In recent years school-based mentoring has become an increasingly important aspect of the process by which student teachers begin to learn how to teach. This article reports secondary PGCE students' evaluations of their school-based mentoring experiences. The data were collected via in-depth interviews with 16 student teachers and self-complete questionnaires completed by 224 student teachers from four different training courses in central and northern England in 1999. The main findings are that: (1) student teachers consider mentoring to be a, if not the, key aspect of school-based ITT; whilst (2) student teachers' accounts of their school-based experiences suggest that teacher-mentors are not always successful in creating conditions for effective student teacher learning.


We consider a semi-classical Dirac operator in d ∈ ℕ spatial dimensions with a smooth potential whose partial derivatives of any order are bounded by suitable constants. We prove that the distribution kernel of the inverse operator evaluated at two distinct points fulfilling a certain hypothesis can be represented as the product of an exponentially decaying factor involving an associated Agmon distance and some amplitude admitting a complete asymptotic expansion in powers of the semi-classical parameter. Moreover, we find an explicit formula for the leading term in that expansion.


During the establishing of multi- route traffic model and program design, it is an easy andefficient way to apply language of VBA in model programming, so as to calculate the valid trips, theshortest road weight, the effective border weight, the node weight, and the traffic assignment of each segment.


Under plastic film mulching and high-intensity condition,ten cultivars(lines) with white fiber,brown fiber and green fiber were used to investigate their physiological and biochemical traits at flowering-bolling stage during which plants are most sensitive to soil water and fertilizer,morphological character during the growth,as well as the comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance through multivariate statistical analysis and to find out indices which are simple and easy to be applied for cotton drought tolerance evaluation,which is also helping providing reference for colored cotton breed selection.Results showed that the comprehensive evaluation of 10 indexes such as carotenoids content,water loss rate of cutting leaves,leaf number of flowering-bolling stage,specific breaking strength,soluble protein content,the yield related index of fiber length,number of invalid fruiting branch,MDA content,growth period,relative conductance rate,cotton drought resistance can be identified.The drought resistance and D value were significantly positive,depending on D value,and the sequence of drought resistance of 10 accessions from strong to weak was BC05-07-18-2,BC06-10,Long1-1-3,BC06-45,GC06-45,G3-1,Longmian-2,G3-6,Longzongmian-1,Longlvmian-3.


We study the one dimensional symmetry of entire solutions to an elliptic system arising in phase separation for Bose-Einstein condensates with multiple states. We prove that any monotone solution, with arbitrary algebraic growth at infinity, must be one dimensional in the case of two spatial variables. We also prove the one dimensional symmetry for half-monotone solutions, i.e., for solutions having only one monotone component.


Photoionization spectroscopy of cold caesium dimers obtained by photoassociation of cold atoms in a magneto-optical trap is reported here. In particular, we report on the observation and on the spectroscopic analysis of all the excited states that have actually been used for efficient detection of cold molecules stabilized in the triplet ground state. They are: the state connected to the 6s + 6p asymptote, the and (2)3Π g states connected to the 6s + 5d asymptote and finally the state connected to the 6s + 7s asymptote. The detection through these states spans a wide range of laser energies, from 8000 to 16,500 cm−1, obtained with different laser dyes and techniques. Information on the initial distribution of cold molecules among the different vibrational levels of the ground state is also provided. This spectroscopic knowledge is important when conceiving schemes for quantum manipulation, population transfer and optical detection of cold caesium molecules.


A common problem that a lot of elder women in modern cities must face is blind date. Li Tiantian shows everyone a heavy topic which contemporary women are most concerned about by a special humorous way in her non- fiction literature——Dating Biography. She makes an in- depth analysis on modern women's marital values,and the ethical embarrassment and survival anxiety that they must face,which causes everyone to think deeply.


The Job syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by markedly elevated serum IgE levels, recurrent severe infections of the skin and sinopulmonary tract, including staphylococcal pneumonias, chronic eczematoid dermatitis, coarse facial features, and mild eosinophilia. In 1966, Davis two patients with severe eczema, chroic sinopulmonary infections, et al discribed and recurrent staphylococcal abscesses originally. The reason for immunocompromise in the Job syndrome remains unclear, but a chemotactic defect in neutrophils has been described, We have experienced a case of Job syndrome in a 9-year-old suffered from severe recurrent multiple infections since 2 month treatment with thymopentin, she was improved clinically, A brief review of related literature is presented.


This paper presents historical price data for two different crude oil types and examines the stationarity and inherent structure in oil price variation, applying many degrees of time resolution. Time Series Analysis results are then used to identify patterns and analyze the variation timescales. A specific goal of this study is to investigate and demonstrate the presence of fractal scaling. In particular, we postulate and prove that the mean size of the absolute values of price changes obeys a fractal scaling law (a power law) and can be expressed as a function of the analysis time interval (here, the latter is an independently varying parameter, ranging from a day up to a calendar year). The fractal structure of crude oil price variation is confirmed, the drift exponent is computed and the power scaling window of validity is depicted for both types, illustrating the interplay of both short- and long-term effects on the intrinsic structure of crude oil prices before and after 2008.


Abstract Rhinella atacamensis and Rhinella arunco are sister species which, together, are distributed from 25°S to 38°S in Chile. Until recently they were considered to be allopatric, with the dividing line around 32°S, but in 2007 a possible zone of secondary contact was found in the Estero Pupío (32°S). We investigated the species status of adult individuals of three localities along this creek using AFLP markers. Data were analyzed with a Bayesian method that allowed the identification of different types of hybrids in a population. In two of the localities in the lower part of the watershed, the majority of the individuals were identified as backcrosses of hybrids with R. arunco or first generation hybrids, although a few individuals were classified as pure R. arunco. This information, supplemented by mitochondrial sequences and reproductive observations in both the laboratory and in the field, shows that hybridization has been a recurrent phenomenon at these two localities. By contrast, in the third locality, higher in the watershed, we detected a certain amount of nuclear introgression of R. arunco in a population where only individuals with phenotypes and mitochondrial genotypes of R. atacamensis were found. Taken together, the genetic data of the three localities suggest that the hybrid zone is a hybrid swarm which is relatively extensive in the watershed of the creek. Identifying the causes of the apparent spatial segregation of the two species in the Estero Pupío will require additional information.


Combining the project case of catenary of Tinaco-Anaco railway in Venezuela, this paper describes the special marshalling type of EMU and the distances among pantographs in each marshalling type of EMU, then comparing with marshalling type of EMU in China, analyses the influence to electric phase separation of catenary caused by the change of marshalling type of EMU,. After comparing and analyzing several common types of electric phase separation in China,and designs one new scheme of electric phase separation, which ensures the electric phase separation could satisfy the marshalling type of EMU and the rise type of pantographs in Venezuela.


Weak structural planes such as fault crush belts are typical defective geological discontinuity plane,which are often encountered and must be solved effectively in tunnel engineering.Many correspon-ding cases and studies show that the deformation and failure of tunnel surrounding rock are mainly controlled by weak structural planes,while the mechanism of this control is still an ambiguous question.According to the fault crush belts' actual trend,occurrence and the cave tunnel axis' different included angle of the Dahualing Cave Tunnel,surrounding rock stability of cave tunnel affected by the fault crush belts is numerically analyzed by using the software MIDAS/GTS based on finite element method.In combination with the displacement contour lines of DX(V),the contrast of sedimentation and the displacement of certain construction site are analyzed before and after the support.The structure condition and the effect of engineering of the surrounding rock and support are discussed.This analysis method and conclusion can provide the reference for the design,construction and research of similar tunnels.


In this paper given and analysed are the factors related to the construction of motorways and having a negative impact on the environment. Given are the conditions o f the assessment of the impact of the motorways on the environment, arable land andforests and cultural heritage.


It is known for a long time that vowels can be classified using spectrum analysis and formant map templates. But in systems having poor spectral resolution, e.g. in cochlear implants, it may be interesting to see if a map of vowel classes can be constructed based on temporal cues only. We present a bio-inspired approach to extract the shape of cochlear pressure wave trajectories for speech signals and provide a simple vowel classification method not requiring any spectral information directly. Experiments and results included in this study emphasize the importance of biotic cochlear delays and urge their application in future cochlear implant speech processing strategies.


We appreciate the comments and interest of Garcia Moran and Mont in our work. We agree with them that our results were obtained from a selected implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) recipient population with syncopal spontaneous ventricular tachycardia (VT) and, therefore, they should not be extrapolated to the general population of patients who presented syncope before ICD implantation.1–4 Syncope can originate from many different mechanisms, which can be related or not to VT. This was discussed in our original manuscript and was also admitted in the report of Garcia Moran et al .,2 who suggested that some patients with non-arrhythmic …


We address in this paper decoding aspects of the Compute-and-Forward (CF) physical-layer network coding strategy. Under the CF framework, encoders use a special class of nested lattice codes and decoders are based on suboptimal minimum distance decoding of unknown performance gap with respect to optimal decoders. In this work, we develop and assess the performance of novel decoding algorithms for CF operating in the multiple access channel. Starting with the Gaussian channel, we investigate the maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoder. We derive a novel MAP decoding metric and develop practical decoding algorithms shown numerically to outperform the original one. For the fading channel, we analyze the ML decoder for integer-valued lattices and develop a novel Diophantine approximation-based near-ML decoding algorithm shown numerically to outperform the original CF decoder in the 1-D case using Z lattices.


We can find the trace of primitive worship in Hubei inheritance,which is related with the record in The Classic of Mountains and Seas such as bird worship,maple worship,peach worship,and so on.Clearing up the customs and the relation with The Classic of Mountains and Seas,can show evidence for the myth system of The Classic of Mountains and Seas.


In cold strip mill, the distance between direct current motor and roller is long, the rigid of its spindle is limited, the normal control of speed and current closed loop used to leading to the phenomenon of surge and broken strip. In order to solve the problem, the disturbance state observer and direct current control system with feed forward compensation are designed. The result of simulation shows that the design is effective to improve the dynamic and static performance, and it had been applied to the practical production.


In today's modern world, the availability of large number of online products like web-sites, web-portals, shopping sites, social networking sites, etc., give rise to a collection of extremely large and complex data sets known as Big Data. The analysis and processing of such an enormous volume of data in an efficient manner is a prime concern. Also, due the complex nature of Big Data it becomes very difficult to process using on-hand databases management tools. So, a specialized tool is required for processing Big Data, and one such tool is Hadoop. This paper presents a detailed overview of Big Data and finally describes an easy-to-use and highly scalable software framework, known as Map-Reduce framework, which is used to process Big Data. Keywords— Big Data, Hadoop, Map-Reduce.


Abstract This bibliography identifies and describes 75 works that focus on Key West during its first 50 years (1821–71) as a U.S. possession. General, legal, and popular culture materials are included.


The present study aims to investigate the effects of thermal‐diffusion and diffusion‐thermo onan magnetohydrodynamic convective flow of viscous fluids over an exponentially stretching sheet. Thermal radiation effects are also considered in the study. This analysis is carried out in three dimensions and a similarity transformation is adopted to get a set of ordinary differential equations from a set of partial differential equations. And the Fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method and shooting technique along with the secant method are employed to find out an iterative solution. We also analyze here the influence of the variable magnetic field, nonuniform permeability and variable chemical reaction on the fluid flow. The impact of various pertinent parameters of interest has extensively been explored through graphs and tables. The major findings of the present study are that resistive Lorentz force diminishes the fluid velocity and uplifts the thermal as well as concentration fields. Inclusion of porous matrix improves the viscous drag force which in turn augments wall shear stresses and peters out the heat and mass transfer rates from the sheet. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficient has an inverse relation with temperature.


Geosmin, an earthy-musty smelling compound, and 2-phenylethanol were detected by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry combined with gas chromatography from the volatile metabolites of Chaetomium globosum KINZE ex FR., a fungus isolated from the soil at Sugadaira, Nagano Prefecture. It was suggested that fungi are partly responsible for the unpleasant earthy-musty odor and taste in public water supplies.


The general features of continuous-wave short wavelength chemical lasers are discussed and parameters determining small signal gain are considered. H2-F-NF2 and H2-F-HN3 flames are examined as possible sources for chemical pumping of N2(A)-IF lasers. The mechanism of light amplification on Na3Br+ excimer transitions and the mechanism of enhancement of the dimole emission of singlet oxygen are discussed. A model is suggested for the enhancement of dimole emission of singlet oxygen and a possible value of the gain coefficient is calculated. Results indicate that population inversion may be created by fast relaxation of the lower laser level when using molecules as the emitting particles but the wide emission spectra requires a high pumping rate for sufficient gain. The use of atoms as emitters reduces the pumping rate but the problem of lower laser level cleaning remains unsolved


The system uses TM4C123G as the core of quadrotor autonomous vehicle control, which consists of flight control module, power supply module, motor speed control module, optical flow sensing module, and target tracking identification module. The flight control module includes angle sensor, gyroscope, and TLS1401-LF module. The flight control processes the collected data through the chip (TM4C123G), and processes the data with PID control algorithm, while solving the PWM increment and decrement needed for the corresponding motor, adjusting the motor in time and adjusting the flight attitude. The binocular camera identifies the color of the pole tower and measures the distance, so that the distance between the aircraft and the nearest point of the pole tower is kept within 50±10cm. After detecting the red (green) tower as the center, fly around the tower clockwise (counter) for one week (top view). Finally, the OV7725 camera is used to identify the solid black circle mark of the landing point and land smoothly and accurately in the target area, thus realizing an efficient robot around the barrier.


Refrigerator cooled cryosurfaces are often used as pumps for water vapor and solvents in industrial vacuum systems in the pressure range between 10−3 and 0.5 mbar. Due to the high condensation rate at these pressures large thermal loads have to be removed from the cryosurfaces. The associated increase in surface temperature limits the pumping speed of the cryosurface. Model calculations of the water vapor pumping speed have been performed for pressures between 10−3 and 1 mbar for water and coolant temperatures Tliq≥−90 °C. We discuss the influence of the heat transfer coefficient between cryosurface and coolant, the influence of the cooling power of the refrigerator, and the reduction of the pumping speed due to ice layers on the surface. It is shown that the pumping speed of cryosurfaces is limited by these thermal parameters. The results yield layout criteria for cryosurfaces and their refrigerators.Refrigerator cooled cryosurfaces are often used as pumps for water vapor and solvents in industrial vacuum systems in the pressure range between 10−3 and 0.5 mbar. Due to the high condensation rate at these pressures large thermal loads have to be removed from the cryosurfaces. The associated increase in surface temperature limits the pumping speed of the cryosurface. Model calculations of the water vapor pumping speed have been performed for pressures between 10−3 and 1 mbar for water and coolant temperatures Tliq≥−90 °C. We discuss the influence of the heat transfer coefficient between cryosurface and coolant, the influence of the cooling power of the refrigerator, and the reduction of the pumping speed due to ice layers on the surface. It is shown that the pumping speed of cryosurfaces is limited by these thermal parameters. The results yield layout criteria for cryosurfaces and their refrigerators.


1 The inhibitory role of endothelium‐derived relaxing factor was studied in both rat and human pulmonary arteries in vitro by inhibiting its synthesis with the L‐arginine analogue NG‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine (l‐NMMA). 2 In rat pulmonary arteries, l‐NMMA pretreatment (10–300 μm) dose‐dependently inhibited acetylcholine‐induced relaxation (which is endothelium‐dependent). NG‐monomethyl‐d‐arginine (d‐NMMA, 100 μm) was without effect, l‐Arginine, but not d‐arginine, dose‐dependently reversed this inhibition. l‐NMMA had no effect on relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside. 3 In human small pulmonary arteries l‐NMMA (100 μm) pretreatment similarly inhibited the acetylcholine‐induced relaxation but had no effect on the sodium nitroprusside‐induced relaxation. 4 In both rat and human pulmonary arteries, l‐NMMA, but not d‐NMMA, always caused contraction of preconstricted tissues whereas it had no effect on baseline tone. In the rat this contraction was completely prevented by prior treatment with l‐arginine. 5 l‐NMMA (100 μm) pretreatment mimicked the effect of endothelium removal on phenylephrine‐induced vasoconstriction, both resulting in an increase in tension development at each concentration of phenylephrine. This enhancement was greatest at low concentrations of phenylephrine but was still present even at the highest concentrations. Pretreatment with l‐NMMA (100 μm) also significantly increased the responses to single doses of phenylephrine. 6 These results suggest that endothelium‐derived relaxing factor from endothelial cells both mediates the relaxation response to acetylcholine and also acts as a physiological brake against vasoconstriction in pulmonary vessels.


THE prognosis after rupture of an aneurysm of the A abdominal aorta has improved with recent advances in cardiovascular surgery,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 and it is therefore of vital importance to make an early diagnosis. Although the clinical signs and symptoms of this condition have been adequately described8 9 10 11 the diagnostic value of the plain film of the abdomen has not been given the attention that it deserves. This paper summarizes the pertinent x-ray findings in 20 cases of ruptured aneurysms proved at autopsy or surgery. The findings in 37 cases of intact aneurysms are included as controls. The great majority of abdominal aneurysms . . .


Executive summary This is a joint study by the Property Council of Australia, the Office of Senator Scott Ludlam and the Australian Urban Design Research Centre. This report examines the potential number of new dwellings that could be accommodated in medium and high density scenarios in existing and often underutilised areas along Perth's Activity Corridors. The broader purpose was to explore the opportunity to transform (or in many cases return) what are currently congested and car dominated roads into a vibrant series of High Streets and urban villages that are attractive places to live and work. The Study builds on the ground-breaking Transforming Australian Cities report (2009) which found the potential to house an additional 1 – 2.5 million people along Melbourne's existing tram and priority bus lanes, in an area equivalent to only 7% of Melbourne's urban footprint. It also draws on the exemplary city-scale planning, visioning and engagement processes developed under South Australia's Integrated Design Commission. Perth now stretches 120km along the coast and is experiencing the fastest growth of any Australian city. Our city faces several urban challenges including traffic congestion, lack of housing choice and affordability, and loss of natural habitat. High quality infill development is one of the best options we have to address these pressing urban challenges most directly and sustainably; and to also strengthen - and leave untouched - our existing suburbs. Seven corridors were selected in this report based on their strategic importance in the Perth Metropolitan Area and in accordance with their identification as future rapid transit routes in Perth's draft public transport strategy, Public Transport Plan for Perth in 2031. These included Charles Street, Wanneroo Road, Scarborough Beach Road, Great Eastern Highway, South Street, Cockburn Road, Ranford Road, Thomas Street, and Albany Highway. Collectively the seven corridors weave through 19 Local Government Areas and run for more than 86km. Under the State Government's strategic plan for Perth - Directions 2031 and Beyond the government is targeting a 50 percent improvement of current infill trends, which equates to 124,000 new dwellings to be delivered through infill development. It prioritises development in Activity Centres to meet this target. This report demonstrates that Perth's entire infill target could easily be met through medium density development along the seven corridors. It also found: • A total developable land supply along seven Activity corridors of 1575 hectares. • A total potential yield of 94,500 - 252,000 new dwellings at medium to high density scenarios (R60 - R160). • Medium density (R80) development along the seven corridors would accommodate 100% of Perth's infill target of 124,000 dwellings to 2031. • Medium-high density development (R100) would account for 126% (157,508 dwellings) of the Directions 2031 infill target of 124,000 dwellings to 2031. The report also helps local government achieve its infill targets under Directions 2031 with information about potential dwelling yields along corridors at a three different densities. In many cases an entire local government's Directions 2031 infill target can be achieved through infill along one or two future High Streets alone. Based on the latest Local Government housing targets in Delivering Directions 2031 (2012), • 100% of Delivering Directions 2031 LGA targets could be met in Fremantle, Nedlands, Vincent, Claremont and South Perth through medium density infill. • Belmont, Stirling and Victoria Park could meet its entire Delivering Directions 2031 targets at medium- high density infill. • 50% of Delivering Directions 2031 LGA targets would be met through medium density in Armadale and Cockburn. Infill housing development and urban regeneration at the precinct level will deliver significant economic, social and environmental benefits. This report identifies eighteen. However Perth faces a number of barriers to infill development, including higher construction costs, community concerns about higher density and a lack of major public transport infrastructure. This report makes fifteen recommendations to overcome these barriers. Our recommendations provide the institutional circuit breakers needed in our state and federal governance, planning and transport systems and community visioning and engagement processes. Broadly, we call for a state led vision for precinct scale urban regeneration.


The economic effects of conjunctive management of ground and surface water supplies for irrigation are formulated as an optimal control model. An empirical hydroeconomic model is estimated for the Yolo County district in California. Two alternative solution methodologies (analytic Riccatti and mathematical programing) are applied and compared. Results show the economic potential for interbasin transfers and the impact of increased electricity prices on optimal groundwater management.


The pattern of impacted mandibular third molars has an influence on the difficulty of surgical removal of these teeth. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of impacted mandibular third molars in patients referring to the department of oral surgery, college of dentistry, Babylon University. A total of 79 patients were seen. The data were analyzed according to age, gender, residence and patient' complaint. The pattern of hundred impacted mandibular third molars in the 79 patients was evaluated according to Winter's and Pell and Gregory classifications using periapical and orthopantographic views. The majority of patients were male in their third decade and urban dwellers. Vertical and class IA represent the most common pattern of impacted mandibular third molars. Most cases had symptom of pain and frequently associated with pericoronitis and periodontitis. In conclusion, the pattern of impaction suggests that the majority of impacted mandibular third molars are moderately difficult and can be remove dunder local anesthesia. Further study should be carried out to correlate between epidemiological data and postoperative complications. Citation: Al-Noaman A., 2015. Pattern of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars in Patients Referring to the Department of O ral Surgery, College of Dentistry, Babylon University. The Journ al for Dentistry. Photon 111, 250-254. All Rights Reserved with Photon. Photon Ignitor: ISJN54728618D772711042015


Background: A-kinase anchoring proteins position signaling enzymes to control neuronal phosphorylation events. Results: Biochemical and cellular approaches confirm that the AKAP79/150 signaling complex interfaces with the cytoplasmic tail of Roundabout (Robo) receptors. Conclusion: AKAP79/150-associated protein kinase C facilitates the phosphorylation of Ser-1330 on the Robo3.1 isoform. Significance: Kinase anchoring is a mechanism to control the phosphorylation of Robo3.1 within macromolecular assemblies. Anchoring proteins direct protein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatases toward selected substrates to control the efficacy, context, and duration of neuronal phosphorylation events. The A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP79/150 interacts with protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), and protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) to modulate second messenger signaling events. In a mass spectrometry-based screen for additional AKAP79/150 binding partners, we have identified the Roundabout axonal guidance receptor Robo2 and its ligands Slit2 and Slit3. Biochemical and cellular approaches confirm that a linear sequence located in the cytoplasmic tail of Robo2 (residues 991–1070) interfaces directly with sites on the anchoring protein. Parallel studies show that AKAP79/150 interacts with the Robo3 receptor in a similar manner. Immunofluorescent staining detects overlapping expression patterns for murine AKAP150, Robo2, and Robo3 in a variety of brain regions, including hippocampal region CA1 and the islands of Calleja. In vitro kinase assays, peptide spot array mapping, and proximity ligation assay staining approaches establish that human AKAP79-anchored PKC selectively phosphorylates the Robo3.1 receptor subtype on serine 1330. These findings imply that anchored PKC locally modulates the phosphorylation status of Robo3.1 in brain regions governing learning and memory and reward.


This paper reviews the development of microcomputer control technique for the electrode position of steelmaking EAF.Some key techniques for the microcomputerized electrode regulator are summarized.: This paper reviews the development of microcomputer control technique for the electrode position of steelmaking EAF.Some key techniques for the microcomputerized electrode regulator are summarized.


The application of organic fertilizers is a standard measure of circular agriculture, which can purify the environment, ensure food safety and strengthen the sustainable use of soil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizers on the stability of soil aggregates and soil fertility using a meta-analysis. A total of 169 case-controlled studies from 45 papers were included through screening, and Wordy sentences 169 soil data from the organic fertilizer group and 169 soil data from the control group (CK) were collected. The stability of meta-analysis results after combining effect sizes was assessed by sensitivity analysis, and the publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot. Meta-analysis results showed that the application of organic fertilizer significantly affected the mean weight diameter (MWD) (P<0.05), increased the organic carbon (SOC) content of the soil (P<0.05) .and significantly increased the total nitrogen (STN) content of the earth (P<0.05). Funnel plot analysis showed that there was only a small amount of publication bias in the study .and sensitivity research showed that the analysis was stable and reliable. In conclusion, the application of organic fertilizer can significantly affect the stability of soil aggregates and has a potentially positive effect on improving soil fertility. This meta-analysis provides a scientific basis for the rational utilization of organic fertilizers and soil structure optimization in China.


The value of studies of the visual fields as an aid in the diagnosis of obscure conditions of the eye and brain has long been known. MacKenzie, 1 in his textbook on ophthalmology, published in 1854, called attention to the importance of hemianopic defects in the visual fields in the localization of diseases of the brain. About this time the ophthalmoscope made its appearance, and ophthalmology was placed on a firm scientific basis. The importance of perimetry in the study of lesions that were not visible with the ophthalmoscope immediately became apparent. Troncoso 2 stated that von Graefe stressed this fact in 1856. Wilbrand 3 in 1881 reported a large number of cases and stressed the importance of examinations of the visual fields as an aid in localizing intracranial disorders. He probably was the first to see the value of using small test objects in bringing out defects that


Zeno hybrid automata 1 accept executions with innitely many discrete transitions within a nite time interval. Real physical systems are, of course, not Zeno, but hybrid automata modeling real systems may be Zeno. The Zeno phenomena is often due to a too high level of abstraction. In this lecture, we discuss some properties of Zeno hybrid automata.


This study shows how to design competitive systems for combined road and rail transport, how to evaluate the competitiveness and profitability of proposed systems, and how to implement the proposals. The aim of the study is to develop theory and methods within these areas as well as to produce information for decision-makers and planners in industry and government. A special research design called a normative case study is developed. This design appears to be of general interest as a method for transport system studies. It is based on theory from marketing, logistics, strategic management and cost-benefit analysis and involves among other things empirical data collection and use of simulation models. The empirical results of the study show that combined road and rail transport can be made commercially competitive with a suitable design and that it is commercially as well as socially profitable to switch from line-based long-haul traffic with trucks to combined traffic on the most important transport routes in Sweden. Establishment and operation of systems for combined road and rail transport necessitates cooperation between the railways, the forwarders and the road carriers. The study analyzes strategies which the participants in combined traffic - and the government - may follow if they want to establish and develop combined traffic according to the model of the study. (Author/TRRL)


This paper deals with one of the last contributions of Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski (7 April, 1884 — 16 May, 1942) entitled Freedom and Civilization (1944 U.S. ed. 1947 U.K. ed.) This work, written during the Second World War (1939-45) when Malinowski had come to the United States of America in 1938 on sabbatical leave, is a cogent example of the relevance of anthropology to the study of crucial problems that confront all of mankind. To quote him :


DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE EFFECT OF THE RAPID FREEZING ON CONCRETE: CRYSTALLIZATION IN THE SHAPE OF ICE NEEDLES AND OF THE TECHNIQUE DEVELOPED BY TARDIEU WHO TOOK OUT A PATENT IN 1972. THIS NEW TECHNIQUE PERMITS A QUICKER RELEASE FROM THE MOULD THAN STEAM CURING. DIRECTIONS OF FUTURE RESEARCH TO IMPROVE AND ENLARGE THE TECHNIQUE ARE PROPOSED.


This paper presents the clinical and histologic ocular findings of two patients who developed toxic retinal changes while receiving sparsomycin, an antibiotic from Streptomyces sparsogenes used as a cancer chemotherapy agent. A preliminary report of these cases appeared recently. 1 The cases are the first reported of patients showing ocular toxicity to this drug. Report of Cases Patient 1. —A 44-year-old Negro man had both a local recurrence of, and lung metastases from, a previously resected transverse colon adenocarcinoma. Sparsomycin was given intravenously in an initial dose of 0.6 mg which was increased by 0.1 mg increments daily until 1.0 mg/day was attained. This level was maintained for nine days until a total dose of 12 mg over a period of 13 days had been given. On the 13th day of therapy the sparsomycin was discontinued because of the patient's complaint of blurred vision. An ophthalmic consultation was obtained the


Clinicians find value in predicting the prognosis and course of disease in individual patients. All diseases have intrinsic variability in risk, severity, and outcome, which is driven by differences in individual susceptibility, general health, and physiologic reserve, as well as in the processes and pathogenicity of the disease. For example, patients with gastrointestinal bleeding due to peptic ulcer may be stratified into high- and low-risk groups through the use of scoring systems to assess patient characteristics and bleeding volume, and by the ulcer's appearance during initial endoscopy. This stratification allows clinicians to triage patients, identify the appropriate therapy, and determine the duration of (and even need for) hospitalization (1). Acute pancreatitis (AP) is increasing in incidence (2) and is among the most common reasons for inpatient hospitalization for a gastrointestinal condition in the United States (3). The outcome of this disease is quite variable: approximately 80% of patients have a short-lived, mild illness and recover promptly, whereas 20% have a more serious illness characterized by organ system failure, pancreatic necrosis, various infections, and death (4). The overall mortality of AP is now less than 2% in the United States; however, among those with severe disease, the rate may approach 20% to 30% (4). Therefore, predicting which patients will have more severe disease, as well as who might die, may be helpful in the triage of patients to high-intensity nursing units and in determining whether more aggressive therapy should be applied early in the clinical course. There has been a long-standing interest in developing tools to assist clinicians in predicting severe AP before it develops. These instruments include specific physical findings, laboratory tests, cross-sectional imaging, and various multiple-factor scoring systems. Within each scoring system, different cutoff scores may be chosen to differentiate high-risk from low-risk patients. These systems have been hampered in that they often identify severe disease only as it develops, do not predict severe disease with enough lead time for potential intervention, or are too complex for everyday use. Although any medical student is familiar with the Ranson criteria, most of us have yet to meet a trainee who can remember or recite the 11 measures. Di and colleagues (5) carefully performed a systematic review of the 18 multiple-factor scoring systems proposed to date and found them to be of limited accuracy or clinical value in predicting mortality. Similarly, the incremental benefit from using more than 1 of these systems, evaluated in only a few of the studies reviewed, also is limited. Among the reasons the authors identified for these conclusions, the most important are poor quality of the studies (see the authors' Table 5 in Supplement 1), heterogeneity in patient populations, the clinical setting and influence of treatment administered, and a lack of information on transfer status (whether the patient was directly admitted or transferred from a referring hospital). Although many of these limitations may be overcome by a head-to-head comparison of scoring systems in the same patient population, 1 such study found the existing systems to be only modestly accurate in predicting persistent organ failure, and concluded that they may have reached their maximal efficacy (6). Of interest, several simple, routinely available clinical measures, such as serum hematocrit, elevations in blood urea nitrogen, and presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (especially lasting more than 48 hours) (6, 7), may be as accurate as the more complex multiple-factor scoring systems in predicting severe AP. Advances in the understanding of AP pathophysiology and natural history have revealed 2 disease phases (early [in the first 7 days] and late [after 7 days]) and 2 primary determinants of mortality and clinically relevant outcomes (persistent organ failure and pancreatic necrosis on contrast-enhanced computed tomography), which are linked to each other. Persistent organ failure (that is, organ failure lasting more than 48 hours) is often associated with pancreatic necrosis, but it may occur solely from a systemic inflammatory response to pancreatic injury. It is the primary cause of death in the early phase. Pancreatic necrosis often drives organ failure, and infected pancreatic necrosis (typically occurring after 2 weeks) and hospital-associated infections are the main causes of late mortality (8). The revised Atlanta classification system (9), a recently published international consensus document, stratifies AP into 3 severity categories: severe (presence of persistent organ failurepulmonary, renal, cardiovascular, or multisystemas measured by a modified Marshall scoring system), moderate (transient organ failure, or local or systemic complications without persistent organ failure), and mild (no organ failure and no local or systemic complications). Patients with severe disease account for almost all deaths due to AP. Those with moderate or severe disease account for almost all morbidity, particularly from local complications, such as pancreatic necrosis. The revised Atlanta criteria also define the various local complications more precisely, and interested readers are referred to those definitions. A separate consensus group generally agreed with the Atlanta system (10) but also noted that the presence of both persistent organ system failure and infected necrosis, which the group termed critical pancreatitis, leads to greater mortality than either condition alone. These efforts provide much clearer and more quantifiable definitions of severe AP. For clinicians, knowledge of the primary role of persistent organ failure and supporting role of pancreatic necrosis in determining AP outcomes is important. These outcomes include not only death, but also nonfatal illness that prolongs hospital stays and increases health care costs. Although the new Atlanta classification system does not provide methods to predict disease severity (9), it simplifies decision making for busy physicians while providing a clear idea of the expected course in a given patient. The best predictor of severe disease is not one of the multiple-factor systems, but rather an experienced clinician who is informed by patient- and disease-related factors, such as older age, obesity (particularly morbid obesity), comorbidities, and alcohol use, and cognizant of the predictive value of the simple measures mentioned earlier (namely, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and hematocrit levels). All of these factors are associated with worse outcomes and help in making decisions regarding patient triage and ongoing care. Regarding research, we believe that developing new multiple-factor clinical scoring systems will not increase accuracy in prediction, and that all current systems are inadequate to guide clinical judgment. Future studies should focus on the translational research needed to identify better biological markers of the primary determinants of outcomethat is, organ failure and pancreatic necrosisas well as host-related factors that influence the severity of the systemic response to pancreatic necrosis. Such an approach might help in understanding the mechanisms of severe disease, identifying at-risk patients soon after or before pancreatic injury occurs, and developing therapies to mitigate disease severity.


The performance of a mixed microbial community was tested in lab-scale power-to-methane reactors at 55 °C. The main aim was to uncover the responses of the community to starvation and stoichiometric H2/CO2 supply as the sole substrate. Fed-batch reactors were inoculated with the fermentation effluent of a thermophilic biogas plant. Various volumes of pure H2/CO2 gas mixtures were injected into the headspace daily and the process parameters were followed. Gas volumes and composition were measured by gas-chromatography, the headspace was replaced with N2 prior to the daily H2/CO2 injection. Total DNA samples, collected at the beginning and end (day 71), were analyzed by metagenome sequencing. Low levels of H2 triggered immediate CH4 evolution utilizing CO2/HCO3− dissolved in the fermentation effluent. Biomethanation continued when H2/CO2 was supplied. On the contrary, biomethane formation was inhibited at higher initial H2 doses and concomitant acetate formation indicated homoacetogenesis. Biomethane production started upon daily delivery of stoichiometric H2/CO2. The fed-batch operational mode allowed high H2 injection and consumption rates albeit intermittent operation conditions. Methane was enriched up to 95% CH4 content and the H2 consumption rate attained a remarkable 1000 mL·L−1·d−1. The microbial community spontaneously selected the genus Methanothermobacter in the enriched cultures.


1-C{sup 14}-propene has been prepared. The migration of the double bond under a variety of experimental conditions in the preparation of propene has been investigated. The mechanism of the permanganate oxidation of the labeled propene has been examined; it has been found to proceed by several paths, the relative importance of which depends upon the experimental conditions, especially the pH.


Smart vehicles are equipped with onboard computing units designed to run in-vehicle applications. However, due to limited computing power, the onboard units are unable to execute compute-intensive tasks and those that require near real-time processing. Therefore tasks are offloaded to nearby fog/edge devices that have more powerful processors. However, the fog devices are static, placed at fixed locations such as intersections, and have a limited communication range. Therefore, they can only facilitate vehicles in their immediate vicinity and only limited areas of the city can be covered to provide services on demand. In this article, we propose an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based computing framework design termed Skywalker to provide computing in regions where there are no static fog units thereby extending coverage. Skywalker's contributions are threefold: 1) it allows for load-aware UAV placement and provisions a swarm of UAVs to fly to areas experiencing a gap in service where the size of the swarm is proportional to the demand; 2) it implements multiple scheduling algorithms that the UAVs swarm employs to divide up the task processing responsibility for individual UAVs within the swarm; and 3) a zone-based delivery mechanism is being proposed to facilitate the return of completed tasks, either through direct delivery or relay-based methods. The choice between these options depends on the distance covered by the requesting vehicle from the UAV swarm. The efficiency of the framework is compared with existing techniques and it is found that it can greatly extend coverage during peak traffic hours while providing low communication delay and consuming minimum energy.


The preservation and enhancement of health represent a significant challenge for virtually every country worldwide. Presently, a nation's health is regarded as a measure of its level of civilization, serving as a reflection of the societal socio-economic context. Correct development of the preschool child is impossible without adequate physical activity. It is also important that the children have intensive growth and development of body systems as a result of competent and correct exposure. The prerequisites for physical, intellectual, and spiritual abilities and also comprehensive development of the personality in general are formed at this age. The purpose of the article is to analyze the useing physical games for primary school children in different nations around the globe. Physical games are distinguished by their variability and flexibility, which is their important feature. They can be adapted to the needs of different age groups, fitness levels and children' interests. They can also be used as a means of cross-cultural understanding, where children from different cultures and traditions can demonstrate their traditional movement games and learn new ones. Physical culture and physical games are interconnected, because physical games are an important part of physical activity and are included in the physical education program. Analyzing the presented material, we conclude that the chosen topic is very interesting and opens up many opportunities for considering the integration of various programs among themselves and identifying interesting patterns depending on the country and cultural traditions.


We suggest that using deep learning networks to learn model predictive controllers is a powerful alternative to online optimization, especially when the underlying problems are complex, as in the case of mixed-integer quadratic programs. The use of deep learning has two important advantages compared to classical shallow networks regarding its embedded implementation. A better function approximation can be achieved with the same number of neurons and less weights are necessary due to the use of more, but smaller, layers. This reduces significantly the memory footprint of the necessary code for its embedded implementation. As with shallow networks, deep neural networks are extremely easy to implement and to deploy on embedded platforms. The potential of the approach is illustrated with simulation results of an energy management system in a smart building, including the implementation of the proposed controller using a low-cost microcontroller.


In this paper we propose a mechanism for fusing data identified by a barcode scanner and sensor data through ALE compliant middleware. In this way the ALE server becomes an Auto-ID instead of RFID middleware, offering to capturing applications a unified view of the statements performed in a specific plant or warehouse, regardless of the technology used to capture these statements. The mechanism defines the notion of the generalized EPC, along with its corresponding generalized EPC pattern.


Multi-modal medical image registration provides complementary information from the fusion of various medical imaging modalities. This paper presents a volume based multi-modal affine registration algorithm to register images acquired using different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modes. In the proposed algorithm, the sum-of-conditional variance (SCV) similarity measure is used. The SCV is considered to be a state-of-the- art similarity measure for registering multi-modal images. However, the main drawback of the SCV is that it uses only quantized information to calculate a joint histogram. To overcome this limitation, we propose to use partial volume interpolation (PVI) in the joint histogram calculation to improve the performance of the existing registration algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the registration algorithm, different similarity measures were compared in conjunction with gradient-based Gauss-Newton (GN) optimization to optimize the spatial transformation parameters. The experimental evaluation shows that the proposed approach provides a higher success rate and comparable accuracy to other methods that have been recently proposed for multi-modal medical image registration.


Post‐wildfire runoff and erosion are major concerns in fire‐prone landscapes around the world, but these hydro‐geomorphic responses have been found to be highly variable and difficult to predict. Some variations have been observed to be associated with landscape aridity, which in turn can influence soil hydraulic properties. However, to date there has been no attempt to systematically evaluate the apparent relations between aridity and post‐wildfire runoff. In this study, five sites in a wildfire burnt area were instrumented with rainfall‐runoff plots across an aridity index (AI) gradient. Surface runoff and effective rainfall were measured over 10 months to allow investigation of short‐ (peak runoff) and longer‐term (runoff ratio) runoff characteristics over the recovery period. The results show a systematic and strong relation between aridity and post‐wildfire runoff. The average runoff ratio at the driest AI site (33.6%) was two orders of magnitude higher than at the wettest AI site (0.3%). Peak runoff also increased with AI, with up to a thousand‐fold difference observed during one event between the driest and wettest sites. The relation between AI, peak 15‐min runoff (Q15) and peak 15‐min rainfall intensity (I15) (both in mm h‐1) could be quantified by the equation: Q15 = 0.1086I15 × AI 2.691 (0.65


In this article author concentrates on two issues. First part concerns a reflection on differences, generally speaking, between eastern and western approaches to the own past, between central points of collective memory in Eastern and Western Europe. Although the European Union becomes more and more capacious creation, constituting not only originally planned community of economic, business, one can hardly speaks of a common collective memory. The main problem is that for Western Europe, the central point of the collective memory is Holocaust, while in Eastern Europe memory mainly is directed toward the crimes of the communist reign. This
asymmetry of memory, different approaches in relation to the past, is understood as a legacy of decades of Sovietization. However, it seems that these conditions have deeper roots, reaching deep into the socio-cultural sphere.
Second is devoted to the characteristics of memory within post-communist
countries in Central-Eastern Europe referring to a second half of the XX century.
For this purpose, author analyzes oral history interviews with the Czechoslovak
women — political prisoners under Stalinism conducted in 2008 as a part of larger
project "Political Prisoners.eu".


Adequate water supply is essential for healthier life. Diagnosing critical phenomena like polluted water is very significant in present day scenario. Existing methods for handling waterborne microbe's diseases are too expensive, time conservative and slow responsive. The water quality parameters and probable health risks contrast throughout the sphere because of various reasons like concentration of ions, and acids. The proposed work presents an innovative methodology based on rough set theory, centered on the progress of low cost embedded devices for real time taxation of drinking water quality. The responsiveness of contaminated factors can be monitored remotely over internet by making use of HTTP. Data placed at server can be viewed on remote PC with internet connection. In this method prominence is given for reliable fast operation with help of low cost embedded devices. The structure and methodology accessible in this paper have the potentiality to be set as a convenient low cost tool for remote monitoring of water contaminated


This paper introduces complexes of linear varieties, called inclics (for INductively Constructible LInear ComplexeS). As examples, we study galaxies (these are constructed starting with a star configuration to which we add general points in a larger projective space). By assigning an order of vanishing (i.e., a multiplicity) to each member of the complex, we obtain fat linear varieties (fat points if all of the linear varieties are points). The scheme theoretic union of these fat linear varieties gives an inclic scheme $X$. For such a scheme, we show there is an inductive procedure for computing the Hilbert function of its defining ideal $I_X$, regardless of the choice of multiplicities. As an application, we show how our results allow the computation of the Hilbert functions of, for example, symbolic powers $(I_X)^{(m)}$ for arbitrary $m$ of many new examples of radical ideals $(I_X)$, and we explicitly compute the Waldschmidt constants $\gamma(I_X)$ for galactic inclics $X$.


Introduction A common method of learning about adverse events (AEs) is by reviewing medical records using the global trigger tool (GTT). However, these studies generally report rates of harm. The aim of this study is to characterise paediatric AEs detected by the GTT using descriptive and qualitative approaches. Methods Medical records of children aged 0–15 were reviewed for presence of harm using the GTT. Records from 2012–2013 were sampled from hospital inpatients, emergency departments, general practice and specialist paediatric practices in three Australian states. Nurses undertook a review of each record and if an AE was suspected a doctor performed a verification review of a summary created by the nurse. A qualitative content analysis was undertaken on the summary of verified AEs. Results A total of 232 AEs were detected from 6,689 records reviewed. Over four-fifths of the AEs (193/232, 83%) resulted in minor harm to the patient. Nearly half (112/232, 48%) related to medication/intravenous (IV) fluids. Of these, 83% (93/112) were adverse drug reactions. Problems with medical devices/equipment were the next most frequent with nearly two-thirds (32/51, 63%) of these related to intravenous devices. Problems associated with clinical processes/procedures comprise one in six AEs (38/232, 16%), of which diagnostic problems (12/38, 32%) and procedural complications (11/38, 29%) were the most frequent. Conclusion Adverse drug reactions and issues with IVs are frequently identified AEs reflecting their common use in paediatrics. The qualitative approach taken in this study allowed AE types to be characterised, which is a prerequisite for developing and prioritising improvements in practice.


Journal editors are uniquely positioned to observe trends in our field first-hand because of the broad flow of submissions. As the International Journal of Geographical Information Science is a truly international forum for research publication, the local bias of regional conferences is less and one can get a global picture of trends quite quickly. What is clear is that the view from place to place of what constitutes GISc research varies quite markedly and reflects local activity and concerns. The current trends, as indicated by submissions to IJGISc, seem worthy of comment. There are also other trends of importance to our authorship that need to be flagged. I will discuss these latter, more mundane, trends first.


Cassiterite-sulfide and polymetallic deposits of the Far Eastern Region (FER) were mined by both openpit and underground methods. This resulted in the emerging numerous mine workings and tailings storage facilities (TSFs) (abandoned without reclamation in latest decades) and the formation of mining technogenic mineralogical systems. Sulfide component of minerals in the mining technogenic system is subjected to hypergenic and technogenic processes (oxidation and hydrolysis reactions). As a result, highly concentrated technogenic solutions are formed, from which minerals of various classes precipitate. In this connection the purpose of this study was formulated as follows: to show the possibility of crystallization of technogenic minerals from micropore technogenic solutions. In achieving this goal the following tasks were solved: to demonstrate the possible reactions of oxidation and hydrolysis of technogenic minerals at the tailings storage facilities; to identify Eh-pH parameters of their precipitation from highly concentrated solutions; to determine their possible associations. The studies involved field observations and computations with the use of "Selector" software package. The study findings allow demonstrating possible chemical reactions and physico-chemical conditions of mineral formation for the following elements: Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb, Mg, Al, and Ca, including the following classes of minerals: oxides and hydroxides, sulfates, carbonates, arsenates and silicates. The paper presented for the first time the crystallization reactions of secondary minerals (37 ones) and their physico-chemical conditions. It was found that secondary minerals: jarosite, pitticite, siderite, tenorite, poznyakite, antlerite and ktenasite crystallize in the interval of positive temperatures, while scorodite, chalcantite, broshantite, cerussite, starkeyite, epsomite and rostite originate in cryogenic conditions (below 0 oC). All other minerals, the possibility of precipitation of which was shown in the paper, crystallized in the whole considered temperature interval, from −25 oС to +45 oС. Field studies and modeling data on formation of technogenic waters (solutions) and crystallization of secondary minerals on the surface of and inside tailings at the tailings storage facilities of the Far East showed high intensity of technogenic processes. Since the tailings storage facilities were not reclaimed, the process of environmental pollution, including the hydrosphere, would last for many decades.


Abstract Therapeutic factors were compared for adolescents participating in counseling and psycho educational groups in Israel. The analyses indicated no differences between the groups.


Abstract:  Kalis Mardiasih is a female activist and book writer who is very concerned about women's rights and security. She often shares the message in her Instagram as a form of protest against women violence, in addition, to encourage women to fight bad things that hurt themselves. In her post, she uses repetition to support the message. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the repetitions provided in the Kalis Mardiasih Instagram statement. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data source in this study is Instagram, while the data in this study are the repetitions contained in the Kalis Mardiasih Instagram's caption, on January-February 2020. Data were collected using the method of referencing and note-taking techniques. Data analysis was carried out through stages: (1) reading and translating Instagram information of Kalis Mardiasih who used repetition; (2) interpret words, phrases, sentences containing repetitions and classify them. (3) analyzing repetition; and (4) summarizing the results of all interpretations. The conclusion from this study is that the most widely used repetition of Kalis is anaphora. Because the rhyme and repeating the repeition becomes easier to read, also easily accepted and hit because all the pressure is done at the beginning of the sentence so that the message is easily accessed in the caption.


Salatiga City is a town located in the province of Central Java. In this town, there can be found many cultural heritage buildings that were built in the mid-18th century to 1940. Potential visitors would increase easier if a geographic information system is built. Tourists who visit can access the website to select or search for cultural heritage that they want to visit, therefore the availability of a geographic information system that provides information and data on the location of cultural heritage in digital maps is needed. The system must also consider aspects of the cultural heritage rating, the price of admission, and the condition of the cultural heritage to provide recommendations on which cultural heritage to be visited. Therefore the geographic information system of cultural heritage recommendations uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method which can calculate multi- criteria, multi alternatives, and provides cultural heritage recommendations. This system combines geographic information system as a provider of cultural heritage information and AHP decision support system to assist tourists in choosing cultural heritage.


Abstract : Support equipment acquisition leadtime continues to be a problem for both the United States Air Force and our foreign military sales programs. As a microcosm of the entire Department of Defense acquisition process, support equipment is often, late to need, without a complete integrated logistics support package, of poor or unstable design, and frequently requires considerable interim support. The purpose of this thesis is to look at the support equipment acquisition process from three perspectives: (1) from the overall weapon system acquisition process; (2) in the broad perspective of the integrated logistics support (ILS) concept; and (3) in the much narrower perspective of procuring organizations. The objective of this thesis is to examine support equipment acquisition from the viewpoint of the procuring organizations.


A polymer-supported ethylenediamine (EDA)–borane reagent was prepared under mild reaction conditions. The reagent was found to be efficient and selective in the reduction of aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols in high yields at room temperature. The polymeric reagent was prepared on a Merrifield resin and on a 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate-crosslinked polystyrene resin (HDODA–PS). HDODA–PS was prepared by suspension polymerization and chloromethylated by a Friedel–Crafts reaction. The preparation of the polymer-bound EDA–borane reagent involves a series of polymer analogous reactions, such as amination of the chloromethyl resin, conversion to amine hydrochloride, and, finally, complexation with sodium borohydride. The reagent exhibited good chemoselectivity in the reduction of aldehydes. The reduction reactions were carried out with a 2 molar excess of the polymeric reagent. In the competitive reduction of a 1:1 molar mixture of benzaldehyde and acetophenone, benzaldehyde was selectively reduced to benzyl alcohol. The spent resin could be recycled by treating with sodium borohydride. The recycled resin was used several times without much loss in chemical reactivity and mechanical stability. The HDODA–PS resin was found to be more efficient than was the Merrifield resin in the preparation of the reagent as well as in the reduction reactions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 593–600, 2001


Objective The inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane has presented numerous biological activities, including anti-inflammatory properties and protective effects against tissue ischemic injury. This study investigated the metabolic, hemodynamic, and inflammatory effects of sevoflurane pre- and postconditioning for short periods in the rescue of liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury using a rat model. Materials and Methods Twenty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sham group, control ischemia group (partial warm liver ischemia for 45 min followed by 4 h of reperfusion), SPC group (administration of sevoflurane 2.5% for 15 min with 5 min of washout before liver IR), and SPPoC group (administration of sevoflurane 2.5% for 15 min before ischemia and 20 min during reperfusion). Results All animals showed a decrease in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and portal vein blood flow during ischemia. After 4 h of reperfusion, only the SPPoC group had MAP recovery. In both the SPC and SPPoC groups, there was a decrease in the ALT level and an increase in the bicarbonate and potassium serum levels. Only the SPPoC group showed an increase in the arterial blood ionized calcium level and a decrease in the IL-6 level after liver reperfusion. Therefore, this study demonstrated that sevoflurane preconditioning reduces hepatocellular injury and acid-base imbalance in liver ischemia. Furthermore, sevoflurane postconditioning promoted systemic hemodynamic recovery with a decrease in inflammatory response.


The consequence of linguistic varieties being subjected to social categorisations and evaluations can be that some varieties are considered less prestigious than others, and this may result in these varieties being avoided or abandoned by speakers. Varieties considered to be prestigious, on the other hand, may have a chance of consolidating themselves and even expanding to new groups of speakers. In short, negative attitudes can inhibit certain varieties while others prosper and spread because they are regarded as attractive. It may also happen, however, that varieties wither away surrounded by what appears to be general positivity, or prosper in spite of overtly expressed negativity in their regard. In such cases, we are led to ask whether language variation in the community is imbued with other and different social values of a more covert nature.


Clustering is the form of unsupervised classification which aims for grouping the datasets based on their similarities and its characteristics. The advanced growing technology in image capturing devices leads to large collection of images in the web. CBIR systems are an active research area developed for effective image retrieval from the large collection of images. Clustering algorithms optimizes the image search in the large databases and improves the efficiency of image retrieval system. For each clustering technique the retrieval accuracy is computed by comparing the results of retrieval without clustering against results of retrieval with clustering. Keywords—CBIR, image clustering, retrieval accuracy, Image Annotation,Precision and Recall.


We present a phase-field model for multiphase flow for an arbitrary number of immiscible incompressible fluids with variable densities and viscosities. The model consists of a system of the Navier−Stokes equations coupled to multicomponent Cahn−Hilliard variational inequalities. The proposed formulation admits a natural energy law, preserves physically meaningful constraints and allows for a straightforward modelling of surface tension effects. We propose a practical fully discrete finite element approximation of the model which preserves the energy law and the associated physical constraints. In the case of matched densities we prove convergence of the numerical scheme towards a weak solution of the continuous model. The convergence of the numerical approximations also implies the existence of weak solutions. Furthermore, we propose a convergent iterative fixed-point algorithm for the solution of the discrete nonlinear system of equations and present several computational studies of the proposed model.


5-(Chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) is a carbohydrate-derived platform molecule that is gaining traction as a more practical alternative to 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF). This perspective introduces the chemocatalytic approach to biorefining as the driving force behind the development of multifunctional chemical platforms. The main advantage of CMF over HMF is that it can be produced in high yield under mild conditions directly from raw biomass. Its stability and hydrophobicity markedly facilitate isolation. CMF is also a precursor to levulinic acid (LA), another versatile biobased intermediate. The logistics of CMF production are discussed, including reactor materials, HCl handling and management, byproducts, and the fate of collateral biomass components (hemicellulose, lipids, proteins, lignin). Examples of commercial markets that can be unlocked by synthetic manipulation of CMF are broken out into two derivative manifolds, furanic and levulinic, which are distributed over three product family trees: renew...


Cell walls of Zea mays (cv LG.II) seedings labeled with 14C were treated with a-mylase from Bacilku sblis to remove starch and mixed linkage gcn. These walls released arbinose, xylose, gctose, and galaturonic acid in addition to glucose when they were allowed to autolyze. Methyftion analysis was perforned on samples of wall which had been bated atolyicaly and the results indicated that degrda- tion of the majr polymer of the walL the gluconrabinoxylan, had occurred. A amber of glyausses could be dissociated from the wall by use of 3 M LiCL. The proteins which were released were found to contain a number of exogly cia activities in addition to being effective in degradi'ng the polysaccharide substrates, araban, xyan, glatn, lami- narin, ma_nn, and polygkawouic acid. The effects of thee enzmes on the wall during antolysis appear to resul from endo-activity in addion to exo-activity. The structu chags that occurred in the cell wall during autolysis were found to be related to the changes previously fomud to occur in cell walls duing auxin induced extenson. and 0.4% (w/w) XF-1 150 silicone oil coated on Gas Chrom Q (100-120 mesh). Separation was performed with a nitrogen carrier gas flow of 40 ml min-' using the programs described (8). Peak areas were integrated using a Pye Unicam D.P.88 computing integrator. Commercially available polysaccharides were also methyl- ated by the above procedure in order to obtain standards for relative retention times. Ten mg of the following samples were methylated and derivatized:


Reflecting on Lushan Conference,particularly on CPC democracy,we obtain mainly experiences as follows: to forcefully encourage freedom of speech,to implement democratic centralism,to ascertain that the CPC Representative Conference is the supreme organ of power,to seriously do up CPC institutionalization.The lessons we obtain are as follows: the ever-increasing paternalism and personality cult within CPC,the relative low quality of democracy practice by some CPC leaders,and the highly centralized power.


Obama's energy policies need to start domestically but aspire to global influence. The basic philosophy should be to rely on markets whenever they work well, but to step in aggressively when market failures appear. This means making the costs of global warming, air pollution, and energy security visible to energy consumers. It means seeking ways to recirculate more dollars domestically in order to reduce trade deficits. It means encouraging a greater diversity of institutional arrangements in energy industries, perhaps encouraging more community energy cooperatives alongside the investor-owned utilities. It means encouraging regional diversity that takes advantage of local resources, thus producing bioenergy from solid waste in urbanized New Jersey and from switchgrass in rural Kansas. Obama's policies should privilege consumer interests over producer interests when those interests conflict, because everyone is a consumer. Obama should aggressively pursue innovations in the energy sector because they can help sidestep painful tradeoffs among objectives.


Seasoned fish meat floss ("abon ikan" ) is a processed fish made from fish meat and traditionally processed by boiling, seasoning and frying. The frying method that is usually used is a deep frying. The unsaturated fatty acids and the oil content in the product cause a rancidity problem during the product is stored at room temperature. The aim of the research is to find out the effect of a deep frying and a pan frying methods application on the seasoned fish meat floss processing using red tilapia and the storage time at room temperature to the rancidity development and the shelf-life of the products based on the rancidity variable analysis (PV, TBA, AASC, Aw values) and the hedonic values of the products. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern (2 x 3 ). Based on the chemical analysis results and the hedonic value of the product stored up to 15 days at a room temperature it was found that the product processed by the pan frying method had a better quality and it was not rancid yet. The characteristics of the product were as followed : PV (4.3699 miliequivalent / kg lipid , TBA (3.5215 mg malonaldehyde / kg sample), AASC (0.4727abs unit/g/ml) , Aw(0.47)  whereas the odour and the flavour  value was 7.2 respectively. Keywords : Seasoned fish meat floss, red tilapia, deep frying, pan frying, quality


Objectives: Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the upper genital tract often results in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and its sequels include ectopic pregnancy (EP), miscarriage and tubal infertility. This study was aimed to evaluate the rate of C. trachomatis detection as well as anti-C trachomatis antibodies in women with EP.


Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) was synthesized by the method of liquid-phase synthesis, in which phthalic acid and potassium hydroxide were chosen as the reactants. The structure and composition of the compound were characterized by chemical and elemental analyses, X-ray powder diffraction, and X-ray crystallography. Low-temperature heat capacities of the compound were measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from (78 to 400) K. A polynomial equation of the heat capacities as a function of the temperature was fitted by a least-squares method. The smoothed heat capacities and the thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to 298.15 K were calculated and tabulated at an interval of 5 K. In accordance with Hess' law, a thermochemical cycle was designed. The enthalpy change of the reaction of phthalic acid with potassium acetate was determined to be ΔrHmo = −(4.298 ± 0.493) kJ·mol−1 by use of an isoperibol solution-reaction calorimeter, and the standard mola...


Let p be a prime and L an An-extension over a number field K. The aim of this paper is to estimate the ratio of the p-class number of L to the ambiguous p-class number of L with respect to K.


How to reference this editorial: Quiroz, G. (2011). Holmes and new profiles in translation. Ikala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura 16(1) , 5-10.


Bacteria necessitate multiple signal transduction systems to sense the ever-changing environments and mediate the cellular response accordingly. The major bacterial signal transduction systems are one-component system (1CS), two-component system (2CS) and extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor. Compared to 1CSs and 2CSs, ECF σ factors have only been identified much later and therefore the knowledge about their molecular mechanisms and physiological roles is less profound. This thesis mainly focuses on the study of ECF σ factors from the bacterial phyla, Planctomycetes and Actinobacteria.


Even in Poland, the Catholic Church is in deep crisis - in a country that used to be considered one of the last bastions of Catholicism in Europe. Women are demonstrating by the tens of thousands against abortion legislation and combining this with sharp criticism of the Church. Polish cardinals are being reprimanded by Pope Francis, even the late Polish Pope John Paul II has been caught in the maelstrom of criticism from his countrymen.
 Reinhold Vetter analyses the historical, political, and social background for the belated onset of secularisation in this country: from Christianisation in the Middle Ages to the special path under communism, to current developments.


Breeding objectives are largely determined by market requirements. In the tropics, the overa ll breeding objective can be considered in terms o f growth, reproductive rate, carcass quality, adaptation and temperament. Growth rate is a simple e f f ic ie n t selection tra it . Reasons why potentia l increases in mature size are not as disadvantageous as in temperate areas are discussed. Reproductive performance has been less important in harsh than benign environments because of the later age of turnoff and higher drought risk of f e r t i l e cows. Current market trends towards younger slaughter stock h igh light the need to id en tify marker tra its in bulls for cow f e r t i l i t y . Adaptive tra its have been defined for heat tolerance, parasite and disease resistance. I t is not yet clear under what conditions d irect selection fo r adaptation is l ik e ly to be advantageous. I t may be appropriate where genotype environment interactions need to be considered.


Prostatic cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplasia in men; the number of cases has continuously increased over the past decades. Interaction of epithelial and stromal cells in the prostatic cancer is also included in the growth and local dissemination. Possible consequences of changes in tumor stroma are peritumoral cleftings histologicaly visible in many prostatic cancers.
The aims of this study were to analyze expression of extracellular matrix proteins, tenascin-C, fibronectin and galectin-3 in stroma of the prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia and establish their possible connection with peritumoral clefting. Prevalence of the limphocapilary vessels in the tumor was compared with peritumoral clefting extension.
For the expression of tenascin-C, fibronectin and galectin-3 and demarcation of the lymph vessels with D2-40 immunohistochemical analysis were performed.
Peritumoral clefts were farther expressed in carcinoma compared to BPH (2-test, p<0,001). Fibronectin and galectin-3 were more expressed in tumorous epithelial cells regarded BHP (2-test, p=0,017 for fibronectin and p=0,029 for galectin-3). Positive correlation between extension of peritumoral clefts and expression of fibronectin in epitel was found (Spearman correlation coefficient, p=0.015). All three proteins showed distinction in stromal expression between carcinomatous and BPH stroma (2-test, p<0,001). Statistical analysis confirmed positive correlation between stromal expression of tenascin-c and extention of periglandular clefts (Spearman correlation coefficient, p=0.006). Results also showed that peritumoral clefts do not represent lymph vessels. Median number of lymph vessels mimicking peritumoral clefts was 0 (Mann-Whitney test, p<0,001).
Our study indicates that changes occurring in cancer stroma, regarding expression of different proteins, tenascin-c, fibronectin and galectin-3 are associated with extension of peritumoral clefting and also that lymph vessels are not periglandular clefts.


The development of commercial unit simulation calculation software of heavy oil catalytic cracking was studied, including the building of 11 lumping heavy oil reaction network, model deduction of different type reactors, setting and calculation of unit factors. The gas products correlation model strengthened the software function and met the requirement of predicting gas distribution; The feed structure correlation model reduced the work and difficulty of analysis, and strengthened the software adaptability. The simulation calculation of FCC aromatic extraction combination technology and the validation results show the strong adaptability and high accuracy of the software.


The main goal of this study is to investigate the influence of store formats and sales promotion on consumers selecting retail store. The data was collected through an online survey of 230 Indomaret consumers in Bandung, and were analyzed using SmarPLS 3. The results reveal that both store format and sales promotion significantly influence on consumers' purchase decision. This current study also shows the large number of students as Indomaret consumers with indicators such as coupons, shopper cards, products line, and customer care that strongly influence on purchase decision. Limited to one city and one retail store only. The research hasn't been extended to other marketing communication mix tools such as Public relations, Personal selling, direct marketing, media Advertising impact or effect. The research results of the present study will contribute to better understanding the incidence of consumers' perception of store formats benefits on their decision to make shopping over sales promotion, thus allowing retailers to perform sales promotion as a perfect technique for boosting their sales effectively. Although sales promotion better impacts consumers' purchase decision than store format, it's a short-term tool that should be used with great caution so as not to tarnish the brand image. Consequently, this research contributes to the advancement of knowledge, particularly in retailing, by establishing the effect of the store format and sales promotion on consumers' purchasing decision in an Asian country.


There is provided a method of monitoring stored procedures that are executed in a database management system. The method may comprise providing the following event data and an identification of the stored procedure for one of the stored procedures: a first time which indicates a start of one embodiment; a second time which indicates an end of the execution; at least one SQL statement ID that is assigned to a SQL statement that is executed as part of the stored procedure; and for each SQL statement identifier a counter indicating the number of executions, which indicates how often associated SQL statements between the first time and the second time are executed as part of the stored procedure. Furthermore, the method may include providing regular database monitoring information by the database management system including running values of parameters SQL statements that can be seen with reference to the SQL statement identification. Furthermore, the values of the number of executions can be correlated.


Upper rate management of a dual chamber pacemaker requires sensing of the atrium and Jimitufion of ventricular response to desired levels. Lim iiation of ventricular rate response is accompJished by setting atriai channel refractoriness which consists of two separate and continuous intervals, the atrioventricular interval (AV interval) and the atrial re fractory interval, after the ventricular pace or sense event (AR interval). A P‐wave that falls within the total atrial refractory interval (TARI) remains unsensed and one that falls beyond the TARI is sensed. If the upper rate limit interval (URI) is programmed to equal the TARI, the upper rate limit will occur by development of sudden AV block. If the URI is of greater duration (lower allowed rate) than the TARI, the difference in interval between the two is the Wenckebach interval (WI) and is the duration of a response plaleau, when the atrial coupling interval is less than the upper rate interval. All dual chamber timing cycles can be interpreted in terms of atrial refractoriness and upper rate limitation with consid eration of the lower rate interval, and the ventricular refractory and blanking intervals.


To my considerable surprise, I found myself agreeing with everything that Barer and colleagues[1][1] wrote in their CMAJ salon article. The authors are right in describing Canadian health care as an "essentially unmanaged system where physicians can practise what they want, where they want, when


This article presents the results of a research carried out with egress from Tourism courses located in Curitiba that aimed to compare their expectations during their undergraduate studies with their current professional activities. The quantitative research was released on line using the form toll from Google Docs, with a sample of 215 valid questionnaires, answered in February and March 2009. This way, it is showed a basic profile of the sample, moving to the professional situation right after the graduation and the professional involvement with Tourism Planning, of those who embraced this area. It can be concluded that the participation of these professionals in the labour market tends to be badly paid and that their participation in Tourism Planning is discreet and often shared with another professional activity.


Breast cancer is found to be the most prevalent neoplasm in women worldwide. Despite the function of physically tethering cells to the matrix, transmembrane protein integrins are crucially involved in diverse cellular functions such as cell differentiation, proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis. Dysregulation of integrins and their interactions with the cells and their microenvironment can trigger several signaling cues that determine the cell fate decision. In this review, we spotlight all pre‐existing integrin molecules, their structure, molecular interactions motifs, and function through several cross talks with kinase receptors. We also discuss the role of these integrins as potential prognostic and therapeutic targets and also in the regulation of breast cancer cells differentiation. Understanding of integrin structure and their motifs for ligand interactions in this context will enable the development of new therapeutic approaches to sensitize the tumors and their microenvironment to conventional therapy and overall suppress their metastatic phenotype.


The electrostatic field in the space excited by a thunderstorm cloud reflects the trend of the spatial potential and has a great influence on the selection of lightning discharge paths. Some studies have used an approximate method to calculate the electrostatic field excited by a thunderstorm cloud, but the error is still relatively large. In order to improve the computational accuracy, the second-order approximate solution of the electric field is obtained in this paper by using a binomial expansion of the complex quantized function, discarding the higher-order small terms and integrating the main term according to the convergence of the function. The first-order approximate solution and the second-order approximate solution are used to calculate the electrostatic field excited by a thunderstorm cloud using the same version of MATLAB on the same configuration of computers. By comparison, it is found that the computation time using the two approximate solutions is not much different, but the error between the second-order approximate solution and the exact solution is significantly smaller than that between the first-order approximate solution and the exact solution. It is shown that using the second-order approximate solution to calculate the electrostatic field of a thunderstorm cloud can greatly improve the computational accuracy without sacrificing the computational efficiency, which is of great significance for the accurate warning when lightning is approaching.


We report on the ferromagnetism of conducting filaments formed in a NiO thin film, which exhibited a typical bistable resistive switching characteristic. The NiO thin film showed an antiferromagnetic hysteresis loop for a high resistive state (R(OFF)). However, for a low resistive state (R(ON)), the conducting filaments exhibited a ferromagnetic hysteresis loop for the field cooling. The ferromagnetic hysteresis behavior of the R(ON) state reveals switchable exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic Ni conducting filaments and the antiferromagnetic NiO layer.


The research on Projects traversing Yellow River of South-to-North Water Transfer Engineering and river regime and flood control have experienced more than 10 years.These researches included field survey, prototype data analysis, mathematical model simulation and physical model simulation carried out at four different scales and different conditions and traversing lengths.Except for the Changjiang River Science Research Institute,many famous domestic groups such as the Yellow River Water Conservancy Science Institute, Wuhan University, Tsinghua University, etc. also gave special researches on it. Different results of the different groups have the similar rule and are in accordance with each other and can be the scientific bases for national policy decision. This article has synthesized and arranged the above results.This paper has synthesized and arranged the above results.


In the sense that myth is a reordering of various random elements into an intelligible, useful pattern, a structuring of the past in terms of present priorities, nineteenth-century Englishmen were inveterate myth-makers. As liberal and scientific thought shook the foundations of belief, the Victorians erected gothic spires as monuments to a medieval order of supposedly simple, strong faith. While their industrial masses languished, they extolled the virtues of self-made men. Confronted with foreign competitors and rebellious colonials, they instinctively asserted the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race. In classic myth-making style, the Victorians set about "reorganizing traditional components in the face of new circumstances or, correlatively, in reorganizing new, imported components in the light of tradition." Myth not only serves self-validating ends; it also provides a cohesive rationale, a fulcrum propelling people towards great achievements. If the Victorians were confident and self-congratulatory, they had cause to be: their material, intellectual, and political accomplishments were many. Not the least of their successes was in the sphere of sports and games, a subject often ignored by historians. Especially in the development of ball games—Association and Rugby football, cricket, lawn tennis, and golf—the Victorians modernized old games, created new ones, and exported them all to the four corners of the earth. Stereotyped as overly-serious folk, they in fact "taught the world to play." Since sport, more than most forms of human activity, lends itself to myth-making, it is not surprising to find a myth emerging among the late-Victorians having to do with the origins of Rugby football. Like baseball's Doubleday myth, the tale of William Webb Ellis inspiring the distinctive game of rugby is a period piece, reflecting more of the era which gave it birth than of the event to which it referred.


By Stephanie Jones-Berry senior news reporter, RCNi \@NurseNewsSteph I f you are embarking on a nursing degree this autumn, you are in good company. Competition was fierce, with more than 50,000 people applying for a place on a UK course starting this month. Recent figures from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) show a 6% rise in the overall number of applicants to nursing Whether you are starting a course for the first time or returning for another year, Nursing Standard has put together a one-stop guide to keeping on top of your finances while you study.


The spherically reduction of the 4d Einstein-Hilbert action reduces to a 2d dilaton theory[1], which can be shown to be equivalent to a first order action (with nonvanishing torsion)[2] being a special case of a Poisson-σ model[3].


This study investigates a simple method for the preparation of floating photocatalysts in which the surface of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is partially dissolved using a diluted solvent that contains TiO2 particles.


Of the more recent accounts of the Middle and Upper Chalk of Cambridge, only that of Jukes-Browne employs the definitions of zonal boundaries now usually accepted in England; for the most part, the horizons to which he refers the exposures are correct.


Targeting of specific tissues and cells by viruses is one of the challenges faced by researchers. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are one of the most promising gene delivery systems in cancer gene therapy. Therefore, we aimed to design a novel lentiviral delivery system that expresses anti‐ human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) designed anykrin repeat protein (DARPin) on the vector envelope to create a pseudotyped lentivirus for targeting HER2‐positive cancer cells.


The purpose of this article is to evaluate the psychometric properties of Ryff´s Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB) in Argentinean sample. For this, van Dierendonck version of 39 items and Diaz et al. version of 29 items, were used. Participants in this study included 396 students. Based in previous findings, six models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. None of these models showed adequate goodness of fit to the data. To improve the psychometric properties, a new version is proposed. Several exploratory factor analyses were performed. The results of these analyses showed a 3 factor solution conformed by: (a) Autonomy; (b) Positive relationships and; (c) Competence. This version exhibited better internal consistency coefficients and a good fit to the data.


As a young Jewish girl in occupied France, Kofman remained hidden during much of the war and thereby escaped deportation. Her memoir Rue Ordener, rue Labat describes what happened to her, and its publication was followed shortly afterwards by her suicide. Her memoir raises questions which are key to this study about repressed memory, the interpretation of the unsaid, and the continuing devastating consequences of trauma, spoken or unspoken.


AbstractIntellectual property rights have been extended in scope and, in some cases, in time to such extent that questions may be raised about the allocation of such proprietary knowledge resources. It may be questioned in particular whether excessive rent seeking opportunities in certain intellectual property-protected knowledge resources may lead to misallocations.


Synthesis of some novel 1-piperidin-4-yl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one analogs (10 -17) were prepared from commercially available 1,2-phenylenediamine. Compounds (10 -17) were tested for Gram positive: Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Gram negative: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas arzenous, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhii bacterial cultures. Compounds 10 – 13 were found to be highly active against Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli.