine selenoamino acids using a crown ether HPLC column coupled to ICP-MS for detection is described. Three different temperatures were investigated for the separation of the enantiomers of individual amino acids and for a mixture of eight selenoamino acids. Although complete resolution was not achieved, better resolution of the mixture was obtained at higher temperatures. Selenium enriched onion, garlic and yeast were also analyzed. Two different extraction methods for the samples are compared; water extraction and a pepsin enzymatic extraction. Some of the selenoamino acid enantiomers are identified for the different extraction methods. Comparison is also made with earlier reported ion pairing separations for some of these selenoamino acids.


Organizations are becoming increasingly dependent on information technology for different purposes, such as project and resource-management systems, cooperative work systems and organizational memo ...


The intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and sleep quality are impaired in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG). In this study, we investigated whether ipRGCs and sleep quality were also impaired in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG).


Review(s) of: Robert Baxt, Keith Fletcher, and Saul Fridman, Afterman and Baxt's Case and Materials on Corporations, Butterworths (7th ed, 1996) pp i-li. 1-944, ISBN 0409310921. Review(s) of: Roman Tomasic, James Jackson and Robin Woellner, Corporations Law: Principles Policy and Process, , Butterworths (3rd ed, 1996) pp i-Ixviii, 1-1008, ISBN 00409309133. Includes footnotes.


As a part of the New World Vistas Program, a series of ultra-compact explosive-driven ferroelectric generators (EDFEGs) has been designed, constructed, and tested by Texas Tech University providing well-documented EDFEG output parameters that were used to benchmark a theoretical model of the EDFEG developed at the Institute of Electromagnetic Research. A description of the model for the EDFEG is presented along with a brief description of the EDFEG, the experimental setup, and test procedures that were used. A comparison of the experimental and calculated results shows them to be in good agreement.


Families with gay and lesbian parents are becoming more common throughout the country, and they often face discrimination due to their unique family structure. In an exploratory study using a series of open-ended questions, 10 adult children with at least one identifiable gay or lesbian parent, were interviewed and asked to discuss their childhood experiences growing up in diverse families. Data were analyzed by the common themes that emerged. Understanding the retrospective views of adult children with gay or lesbian parents will allow social workers the ability to tailor services to ensure the needs of these new family constellations are met.


A new and convenient route for the synthesis of the thieno[3,2-e]indolizines 4a,b,d, the thieno[2,3-c]quinolizine 4e and their [1]benzothieno analogues 9a,b is presented. Reaction of the (dialkylamino)thiophenes 1, 5 and 7 with (methoxymethylene)malononitrile (2) gives the Michael adducts 3, 6 and 8. Heating of 3 and 8 in refluxing 1-butanol gives the cyclized products 4 and 9. This cyclization proceeds via a 1,5 hydrogen shift, followed by an intramolecular addition of the carbanion to the iminium double bond in the intermediate 10 formed. The scope and limitations of this approach are discussed.


Effects of IBA at various concentrations on the rooting formation of stem cuttings of Paeonia lactiflora 'Dafugui' was investigated. Changes in activities of peroxidase (POD),polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO) during rooting were also investigated. The rooting percent,the number and total length of roots significantly increased as the cuttings were pretreated with IBA at various concentrations. The pretreatment with 2 000 mg·L-1 IBA exhibited the best rooting responses,i.e. 18 days of rooting in advance and significantly improved quality of the adventitious roots. POD and PPO activities showed the trend as slow increase and then decrease,followed by rapid increase and then decline,and decrease,then and final decrease,respectively. A similar trend existed between IBA-treated and non-IBA-treated cuttings. However,the activities of the two enzymes in IBA-treated cuttings changed more sharply and the peak in their activities appeared 18 d earlier than those of non-IBA-treated cutting. IAAO activity of non-IBA-treated cutting maintained a high level increased,then declined,and finally increased,while in IBA-treated cuttings it declined and then increased,during rooting. The high activities of POD and PPO and low activity of IAAO appeared to be suitable indexes for rooting.


Knockout mice lacking serotonin 1B (5‐hydroxytryptamine 1B ; 5‐HT 1B ) receptors (1BKO) exhibit increased sensitivity to the stimulant and reinforcing effects of indirect dopamine (DA) agonists and are more reactive to mild stressors such as handling and the injection procedures that commonly occur when using the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route of drug administration. Since the intravenous (i.v.) route of administration allows minimal handling and injection‐induced stress, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of the administration route on amphetamine‐induced locomotor activation and behavioural sensitization in 1BKO mice. For this purpose, 1BKO and wild‐type (WT) control mice were administered i.p. or i.v. amphetamine in a within‐session design, which allows evaluation of a complete dose–response curve within a single session. The locomotor stimulant effects of i.p. (0.5–4.0 mg/kg) and i.v. (0.6–1.2 mg/kg) amphetamine were investigated both acutely and following repeated treatments (four treatments at 48 h intervals). The results showed that acute i.p. amphetamine injection induced a significant higher horizontal activity peak effect in 1BKO mice, while this difference was less profound after acute i.v. injection. However, repeated i.p. or i.v. administration of amphetamine induced significantly higher locomotion in 1BKO mice. We conclude that the stimulant effects of amphetamine can be influenced by the route of administration in a genotype‐dependent manner, and that route of drug administration (and associated variables) should be considered an important factor in studies of psychostimulant action in knockout mice.


If you were out and about in Sydney in summer, you would have likely encountered the profiles of an Aboriginal man, two white men, and a white woman across the city. Beneath their faces lay the words: My Story, Our History. Although these portraits spearheaded the advertising campaign for the new, eighteen million-dollar, Hyde Park Barracks Museum, this publicity material relied on well-worn convict tropes. The tagline, My Story, Our History, seemed tired considering that the connection between convict experience and national history has long been interrogated by historians and the public. Moreover, the expressions of the men and woman on the advertising material were either defiant or despairing, the black and white palette adding to the sense that this was a history of hardship, even trauma. From outward appearances, it appeared that the museum would provide an expensive new gloss over an enduring national mythology: that convicts were 'more sinned against than sinning', and that their history was simply one of violence and oppression. Unfortunately, the museum does not diverge greatly from this marketing campaign. However, there are advances in interpretation. The Hyde Park Barracks Museum pairs new technologies with historical artefacts and advances in convict historiography to create an immersive experience for its visitors. This is apparent the moment that the visitor steps through the threshold into the Barracks' complex. The area surrounding the Barracks has been transformed byWiradjuri/Kamilaroi artist Jonathan Jones. Using red and white gravel sourced on Wiradjuri country, Jones emblazoned the 2,500 square metre courtyard with symbols that drew on both Aboriginal emu footprints and English broad arrows for inspiration. The contrast between the white and red remains stark in some areas, while in others it blurs as red and white intermingle and the design is worn away by the tread of visitors' feet (Figure 1). While this art installation was a temporary addition to the site, the connection between Aboriginal and European histories is one of Hyde Park Barracks' notable strengths. Rather than relegating Aboriginal people to a tokenistic, pre-contact zone at the beginning of the museum, the interwoven nature of Aboriginal and European histories is a feature of the site. Several rooms are dedicated to postcontact Aboriginal history, with frontier violence explored in depth and descendants' oral histories and opinions a recurring feature of the museum. In line with contemporary scholarship, there is recognition that people indigenous to other


The chapter focuses on the specific modus operandi of European policies towards the states of the Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa in the time period under consideration (1995 to 2015). It highlights the modalities of Europe's attempt to export large parts of the European order beyond its borders. These have entailed the co-optation of political and economic elites in the MENA states, in addition to the selective 'outsourcing' of EU border controls to its southern periphery. Focusing primarily on trade policy and migration, security, and border control cooperation, the chapter shows that the interests and rationale of European policies towards its southern periphery remained largely unchanged during these two decades, both before and after the Arab uprisings.


A comprehensive model for the kraft pulping kinetics of Eucalyptus saligna hardwood is presented. Kinetic parameters were estimated by fitting the model to available experimental data taken from the literature over a range of process variables. The model takes into account the effect of hydroxide and sulfide concentration in the liquor as well as the temperature−time history of the cooking. Model predictions were successfully compared with an independent set of bench-scale plant data for lignin and carbohydrate dissolution. The model is able to predict quite well the trends of the process variables.


When Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal recently sued the U.S. Department of Education in opposition to the Common Core, he pointed to his son's math homework as the last straw. The governor, however, is not the only parent to rail against a tradition nearly as old as school itself. Homework is a subject of lawsuits, state legislation, parent group meetings, and kitchen table debates across the nation. Both state and federal laws have been recent influences on a student's homework. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) transformed academic expectations of students and thus their homework assignments. By contrast, the last few years have featured the creation and deployment of the Common Core State Standards --a forward-looking set of broad principles adopted voluntarily by all but a handful of states. Gov. Jindal told news out lets that a negative encounter with homework sparked his August 2014 federal lawsuit. When his son brought home an "indecipherable" math paper one day, Jindal said, it flipped his previous support for Common Core into intense opposition. Jindal asserts in his 29-page complaint that the Common Core "forces states down a path toward a national curriculum" and is being implemented " ... in contradiction to 50 years of Congressional policy forbidding federal direction or control of curriculum, the cornerstone of education policy." Even though more than 40 states adopted the English and math standards on their own, Jindal suggests that states were coerced because adopting the Common Core was the easiest way to qualify for billions of dollars in Race to the Top funds and to receive waivers from NCLB requirements. Jindal has used legal means before to challenge the Common Core. In June 2014, he issued executive orders to halt Louisiana's Common Core testing. Two months later a Louisiana state court reversed that order, ruling that Jindal's deed would create "a state of chaos" in Louisiana's K-12 public schools. The summertime blues Jindal's courtroom defeat is mirrored by another parent who earlier responded to homework frustration with legal action. In 2005, a Milwaukee-area parent, Bruce Larson, and his 17-year-old son, Peer, sued to quash a teacher's rule that precalculus honor students must complete three homework assignments by certain dates during summer break. The father and son duo from the suburban Milwaukee hamlet of Hales Corner included the state superintendent of public instruction, the Whitnall High School principal, the math department chair, and Aaron Bieniek, his math teacher, as defendants. Peer said he submitted his homework late (and got a lesser grade in response) due to his challenging job as a camp counselor. Milwaukee County Circuit Court Judge Richard Sankovitz was not amused. He called the lawsuit frivolous and said Peer should be directing his homework angst to the school board. "Had the Larsons done a bit more homework," Sankovitz wrote in the opinion, they would have noticed that "the people of our state granted to the Legislature ... the power to establish school boards." The Larsons appealed the decision and lost again, but this time the Wisconsin Court of Appeals ordered them to pay court costs and attorneys' fees. "The Larsons have utterly failed to present an arguable legal basis showing why their case should not have been dismissed," the state court decision explained. "Summer homework--particularly for an honors class for which students receive additional credit--fits comfortably within the range of what is reasonable." This kind of clash is not unique to U.S. public schools. In 2009, a Calgary, Alberta, couple sued over the amount of homework their children received. Tom and Shelli Milley prevailed, signing a settlement with their Catholic school. The agreement allowed their son and daughter to be graded only on work done in the classroom. "With two children in school, there was just an inordinate amount of homework coming home and a lot of it was busy work," the dad, Tom Milley, said. …


"The Treatise on the Elucidation of the Knowable" by the Tibetan master 'Phags-pa was composed in 1278 as a "manual of Buddhism" for crown prince Zhenjin, second son of the Mongol emperor Qubilai. "The Cycle of the Formation of the Schismatic Doctrines" is based on Xuanzang's seventh-century Chinese translation ("Yibuzonglunlun") of the "Samayabhedoparacanacakra", an essay by the first-century scholar-monk Vasumitra on the various schismatic doctrines that began to arise soon after the Buddha's lifetime. This work presents two titles in one volume.


The main objective of this paper is to derive the Enneper-Weierstrass representation of minimal surfaces in $\mathbb{E}^3$ using the soliton surface approach. We exploit the Bryant-type representation of conformally parametrized surfaces in the hyperbolic space $H^3(\lambda)$ of curvature $-\lambda^2$, which can be interpreted as a 2 by 2 linear problem involving the spectral parameter $\lambda$. In the particular case of constant mean curvature-$\lambda$ surfaces a special limiting procedure $(\lambda\rightarrow 0)$, different from that of Umehara and Yamada [33], allows us to recover the Enneper-Weierstrass representation. Applying such a limiting procedure to the previously known cases, we obtain Sym-type formulas. Finally we exploit the relation between the Bryant representation of constant mean curvature-$\lambda$ surfaces and second-order linear ordinary differential equations. We illustrate this approach by the example of the error function equation.


A method to quantify the efficiency of the first two operational stages of a nanosecond Dielectric Barrier Discharge (ns-DBD) plasma actuator is proposed. The method is based on the independent measurements of the energy of electrical pulses and the useful part of the energy which heats up the gas in the discharge region. Energy input is calculated via a back current shunt technique as the difference between the energy given and the energy reflected back. The ratio of the difference of the latter two quantities and the energy input gives the electrical efficiency (ηE) of a ns-DBD. The extent of the energy deposited is estimated via Schlieren visualizations and infrared thermography measurements. Then, the ideal power flux obtained if all the inputted energy was converted into heat is calculated. Transient surface temperature was measured via infrared thermography and used to solve a one-dimensional Inverse Heat Transfer Problem (IHTP) in a direction normal to the surface. It gives as output the actual power flux. The estimated ratio between the two power fluxes represents a quantification of the mechanical fluid efficiency (ηFM) of a ns-DBD plasma actuator. Results show an inverse proportionality between ηE, and ηFM, and the thickness of the barrier. The efficiency of the first two operational stages of a ns-DBD is further defined as η = ηE · ηFM. 1 PostDoc Researcher, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. email: email@example.com 2 PostDoc Researcher, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. 3 Senior researcher, Princeton University, New Jersey, USA. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by IOPscience Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol49 (2016) 505201 (10pp) available online: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:10.1088/0022-3727/49/50/505201


use U80. Both doctors and patients would resist doubling the injection volume, which would result if U80 was abandoned and U40 became standard. If we standardised on U80 we would be the only country in the world likely to do so, and old syringes and obsolete instruction leaflets would continue to cause confusion. U100 has already been adopted by the United States, Canada, and Austrialia, with New Zealand following shortly. After seeing the results from clinical trials at several British centres, considering the experience of other countries, and debating the problems and hazards of change, the British Diabetic Association determined to seek standardisation of insulin strength at U100. Doctors who belong to the BDA voted unanimously for this change. At a meeting in Aberdeen in September 1980 they showed their disquiet that the change was proceeding so slowly. Other professional bodies have also formally welcomed the principle of U100 as the sole insulin strength: the Royal Colleges of Physicians of London, Edinburgh, and Ireland; the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow; the Royal College of General Practitioners; the British Paediatric Association; and the General Medical Services Committee of the British Medical Association. With U100 insulin will come a new British Standard U100 insulin syringe, graduated and numbered directly in units of insulin. There will be two sizes-one for injections of up to 50 units, the other up to 100 units and both marked in units. The 50-unit syringe will allow even small doses to be measured and delivered accurately. These syringes have already been shown to be suitable for small children. Plastic syringes for U100 are already available and though in most areas patients still have to buy them, they are very cheap if used repeatedly, safe,' and recommended by most clinics and by the BDA. We hope that the change to U100 will come in 1982. The change-over will probably be largely carried out at diabetic clinics, though general practitioners and all other relevant agencies will be affected. A carefully prepared programme of information and organisation has already been started. We believe that the great majority of doctors accept that the interest and safety of diabetic patients is best served by this change. Legitimate doubts and hesitations have been expressed-particularly a reluctance to change the practice for a patient already well established for whom there may be no obvious advantage. The whole-hearted support of the medical profession is vital so that the demand for U40 and U80 ends and these strengths are withdrawn. Initiating, organising, and implementing the change to U100 are in the hands of the doctors, for there is no legislative process in Britain by which the withdrawal can be effected. We solicit their support earnestly but confidently.


Online social work education has grown rapidly in recent years, and practice courses now are frequently taught online. The present study contributes to the growing body of knowledge regarding best practices in online social work education by examining the effects of small-group learning communities on student learning and on student satisfaction in an online MSW practice course. Findings indicate that online MSW students participating in learning communities viewed the learning communities as useful, had higher levels of student satisfaction with the course, and demonstrated greater learning of course content than online MSW students participating only on one general discussion board.


The article deals with the problem of specialist's participation in the scene examination, which is carried out before entering information into the Unified Register of the pre-trial investigations. The essence of the problem is that the current criminal procedural law of Ukraine recognizes the specialist's participation only in the pre-trial investigation, the litigation and the proceedings in the case of the commission of an unlawful act under the law of Ukraine on criminal liability. Part 1 of Article 71 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine states that a specialist in criminal proceedings is a person who has special knowledge and skills and can provide advice and conclusions during the pre-trial investigation and trial on issues that require appropriate special knowledge and skills. In other cases, the specialist has no procedural status. In addition, Part 1 of Article 237 of the CPC of Ukraine «Examination» states that the examination is conducted to identify and record information on the circumstances of the offense commitment. It is an act provided by the law of Ukraine on criminal liability. However, there are the cases in the investigation, when a report is received, for example, about a person's death, other events with formal signs of the offense, which must first be checked for signs of a crime, and only then the act can be considered as offense. In this case, a specialist takes part in the scene examination. However, the current criminal procedure law in accordance with Part 1, Article 71 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine determines the legal status of a specialist only as the participant in criminal proceedings. The paragraph 10, part 1 of Article 3 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine defines the criminal proceedings as pre-trial investigation and court proceedings or procedural actions in the case of the commission of an unlawful act. Therefore, when the inspection of the scene is based on the uncertain status of the event (there is no clear information that the event contains signs of an offense), the specialist's participation is not regulated by law. The authors propose to consider the specialists as «experienced persons» in cases mentioned above and to include their advices to the protocol of the scene examination, as the advices of other scene examination participants.


This paper provides a critical reflection of an Australian healthcare organisation's approach to managing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. A strong focus is placed on the importance of both staff and patient mental health and wellbeing which is underpinned by clear governance, communication and leadership. The challenges of working in uncertainty are widely acknowledged and documented, and operating as a health service provider during this time surfaced many unknowns. This paper seeks to improve our understanding of the influence of governance structures, communication and leadership when functioning in uncertain times. Key learnings that may be considered by other multifaceted organisations include; governance structures that recognise the importance of involving subject matter experts to reinforce organisational trust in hierarchical decision making, establishing systems that facilitate structured and informed decision making that is supported by visible communications, valuing agility and responsiveness in the workforce through shared listening and information sharing, and consistent front and centre messaging of organisational priorities to reinforce the natural flow of human behaviour change.


Problems of flow around permeable and thick airfoils are reduced to solution of singular second-kind variable-coefficient integral equations on a segment or to the systems of such equations. A numerical method for solving the problems is constructed. The method is based on approximating a smooth solution component by the Lagrangian polynomials. Solutions to particular aerodynamic problems are calculated. When being reduced to integral equations, many theoretical and applied problems naturally lead to linear one-dimensional singular integral equations or to the systems of such equations on open or closed curves. For example, in aerodynamics such problems arise in modelling the flow of a vorticity layer around an airfoil, in diffraction of electromagnetic waves they arise in modelling a reflecting surface by induced currents, in the theory of elasticity they arise in modelling the boundary of a body by distributed forces, etc. A theory of such equations appeared at the end of the last century in the works of D. Hubert and A. Poincare. Its foundations were laid by the studies of F. Neter and T. Karleman. In the first half of this century the theory was significantly developed by Soviet mathematicians. A somewhat complete form was given to the theory in wide-known monographs of N.I. Muskhelashvili and F. D. Gakhov. Further the theory of such equations branched in many directions such as imposing less strict conditions on the class of the sought-for solutions (the so-called L -theory), on the coefficients of the equations, etc. The methods of functional analysis and algebra are extensively used in modern studies devoted to singular integral equations. In numerous applications of singular integral equations bringing their solutions up to a numerical result is required and, consequently, efficient approximate methods of their computer-aided solution should be developed. Pioneer works on constructing numerical methods of solution of singular integral equations date back to the 1930s [13,20,37]. These works initiated a systematic study of the applicability of various approximate methods to singular integral equations in the works of S. G. Mikhlin, A. N. Kalandii, V. V. Ivanov, I. C. Gokhberg, B. G. Gabdulakhaev, I. K. Lifanov, Z. Presdorf, D. Elliott, B. Zilberman and their followers. At present there are many works that deal with approximate solution of singular integral equations. By convention, most of the works may be classified as (1) the works of theoretical character dealing with construction of computational schemes and analysis of their convergence and stability; (2) the works dealing with numerical solution of particular singular integral equations encountered in applications. The authors of the works of the first group are as a rule far from numerical solution of particular applied problems. They recommend to solve something properly 110 LK.Lifanov et al. but not always something that is necessary. The authors of the works of the second group solve something that is necessary but not always properly. However, due to applied problems becoming more and more complex and due to a progress in computer engineering there is an urgent demand for scientific groups that would consist of both 'pure' and 'applied' mathematicians and aim at constructing and justifying efficient computational schemes for solving particular applied problems and bringing their solutions up to the numerical computer implementation. The authors of this paper belong to one of such groups formed in N. E. Zhukovsky Airforce Engineering Academy for solving aerodynamic problems by a discrete vortex method. Lately in the discrete vortex method we have been developing (see [42,43]) the following approach to numerical solution of of the problem of the flow of an ideal incompressible fluid around thick airfoils, especially those with sharp trailing edge (the so-called Zhukovsky profiles). A mean line is chosen and impermeability boundary conditions on the airfoil surface are carried over to this line. As a result, outside this mean line we arrive at a boundary-value problem for the Laplace equation with the boundary conditions that contain a combination of normal and tangent derivatives of the sought-for function, the combination being different on different sides of the curve. By placing the vorticity and source layers on this line and satisfying the impermeability boundary conditions we obtain a system of singular integral equations on this line. The particular form of the system is given in Section 2. In this paper aerodynamic characteristics of permeable and impermeable, thin and thick airfoil surfaces are calculated using the vortex method which allows us to reduce the aerodynamic problems under study to solution of singular integral real-coefficient equations. For the flow around a weakly-deformable impermeable thin infinite wing (a profile) the problem is reduced to a linear one-dimensional singular first-kind integral equation with the Cauchy kernel. For the flow around a permeable thin airfoil a number of problems (for instance, the flow around a parachute) lead to singular second-kind integral variable-coefficient equations (in this case the coefficient of a singular integral is a polynomial). If the problem of flow around a thick airfoil is considered, we obtain a more general singular second-kind integral equation or the system of singular integral equations. For a permeable thin finite wing the aerodynamic problem is reducible to a two-dimensional second-kind integral equation with the Hadamard finite value integral (see Section 1). In Section 3 we consider a general theory of singular second-kind integral variablecoefficient equations on an arbitrary piecewise smooth curve in the complex-variable plane. Singular integral equations described in Sections 1 and 2 are special cases of such equations. In this section we introduce singular integral operators that are convenient in developing numerical methods for solving singular integral equations under study. We also discuss the possibility of developing the theory of singular integral equations with the Cauchy-type multiple integrals. The problem of solution of singular integral equations is represented as an operator equation for which a scheme of approximate solution is given. An approach to the approximate solution of singular integral equations considered in Section 3 is illustrated in Section 4 and 5 by an example of a real singular integral equation that appears in the aerodynamic problems described in Sections 1 and 2. In this connection we touch upon the correctness of formulation of the problem of solution of such equations. A detailed description of the computational scheme is Flow around permeable and thick airfoils 111 presented. The proposed method of numerical solution of singular integral equations with the Cauchy kernel has been implemented on a computer. In Section 6 we give some results of numerical calculations of particular aerodynamic problems. The results are compared with exact solutions and the calculations obtained with other schemes. 1. FLOW AROUND A PERMEABLE AIRFOIL Let a thin uniformly permeable airfoil section [41] be flown around by an ideal incompressible fluid which has a velocity UQ at infinity. Let us tie a coordinate system Oxy to the airfoil as shown in Fig. 1 and denote the chord of the airfoil as ba. Mathematically the problem is stated as follows. The flow is potential everywhere except for a surface S of the airfoil. The perturbed velocity potential φ obeys the Laplace equation at any point M£S:


This MSc thesis covers the development of a Modelica model of an engine liquid cooling system for the trucks manufactured by MAN Truck & Bus AG. The mathematical assumptions used for transcribing existing models are described and the reasoning behind the modeling process is provided. The separate component models are validated with two sets of input signals. Primarily with a dynamic, transient cycle recorded at a testing track. Secondarily, they are also validated with steady state measurements which were part of an experiment conducted at MAN's test bench.
 Furthermore, the modeling process of the heat exchanger stack at the front of the vehicle is presented together with points about the boundary conditions of the cooling air. These components are then integrated with each other in a model of the entire cooling system, yielding acceptable simulation results.
 Additionally, the simulation performance is evaluated and different integration algorithms are compared and tested, to investigate the possibility of applying the model to real time interfaces. It shows that the model is stable for fixed-step algorithms with small enough step sizes, and that HIL-simulation is possible.


Abstract We discuss a new problem statement of experimental design, which is applicable when a regression model is not completely specified. The proposed approach is a local regression model. The notion of local design extendability is introduced and basic properties of extendable designs are established. Those extendable designs allow for an exploratory analysis of adjacent domains, retaining part of the observations gained earlier. Under certain conditions locally D-optimal designs can be extended to global optimal solutions.


Recovery is the most difficult problem for submarine equipped with UUV.The paper does research on the recovery procedure of UUV used by the submarine.The current recovery methods are also be analyzed to find the merits and shortages.Based on taking advantage of the launching unit in submarine,and avoiding adding and changing devices,the method of traction recovery by towing cable guiding device is put forward.It is practical for submarine equipping with UUV.