Brazil is considered to have a legal system of "civil law", but one can also find many concepts of "common law" in it. In 1981, as from the Republic, the Brazilian federation was inspired by the North-Americans in order to create the Brazilian Constitution. The Brazilian judge holds strong powers. One can notice that the Brazilian judge, even without having the defining function of the North American judge, has been invested with large discretionary powers. The condition of the Judiciary as the protector of the individual freedom can only be preserved through its independence and impartiality. The Brazilian Constitution assures the Judiciary of the prerogative of self governing by applying normative and administrative action of self-organization and self-regulation. The guarantees in the article 96 of the Constitution basically aim at establishing the independence of the judiciary towards the other governmental branches. Keywords: Brazilian constitution; Brazilian legal system; impartiality; judicial independence


Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by chronic arthritis of the sacroiliac joint and spine with ankylosis and ossification and may be associated with a variety of extra-spinal lesions involving the eye, bowel, and heart.

 To study the cardiovascular manifestations in ankylosing spondylitis in a cohort of Egyptian patients.

 In our study, 40 patients with AS were included; 32 of them were males and 8 females, all fulfilling the ASAS 2009 classification criteria.

 By performing ECHO, we found that valvular affection was the commonest findings as we detected TR in (42.5%), AR in (12.5%), MR in (7.5%), and PR in (2.5%) of patients. The second most common finding by ECHO among our studied patients is diastolic dysfunction in (25%) of patients followed by systolic dysfunction in (20%) of patients, intracardiac mass in (5%) and pericardial effusion in (2.5%). Regarding carotid duplex findings 21 patients (52.5%) had abnormal (increased) CIMT.

 Cardiovascular system affection among ankylosing spondylitis patients is frequent, whether being clinical or subclinical and it is related in a way to high disease activity. Yet, it is still of question whether this affection is a result of the chronic inflammatory state and lack of activity both resulting from uncontrolled disease only or another multifactorial pathogenesis are coexisting.


This article mainly studies the problem of impulse consensus of multiagent systems under communication constraints and time delay. Considering the limited communication bandwidth of the agent, global and partial saturation constraints are considered. In addition, so as to further improve communication efficiency by reducing communication frequency, the novel control protocol combining event-triggered strategy and general impulse control protocol is proposed. Under this kind of novel control protocol, the communication frequency of multiagent systems can be reduced while avoiding "Zeno behavior." Through theoretical analysis, sufficient conditions for the systems to achieve consensus are obtained for the above two saturation constraint cases. In the end, the effectiveness of the novel protocols is proved by providing two different simulation instances.


Atmospheric propagation simulations of Stand-off Laser-Induced-Thermal-Emission spectroscopy (Stand-off LITE) have been carried out taking into account molecular and aerosol attenuation of the atmosphere and a modified lidar equation.


We dedicate this special issue to Andrij Shvaika and Oleg Derzhko in celebration of their 60th anniversaries. Both Andrij and Oleg have been colleagues throughout their lives, as illustrated in the photos, one showing them during their primary school years and the other showing them at a recent conference held in Lviv in 2019. Andrij and Oleg have worked at the same Institute for decades and are also both Associate Editors of the Condensed Matter Physics journal. It is fitting to celebrate the two of them together in this special issue. The selected contributions cover a wide range of topics closely related to the leading scientific interests of both jubilees to acknowledge their unique and valuable contributions to science. It is our great pleasure to thank all the authors who supported this project by submitting their papers to this special issue, all the anonymous referees who carefully read and constructively reviewed them and the staff of Condensed Matter Physics who took care about the special issue at the final stage.


In order to study the effect on the main function of bulk curing barn and the quality of flue-cured tobacco and elect proper recycle fan,three treatments including treatment 1: Power 0.85 kW,capacity 9 000 m3/h,pressure 60 Pa,rotational speed 960 r/min;treatment 2: Power 1.2 kW,capacity 12 000 m3/h,pressure 140 Pa,rotational speed 1 440 r/min;treatment 3: Power 1.5 kW,capacity 19 000 m3/h,pressure 200 Pa,rotational speed 1 440 r/min;were designed,and the experiment on bulk curing barn for three treatments of fan was conducted.Then,the differences of temperature in the bulk-curing barn,the velocity of draft and volume of air,the flue-cured time,the energy consumption,the rate of cured tobacco grade,average price,the chemical component of cured tobacco,sense quality evaluation of cured tobacco for different fan were investigated.The results showed that the differences of temperature in the bulk-curing barn and the differences of the velocity and volume of draft between front and rear were decreased as capacity of fan was increased;the flue-cured time was treatment 3 treatment 1 treatment2;the average energy consumption was increased as capacity of fan was increased;for the rate of high quality cured tobacco,the treatment 2 was the highest,the same was for average price and the economical benefit,also sense quality evaluation of cured tobacco was better for treatment 2.Therefore,it is concluded that it is better to be equipped with the fan of treatment 2.


The present research investigates the possibilities of the available online resources and GIS analytic tools to facilitate integrating the spatial context in urban and regional planning by testing a GIS-based location analysis that uses widely available data for identifying an appropriate site for National Children's hospital in Bulgaria. The elaborated methodology is easy to use, employs accessible online resources, and could be applied in different scales. The aim is to produce a comprehensible instrument that could be adopted by public authorities and used for informed political decision-making. A series of geospatial analyses are used to evaluate the potential location and its alternatives based on transport accessibility, population density in the service area, and public transport connectivity. The analyses are based on the online resources of Google Maps that are used to evaluate the transport accessibility to all the possible locations using different perspectives. The pedestrian access to public transport is also calculated to assess the different modes of transport available. To assess the locations according to the transport accessibility of the population, tools from ArcGIS Pro Network analyst are used. Accessibility is considered from the patient's perspective. The results are analyzed to make a supposition of the alternatives and to come up with a conclusion about whether the already chosen location is a sensible choice from a transport accessibility perspective. The outcomes of the research could help policymakers understand some of the spatial complexities associated with the demand and the accessibility dimensions of healthcare access. The article emphasizes the significance of integrating the spatial context in urban and regional planning and the possibilities of the new technologies to facilitate that task. This methodology for location analysis could be also used for other public services and urban-related matters.


The March and April issues of EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN carried the main body of summer session offerings in the education of exceptional children in colleges and universities. This year, the listings were collated under the direction of Herbert Goldstein, president, CEC Division on Teacher Education. The offerings listed here were received after these issues went to press. For the earlier listing, please turn to page 336 in March and page 429 in April. This annual service feature appears as a professional service for all those interested in furthering their preparation in special education. All courses deal specifically with some phase of special education. The symbol "u" indicates undergraduate credit only, and the symbol "g" indicates graduate credit only. When courses can be taken for credit on either level "u-g" is used. Since summer session plans are sometimes changed during the season, students are advised to write to the institution for final confirmation of course offerings.


Any visitor to Thailand will undoubtedly pass dozens of shrines on street corners, at bus stations, and on monastic grounds to supposedly "non-Buddhist" deities.


Embedding ethics modules in computer science (CS) courses is an approach to post-secondary ethics education that has been gaining traction. In contrast to dedicated courses on ethics in CS, embedding ethics modules into CS courses supports tight connections between ethical considerations and CS concepts, as well as enabling repeated exposure to ethics across multiple courses. Initial studies of the effectiveness of such modules suggest that this approach can increase both student interest in ethics and technology, and student self-efficacy towards incorporating ethical considerations in their computing work. Departments wishing to deploy embedded ethics (EE) modules need to decide how to invest resources, including class time, to maximize effectiveness while maintaining curriculum objectives. Such considerations include the number of EE module experiences a student has throughout their degree program, as well as the spacing of those experiences. Research to date has focused on the effect of a single embedded ethics module. In this paper, we report on a study examining the impact of experiencing EE modules in multiple courses. Among our findings, our results suggest that more is not necessarily better --- that a modest number of periodic exposures to EE modules over the course of a degree program may be sufficient to achieve sustained positive attitudes and self-efficacy among students. While a picture is beginning to emerge, these results highlight the need for further research on the effectiveness of embedded ethics programs as a whole.


In this paper we consider the problem of dynamic clustering, where cluster memberships may change over time and clusters may split and merge over time, thus creating new clusters and destroying existing ones. We propose a Bayesian nonparametric approach to dynamic clustering via mixture modeling. Our approach relies on a novel time-dependent nonparametric prior defined by combining: i) a copula-based transformation of a Gaussian autoregressive process; ii) the stick-breaking construction of the Dirichlet process. Posterior inference is performed through a particle Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm which is simple, computationally efficient and scalable to massive datasets. Advantages of the proposed approach include flexibility in applications, ease of computations and interpretability. We present an application of our dynamic Bayesian nonparametric mixture model to the study the temporal dynamics of gender stereotypes in adjectives and occupations in the 20th and 21st centuries in the United States. Moreover, to highlight the flexibility of our model we present additional applications to time-dependent data with covariates and with spatial structure.


Abstract This paper presents a laboratory procedure for preparing Ti50Ni47Fe3(57Fe) shape-memory alloy (SMA) and Mossbauer results concerning its lattice softening and changes in charge density at structural transitions. From the experimental results, the Debye temperature oD(T) is determined.


The article analyzes and contrasts the institutional discourses on gender issues that are shared in two vocational training (VT) centres that receive vulnera...


Raman and infrared spectroscopy has enabled insights into the molecular structure of the sampleite group of minerals. These minerals are based upon the incorporation of either phosphate or arsenate with chloride anion into the structure and as a consequence the spectra refect the bands attributable to these anions, namely phosphate or arsenate with chloride. The sampleite vibrational spectrum reflects the spectrum of the phosphate anion and consists of ν1 at 964, ν2 at 451 cm-1, ν3 at 1016 and 1088 and ν4 at 643, 604, 591 and 557 cm-1. The lavendulan spectrum consists of ν1 at 854, ν2 at 345 cm-1, ν3 at 878 cm-1 and ν4 at 545 cm-1. The Raman spectrum of lemanskiite is different from that of lavendulan consistent with a different structure. Low wavenumber bands at 227 and 210 cm-1 may be assigned to CuCl TO/LO optic vibrations. Raman spectroscopy identified the substitution of arsenate by phosphate in zdenekite and lavendulan.


Correlation Learning Achievement Subjects Enterprise and Industry Interests Practice Achievement Entrepreneurship Class XII SMK Ma'Arif Kota Mungkid  Magelang District Academic Year 2014/2015 . Thesis Mechanical Engineering Study Program of the Faculty of Education University of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta, 2016. The purpose of this study is (1) To determine the level of correlation learning achievement entrepreneurship subjects with class XIISMK Ma'Arif Kota Mungkid  Magelang District Academic Year 2014/2015. (2) To determine the level of correlation learning achievementindustry practice with interest in entrepreneurship students of class XIISMK Ma'Arif Kota Mungkid  Magelang District Academic Year 2014/2015. (3)To determine the level of correlation learning achievement entrepreneurship subjects and achievements of industry practice with interest in entrepreneurship students of class XIISMK Ma'Arif Kota Mungkid  Magelang District Academic Year 2014/2015. Correlational research type and using a quantitative approach to determine the effect of two variables is how much correlation. This research was conducted at SMK Ma'Arif Kota Mungkid  Magelang District Academic Year 2014/2015with a population of 159 students. The research sample is determined by Isaac and Michael, which amounted to 110 students. The sampling technique is random sampling . The data collection technique using questionnaires ( questionnaire ) and methods of documentation. The validity of the questionnaire instrument made with grain analysis using Product Moment Correlation formula and reliability test using Cronbach Alpha formula. Testing the hypothesis with regression analysis andpartial correlation analysis, which had previously been carried out analysis prerequisite test including normality test, linearity and multicollinearity


Chojnowski considers the outstanding moral debt to honor those who are honorable, the roots of this injustice, and its impact on society.


This paper described the importance of the error distribution and analysis in the physical experimental as well as its operating method and specific application, which fully indicated that the error distribution and analysis are two indispensable aspects for doing science experiment.


A very simple approach has been developed for conjugate addition of a variety of aliphatic and aromatic amines to electron deficient alkenes in presence tea extract at room temperature. General applicability, operational simplicity, aqueous media, mild reaction conditions, environment friendly, high yields and applications of inexpensive and easily available catalyst are the advantages of the present procedure.


Abstract Training for mission in early British Pentecostalism was a 'norm'. With Cecil Polhill, a member of the China Inland Mission (CIM) and one of the famed Cambridge seven who went to China in 1887, as their leading coordinator, the principles and practice of Faith Missions were inculcated into the early Pentecostal Missionaries. Indeed some principles were more radical than even those of the CIM. 2 See L. Goodwin, 'The Pneumatological Motivation and Influences of the Cambridge Seven',JEPTA 30.2 2010 pp. 21-38 Within the first years of establishing the Pentecostal Missionary Union (PMU), there were two schools, one for men and one for women. We trace here their development and influence on long term mission.


In this paper, a semi-autonomous solution has been proposed where bite points or entry and exit points were calculated around a wounded region for the purpose of suturing. These bite points were calculated on either side of the wound at a distance of at least 3 mm from the center of the wound along its length. A user-friendly interface that has been provided can help assist the medical staff to manually perform segmentation of the wound and generate the optimal best-fit curve which are the prerequisites to the calculation of bite points. The final results obtained were validated on a scale of 0 to 10 by doctors who have had an average of 25 years of practice in the medical field. A score of 7.89 was obtained for the above-mentioned algorithm.


Battery (1) having a plurality arranged in a cell laminate battery cells (2), a cooling device for controlling the temperature of the battery cells (2) and electrical components for monitoring and / or control of the battery functions, characterized in that the cooling device means disposed on cell assembly cooling plate (3) having having in its interior a cooling channel which is flowed through by a coolant, that a pressure plate (5) for pressing the battery cell (2) to the cooling plate (3) is arranged on the cell assembly, wherein the pressure plate (5) at least one of contains electrical components and that cell assembly and the cooling plate (3) in order guided clamping elements (8) are pressed against each other around said tensioning elements (8) resilient means (8.1, 8.2) included.


Differences in the extent of loss of pectic substances from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) after boiling, steaming and pressure cooking were investigated. Losses were found to be significantly greater (P< 0.001) after boiling than after pressure cooking or steaming. The pectic substance content (g 100 g−1 dry matter) of potatoes (cv. Pentland Crown) was 2.98 for raw peeled tubers, 0.97 after boiling for 35 min, 1.22 after steaming for 35 min and 1.24 after pressure cooking at 103.4 kPa (15 psi) for 15 min. The roles of cooking time, cooking temperature and heat transfer medium are discussed. The effects of calcium sulphate (at levels typical of 'hard' and 'soft' water supplies) in the cooking water on losses of pectic substances from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and swede (Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica Peterm.) after boiling and pressure cooking were also investigated. Water hardness did not influence losses during pressure cooking but samples boiled in hard water had decreased losses of pectic substances compared to those boiled in soft water. The increase in retention of pectic substances due to hard water was about 8 % for potatoes (cv. Pentland Dell), about 33 % for sliced carrots (cv. Berlicum, approved maintenance Perfecta) and about 23% for diced swedes (cv. Acme). The interaction of water hardness with cooking method was significant for potato (P< 0.05) and swede (P<0.001) and approaching significance (P=0.055) for carrot.


The ability to analyze is one of the high-level thinking skills that are considered important to be trained in students through learning Physics. Based on the results of the preliminary study, this ability is still not maximally trained for students in learning Physics. This study aims to find the best way to practice analytical skills through Think Pair and Share (TPS) learning models, which prioritizes the process of small group discussions so that students are better able to analyze problems and communicate with each other. This model is implemented through the Education Sustainable and Development (ESD) approach to Global Warming lessons, to build students' Sustainability Awareness of their environment. The research design uses One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, with multiple choice instruments to measure analytical thinking ability, questionnaire to profiling Sustainable Awareness.


There exists a gap between the scientific and technological forces and the regional economic development in Shaanxi. This happens mainly because the reform on the mechanism of motivating scientific innovations lags far behind and a great number of researchers withdraw from Shaanxi. Therefore, ways have to be found to establish and improve the mechanism of encouraging scientific innovations, to optimize and update the structure of specialties at colleges/universities, to establish reasonable profit distribution system, to perfect the evaluation system for scientific results, and to strengthen the government's role of making policies on this issue. In this way, the scientific forces can interact with the regional economic development.


This paper gives a description on the current state of the eco-tourism resources and development of eco-tourism in the Changbai Mountains, analyses the major issues in the development process and puts forward some strategic measures for sustainable development and protection of eco-tourism resources in the region.


The draft Direct Taxes Code (DTC), which aims to replace Income Tax Act, 1961 and Wealth Tax Act, 1957, was released, along with a Discussion Paper on August 12, 2009 for public comments. Since then, a number of valuable inputs on the proposals have been received from a large number of organisations and individuals. The inputs have been examined and the major issues on which various stakeholders have given their views have been identified. The Revised Discussion Paper addresses these major issues. The revised Direct Taxes Code (DTC-II) making changes in the earlier DTC (DTC-I), consequent to the issue of Discussion Paper-II (DP-II) was introduced in the Lok Sabha on August 30, 2010. The Bill shows that in DTC-II, not only the changes mentioned in DP-II have been made, but a host of other changes and new provisions, like those relating to settlement of cases and settlement commission have also been incorporated. This has made the DTC-II more voluminous vis-a-vis DTC-I.


Abstract In time, phenomenology has become a viable approach to conducting qualitative studies in education. Popular and well-established methods include descriptive and hermeneutic phenomenology. Based on critiques of the essentialism and receptivity of these two methods, however, this article offers a third variation of empirical phenomenology: Postphenomenology. The article introduces postphenomenology, a philosophy of technology that highlights the importance of technological mediation of experience: Technologies transform our perceptions (amplify/reduce) and translate our actions (invite/inhibit). Based on this framework, two approaches to empirical fieldwork are suggested: In-depth exploration of the typical use of a given technology and critical comparison of multiple versions of a technology. It is argued that using postphenomenology as a research method helps researchers explore technological mediation, a vital and oft-neglected aspect of educational practice, but the method simultaneously entails epistemological commitments such as multistability, reflexivity, and posthumanism. The article concludes by discussing future challenges for the postphenomenological method.


The following elaborate aims to provide an overview on Digital Marketing, starting from his definition and the most significant differences with Traditional Marketing. It is placed the emphasis on the importance of the Internet and its impact on marketing.After processing the theoretical information, any required element will be implemented to create a digital marketing strategy for a startup that is trying to penetrate the Albanian market. Shaka Zulu is the company in question, which with a production line of biological cosmetic products tries to start operating in different Balkan countries.After a successful business cycle in Greece, this company chooses to use the internet as the main and the cheapest mean to create stability and to increase brand awareness in the market. This thesis consists of 3 major elements: -Providing the theoretical overview which I will base my research and internet strategy project. -Analyzing the Market and also the company to get necessary insights for brand awareness and the online strategy. -Taking the Strategy proposed into cost and time analysis.


As the newmedia of spreading information, the network has become the important method for the students in universities to obtain knowledge and information and communicate their ideas and emotion. The main negative effect of "digital survival"approach is information risk. Management and technology are the critical methods to deal with network information risks in universities. Understanding the content and styles of network information risk, intensifying the management of campus network consensus, and leading the modern risk consciousness to deal with network information risks are useful for students to separate from the confusion of "virtual"and "reality", improve information accomplishment and promote their healthy growth.


With the frequent political,economic and cultural communication between China and other countries,the significance of the international promotion of the Chinese language has been recognized by more people.The Chinese government takes advantage of this opportunity for the international promotion of the Chinese language.Thus,it is worthwhile to have the accurate translation of the Chinese terms"Tuiguang"(which often means promotion)and"Jidi"(which often means base).With a consideration of the intention and significance of the international promotion of the Chinese language,and with the help of both Chinese and English dictionaries as well as the Internet resources,this research offers some suggestions on the accurate translation of the two terms.


It is commonly believed that we live in a culture that is increasingly permeated by visual images. One category of images that we encounter everyday in different media, and that constitutes a large and growing part of media content, is advertisements. Advertisements also have a specific purpose and the images represent, make meaning of, and convey sentiments about phenomena. In this dissertation, the phenomenon of interest is nature – how is nature represented in travel advertisements? The aim is also to study how the representations are perceived by tourists and how they, in turn, represent nature in their photographs. In order to restrict the scope of the study, travel advertisements for charter trips have been chosen. A semiotically inspired analysis focused on images has been conducted and over a hundred advertisements have been analysed. Interviews with charter tourists have been made. Selected images from advertisements were shown and discussed and the interviewees showed and talked about their photographs. The analysis of advertisements revealed four categories of images of nature. The main differences between the four categories are the degree of authenticity and creative strategy. Simplified, one could say that these images display artificial nature (arranged and controlled, where human artefacts and groups of people are a desirable component); tamed nature (often along the waterfront such as beaches with the presence of many people and characterized by human activities); untamed nature (also along the wa-terfront, but more authentic and with very few people and human objects in view); and accessible wild nature (preferably tropical, long-stretched and seemingly void beaches shown in telephoto shots and at a large distance, with no people). Despite the differences, these images have several features in common which, taken together, form the myth of nature in a travel context. Nature is meant to be the setting for various activities, it is beneficent; there are never any unexpected or unwanted features that can threaten a pleasant experience. Furthermore, nature seems to be an endless resource for people to use without showing any consideration. Thus the status of nature represented in travel advertisements is that of a recreational resource. The interviewees can be described in three ideal types: those who visit nature on terms set by advertisements, those who visit nature on several terms and those who visit nature on terms set by themselves. The ideal types are based on roles in relation to the images of advertising, motive for travelling, preferred type of nature and type of photographs taken.


This article analyzes the East German and Soviet campaign against the West German federal minister Theodor Oberländer in 1959–60 as an exemplary case of how the Cold War and east-west entanglements influenced the memory of the Holocaust and Stalinist crimes. These entanglements were complex and went beyond the relations between the two German states. The article examines also the interrelations with the Soviet Union's propagandistic struggle against Ukrainian nationalism. It addresses the diverse impact that the campaign had in the two German states, the Ukrainian diaspora, and the Soviet Union. It argues that in the German context the campaign contributed to critical reckonings and remembrance of the Holocaust, which it did not do in the Soviet Union and among the Ukrainian diaspora. Moreover, in the Soviet Union it amplified an enemy image of Ukrainian nationalism that still exists today and serves Russia to justify its current war against Ukraine with the accusation that Ukraine is ruled by a "Nazi" regime.


The phenomenon of a "mediated cosmopolitanism" has mainly been studied from a perspective that attempts to discern the extent to which various messages of the media succeed or fail in establishing ...


The studies on the inlet air cooling technique for power augmentation and efficiency improvement of gas turbines have been profoundly carried out since 1990s. Recently the domestic interests in the technique have been aroused due to the safety problem of nuclear power plants and the lack of electric power in hot days. This paper could be expected to provide the clue to these power problems. Especially inlet fogging and wet compression are considered as representative techniques against power drop which occurs at high ambient temperatures. Inlet fogging evaporates water droplets into saturation condition before arriving at compressor inlet. In contrast, wet compression evaporates the droplets inside the compressor as well as before compressor inlet, so the latter has relatively higher amount of water injection than the former and more merits in domestic situation of hot and humid summer.


The main purpose of this research is to find the factor that makes United Nations cannot fulfill their role to establish peaceful situation in Congo. By comparing, describing, and clarify the international regime known as MONUSCO effort in their peacekeeping mission in Congo.
Conflict in Democratic Republic of Congo happened as the result of chain of event in Congo war I and II. At the very least, there are 8 countries involved in the Congo war. United Nation has already intervene since 1999, using the peacekeeping army. In the beginning, the peacekeeping operation was named MONUC. In 2010 the peacekeeping army withdrawed and by the new Security Council mandate it was changed to MONUSCO. With new Mandate MONUSCO already operating in DRC, yet level of violence act in Congo is not suppressed. Meanwhile, between government army and rebellion force are often at war during 2010 - 2015.


This paper evaluates the communication trifecta that consists of a series of consecutive elements: valuating, emotions, expression. These components, although relatively unstable, coexist in various configurations and many processes of interpersonal thought and word exchange. The knowledge regarding the components should enable one to understand the linguistic and extralinguistic human behavior, including the behavior of particular students searching for their own identity.


The quality agenda matters to all of us who work in health care. It is a crucial part of our nursing process of making sure that the care we provide is both safe and compassionate. In my experience, there are two main drivers towards improving quality. The first is effective management and leadership and the second is transparency. A culture of improvement and change must come from us all and we must continually strive to make nursing even better. It is essential that we work in partnership with the people we care for, as well as their families and carers in order to transform our services. This is known as co-production and this approach will need to be a core part of how we work today and into the future. I find that, generally, nurses want to deliver the most safe and compassionate care, remembering that it is about the needs of the people we look after and their families and it is vital that they are the ones who are at the centre of everything we do. Harrison et al (2004) state that every community has assets and these assets are the collective resources that individuals and communities have at their disposal to protect against negative health outcomes and promote health status. These assets can be social, financial, physical, environmental or human resources. Some examples are employment, education and supportive social networks. Individuals may not be aware that they possess many assets and if they are, they may not use them to any particular purpose. However, everyone has resources at their disposal that can act to protect them against adverse circumstances and that can promote health and wellbeing. Different methods are often used in combination with one another and it is not unusual to find many being used within the same community. One of the best known examples is co-production, which uses an asset-based approach. Co-production is the process of active dialogue and engagement between people who use services and those who provide them. It is a process that puts service users on the same level as the service provider. It aims to draw on the knowledge and resources of both parties to develop solutions to problems and improve the overall interaction between citizens and those who serve them (Scottish Community Development Centre, 2011). Across the UK, we have seen differences in the degree of openness from NHS organisations when they describe the quality of services, risks and actions or improvements taken to secure a safe and personand family-centred service. It is essential that we provide an honest and fair view of these points in relation to the care that we provide. I challenge all nurses, along with their teams where applicable, to consider and answer a number of questions: ■ Do you set or contribute to quality objectives and Rory Farrelly Director of Nursing & Patient Experience, Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea outcomes that are ambitious and realistic and that will help drive quality improvements at ward/ department level? ■ Do you set or contribute to quality objectives and outcomes that promote and protect health, e.g. obesity, smoking, alcohol, exercise, immunisation rates? ■ Do you set or contribute to quality objectives and outcomes that improve safety, such as implementation of safety programmes, care bundles and learning from serious clinical incidents and reviews? ■ Have you had any never events in your clinical area or department and, if so, what have you and the team learnt and how has it changed practice? ■ How compliant are you with safety alerts? ■ How do you contribute to reducing healthcareassociated infections? ■ Do you set or contribute to quality objectives and outcomes that are evidence-based and linked with effective pathways of care, e.g. cardiac, cancer, mental health, children? ■ How do you participate and learn from clinical outcome reviews and peer reviews? ■ How do you participate in and learn from research, development and innovation? ■ Do you set or contribute to quality objectives and outcomes that deliver dignified and compassionate care, such as meeting the needs of patients with dementia, and learn from improvements from announced or unannounced inspections? I often recall when I was training to be a nurse, one of the clinical nurse tutors emphasised that we should care for our patients and their families the way we would like our grandparents, parents, siblings, aunts and uncles to be cared for. This has stayed with me throughout my career and I do believe that if we have this at the forefront of our minds, we won't go wrong. When we combine this with co-production in our approach to the nursing care we provide, we will maintain a high standard all of the time So, what changes will you make in your practice today to ensure you are working in partnership with the people and families you care for? BJN


Crit Care Resusc ISSN: 1441-2772 1 December 2011 13 4 245-251 © Cr i t Ca re R es u sc 2 0 11 www.jficm.anzca.edu.au/aaccm/journal/publications.htm Original articles of common prescription errors, and has s adopted in all A tralian hospitals. It has and for prescriber identity and documenting alle optional fields for drug indications. Guidelines the use of generic drug names and "legible ha but do not mandate printing in capital letters. Our ICU uses a paper-based system of p


A region of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid that binds Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S8 has been isolated and characterized. It corresponds to what has been designated as fragment C of the ribonucleic acid.


The association of a Variable-Speed Wind Generator (VSWG) and a Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) with the aim to improve the integration of such generators in a network is studied. A resonant controller-based network connection and a fuzzy-logic supervisory are proposed. A 3 kW test bench is described, and a first experiment which validates the principle of the FESS is shown.


DIMITROVA, R., E. NENOVA, B. UZUNOV, M. SHISHINIOVA and M. STOYNEVA, 2014. Phytoplankton composition of Vaya Lake (2004–2006). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., Supplement 1: 165–172 Vaya (= Burgas Lake), is the biggest natural lake in Bulgaria and the shallowest Black Sea Costal lake. With regard of its origin, Vaya is a liman and recently it is mixooligohaline with fl uctuating halinity due to a siltated channel connection with the Black Sea. The lake is located on the 'Via Pontica' ornithological migratory route and is important for the conservation of rare and endangered species of national, European and global signifi cance. The lake is a Ramsar site, a Protected area and Natura 2000 site, included as critically endangered in the Red List of Bulgarian Wetlands.During the last decades Vaya has undergone signifi cant changes due to different anthropogenic factors, which disturb the water balance of the lake and lead to introduction of biogenic elements in the wetland with a negative effect on the chemical composition of the water with impacts on the fl ora and fauna of the aquatic ecosystem.The phytoplankton studies, represented in this work, have been conducted during the summer and autumn months of three consecutive years – 2004–2006. A rich species composition has been established – 165 species, 8 varieties and 1 form of 80 genera from 8 divisions. The green algae (Chlorophyta and Streptophyta) are characterized by the biggest number of taxa (89), followed by the blue-green algae (Cyanoprokaryota – 51), among which the tropical toxic invasive species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, was detected for the fi rst time in Vaya lake. Most of the species have low frequency quotients and only three can be pointed as widely distributed during the studied period (Planktothrix agardhii, Pseudanabaena limnetica, Scenedesmus acuminatus). On the basis of data from the same periods of close preceding years, a comparison is made between the algal fl ora of Vaya and other Black Sea coastal wetlands – Shabla, Ezerets and Dourankoulak. In all of them, 30 common taxa have been registered. A comparison has been done also between the obtained data on the recent taxonomic composition and former data on lake algal fl ora of other authors. The results show the general negative trend in the development of Vaya wetland with increase eutrophication.


The present study aims to test whether the coherence of a juror's mental model of a case is a function of the decisional phase (pre- or post-decision) in which inconsistent evidence is presented. Based on psychological and neurological theories of decision-making, it was hypothesized that inconsistent information could cause a shift in juror's verdict preference more often when the information is presented after the decision is almost shaped than when it is presented while the decision is still shaping. With an actual criminal case in which the evidence was generally skewed toward the guilty verdict, three hundred collage students established an initial verdict preference and rated the likelihood of guilt of the defendant after reading a description of the facts and the first two pieces of strongly incriminating evidence. Participants then read the rest of the evidence, and decided on a final verdict and re-rated the likelihood of guilt. One of the two types of inconsistent evidence, one weakening the prosecution's case and the other supporting the defense's case, was presented either soon after the initial verdict preference was made or just before the final verdict was made. The initial guilty preference shifted in the final verdict more often, and the rated likelihood of guilt decreased more with the late presentation than with the early presentation of the inconsistent evidence. Implications for juror's decision-making in court are discussed.


The article deals with the problem of determining the tungsten electrode optimal geometry during plasma spot welding (PSW). The durability of the electrode tip along with the gap value between the welded parts highly determine the PSW-welding stability. An integrated assessment of the tungsten electrode durability after 500 cycles has shown that it is expedient to use the alloyed tungsten electrode. Moreover, it is desirable that an electrode tip should be dulled and sharpened at an angle of 20…30°.


Culture is a community or set or group of people that has similar experience in which the inidividuals belonging to it perceive the universe. It constitutes aggregates of people based on various factors such as race, religion, nationality, gender, class, etc.. Indian tradition is one of the oldest and unique in the world. It combines the diverse linguistic and cultural tradition which exists within the country. Indian writers like Vikram Seth, Jhumpa Lahiri, Salman Rushdie, Vikas Swarup, David Davidar, Rohinton Mistry express opinions to their nations through history, tradition, culture and other controversial yet important problems in their fictions. This paper focuses on the issue of multiculturalism and cultural assimilation in literature. Lahiri has shown the need to go beyond the man made boundaries like culture, religion, race and nation acknowledge the universal aspects of human through her writings. The novel, Lowland reflects the globalised, multicultural and transnational culture.


The 2011 East Japan Earthquake caused accidents at a number of nuclear power plants in Fukushima, highlighting the need for a study on the seismic safety of multiple NPP (Nuclear Power Plant) units. In the case of nuclear power plants built on a site that shows a similar seismic response, there is at least a correlation between the seismic damage of structures, systems, and components (SSCs) of nuclear power plants. In this study, a probabilistic seismic safety assessment was performed for the loss of essential power events of twin units. To derive an appropriate seismic damage correlation coefficient, a probabilistic seismic response analysis was performed. Using the external event mensuration system program, we analyzed the seismic fragility and seismic risk by composing a failure tree of multiple loss of essential power events. Additionally, a comparative analysis was performed considering the seismic damage correlation between SSCs as completely independent and completely dependent.


design and synthesis of high-performance hydrogenstorage materials. Although the weakest X-ray scattering amplitude of hydrogen made it difficult to determine their structure, we have succeeded in the first direct observation of elusive H2 molecules adsorbed in the nano-channels of a metal-organic porous material by the in situ synchrotron powder diffraction experiment of gas adsorption and by MEM (maximum entropy method)/Rietveld charge-density analysis [4]. The sample used in this study is microporous coordination polymer 1 with a pillared layer structure (CPL-1) with uniform ordered nano-channels of 4 Å × 6 Å. The in situ synchrotron powder diffraction experiment for hydrogen gas adsorption was carried out using the large Debye-Scherrer camera installed at beamline BL02B2. The hydrogen gas was dosed into the capillary sample through a stainless steel tube connected to the gas-handling system. The amount of adsorbed gas was controlled by adjusting the sample temperature under a constant hydrogen gas pressure of 102 kPa. The structure was investigated by MEM/Rietveld analysis [5]. The amount of H2 molecules adsorbed in CPL-1 at 90 K at 102 kPa was determined to be 0.3 molecules per Cu atom from the hydrogen adsorption isotherm. The reliability (R) factors based on the powder profile RWP and the Bragg integrated intensities RI were 2.45% and 3.33%, respectively. The cell parameters for CPL-1 with H2 gas were determined as a = 4.7101(1) Å, b = 20.0289(2) Å, c = 10.7704(1) Å, and β = 95.472(2)° (space group P21/c). The R factor based on the structure factors in the final MEM analysis RF was 1.86%. In the MEM charge density of CPL-1 without H2 molecules shown in Fig. 1(a), only the nano-channel structure was clearly seen and no electron density was observed in the nano-channels, even at lower electron-density levels. On the other hand, in the MEM charge density of CPL-1 with H2 molecules (Fig. 1(b)), the small peak maxima of the electron densities with an elongated shape distribution, which are due to the adsorbed H2 molecules, were observed in the nano-channels. It should be noted that the posit ion and orientation of the H2 molecules are mean values obtained by statistical analysis. The


The utility model provides a wireless charging mobile power supply which comprises an energy storage unit (2), a charging input unit (3), a wired charging unit (4), a wireless charging unit (5) and a display unit (6). Wired charging and wireless charging can be realized. The wireless charging unit (5) is provided with a control unit (53), which is convenient for controlling the wireless charging unit (5) to start or stop working. The wireless charging mobile power supply provided by the utility model can effectively solve the problem that the existing mobile power supply is charged through a data line, and has the advantage of easy use.


The incidence of soft tissue inflammation in the area of inserted half-pins, as well as the instability of the inserted half-pins of an external fixator has been studied, illustrated by an example of treating 117 patients. All the patients were divided into groups depending on using the inserted half-pins of different types.


The invention provides a resource allocation method for user D2D scheduling configuration and D2D data transmission by a base station, and corresponding user equipment. The base station sends a resource allocation mode of D2D scheduling configuration and/or D2D data transmission to the user equipment. A network side predefines the frequency hopping mode of D2D scheduling configuration and/or D2D data transmission within one subframe and among subframes. The user equipment obtains the sending mode of D2D scheduling configuration and/or D2D data time domains according to the resource allocation mode, of D2D scheduling configuration and/or D2D data transmission, sent by the base station. The user equipment obtains the sending mode of D2D scheduling configuration and/or D2D data time domains according to the frequency hopping mode, predefined by the network side, of D2D scheduling configuration and/or D2D data transmission within one subframe and among subframes.


Abstract : This document serves as the Validation Test Report (VTR) for the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Arctic Cap Nowcast/Forecast System (ACNFS) ability to capture and predict sea ice areas of opening Fractures/Leads, And Polynyas (FLAP). ACNFS calculates motion rates (opening/ closing, ridging, divergence, and shear) in addition to numerous other products such as ice concentration, ice thickness, and ice drift. A combination of these parameters is used to produce a product of opening rates that represent areas of FLAPs. This VTR documents a series of comparison studies performed using ACNFS strain rate fields and validates the opening rate products against an 11 month period of National Ice Center (NIC) FLAP messages from January through November 2012. Forecasted ACNFS fields are evaluated for the period of February through June 2014 on daily 24 hours through 7-day forecasts. Additional comparisons are shown for ICEX-2014. This validation assessment was performed using ACNFS with some limited comparisons with the Global Ocean Forecast System (GOFS 3.1). GOFS 3.1 uses the same ocean model coupling and sea ice model as ACNFS and is expected to perform similarly. Overall, ACNFS along with GOFS 3.1 provided a reasonable prediction of the openings not available elsewhere in both the nowcast and forecast mode and performed better than persistence.


Background & aim: Concurrent stunting with overweight" is one of the consequences of nutritional transition, which has worsened the outcomes more than overweight itself. The aim of this study was to determine the trend of anthropometric indices in primary to high school students in Eslam Abad-e Gharb city, Iran. Methods : The present analytical-comparative study was conducted in 2017 in the city of Islamabad-e-Gharb, and students from 16 high schools were randomly selected and surveyed by cluster sampling. High school metrics were measured in the same year. Elementary school information was collected through school student files. In this study, "short stature at the same time with overweight" was defined as "z-score equal to + 1 and above BMI for age and z-score equal to 1- and less" height for age "based on simultaneous placement. Collected data was analyzed using Fisher and Chi-square statistical tests. Results : In the present study, out of 731 people, 350(47.9%) were girls and 381 (52.1%) were boys. The prevalence of short stature at the same time with overweight in primary school was 0.55%(4 people) and in high school was 3.83% (28 people), which was significant from primary school to high school among all students studied (p=0.001). In short, the index was not significant in girls (p=0.001), but not significant in boys (p = 0.506). Conclusion : The prevalence of short stature has been on the rise with overweight students (especially girls) from elementary school to high school.


Abstract:  Neogene palaeoshore sediments are abundantly represented along the Mediterranean coast of Iberia. An outcrop north of the Sierra Tejeda, named La Resinera, exposes concentrations of pebbles and boulders of marble, comprising an upper Miocene marine beach deposit. The high diversity of bioerosion trace fossils present in these boulders includes structures produced by polychaete annelids, demosponges, echinoids and endolithic bivalves, which indicate a shallow shoreface environment. The ichnotaxa represented are Maeandropolydora sulcans, Caulostrepsis taeniola, Entobia geometrica, Entobia ovula, Circolites kotoncensis, Gastrochaenolites torpedo, Gastrochaenolites lapidicus, Gastrochaenolites ornatus and Gastrochaenolites turbinatus. The borings are Tortonian (late Miocene) in age. Also present, and particularly abundant, are large sponge borings that have a single chamber from which radiating canals emerge. This trace fossil is designated as Entobia resinensis isp. nov.


How to keep commercial banks from moral risk in the credit is always the problem that the commercial banks concern about.This thesis analyzes the moral risk and the effect of the incentive in the pay-back process of the loan by a model.Then,the thesis give an example on how this theory woks.At last,some proposals are put forward.


Part One deals with the Scuole Grandi and Part Two with the Scuole Piccole. Glixon opens each part with a clear account of how the groups were organized and what their activities were before turning to consider music.The narrative follows a roughly similar trajectory for both the Grandi and the Piccole. The first period, 1260–1500, was dominated by amateurs—confraternity members who performed in worship generally and at funerals in particular, and who might be notable more for their charitable needs (they received alms and other benefits) than for their musical skills.The second period,1500–1650, saw confraternities turning to professionals as they joined that creative burst that set Venice at the center of the European musical mainstream. The third period of 1650–1807 was one of relative decline. An impecunious state taxed the Grandi so heavily that they had to let professional staff musicians go and hire free-lancers to perform in scaled-back schedules. The Piccole were less affected, and some even managed to expand performances. A key theme is the shifting focus of honor. Initially directed to God and to the State, the honor accumulating to musical patronage came to focus instead on the confraternities and even more on their officers, who in many cases had to pay for festivals out of their own pockets.


Abstract: One of the most common reasons for hospitalization in a diabetic patient is foot infection. A superficial foot infection occurs commonly after repeated trauma; it frequently provides a nidus for a deep foot infection. Staphylococci and streptococci are commonly found in these infections, and antimicrobial therapy directed toward these organisms combined with the removal of the irritating focus is sufficient to eradicate these infections. A deep foot infection may result from direct penetrating injury but commonly from untreated superficial foot infection. In general, deep foot infections are limb-threatening or even life-threatening. The causative organisms are usually due to a mixture of aerobes and anaerobes. Treatment consists surgical debridement and the use of antimicrobial agents that have activities against both aerobes and anaerobes. When deep infection is suspected, prompt surgical intervention plus appropriate antimicrobial therapy should be instituted. Early timely intervention has been shown to reduce limb loss.


Digital coherent optical receivers enable equalization of fiber transmission impairments and carrier-phase estimation in digital domain. In this paper, a novel equalization and carrier-phase recovery algorithm, both based on modified constant-modulus algorithm (CMA), is proposed for polarization-division multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying (PDM-QPSK) systems. The proposed scheme is validated with 40-Gbits/s PDM-QPSK transmission experiments.


THE MINIMAL duration of the synaptic delay of ocular motoneurons has been determined (1935a) with sufficient accuracy, but considerable dificulties have been found in measuring its maximal duration. Experimental results (1935d) indicated that the maximal delay is not much longer than the minimal delay, and that the expected small variations could scarcely be measured in the original preparation, in which the responses were recorded from the internal rectus muscle (1935d, p. 527). A sufficient degree of accuracy has now been attained by recording the responses from the trochlear nerve. Eccles (1936, 1937) has shown that the synaptic time in the superior cervical ganglion also is rigidly fixed within narrow limits, but it may be slightly shortened by creating facilitation or it may be lengthened by setting up refractoriness of the ganglion cells. Although in a different time scale, identical results are obtained with the trochlear motoneurons.


A new method to invert X-band radar images for linear shoaling conditions is proposed. The commonly used approach for this type of inverse problems is the Fourier transform. Unlike in deep water conditions, in the shoaling region, waves are modulated both in terms of wavelength and amplitude. However, Fourier analysis assumes spacial and temporal periodicity, and homogeneity limiting its applicability to this region. In order to overcome these limitations, a wavelet based technique is developed. The proposed technique treats every spatial radar image within the time sequence individually, so no information on the dispersion relation is required. For validation purposes, surface elevation range-time shoaling realizations based on the mild slope equation are prepared. A radar imaging model including tilt and shadowing modulations, speckle noise, and the radar equation is applied to these realizations to provide modeled grazing incidence radar images. The inversion process starts with the application of the continuous wavelet transform independently for each spacial image. The procedure continues with employing a successive range independent modulation transfer function to the wavelet spectra in the wavenumber domain. Then, after a phase shift correction, an inverse continuous wavelet transform is applied. The procedure is finalized by a calibration of the retrieved maps. After the calibration, a thorough comparison between the original and the reconstructed surface elevations is performed. It shows high efficiency of the proposed method in treating wave number and amplitude modulated signals, as well as in addressing local phase shifts due to tilt modulation and noise contamination. The new inversion method is proven to have high accuracy in inhomogeneous conditions. It shows high potential to be implemented for individual wave reconstruction using real aperture radars.


Achieving long-term resettlement success is a challenge for many refugees seeking to restart their lives after displacement and being uprooted from their lives. Refugees must deal with finding employment, integrating into a society immensely different from what they have known their whole lives, and starting over from scratch. Learning a new language enables refugees to progress towards integration and long-term resettlement success, however, resettled refugees face a multitude of barriers in the U.S. to accessing language classes and attaining English proficiency. This study seeks to bridge this problem by exploring the possibilities of implementing a standardized language training program in the refugee camps to better prepare refugees for resettlement. A case study of the refugees along the Thai-Burma border demonstrated the significance of learning English in the camps on eventual English proficiency as well as the need for increased partnerships to overcome the barriers of lack of motivation and lack of funding. The author explores the possibilities of implementing a language training program in the camps by determining need, interest, barriers, and perceptions through the use of interviews, surveys, and focus groups of camp refugees, resettled refugees, and key organizational representatives. The significance of these results offers the possibility of


Automotive Industry is growing at a very fast rate. Hence problems pertaining to the increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere and the ever increasing fuel rates also increase. Electric and Hybrid electric technology has become the latest milestone for the automotive industry. In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), the reliable range of operation is characterized by batteries and battery state of charge (SOC), that describes its remaining capacity, is an important factor for providing the control strategy for the battery management system (BMS) in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and electric vehicles (EV). Accuracy in estimation of the SOC is necessary not only to protect the battery, prevent it's over discharge, and improve the battery life but also to allow the application to make rational control strategies to save energy. However, the chemical energy of a battery which is a chemical energy storage source cannot be directly accessed and this issue makes the estimation of the SOC of a battery difficult. Hence, estimation of the SOC accurately becomes very complex and is difficult to implement, as there are parametric uncertainties and the battery models are limited. In fact, in practice several examples of models of the estimation of the SOC are found which have poor accuracy and reliability. Hence a comparative study done in this paper on the various methods will help choose the right method based on the requirements and the application. This paper also reviews a case study on modeling and simulation of one of the methods of SOC estimation and efforts have been put in obtaining the performance of Li-ion batteries by calculating the SOC using Coulomb counting method in MATLAB Simulink. Keywords-State of Charge (SOC); Battery capacity; lithium-ion battery; state of charge; state of health; SOC dependence on battery parameters. __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________


In recent years,the "order model"training has been widely implemented and popularized in the higher vocational colleges,has shown strong vitality and is welcomed by more and more enterprises.This paper discusses the problems existing in the "order type"training from the angle of career competitiveness of talents and tries to find the countermeasures,in order to improve the career competitiveness of "order students"and promote the "order type"talents training in institutions of higher learning.


In this study, determining the β dual of the space of bvθk we characterize the matrix class ( bvθk, bv ) , where θ is a sequence of positive numbers and bvθk = { x ∈ w : ( θ ∗ v Δxv ) ∈ k } for 1/k + 1/k∗ = 1 (1 < k < ∞).


Computer program, ABTRAJ, provides Deep Space Network tracking stations with the capability of generating spacecraft predictions with on-site computers. The program is comprised of two major sections - the main prediction portion and a trajectory subroutine which spans the desired predict interval with spacecraft ephemeris data written on magnetic tapes.


The invention discloses a transition metal oxide/graphene composite material, which consists of a nanometer transition metal oxide and graphene, wherein the transition metal oxide is MnO, Fe2O3, Cr2O3, Cu2O, CuO or V2O5. Because of the dispersing and loading effects of the graphene, the transition metal oxide in the composite material can be distributed uniformly and is small in particle size, and the stability and the cyclical stability of the transition metal oxide in the process of charging and discharging can be effectively improved. The invention also discloses a one-step low-temperature preparation method of the composite material, which has the advantages of simple process, low cost, short cycle, low energy consumption and the like, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.


The use of the straight-line depreciation based on age, for stormwater pipe networks, generally results in the reporting of excessive depreciation in the early phase of the portfolio's lifecycle. These assets, like many other pipeline systems, perform at or near as-new performance for most of their life with accelerated deterioration in the late stages. A more representative basis for determining deterioration is the use of structural condition analysis. However the development of condition based depreciation models for reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) stormwater pipelines is hampered by the lack of available data on current condition and deterioration mechanisms upon which to base the analysis. This paper describes the development of a methodology and model for Logan City Council's-RCP stormwater pipelines that can be implemented, in a cost effective manner, to calculate condition based deprecation to much better represent the actual deterioration and hence depreciation of the stormwater assets. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E213488.


This paper presents the detailed formulation of a coupled hydro‐mechanical structure‐soil interface and demonstrates its application in simulating uplifting problems. This interface features real‐time prediction of the pore pressure generation and structure‐soil separation, and thus rate dependency and 'breakaway' can be modeled without user intervention. Constitutive relations of this interface were derived by considering the coupling between soil skeleton and fluid along the interface. A complete finite element formulation and numerical implementation of the interface is provided based on an eight‐node element. The performance of this interface is demonstrated by simulating lifting a surface footing at varying rates (spanning across undrained, partially drained and drained conditions), compared with existing theoretical solutions, numerical results and experimental data. The good agreement achieved indicates that this interface is capable of modelling uplift at varying rates, which is an extremely challenging topic in offshore engineering. Sensitivity studies were conducted to investigate the parameters affecting uplifting behaviour. A unified backbone curve was established correspondingly, which is shown to be different from existing studies in compression, due to the difference in the mechanism between the two cases.


While optical engineers formulate designs with very precise photonic devices in mind, the very same devices are coming together in the animal kingdom through random trial and error—genetic mutations that have allowed animals to evolve a plethora of optical reflectors, fibers, and photonic crystals that aid their survival.


The provisions about the distribution of seismic shearing force of frame shear wall structures in《Code for seismic design of buildings》and《Technical specification for concrete structures of tall building》in our country are based on domestic and foreign design experience,however the lateral stiffness ratio of frame and shear wall are not including in their consideration. For solving this problem, this paper states that the seismic response on several buildings, which have 8-frame-sheared wall structure,with stiffness characteristic values arranging from 1.0 to 4.5,by the application of static elastic-plastic analysis method(Pushover)and dynamic time-history method. This study summarizes that different stiffness value of storey shearing force is distributed on frame-shear wall structure under different frequency of earthquake. The influence of shear wall stiffness degradation on the distribution of storey shearing force is also mentioned in this article. The formula about a frame structural storey shearing force distribution is supported for further designs and studies.