Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) defined by a very low weight for height (below -3z scores of the median WHO growth standards), is a devastating public health problem of epidemic proportions. Diminished immune functions render undernourished patients more susceptible to multiple infections and many severely malnourished children die from delay inappropriate treatment. This study was undertaken to study the antibiotic senstitivity pattern among organisms causing infections in patients with severe acute malnutrition so as to aid in developing a local antibiogram. MATERIAL AND METHODS : In this study 72 children aged 6 months-60 months, classified as SAM children as per WHO criteria were included and their blood cultures and antibiotic sensitivity were studied and analysed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION : Our study shows that infections in patients with severe acute malnutrition is a common occurrence with gram negative organisms being more than gram positive organisms with E.coli being the most common culprit. As per our study, we recommended that the patients suffering with SAM with associated comorbidities, with high suspicion of sepsis should be started empirically with ceftriaxone or cefotaxime . In case of non improvement , or subtle response vancomycin (if gram positive suspected) or Amikacin (if Gram negative sepsis is suspected) may be added as an additional drug, finally until the blood culture and sensitivity results for the organisms are available.


Milk is easily damaged when handling is poor, so it has a relatively short shelf life. To handle the excess milk production, the most appropriate step is to preserve milk to extend the shelf life through processing, and at the community level the consumption of processed milk is higher than the consumption of fresh milk. This research was conducted in Muara Jaya Village, Sukadana District, East Lampung Regency, from June to August 2016 with Mentari's women farmer group as cooperator. The types of processed goat milk introduced are goat's milk with spice flavoured, goat's milk ice cream with strawberry tasted, goat's milk ice cream with kweni tasted, and goat's milk caramel candy. The products of goat's milk are tested on consumer preference and its counted breakeven price for each kind of product, so it is known how much the price of kind of processed goat's milk if it want to commercialized. Observation parameters included, proximate analysis for fresh goat's milk, consumer acceptance rate and break even price of each kind of product. Observation of consumer acceptance level is done by using hedonic scale (scale 1-5) from 20 panelists and breakeven price is calculated by comparing total production cost with yield produced. The collected data were analyzed statistically and if there was difference of the mean value was continued with DMRT test at 5% level. The results showed that the development of goat's milk preparation is very pospective because goat's milk has high protein content and low fat content so good for health; Processed goat's milk produced introduced by the consumer, with a mean score> 3; The result of break even analysis shows that goat milk processing has prospect to be developed, because the price of its break even point is still reached by consumer that is: Rp.45.500, -/ liter goat's milk spice flavoured;  Rp. 61.267/liter goat's milk ice cream strawberry tasted, Rp.55.933, -/ liter goat's milk ice cream kweni tasted, and Rp. 1.479 /goat's milk caramel candy.


In this study, the researcher discusses the translation strategies of metaphors in the Holy Quran; Surah Al Imran as a sample using the translated version into English by Yusuf Ali. Metaphor is an expression of figurative languages that gives cognition and makes the language looks more aesthetic. This expression is frequently found in the Quran that must be understood carefully because the Quran's meanings are sometimes stated explicitly and sometimes implicitly with a figurative language especially it is the speech of God (Allah). The researcher used the descriptive qualitative method to analyze some strategies that are used to translate these metaphors. The data which have been categorized as metaphor was taken from Surah Al Imran. Moreover, this study had been done through several steps, starting from choosing words, phrases, or sentences that were categorized as metaphor, then providing the verse as well as each translation, then followed by analyzing them, and lastly, gathering them as the discussion. The result of this study showed that there are ten metaphor expressions in the above mentioned Surah. There are two metaphor translation strategies applied in English. English translators utilize translating the metaphor by producing the same image in the target language and converting the metaphor to its sense.


Electron emission is a requirement for most forms of space electric propulsion, as well as many other space applications. For many such missions minimizing system power is critical to the viability of the mission. The generation of electrons requires an amount of power that varies depending on the source (cold cathode and thermionic sources are considered here, not hollow cathode or other sources requiring consumables) but regardless of the source, the electrons must leave as a beam that has sufficient power (velocity) to escape the spacecraft. The space charge limit refers to the maximum current that can cross a gap (the sheath between the spacecraft and the surrounding plasma for example) at a given velocity, and thus is a practical lower bound to the beam power required for a given current. For many systems, especially those using low-power electron sources, this means that power must be added to the electron beam, usually with biased grids. The minimization of this electron beam power requirement is the topic of this paper. Analytic solutions for the space charge limit in simple geometries have been developed up to three dimensions, and these demonstrate some basic performance tradeoffs. Less practical for the analytical approach are more complicated geometries and the addition of spacing and timing factors. These complications, however, can allow significant improvement in the space charge limit. Therefore, using particle-in-cell computer simulations (with the XOOPIC code developed at Berkley), a number of techniques for mitigating the space charge limit have been investigated, ranging from atypical geometries to spatial and chronological phasing of emission. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of some techniques, and the implications for electron emission system design, will be presented here.


ABSTRACT Direct evidence for the use of geophytes in the archaeological record of prehistoric foragers is typically lacking, even though they were often an important resource. Cymopterus bulbosus (springparsley or biscuitroot) is a geophyte that grows in fairly dense patches in areas of high archaeological site densities in the Green River Basin of Wyoming. Analysis of the patch size and distribution, density within patches, root weight, nutritional content, total calories available from the patches, and caloric return rates provides clues to the sustainability of roots of this plant for the prehistoric foragers of the area. This study demonstrates that the large desert pavement patches adjacent to the archaeological sites had the potential to furnish sufficient calories to have been an important influence on prehistoric forager selection of camp locations. It also adds to the growing corpus of information on the economic context of root resources and their use by prehistoric foragers.


The fluctuating wind load was got by using the harmonic wave superposition method to simulate the curve of fluctuating wind and the fluctuating rain load was obtained with the help of M-P rain together with the fluctuating wind velocity.Time history analysis of fluid-structure interaction from cable truss point supporting glass curtain walls was carried out under dynamic wind and rain loads by using ANSYS.The influence of rain load on curtain walls under wind and rain loads was studied.The results show that maximum proportion of rain load on total load increases with wind speed and rain loads.The maximum proportion is 5.8%,while the proportion at the situation of extremum raining is 12.4%.


This study compared the lexical coverage provided by four wordlists [West's (1953) General Service List (GSL), Nation's (2006) most frequent 2,000 British National Corpus word families (BNC2000), Nation's (2012) most frequent 2,000 British National Corpus and Corpus of Contemporary American-English word families (BNC/COCA2000), and Brezina and Gablasova's (2015) New-GSL list] in 18 corpora. The comparison revealed that the headwords in the BNC/COCA2000 tended to provide the greatest average coverage. However, when the coverage of the most frequent 1,000, 1,500, and 1,996 headwords in the lists was compared, the New-GSL provided the highest coverage. The GSL had the worst performance using both criteria. Pedagogical and methodological implications related to second language (L2) vocabulary learning and teaching are discussed in detail.


The basic problems of autofocus in digital holographic microscopy,such as numerical reconstruction algorithms,zero-order spectrum filtering of hologram and focusing evaluation functions,are studied by theoretical analysis and experimental verification.The results show that Fresnel transform algorithm can be used in digital holographic autofocus;zero-order spectrum filtering of hologram leads to unsuccessful focusing evaluation which is based on Fresnel transform algorithm;gray variance function,weighted Fourier spectrum logarithm function and standard deviation correlation function can be effectively applied in the autofocus of digital holographic microscopy.Among these functions,the Fourier spectrum logarithm function is the best focusing evaluation function due to its lowest time cost.Moreover,the focusing evaluation time can be shortened dramatically by using the part of the reconstructed image field as the focusing evaluation area.


The code tracks of a traditional absolute optical encoder are placed radially and the structure is complicated.The presented serial encoding method for an absolute optical encoder is different from the traditional encoding method.The code disk has a single code track where multi-bit binary information can be carried.The exclusive binary number is read by light detectors placed peripherally against the code disk.Absolute positional coordinate is indicated by decoding the binary number in a special look-up table.The serial encoding method can reduce the diameter of the code disk and simplify the optical pattern,in favour of miniaturization and high precision of the absolute encoder.


Summary A study of the uptake of 3 neutron-induced radionuclides (Zn65, Fe59, and Co60) and a 2-month-old mixture of fission products by the clam demonstrated the ability of this marine animal rapidly to concentrate significant quantities of these radionuclides in both the shell and soft tissue. The uptake of radioactive material in the soft tissue is a metabolic incorporation, while the higher uptake by the shell appears to be a surface adsorption phenomenon. Rate of incorporation by the soft tissues was constant and was highest for the rare earth group of fission products. Uptake of Co60, Zn65, and Fe59 was also constant but occurred at a much lower rate. Sr89 and Ru103 106 were taken up only in equilibrium with the radioactive medium in the experimental interval studied. Further study with the radionuclide Co60 indicated that rate of uptake varied as a power function with level of concentration of the radionuclide in the medium. The ability of the clam to concentrate radioelements to a high degree makes it valuable as a biological indicator of radioactivity. It may be particularly useful in assessing contamination of marine areas with low levels of radioactivity.


Aiming to develop more reliable methods for determination of fetal gender from maternal plasma we compared three different systems of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of Y‐chromosome DNA.


Objective To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular oedema (DME) and their associated risk factors in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Methods and analysis We carried out a cross-sectional study from April 2014 to August 2017. We included patients aged ≥18 years. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose of >7.8 mmol/L or 2-hour postload plasma glucose of >11.1 mmol/L. Non-mydriatic fundus examination with a digital-fundus camera was performed. Three images centred in the macula, optic disc and temporal to the macula were obtained and graded according to the Scottish Scale Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy. Results 1232 patients (mean age 51.5 years) with a diabetes duration of 0–5 years were examined. Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted prevalence of DR and DME was 17.4% (95% CI 15.3% to 19.6%) and 6.6% (95% CI 5.4% to 8.2%), respectively. DR was associated with diabetes duration (OR per year=1.20, p<0.001), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from 7.0 to 8.9 (OR=2.19, p<0.001), HbA1c≥9 (OR=2.98, p<0.001) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR=1.16 per 5 mm Hg, p<0.001). DME was associated with diabetes duration (OR per year=1.26, p<0.01), HbA1c from 7.0 to 8.9 (OR=2.26, p<0.05), HbA1c≥9 (OR=2.38, p<0.01), SBP (OR per mm Hg=1.15, p<0.001) and albuminuria (OR=2.45, p<0.01). Conclusion Our study contributes to the evidence of progressive increase in DR and DME risk in early stages of diabetes, supporting the urgent need for early screening.


With the increasing complexity of human lifestyles, the demand for functionalized or high-performance textile materials has seen a steep rise. However, the methods of producing thereof are still creating a negative impact on the environment. Although biomimicry is a possible means of catering for this demand, most of the emerging biomimetic technologies follow an unsustainable path, accentuated only on transferring functionalities of nature, by using chemical-intensive applications. Nevertheless, biomimicry holds promise in sustainable manufacturing, if toxic chemical usage can be reduced while structural applications are increased. This study reviews the possibilities of existing and futuristic textile technologies that could facilitate conscious biomimicking of functional textiles, rather than intense application of chemicals. A total of 283 research articles were initially obtained and screened to review the possibilities of combining biomimetic technologies with textile manufacturing technologies. Prospects of innovative textile technologies and additive manufacturing on the futuristic possibilities of structural mimicking of biological functionalities into textile materials are discussed comprehensively. Possible construction methods, including additive manufacturing and weaving in the micro/nano scale, are suggested for structural mimicking. It is also recommended to unfold the potential of biomimicry in producing functional textiles in order to alleviate the harmful impact already caused to the environment by the textile industry.


Based on the Bingham model and the magnetic physics theory,the working principle of the MR transmission device(MRTD) was studied,the chain model in magnetorheological fluid(MRF) was analyzed,the influence of viscous resistance and centrifugal force for the transmission torque was given,and some properties as well as influencing factors of MRTD were discussed by means of theoretical analysis and experiments.The study results show that a big torque can be transmitted and the MRTD has a good constant-torque characteristic.


Densities, ρ, and speeds of sound, u, have been measured for the binary liquid mixtures of ethylenediamine, (NH2CH2CH2NH2), with 2-methyl-1-propanol, (C4H10O), 2-propanol, (C3H8O), and 1-butanol, (C4H10O), at (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K and viscosities at (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K and a pressure of 0.1 MPa as a function of composition. Furthermore, using the experimental results excess molar volumes, VmE, isentropic compressibilities, κS, deviation in isentropic compressibilities, ΔκS, deviation in speeds of sound, Δu, and viscosity deviations, Δη, have been calculated. The values of VmE, ΔκS, Δu, and Δη were fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation and have been used to discuss the presence of significant interactions between amine and alcohol molecules. The viscosity data have been further used and analyzed in terms of some semiempirical equations.


The loudness summation of a pair of 12‐msec 1000‐Hz tone bursts was investigated as a function of the interburst time interval. The listeners were asked to match the loudness of a third burst to that of the burst pair or of the second burst. Both instructions yielded similar results. In an additional series of experiments, the first tone burst was replaced by a burst of broad‐band noise without materially changing the results. The loudness level plotted as a function of the time interval shows a minimum in the vicinity of 50 msec. At longer time intervals, it increases to a maximum at about 150 msec, then declines asymptotically to zero. The results may be accounted for by a combination of two processes: a linear summation with a time constant of 200 msec and an exponential poststimulatory recovery of neural sensitivity.


We introduce a generalization of the Todd-Coxeter procedure for the enumeration of cosets. The generalized procedure relates to a construction in category theory known as the left Kan extension. It admits of a great variety of applications, including enumerating cosets, computing certain colimits in the category of Sets, and enumerating the arrows in a category given by generators and relations.We begin by defining the notion of a left Kan extension, and giving a number of illustrative examples. We then provide a full specification of the procedure, followed by its application in relation to each of the examples. Finally, we provide a formulation of the procedure in terms of graphs and presentations of actions of graphs (automata) which is more convenient for theoretical purposes.


Introduction - poverty, social exclusion and social polarisation - The need to construct a welfare state, Peter Townsend. Part One International anti-poverty policy: the problems of the Washington consensus - poverty targeting in an international perspective, Tony Atkinson Model or cancer? Social policy in the US - workfare and the American low wage labour market, S.M. Miller, Jeanette E. Markle International efforts to reduce poverty - bridging the divide between rhetoric and action, Donald Lee. Part Two Anti-poverty policies in Europe: A European definition of poverty - the fight against poverty and social exclusion in the member states of the European Union, Bernd Schulte Welfare state solidarity and support - the Czech Republic compared with the Netherlands, Tomas Sirovatka, Wim van Oorschot, Ladislav Rabusic Targeting welfare - on the functions and dysfunctions of means-testing in social policy, Wim van Oorschot Basic income - a European right, Guy Standing The Scandinavian model as a strategy of equality, Joakim Palme Poverty research and anti-poverty policy, Juergen Kohl. Part Three Anti-poverty policies in poor countries: Structural adjustment in Africa and Eastern Europe - social funds - how effective as anti-poverty instruments, Nazneen Kanji Structural adjustment and mass poverty in Ghana, Kwabena Donkor Anti-poverty policies in cities, Jo Beall Falling between two stools - the poor and housing policy in urban India, Sunil Kumar. Part Four Future anti-poverty policies: national and international - Economic globalisation and social progress - the case of the World Bank, Peter Townsend Is global poverty really on the decline - international initiatives in social policy, Jan Vandemoortele Conclusion - how international and national anti-poverty policies can begin to work, Peter Townsend and David Gordon.


A three dimension finite element model was established based on the construction of the underground tunnel crossing street, taking the soil and structure interaction into consideration. Through the numerical simulation analysis on the actual excavation process with umbrella arch method, the displacement and internal force changes of the soil around the underground tunnel, the retaining structure are studied respectively. The results showed that the soil uplift on the bottom of arch and settlement on the top was caused by the excavation of the underground tunnel. This leads to horizontal and vertical displacement and brings secondary stress to the tunnel retaining structure. The excavation of the underground tunnel brings some adverse impact on the safety of the structure under control.


The key theme of the article is the possibility of higher school promotion and developmentof its international relations through the image of the territory where it is located. The authors describe new media in the Internet as the main channel of communication with foreign target audiences for involvement of useful migrants – students, scientists, teachers, the partner companies to Ukhta. That strategy can contribute much to formation of the attractive image of the city.


To recommend one suitable tool material for the cutting of marine steels under special conditions and requirements in emergency rescues of capsized steel ships, the cermet tools, cemented carbide tools and coated carbide tools were evaluated using a fuzzy evaluation method concerning cutting force, cutting temperature, surface roughness and tool wear. Experimental results indicate that the tool cutting performance was diverse and difficult to evaluate with a single evaluation index. The cemented carbide tools presented bad cutting performance with severe wear. Compared with the cemented carbide tools, the cermet tools showed excellent wear resistance with about 60.3% smaller tool flank wear value and good surface quality with about 46.8% smaller surface roughness. The coated carbide tools presented low cutting temperatures about 15.6% smaller than those of the cermet tools. The result of fuzzy evaluation demonstrates that the cermet tools presented the best cutting performance, followed by the coated carbide tools, and then the cemented carbide tools. The cermet tools are recommended to cut marine steels in emergency rescues of capsized steel ships.


Drama, both as an artwork and as a micro cosmos, is built on 'the meaning (idea) '.The meaning for human consciousness cannot be considered independent of space-time. Therefore, the art of drama is open to all kinds of speculation about the phenomenon of time. In order to understand the structure of the cosmos, we make observations, experiments and analyses and produce theories by means of science and philosophy and at the end of these theories we get some explanations and concepts; such as paradoxes, entropy and big bang. In this study, a speculative approach is tried to be brought to the story of Oedipus by making use of scientific interpretations of concepts such as time, entropy and big bang. The history of the Oedipus has a beginning that expresses "the absolute order". This beginning reminds us of the universe before the big bang. With the realization of a prophecy, this "absolute order" will evolve into chaos, and the destruction of Oedipus will begin over a long period; just like the continuous expansion of the universe, the increase of disorder, namely entropy, a theory of physics. In the fictional universe of Oedipus, the restoration of order can only be achieved by the death of Oedipus. The situation is the same in the universe we live in: For the end of chaos and the establishment of the absolute order, all the matter that constitutes the universe must be collected into a single point, which means that the universe returns to its starting point.


Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 and Bi4Ti3O,2 thin films have been prepared on Pt and Si at low temperature of 400-550 °C by laser ablation method using an ArF excimer laser. Crystallographic properties of these films deposited at various substrate temperatures,laser frequencies and oxygen gas pressures are characterized. Depth profile of Xray photoelectron spectra reveales a homogeneous composition but Bi oxidation is not satisfactory. Electrical properties of Bi,Ti3O12 films on SiO2/Si such as J-V and C-T characteristics are good. C-V hysteresis loop for SrBi2Ta2O9 and Bi4Ti3O,2 films on SiO2/Si and D-E hysteresis loop of Bi,Ti3O12 film on Pt and Si are obtained


Results of the investigation of highly alloyed titanium alloys melting by means of the'EBSM with the EMS, including alloys based on intermetallic compounds TiAl and TiNi and alloys containing highly volatile component Al, are presented. The possibility of an efficient alloying of melt in the course of melting is shown. Mechanical (including high temperature) properties of alloys produced at the EBSM with the EMS, as well as their chemical content are described. Comparative analysis of the EBMS with the EMS and the vacuum arc skull melting is performed. key words: titanium, electron, beam, skull, melting '


Presentation by Barry Tennison to the South East and South West Public Health Network Learning Set on 28th January 2004.


This paper deals with the problem of robust H∞ output feedback control for uncertain systems with Markovian jumping parameters and mode-dependent distributed delays.The distributed delay appears in both the state and measurement equations,and the time delay is dependent on the mode which is a Markov process taking values in a finite set.Based on linear matrix inequality(LMI) approach,a sufficient condition is obtained which guarantees the closed-loop system to be robustly stochastically stable and satisfies a prescribed H∞ performance level.A sufficient condition for the existence of the output feedback controller is proposed.The controller parameters are obtained by solving LMI and applying cone complementarity linearization algorithm(CCL).A numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.


The syntactic formula that we study was highly prevalent among the Latin poets. The Neo-Latin poets inherited it, and the Spanish, in their Romance language, cultivated it up until the very threshold of the present. This formula seeks to emphaticallyhighlight the inmortality of a person, or above all, of a poetic work. There are, however, other contents, which are noted in the study.This channel of temporal expression is no more than a modest element of the imitatio.


Traffic jam makes cities less pleasant for living and it also decreases traffic efficiency whereas travel time, fuel consumption and drivers' stress are increased. A special problem is its influence on people's health caused by emission of exhaust gases. Emission of pollutants originating from mobile sources is primarily conditioned by a level of technologies applied to the vehicle, vehicle's technical state, traffic intensity, traffic density, local climate conditions, etc. Air pollution due to use of motor vehicles is becoming one of the major problems in urban areas across the world. With the increase of the number of motor vehicles and traffic intensification, the influence of exhaust gases on human environment also has increased. Considering the average age of the vehicles participating in traffic in the city of Kragujevac and the traffic capacity of traffic arteries, most frequently not designed for such a large number of vehicles concentrated at the core of the city, it is to be expected that the air pollution coming from mobile sources will become a problem that requires detailed analysis. For that purpose, a detailed statistical analysis of the vehicle fleet of the city of Kragujevac is conducted. An estimation of the influence of the vehicles on the air pollution in the city of Kragujevac, has been given in the paper.


This paper presents the design and simulation of a grid interface system for a DG (distributed generator) source. The grid interface is realized by a three phase VSI (voltage source Inverter). The control scheme employed for the grid interface is based on generalized pq theory. The proposed control scheme will work even when the grid voltage is highly distorted. The design of the magnetics used in the grid interface is also presented. The proposed control scheme is validated for injecting real power to the grid from a DG source by simulation in MATLAB SIMULINK environment. The results show that the proposed control scheme is an attractive solution for grid interface of DG sources like PV, fuel cells and wind driven PMSG.


Several studies have investigated the relationship between experience measured by caseload and oncological outcomes, economics, and access to care for prostate cancer care. Oncological outcomes have been limited to biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy. Questions remain regarding the more definitive measures of outcomes and their relationship with caseload.


A method of single ion implantation based on the online detection of individual ion impacts on a pure silicon substrate has been implemented in a focused ion beam (FIB) system. The optimized silicon detector integrated with a state-of-art low noise electronic system and operated at a low temperature makes it possible to achieve single ion detection with a minimum energy detection limit about 1 to 3.5 keV in a FIB chamber. The method of single ion implantation is compatible with a nanofabrication process. The lateral positioning of the implantation sites are controlled to nanometer accuracy (~5 nm) using nanofabricated PMMA masks. The implantation depth is controlled by tuning the single ion energy to a certain energy level (5-30 keV). The system has been successfully tested in the detection of 30 keV Si+ single ions. The counting of single ion implantation in each site is achieved by the detection of e-h pairs (an outcome of ionization energy) produced by the ion-solid interaction; each 30 keV Si+ ion implanting through a 5 nm SiO2 surface layer and stopping at a pure silicon substrate produces an average ionization energy about 7.0 keV. A further development for improving a detection limit down to less than 1 keV in FIB for low energy phosphorus implantation and detection is outlined. Fabrication of nanometer-scaled phosphorus arrays for the application of qubits construction is discussed.


Talent management has gained wide popularity among the practitioner community because it has been identified by them and the consultants as a source of producing necessary capability differentials to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The majority of organizations practice the 'exclusive' approach to talent management, where organizations identify a limited percentage as talented employees resulting in dissatisfaction among the majority of employees. This, is contrary to the expectations of the main concept of talent management, and it has negatively influenced firms' aim of gaining competitive advantage. As such the purpose of this study is to look at 'How viable is talent management as a management practice in generating results for organizations in the long run?' The findings of this study would enlighten the managers about the unnoticed consequences of adopting the practice of talent management from a 'short term shareholder approach' ,rather than considering the wider interests of the other stakeholders as proposed in the stakeholder theory. In addition, it will also become an eye opener for the managers to not only focus on the interests of the managers in adopting business practices, but also that they need to have a balanced look at performance considering multiple stakeholders of all other activities of the business. Accordingly, this concern of considering the interests of multiple stakeholders, proposed based on the stakeholder theory of this study, is a new perspective than what had been considered by managers of organizations in adopting practices such as talent management.


High pressure binary vapor-liquid equilibria of carbon dioxide-tetralin system is investigated by using circulation type experimental apparatus which adopt microsampling technique with expended volume measuring system. The apparatus with this analyzing technique was tested by comparing the measured vapor-liquid equilibrium data of carbon dioxide-tetralin at 344.2K with those of Prausnitz et al. The binary phase equililbrium data of carbon dioxide-tetralin was obtained at temperatures of 313.2K and 373.2K in addition to that of 344.2K and pressure from 5-6MPa to near mixture critical pressure. The mixture density data are also obtained by calibrating the accurate volume of sampling loops. The solubility of carbon dioxide in liquid phase decreases and the solubility of tetralin in vapor phase increases as the temperatures increases at constant pressure.


Abstract We examined trends over six consecutive spring seasons in three "spring annual" herbs, Myosurus minimus subsp. novae‐zelandiae (Ranunculaceae), Ceratocephalapungens (Ranunculaceae), and Myosotis pygmaea var. minutiflora (Boraginaceae), in terms of their habitats and site land uses in several rare, non‐forest ecosystems. On dry hillslopes, saline soils, and turfs of ephemeral wetlands (including coastal turfs), Ceratocephala and Myosotis declined where sites were managed for conservation by removal of mammalian herbivores. Some populations of Myosurus declined only marginally or remained stable despite high cover of ruderal and weedy, herbaceous exotic plants. Loss of monitored populations during the study was offset by discoveries of additional populations of all three taxa. Statistical models of population trends suggest that in some instances spring annual populations benefit from farm animal and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus) disturbance of their habitats perhaps by 1) suppressing transitions to taller vegetation and retarding competition of invasive exotic plants and 2) maintaining nutrient supplementation from faeces lost with the extinction of ground‐dwelling birds. Frequent seeds of all three taxa preserved in moa coprolites from several sites in Central Otago point to 1) the herbs' probable non‐rarity in pre‐human times and 2) dispersal mutualisms and mediation of community ground cover by extinct ratites.


The energy management system is executed in microgrids for optimal integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the power distribution grids. To this end, various strategies have been more focused on cost reduction, whereas effectively both economic and technical indices/factors have to be considered simultaneously. Therefore, in this paper, a two-layer optimization model is proposed to minimize the operation costs, voltage fluctuations, and power losses of smart microgrids. In the outer-layer, the size and capacity of DERs including renewable energy sources (RES), electric vehicles (EV) charging stations and energy storage systems (ESS), are obtained simultaneously. The inner-layer corresponds to the scheduled operation of EVs and ESSs using an integrated coordination model (ICM). The ICM is a fuzzy interface that has been adopted to address the multi-objectivity of the cost function developed based on hourly demand response, state of charges of EVs and ESS, and electricity price. Demand response is implemented in the ICM to investigate the effect of time-of-use electricity prices on optimal energy management. To solve the optimization problem and load-flow equations, hybrid genetic algorithm (GA)-particle swarm optimization (PSO) and backward-forward sweep algorithms are deployed, respectively. One-day simulation results confirm that the proposed model can reduce the power loss, voltage fluctuations and electricity supply cost by 51%, 40.77%, and 55.21%, respectively, which can considerably improve power system stability and energy efficiency.


With ternary Ni-40at%Co-X alloys the solid-solution hardening (ssh) due to solutes X of transition-metal group (TM) elements like Ta and Nb and of B-subgroup (B) ones like Sn and Al was investigated. The results were compared with the previous study on the ssh of pure Ni. The value of ssh, Δσ, for a solute X in the Ni-Co alloy is greater than that for X in pure Ni. This increase in Δσ, however, is not explicable in terms of the changes in size-misfit and shear modulus with alloying Co in Ni solvent because these changes are not so great. Instead, for the ssh normalized by the size-misfit, there found a trend of it being greater in the order of the alloy group (A) of Ni-X making a continuous solid solution, the group (B) of Ni-X having a solid solubility, and the group (C) of Ni-Co-X having a smaller solid solubility than that for the group B. This suggests that the increase in the normalized ssh for the Ni-Co-X alloy might be deeply related with the reduction in solid solubility due to the addition of Co. A probable reason for this has been discussed.


Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC and Delhi Metro-Rail System (DMRS) are two important public transport systems in Delhi. The DMRS has been attractive in respect to ridership but in 2015 it has shown a decrease in its ridership. It has also been found that ridership of the bus service, the most important public transport system for the poor in Delhi, has decreased over time whereas the numbers of private vehicles have recorded phenomenal increase resulting in traffic congestions and pollution problems in the city. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of the fear of crimes along with other reasons for decreasing trends in the usage of public transport in Delhi. The study is based on people opinion and perception for which 350 persons were interviewed with the structured questionnaire from ten transit places having varied socio-economic conditions. Fear of crimes within buses/coaches is considered an important reason for not using public transport in western countries but as per this study, the same is not true in the case of Delhi. Role of fear of crimes along with other factors was verified with the spearman's correlation coefficient. The weak negative correlation has been found between the preference to public bus services and the fear of crimes; the crowing; the unavailability. It indicates that along with these other factors are equally responsible for the choice of public transports in Delhi.


We introduce a general notion of twistorial map and classify twistorial harmonic morphisms with one-dimensional fibres from self-dual four-manifolds. Such maps can be characterised as those which pull back Abelian monopoles to self-dual connections. In fact, the constructions involve solving a generalised monopole equation, and also the Beltrami fields equation of hydrodynamics, and lead to constructions of self-dual metrics.


The exhaust of excessively high heat and particle fluxes on the divertor target is crucial for EAST long-pulse operation. In the recent EAST experiments, stable partial energy detachment around the upper outer strike point with H 98,y2 ∼ 1 was achieved with either Ne or Ar seeding from the upper outer divetor target in the upper single null configuration with ITER-like tungsten divertor. With either Ar or Ne seeding, the electron temperature around the upper outer strike point (T et,UOSP) was maintained at around 5 eV, the peak temperature of divertor target surface around the upper outer strike point (T div,UO) decreased significantly, and material sputtering was well suppressed. It was observed that there was less Ar seeding needed for partial energy detachment onset than Ne seeding, which shows that Ar is more efficient in the cooling of T et on the upper outer divertor than Ne. However, there was no detachment on the upper inner divertor with T et around strike point (T et,UISP) remaining >10 eV with either Ar or Ne seeding from the upper outer divertor. Accompanied with the disappearance of double peak phenomenon of ion flux density on the upper inner divertor target (j s,UI), the peak T div,UI around the strike point increased to around 300 °C. Although the heat flux on the upper inner divertor target (q t,UI) is still in the acceptable level, either Ar or Ne seeding only from the upper outer divertor target is not enough to protect the upper inner divertor target from sputtering under current EAST conditions. On the other hand, Ar seeding always causes confinement degradation in the partial energy detachment state. It was observed that there is a slight confinement improvement (∼10%) with Ne seeding, which may be due to density peaking, dilution effects and stabilization of the ion temperature gradient mode.


of " Noisy Stabilized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky: A model for studying state selection in far from equilibrium systems " by Dina N. Obeid, Ph.D., Brown University, May 2011 In this thesis we address the question of pattern selection in spatially extended systems in the presence of stochastic noise. As a model equation, we study the 1D stabilized Kuramoto Sivashinsky equation with additive uncorrelated stochastic noise. This equation is one of the simplest nonlinear equations that has a variety of secondary and even tertiary instabilities. We focus our attention on static stationary states that are stable against the Eckhaus secondary instability. In the presence of noise the Eckhaus stable band of the deterministic equation collapses to a narrow region near the center of the band. This is consistent with the behavior of the phase diffusion constants of these states. Some connections to the phenomenon of state selection in driven out of equilibrium systems are made.


The environment today is an increasingly important area of interest, and regulation in the world, and also in Republic of Serbia. Looking at the Acquis (Acquis Communituire) states that must be adopted and put into national legislation, all activities, environmental protection is one of the most extensive, most complex and demanding investment. The environmental significance of a growing number and variety of preventive measures and actions of different entities, which is natural because, as a rule, the damage to the environment or its individual segments in most cases, irreparable or only partially recoverable, which raises serious the possibility of sustainable development. In this paper, attention is paid to principles of law of environment: principles of prevention, precaution, environmental expertise and polluter pays principle as well as damages. Special attention is paid to the principle of prevention as one of the basic principles of environmental law and its practical implications in assessing environmental impacts of projects, plans and platforms in the Republic of Serbia and responsibility for not taking the necessary preventive measures and the detrimental consequences in the environment at national level, and also at EU level.


The need for early software evaluation has increased interest in host-compiled or source-level simulation techniques. For accurate real-time performance evaluation, dynamic cache effects have to be considered in this process. However, in the context of coarse-grained simulation, fast yet accurate modeling of complex multi-core cache hierarchies poses several challenges. In this paper, we present a novel generic multi-core cache modeling approach that incorporates accurate reordering in the presence of coarse-grained temporal decoupling. Our results show that our reordering approach is as accurate as a fine-grained simulation while maintaining almost the full performance benefits of a temporally decoupled simulation.


A method is described for isolating purified nuclei from rat heart and kidney and RNA polymerase has been measured in Mg2+, KG and Mn2+, (NH2SO* media of relatively low ionic strength. Two weeks following adrenalectomy, in heart nuclei, Mg2+-activated RNA polymerase had fallen to 60% and the Mn2+- activated enzyme to 77% of sham-operated 'normal' values. In kidney nuclei the Mg2+-activated enzyme fell to 68% and the Mn2+-activated enzyme to 69% of normal values. Following administration of aldosterone (5 \ig per 100 g) to adrenalectomized rats the Mg2+-activated RNA polymerase, in heart nuclei, increased in 2-3 hours to 105% and the Mn2+-activated enzyme to 123% of normal values. In kidney nuclei from adrenalectomized rats no effect was seen for two hours after aldosterone administration, but by 3 hours the Mg2+-activated enzyme was restored to 117% and the Mn2+-activated enzyme to 107% of normal values. Corticosterone (250 n-g per 100 g) had no effect on heart or kidney RNA polymerase activity in adrenal...


The thesis deals with the issue of formation a new medical facility in the field of optics and optometry and situates the medical facility in the Highlands region. The first part of the thesis focuses on important elements of the business plan with the main focus on marketing and business strategy and states the different ways of analyzing competition. The field of optometry i also descibed in this section. In the second part the business plan for the creati-on of a new medical facility in the field of optics and optometry is developed. This section also descibes the important steps that must be done before starting a business, furthermore the costs are quantified and the financial analysis is made in this part.


Formulas a = 0.3×2 + 0.4 (version 1) a = 0.3×2 + 0.4 (version 2) Author's version (2015): a = 0.3×2 + 0.4−0.1n×2 + 0.003n (version 3) Note The relative error of versions 1 and 2 (both formulas are equivalent) is less than 20% for 7 planets, while the relative error of version 3 is less than 20% for 8 planets. The following table shows the data produced by each version. The relative error corresponding to the data shown in red is greater than 20%.


A three-level pull supply chain composed by a manufacturer, a distributor and a retailer is considered to making use of the supply chain management coordination mechanism with options contract. Two models are proposed respectively. One is a supply management mechanism without applying options contract. The other is that with applying options contract. To the two models, corresponding analysis and calculation example are given. The conclusion is presented that the expected total profit with options is more than the other.


The main functions and powers of the Bulgarian Prosecutor's Office are regulated in the Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria (CRB), the Judicial Systems Act (JSA), the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC), as well as other laws imposing obligations on prosecutors in the field of law enforcement.


Let a set of objects exist each of which is described by N features X1? ..., XN, where each feature X} is a real number. So each object is set by N-dimensional vector (Xl5 ..., XN) and represents a point in the space of object descriptions, RN. There are also set objects for which degrees of membership in either class are unknown. A decision rule should be determined that could enable estimation of the membership of either object with unknown degrees of membership in the given classes (Ozols and Borisov, 1996). To determine the decision rule, such features should be found which give a possibility to distinguish objects belonging to different classes, i.e. features that are specific for each class. That is why a subtask of estimation of the efficiency of features should be solved. A function 5 should be determined which could enable estimation of the efficiency of both separate features and of features groups. Thus, the task is reduced to the determination of a number of features from set N that will best describe groups of objects and will enable possibly correct recognition of the object's membership in a class.


Campylobacter rectus was isolated under routine anaerobic conditions (no additional hydrogen gas in the atmosphere) from an oral, nonperiodontal abscess from a patient with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. We report the first case of a palate abscess caused by C. rectus and review the literature and atmospheric requirements of this organism.


This essay mainly introduces the modular programming of UPS,the self-testing parametric set-up programming of the microprocessor,the bus architecture,the adaptive frequency pulsewidth modulation,continuous switchover and the potent technology.The future direction of the UPS is also described here.


Although it is obvious that the essential condition of anaesthesia is one in which chloroform is associated with the cells of the body, and among these the cells of the central nervous system, the gradual storing-up of the drug must depend upon the supply available in the blood, the red corpuscles of which are, as we have shown, the chief agents for the transport of chloroform either from or to the pulmonary alveoli. A definite threshold-value for the percentage of chloroform in arterial blood must be reached in order that anaesthesia shall occur, and the state be maintained. The drug, as Tissot, Nicloux, and ourselves have found, is eliminated at first rapidly, and subsequently more slowly, on the cessation of the administration of chloroform. During anaesthesia the drug does not simply accumulate, since the processes of intake and output go on side by side. Though chloroform is eliminated at first with great rapidity, the last traces of the drug take a long time to slowly leak out of the tissues, but apart from this fact the elimination of a high percentage of chloroform in the blood takes place nearly as rapidly, and perhaps at times even as rapidly, as the assumption of a high percentage.


The article studies M. Prishvin's and A. Lossev's views on the process of changing of public consciousness after the October overturn of 1917. The author analyses the changes in the meaning and sense of words under the influence of the revolutionary ideology, and the transformation of linguistic rules of communication followed by the shifts in the people's relations and world-outlook.


Traditional ad hoc routing protocols do not work in intermittently connected networks since end-to-end paths may not exist in such networks. Hence, routing mechanisms that can withstand disruptions need to he designed. A store-and-forward approach has been proposed for disruption tolerant networks. Recently, several approaches have been proposed for unicast routing in disruption-prone networks e.g. the 2-hop relay approach, delivery probability based routing, and message ferrying. In our earlier paper, we have evaluated a combined multihop and message ferrying approach in disruption tolerant networks. In that paper, we assume that a special node is designated to be a message ferry. A more flexible approach is to let regular nodes volunteer to be message ferries when network dynamics mandate the presence of such ferries to ensure communications. Thus, in this paper, we design a node-density based adaptive routing (NDBAR) scheme that allows regular nodes to volunteer to be message ferries when there are very few nodes around them to ensure the feasibility of continued communications. Our simulation results indicate that our NDBAR scheme can achieve the highest delivery ratio in very sparse networks that are prone to frequent disruptions


A Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) is a theory to measure how far users accept technology. This paper presents Venkatesh's theoretical framework and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2), which UTAUT extended. UTAUT2 was used to assess the user's acceptance of the Kinetic Magic Cursor (KMC). UTAUT's theoretical framework has eight dimensions to predict behavioral intention in using technology. These dimensions of the UTAUT2 consist of performance expectation, social influence, hedonic motivation, effort expectancy, facilitating condition, habit, price value, and behavioral intentions. This study aimed to analyze the UTAUT2 by the genders among undergraduate students in Taiwan. UTAUT2 was used as a theoretical framework and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with expert choice 11.5 to analyze the data. The study found no significant difference between female and male students in using technology. The validity of structure for male and female student performance in KMC has a slightly similar percentage in the effort expectancy and behavioral intentions; males were 17.7% and 13.1%, and females were 17.6% and 13.4%, respectively.


Communication satisfaction is an important antecedent to significant work outcomes. Therefore, this study examines how organizational practices influence the communication satisfaction of lodging managers. The results showed a strong correlation between organizational practices that deal with language barriers and the communication satisfaction of the managers. Management awareness and encouragement to improve English skills were independently correlated with communication satisfaction. However, translation of documents and translation by coworkers alone were not correlated with communication satisfaction. This was significant because the results showed that the majority (62.8%) of managers rely on a translator, typically a bilingual employee, to communicate for them. More than half of the respondents (53.5%) reported that top management has paid attention to language barriers in the workplace. In fact, 46.5% stated that their company encourages employees with limited-language skills to improve by offering English at work programs.


A KEY TO THE SOVIET APPROACH TO THE PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE TRAFFIC PROBLEM LIES IN THE BOLSHEVIK BELIEF THAT THE CAPITALIST, FREE-MARKET RESPONSE TO THE AUTOMOBILE HAS BEEN UNSCIENTIFIC, EVEN IRRATIONAL. WHEN KHRUSHCHEV TOURED THE UNITED STATES, THE MORNING HE LEFT SAN FRANCISCO HE WAS ESCORTED TO THE AIRPORT BY WAY OF THE SAN FRANCISCO FREEWAY. THEY WERE BUCKING THE INCOMING MORNING RUSH-HOUR TRAFFIC. KHRUSCHEV WATCHED THE STREAM OF INDIVIDUAL CARS GO BY WITH GENERALLY ONE PASSENGER PER CAR, AND FINALLY EXCLAIMED THAT IT WAS IRRATIONAL. KHRUSHCHEV DECIDED TO ESTABLISH IN THE U.S.S.R. A SYSTEM FOR THE USE OF AUTOMOBILES THAT WILL DIFFER FROM THE ONE IN CAPITALIST COUNTRIES. IT TURNED OUT THAT WHAT KHRUSHCHEV HAD IN MIND WAS A KIND OF MUNICIPAL RENT-A-CAR SERVICE, UNDER WHICH EACH CITY WOULD HAVE A FLEET OF AUTOMOBILES ITS CITIZENS COULD RENT FOR VACATION OR WEEKEND TRIPS. SINCE THE SOVIET UNION HAS ROUGHLY ONE PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE FOR EVERY 230 PEOPLE, THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AMERICAN AND SOVIET AUTOMOBILE VOLUME IS OF THE ORDER OF 100 TO 1. SIX FUNCTIONS ARE IDENTIFIED THAT ARE PERFORMED BY THE PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE. FIRST, A CAR IS A TIME-SAVER IN GETTING TO AND FROM WORK. SECONDLY, DOOR-TO- DOOR MOVEMENT BY CAR ELIMINATES THE DISCOMFORTS OF WINTER COLD AND SNOW, SUMMER HEAT AND DUST, AND THE RAINS AND MUD THAT MARK THE INTERVENING SEASONS. THE PRESENT GENERATION OF RUSSIANS IS PERHAPS TOUGHER IN ACCEPTING THESE INCONVENIENCES THAN WE HAVE BECOME. THE SOVIET CONSUMER- GOODS SHORTAGES LEADS THE REGIME TO SEE INDIVIDUAL CARS AS POTENTIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR FLAGRANTLY ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, THIS PECULAIRLY SOVIET ASPECT OF THE PROBLEM MUST FIGURE HEAVILY WITH OFFICIAL POLICIES TOWARD AUTOMOBILE USE. THE CAR AS A STATUS SYMBOL IS WELL KNOWN IN THE WEST. CAN THE NEW SOVIET MAN BE DISABUSED OF THIS MOTIVATION{ PASSENGER CARS ALSO PROVIDE UNCHAPERONED PRIVACY FOR BOYS AND GIRLS, OR MEN AND WOMEN AND THIS FUNCTION MAY WELL HAVE SPECIAL IMPORTANCE FOR SOVIET URBAN CITIZENS WHO STILL FACE EXTREMELY CROWDED LIVING CONDITIONS. FINALLY THERE IS THE ROLE OF THE INDIVIDUAL PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE IN PROVIDING UNREGULATED MOBILITY TO ITS OWNER. IT IS, THEREFORE, DIFFICULT TO CONFINE INDIVIDUALS TO OFFICIALLY SANCTIONED USES OF THE AUTOMOBILE. THEY MAY BE INNOCUOUS RATHER THAN SINISTER, HOWEVER, THE POINT IS THAT THEY ARE UNORGANIZED. THUS ONE CAN FORESEE A SILENT CONTEST BETWEEN IDEALOGIES VISUALIZING A RATIONAL FUTURE AND CITIZENS THIRSTING FOR PERSONAL CARS.


Garey and Johxon have proved that the problem to determine the crossing number of graphs is NP-complete.Because of its difficulty,we only know the crossing number of some classes of special graphs.The crossing number of Cartesian products of paths and cycles with 5-vertex graphs are mostly known,but only few cartesian products of 5-vertex graphs with star K1,n are known.In this paper,we extend these results,and determine the crossing numbers of Cartesian products of two 5-vertex graphs with star K1,n.


The wall temperature field on the condenser section of an AGHP (Axial Grooved Heat Pipe) is measured by infrared thermal imaging technology, and the temperature field information on condenser wall is obtained in the horizontal and vertical working conditions and different temperature conditions. In accordance with the temperature field, Combination of the interaction characteristics between vapor-liquid two-phase annular flow, and by calculating, the accuracy to predict the outcome on non-condensable gas region is verified. Based on the distance to evaporator outlet, the condenser of the AGHP is divided into four regions for analysis. The zone I is closest to evaporator outlet and zone IV is located at the end of condenser. There are different characteristics in 4 zones for the AGHP with different vacuum degree and working conditions. On the conditions of horizontal working status, for the high vacuum AGHP, steadily working region, small fluctuations region, large fluctuations region and temperature recovery region will appear in turn. However for the low vacuum one, the single temperature fluctuation region and a linear decline region come forth followed by the abnormal increase region and steadily working region. Recurring to the analysis of wall temperature information, the characteristics of two-phase vapor-liquid phase change heat transfer and capillary driven flow inner the AGHPs can be discerned qualitatively or semi-quantitatively and some of the laws, Such as vacuum degree, two-phase flow instability are conjectured. The research content in this paper will redound to understanding inner working mechanism for an AGHP or a small heat pipe, and at the same time, provide theory evidences for heat pipe testing in the service of mass production.© 2009 ASME


Two methods for the roentgenologic detection of asymptomatic gastric cancer, as found on 31,895 examinations, have been employed and compared. With the fluoroscopic method, 12 tumors were detected in 5,020 studies. Of these, three proved to be malignant. All patients are living and well after five years. With the photofluorographic method, 26,875 examinations were made and 48 major abnormal findings noted; 4 were diagnosed as cancer. Both methods revealed the expected number of tumor suspects. The authors, however, have developed a distinct preference for the fluoroscopic method and deem its further use advisable. Radiation exposure for patients and examiners need not constitute a hazard in either method.


KARIM SABBAGH ROMAN FRIEDRICH BAHJAT EL-DARWICHE MILIND SINGH ALEX KOSTER Booz & Company Digitization—the mass adoption of connected digital services by consumers, enterprises, and governments— has emerged in recent years as a key economic driver that accelerates growth and facilitates job creation. In the current environment of a sluggish global economy, digitization can play an important role in assisting policymakers to spur economic growth and employment. Booz & Company's econometric analysis estimates that, despite the unfavorable global economic climate, digitization provided a US$193 billion boost to world economic output and created 6 million jobs globally in 2011.1 However, the impact of digitization by country and by sector is uneven. Developed economies enjoy higher economic growth benefits by a factor of almost 25 percent, although they tend to lag behind emerging economies in job creation by a similar margin. The main reason for the differing effects of digitization is the economic structures of developed and emerging economies. Developed countries rely chiefly on domestic consumption, which makes nontradable sectors important. Across developed economies, digitization improves productivity and has a measurable effect on growth. However, the result can be job losses because lower-skill, lower-value-added work is sent abroad to emerging markets, where labor is cheaper. By contrast, emerging markets are more export-oriented and driven by tradable sectors. They tend to gain more from digitization's effect on employment than from its influence on growth. Policymakers can harness these varying effects of digitization through three main measures, which go beyond their current roles of setting policy and regulations. First, they should create digitization plans for targeted sectors in which they wish to maximize the impact of digitization. Second, they should encourage the development of the necessary capabilities and enablers to achieve these digitization plans. Finally, policymakers should work in concert with industry, consumers, and government agencies to establish an inclusive information and communication technologies (ICT) ecosystem that encourages greater uptake and usage of digital services.


The GT24 and GT26 are the latest in a series of gas turbines from ABB. The GT24 is a 60 Hz, 183 MW turbine, while the GT26 is its (scaled) 50 Hz equivalent, producing 265 MW. They feature a 22 stage controlled diffusion aerofoil compressor, two combustors separated by a single stage high pressure turbine with a four stage low pressure (LP) turbine following the second combustor. This arrangement permits very high efficiencies while avoiding high temperatures and the need to use new, expensive materials.The first GT24 was delivered to Jersey Central Power and Light, Gilbert, New Jersey, USA, at the end of 1995 and achieved baseload operation in May 1996. The engine was highly instrumented with some 1200 measurement points to evaluate component performance. Subsequently, a through-flow datamatch to the design point data was made for the LP turbine and is compared to a full 3D multistage analysis in this paper. The 3D analysis accounts for all the cooling and leakage flows that enter the turbine flowpath and maintains a steady flow calculation by means of interface planes between each blade row that remove any circumferential non-uniformity from the computational flow field. To complement this aerodynamic analysis, some heat transfer results from the ABB GT26 test facility in Birr, Switzerland are also shown.The paper demonstrates how component technology for the first stage was verified at four universities and research centers concurrently with the design process. This experimental data supplemented the existing databases and engendered confidence in the overall aero/thermal design approach.Copyright © 1998 by ASME


According to Eva Dodsworth, geographic information systems (GIS) can be defined as "a social, organizational and communication tool" (p. xi). The author indicates that her goal with this book is to provide readers with mapping knowledge and technology and teaching skills. Dodsworth provides a companion website to this text that provides additional resources and hands-on tutorials.

While the potential use of GIS in a health or medical library setting will become apparent to most readers, it is also obvious that the use of GIS is not a quick undertaking. If you decide to take on a GIS project, you will need to outline your project, learn and play with the selected GIS program, and create your finished project. This is not written to scare you, but rather to reinforce the fact that time will be invested in a GIS project. The author takes the time in the first chapter to give a quick history of the development of cartography from traditional use to incorporation into the classroom, social media, literature, and libraries.

Dodsworth introduces the statement that GIS is a skill that library staff needs to know to help their patrons as well as incorporate into library services and programs. She follows this up with examples of libraries using Google Earth for various library purposes and examples of how users are using GIS in their personal or professional lives. The reader progresses from the introduction of mapping and applications, to an entire chapter of hands-on tutorials that give step-by-step screen capture illustrations. She introduces and explains static maps, and these explanations are helpful for determining how and when to start a GIS project.

Dodsworth also details what GIS data are and how to take existing library collections and turn them into geoprojects. She provides multiple examples of library projects and specific tools that were used to create the mapping. She concludes with presenting the need not only to put GIS in the library, but to have workshops for patrons and staff. She also advocates for the need to include this skill in library school programs for future librarians.

Throughout the book, screen captures reinforce examples of geoprojects as well as the tutorials. Dodsworth provides references, some quite extensive, at the end of each chapter to broaden the breadth of resources presented in the book. She also provides a glossary of terms that is quite helpful in understanding new or unfamiliar terminology. Another useful feature is the use of boxes to enclose and define new terms. This work will become a well-used reference for the GIS library user.


Tangier disease is a rare inherited autosomal recessive genetic dyslipaemia, caused by muta- tions of the gene that codes ABCA1. In the absence of this cholesterol transporter, there is a pathological accumulation of lipids which creates an authentic cholesterol thesaurismosis. At cardiovascular level, the association of this syndrome with early atherosclerosis is well known. Furthermore, cholesterol deposits can alter valve structure and function, with var- ying clinical severity and repercussions. We present a case of Tangier Disease with extensive cardiovascular involvement in the form of an ischaemic heart and valve disease.


Given the emphasis on high stakes assessment prevalent in many contemporary classrooms, the powerful nature of questioning is often overlooked. Pertinent issues such as the nature and intention of the questions used in instructional settings, as well as the use of strategies used by the teacher in asking and eliciting responses to create meaningful dialog in the classrooms are central to an effective learning environment. This position paper addresses various types of questions and the importance of their use in today's classrooms. In addition, it offers examples of quality questioning strategies. Position on Questioning In today's world teachers face ever-increasing pressures, particularly within assessment-driven classrooms, to create a learning environment that is both efficient and effective (Trinkle, 2009). Without a deliberate plan to use questions as a learning tool, we believe teachers miss a powerful opportunity to create the type of dynamic and interactive dialog that promotes an environment in which students actively analyze and process information to answer good questions. By using a diversity of questions for different purposes, teachers can extend and enrich high level, critical thinking and learning naturally within their classrooms. Teachers can vary the types of questions posed to students in order to individualize instruction, adapting questions based on the depth of thinking required for a student to respond. Higher level questioning and thinking predicate the manipulation of information and ideas which, in turn, provide an opportunity to develop new ideas and understandings (The State of Queensland Department of Education, 2004). The questions asked by teachers and student performance on high stakes assessments are connected since the level of questioning reflects the level of thinking expected within the classroom (Beyer,2000).Acommon characteristic of many classrooms is that teachers do most of the talking (Treffinger & Isakson, 2001). Efforts to improve questioning techniques must include an increased emphasis on providing the students enough time to think about and formulate adequate responses, and enough time to share these responses with their peers (Blosser, 2000; Wilen, Ishler & Hutchinson, 2000). Marzano, Pickering, and Pollock (2005) maintain cueing (helping students connect what they are learning to what they already know by prompting) and questioning are "at the heart of classroom practice" (p. 113). Research in classroom behavior indicates cueing and questioning might account for 80% of what occurs in a given classroom on a given day (Flippione, 1998). Questioning in the classroom is complex and dynamic in nature. Pertinent issues involve the types of questions posed (Bradley, Thorn, Hayer & Hay, 2007), wait time (Tincani & Crozier, 2007), and the purpose of the questions (Hill & Flynn, 2008; Rogers & Abell, 2008). Educators know that questioning is a key aspect of the teaching and learning process (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2000). Never-the-less, because questioning is used so often, teachers may not even realize the types or quality of the questions they use. Stigler and Hiebert (2004) suggest it is not differences in class organization, technologies, or even curriculum used in other countries that result in different levels of student achievement (as compared to the United States). Rather, it is the quality of questioning, explicit connections and depth of thought expected that contribute to the gap in student achievement. Weiss and Pasley (2004) assert questioning helps qualify, probe and challenge current ideas and expose misconceptions. Crockett (2004) points out wellexecuted questioning strategies encourage active participation in learning along with enhanced problem-solving and concept development. Questioning is a process teachers can improve if they are willing to focus on types of questions and strategies for their use (Bogan & Porter, 2005; Hobgood, Thibault & Walbert 2009). …


Summary. One hundred and sixty‐two patients initially treated at St Bartholomew's Hospital between 1974 and 1988 developed recurrent acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). In the majority, the intention was to administer intensive chemotherapy again; 22/162 were re‐treated palliatively. A second complete remission (CR) was achieved in 50/126 (40%) evaluable patients. Several different regimens were employed over this time period; the treatment used was the only factor that correlated with achievement of second CR (P=0.04). Ten of the 50 patients received myeloablative therapy with either allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation in second CR. The median duration of second CR for those patients who did not proceed to intensive consolidation with bone marrow transplantation was 7 months. There was no correlation between second remission duration and age, or with the administration of either intensive or conventional consolidation therapy.


3-O-(3-hydroxypropyl)-17β-estradiol chromium tricarbonyl 1 has been labeled in the 17α position with deuterium or tritium. These complexes were prepared by reduction of the corresponding estrone by NaBD4 or NaB[3H]4. The radioactive hormone was obtained in a solid state with a specific activity of 4.1 Ci/mmole, which is sufficiently high for hormone receptor binding studies.


Most quality assurance professionals can rightly claim that their units and the laboratories they inspect work in compliance with good laboratory practice (GLP) regulations. However, compliance itself is only the beginning. Quality assurance (QA) should now turn its attention to the process of optimizing operations in the industry by identifying weak links in the quality chain and working to remove the likelihood of failures and wasted time. Part of this process involves measuring QA impact. Impact can be evaluated in terms of effectiveness or efficiency. The difference between effectiveness and efficiency is discussed here. Measuring effectiveness involves quantifying effects; measuring efficiency involves quantifying the relationship between effect and effort. Some practical approaches to the collection of suitable data are outlined. There are no clear-cut rules for measuring QA impact. So far, the techniques available for assessing impact are rudimentary. However, it is important that all quality assurance professionals tackle the problems of evaluating their impact in order to strive toward higher standards of performance and toward greater understanding of the role of QA within the industry.


In this interview, Maud Mannoni recounts her journey and what inspired the foundation of the experimental School of Bonneuil. Then she brings her own critical reading upon the failure of the Freudian School of Paris and of the experience of the "Passe". She ends by presenting her last book:
From one unpossible to another.


The spin–lattice relaxation time T1 of the 19F nuclei was measured in gaseous samples of CF4, SiF4, GeF4, and SF6 at room temperature for densities from 0.015 to 20 amagat. In each case T1 was obse...


Objective To learn more about application status of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) nursing services in community health service centers in rural areas. Methods The self-designed questionnaire to survey the status and requirements of TCM nursing in rural communities was used to investigate 141 nurses and 585 residents in 79 community health centers in rural areas of Shandong Province. The survey included fundamental situation of nursing staff, carrying situation of TCM nursing treatments and the residents' demand for the TCM nursing. Results Nurses had low education level in rural community health service stations, secondary education or below accounted for 70.21%; only 24.82% of nurses could understand or grasp the technique of TCM nursing. Most health centers only carried out 3 to 4 kinds of simple TCM nursing treatments. TCM nursing awareness of residents was low, only 14.19% of the residents' first choice was TCM nursing, but had a high expectations. Conclusion The government should strengthen the training of TCM nursing personnel in rural community, meet the demand of rural residents of different ages and promote its popularization and application.


This notebook documents Team Macbeth's contribution to the CLEF 2021 shared task Touché: Argument Retrieval for Controversial Questions. Our approach consists of different configurations of a two-step retrieve and re-rank pipeline. We experimented with sparse and dense approaches for argument retrieval and trained query-document cross-encoders for argument re-ranking. Our findings suggest that a sparse retriever combined with a custom re-ranker performed the best out of all our approaches.


Frequent pattern mining has been used in many applications of data mining. One of the reasons for the effectiveness of frequent pattern methods is that frequently occurring patterns can capture crucial aspects of the underlying semantics of the data. Thus, a good set of frequent patterns obtained from a data set can serve as a high level representation for the data. Hence, an interesting question is that of quantifying the similarity between sets of patterns. Such a similarity measure allows us to compare different data sets by comparing the sets of patterns mined from the data. In this paper we address this problem of quantifying similarity between two sets of patterns.


When pulpal necrosis occurs in immature teeth, one of the treatment alternatives is the creation of an artificial apical barrier through the placement of an apical plug. However, controlling the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) during placement has proven difficult. Several studies evaluated the use of resorbable barriers to act as an internal matrix to prevent accidental extrusion of MTA. The aim of this case report was to document the effectiveness of Surgicel as a modified internal matrix for proper placement of MTA during management of immature teeth with necrotic pulp using the apical plug technique. A 12-year-old female patient reported with the chief complaint of a badly mutilated lower right second premolar. The tooth suffered enamel hypoplasia and had a defective coronal structure. It was asymptomatic except for slight tenderness to percussion. Based on the clinical and radiographic findings, a diagnosis of pulpal necrosis with symptomatic apical periodontitis was made. The 3- and 6-month followup showed radiographic evidence of continued root and hard tissue formation. Based on these findings, we infer that Surgicel can be used as a modified internal matrix to prevent extrusion of the MTA into the periapical area and allow for proper MTA placement.

Keywords: Apexification; Apical plug; Mineral trioxide aggregate; Calcium hydroxide; Surgicel; Modified internal matrix


The invention discloses a method for producing bacillus natto comprehensive enzyme low-molecular beverage, which comprises the following steps: 1, pulping plant raw materials to form fermentation liquor; 2, inoculating bacillus natto into the fermentation liquor, and fermenting the mixture for 2 to 3 months at the temperature of between 30 and 37 DEG C; and 3, after-ripening the fermentation liquor for 4 to 5 months at the temperature of between 10 and 15 DEG C to form low-molecular enzyme liquor, wherein the plant raw materials comprise grains, fruits or vegetables. The method has the advantages that: the bacillus natto has strong environment tolerance and can restrain pathogenic bacteria; the fermentation of the bacillus natto does not produce acid, and the beverage does not need to adda sweetener, so the beverage is beneficial to health; natto kinase produced by the bacillus natto can dissolve thrombus, restrain the generation of angiotensin and reduce blood pressure; effective substances of the beverage are not living bacteria but stable low-molecular active components produced by the living bacteria such as low-molecular peptide, oligosaccharide, saponins, isoflavone and other active factors, so the beverage does not need low-temperature preservation and has preservation time; and the beverage adds amino acid and vitamin necessary for the human body, so the beverage is more nutrient and healthy.


The research objective is to determine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation,
organizational culture and business strategy of the company's performance either
simultaneously or partially on Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in West Java. The objects
of study are orientation of entrepreneurship, organizational culture, business strategy and
corporate performance of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in West Java, in the period of
2011. Type of relationship between variables in the form of a causal relationship. This
research is descriptive and verification. Verification analysis conducted to examine the
hypothesis by using a statistical test Structural Equation Model - SEM. Based on the results
of research, entrepreneurial orientation, organizational culture and business strategy to
simultaneously affect the performance of the company amounted to 79.94%, while the
remaining 20.04% influenced by other outside factors of the three independent variables
observed. Then the three variables are partially significantly influence to the performance of
the company.


The article analyses the functioning and stylistic peculiarities of criminal slang in the language of mass media at structural and semantic level; ways of inclusion of slang into the system of modern Ukrainian language are traced; expressive and emotional potential of slang in modern journalistic discourse is analyzed; semantic modifications and functional specificity of slang and its influence on modern Ukrainian language were found out; it was mentioned, that figurative senses of verbs in criminal slang are socially conscious, since they are distinguished in phrases, sentences, contextual, but most of them are not fixed in dictionaries; it was determined, that despite its initial isolation and mystery, criminal slang significantly fills up modern spoken language; criminalization of different kinds of discourse, that significantly promote to the forming of "general slang", occurs.


Charging up a dielectric surface through corona discharge from a thin wire has been a common practice in electrophotographic processes. One of the widely used corona charging devices is called a corotron and consists of a coronating wire enclosed in a shield with one constituent side being the surface to be charged. Uniform surface charge can be created on a dielectric substrate such as photoreceptor by moving the substrate at a constant velocity through a stationary corotron that steadily emits corona ions. To design efficient corotron for charging dielectric substrates, fundamental understanding of the electrostatic nature of the device is desired. In the present work, the steady-state behavior of corona charging with a corotron over a moving dielectric substrate is analyzed by computationally solving nonlinearly coupled equation system with Galerkin finite-element method and Newton iterations. The predictions based on a first-principle model are shown to agree well with experimental measurements.


NRA President Bill Brownfield mentioned in The President's Column of the March 1989 NRA Newsletter that there is a great interest in the development of a "Private Sector Division" and that "three state NRA chapters have already established such divisions" (Brownfield, 1989). While this was the first NRA announcement to its membership of the inception of NASPPR, two important NRA decisions should be acknowledged before reviewing the emergence of the private sector division. First, at the Fifth Annual NRA Conference on September 28, 1928 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a decision was made to relax the requirement that NRA members had to be employed by a state rehabilitation agency (Brabham, 1989). This decision enabled NRA to benefit from a broader employment membership base yielding a more diverse professional rehabilitation association capable of the significant growth realized since 1928. Since employment in a state agency was not a prerequisite for membership, it allowed private providers to become members of NRA. Second, during the beginning of the explosive growth years of private sector rehabilitation in the 1970s, the need for a private sector division was considered, however, the consensus at NRA was that the existing National Rehabilitation Counseling Association (NRCA) already provided for private sector involvement. Therefore, an additional division was thought to be unnecessary at that time. In 1986, the Colorado Rehabilitation Association (CRA) noted that over one-half of its 200 members were employed in private sector rehabilitation, and they were losing members to other professional association groups. A special interest group was therefore formed in October 1986 within CRA to address training needs and provide for communication of the numerous changes occurring in private sector work. The special interest group in Colorado was subsequently joined by Montana and Georgia in 1988 as well as Kansas in 1989 (Bosch, 1994). While the special interest groups were being formed, NRA contacted CRA to determine if a private sector unit could be developed at the national level. NRA's interest was precipitated, in part, by numerous phone calls received from other states expressing interest in a private sector unit, along with input received from other national and local groups. As a result, what essentially started as a movement to develop a state special interest unit suddenly became the impetus for creating an entire new national division. Subsequently, the NRA board voted unanimously to grant provisional status for NASPPR effective September 6, 1989. The private sector group, led by Ken Bosch of Colorado, was given two years to develop: 1. Constitution and Bylaws 2. National slate of officers 3. National membership criteria 4. A process to establish state chapters 5. Division brochure 6. Division newsletter 7. A process for optional training at the NRA Annual Conference. With the foresight, diligence and leadership of Ken Bosch (Colorado), Carolyn Thompson (Illinois) and John Lui (New Hampshire), these steps were all achieved in just one year. The private sector unit was granted divisional status in 1990! Perhaps the only element of confusion from this expeditious development is that a few of the early state chapters of the original private sector unit found it necessary to redraft their Constitution and Bylaws since they were being suddenly transformed into state chapters of a newly formed NRA Division. Purpose The purpose of NASPPR is quite accurately stated in Article II of its Constitution: "It is the purpose of this Association to further develop, improve, and strengthen rehabilitation within the private sector. Implementation of this goal shall be accomplished by: 1. Promoting the highest quality of rehabilitation practices. 2. Upgrading of professional standards in the discipline of rehabilitation. 3. Helping to develop a specific body of knowledge in this field. …


What does learning a foreign language mean? Does it also mean, among other things, learning another way of being? Starting from the view that "a language is a view on the world" and that "saying is acting and interacting," the present thesis proposes to approach the answer through a study of time, of which the notion is at once general and culture-specific. How do the Chinese and the French cultures represent, conceptualize, and use the notion of time ? The thesis starts with a review of the notion of time in the traditions of culture and philosophy, follows this up with a comparison of expressions of time in the two languages, continues through observation and analysis of the problem of time in communication events, and concludes with an analysis of how such problems are presented and dealt with in French textbooks currently used in China. It is hoped that the discoveries made and problems revealed in such a study will help enrich the discourse on the theory of foreign language teaching and learning, which in turn will lead to new solutions and open up new prospects.


In this study, the enzyme activity of anthraquinone compounds which were synthesized beforehand by our research group was investigated. Molecular docking studies were performed for compounds 1-(4-aminophenylthio)anthracene-9,10-dione (3) and 1-(4-chlorophenylthio)anthracene9,10-dione (5). Compound 3 was synthesized from the reaction of 1-chloroanthraquinone (1) and 4aminothiophenol (2). Compound 5 was synthesized (1) from the reaction of 1-chloroanthraquinone (1) and 4-chlorothiophenol (4). Anthraquinone analogs (3, 5) were synthesized with a new reaction method made by our research group (2). Inhibitory effects of compounds 3 and 5 were investigated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes which are related to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Compounds 3 and 5 exhibited strong anti-acetyland butyryl-cholinesterase inhibition activities than galanthamine used as standard compound (92.11±1.08 and 80.95±1.77 %, respectively). The EHOMO-ELUMO values, molecular descriptors, and the calculated UV-Vis spectra of anthraquinone derivatives were computed by B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) levels in the CHCl3 phase. Based on the fluorescence property of the anthraquinone skeleton, the fluorescence activity of the bioactive anthraquinone analogue (5) was investigated. MTT test was performed to determine the cytotoxic effects of thioanthraquinone molecules 3 and 5. In MTT analyses, 3 compounds showed the highest effect against Ishikawa cells at a dose of 10 μg/mL, while compound 5 showed the highest effect at a dose of 50 μg/mL. The cell viability for compound 3 was 84.18% for 10 μg/mL and the cell viability for compound 5 was 75.02% for 50 μg/mL.


In this study optimal design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls is performed under static and earthquake loading conditions utilizing the Colliding Bodies of Optimization (CBO), Enhanced Colliding Bodies of Optimization (ECBO) and vibrating particles system (VPS) methods. This design is based on ACI 318-05 and two theories known as Coulomb and Rankine have been applied for estimating the earth pressures under static loading condition, and Mononobe-Okabe method have been applied for estimating earth pressures under earthquake loading condition. The objective function considered is the cost of the retaining wall and this function is minimized subjected to design constraints. The performances of the CBO, ECBO and VPS and some other optimization algorithms are compared for the considered benchmark examples.


Aiming to solve the problem of high-power magnetorheological fluid transmission heat dissipation, a new type of magnetorheological fluid drive disk is designed. The characteristics of the flow field and temperature field of high power MR fluid transmission devices are analyzed. Meanwhile, the influence of factors, such as rotating speed, inlet velocity, inlet position, diameter and number of magnetic columns, on the flow field are also investigated. Furthermore, the distribution characteristics of the ultimate slip power and the transient temperature field are obtained. The experimental platform of an MR fluid transmission device was established, and the torque transfer performance and heat dissipation performance were tested. The experimental results show that the device has good heat dissipation performance and can transfer high-power torque.


In 1997, a 54 year old woman underwent pancreatoduodenectomy at Verona University Hospital for a 3-cm periampullary cyst with a solid component. The final pathology reported a peripheral intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) with low-grade dysplasia. The pancreatic margins were free from neoplastic cells. After 22 years of clinical and radiological surveillance, the same person, now 76 years old, presented at the same Hospital with increased CA19-9 levels and an abdominal MRI showing a 4-cm cyst, with an enhancing solid component, in the retro-portal lamina area next to the superior mesenteric vessels. A 'recurrence' of the original IPMN was found in the context of a small fragment of uncinate process, left in place during the first surgery. Despite the concerning radiographical and serological features, final pathology found an IPMN of intestinal type with—again—only low-grade dysplasia. The scientific literature on IPMNs has come a long way since 1997. Recently, the largest series of IPMNs ever resected by a single referral centre was published. In this study, among 1439 patients, the timing of resection was categorized according to final pathology: too early (low-grade dysplasia); too late (invasive cancer); and timely (intermediateand high-grade dysplasia). Only 34 per cent of the 'timely' group had radiographical criteria of suspicion, and 25 per cent of the 'too late' group was in a watch-and-wait policy before resection. The authors therefore conclude that 'the "blind" pursuit of a watch-and-wait policy cannot be justified'. While the authors must be commended for their invaluable contribution to the field, messages like this are quite misleading. The entire frame of this syllogism is in fact based on a sequential, time-dependent vision of the IPMNs progression, and assuming the 'blindness' of surveillance policies. Some recent findings suggested different tumorigenic pathways and independent polyclonal origins for IPMNs. Despite the knowledge regarding disease natural history remaining limited, the old straightforward adenoma-tocarcinoma progression concept has been already challenged. From a tumorigenic standpoint, IPMNs are not colonic polyps, as well as pancreatectomies are also not endoscopic polypectomies. The overall major postoperative morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing pancreatic resection remains relatively high. To suggest liberal policies for surgical resection seems anachronistic, especially in times where the scientific community struggles to identify targets of safe follow-up reduction over time or even its complete discontinuation in cases of 'trivial' IPMNs to relieve the healthcare from the socioeconomic burden of such high-prevalent disease. While it may be true that the fate of all IPMNs is to eventually become invasive, as malignant risk seems to increase with time, it is also true that time is relative (at least to the patient's age), and that zero risk will never be achieved as long as the general population has a pancreas. The case hereby presented is a clear example of time 'relativity', as the IPMN histology remained identical after 22 years, while everything changed around it (the patient, the surgical technique of pancreatoduodenectomy, the surgeon's hair colour). Speaking of relativity, quantum physics could be applied also to explain another important conundrum of surgery and IPMNs; how to identify the 'timely' target of surgical resection? This also has crucial ethical and legal concerns. Some might speculate that to resect a pre-malignant neoplasm is timely by definition. To surgically avoid the development of overt cancer cannot be legally prosecuted as it is not 'too early' per se. In the above-mentioned study, invasive cancer was ruled out in 88 per cent of patients using current radiographical features of suspicion suggested by guidelines. Separating lowfrom high-grade dysplasia using clinical features seems more utopistic, as only one-third of the 'timely' group had radiographical criteria of suspicion. From this standpoint, IPMNs unfortunately resemble the Schrödinger's cat (Fig. 1). In this famous paradox, a cat is penned up in a steel chamber, along with a Geiger counter with a tiny bit of radioactive substance, so small, that perhaps over the hour one of the atoms decays, but also, with equal probability, perhaps none. If it happens, the counter tube discharges and through a relay releases a hammer that shatters a small flask of poison. The indeterminacy originally restricted to the atomic domain becomes transformed into macroscopic indeterminacy, which can then be resolved only by direct observation. Unless the observer (surgeon) opens the box (patient's belly), the cat (IPMNs) is both alive (low-grade) and dead (high-grade) at the same time. Surgical series alone are not able to crack the enigma as they provide no information on IPMN biology. At present, observational studies focusing on cases 'crossing over' from


This chapter continues the evaluation of ideas about property within the modern liberal tradition. Much of this thinking has its origins in the later work of John Stuart Mill. I begin with some key 'new' liberals: T. H. Green, J. T. Hobhouse, and J. A. Hobson. These thinkers take a varyingly radical view of the provisionality of individual claims to private property. Following a short interlude on interwar liberalism, I turn to the development of liberal ideas on property in the US. My two key thinkers here are John Dewey and John Rawls. Both of these iconic liberal thinkers take a view of property which emphasizes its function as a social institution, one which has to be justified by its societal outcomes rather than its private and personal origins.


Paying attention to different pictures is related to complex information processing in the brain. Categorizing visual objects using the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal of subject along with paying attention to pictures, is properly possible. The aim of this paper is to analyze the mental signal in order to show the differences in cognitive patterns during paying attention to sets of different pictures. For this purpose, EEG signals which were recorded from 45 people were used. Brain signals are recorded over the on head using 8 active electrodes and based on standard 10–20. After the pre-processing, ERP signals were extracted into two classes according to attention to the human face and fruit images. Firstly, 4 types of features has been extracted from N170, P200, N200 and P300 components: (1) time features, (2) non-linear features, (3) statistical features and (4) frequency features. Then dimension of Properties were reduced by using different algorithms. New and innovative work in this paper is using various algorithms for reducing feature dimension such as t-test, t-SNE and kernel t-SNE and comparing their results with each other. Classification of 2 classes were done in order to recognize the differences using SVM and KNN classifiers. Secondly we reexamined this process by using combined features from multiple ERP components and obtained best result in this condition by t-SNE and SVM classifier with 85.5% accuracy.


Computational thinking (CT) has been widely integrated into K-12 classrooms through programming education. Numerous initiatives have been developed to lower down the threshold for learning programming, yet instructors may still feel ill-prepared. Blended learning approach, a combination of student-centered learning and teacher-centered instruction, has proved to be an effective teaching approach for K-12 programming courses. With the purpose of providing practical insights for the design of blended programming lessons, this study introduced an instructional unit of a K-12 programming course in a secondary school in China. It elaborated the course regarding lesson design, learning assessment, and course evaluation. The course contains 9 plugged sessions and 24 unplugged sessions, and each session consists of 1) a preview, 2) hands-on activities, and 3) a lesson summary. Student learning was evaluated with performance-based assessments, and a questionnaire was employed to collect students' feedback for the course. The results indicated that students with low performance were the benefit the most from the course, and students tended to like visual programming tool and stage-mode learning format. Also, students with different learning backgrounds showed different preferences for the instructional elements. Suggestions are provided for further research and course design practices.


By analyzing the existing problems of management in reactive voltage and power factor,puts forward organizational and technical measures of improving the passing rate of reactive power and voltage and power factor,to improve the level of power quality and economic operation of regional grid.