This essay argues that the fundamentally rhetorical nature of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century aria was embodied in the figure of the castrato, who delivered an idealized form of Ciceronian oratory designed to move audiences using the precepts of invenzione, variazione, and decoro.  As singers, courtiers, and teachers, castrati were exemplary orators, schooled in oratorical ideals and inculcated in oratorical modes of musical persuasion. Yet they were also precariously positioned. While oratorical brilliance was demanded of them in a form we might conceive as musical ornatus, often manifested in exceptionally elaborate figuration and ornamentation (notably in the arias of Farinelli), such flights of ornatus also provoked recurrent criticism as breaches of the oratorical principle of decorum, especially toward the later eighteenth century.


Simple Summary Lymphangiogenesis is the formation of new lymphatic vessels in physiological conditions but has also been found to be associated with pathologies. For example, it has been proven to be involved in cancer progression and metastatic dissemination through the body. Thus, it became a key element to study in the management of this widespread disease. To date, the study of lymphangiogenesis takes place at the biological (in vitro and in vivo) and computational (in silico) levels. The association of these complementary fields combined with imaging techniques constitutes a real toolbox in pathological lymphangiogenesis understanding. Abstract Lymphangiogenesis (LA) is the formation of new lymphatic vessels by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) sprouting from pre-existing lymphatic vessels. It is increasingly recognized as being involved in many diseases, such as in cancer and secondary lymphedema, which most often results from cancer treatments. For some cancers, excessive LA is associated with cancer progression and metastatic dissemination to the lymph nodes (LNs) through lymphatic vessels. The study of LA through in vitro, in vivo, and, more recently, in silico models is of paramount importance in providing novel insights and identifying the key molecular actors in the biological dysregulation of this process under pathological conditions. In this review, the different biological (in vitro and in vivo) models of LA, especially in a cancer context, are explained and discussed, highlighting their principal modeled features as well as their advantages and drawbacks. Imaging techniques of the lymphatics, complementary or even essential to in vivo models, are also clarified and allow the establishment of the link with computational approaches. In silico models are introduced, theoretically described, and illustrated with examples specific to the lymphatic system and the LA. Together, these models constitute a toolbox allowing the LA research to be brought to the next level.


An avian
 egg is an enclosed cell, which matures outside of the maternal organism.
 Without the addition of external substances, protected only by a hard shell
 and supported by the needed exchange of gases, thermal energy, and occasional
 turns, a new animal, the chick, develops. In the course of incubation, both qualitative
 and quantitative changes must take place in the yolk, its major fractions,
 the individual proteins, and albumen in order to create this new life.
 Although many biological and chemical mechanisms proceeding during incubation
 have been elucidated, the early phase of embryonic development is still
 poorly understood in regard to protein changes on a molecular level in the
 remaining egg yolk.
 The aim
 of the present study was to evaluate for the first time the ongoing
 incubation-induced changes in egg yolk, its three major fractions, the
 associated proteins and albumen during the early phase of avian embryonic
 development. In this context it should be emphasized that this study was
 concerned with protein changes on a molecular level rather than with embryogenesis
 itself.
 The incubation-induced alterations in
 the protein secondary structures of egg yolk and its major fractions
 (granules, plasma, and LDL) were monitored using the FTIR-technique, the
 IEF-method and HPLC-measurements. In this regard, two factors potentially
 connected with egg yolk protein secondary structure changes were evaluated.
 Firstly, the pH value of incubated
 egg yolk from fertilized eggs was determined during eight-day incubation and
 compared to the pH value of
 incubated egg yolk from non-fertilized eggs, which were incubated
 identically. Secondly, the effect of an iron-release from phosvitin,
 an important egg yolk protein, which is assumed to play a considerable role
 in hematopoiesis during early embryogenesis as the iron (Fe3+)
 carrier of egg yolk, was explored. Subsequently egg yolk, its major fractions
 and albumen were examined via FTIR measurements. Confirming the FTIR results,
 the incubated egg yolk samples were analyzed by IEF and the results of the
 albumen samples were surveyed by HPLC. However, neither the significant
 increase in pH value (6.07 to 6.92)
 of egg yolk during incubation of fertilized eggs, nor the significant release
 of iron from phosvitin
 (1.98 ± 0.06 µg/mg to 0.11 ± 0.03 µg/mg) were
 found to be directly related to the changes in protein secondary structure in
 egg yolk and its fractions. FTIR showed that the protein conformation in
 whole egg yolk, granules, LDL and albumen was stable during incubation, but
 separate evaluation of the plasma fraction revealed significant changes in
 secondary structure on days 3 and 4 of incubation. However, it is unlikely
 that these changes were provoked by structure changes of the proteins
 originally present in plasma. Instead, the physiological influx of albumen
 into the yolk sac was expected to play an important role in the protein
 modifications of egg yolk. These modifications, as was shown by FTIR, could
 be confirmed by IEF of the water-soluble egg yolk proteins and selected
 albumen proteins (ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, and
 lysozyme). No extra bands were identified during incubation to indicate the
 emergence of new proteins. Supportingly, the HPLC
 measurements of the albumen samples showed no emergence of new peaks in the
 chromatograms in the course of incubation. The albumen proteins ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, and lysozyme only modified with respect
 to their contents in the samples.
 To
 provide a complete picture of the protein secondary structure of egg yolk for
 the first time, FTIR was used to determine the naturally occurring proportions
 (%) of the secondary structure elements in egg yolk and its three fractions
 on day 0 of incubation. The granules fraction mainly consisted of a mixture
 of inter- and intramolecular β-sheets (57.0% ± 0.4%), lower proportions of
 α-helical/unordered structures as well as β-turns and β-sheets
 in the range of higher wavenumbers. The plasma fraction was found to consist
 mainly of α-helices
 (43.2% ± 0.3%), as well as similarly portions of intermolecular β-sheets and β-turns. In
 contrast, the LDL fraction was composed almost exclusively of intramolecular β-sheets (67.4% ± 0.6%).
 Although this fraction accounts for the better part of the plasma fraction
 (85-90%), it did not show any α-helical portions. On the other hand,
 whole egg yolk was mainly composed of intermolecular β-sheets (39.8% ± 0.5%), potentially indicating molecular interchanges between
 the individual fractions. Furthermore, α-helical/unordered structures as
 well as β-turns could be detected in these samples.
 In the
 course of this study, it could be shown for the first time that the protein
 secondary structure of native LDL markedly differed from the structure, which
 was found in the freeze-dried, reconstituted LDL samples. While the native
 LDL samples were primarily composed of intramolecular β-sheet
 structures, these shares disappeared almost completely in favor of
 α-helical structures in the treated LDL samples. In the meantime, the
 samples pass through different stages, which manifest themselves in
 intermediate shapes of the native and freeze-dried LDL spectra. However, the
 reason for the conformational changes of the LDL samples during the thermal
 treatment has not yet been fully elucidated. Based on the results obtained,
 it is assumed that the changes could be related to the gel formation occurring
 in egg yolk during freezing and thawing. This is indicated by the striking
 changes in the secondary structure from the native LDL samples towards the
 freeze-dried, reconstituted state of the samples. In this context it would be
 of further interest to examine, whether the eventually remaining
 water-soluble proteins of the egg yolk plasma fraction also play a role, by a
 molecular exchange with the proteins of LDL, during the preceding structural
 changes caused by the freeze-drying process.
 In the
 present study it could be shown that FTIR measurement is a useful tool for
 examining alterations in the secondary structure of complex protein
 compositions. Furthermore, the IEF technique was considered as a meaningful
 concomitant method to support the results obtained by FTIR measurements. The
 findings provide, for
 the first time, a complete picture of the protein secondary structure of egg
 yolk, its three major fraction and albumen. Furthermore the results give insight into the changes in
 egg yolk and albumen proteins of fertilized eggs during embryogenesis and
 provide better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of protein
 modification in the embryo development process.


Since the paper of Given & Leckie (Libr. Infor. Sci. Res. 2003) about the use of ethnographic methods in libraries to define how students make use of their (!) spaces in libraries, few experiences have been published in Europe. A contact with a Canadian team having applied this kind of end‐user survey to map the social activities in libraries (9th Northumbria Conf., May & Swabey 2011) was our starting point to experiment the "sweeping" method of analysis in the Library of science and technology (UCL). As a relocation project of our old library of the seventies has been planned into a new building for 2015, the survey was also an opportunity to rethink the spaces and the services of our library. What are the habits and the activities of our users, mainly digital natives? What is their use of the spaces? What are they doing with our reading tablets available? And when and how? The responses given by the survey will improve our efficiency to plan changes, to argument our discussions with architects, to select furniture and equipments and, why not, to invent new services. Our methodology to "sweeping the seats" consists to realise a 30' tour of the library and to record for each user his profile (student, staff …), his location (rooms for groups, reading table, information desk …) and his activity (studying alone or working in groups, with or without our books! browsing the web, with or without Facebook! eating or sleeping …). The survey is conducted by a young and discreet librarian who records this information on a check‐list with 10 different spaces and 25 different activities. The project, conducted between September 2011 and June 2012, consist to repeat this short 30' survey at 60representative moments of the academic calendar. After 5 months and 1.295 records, the trends reflected for the period are already significant: 28% of users are studying alone without our books, only 5% are not students, 22% are in small rooms for groups, 18% are on the Web but not in the library databases, etc. The communication at the 2012 Liber Conference will present the methods and check‐lists, the final results, the statistical analysis and, of course, the lessons learned from this survey in parallel to our LibQUAL+ results.


Abstract The first case of pneumonia of unknown origin was identified in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei Province situated in the Republic of China. The pathogenic organism that has been identified as a causative organism is a novel enveloped RNA betacoronavirus, which has been designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus has been found to have a similar phylogeny to SARS-CoV. The novel coronavirus or COVID-19 can be symptomized through clinical manifestations like pyrexia or fever, cough, dyspnea/difficulty in breathing, myalgia/muscle pain, and constant fatigue. COVID-19 can be transmitted through respiratory tract secretions. It mainly results in respiratory tract infections and the development of severe pneumonia in infected patients. Severe disease may ultimately cause death due to progressive respiratory failure. The coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 has been declared a public health emergency of international proportions by the World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, an analysis of cases might help in the identification of the disease's defining clinical characteristics, association with underlying lifestyle habits, and disease severity. This present article studied the probability of smoking and alcohol consumption in increasing the risk involved in increasing the severity of COVID-19 infection among affected subjects.


Conventional PCA usually uses total scatter matrix as a generation matrix, and two dimension image matrices must be
transformed into vectors. In this paper, the between-class matrix generated by original image and its eigenvectors were
used to feature extracting. First we compressed the image in horizon direction using 2DPCA, then we compressed the
feature matrix in vertical direction. Thus, the dimension of features is lesser and the speed of classification is faster. At
the same time the category information is fully used and the recognition rate are improved.


In view of the combination forcasting problem that the actual value sequence and the predicted value sequence are intervals,This article establishs the optimal combination forecasting model of variable weight coefficient based on induced ordered weighted harmonic averaging(IOWHA)operator,taking the left and right point interval number as two independent time series,and regarding the maximum of the correlation coefficient of the interval number reciprocal deviation around the endpoint as the criterion,and then we turn multi-objective optimization model into a single objective optimization model through the introduction of preference coefficient,and try to give the properties of optimal solutions.Finally,we compare it with other single prediction method or combination forecast method by the literature data,which shows that this method can indeed improve the interval prediction accuracy.


Viscosity effect through high pressure on the fast bimolecular reaction involved in the photochemical processes in solution has been reviewed; the systems selected in this article are (1) excimer and exciplex formation reactions, (2) cycloaddition reactions between singlet oxygen and furans, and (3) singlet and triplet quenching by molecular oxygen of anthracene derivatives. For these systems, the contribution by diffusion to the reactions is described.


The author, who has spent more than 30 years consulting to leading corporations in the United States and abroad, sets forth his views on the ingredients of successful business management from the viewpoint that these must be recognized, desired, and strived for if they are to be achieved. As he indicates in the preface, this book is not concerned with new knowledge. In good consulting style, however, it is a comprehensive, well-organized discussion of classical and current concepts submitted as the key elements to successful management programs. The author dwells mainly on fundaments, and he analyzes these for their substance and structure, although not from a theoretical viewpoint. The first third of the book stresses the need to develop a company philosophy and a strategic plan. He summarizes company philosophy as "the way we do things around here." This chapter is concluded with a discussion that management must also have a sense of competitive urgency. Here the mettle of successful top management is described. Although Mr. Bower ventures to play the game of semantic differentiation between goals and objectives, he points out the more important need for plans that have strategic significance rather than just long-range (long time period) scope. He divides strategic thinking and planning into user strategy, profit strategy, and executive manpower strategy.


BS 8102:2009 (1) came into effect in November, replacing the 1990 version. Among other things, the Standard highlights the need to involve all relevant parties in the design process, which includes selection of the most appropriate and robust waterproofing system, not just 'what we've always used'.


'High Technology' firms constitute a significant growth sector in the UK. Such firms are often assumed to be non-union, with a paternalist style of management, providing a striking contrast to traditional industrial relations practices. Here the author assesses the current evidence.


Malfunctions occur in hydraulic power plant auxiliary systems when the piping network is changed as a node or sub network is closed. Conventional analytical methods can not simulate such changes. This article presents an analytical model including the impedance and compressibility of the liquid. The model uses the compressibility node method which is based on the conventional node method. Simulated calculation has proved that the method in the paper could simulate real function changes. Two numerical examples show that the method is not only accurate, but also easy to develop an automatic piping network program.


We share the idea that there is a strong rationale tothink that nutritional support may have a beneficialeffect in patients with cirrhosis and we agree that ourdata must be confirmed by other studies, but we thinkthat there is no place for this treatment in advanced cir-rhosis. These data have been confirmed by a recentmeta-analysis.


Using the CNDO/2 method, models for dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols on oxides of some metals have been calculated. The relative changes of bond strength and of atom charges in 2-propanol on interaction with atoms of Be, Mg, Al, Si, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni were satisfactorily correlated with relative activities of these oxides published in the literature. Similar agreement was obtained for the series 2-propanol, 2-butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol and 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol on C r 2 0 3 .


We describe a visual method—stress band plots—for displaying the stress solution within a two‐dimensional finite element mesh. The stress band plots differ from conventional stress contour plots because stress band plots display unaveraged stresses (the stresses are computed directly from the solution variables) and stress discontinuities in the finite element solution are directly displayed. Stress band plots are useful in judging the accuracy of a finite element solution, in the comparison of different finite element solutions and during mesh refinement. These uses are demonstrated in an axisymmetric pressure vessel analysis.


We analyze the method of solving the separable convex continuous quadratic knapsack problem by weighted average from the viewpoint of variable fixing. It is shown that this method, considered as a variant of the variable fixing algorithms, and Kiwiel's variable fixing method generate the same iterates. We further improve the algorithm based on the analysis regarding the semismooth Newton method. Computational results are given and comparisons are made among the state-of-the-art algorithms. Experiments show that our algorithm has significantly good performance; it behaves very much like an <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ O(n) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> algorithm with a very small constant.


The processing of laser hardening has been discussed. Paper presents a comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties (hardness and wear resistance) of three grades of carbon steels containing 0.15, 0.45 and 0.9% C after conventional and CO2 laser hardening by melting and rapid solidification. Laser hardening of examined steels resulted in higher hardness and better wear resistance in comparison with conventional hardening. Post laser treatment tempering effected in carbides precipitation and further improvement in hardness and wear resistance.


A crack alters the dynamic property of a structure which, in turn, changes the dynamic responses of the structure. The change in dynamic responses may serve as effective indicator of structural damage. In essence, structural dynamic response, e.g., natural frequency, is related to the location and the depth of damage, and it is traditionally obtained via experiment and finite element simulation. Commonly, it is an enormous task to fully identify the effect of a crack varying in location and depth on the dynamic property of a structure. To this end, we proposed a concept of natural frequency spectra to comprehensively characterize the damage effect on a cracked beam. The natural frequency spectra behave as a compact dynamics characteristic of a beam with a crack of any depth and location along the beam. A program of computing the natural frequency spectra together with extracting natural frequencies from the spectra is created using Matlab language. The proposed natural frequency spectra hold promise for use in damage identification of beams.


This paper presents a finite-element analysis (FEA) that features a model for electromagnetic-thermal coupling 3D-FEA. To confirm magnetic flux density and thermal distribution, we carry out 3D-FEA on an induction heating (IH) rice cooker with a magnetic flux concentrator (MFC). The analysis is conducted with respect to the bar-type MFC. The current waveform and temperature transition of the actual model is measured, and FEA modeling is based on the shape and current waveform of the model. The IH jar temperatures derived by the initial FEA model and the actual model are compared. The models show good agreement in terms of temperature transition. To improve efficiency and fast heating, the application of the MFC in the modeling is considered. To confirm the effect of the MFC, the initial and proposed models are compared using 3D-FEA results.


ABSTRACT Achieving a sustainable increase in the fertility of sandy soils is a major problem. The application of biochar (BC) is a relatively new method, but results for a temperate climate are scarce. This work investigates various combined doses of BC and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria inoculants on the fertility of acidic and calcareous sandy soils, hypothesising that joint application could have a synergistic impact. The effects were followed by measuring chemical (pH, organic matter, nutrient availability) and microbiological properties of the soil and maize biomass. 30 t ha−1 BC increased both pH (by 1 unit) and nitrification in acidic soil (causing a 60% drop in NH4-N concentration), and the phosphorus and potassium availability (by 53 and 80%, respectively) in both soils. Substrate-induced respiration increased by up to 100% and 50% in acidic and calcareous soil, respectively, in treatments involving both BC and inoculant. In acidic soil a BC dose of 3 t ha−1 resulted in a 70% decrease in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal infection. Changes in maize grain yield were not significant, but the increase in above-ground biomass indicated that the combined application of BC and inoculant is more beneficial than separate application of these yield-increasing agents, primarily on acidic sand.


r 1,c 2,t 3,t 4 Tetra(2 benzoxazolyl)cyclobutane(BBC) and r 1,c 2,t 3,t 4 bis(2 benzimidazolyl) 2,4 bis(2 benzoxazolyl)cyclobutane(BMC) were synthesized with a high stereoselectivity by the photodimerization of trans 1,2 bis(2 benzoxazolyl)ethene and trans 1 (2 benzimidazolyl) 2 (2 benzoxazolyl)ethene respectively. The structures of BBC and BMC were identified by elemental analysis, IR, UV, 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, MS as well as X ray diffraction method. The crystal of BBC is triclinic, space group: P 1. Unit cell parameters: a = 0. 646 84 (13) nm, b = 1. 324 2(3) nm, c = 1.624 5(3) nm; α= 74. 66(3)° , β= 78.77(3)°, γ= 76.06(3)°, V = 1.289 6(4) nm 3 , Z=2, D c= 1.351 g·cm -1 . There are two kinds of molecules with the same stereostructure but different orientations in the crystal cells. The π stacking between the benzoxazolyl planes of different molecules was found. The distance of the π stacking planes is 0.330 ~ 0.376 nm, quite similar with that of graphite(0.335 nm). Both of BBC and BMC have head to tail configuration. It was found that the dimerization benefit by increasing the polarity of the solvents and increasing the conjugate system. The photodimerization has a high stereoselectivity and isn't affected by the presence of oxygen, which demonstrated the reaction proceeding through an excited singlet state. The excimer fluoresence of BBC and BMC was detected. [WT5HZ]


The carotenoids content in Posidonia oceanica, Nelumbium nuciferum, Opuntia ficus-indica and Zygophyllum album from different ecological niches in Egypt was studied. Considerable differences, both qualitative and quantitative among four investigated plant species were found.


Of the numerous libraries dealing with art documentation in Lithuania, it is the National Library which holds the most significant collection. The exhibition programme of its Arts Department is particularly noteworthy: displays of items from the collection travel all over the country and beyond its borders to foreign lands, including the United Kingdom, France, Austria, Germany, Ireland and Finland. The enthusiasm generated has encouraged similar activities in other libraries, as is described in the directory of Lithuanian art libraries which concludes this article.


Nowadays, image processing tools with advanced and easy-to-use features are becoming available making image manipulation much simpler than ever before. With the wide spread use of images, image authenticity is crucial and it is essential to be able to passively detect forgery when the original image is not accessible. In this work, we proposed an image forgery detection model based on the variations of the discrete cosine transform coefficients of transformed images using local phase quantization at different scales. Texture features are extracted by the proposed method and employed to train a support vector machine for image classification. Variants of the proposed model are evaluated on two publicly available benchmark datasets for color images and compared to other existing methods. The results demonstrate that significant improvement can be achieved.


Human β‐1,3‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (β3GnT2) is indispensable for the conversion of lacto‐N‐triose II into lacto‐N‐tetraose and lacto‐N‐neotetraose. In this paper, we report multiple co‐transfection in a single step using two different human cDNAs in an insect cell, β3GnT2 and calreticulin chaperone respectively. This minimized the time required to isolate stably expressing cell line from 12 weeks to 4 weeks and simplified the isolation technique to a one‐step process. We tried to insert as much cDNA as possible and used various concentrations of two antibiotics, Blasticidin and Geneticin, at 25–1500 μg/ml respectively during co‐transfection for the selection of an efficiently expressing stable cell line with no adverse effects. A stably expressing cell line was isolated which expressed β3GnT2 and chaperone simultaneously, which gave an activity of 10.1 m‐units/ml compared with 6.7 m‐units/ml by a cell only carrying β3GnT2. In this study we correlated the activity of β3GnT2 with the amount of β3GnT2 and human calreticulin cDNA in a stably expressing insect cell line simultaneously expressing calreticulin chaperone. When the amounts of chaperone and β3GnT2 cDNA were in a rough ratio of 1:1, the β3GnT2 activity was at a high level. In order to achieve better expression levels of β3GnT2 with less cost and time, efficient ways have to be devised.


Testing was conducted to evaluate the benefits of the UTM coordinate system and a fully gridded map for land-navigation and coordinate measurement tasks. Under field conditions, 20 of 22 test participants preferred the UTM coordinate system to the 1atitudeNongitude (lat/long) system, and all participants favored maps with the full UTM grid to maps on which the grid is represented as marginal tick marks. A full UTM grid allowed coordinates to be measured quickly with a pocket-size coordinate reader to accuracies of approximately 10 m, as compared to 100 m when the map has only marginal UTM tick marks. In order to facilitate the integrated use of maps with GPS and GIS technologies, it is recommended that full UTM grids be printed on all 1:24,000-scale maps.


Background: the work of the guidance teacher requires the knowledge and influence of emotional intelligence as a way to develop a revolutionary ethic, humanistic, and adequate citizen behavior in the training processes of their students, to successfully meet the academic, scientific and socio-political purposes and requirements of society. Objective: to elaborate activities to develop the emotional intelligence of medical science students through the work of the guidance teacher. Methods: a development research was carried out at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences during the 2015-2016 academic year. Methods of the theoretical level were used: historicallogical, analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, transition from the abstract to the concrete and systemic-structural; and of the empirical level: documentary analysis, scientific observation, surveys in the form of interviews with teaching executives and students. EDUMECENTRO 2018;10(4):103-121 ISSN 2077-2874 RNPS 2234 Santa Clara oct.-dic. http://www.revedumecentro.sld.cu 105 Results: it was diagnosed that there is insufficient knowledge about emotional intelligence, and its role in the training of health professionals, in addition to the fact that the need to work in order to develop it from the ruling documents and the management processes is not intentional, so activities were developed for this purpose, which were assessed by specialists. Conclusions: they were considered adequate for the formulation of their objectives, their structure and their correspondence with the policies of the Ministry of Higher Education and the Ministry of Public Health. MeSH: emotional intelligence, emotions, faculty, students, medical, education, medical. _____________________________________________


Over the past few years, Pakistan carried out various publicized battles against militancy and terrorism led primarily by thePakistan military. Due to the changed geostrategic context, civil-military coordination is necessary for developing a new national securitypolicy. Therefore the objective of the present study is to examine civil-military coordination portrayed in the English press of Pakistanfollowed by the most significant event, i.e., the formation of Provincial Apex committees. These committees were formed for strengtheningcollaboration between civil-military institutions to execute NAP in different provinces, consequently the study analyzed news stories of twoEnglish newspapers, i.e., Dawn and The News, by employing the CDA model proposed by Fairclough. Results indicate that Dawn coveredthe image of the Pakistan military by highlighting actions of then COAS for empowering committees in different provinces for fasterexecution on NAP and restoration of IDP's whereas, The News covered lack of coordination between civil-military leadership on executionof NAP.


OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted to determine the energy intake of adult residents of district 13 of Tehran and compare the results with their energy requirements.

DESIGN
In this cross-sectional study, 403 subjects were selected by random sampling, including 145 men and 151 women aged 25-50 years and 57 men and 50 women over 50 years old in the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).

MEASUREMENTS
Height, body weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Mean energy requirements for each sex-age group were estimated by multiplying specific coefficients (allocated to each group) by body weight and resting energy expenditure (REE), and the results of both methods were compared with mean energy values recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Dietary assessment was performed by 48-hour diet recall. A ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate lower than 1.27 was considered as under-reporting. Physical activity was evaluated by standard questionnaire of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC).

RESULTS
Women were significantly more overweight and obese than men (p < 0.001) and older women were more obese than younger ones (p < 0.05). Only one-third of the study population had adequate physical activity. Women had significantly lower physical activity than men (p < 0.01). Energy requirements for both age and sex groups were lower than recommended daily allowances for energy: men 25-50; 2576 vs. 2900; men > 50: 2155 vs. 2300; women 20-50: 2045 vs. 2200 and women > 50: 1817 vs. 1900 kilocalories (kcal). Reported energy intake of men was higher and that of women was lower than the RDA. Forty percent of women and 14% of men under-reported their energy intake.

CONCLUSION
The energy requirement of the average Tehranian is lower than daily allowances; conditions of obesity and overweight are more prevalent in women. There is high frequency of under-reporting of energy intake in women. Lifestyle modifications to improve dietary habits and to increase physical activity are recommended to decrease overweight and obesity in urban population of Tehran.


Abstract Reliable methods for the characterization of the surface properties and the wettability of small particles have not been available in the past. A novel technique, based on the behaviour of the lest particles at the solidification front of certain well defined solidifying melts (matrix materials) has been developed recently in our laboratory. This method was used to determine contact angles and surface tensions of coal particles in the range of 20-250 μm. Two types of bituminous and one type of subbituminous coal were tested using thymol, biphenyl, napthalene, salol and 2-phenyl phenol as matrix materials. The results show that contact angles on small particles can be determined to within ± 2°, i.e. to the same degree of accuracy that is typically reported for extended smooth surface by means of conventional techniques. The measurements also show that within one and the same coal sample the larger particles are somewhat more hydrophilic than the smaller ones. Surface tensions and contact angles of...


Based on analysis of the operating mechanism of phase-locked loop(PLL),a second-order equivalent model was established for PLL's tracking error by use of transfer function methodology, and theoretical analysis was done regarding the dynamic frequency-and phase-tracking performance of PLL.A simulation model of PLL was constructed on MATLAB for verification,with which simulations were carried out with regard to various circumstances of input signals,such as frequency and phase step-change,continuous temporary change of frequency,harmonics distortion,etc.Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that PLL renders typical behaviors similar to that of a second-order control system,which will inevitably result in response time,over-adjust and deviation,and thereby some concrete conditions are required to realize accurate tracking to input signals.The research results present valuable reference basis for application prerequisites determination,peripheral circuit parameters design and performance amelioration of PLLs.


Objective To explore the relationship between the prethrombotic state and the early stage of the monofracture patients,especially multifractures patients.Methods In 24 hours,plasma levels of α-granule membrane protein(GMP-140) thromboxane B_2 and 6-keto-PGI_ 1α were measured by ELISA in 80 patients with monofracture and 83 patients with multifractures.The same procedure were compared with those in 85 control subjects.Results Plasma levels of GMP-140,TXB_2,and 6-K-PGF_ 1α were significantly higher in patients with multifractures(P0.001)or monofracture(P0.05)during the early phase as compared with those in control subjects.Conclusion It is shown that activiation of platelet and coagulation system combined with endothelial injury may present at the early phase of monofracture patients and multifractures patients.This indicated the prethrombotic state exised.


Human's freedom and liberation is Marxist's great ideal.Re-knowing and deeply disclosing the naoyoshi of viewpoint of Marxism freedom,it provided the thought resource and theoretical basis for us to resolve realistic problem,it need renew and clarify the real appearance and spiritual essence of the viewpoint of freedom in theory.Marx broke through the limitless of bourgeoisie's position and thinking mode,carried through the humanism's freedom spirit thoroughly,took the whole mankind's freedom and liberation as own lofty ideal and great goal.Marx surmounted the viewpoints of freedom of the former philosophers by the thinking mode of practical viewpoints,indicated the historical trend of human's freedom and liberation,completed philosophical revolution of viewpoint of freedom in history of philosophy.


The composite effect of the hybrid magnets bonded by nanocrystalline Nd_2Fe_(14)B/Fe_3B with ferrite powders was studied,as well as the influence of its variations in magnetic properties,temperature coefficient β_(_j?H_c) of intrinsic coercive force _j?H_c and thermal stability and the composite effect itself on its density and compressive strength. The results showed that the composite effect makes its temperature coeffcient β_(_j?H_c) and irreversible loss h_(irr) decrease with the thermal stability improved. The effect of the content of ferrite on its magnetic properties at 100?℃ showed that the remanence B_r and maximum magnetic energy product(BH)_m decrease but the intrinsic coercive force _j?H_c increases obviously. The composite effect affects its magnetic properties and density obviously but affects compressive strength slightly.


This paper deals with the problem of segmentation of cluster-structured objects, that is the objects which are formed by a set of unconnected elements smaller than the object. Images representing such objects are very difficult for segmentation. A good example of cluster-structured objects are "comet" images from Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (comet assay). In the analysis of comet assay images a pivotal role plays the detection of comet regions the comet region is formed by unconnected fragments of DNA (Fig. 1) which originate from the same cell nucleus. Because those regions are not solid, the usage of standard segmentation methods leads to poor results (Fig. 2). Preand post-processing methods can be used for improvement of segmentation results. Some of them are presented in the paper. The aim of the work was not the selection of the best improvement method of the comet assay segmentation results but the presentation of different approaches which could be used in the case of segmentation of this kind of objects. The first presented method is based on the idea of artificial removing of connectivity lack this is done by the usage of a low-pass filter with large window before segmentation (Fig. 3). The next method uses the morphological closing for assignment of regions ri to the metaregion Rk which represent one comet (Fig. 4). For improving Rk shape the idea of convex hull spanned on i k r R  is used (Fig. 5). In this method the assignment condition is enclosed in structuring elements because of limitations of the discrete space, in which the structuring element is defined, there are also some limitations of conditions which can be used. This drawback does not exist in the last of the presented method which uses the conception of the minimum spanning tree for assignment of regions ri to Rk. In this method the segmentation result is represented by graph G, whose vertexes vi represent regions ri, and length dij of edge eij between vertexes vi, and vj is equal to the closest distance between pixels of ri and rj (distances dij in general case can be variously defined). In G the minimum spanning trees Tk are searched, such that : ij k ij e T d     , then for each Tk its convex hull is created it defines the region of comet Kp (Fig. 6).


Regioselective N-alkylation of 4-chloro-2-(methylthio)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1) with ethyl 3-bromopropionate under liquid-liquid phase transfer reaction conditions and further saponification of the ester function under formation of compound 3b is described. Subsequent SNAr substitution of the 4-chloro substituent by an amino function and reductive removal of the 2-methylthio group of 3b gives, via 4a, the title compound 4b.


This is a tool which allows a user to construct domain ontology, customize data entry forms and enter data. The tool can be easily extended to access other knowledge based embedded applications. For example, Graphical widgets can be added for tables and diagrams. Protégé can also be used by other applications to access the data. Protégé allows a user to simultaneously work on classes and instances. This is provided for by a uniform GUI whose top level is composed of overlapping tabs for compact representation [protégé, 2012; protege-owl, 2012]. Protégé platform supports two main ways of modeling ontologies: ― Protégé-Frames editor: enables users to build and distribute ontologies, which are based on frame structures corresponding to " Open Knowledge Base Connectivity " (OKBC) protocol; ― Protégé-OWL editor: enables users to build ontologies on the Semantic Web, especially the using W3C's Web Ontology Language (OWL) [OWL, 2004]. ― Graph view-Via GraphViz plug-in (browsing of classes and global properties); Via Jambalaya plug-in (nested graph view); ― Consistency check-Via plug-ins (PAL and FaCT); ― Limited multiuser support-Protégé has some multiuser capabilities added to it. It is intended for experienced Protégé users. Multiple users can read the same database and make incremental changes or changes that don't conflict with one another. However, there's no support for multiple users trying to modify the same elements of a knowledge base or notification of changes made by other users. Concurrent changes to the same section will cause severe problems;


The purpose of this article is to present the state of the art which concerns the application of robust synthesis techniques of linear systems and mu-analysis of longitudinal and lateral flight of the helicopter.


Introduction. The IC Design Process and EDA. Tools and Methodologies for System-Level Design. System-level specification and modeling languages. SoC Block Based Design and IP Assembly. Performance Evaluation Methods for MPSoC Design. Processor Modeling and Design Tools. Embedded Software Modeling and Design. Using Performance Metrics to Select Microprocessor Cores for IC Designs. Parallelizing High-Level Synthesis: A Code Transformational Approach to High-Level Synthesis. Cycle-Accurate System-Level Modeling and Performance Evaluation. Micro-Architectural Power Estimation and Optimization. Design Planning. Design and Verification Languages. Digital Simulation. Using Transactional Level Models in a SoC Design Flow. Assertion-based verification. Hardware Acceleration and Emulation. Formal Property Verification. Design for Test. Automatic Test Pattern Generation. Analog and Mixed-Signal Test.


Viral uveitis may happen as isolated eye disease or as a part of systemic viral disease. Large ocular findings occur. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent ocular complications that are threatened by visual acuity. In this review, we mention about other viral üveitis seen less frequently except for herpes, cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency viruses including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), measles (Rubeola), rubella (Rubella), arboviruses (Dang, Chikungunya, Rift Valley virus and West Nile virus [WNV]) and other rare causes Influenza, Koksaki, Ebola virus.


Koranic text is one of the most widely written Arabic texts and though it is written in Arabic language, it needs special handling because of the its unique orthographic conventions. Unicode has long supported special Koranic characters, but there still few more needed for proper encoding of Koranic text. The L2/09-419 proposal takes step towards full Koran coverage in Unicode, but we believe it has several shortcomings that we try to address in this document. The L2/09-419 proposal proposes encoding a set of idġām (sequential) tanwīn marks, and though we believe in the necessity of the proposed marks, we think it is not enough and an additional set of iqlāb tanwīn still required. There are millions of copies of the Koran just using one set of tanwīn (◌ ً ◌ ٌ ◌ ٍ), but to the best of our knowledge not a single one uses the proposed sequential tanwīn (◌ ً ◌ ٌ ◌ ٍ) alone without using iqlāb tanwīn (◌ � ◌ 􀋉 ◌ �) as well—here is a line first from a typical South-Asian print, then from the King-Fahd edition: Figure 1 Different tanwīn forms, in the first line only standard tanwīn is used, in the second both the proposed sequential tanwīn (encircled in green) and the not yet proposed iqlāb tanwīn (encircled in blue) are used, thus to encode only half of the missing tanwīn marks is not sufficient for full representation of Koran.


Race and racism have a schizophrenic life in international criminal law (ICL) histories, both ever-present, and ever-elusive. This chapter excavates this double-life by tracing, not race, but its repression, in ICL historians' projection of ICL's origins to the mid-nineteenth century regime instituted to implement the prohibition of the Atlantic slave trade in the name of 'humanity'. This regime included treaty born transnational tribunals ('Mixed Commissions') with jurisdictional authority that extended beyond national borders. Racialized structures and imaginaries hide in plain sight in histories of these tribunals as an embryonic ICL—present everywhere yet not acknowledged anywhere. This chapter argues that this absent presence is constituted, on the one hand, by juridification, and on the other, by moralization. Troubling legacies of juridification and moralization entails unpacking continuities and discontinuities with contemporary ICL and the work of race-invisibility in putting wind in the sails of humanity's racially mal-distributive global dynamics.


The invention relates to a production method capable of increasing yield of neomycin. According to the production method, one or several of additives which are lysine, ferrous lactate, tyrosine, methionine, hydrolysis casein, vitamin B12, fructose, glucosamine, folic acid, riboflavin and tryptophan are added to a conventional fermentation medium comprising peanut meal, corn starch, rice flour, yeast powder, glucose, peptone, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, light calcium carbonate and KH2PO4-containign streptomyces fradiae. The production method has the advantages that the yield of the neomycin is increased by above 5-20%, the cost is reduced, and the fermentation efficiency is high. The neomycin is used for treating human diseases, widely used in animal husbandries and used as antibiotics.


IT planning will guide systemically the whole process of the informatization in the private enterprise, make IT apply during the steady developing of the enterprise, and meet the ends for requirement from the enterprise. Therefore IT planning in small and medium-sized enterprises and their sustainable development is one topic worth studying. Having studied the commercial risk within these private enterprises, the paper first presents the technological barrier, which is thought the new type of IT risks. The paper then analyzes the application of IT planning in two SMEs cases. It suggests that the uncertainty of informatization of SMEs will increase when more than one risks are related and reflected to each other. At last, this paper puts forward some suggestions to cope with these problems.


Intranets are used in many companies today. An intranet is used as a channel of communication and as stock-in-trade within many Swedish companies and public organisations. Now in focus is the development of intranets, there is a need to create order in the growing amount of data/information/applications (Bark et al., 2002).Unfortunately there are loads of problems and difficulties when implementing and developing intranets. This often generates intranets that are difficult to use due to extensive engineering constraints. One reason to these problems is that the users of the intranet are not in focal point, it is hard to get the users demands and needs to direct the development work (Gulliksen & Goransson, 2002). To reach success with an intranet investment, analysis of the employees (users) needs is necessary (Bark et al., 2002).The main objective with this report is to examine the users needs in an intranet in order to increase usability. This is done at a reference company that is about start the development work with the intranet. This is done by first finding faults and vantages in an existing intranet and thereafter create a ground for developing intranets. The report has a positivistic approach where knowledge is created from the empirics. Using qualitative research methods such as participating observations and interviews, the empirics has been collected at the reference company.The result shows that the existing intranet does not fulfill the users needs, a number of faults has been detected in the structure, the content and the interface of the intranet. Faults in entirety are a big and an overall problem that reappears within all three categories. Vantages with the intranet is that it has become better and better over the years and the attitude to its existence is positive. The faults and vantages has been turned into a list of needs that can be used when companies are about to develop their intranets as it shows the aspects that are important in the perspective of the users.Important to remember is that an intranet is all about content and that the users are highly task oriented. Therefore it is essential to first and foremost make sure that the intranet is usable before focusing on the aesthetical design.


1. A COST AND RISK ROUTING MODEL FOR TRANSPORTING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS BY RAIL Henry N. Amato, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA H. Barry Spraggins, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA ABSTRACT The transportation of hazardous material by rail presents an important problem because of the risk associated with the release of these materials during transportation due to accident or terrorist incident. A model is developed for determining the least total cost path in a railroad network available to transport hazardous material from a given source to a given destination where an a priori acceptable maximum level of risk has been established. If the risk on any arc or node exceeds the acceptable maximum then that node or arc must be reduced or it can not be part of a feasible path. The total cost includes the cost of transportation, the final cost of risk, and the cost of reducing risk to the acceptable level for each arc and node on a path.


Children participating in an 8-wk. clinic program focused on neuromotor perceptual training were compared with waiting-list controls for changes in physical activity level, verbal activity level, dependency, and aggression. Increased activity levels were expected in association with peers and clinic staff and decreased activity levels in association with a "mother-busy" situation. Of 15 significant effects obtained 12 were in the hypothesized directions. The results provide empirical evidence of previous anecdotal reports of the parents and teachers of the clinic participants.


Individuals can compete either through direct interference or uptake of limiting resources. If competing individuals are able to recognize their relatives, relatedness of competitors may evoke kin selection, which favours relatively even resource share among relatives. Resource competition is often size-symmetric, i.e. proportional to an individual's biomass, while interference competition is asymmetric giving large individuals a disproportionate advantage over small individuals. Kin-selection is predicted to reduce the intensity of direct interference and competitive asymmetry, leading to increased mean and decreased variation in individual size. We tested these predictions by investigating the effects of relatedness on age and size at metamorphosis in the common frog Rana temporaria tadpoles in a laboratory experiment. We reared related (full- and half-sibs) and unrelated tadpoles of different sizes (small, large, small and large together) at two densities until metamorphosis. Relatedness had little effect on mean growth, but it reduced size variation, as measured with coefficient of variation. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between relatedness and density in size at metamorphosis, so that relatives always grew better in lower density, but growth was less affected by density among unrelated individuals. This indicates that the effects of relatedness on tadpole performance may be context dependent. Initial size differences in the mixed size treatment evened out during the course of the experiment, and initially small tadpoles were able to compensate the early growth losses, although it took longer for them to reach metamorphosis. We conclude that although relatedness may have rather small effects on the growth and development of R. temporaria tadpoles, it increases the symmetry of resource share decreasing between-individual variation in size at metamorphosis.


Random effects play a vital role in various physical phenomena and have to be addressed in the mathematical modeling and numerical simulations of such processes.
In this contribution, the concepts of random (ordinary) differential equations (RODEs) and stochastic (ordinary) differential equations (SODEs) are reviewed. Details concerning the numerical solution of problems formulated via SODEs and RODEs are summarised. In particular, key features of the averaged Euler and Heun as well as K-RODE Taylor methods for RODEs are compared with numerical methods for SODEs such as the Euler-Maruyama and the Milstein scheme. Finally, the studied RODE and SODE methods are applied to one- and multi-dimensional examples, including the problem of ground-motion-induced excitations of multi-storey buildings subject to the Kanai-Tajimi earthquake model. Being paradigms for additive white noise driven systems, these applications illustrate on the one hand the applicability of the aforementioned numerical methods on an extremely wide class of problems. On the other hand, the coupled oscillator structure
of the earthquake induced motion of multi-storey buildings naturally gives rise to the development of hybrid numerical schemes that combine averaged and deterministic schemes to fully exploit their benefits.


Statistical properties of spectral samples derived from the continuous speech of six talkers and summarized by means of covariance‐matrix eigenvectors are used to study the dimensionality of the data space. The importance of eliminating low‐level samples by means of a fixed threshold is emphasized, and criteria for selecting such a threshold are presented. Measurements of spectral correlations stabilize after about 30 sec of speech, suggesting that short‐term examination of a talker's output may prove sufficient to calculate parameters useful in recognition schemes. Some features of the correlation matrix, which are readily displayed via isocorrelation contours, appear to be related to talker characteristics, while others are talker independent. The results suggest that the separation of speech data into gross classes prior to the application of statistical procedures will enhance the performance of processing schemes.


The present research examines the impact of not reauthorizing the Superfund taxes on the operations of the program. EPA NPL site status data were obtained from the EPA CERCLIS database for analysis in this study. Data were selected for the fiscal years 1981 to 2009 in four NPL listing status categories: proposal to the NPL, final NPL listing, deletion from the NPL, and achievement of construction completion. Since the Superfund tax expired in 1995, data from the 1981 to 1995 fiscal years and data from the 1996 to 2009 fiscal years were analyzed to determine if there were mean differences in NPL status achievements for those time frames potentially caused by lack of funding. The data in the fifth category (partial NPL deletion) were not analyzed because the EPA did not begin tracking this category as a program goal until 1997. EPA uses the status of sites in these categories to track achievement of program goals and effectiveness. The null hypothesis for this study is that there is no difference between program outcomes (NPL site status data reported by fiscal year) for the time period from 1981 to 1995 and 1996 to 2009 meaning that the failure to re-authorize the Superfund tax has not affected the clean-up of contaminated sites and how they are managed. The alternative hypothesis is that failure to re-authorize the Superfund tax has affected the clean-up of contaminated sites and how they are managed. In support of the alternative hypothesis, there were mean differences (for time frames 1981 to 1995 and 1996 to 2009) for NPL site status achievements for the following milestones: final listing on the NPL, deletion from the NPL, and achieving construction completion status on the NPL. These results suggest that variations in funding may have some impact on NPL status achievements.


The nitrogen budget of Lake Gr. Muggelsee (mean depth 4.85 m, area 7.12 km2) was calculated from weekly measurements of nitrogen transformations from 1978 to 1984. Common mass balances for nitrogen were completed by determination of dinitrogen fixation in order to calculate denitrification as residual budget component and resolved for distinct seasonal periods. N sedimentation was calculated from internal P balance. Influence of flushing rate on loss processes were analysed by comparison of years with very different runoff. Time series analyses and multiple comparison show a relation of hydraulic flow, nitrate load, in-lake nitrate and N elimination to the seasonal cycle of irradiance. Denitrification is the most important loss process and exceeds the effect of sedimentation. Other in- and outputs (precipitation, swimmers, volatilization) are rather stochastic and of lower quantitative importance. Nitrate leaching from the catchment and turbulent mixing within the lake are discussed as determining factors of in-lake nitrogen fluxes.


Introduction: From Galileo magnetometer measurements, it is now widely accepted that Jupiter's icy moon Europa contains a global subsurface ocean [1]. Salt deposits on the surface of Europa also imply interaction between a geologically active ice shell and the underlying ocean [2]. Understanding the dynamics of Europa's ocean is crucial to determine how material might be transported between the silicate mantle and the icy shell, an exchange process that is important to consider for habitability. Numerical thermal convection models of Europa's ocean show that the ocean is wellmixed, with strong zonal jets and Hadley-like circulation cells [3]. In this study, we investigate how salinity variations in Europa's ocean might affect previously proposed thermal convection models. Towards this end, we estimate the compositional Rayleigh number and compare it to the thermal Rayleigh number. These dimensionless parameters quantify the thermal and compositional buoyancy of the system with respect to diffusion. With the potential significance of compositional stratification due to salt content increasing with depth [4] in addition to thermal convection driven by the temperature contrast between the underlying mantle and overlying ice shell [3], we investigate the possibility of a double-diffusive system within Europa's ocean. Double-diffusive convection occurs in a fluid with two or more density gradients, each with different diffusivities [5]. In the case of Europa's ocean, there are two density gradients determined by the temperature and salinity gradients. The diffusivity of heat in water is two orders of magnitude higher than the diffusivity of salt [6]. The density stability ratio, Rρ, determines if a system can develop double-diffusive convection, where Rρ = βΔS/αΔT. The change in salinity and temperature in Europa's ocean are ΔS and ΔT, respectively.  = 8.310 psu is the saline contraction coefficient [5], and  = 210 K is the thermal expansion coefficient [7]. For double diffusive convection to occur, the density stability ratio needs to be roughly between 1 and 10 [8]. A density stability ratio less than 1 indicates a dynamic ocean driven primarily by temperature, with Rayleigh-Bénard convection. A density stability ratio greater than 10 indicates an ocean with dominantly salinity-driven dynamics. Calculations: Due to the lack of direct observations of Europa's ocean, the salinity gradient of the ocean is not well constrained. Recent estimations put the change in salinity throughout Europa's ocean in a range of [10, 10] psu [9]. We use this salinity range to calculate the compositional Rayleigh number, finding values between 6×10 and 1×10. Using a range of temperature contrasts across Europa's ocean of [0.410, 9610] K [10], we calculate that the thermal Rayleigh number is between 7×10 and 2×10. The salinity and temperature contrasts are used to calculate the density stability ratio Rρ of Europa's ocean. Due to the wide range of salinity and temperature changes, there is a wide range of possible density stability ratios, spanning from less than unity to more than 10 (Table 1). The dynamics may, therefore, be thermally dominated (Rρ < 1), double diffusive (1 < Rρ < 10), or compositionally dominated (Rρ > 10). Consequently, we are unable to conclude the dynamical nature of Europa's ocean from this value alone. While some of the calculated values of Rρ are much greater than 10, the ocean of Europa may not be stratified due to the high thermal Rayleigh numbers that would tend to mix the ocean's composition and reduce salinity gradients (S). We, therefore, focus on the double diffusive regime.


Cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with type 2 diabetes will impose an increasing burden on pri mary care over the next few decades. Several mutu ally reinforcing factors account for the increased CVD risk among patients with diabetes, including hypertriglyceri daemia, the importance of which has been generally underestimated. A consensus from the literature suggests that fasting triglyceride levels of 1.7 mmol/L or above may be a cause for cardiovascular concern and warrant further investigation. Apart from CVD, hypertriglyceri daemia can increase the risk of pancreatitis. Clinicians in primary care should become active in identifying and managing secondary causes of hypertriglyceridaemia and encourage patients with diabetes to implement lifestyle changes. Statins are the mainstay of treatment for dia betic dyslipidaemia that remains inadequately controlled. However, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) suggests prescribing a fibrate if triglyc eride levels remain >4.5 mmol/L after addressing second ary causes. Clinicians could consider adding a fibrate if triglyceride levels remain between 2.3 and 4.5 mmol/L despite statin monotherapy for patients at high CVD risk. NICE advocates a trial of highly concentrated, licensed omega3 fish oils if lifestyle measures and fibrate fail to adequately reduce hypertriglyceridaemia. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2012;12:65-70


An artificial dielectric is a material made artificially in which arranged metal strips work as molecules in a crystal. The artificial dielectric has characteristics which are not in usual dielectric, such as an extraordinary high dielectric constant and anisotropy. This characteristic was used and applied to bandpass filter. High dielectric constant is effective in filter miniaturization, and anisotropy contributes to spurious suppression. Although input and output direct-connected coupling is impossible for usual dielectric resonator, it is possible for artificial dielectric resonator comprising metal strips. Based on these results, experimental bandpass filters were designed and fabricated. The filters showed very good performances with small performance variation. Thus, it was confirmed that a small-sized filter with high selectivity is realizable using an artificial dielectric. Moreover, a possibility for drastic cost reduction of base-station filters can be expected by such a packaged production from a large-sized multilayer circuit board.


The Chinese algebraic method, the tian yuan shu, was developed during Song period (960–1279), of which Li Ye's works contain the earliest testimony. Two 18th century editors commentated on his works: the editor of the Siku quanshu and Li Rui, the latter responding to the former. Korean scholar Nam Byeong-gil added another response in 1855. Differences can be found in the way these commentators considered mathematical objects and procedures. The conflicting nature of these commentaries shows that the same object, the quadratic equation, can beget different interpretations, either a procedure or an assertion of equality. Textual elements in this paper help modern readers reconstruct different authors' understandings and reconsider the evolution of the definition of the object we now call 'equation'.


As the most important resource for life, water has been a central issue on the international agenda for several decades. Yet, the world's supply of clean freshwater is steadily decreasing due to extensive agricultural demand for irrigated lands. Therefore, water resources should be used with greater efficiency, and the use of non-traditional water resources, such as Treated Wastewater (TW), should be increased. Reusing TW could be an alternative option to increase water resources. Thus, many countries have decided to turn wastewater into an irrigation resource to help meet urban demand and address water shortages. However, because of the nature of that water, there are potential problems associated with its use in irrigation. Some of the major concerns are health hazards, salinity build-up, and toxicity hazards. The objectives of this comprehensive literature review are to illuminate the importance of using TW in irrigation as an alternative freshwater source and to assess the effects of its use on soil fertility and other soil properties, plants, and public health. The literature review reveals that TW reuse has become part of the extension program for boosting water resource utilization. However, the uncontrolled application of such waters has many unfavorable effects on both soils and plants, especially in the long-term. To reduce these unfavorable effects when using TW in irrigation, proper guidelines for wastewater reuse and management should be followed to limit negative effects significantly.


Objective
To compare bioactive glass spheres with 3 different sizes in terms of their osteogenic potential and biodegradation property for repair of femoral condyle defects in rabbits.

Methods
Defects of 0.6 cm in diameter and 1.2 cm in depth were created in the bilateral femoral condyles of 24 adult New Zealand white rabbits before the animals were randomly assigned into 4 even groups (n=6). The 90 to 300 μm glass spheres were implanted in group A, 301 to 500 μm spheres in group B, 501 to 720 μm spheres in group C, and nothing in group D. Samples were harvested at 6 and 12 weeks after operation to measure new bone formation and the percentage of residual material in the area of bone defect. The osteogenic and biodegradation properties of the glass spheres were evaluated using quantitative histological analysis.

Results
At 6 weeks, new bone formation was observed in the implants in groups A, B and C but not in group D. Partial biodegradation was also observed in groups A, B and C. At 12 weeks, the amount of new bone obviously increased in groups A, B and C and all the 3 groups had greater new bone formation than group D. The amount of new bone in group A (35.25%±1.52%) was significantly greater than that in group B (22.42%±1.86%) and in group C (21.26%±1.36%) (P 0.05). The percentage of residual material in the area of bone defect in group A (13.77%±0.47%) was significantly smaller than that in group B (20.52%±0.82%) and in group C (20.00%±1.08%) (P 0.05).

Conclusion
Since bioactive glass spheres of 90 to 300 μm demonstrate better osteogenic potential and biodegradation property than those with the other 2 sizes, they can be used to effectively repair lacuna bone defects.

Key words:
Bone transplantation; Biocompatible materials; Osteoblasts; Biodegradation; Femoral defect


According to the requirements of metallic card clothing heat treatment techniques,a 100kHz/5kW(Pulse-Symmetrical modulated,PSM)power control serial-resonant DC/AC inverter is used in metallic card clothing heat treatment high efficiency induction heating power.The serial-resonant full bridge inverter executes both power converting and power adjusting.The main switches of the inverter are controlled according to the PSM and the inverter always works at resonant with the same pace of the load and at ZCS ZVS while switching on and off.It has changed the traditional heat treatment technology,economized on electricity,evened up the heating temperature and so on.


In this commentary, we utilize a social cognitive view of self-regulation to analyze the computer-based learning environments (CBLEs) that are described in the various articles in this volume. Although these CBLEs are creative ways of engaging students' metacognitive processes, their impact on students' motivational beliefs and self-reactions has been given relatively little attention to date. Self-regulation research on these sources of motivation in traditional learning environments has shown that they can play a vital role in explaining students' self-initiative and perseverance in the face of setbacks. When analyzing the forms of self-regulatory instruction that were employed, 2 of the CBLEs followed the first 2 sequential levels of a graduated "social-to-self" pattern advocated by social cognitive researchers. However, the other CBLEs often made nonsequential use of such social cognitive instructional processes as modeling, tutoring, providing feedback, and self-research.


Abstract : Military personnel may be required to conduct command and control tasks whilst under various levels of motion. This study examined whether there were performance degradations for typical tasks that commanders may be expected to complete whilst on the move. It was found that there were no differences in task performance between the static and mild levels of motion, but there were differences between the mild and high levels of motion. It was also found that participants performed better at tasks in which they were receiving information, rather than tasks they were in which they had to input information. There were also learning effects were participants performed better in their latter experiment sessions.


Within the framework of the German project initiative UR:BAN the project UR:BAN MV (German abbreviation for "Mensch im Verkehr", i.e., "Human Factors in Traffic") focuses on human-centered research and development tasks to increase the traffic safety in urban areas. The paper gives a brief overview about the motivation and objectives of the UR:BAN initiative. It presents in further detail the topics and first results of the project UR:BAN MV and its five sub-projects "Urban Driving", "Urban-oriented Human-Machine Interaction", "Intention Recognition & Behavior Prediction", "Simulation" and "Controllability".


This paper proves trivialities and nontrivialities of some products of higher order β^tpn /s) elements in the stable homotopy of Moore spaces. The proof is based mainly on properties of nonsplit ring spectra Kr (the cofibre of r-iterated Adams map with r not divisible by prime p > 5) which are given in the rest of the paper.


Abstract Soft set theory has emerged recently as a new mathematical tool to handle uncertainty. Sometimes decision makers are not sure about the decision-making criteria, where soft set theory provides an idea to deal with such uncertainties. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) involves choosing the best from several alternatives. MCDM methods such as TOPSIS and VIKOR depend on an aggregating function for presenting "closeness to the ideal" which arises due to the compromise solution. The VIKOR method of compromise ranking describes a compromise solution, providing a maximum for the "maximizing player" and minimum for the "opponent", which is an effective approach in an MCDM game. TOPSIS method presents a solution with the shortest distance to the positive ideal solution (PIS) and largest distance from the negative ideal solution (NIS). Also, hesitant fuzzy soft set is an appropriate tool to tackle the imprecise parameters introduced in MCDM problems by the decision maker (DM). In this paper, we extend the VIKOR and TOPSIS methods for solving MCDM game problems with hesitant fuzzy soft payoffs to determine the optimal strategies. Finally, a numerical example is incorporated to verify the extended VIKOR approach and the results are compared with those for the TOPSIS method. The paper ends with conclusions and outlooks.


III. Scientific Abstract This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of in vivo gene transfer of the Herpes Simplex-thymidine kinase (HStk) gene using PA317/LTKOSN.2 vector producing cells (VPC) in patients with recurrent or refractory ovarian cancer. Insertion of the HStk gene into tumor cells confers a sensitivity to the anti-herpes drug ganciclovir (GCV). The HStk/GCV system induces a bystander effect and an anti-tumor immune response. HStk VPC have destroyed intraperitoneal tumors growing in animals. This selective destruction of growing tumors in situ is thought to result from the production of toxic GCV metabolites within the tumor. This procedure has resulted in the cure of experimental animals with limited toxicity. Therefore, we propose to apply this technique for the treatment of refractory or relapsed ovarian cancer. Adult women (≥18 years) with recurrent or refractory ovarian cancer, will be evaluated for the extent and location(s) of their disease before being entered into the study. Pat...


Abstract : This report covers an investigation of the application of computer-aided tomography to the problem of nondestructive insepction of industrial components. The work presented here describes the application of tomographic techniques to neutron radiography. A comparison of neutron and x-ray tomography is included. Additionally, the capability for three-dimensional visualization of inspection data, made possible by the use of tomographic methods, is described.


Banks are interested on netbaking channel in order to address the client desires and needs and get a competitive differential. This research was carried out to identify the opinion of internetbanking clients about the performance of this service in the quality dimensions of E-BANKING model, observing the importance given to each dimension. To achieve this objective, it was surveyed, in a random way, the perception of 150 inhabitants of Sao Paulo city and internetbanking users of Abn Amro Real, Banco do Brasil, Bradesco, Itau, ou Unibanco. To analyze the data, it was employed the factor analysis to verify whether dimensions of E-BANKING model represent adequately the measurement variables. Moreover, it was developed a importance-performance matrix to identify the quality dimensions that have big impact on the users value perception and that could be improved. It was found that virtual banks performance is correctly measured by the variables set that forms each dimension of the model. Evaluating the internetbankings performance in the dimensions, taking in account the dimensions importance to the respondents, it was observed that banks focus should be improve the performance of aspects that influence the tangibility, empathy and reliability of this virtual service channel.


In this paper, a three-level model of micro bolometer was established by intellisuit software. The total heat capacity, resistance and device thermal conductance Gdev (lower limit) was obtained by theoretical calculation, resistance extraction and dynamic thermal finite element simulation respectively. According to the relationship among of the bias current, effective thermal conductance and device thermal conductance, the range of current is got. Different current and the same amount of heat radiation were loaded on the devices for dynamic thermoelectric coupling finite element simulation. Considering the thermal time constant, effective thermal conductance and power consumption, the optimal current can be drawn.


In the present paper, the preload reduction over the time attributed to the relaxation phenomenon which involves hybrid (composite-metal) bolted joints has been experimentally and numerically investigated. Unlike conventional materials (steel, aluminium, etc.), composite ones, due to the presence of the polymeric matrix with viscoelastic properties, feel more considerably the relaxation phenomenon, which begins at room temperature (around 20 °C). As a result, the loss in the mechanical fastening is a very critical aspect to consider when composite components have to be bolted to other; further investigations are still mandatory to increase the effectiveness of such jointing techniques.The test article consists of two bolted plates made of mild steel and a composite laminate made by E720 770gms 3×1 T E-Glass roving 1200 Tex 35% RW, respectively. Under this purpose, the preload reduction in the bolt has been experimentally emphasized by developing a novel strain-gauged bolt. Moreover, the relaxation phenomenon has been numerically simulated by developing a complex Finite Element (FE) model.In the present paper, the preload reduction over the time attributed to the relaxation phenomenon which involves hybrid (composite-metal) bolted joints has been experimentally and numerically investigated. Unlike conventional materials (steel, aluminium, etc.), composite ones, due to the presence of the polymeric matrix with viscoelastic properties, feel more considerably the relaxation phenomenon, which begins at room temperature (around 20 °C). As a result, the loss in the mechanical fastening is a very critical aspect to consider when composite components have to be bolted to other; further investigations are still mandatory to increase the effectiveness of such jointing techniques.The test article consists of two bolted plates made of mild steel and a composite laminate made by E720 770gms 3×1 T E-Glass roving 1200 Tex 35% RW, respectively. Under this purpose, the preload reduction in the bolt has been experimentally emphasized by developing a novel strain-gauged bolt. Moreover, the relaxation phenome...


Aiming at the over high total phosphorus concentration in the effluent Glyphosate production wastewater from anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment in a chemical plant,catalytic iron was adopted to update the existing process for improvement of the effluent water quality.The effects of catalytic iron removing phosphorus in water at different treating sections in original process were studied.The results showed that this process was able to effectively remove the total phosphorus and orthophosphate by 52.7% and 83.13% respectively in the effluent of the biological anaerobic tank.Additionally it significantly increased the ratio of BOD5 to COD from 0.08 to 0.31 to improve the biodegradability,which was in favor of the follow-up aerobic treatment.It concluded that by adding a catalytic iron section after the anaerobic tank,the effluent water quality could be effectively improved.


The development of international economy and trade is characterized by internationalization of production, liberalization of trade and regional integration. In order to realize the better development of China's social economy and enhance its international competitiveness and influence, we need to be aware of the positive effects of international economic and trade development on China's economy, such as attracting foreign investment, optimizing industrial structure, and developing foreign trade economy, as well as the negative effects of domestic economic development, such as international economic fluctuations, difficulties in introducing foreign companies, and difficulties in the development of labor-intensive industries. We should strengthen the development of high-tech industries, strengthen the development and utilization of talents, and create a reasonable foreign trade development mechanism, so as to ensure better economic development.


RNA‐sequencing‐based classifiers can stratify pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) into prognostically significant subgroups but are not practical for use in clinical workflows. Here, we assess whether histomorphological features may be used as surrogate markers for predicting molecular subgroup and overall survival in PDAC.


We examined typhoon windthrow patterns in stand-scale permanent plots within three natural forests and the long-term dynamics of surviving trees in two of these plots. The aim was to verify whether pre-disturbance composition and structure affected windthrow damage and stand recovery. The stands, which were in Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of Japan, differed in pre-disturbance composition (coniferous, mixed and broadleaved stands) and structure, and the basal area losses by the windthrow event were 81–93 per cent. Tree mortality was significantly related to tree size (diameter at breast height) and species. The windthrow patterns differed among the three stands; and, windthrow severity was affected by the pre-disturbance composition and structure. The mortality of trees that survived the windthrow event was ~60 per cent in the two plots. The surviving trees comprised a majority of the canopy layer in the secondary stands. The relative basal area of surviving trees decreased rapidly with increasing tree density in the stand initiation stage but differed between plots. Consequently, the pre-disturbance composition and structure influenced windthrow severity, stand recovery and secondary succession in the recovered stands.


Phylostratigraphy suggests that new genes are continually born de novo from non-genic sequences. The genes that persist found new lineages, contributing to the adaptive evolution of organisms. While recent evidence supports the view that de novo gene birth is frequent and widespread, the mechanisms underlying this process are yet to be discovered. Here we hypothesize and examine a potential general mechanism of gene birth driven by the accumulation of beneficial mutations at non-genic loci. To demonstrate this possibility, we model this mechanism, within the boundaries set by current knowledge on mutation effects. Estimates from this simple analysis are in line with observations of recurrent and extensive gene birth in genomics studies. Thus, we propose that rather than being inactive and silent, non-genic regions are likely to be dynamic storehouses of potential genes.


This article uses interviews of long-standing neighborhood residents' sentiments of university expansion into their community. These data provide persuasive empirical evidence for the need of urban anchor institutions to include as an integral component of their campus reopening efforts, intentional plans for reducing the disruption of housing patterns of permanent residents. The term COVID exposure has come to signify not only the potential to succumb to the virus, but it also implies the revealing of inequities in systems that impact the effects of the crisis within Black and Brown communities. Every sector of U.S. society has been impacted by COVID-19, and it has required a paradigm shift in our interactions with one another. Academic institutions are enacting robust de-densification efforts which will stimulate dramatic shifts in the off-campus housing needs for students, but they stand the chance of displacing or further disadvantaging the long-standing residents who reside outside of their campus border. Universities must use reopening plans as an instrument to change the trajectory of relationships they hope to cultivate with their long-standing neighbors, through renewed engagement efforts that integrate lessons from the past and that seek to build stronger neighborhoods by challenging housing inequity and housing inequality.


Aim: To assess the different causes and their association of cerebral palsy in children. Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional survey using consecutive sampling technique at the orthopedic surgery department Mayo hospital, Lahore from October 2011 to November. The sample size was 200 children of all age groups, on history and clinical examination who were diagnosed with cerebral palsy were included in the study and children or their parents refused to participate in the study were excluded. Results: Out of the total 200 children, 42(21%) had <1year of age, 80(40%) has 1-5 year age, 62(31%) has 5-15 year and 16(8%) had reached the skeletal maturity. Majority, 130(65%) were boy and 70(35%) were girls. None of the participant was married till study completion. When education status was asked, majority 127(63.5%) were illiterate and 28(14%) children were admitted in nursery, 27(13.5%) had primary education, 13(6.5%) completed the matriculation and only 5(2.5%) children were enrolled as undergraduate. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status and illiterate population were in majority. Most children had age up to five years with one third of the children had associated illness. Keywords: Cerebral palsy, congenital disease, central nervous system, motor impairment syndrome, gait analysis.


Superadditivity of quantum capacity of communication channels is one of the most interesting findings of the field. Yard and Smith, finding a relation between the private capacity and the assisted quantum capacity, showed a striking example of superadditivity, i.e. two channels of zero quantum capacity could achieve a positive quantum capacity when used together [1]. The four dimensional channels they used are a 50% erasure channel (therefore zero quantum capacity, due to no-cloning theorem) and a Horodecki channel (again zero quantum capacity due to incapability of sharing free entanglement). In this work we present the more general cases of superadditivity. Directly calculating the lower bounds of joint quantum capacities without using the relation between private capacity and assisted quantum capacity, we examine scenarios considering erasure channels of arbitrary probabilities and different Horodecki channels, and discuss the roles of degradability and anti-degradability as well as the role of the pri...


Phase equilibrium data are essential for the proper design and operation of most chemical processes. When experimental data are unavailable, thermodynamic models, such as group contribution methods, are used to predict phase equilibrium. The accuracy of these models in predicting infinite-dilution activity coefficients (γ ∞ ) of aqueous systems is questionable. Moreover, model development is hampered by a lack of (a) γ ∞ data at temperatures above 300 K, and (b) γ ∞ data for water in hydrocarbon systems. Using quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR), mathematical models are developed relating the structure of a diverse set of organic molecules to γ ∞ values for


Since the early 1990s, a large-scale conversion from analogue recording and production practices to digital technologies has taken place in cinemas.1 Digital technology has been integrated into the production and post-production stages of filmmaking as well as reproduction and projection formats. The ramification of this development has been far-reaching and particularly evident in the way filmmaking has changed through novel digital sound practices (...


The key problems of stability control in DC microgrid is pointed out based on the development trend in DC microgrid.Then the art-of-the-state of the key technologies related to stability control,such as DC bus voltage control,multi-source coordinated control,and operation modes switch and stability are reviewed comprehensively.Finally,Part of the presented technologies are verified based on the Smart DC power distributed and utilization experimental platform in Tianjin University,and the future research of DC microgrid stability control is looked forward.


In order to better demonstrate the effectiveness of regional energy internet and integrated energy utilization, this paper presents a scenario of building a regional integrated energy display system, which covers hardware and simulation model. The simulation model is consisting of four dimensions: 'environment', 'geography', 'component' and 'integrated energy system', the interaction rule of models is also defined. This display system is based on the resource-oriented design method, using the interactive model by placing corresponding components to construct a regional integrated energy internet with multiple energy sources (cold, heat, electricity, gas, etc.). This paper provides a brand new operation plan for integrated energy display and greatly improved the efficiency of modeling. Finally, the proposed scenario is applied to one provincial electric power company of China, its effectiveness and feasibility is verified. Introduction Energy is a vital material foundation for ensuring human production and living activities, and it is also an important force for reform to promote the development of human civilization. The development of energy has brought a high degree of economic development, as well as a high degree of prosperity in science and technology and culture, while it also brought severe problems such as environmental protection, energy security, and climate change [1,2]. The traditional energy structure and energy system are far from meeting the needs of sustainable development. With the rapid progress of new energy and renewable energy, a considerable scale of fossil fuels such as oil are gradually being replaced. The transformation of energy structure is an irreversible process. Energy utilization is converting to a clean and high density way, due to the improvement of productivity and technological level [3]. The regional integrated energy interactive display system is based on the resource-guided design method and adopts an interactive modeling way [4,5] to build a regional integrated energy internet in which multiple regional energy sources (cold, heat, electricity, gas, etc.) cooperate and complement each other. The operating patterns and basic characteristics of integrated energy system are displayed by adjusting time, space, and resources coefficient. Display Platform At present, numerous large touch screens [6] and large-screen video wall are being used in public places [7], as touch screen technology is becoming increasingly mature.To make full use of the interactive capabilities of the touch screen, and break through the traditional interactive devices limitation of mice and keyboards, experts and scholars around the world have done a number of research on different interaction technologies [8]. In [9,11], authors propose the human-machine interaction technology based on gesture recognition and related target tracking algorithm. However, human-machine interaction technology based on the physical model is not included. Reference [12] introduces the optical multi-touch technology and the projection technology for building a large multi-touch screen. With the continuous maturation of real-time depth camera technology [13] in recent years, advanced and mainstream display systems in the world have adopted the "Touch Screen


ABS TRACT Objective: The energy expenditure can be measured either during resting condition or performing a particular type of a physical activity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the resting and walking energy expenditure at preferred walking speed (PWS) with different body mass index (BMI) and to determine the effect of normalization techniques to these data. Material and Methods: Four groups are formed as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese according to BMI of individuals. A total of 64 healthy young adults with no known gait disabilities were recruited. The gross resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured with indirect calorimeter method for 30 min and walking energy expenditure was measured during subjects' walk in their PWS on treadmill for 7 min. Results: The gross REE was significantly higher in obese subjects compared to underweight and normal subjects (p<0.0001). When REE was normalized to body weight, it was higher in underweight and normal groups than overweight and obese groups (p<0.0001). However, when REE was normalized to fat-free mass, it did not differ significantly between groups. The gross walking energy expenditure in PWS was higher in obese and overweight groups than underweight and normal groups (p<0.0001). Conclusion: In order to eliminate fat-mass effect on REE of obese individuals, REE normalized to fat-free mass should be used to acquire more accurate results. On the other hand, the fat-mass increment raises energy requirement while walking to retain the body balance. Thus, gross walking energy expenditure should be taken into consideration for the evaluating energy expenditure of walking.


For decades, feminism has been a concept associated with women"s freedom from patriarchy, and this movement started in 1848 in Europe. Several political and social movements have fought on the side of women for gender equality over decades. In the 1960s, radical feminism grew because of the women"s liberation movement, which continued well into the 1970s and 1980s. Over the years, feminism has given a voice to women wanting to unshackle themselves from patriarchy. This conceptual article examines indigenous feminism, which is an alternative to Eurocentric feminism. Amongst others, the indigenous feminists perceive their mandate as one of decolonizing feminism, thus looking beyond patriarchy as the sole problem women face in society. Indigenous feminists also recognize race, class and colonial history as among the major obstacles to women"s advancement. Using theory synthesis, the article found that indigenous feminism embraced by womanism reflects how African women could contest for social justice and equality while utilizing certain values and principles. The conclusions demonstrate that women from the Global South will be empowered by African philosophies as they become strong leaders in society. Furthermore, the conclusions point out that empowered African women would be able to confront social injustices that stunt their growth as leaders in society.


An approach to parameter estimation of robot dynamic models, in particular inertial terms, using symbolic computations is presented. The approach makes use of a class of manipulator test motions whose definition is more general than in previous works. Methods for analyzing the symbolic structure of these test motions are presented and, in particular, an approach to motion determination providing good excitation of inertial parameters is introduced. An overall strategy for identifying all base inertial parameters of dynamic model is outlined.<<ETX>>


The author reveals the content of the notion interest, derives the term lobbyist interest basing on the content analysis of the notions existing diversity and interests classification, substantiates that the category interest is a fundamental theoretical basis in the disclosure of lobbyism phenomenon as a political institution, and formulating the essence of the category lobbyist interest considers the legal and political aspects of this phenomenon and raises lobbyists' professional ethics question.


The structural failures seen currently within Australia's Defence bureaucracy, including those evident in the capability acquisition organisation, go back to the Tange days and the unfettered power given the civilian Defence Department bureaucracy to 'reform' the Services and the higher defence machinery as it wished. The penultimate outcome of that reorganisation has simply been to maximise bureaucratic power and then to 'keep the Services in their place'. Since then, Governments of both persuasions as well as Parliaments have stood aside and willingly ignored the continued abuse of bureaucratic power, seemingly uncertain as to how to respond, or afraid to make a move. A review of the various submissions made to Defence Reform Reviews, Parliamentary Committees and successive Defence Ministers, covering the full gamut of Defence Matters, shows this to be the case. The result has been to erode the professional development and management of Australia's Military Services, to place Australia's Defence Industry, particularly the Aerospace Industry, in jeopardy, and to impact adversely the National security. ....


BACKGROUND
Aceclofenac is a phenylacetic acid derivative belongs to the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is commonly used in the treatment of pain and various inflammatory disorders. It is well tolerated, with most adverse events being minor and reversible and affecting mainly the GI system.

CASE REPORT
Here, we report a rare occurrence of non-pigmenting fixed drug eruption after the use of aceclofenac in a 19 year old female.