Olfactory-based mechanisms are hypothesized for a variety of biological behaviors. Typically, such hypotheses combine a large-scale olfaction based orientation behavior with a multisensor local search near the source. Long-range olfactory-based search which involves chemical plume tracing is documented in moths at ranges of 100-1000 m and in Antarctic procellariiform seabirds over 1000 km. This article presents a biomimetic algorithm to replicate these chemical plume tracing feats in an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The objective is to locate the stationary source of a chemical that is transported in a turbulent fluid flow. Such AUV capabilities have applicability in searching for environmentally interesting phenomena, hazardous chemicals, and pollutants. This article presents a complete strategy and results from successful, large-scale, in-water tests of this strategy. Amongst other accomplishments, these tests succeeded in tracking a plume 975 m and declaring the source location with 13 m accuracy.


The paper addresses three related questions about the most controversial political party represented in the Bundestag: the PDS. Who is this party? What is it? And where does it stand in the German party system? In highlighting the PDS' social profile, its internal debates about how to confront the legacy of the past and what its options are in the diverging political cultures of east and west Germany, it emerges that there is a future role for the PDS. However, the chances of consolidating its position depend as much on its own process of political clarification as on the tactics of the other parties. So far, the PDS has filled the gaps in the agenda left by the larger parties and successfully articulated the concerns of citizens in east Germany affected by the changes of unification. But without a broader base of appeal throughout the Bundesrepublik, the PDS faces an unpredictable future.


Globally disasters have increased unprecedentedly creating havoc on households and communities despite well-documented awareness levels. Governments and people levels of disaster preparedness have remained unabated in many countries in Africa. However, disasters' impact can be reduced if people are sensitized about fundamental steps and strategies to reduce risks. Documented literature shows that if taken seriously, disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures are likely to cost less compared to the cost of loss of livelihoods, possessions and the cost of managing its consequences including loss of life. Preparing teachers and the schools for disasters is very important in creating sustainable strategies that can be integrated in day-to-day school activities. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection, this paper presents the evidence on the potential of preparedness and readiness of public primary schools to cope during and after a pandemic. With a sample of 240 teachers and 24 headteachers from 80 schools in 8 Sub-Counties distributed across Kenya, the findings show that the effectiveness of a school DRR mitigation measures can be a great indicator of how a school and its inhabitants: teachers and children can be prepared or not in times of a disaster. Disaster risk reduction strategies must be both supply-driven and demand-driven for buying in and to motivate teachers and learners to avoid disasters. This study brings out what the gaps and challenges are in primary schools in Kenya and suggests what can be done at both national and regional levels to help the schools cope with disasters.


With the exception of the stratified layer approximation, the problem of wave propagation due to localized sources in nonuni fo rm magne to· ionic media has rece ived little allention. In previous work , the coupling between natural modes of the homogeneous gyrotropic medium has restric ted the useful range of the a nalys is to the slowl y vary ing case. In the present in vestigation, an E and H mode repre· senta tion is used whic h results in a type of coupling inde pe nde nt of the ra te of vari ation in the medium, thereby permilli ng the study of regions with strong inhomogene ities along the gyrotropic ax is. The coupling between the E and H modes now ari ses due to the deviation of the gyromagneti c parameter Y = w c/w from zero or infinite values. T he uncoupled proble ms a re therefore associated with the nongyrotropic (Y = 0 or Y = 00) but nonun iform cases, a nd the procedure co nverges rapidl y whe n Y is large or small, even for ra pid spatial variations of the medium parameters. An iterative expans ion is e mployed to de duce the gyrotropic correc tions , a nd the procedu re is phrased sys tematicall y in trans miss io n line form . The a nalys is is applied to the evaluation of t he fa r fi eld radiated by an electri c curre nt ele ment ex terior to a semi.infinite, nonuni fo rm plasma region.


AIM: To investigate effects of OX-LDL and VitE on the levels of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC). METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were obtained by in vitro culture. HUVEC treated with or without Vit E was incubated with OX-LDL, and the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assy technique. RESULTS:50 μg/L,100 μg/L, 200 μg/L OX-LDL induced the release of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α by HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group , the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased at 6-12 h of stimulation with OX-LDL . Maximal levels of IL-6 and IL-8 occurred after 24-36 h, reaching a plateau maintained for at least 48 h. TNF-α rose after 2-6 h in HUVEC, and reached a maximum after 12 h. In contrast to IL-6 and IL-8, TNF-α declined after 48 h. However, when VitE (50 mg/L,100 mg/L,200 mg/L)was added, it can significant inhibited the release of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner, and after 48 h these cytokines have no diference between OX-LDL+VitE groups and OX-LDL groups. CONCLUSION: OX-LDL can obviously stimulate the production of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α in vascular endothelial cells, which can significantly be inhibited by VitE in a short time.


Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time. The national parks are taking specific measures to reduce their carbon emissions. I have conducted research with the National Park Service and the Environmental Studies Program as a sustainability intern to help the national parks reduce their carbon footprint and become more sustainable.


Objective To investigate the expression of T-lymphocyte subsets and the changes of co-stimulatory molecule CD28,CD40 in peripheral blood of patients with verruca vulgaris and verruca plantaris. Methods Flow cytometry technique was applied to analyze the T-lymphocyte subsets and the level of CD28,CD40 in lymphocytes of peripheral blood of 60 experimental groups (verruca vulgaris,verruca plantaris 30 cases each) and 30 healthy control groups. Results Verruca vulgaris,Verruca plantaris patients compared with healthy controls:CD4+ T- lymphocytes in peripheral blood (34.57%,35.39%,42.02%) was significantly reduced,there was a significant difference (P 0.01);CD4 +/CD8+ ratio (1.38,1.44,1.72) decreased,there was a significant difference(P 0.05);the expression of CD28 in lymphocytes (52.80%,51.87%,37.41%) was significantly increased,there was a significant difference(P 0.01);the expression of CD40 (12.88%,11.94%,15.82%) decreased,there was a significant difference (P 0.05). T-lymphocyte subsets and co-stimulatory molecule CD28,CD40 expression in peripheral blood between verruca vulgaris and verruca plantaris have no significant difference(P 0.05). T-lymphocyte subsets and co-stimulatory molecule CD28,CD40 expression in peripheral blood have no correlation with the number of wart in experimental groups (P 0.05). Conclusion The change of T-lymphocyte subsets and abnormal expression of co-stimulatory molecule CD28,CD40 exist in the patients with verruca vulgaris and verruca plantaris,may be related to immune dysfunction and duration of illness chronicity.


Cu2S nanowire arrays with different morphologies were prepared by solid-gas reaction between Cu foil and mixture gas of H2S and O2. Their microstructures were observed with XRD, TEM, and the optical properties were measured by DRS, PL and Raman. The results showed that the nanowire were Cu2S single crystal with a thin layer CuxO (x=1, 2) over the surface. The optical properties of the Cu2S nanowire arrays are related to the diameter, length, and distribution density of nanowire arrays. The thinner is the nanowire's diameter; the bigger is the absorption of the visible light, and the absorbance begun to descend within infrared band. The absorbance of nanowire arrays with bigger diameter to the infrared light was stronger than that with thinner diameter. The photoluminescence spectrum (PL) indicated that band gaps of Cu2S nanowire arrays also changed simultaneously with the nanowire arrays' structure parameters. The research demonstrated the Cu2S nanowire arrays' potential applications in the photovoltaic cell and solar-heat harvesting area.


Did India in 1964 congratulate herself (and receive congratulations from others) too quickly? 1965 raised the question but provided no clear answer. The "six days that did not shake the world" achieved the smooth selection of a leadership group to succeed Nehru. But Machiavelli who studied these matters thought that getting to power was one thing, capacity to hold it another. He further implied that making good use of it was something else again. Calendars do violence to the course of events, but if 1964 was a year of testing for the political system and the Congress organization at its center, then 1965 proved a period of trial for the country's successor leadership. But what is the outcome? The successors are indeed still there. That is something. In a "third world" of frequently falling governments and regimes, to survive merits one cheer. To achieve this without killing, imprisoning or exiling your opponents surely deserves a second. If it is then added that survival has been managed against a food crisis, language riots, insurrection plots and invasion by infiltration culminating in war itself, then it might seem that only the meanest soul could withhold the third cheer that is warranted by full success. It is not as easy as that. First, some kinds of crises make the job of governments not more, but less difficult. War characteristically unites a people behind its government-especially if it is short. Second, crises are not simple, external "acts of God"; they are man-made; and the men who are government have more influence over the course of events than most other men. How much merit is there in coping somehow with muddles of one's own creation? So the queries come flooding in and the outside observer is drowned in almost as much doubt as Indian commentators themselves; the game of "what would have happened if . . . ?" is begun. Under Nehru, would Madras have been allowed to catch fire, would the left communists not have been tamed, would (less convincingly) the food problem not have been tackled with vigor, would (most plausibly) IndoPakistan relations have deteriorated so fast and so far? India seems unduly prone to golden age doctrines and there were signs in the first part of 1965 that the Nehru era was obtaining honored place as that most unusual of things: a golden age we can actually remember. As so often happens, the Economic Weekly's voice of sanity had the crushing answer:


The reactivity of the Al/Si3N4/Si(100) system has been studied using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Si3N4 overlayer was prepared on Si(100) by N ion implantation and subsequent annealing. The deposition at 673 K of Al on a 18 A Si3N4 overlayer leads to the total reduction of the Si3N4 overlayer and the aluminum nitridation. The reaction also takes place at room temperature (RT) but to a lesser degree. The stability of a RT formed Al/Si3N4/Si structure was examined by increasing the sample temperature up to 673 K. In this way, the near complete reduction of a 24 A Si3N4 overlayer was obtained. These results show the instability of the Al/Si3N4 interface at moderate annealing temperatures.


Penetrating aortic ulcers is rare in clinical practice, and it is necessary to intervene in this type of aortic perforating ulcer because it can be accompanied by major arterial dissection and intermural hematoma. With the widespread application and technical advancement of follow-up thoracic aortic endovascular repair (TEVAR), endovascular treatment has become the first choice for symptomatic aortic perforating ulcers. In this review, we will review the diagnosis, diagnosis and endovascular treatment of aortic perforating ulcer.


e13509 Background: Quality cancer care relies on each profession keeping up with advances and best practices and spreading these across a complex multi-team system1. It requires enabling multiple providers and people living with cancer to bridge the distance between them and complement each other's contributions. The proximity framework2 provides a valuable way to understand conditions that increase the likelihood of knowledge sharing, innovation and collaboration. Methods: A qualitative study design of the Quebec Cancer Network was undertaken, with data collected from interviews with policymakers, managers, providers and users (N=22), observation of national and local level meetings (N=28) and document review. Interpretive Description using content analysis sought to identify actions that created proximity dimensions and the perceived influence these had on the development and spread of new approaches. Results: Deliberate actions taken within the network created different dimensions of proximity that impacted teamwork. Prescriptions from network leadership – including consistent promotion of the National cancer plan, patient participation in governance structures, shared quality indicators, and establishment of multidisciplinary committees at local level, created cognitive proximity: a shared mental model emphasizing patient-centred care and organizational proximity: shared standards across the network. Support for professional communities of practice created relational and institutional proximity, increasing trust and knowledge sharing. Local committees enhanced relational and cognitive proximity as providers came to appreciate and optimize each other's contribution to care. Conclusions: The combination of proximity dimensions created through communities of practice and prescriptions from the national level help develop and spread improvements that are tailored to - and take advantage of - networked team-based cancer care delivery. This reflects a balanced proximity where communities of practice pursue new knowledge and innovative practices that can be introduced in local committees to see how it fits with other contributions to solving a problem, thereby promoting recognition of interdependency within and between teams. Synergy between actions is essential to enhancing proximity. The proximity framework offers a complementary perspective to better understand opportunities for improving models of care. References: 1Weaver, S. J., et al. (2018). Unpacking care coordination through a multiteam system lens. Medical care, 56(3), 247-259. et al. Unpacking Care Coordination Through a Multiteam System Lens. Medical Care. 2018;56(3):247-59. 2Knoben, J., & Oerlemans, L. A. (2006). Proximity and inter‐organizational collaboration: A literature review. I nternational Journal of management reviews, 8(2), 71-89.


The microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded aluminum matrix composites reinforced with novel Al13Fe4 complex metallic alloy (CMA) nano-particles were investigated. The large grained structure of the hot pressed matrix was refined after addition of Al13Fe4 CMAs, the effect being more pronounced for Al-5mass% Al13Fe4 composite. The hot pressed specimens were subjected to uniaxial hot extrusion process (with a 9 : 1 ratio at 400°C). This had a great effect on the microstructural evolution of the composites. High-temperature shear punch test (SPT) was employed to investigate the effects of 110mass% Al13Fe4 additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the asextruded Al/Al13Fe4 composite. The shear behavior of the alloys was investigated in the temperature range of 25350°C. Al-5mass% Al13Fe4 nanocomposite had the highest shear strength among all the materials tested at high temperature (150, 250 and 350°C), mainly due to the semiideal dispersion of the thermally stable Al13Fe4 nano-particles, and the refined microstructure of the extruded specimen, which results in pronounced enhancement in mechanical properties. These thermally resistant particles are believed to increase the resistance of the composite against the applied shear stress in the deformation zone during the subjection of the material to SPT. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.MG201605]


Venous visualization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, the skin lower part of the target area taken from the near-infrared light irradiating portion, the infrared camera unit for shooting the target region, the infrared camera unit for irradiating near-infrared rays at the bottom of the target zone skin receiving the image information for image processing, and is located in close proximity to the image processing unit and the target area to provide a display device, it may include display device for displaying the image information provided from the image processor.


A single‐cell approach is employed to examine phenotypic variability during the transformation of 3T3‐L1 cells into fat cells. Using a coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscope, adipogenic gene expression, insulin signaling, and glucose import are visualized simultaneously with lipid synthesis within a single cell. Whereas lipid synthesis is not correlated with expression of adipogenic genes, a strong dependence on insulin sensitivity is observed. Faster insulin degradation rate renders advanced‐stage cells more sensitive to further insulin stimulation than early‐stage cells. Consequently, increased kinase activity and glucose import in advanced‐stage cells are observed. Single‐cell profiling reveals insulin sensitivity, as determined by insulin degradation rate, is the origin of cell‐to‐cell phenotypic variability in drug‐inducible adipogenesis. Furthermore, CARS microscopy has been integrated with confocal Raman microspectroscopy for molecular profiling in single lipid bodies, which allowed us to distinguish de novo synthesis and fatty acid uptake pathways in lipogenesis.


While the field of acute care is diverse, it can be conceptualized by a number of shared characteristics. Generally speaking, acute care deals with the assessment and treatment of sudden and unexpected illnesses or injuries. These events tend to be life-threatening and accompanied by severe pain. They may be characterized as either discrete or episodic events. Not surprisingly, the primary health objective is to save the patient's life. Consequently the field of acute care has depended on the advanced technologies and clinical expertise of tertiary care settings.
Dramatic changes in the health care system underscore the fact that acute care as we have known it is being revolutionized. Two trends in particular have the potential of threatening the health of families and communities; namely, early hospital discharge and reliance on families and local community clinics for the convalescence period. We use the word "potential" because of the paucity of research into their effects on the patient, family, and health care system.


. In recent years } we have focused on the restart of the GMRES ( m ) method , and proposed an extension of the GMRES ( m ) method based on the error equatiQns . In this paper , from the analysis on the residual polynomial of the extension of the GMRES ( m ) method , we propose a Look − Back GMRES ( m ) method a Look − Back str α tegy which reconstructs the past residua


Procaine penicillin (procaine benzylpenicillin) given from the first day after hatching to slaughter led to a total increase in output of 11 and 15.4% respectively in two trials on different strains of table cockerels. The improved yield was partly due to improved growth and partly to a reduction in cull rate. Penicillin improved food-conversion up to seven weeks of age, but this advantage was no longer evident at 15 weeks.


In this article, we have obtained simple excess capacitance formula for asymmetric stripline open‐end. The average error of the formula is less than 2%. On the basis of this formula and the field‐based equivalent circuit model obtained by the authors before, a low‐pass filter and an edge coupled stripline band‐pass filter are analyzed by the field‐based equivalent circuit together with the excess capacitance formula of this article. Compared with numerical results, the average errors of S parameters are less than 2%. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 406–408, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24072


Diarrhea is an endemic disease that contributes to the high mortality rate in Indonesia, especially among children under five. The Kuningan District Health Office had difficulties in monitoring and supervising the spread of diarrheal diseases. This study aims to produce a mapping scheme of priority areas in handling the prevention and control of the spread of diarrheal disease in children under five in Kuningan Regency. The method used is the Data Mining Clustering method by comparing two algorithms, namely the K-Means algorithm and the K-Medoids algorithm. Determination of the optimum number of clusters using the Elbow and Silhouette Coefficient methods. With this method, the result is that in the K-Means algorithm the optimum number of clusters is 3 clusters while the K-Medoids algorithm is 2 clusters. The best cluster evaluation uses the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) method and the results show that the K-Means DBI value is always smaller than the K-Medoids algorithm in either 2 clusters or 3 clusters, this shows that the K-Means algorithm is better than the K-Medoids algorithm. Based on these results, it is recommended to map priority areas for handling diarrheal diseases using the K-Means algorithm with 3 clusters, namely medium priority areas consisting of 9 regions, high priority areas consisting of 3 regions and low priority areas consisting of 25 regions. The results of the mapping can be used as input for the Kuningan District Health Office to develop strategies for preventing and preventing diarrheal diseases in children under five.


Mine water inflow refers to the influx of mine within the mine construction and production process of water per unit time. The amout of water inflow is not only an important indicator of the technical and economic evaluation of mine construction and rational development but also the main basis for coal mining production design department to develop programs to identify and develop the ability to mine dewatering and drainage measures, playing an important role in preventing the accidents of mine water inrush and flooding mine malignant as well as reducing the production costs and protecting mine safety. In this paper, the way coal mining in northeast in china for points, by means of sequence numerical simulation compared to traditional separated mining area in calculating water inflow, then matches the results to the existing mine water inflow, to validate the model accuracy, improve the accuracy of the numerical simulation, to provide security for mining coal mine safety.


The present invention provides a W-CDMA based system and the mobile station mode reception diversity function. In the mobile station having a plurality of receiving antennas through diversity function, a computing unit, a measurement result of the level calculating section synthesizing each of the receiving antenna, the power level measurement value is calculated as a synthesis of the mobile electrical machine level measurement result.


av rpifeiev Porson. crxia TIS av irptyeiev Boissonade and various edd. since, trusting to the gloss of Photius : Trpiij/aiTO 6/totwo-ai' X I t is however very unlikely that p should have had the active meaning of ofjioiovv, and Photius' gloss is much too late to carry any great authority. The word ypatfcrjv in line 1329 leads us to believe that Aeschylus wrote (TKIR TIS av ypdij/uev. ypatfarfv almost demands something of the kind to precede it. As Plato speaks of a a-Kiaypa<f>ia aptTrp; a n d r/8ovrj i(TKiaypa<f>rjfji.evri, so Aeschylus here of what we may call a evrv)(fa icnciaypatj>7]ixcvr]. Since thinking of this, I find from the note of Wecklein (who himself reads a-Kid Tisav Tpitj/euv with Porson) that Rauchenstein has already suggested a-Kidv TIS av ypdij/euv. I t seems however worth while to repeat the suggestion, as it has perhaps not received due attention.


Acetone and ethanol extracts of five marine algae namely Caulerpa taxifolia, Chaetomorpha antennina, Cladophora fascicularis, Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria corticata collected from two locations in three seasons were tested for the growth inhibition of five bacteria and three fungi. Caulerpa taxifolia, Chaetomorpha antennina and Gracilaria corticata exhibited considerable inhibition against bacterium Bacillus subtilis and yeast Candida albicans. Distal parts of algae of summer season showed good inhibitory activity. None of the algal extracts inhibited bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fungi Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum. A significant difference (p<0.01, ANOVA) in antibacterial activity of the extracts of Chaetomorpha antennina was found in different seasons. Significant difference (p<0.001, ANOVA) was also found in the inhibitory activities of acetone extracts of distal and proximal parts of Chaetomorpha antennina of summer. No relation was found between microbial growth inhibition and phenolic content of algae.


The lithiation of brominated aryl (α-dimethylsilyl)alkyl sulfides in diethyl ether produces stable heterocyclic silanes, which were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography. The reaction involves the intramolecular attack of the phenyl carbanion on the silicon atom with the formation of a pentacoordinated silicon intermediate. The stability of the formed intermediate depends on the solvent. It decomposes easily in THF at −78 °C with Si–C bond cleavage; however, it is stable in diethyl ether at room temperature. Addition of water results in the Si–H bond cleavage, while the heterocyclic ring containing the silicon atom is conserved.


The present study investigates the influence of grammatical and phonological errors on the perceived degree of foreign accent strength. German and Polish participants listened to speech in their native language produced with foreign and native accent. They rated the accent strength of each sentence on a 7-point scale. Grammatical errors consisted of gender agreement violations and phonological errors consisted of controlled vowel substitutions. Both error types significantly affected the perception of accent strength in the foreign and native-accented condition. In Polish, phonological anomalies had significantly more impact than grammatical violations in native-accented sentences. In German, there was no significant difference between phonological and grammatical violations. The study provides evidence that the presence of phonological and grammatical errors increases the perceived accentedness of speech. The weighting of both errors for accent perception can vary between languages.


Condom usage is one of the most effective strategies for combating the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Despite increased sexual knowledge, adolescents in Nigeria are poor condom users. They are less likely than adults to consistently use condoms or other methods of protection that could reduce their chances of infection. The objective of the study was to describe the trend in the condom usage and to determine the association between demographic variables and condom usage among youths aged 15-24 years from1999-2008.
A comparative cross-sectional population based study was carried out in which a secondary data review analyses of Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 1999, 2003 and 2008 data were done. Statistical package of social science version 17.0 was used for determining frequencies, chi square and the p-values.
There was a significant increase in the usage of condom from 8.2% in 1999 to 9.3% in 2008 to 10.5% in 2008 among the female youths, though the percentages are still very low. There was an insignificant increase in condom usage among the male youths from 31.1% in 1999 to 38.7% in 2003 and then a decrease to 36.8% in 2008. There was significant association between the urban dwellers, 20-24 years age group, Christians, literate and single female youths and condom usage over the years while the rural dwellers, single and literate male youths experienced significant increase in condom usage over the years at p<0.05.
Condom usage by youths significantly increased over the years. However, the increase is still considered low and not enough to effectively reduce the prevalence of HIV and AIDS. Religion, marital status, age group, education and literacy are variables that influenced condom usage by young people. Campaign on the usage of condom during sexual intercourse among young people at every level of education, urban or rural residence, age group and religion should be intensified.


The quantity of application and service which university data center carries is increasing rapidly,and so the higher requirements are put forward for the security and stability of server system.However,for the aggravation of hacker activities,the security of data center is seriously affected.Using DES ECC-based mixed encryption algorithm,this paper discusses a new mode of safety management for the data center.


Our educational system is undergoing great scrutiny. The success of our nation's schools and their students is under serious evaluation and interpretation. Currently, one of the most visible and pertinent "political products" impacting our schools and students is the federal legislation No Child Left Behind (2002). Specific concerns arise around schools' ability to include students with disabilities, among other "disadvantaged groups," in strategies for academic success. Disability Studies contends that the place and positioning of disability is fundamentally political. This article uses a Disability Studies lens to critique NCLB. The potential benefits, problematic areas, and dangerous aspects to schools, teachers, parents, students with disabilities, and the community at large are presented within this Disability Studies context.


Introduction Post-traumatic hemarthrosis is identified as intra-articular hemorrhage accompanied by five classic signs of inflammation: hyperemia, hyperthermia, edema, pain and changes in the joint function. The objective of the study was to establish whether inflammation should be underestimated in post-traumatic hemarthrosis based on the analysis of the world scientific literature of recent years. Material and methods Internet search platform Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics, USA): databases Web of Science Core Collection (subscription access), Publons (open access), Medline (open access) were used to review scientific articles. Papers from the Scopus Elsevier database (Netherlands) were explored. The search depth was 15 years. Topics that did not receive coverage in the literature of this period were studied until the 1960s in some cases. More than 200 sources were identified on the subject. The literature published in the current year was analyzed covering 15.0 % of the materials, brought out in the last 5 years including the current year covering 56.3 %, in the last 10 years including the current year covering 73.8 %, in the last 15 years including the current year covering 81.3 %. Results and discussion The severity of injury and the accompanying inflammatory factors would characterize a rapid resolution or a more severe course of post-traumatic hemarthrosis during treatment. The combination of several variants of inflammation can lead to the development of complications including osteoarthritis in cases that show mechanisms of chronic systemic inflammation of low intensity being manifested at the time of injury; ankylosis of the joint resulting from chronic systemic inflammation of low intensity involving degenerative processes. Synovitis, as a complication of post-traumatic hemarthrosis, should be differentiated with signs of low-grade inflammation, chronic course of classical inflammation and presystemic inflammation (purulent arthritis) in view of the inflammation theory. Conclusion The analysis of modern literature has shown the complexity and versatility of aspects of inflammation in posttraumatic hemarthrosis. The lack of emphasis on the assessment of the inflammatory response in rehabilitation of patients with post‑traumatic hemarthrosis can result in complications causing preconditions for the development of osteoarthritis, ankylosis, synovitis.


The prospect of an active effective angle of attack control of flapping-foil turbine is numerically examined here using a flat plate in both laminar and turbulent flow conditions. The instantaneous effective angle of attack of the flapping flat plate at the pivot location is actively controlled from a cosine time variation to a square wave time variation while observing that ensuing at the leading edge of the flat plate. The results from the power generated and power efficiency (performance) suggest that the square wave time variation is best for a flapping flat plate turbine with a maximum effective angle of attack approximately 21 0 or less while a cosine time variation is best for approximately 36 0 and above. Improvements in performance over the cosine time variation (baseline) were recorded when the flapping-foil was pivoted between 0.4 and 0.5 of the chord length from the leading edge. The performance improvements over the baseline are mostly a result of (i) the reduction in the pitch rate due to less positive moment when the effective angle of attack is constant, hence lessening the power requirement for the reversal of the flat plate in the pitch direction; and (ii) the increase in the negative moment acting on the flat plate which synchronizes well with the ensuing high pitch velocity; when the effective angle of attack is undergoing a rapid sign reversal.


Abstract: This present study focuses G +14 Simple Building model In STAAD PRO software. With beam size 300 X 400 mm and column size 400 X 500 mm this reinforced concrete building having M30 grade of Concrete and Fe415 high density steel. To study the response of building with and without bracing system. The performance of the building is analyzed in Zone III, Zone IV, Zone V. Metallic braces is the easiest of simplest way of reducing response of building which gave rise to nine models for the analysis.Model1 in -BFB- Bare frame RCC Building.Model2 in -BX1-Framed building with Bracing at the exterior side along X-direction.Model3 in -BY2- Framed building with Bracing at the exterior side along Y-direction.Model4 in -BXY3- Framed building with Bracing at the exterior side along X and Y-direction.Model5 in-BEC4- Framed building with Bracing at the exterior side around the corners. This system of bracing is used because eccentric bracing systems consist of a link element that undergoes inelastic deformation for energy dissipation. This link is possibly beam element of frame structure which is more suitable for steel structures and not for reinforced concrete structures and a shear wall is a structural panel that can withstand the impact of lateral forces on it. Lateral forces are those parallel to the wall plane and are usually wind loads and seismic loads. This building has been modeled as 3D Space frame model with six degree of freedom at each node using STAAD PRO. software for stimulation of behavior under gravity and seismic loading.


coordinated contraction and relaxation of gut smooth muscle are essential for normal swallowing, gastric emptying, intestinal propulsion, and defecation. Relaxation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is brought about by the action of inhibitory substances released by enteric nerves and other cells


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate contract farming in China, using vegetable production as a case. Specifically, the authors analyze farmers' contract decisions for different types of contracts, their contract compliance behaviors, and their profitability affected by the contracts both analytically and empirically. Design/methodology/approach - The authors assume growers with alternative risk preferences make the contract decisions to maximize their expected utilities, under exogenous market price risks and contract terms determined by the processor or wholesaler. Both fixed price and floating price contracts are analyzed. Two surveys of 185 and 85 farm households, respectively, are obtained in Shandong province in 2010, and econometric analyses with both Logit and least square regressions are conducted. Findings - The results indicate that the determining factors for contract farming are related to farmers' risk attitude, gender, yield, farm size and labor availability. However, contrary to the common belief that contracts are a risk management tool for risk averse farmers, the risk lovers tend to use contract farming instead of risk averters. Female household heads and farms with more labors tend not to use contracts, but larger farms with more acreage are more likely to contract. These suggest Chinese farmers' primary motivation of contracting is not market price risk management, but rather seeking better offers and marketing transaction cost reduction. Originality/value - The authors believe that this is the first econometric study to analyze contract farming allowing different types of contracts in China. The scenarios include cases without contracts, with fixed price contracts, and with floating price contracts, where the contract price changes to reflect the market price, a very unique yet popular situation in China. Each of the cases is also considered under the situation whether default is possible.


Summary form only given. We used the new P/sub 2/O/sub 5/-Na/sub 2/O-ZnO-AlF/sub 3/-Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/ glass system for the formation of PbSe and PbS semiconductor quantum dots (SQD). Thermal treatment of initially colorless glasses at 390-440/spl deg/C led to their coloring to brown and black depending on the annealing. X-ray diffractometry of the annealed glass samples proved the existence of PbSe, PbS SQD with NaCl cubic structure in the glasses. Transmission electron microscopy of the samples demonstrated existence of spherical SQD with the size varied between /spl sim/2 and 15 nm depending on the duration and the temperature of the heat treatment. The measured spectrum of the secondary X-rays indicated the presence of lead and sulfur in the SQD. The optical absorption spectra of the annealed glass samples with PbS and PbSe SQD were measured in the spectral range 350-3500 nm at several temperatures. Sets of optical absorption peaks corresponded to different quantum transitions were clearly observed even in the spectra measured at room temperature, and the measurements at He temperature indicated narrow (/spl sim/5-7%) size distribution of the SQD. Theoretical analysis of the energy spectra and optical transitions was carried out in the framework of the four-band k/spl middot/p model with full account of the anisotropy effects. It was demonstrated that strong anisotropy of the energy bands of bulk PbSe, PbS resulted in the arising of additional optical transitions in the SQD. These anisotropy-induced optical transitions were clearly observed in the measured absorption spectra of the SQD. The calculated energy positions of the optical transitions coincided with the results of the measurements of optical absorption and luminescence spectra. Five optical transitions were distinguished and interpreted, and the calculated dependencies of the energies of these transitions versus the SQD size were in a good agreement with that obtained from the experimental data for 40-110 /spl Aring/ SQD diameter range.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of "Fuyuan Xingnao Decoction" in treating type 2 diabetes complicated with acute cerebral infarction and its effect on insulin resistance.Methods One hundred and twelve subjects were randomly divided into treatment group(n=56) and control group(n=56).The patients in control group were treated with conventional western medicines,while those in treatment group were treated with conventional western medicines and "Fuyuan Xingnao Decoction" for 15 days.The total effective rate,fasting blood glucose(FPG),fasting insulin of blood serum(FINS),and insulin sensitivity index(ISI) were observed before and after treatment.Results The total effective rates in the treatment group and the control group were 92.86% and 76.78% respectively,with a significant difference(P0.05).There were significant differences in the levels of FPG,FINS and ISI(P0.05) between before and after treatment in the two groups,but there was a significant difference in ISI between the two groups after treatment(P0.05).Conclusion "Fuyuan Xingnao Decoction" may obviously increase the clinical efficacy in treating type 2 diabetes complicated with acute cerebral infarction,as well as significantly improve insulin resistance.


The purpose of this study was to determine whether the relationship between group interaction quality and group decision performance can be generalized to established organizational groups. Four hypotheses derived from previous historical and laboratory studies of group decision-making efficacy were examined using nine established, ongoing decision-making groups obtained from a large utility company in the midwest. The results of the study generally support the process-outcome relationship. Specifically, it was discovered that group decision performance is directly related to a group's efforts to analyze and understand its task and objective(s) as well as identify the positive and negative qualities of alternative choices. These findings reaffirm the claim that group decision performance is enhanced by a group's ability to engage in vigilant interaction prior to arriving at a decision.


[Objective] To investigate the polymorphism of IL-6-174G gene of patients with cerebral infarction among Han people in Tangshan areas.[Methods] Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine IL-6-174G /C genotype distribution and allele frequency among 157 cases with cerebral infarction and 163 health con-trols in Tangshan areas.[Results] Compared with the control group,the cerebral infarction of low density lipoprotein dyslipi-demia significantly increased(P﹤ 0.05),the high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C)significantly decreased(P ﹤ 0.05).The triglycerides(TG)and the total cholesterol(TC)in cerebral infarction group showed no significant difference compared with controls.The fasting plasma glucose and fibrinogen(Fg)cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P﹤0.05),and GG and GC genotypes was found in 174 sites of IL-6 gene among Han people in Tangshan ar-eas,and no CC genotype was found.Compared with control group,the gene frequencies of GC and GG in Cerebral infarction showed no significant difference(P﹥0.05).[Conclusion] The IL-6-174G /C genetic polymorphism in ethnic groups of Tang-shan areas may has no association with cerebral infarction.


"This report presents the first year results for the 2016–2020 annual dolphin monitoring program for three
species of coastal dolphins in the Darwin region (Bynoe Harbour, Darwin Harbour and Shoal Bay). Program objectives of the report was to assess the abundance, apparent survival, emigration rates and movements of dolphins in the Darwin Region, and, to assess the long term viability of dolphin populations and document implications for conservation management. " - Executive Summary


AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO EXAMINE SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN TRASIT SYSTEMS AND TO IDENTIFY KEY FACTORS RELATED TO INITIATING SOUND COMMUNITY PLANNING AND ACHIEVING DESIRABLE SOLUTIONS TO URBAN TRANSIT PROBLEMS IN EMERGING METROPOLITAN AREAS. DIRECTED TOWARD COMMUNITY LEADERS, LOCAL AND STATE POLITICANS AND URBAN PLANNERS, MOST HAVING LIMITED KNOWLEDGE ABOUT URBAN TRANSIT, THE ANALYSIS FOCUSES ON THE FACTORS CONTRIBUTION TO THE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS FACING CITIES OF 50,000 POPULATION OR GREATER AND DESCRIBES THE CIRCUMSTANCES AND CONDITIONS REQUIRED TO INITIATE ACTION AT LOCAL, STATE AND FEDERAL LEVELS AS WELL AS FINDING EQUITABLE SOLUTIONS IN TERMS OF COMMUNITY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. /AUTHOR/


This paper examines Australian retail demand for meat for the post-war period 1949-50 to 1978-79. Several systems of demand equations are estimated, each system (comprising equations for beef, mutton, lamb, pork and chicken) being derived from an underlying static utility function. Model selection procedures are used to determine the preferred specifications). The validity of the utility theory approach is investigated by: testing for the presence of autocorrelation; examining the monotonicity and convexity properties of the utility functions; and comparing the estimated price and expenditure elasticities with those of other Australian studies. Serial correlation does arise as a problem, but other results provide support for the theory.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to find out the current status of smart phone usage, differences of developmental characteristicsandtime diaries between high- and low- usage groups. The study also triedpredicting variables among children's personal and family environment factors in order to classifyfour year old children in the fifth year Panel Study on Korean Children into the two groups. Data was collectedfrom 435 smart phone users and 157 of them who had started to use a phone before age 3.Frequency analysis, t-test and logistic regression were performed. The results showedthat most 4 year old children started to use a phone in their fourth year and used it frequently. The low level groups of girls and all participants showed lower levels of behavior problems, and the low level group of all participants had a longer sleep times than the high level group had. Children's activity and social temperament were identified as predicting variables for classifying children into the two groups. The results suggested the necessity of measures preventing children from excessive smart phone usage in theirearly years and to consider children's temperament first.▶Key Words : young children's usage of a smart phone, developmental characteristics, daily life time, predicting variables of a smart phone usage논 문 투 고 2015. 10. 15.수정원고접수 2015. 12. 14.최종게재결정 2015. 12. 16.


Some of the insulating materials made of ceramics and glass fibers do not satisfy the present standards, in particular regarding biopersistance. The estimation of their biopersistance is usually carried out using both invivo and in-vitro tests. The present testing of glass fibers determined that the risk of carcinogenicity evidently increases with increasing biopersistance. The purpose of this study was to determine a normalized dissolution rate of heated and unheated glass fibers and to discuss the mechanism of glass fibers dissolution in the simulated lung fluids (SLFs) using in-vitro flowthrough tests. Corrosion of both heated (crystalline) and unheated (amorphous) glass fibers was investigated. The NR [g·m -2 /day (normalized dissolution rate) for unheated and heated glass fibers was determined. This rate (NR) increased with increasing flow rate. Most probable rate controlling mechanism of glass matrix dissolution is the transition of surface reaction products through the solution boundary layer adjacent to the fiber surface. The first results show that the dissolution rate of the heated glass fibers is lower than of the unheated glass fibers in both of the simulated lung fluids.


The theme of the master thesis is Development Strategy of the microregion Protivanovsko in the technical infrastructure field. The thesis consists of three parts. In the first part there are mentioned theoretical resources of the theme, in the second part, there was made analysis of the present condition of the waste water treatment in the particular communities of the microregion. Within the third part there was worked out project coming out of suggest strategy, whose goal was to choose the most optimal option of the solution of the waste water treatment in the community Male Hradisko. In the conclusion there were estimated all risks and contributions of the project.


This paper reviews some of the different formulations of the force exerted on a submerged body by the fluid flowing around it. The study is particularly focused on identifying the most appropriate formulations and their inherent assumptions and experimental conditions that fit the current experimental techniques. Several force formulations are derived using different assumptions such as finite and infinite domain, simple and double connected domains. The aim was to obtain formulations that can benefit from the data gathered through the particle image velocimetry method, more explicitly the velocity field around the body and its derivatives. The equations were afterwards discussed in terms of their exposure to error magnification due to the limitations of the experimental method and recommendations were made for appropriate situations in which different formulations should be used. In conclusion, all different force formulations are valid and can be used with the Particle Image Velocimetry data but the accuracy of each outcome depends on the problem definition. As a future objective, experimental work should be performed and test the different equations for different flow conditions, steady, unsteady, quasi-steady, and also for different domain ranges.


METHOD OF INCREASING THE PRESSURE WHEN THE FLOW RATES. IT CONSISTS OF: MEASURING THE PRESSURE IN THE STEAM COLLECTOR 51; -TO OPEN THE BYPASS VALVE (HPBP) FOR FLOOR PRESSURE REFERENCE VALUE; -TO OPEN THE MAIN ADJUSTMENT VALVE (MCV) FOR A SPEED CONTROL UNIT; -A CLOSE THE BYPASS VALVE TO MAINTAIN THE MANIFOLD STEAM PRESSURE TO THE REFERENCE VALUE WHEN THE MAIN ADJUSTMENT VALVE OPENS; -TOPING PARAMETERS CONTROL VITESSECHARGE TO THE PRESSURE CONTROL; TO OPEN THE MAIN ADJUSTMENT VALVE ON LARGER OPEN VALUES TO MAINTAIN THE MANUFACTURER'S STEAM PRESSURE AT THE REFERENCE VALUE AS THE STEAM FLOW S '' INCREASE; -A COMPARING THE POSITION OF THE MAIN ADJUSTMENT VALVE TO A POSITION MARGIN REFERENCE VALUE OF THIS VALVE; -A ADJUSTING THE PRESSURE REFERENCE VALUE FOR MAINTAIN THE POSI MAIN ADJUSTMENT VALVE TO OPEN VALUE CORRESPONDING TO MARGIN REFERENCE VALUE. APPLICATION TO MIXED CYCLE POWER PLANTS.


In this thesis, the author uses a sample of senior high students in Kaohsiung to explore the relationship of online games with interpersonal relationships and learning achievement. In this study, the author utilizes both a literature review and a survey, including data analyzed with SPSS statistical analysis software, in order to obtain the following conclusions: 1. The relationship between demographic factors and the motivation to use online games, online gaming behavior, interpersonal relationships, and learning achievement is partially significant. 2. There is a partially significant relationship between the motivation to use online games, online gaming behavior, interpersonal relationships, and learning achievement. The degrees of the relationships are medium and weak. 3. Using regression analysis, a significant relationship was found between the motivation to use online games and online gaming behavior. 4. Hierarchical regression analysis found a lack of any effect of online gaming behavior on the motivation to play online games, based on a positive self-assessment in interpersonal relationships. Conversely, there is a significant impact of online gaming behavior on the motivation to use online games, based on a negative self-assessment in interpersonal relationships. 5. Using hierarchical regression analysis, it is shown that there is a significant impact of online gaming behavior on the motivation to use online games, based on a self-assessment in schoolwork. Finally, the analysis of the results examines related management issues, practical suggestions, as well as implications for future research.


TheJournal.ie last week revealed that discussions have already begun with labs capable of carrying out drug-testing in a number of locations across Ireland, in a bid to reduce the health risks associated with taking drugs at the events. .....


Large-scale high-rise architecture projects have been central to the rise of the construction industry in Turkey in recent years. This vertical escalation, however, has not been received without dissidence. Scholars, activists, journalists and officials with different viewpoints have participated in media debates regarding the reasons and consequences of this transformation. In these discussions, stakeholders have raised various environmental, cultural and ethical concerns that the vertical organisation of cities generate. Focussing on juxtapositions of Izmir and Istanbul in debates on urban verticality in the city of Izmir, Turkey's third most populated city, the paper examines how such comparisons with Istanbul, where the recent urban neoliberal transformation is experienced most intensely, have been mobilised to oppose vertical expansion. The paper argues that as a result of the recent centralisation of the Turkish economy around construction, the hyper-visibility of skyscrapers and the concentration of the urban transformation generated by the Turkish construction industry in Istanbul, skyscrapers have become materialised symbols of Istanbul's integration into global capitalism, neoliberal urbanisation, and the difference between Istanbul and other urban centres in Turkey. This example establishes urban verticality as a discursive axis at which urban centres outside of the Global North establish their difference from each other.


We prove the uniqueness theorem for the stationary axisymmetric black hole solution in Einstein-Maxwell-axion-dilaton gravity being the low-energy limit of the heterotic string theory. We consider both the nonextremal and extremal Kerr-Sen black hole solutions.


The acceptance of bioethics within the academy and society as a legitimate discipline that informs our health care morality is a stunning reality that has occurred in much less than a half century....


The bar was pitched simultaneously as a commercial bar and an aesthetic experience, mirroring the extreme end of art's commercialisation. A contrasting approach can be seen in artists Jen Rubin and Dawn Weleski's Conflict Kitchen, a pop-up restaurant launched in 2010 in Pittsburgh, USA, that serves food from countries in which the United States is engaged in military conflict, opening up discussion and critical thinking about global politics, ideology and , warfare. Both projects raise the question of whether art as enterprise signals the beginning, or rather the end, of critical artistic practices in a commercial world.


The present work was carried out in buffaloes enterprise of the central region of Cuba. Registrations of 24 F1 crossbreed River x Swamp female buffalos were ...


To establish in the current market, companies must be competitive and this implies to make the most with the resources they possess with the minimum of investment. Therefore, the application of the methodology Lean Manufacturing with the help of a simulation software allows to minimize the amount of defects during the production process without great amount of capital, time, staff, and the most important of all, it doesn't require to stop the process.
The challenge of being able to reduce waste began with a survey of information through visits to the company, direct observation and contad with the operators. This information was used for the realization of some industrial engineering tools such as Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Operations chart, Flow chart, Route chart and a time and motion study, establishing the necessary parameters to perform the simulation for the actual process.
With this information, different tools of the Lean Manufacturing methodology were applied which included line balancing, Kanban, Takt Time and Just In Time in order to fmd different altematives for improvement for the current process. The alternatives were presented to the management of the company to analyze its feasibility and viability and the proposals that were adapted to the interests and capabilities of the company were chosen. Subsequently, the simulation of the current model was used as the basis for making the proposed changes, providing the possibility of a comparison between the current and the proposed model. For this, 52 processes of production were simulated in order to represent the total runs that take place in a year and the following indicators were evaluated:
1. Total production of sausages
2. Distance Traveled by the Operators
3. Number of defective sausages
Based on the results obtained, the implementation of 7 different altematives allowed to reduce defective sausages by 78.94%, going ffom an average of 19 to only 4 products per production day. this means that approximately 780 sausages are reduced per year, equivalent to $ 1,092,000 COP. Another important aspect was the reduction of the distances traveled by the workers during a productive run ffom an average of 960 meters to 719 meters.
Finally , a financial analysis was carried out in which the altematives chosen were evaluated economically and their viability was proven by retuming the investment in the short term of 8 months.


Neospora caninum a protozoan parasite causes abortions in cattle, as well as neurological disorders and reproductive problems in dogs. This study was conducted to detect Neospora caninum in fecal samples of stray and domestic dogs and determine the effects of sex, age, months and areas in the infection rate in Baghdad city by using molecular technique (Nested PCR– n PCR) during the period of the beginning of January to October (2021). The total infection rate was 10% (10/100).Higher infection rate 15.30% (8/52) was recorded in stray dogs than domestic dogs 4.16 % (2/48), and males than females (12.72% and 6.66%) respectively. The higher infection rate (7.70%) was recorded in the age group more than 5 years, while no infection rate (0.00%) was found in the age group less than 2 years. A higher infection rate (20.00%) was recorded in May while no infection rate (0.00%) was found in January and February. A significant (P≤0.01) difference was found in the infection rate among areas and the higher infection rate was recorded in Al-Shalaa (20.00%), while no infection rate (0.00%) was found in Al-Salam and Al-Gzalia areas.


Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an annual grain legume, is being broadly included in cereal-based cropping systems throughout the semiarid Canadian prairies, but information on optimum plant population density (PPD) has not been developed for this region. This study, which was conducted from 1998 to 2000 in southwestern Saskatchewan, determined the effect of PPD on field emergence, seed yield and quality, and harvestability of kabuli and desi chickpea compared with dry pea (Pisum sativum L.). Seed yields of all legumes increased with increasing PPD when the crops were grown on conventional summerfallow. The PPD that produced the highest seed yields ranged from 40 to 45 plants m-2 for kabuli chickpea, from 45 to 50 plants m-2 for desi chickpea, and from 75 to 80 plants m-2 for dry pea. When the legumes were grown on wheat stubble, the PPD that gained optimum seed yield ranged from 35 to 40 plants m-2 for kabuli chickpea, from 40 to 45 plants m-2 for desi chickpea, and from 65 to 70 plants m-2 for dry pea. T...


ABSTRACT The mechanism of stomatin‐induced differentiation of Tetrahymena vorax was investigated by in vivo protease degradation of cell surface proteins, the direct measurement of products formed from the activation of phospholipase C, and the use of an array of signal transduction inhibitors/activators. The data indicate that a surface‐exposed protein is required for stomatin to signal the cells to differentiate and that the cells are committed to the differentiation pathway within two hours after exposure to stomatin. Analysis of radiolabeled polyphosphoinositols and inositol lipids from control and stomatin‐treated populations in the presence of 10 mM LiCl were consistent with a rapid activation of phospholipase C. Within five min following addition of stomatin, this resulted in an increase in polyphosphoinositols and a concomitant decrease in the relative amounts of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate.


Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health concern. Many drug development strategies focus on metal complexes because they have different inhibitory mechanisms and are less prone to drug resistance than...


The evaluation of reliability is an important part in the complex network study,and the index of reliability is the premise and the basis of such evaluation.Based on both real network and relative findings,the reliability indexes for evaluating the reliability of complex network are collected and summarized.The index system includes four first-grade indexes(the invulnerability,survivability,availability,and synchronism) and some second-grade indexes.The evaluation indexes are expected to be the basis and the reference for the reliability evaluation of complex network in the future.


We present a series of epitaxial studies resulting in reduced waveguide loss and improved quantum efficiency for waveguides and amplifiers respectively on InP. Combined with improved router designs and optimized active/passive transitions, these advances make the fabrication of many large scale (>1 cm) devices practical. We will demonstrate low threshold waveguide grating router (WGR) based lasers, a 9/spl times/9 optical spatial cross connect, and a dynamic power equalizer.


This article aims to point out, in the logic of being, a confusion between being and nothing undetermined and determined to build the argument by which Kant refuted the ontological proof of God's existence. However, the development of Hegel's reply points to something beyond that. The secret of infinity exceeds the logic of being, to express itself in the bond between Concept and effectiveness. Clearly, this bond leads the way and how the logic will think the absolute - hence the up close connection with the problem involved in the proofs of the existence of God.


We present a Radio Recombination Line (RRL) survey of the Galactic Plane from the Hi Parkes All-sky Survey and associated Zone of Avoidance survey, which mapped the region l = 196 ◦ – 0 ◦ – 52 ◦ and |b| 6 5 ◦ at 1.4GHz and 14.4arcmin resolution. We combine three RRLs, H168α, H167α, and H166α to derive fully sampled maps of the diffuse ionized emission along the inner Galactic plane. The velocity information, at a resolution of 20kms −1 , allows us to study the spatial distribution of the ionized gas and compare it with that of the molecular gas, as traced by CO. The longitudevelocity diagram shows that the RRL emission is mostly associated with CO gas from the molecular ring and is concentrated within the inner 30 ◦ of longitude. There are Hii complexes with no clear CO association, suggesting an evolved state where the parent molecular cloud has been disrupted by stellar feedback. The first unambiguous measure of the free-free emission in this region of the Galaxy is derived from the line-integrated RRL emission, assuming an electron temperature gradient with Galactocentric radius of 496±100Kkpc −1 . Based on the thermal continuum map we extracted a catalogue of 312 sources, with flux densities, sizes and velocities. We report the first RRL observations of the southern ionized lobe in the Galactic centre. The line profiles and velocities suggest that this degree-scale structure is in rotation. We also present new evidence of diffuse ionized gas in the 3-kpc arm. Helium and carbon RRLs are detected in this survey. The He line is mostly observed towards Hii regions, whereas the C line is also detected further away from the OB stars. These data represent the first observations of diffuse C RRLs in the Galactic plane at a frequency of 1.4GHz. The present survey is valuable for a range of applications, from studies of the Galactic star formation rate, electron density distribution, properties of the warm ionized and cold atomic gas, to the separation of thermal and non-thermal emission in the Galactic plane. The data are available for download.


This paper analyses the relation between trust as the element of social capital and individual subjective life satisfaction. It answers the question of whether trustful people are happier than suspicious people. Using the concept of social capital, we consider three main types of trust: general, institutional and social. The article estimates the level of trust in Russia using data from value research in two federal districts in Russia. This research was conducted by the Centre for Comparative Social Research in summer 2012. The main hypothesis, that there a positive relationship between the level of trust and subjective life satisfaction, was tested using the method of structural equation modelling.


Abstract In order to improve product quality, reduce cost, increase enterprise competitive power, Integrated Automation System (IAS) should be applied. On the basis of the architecture of process industry IAS, according to the production procedure of Handan Iron & Steel Corporation, combining the famous Handan Iron & Steel Group experiences with the 3-layer structure, the Integrated Automation System with financial management system at its center and cost control as the main line is designed. Since it has been applied in Handan Iron & Steel Corporation. Remarkable practice benefits were achieved.


This paper presents Voyster, an experimental system that combines citation chain aggregation (CCA) and spatial-semantic maps to support citation search. CCA uses a three-list view to represent the citation network surrounding a 'pearl' of known relevant articles, whereby cited and citing articles are ranked according to number of pearl relations. As the pearl grows, this overlap score provides an effective proxy for relevance. However, when the pearl is small or multi-faceted overlap ranking provides poor discrimination. To address this problem we augment the lists with a visual map, wherein articles are organized according to their content similarity. We demonstrate how the article map can help the user to make relevant choices during the early stages of the search process and also provide useful insights into the thematic structure of the local cita-


Three deterioration factors of fire resistant hydraulic oil,temperature,water content and metal impurity were studied.According to orthogonal experiment,it was concluded that water content is the key deterioration factor for ZR 881 type made in China, while temperature is the key deterioration factor to Fyrquel EHC made in U. S. A.This result is very useful to prevent fire resistant hydraulic oil from deterioration in spots.


Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of smartphone funduscopy in diagnosing and staging Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in diabetics attending Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Design: Analytical, hospital based cross sectional study. Setting: Diabetic clinic of MRRH, Mbarara. Participants: Diabetic patients (n=207) ≥ 18 years were recruited from the diabetic clinic of MRRH. Measures: Sensitivity and specificity of smartphone photographs was analysed using indirect ophthalmoscopy as the gold standard. Results: Sensitivity of smartphone in diagnosing DR was 70% and specificity 94%. The sensitivity and specificity of the smartphone in grading proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 100% and 99.4%. For macular edema,sensitivity was 38.5% and specificity 97.9%. Kappa agreement was 0.86 in diagnosing DR and 0.84 in grading diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of DR was 13.5%. Conclusion: The study found that the sensitivity of the smartphone in diagnosing diabetic retinopathy was only 70%. Hence we do not recommend this device to be used in the screening of patients with diabetes.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: first vibration data are collected from the first sensor associated with the process control device during calibration; the operating threshold of the control device is calculated based on the first vibration data; the operation data regarding the control device are collected. The operation data indicate the resource associated with the control device. The operational threshold is updated, based on the specified operation data. The updated operational threshold indicates a reduced remaining resource associated with the control device. The second vibration data from the first sensor are collected after the vibration monitoring circuit is calibrated and the state of the process control device is determined if the second vibration data exceed the updated operational threshold. EFFECT: performance of the control device is improved. 23 cl, 7 dwg


Abstract Aircraft piracy offenses are offenses that endanger the security penerbangan. Bandar Minangkabau International Airport plays an important role in the prevention of the crime of aircraft hijacking . The formulation of the problem raised is how the arrangement of international airport security systems and aircraft piracy offenses in International and National ? and how the implementation of international airport security systems in order to prevent the crime of aircraft hijacking in BIM ? . This thesis uses methods of sociological laws are based on primary and secondary data sources were processed qualitatively . Of the thesis is concluded that the setting Security Systems International Airport and the National internationally regulated , among others : Annex 17 of the International Civil Aviation Organization , Security , Document 9246 ATS Planning Manual of Security and Facility Security Personnel , Law No. 1 of 2009 on the flight , Prime Minister of Transportation Regulation Number 31 Year 2013 on National Aviation Security Programme . Internationally , the criminal act is governed by three airlines , namely the International Convention on the Tokyo Convention (1963 ) , Hague Covention (1970 ) , and the Montreal Convention (1971 ) . With the ratification of the three conventions through Law No. 2 of 1976, the Indonesian government issued Law No. 4 of 1976 on the Amendment and the addition of several articles in the Criminal Code of Crimes and Crimes Against Flight Facilities / Infrastructure Flight . In the prevention of the crime of hijacking aircraft , BIM Security Officers conduct an examination of all persons and goods , especially the passengers , baggage , object carried in the hand , mail , cargo before it is loaded into the aircraft . This is to prevent the entry of dangerous goods (dangerous goods) illegally to the aircraft which can lead to a crime of Aircraft hijacking. Keywords : security system , Prevention , Piracy , airport . Daftar Pustaka Buku-buku Achmad Moegandi, Mengenal Dunia Penerbangan Sipil, Sinar Harapan, Jakarta,1996. Boer Mauna, Hukum Internasional (Pengertian, Peranan dan Fungsi Dalam Era Dinamika Global), Alumni, Bandung. 2000. Djoko Prakoso, Tindak Pidana Penerbangan di Indonesia, Ghalia Indonesia. Jakarta, 1984. E Suherman, Hukum Udara Indonesia dan Internasional, Alumni, Bandung. 1983. I Wayan Parthiana, Pengantar Hukum Internasional, Mandar Maju, Bandung. 1990. Martono, Pengantar Hukum Udara Nasional dan Internasional, Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta 2012. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dan Etty R. Agoes, Pengantar Hukum Internasional. Alumni, Bandung. 2003. Moeljatno, Asas-asas Hukum Pidana, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta. 1993. Priyatna Abdurrasyid, Kedaulatan Negara di Ruang Udara, Pusat Penelitian Hukum Angkasa (Air & Space Law Research Centre), Jakarta. 1972. Soejono Soekanto, Pengantar Penelitian Hukum, Universitas Indonesia Press. Jakarta. 1986. Sudradjat M Bassar, Tindak-tindak Pidana Tertentu di Dalam Kitab Undang- undang Hukum Pidana, Remadja Karya, Bandung. 1984. Zainal Abidin A Farid, Hukum Pidana 1, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta. 1995.


e19062 Background: Emerging data suggest real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tumor profiling can predict the primary site in CUP. We report on CUP patients (pts) predicted to have NSCLC by RT-PCR, in whom detection of ALK rearrangements provided further diagnostic support. Methods: 4 pts were diagnosed with CUP based on standard clinical, radiographic, pathologic evaluation with immunohistochemistry (IHC), and bronchoscopy/endoscopy where indicated. All pts had a RT-PCR assay (CancerTYPE ID, bioTheranostics, Inc.) performed on tumor specimens for the purpose of predicting a primary site. Tissue was also tested for ALK by FISH using a break-apart probe. Results: Pt characteristics are shown (Table). RT-PCR results prompted ALK testing in Pts 2 and 3. ALK testing and RT-PCR testing were performed concurrently in Pts 1 and 4. Each specimen was diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma (AC) by RT-PCR gene profiling, and also tested positive for an EML4-ALKrearrangement. All pts are being...


Two high-volatile bituminous Upper Carboniferous coals from the Argonne Premium Coal Set
and their constituting liptinite, vitrinite, and inertinite fractions, obtained by density gradient
centrifugation (DGC), were characterized by Curie point pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry. A detailed analysis of the pyrolysis products was performed to relate individual
macerals to their (plant-derived) precursors. Liptinite fractions were found to be mainly composed
of sporinite, the diagenetic product of sporopollenin. Its aliphatic character was reflected in its
pyrolysate by the abundance and characteristic distribution of n-alk-1-enes and n-alkanes showing
maxima at C₁₁ and C₂₅. Moreover, a selective enrichment of aromatic components derived from
linear carbon skeletons via cyclization and aromatization of functionalized, linear precursors was
observed. In the sulfur-rich Illinois No. 6 coal, the addition of abiotic inorganic sulfur species to
functional groups was reflected by a selective enrichment of organic sulfur compounds in the
liptinite maceral. Diagenetically altered lignin derived from gymnospermous wood is the most
likely precursor for vitrinite, the major constituent of both coals. Flash pyrolysates of vitrinite
fractions were dominated by alkylbenzenes and alkylphenols. Inertinite fractions exhibited
relatively high amounts of (po1y)aromatic pyrolysis products. Thermal extraction experiments
revealed that these components were mainly present as such adsorbed to or entrapped in the
pore system of the maceral matrix.


: This study aimed to identify the impact of Social Media websites in shaping the system of Islamic values for the students with learning disabilities in Jordan, the researchers adopted the views of learning disabilities students' at grades (fourth, fifth, and sixth) at Amman First Directorate of Education, who are enlisted in the resources' rooms during the second semester for the academic year (2014-2015), (384) male and female student, stratified random sample were chosen, the researchers used the descriptive method, in order to achieve the objectives of the study data were chosen by distributing a questionnaire on the students to cover all the objectives of the study, fifth-Likert scale has been adopted, which consisted of (very high, high, moderate, low, very low), the questionnaire consisted of (145) items, instrument reliability was verified by presenting it to a group of arbitrators in order to measure the impact of Social Media websites in shaping the system of Islamic values for the students with learning disabilities in Jordan.


SUMMARY Recent topics in the development of micromagneticactuators in Japan are reviewed. Electromagneticmicroactuators less than 1 mm in diameter, e.g.micromotor, and microvalves have been fabricated andtheir high performance has been demonstrated. A newtype microactuator based upon magnetostriction has alsobeen developed and has shown a large cantileverdeflection. In addition, some models of the microrobotsusing micromagnetic actuators were able to move using awireless remote power supply.


Background HIV prevalence is decreasing in large parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but the impact of this decline on the geographical heterogeneity of HIV infectious burden is not well understood. We explored and described aspects of the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the epidemic in three countries in SSA. Methods Data were obtained from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted at different times in Malawi, Tanzania, and Kenya. We identified and compared spatial clusters with high numbers of HIV infections at two different times from each country using Kulldorff spatial scan test. The test locates areas with higher numbers of HIV infections than expected under spatial randomness. For each identified cluster, a likelihood ratio test was computed. A P-value was then determined through Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the statistical significance of each cluster. Results The table summarises the main results. We found no evidence of decline in HIV prevalence within clusters with high HIV prevalence despite the statistically significant decline in the national HIV prevalence in Malawi and Tanzania. National HIV prevalence decreased by 19% in Malawi, and 17% in Tanzania; meanwhile, HIV prevalence in areas outside of the clusters declined by 33% and 30%, respectively. There was no statistically significant decline in the national HIV prevalence in Kenya, but HIV prevalence within clusters increased by 27%. Conclusions We found marked spatial variability in the decline of HIV prevalence in the three studied SSA countries. Even in the presence of declining national HIV prevalence, HIV prevalence in the high HIV prevalence clusters either did not decline or even increased. Most of the gains in reducing HIV disease burden did not occur in the areas of most intense HIV transmission, but in areas outside of the clusters. Our findings provide insights for resource allocation and HIV prevention interventions in these countries. Abstract P3.208 Table 1 Country Survey 1 (2003–2004)HIV prevalence (%) Survey 2 (2009–2010)HIV prevalence (%) P value Malawi National 12.52 10.13 < 0.001 Within clusters 15.32 14.83 0.59 Outside clusters 10.35 6.97 < 0.001 Tanzania National 6.50 5.38 < 0.001 Within clusters 9.85 9.34 0.49 Outside clusters 5.13 3.61 < 0.001 Kenya National 6.59 6.30 0.62 Within clusters 10.77 13.72 0.01 Outside clusters 5.37 4.66 0.11


Small-sized trail is conducted to evaluate the effects of acetochlor and oxyfluorfen 40% EC on weed control,yield potential and production safety in peanut field.The results show that acetochlor and oxyfluorfen 40% EC has good effect in peanut field on weeds control including species Digitaria sanguinalis,Eleusine indica,Amaranthus retroflexus,Portulaca oleracea,and so on with a dosage of 660~720g a.i./hm2.The weight control effect is over 90% after freatment for 40 days,which can be safe to peanut growth.


The article is devoted to the determining of the notion "language of science". The author of the article doesn't agree with a "linguistic" approach to the interpretation of this notion, which is based on the attempt to present a language of science as a part of ethnic language.


Abstract A theoretical treatment for calculating the heats of formation of binary alloys for any composition is put forward. The model is based upon the assumption that the free electrons in a binary alloy exist in two sets of energy levels associated with the potential fields of the ions of the two elements in the alloy. This assumption is a natural consequence of neglecting the changes in the Wigner-Seitz boundary conditions, imposed upon the electrons in the pure elements, when the atoms are randomly mixed in an alloy. Fair agreement between calculated and experimental heats of formation is obtained for many systems, in which the two elements composing a given system are not too far removed from one another in the periodic classification of the elements.


Casino gambling is legal in Nevada and Atlantic City, New Jersey. Should other states follow their example? States seem to express slight moral concern about legalizing gambling, as witness the proliferation of lotteries and legal betting on horse races. Casino gambling is scarcely less moral than lotteries and horse racing, but it does have distinctive problems, notably a history of organized crime involvement and general shadiness. Neither Nevada nor Atlantic City offers a desirable model for other states considering legalization. Nevada's economy is thoroughly dependent upon the casino gambling industry, which dominates politics at every level. Atlantic City has enjoyed considerable prosperity as a result of casino legalization, but it has also experienced major problems, such as increased crime, higher housing costs, few jobs to local residents, and displacement of the elderly and poor. States considering legalization should not adopt Nevada's, New Jersey's, or England's qualification models. Instead, states should consider a resort-merit approach limiting number and location of casinos. Casino applicants would be selected on merit, after submitting proposals that include substantial information on corporate background and social and economic impact.


The major purpose of this study was to find out why learners in secondary schools established
after the attainment of independence perform poorly when compared to those in secondary
schools established prior to the attainment of independence. Of concern were the schools in the
high density areas of Harare including Chitungwiza. O' level examination results for the period
between the year 2005 and 2010 were used as the basis of the research. These were obtained
from the records kept at the Harare Provincial Offices of the Ministry of Education, Sports and
Culture. The research paradigm was quantitative and the design was a survey carried out in nine
schools established prior to attainment of independence and ten schools established after
attainment of independence. The major research instruments were questionnaires which the
researcher administered in person. This was done after a pilot study had been carried out in two
trust schools to test the reliability of the questionnaires. After administering questionnaires and
collecting data analysis was done with the application of the Statistical package for Social
Sciences. Presentation of data was done in the form of tables, graphs and pie charts. The major
issues that arose from the study were that schools established prior to independence enroll into
Form 1 learners who have the best results at Grade 7 who they stream according to ability while
schools established after attainment of independence enroll last and get those learners with poor
results at Grade 7 so they have average and slow learners and this has an impact on O' level
results; The teachers in schools established after attainment of independence perceive their pupils
as 'residue' or 'chaff' left over by the schools established prior to independence and this
negatively impacts on the performance of both the learners and the teachers; most schools
established prior to independence are well equipped with such infrastructure as libraries and
laboratories while most of those established after do not have; Schools established prior to
attainment of independence enjoy more autonomy than schools established after attainment of
independence; There are more experienced teachers in schools established before attainment of
independence than there are in schools established after the attainment of independence. These
are the major causes of the discrepancy in terms of performance, attainment and achievement at
O' level. The researcher recommended that the ministry responsible for education in secondary
schools, responsible authorities and parents within the vicinity of secondary schools, responsible
authorities and parents within the vicinity of secondary schools established after attainment of
independence should make some effort to complete the construction of these schools. The
completion of these schools will ensure that there are libraries and laboratories which will
enhance learner academic performance, attainment and achievement. The researcher also
recommended analysis of performance, attainment and achievement. The researcher also
recommended analysis of performance, attainment and schools to establish whether or not they
produce the required results at Grade 7 to feed into the secondary school system.


Wild caught Nephrops larvae were maintained in aquaria for as long as possible. in 1969, 1970 and 1971 together with a few which were hatched in the laboratory in 1971. Experiments were conducted at temperature ranges of 16°0 to 22°C and 11°C to 13 °C; the latter range is close to the ambient temperature of larvae in the sea. Direct observations, were obtained of the duration of all stages from first larval to third post larval (six successive stages in all), though percentage survival rates were rather low in some groups.


Provided is an addition type silicone adhesive composition, which realizes adhesion in a shorter time as compared to conventional adhesives, and undergoes little discoloration upon the exposure to high temperature for a long period of time. The addition type silicone adhesive composition comprises: (A) 100 parts by weight of an organopolysiloxane containing at least two alkenyl groups bound to Si per molecule; (B) an organohydrogen polysiloxane containing at least two hydrogen atoms bound to Si per molecule, used in such amount that 0.1-5.0 moles of hydrogen exist per mole of the alkenyl group of the organopolysiloxane(A); (C) a catalytically effective amount of a hydrosilation catalyst; (D) 0.0001-10 parts by weight of a (meth)acryloxyalkyl-modified organopolysiloxane having a viscosity of 5-10,000 mPaAs at 25 deg.C and a linear or cyclic organopolysiloxane structure; and (E) a zirconium compound.


The subject of this research is determination of the peculiarities of running as a type of activity in the sociocultural situation of the Renaissance and the Modern Age of the Old and New World. The relevance of studying the socially important aspects of running in everyday life and festive, carnival culture of the XV – XIX centuries is substantiated by the fact that namely this period marks the onset of mental requests and revival of physical practices, which in 1896 would become the heart of the First Olympic Games, the beginning and culmination of which were the athletic competitions. The ancient ideal of kalokagathia at this time is instilled with the ideas of self-sufficiency and self-projectivity of a person, whose creative aspirations equally captivate the spirit and the body. Running develops physical and mental qualities that broaden human capabilities, being that instrument for existential growth through overcoming the boundaries of physical and spiritual "normality", conditioned by the stereotypes and norms of everyday life. The author views running from the perspective of culturological concepts of "everyday life", "festivity", "carnival", as well as the binary opposition sacred/profane. The fields of application of the acquired results include social philosophy, philosophical anthropology, and philosophy of sports. The novelty of this research consists in the interpretation of endurance running as an existential measurement of everyday life, the method of communication between different types of communities and population groups, and formation of the prototype of a "cultural body" of that time. Running is examined as a type of activity that is characteristic mostly to the lower, marginal social classes. Participation in the city festival in the format of a "carnival" running was a way to integrate into society, a manifestation of collective solidarity. Their buffoonery running distracted the audience from the everyday routine, becoming its counterpoint. The author also determines the contribution of the upper social classes to the development of running practices d: economic (funding of professional runners and material reward for the non-professional winners of the city festivals); practical (amateur running or other athletic practices as a component of a gentleman's everyday life); ideological (Renaissance humanists assumed that physical activity is a non-religious way to overcome time through maintaining physical well-being).


The preparing methods, choice of catalysts and reaction kinetics of one of the monomers, diesteramide(DEA), of polyester-amides were investigated in details. The chemical structure of DEA was analyzed. And the Polyester-amides (PEA) were obtained by melt copolymerization with DEA. It is shown that DEA can be synthesized by DMT and hexamethylene diamine with the catalyst EX - 1 or EX - 2. The relationship between reaction rate of synthesizing monomer and concentration of hexamethylene diamine is first order kinetic relation.


A high sensitivity signal conditioning interface for capacitive touch key is presented. Using a programmable gain amplifier, the negative feedback loop architecture with ΔΣ modulation achieves high sensitivity and robustness. Additionally, an alternative capacitance sensing method is proposed to enhance the power supply rejection ratio and reduce the bill of material cost. A prototype that was fabricated using 0.18 μm CMOS technology is verified experimentally using a capacitive touch key system. The measured peak signal-to-noise ratio of the ΔΣ modulator is 98 dB at a 4 kHz data rate.


Summary of Studies in the Current Supplement That Assess Health Impact, Indirect Benefits, or StrainChanges After Rotavirus Vaccination Location (Ref) Vaccine Key Findings InterpretationHealth impactEl Salvador(15)RV1 35%–48% decline in all cause diarrhea events(outpatient and inpatient) and 69%–81%decline in rotavirus hospitalizations amongchildren 5 yearsThe consistency of the findings across regions, predominantlyduring seasons when rotavirus predominates, withincreasing effect among children in ages with the highestvaccination rates strongly supports vaccination as theMexico (17) RV1 11%–40% reduction in all cause diarrhea primary cause of the observed declines in diarrheahospitalizations among children 5Panama (18) RV1 22%–37% reduction in all cause diarrheahospitalizations among children 5The sustained declines in disease for 2–3 year aftervaccination indicates that duration of protection in thesesettings was sufficient to impact the youngest childrenwho bear the greatest burden of severe rotavirus diarrheBelgium (20) RV1 65%–83% reduction in rotavirushospitalizationsAustralia (21) RV1 & RV5 89%–94% vaccine efficacy against rotavirushospitalizations among children 5; 68%–93% reduction in under-1 rotavirus admitsLarge declines in all-cause diarrhea hospitalizations indicatethat rotavirus may be a more important cause of childhooddiarrhea than previously estimatedUnited States(19)RV5* No rotavirus epidemic occurred in January–June 2010, the first time in 19 years of USsurveillance within this systemIndirect benefitsEl Salvador(15)RV1 41%–68% decline during 2008 in childrenolder than 2 yr who were unvaccinatedIndirect benefits of vaccination in the early (1–2) years aftervaccination suggests that young infants may be theprimary drivers of epidemic spread (at least in middle andhigh income settings)United States(23)RV5* 42%–45% reduction among children tooyoung or old to be vaccinatedAustralia (21) RV1 & RV5 50% reduction in rotavirus hospitalizationsamong children older than 2 years who wereunvaccinatedIn poorer countries such as El Salvador, the total protectionat a population level as a result of indirect benefits ofvaccination has the potential to offset the lower efficacydirectly afforded to the vaccineStrain monitoringBrazil (45) RV1 Increase in G2P 4 for 2 year after vaccination Epidemiologic assessments, such as case-control vaccineeffectiveness, and robust longitudinal surveillance areneeded to best assess interaction between rotavirusvaccination and strain ecologyAustralia (47) RV1 & RV5 G1P 8 was the predominant strain nationally,however, some transient increase in G2P 4and G3P 8 prevalence occurred in Rotarixand RotaTeq states, respectivelyExisting strain surveillance data, vaccine effectivenessresults, and the dramatic declines in disease burden incountries with rotavirus vaccination support naturalvariation in strain ecology as the likely explanation for thereported observations in short-term changes in strainsafter vaccinationUnited States(46)RV5* Higher prevalence of G3P 8 in some US citiesafter rotavirus vaccinationOngoing disease and strain surveillance is needed to assesslonger term evolution in stain ecology and potential impacton disease burden


Bilingual education is an important teaching reform in universities. Since 2006,our college has enacted the attempt for bilingual teaching of pathology,and accumulated abundant experiences during the conducting of the bilingual teaching of pathology.


Abstract Studies have shown that teacher quality is the single greatest factor affecting student achievement. However, it is not simply enough to recruit highly qualified candidates and place them into the schools where they are needed the most; the United States needs a system to support and retain these teachers. This essay posits that school districts need to implement and sustain a comprehensive induction system, which fosters professional learning communities through a network of supports, to retain highly qualified teachers.


Abstract : The publication is intended to be the preliminary edition of a definitive catalog of the tsunamis of the Pacific Ocean. Included also are tsunamis in seas that are adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. (Author)


Divided into two parts, this book covers the essential principles and techniques of tourism planning, showing how successful they can be if managed properly. Part 1 concerns methodologies and includes discussions on: policy implications; sustainability; economic and cultural considerations; implementation and control; monitoring; and market planning. Part 2 presents case studies, including: tourism planning in Malta; tourism policies in Zanzibar; economic development in Tibet; manpower in Oman; resorts in Mexico; marketing in Uganda; and community tourism in Sri Lanka. With checklists and project outlines, the guide offers an all-round resource for students and practitioners alike.


The distribution situation of chironomid and its larvae in water purification structures as well as the relationship of chironomid breeding with water quality and weather in waterworks using ozone/activated carbon filter processes were introduced.The methods on how to effectively prevent chironomid and its larvae in daily management of the water purification structures and during the production process as well as the experiences in ensuring of quality safety of finished water were summarized.


The present work was conducted to determine the effects of clove oil as an anesthetic on postlarvae (mean length 13.42±0.84 mm) and juveniles (43.57±0.94 mm) of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In the first of three experiments, exposure to ethanol for 15 min was ineffective in tranquilizing the freshwater prawns at concentrations of 75-625 mg/l for postlarvae and 375-5,000 mg/l for juveniles, indicating that ethanol could be used as a solvent for clove oil without contributing to any anesthetic reaction. In the second experiment, prawns were exposed to one of six clove oil concentrations for 15 min (15-125 mg/l for postlarvae; 751,000 mg/l for juveniles). For postlarvae, the fastest induction (0.90±0.05 min) was achieved at the highest concentration (125 mg/l) but all prawns in this treatment died. Induction and recovery times in concentrations of 30, 45, and 60 mg/l were all under 15 min. At 75 mg/l, postlarvae were tranquilized in a relatively short period (3.30±0.10 min) and recovery time was maximum (45.17±0.20 min). For juvenile prawns, concentrations of 750 mg/l and up were fatal while 125 and 250 mg/l induced anesthesia in 78.30±0.20 and 66.83±0.18 min, respectively, with recovery in 4.21±0.12 and 16.91±0.16 min. As far as induction and recovery times are concerned, clove oil was a suitable anesthetic only for postlarvae. The third experiment revealed that a concentration of 15 mg/l could safely be used to transport postlarvae up to three hours.