Reflective music education practitioners have a responsibility to reflect on the past as well as the present. Thus, historical research in music education is vital to professional self knowledge and to future progress. An exploration of the similarities and disparities between the ideas and methods for initial music instruction developed by two music educators of the late nineteenth century, one from Australia, and the other from America, might provide such an opportunity. Both included color in their teaching methods, and both suggested using birds of specific colors on flash cards and wall charts to represent the different degrees of the tonic sol-fa scale. Both suggested using colored balls to reinforce the concepts they were teaching. Both provided well designed, sequential learning in music which involved practical work clearly appealing to children. The two educators knew of each other, and both were very familiar with the tonic sol-fa system. Immediate the question arises: Who influenced whom? Careful investigation reveals that although both educators had used colors for similar purposes, they had allocated the colors differently across the degrees of the scale. One educator had followed the sequence of the colors of the spectrum-red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet-while the other used the six primary and secondary colors omitting indigo and including black. A simplified tonic sol-fa modulator designed by nineteenth-century Australian music educator and tonic sol-fa advocate, Samuel McBurney, has


Fast intra-prediction model selection is an important technology which can improve the encoding capability for H.264/AVC.It is possible to adopt the Rate-Distortion Optimized(RDO) mode in H.264 to maximize the coding gain at the cost of a very high computational complexity.To solve this problerm,fast intra-prediction algorithm for H.264/AVC is discussed firstly in this paper.Then some different fast algorithms are analyzed.It is demonstrated that they all reduce the intra-prediction time greatly,and it maintains high prediction precision and subjective picture quality.


J. Inst. Brew. 111(4), 372–379, 2005 Ferulic acid, a very attractive natural antioxidant is present in beer in free form, but the main form is the bound form as feruloylated oligosaccharides. Previous research showed that feruloylated oligosaccharides more effectively inhibited lipid and Low Density Lipoprotein oxidation than free ferulic acid. The aim of the present study was to evaluate free and bound ferulic acid concentrations throughout the brewing process in experimental mashes (worts, beers during fermentation, maturation and storage), and to conduct a comparison in commercial beers. Another aim of the study was to investigate methods to increase levels of bound ferulic acid in beer due to the potential health benefits. Specifically, the influence of commercial enzyme preparations on both forms of ferulic acid contents was studied. Five commercial enzyme preparations during mashing were examined: Celluclast, Shearzyme, Viscozyme, Cereflo and Ultraflo. In all experimental beers, the concentrations of esterified ferulic acid were 4–6 fold higher than the corresponding free ferulic acid contents, depending on the enzyme preparation used. Ferulic acid contents in the ester form in experimental beers were in the range of 748.4 mg/hL to 1244.3 mg/hL, whereas the contents of free ferulic acid were in the range of 134.6 mg/hL to 275.2 mg/hL. Comparison of free and bound ferulic acid contents in experimental beers, produced using enzyme preparations and commercial beers found in a local market, showed that concentrations of bound ferulic acid in experimental beers were significantly higher than in commercial beers, whereas concentrations of free ferulic acid in experimental and commercial beers were comparable.


Intent detection and slot filling are two main tasks in the domain of Spoken Language Understanding (SLU). The methods employed may treat the intent detection and slot filling as two independent tasks or use a joint model. Using a joint model takes into account the cross impact between the two tasks. In this article, we introduce CoBiC a new model combining CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), Bidirectional LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) and CRF (Conditional Random Field) to extract the intents and the related slots. The same architecture of CoBiC can either be used as an independent model or joint model for intent detection and slot filling. Our method improves the state-of-the-art results on ATIS (Airline Travel Information Systems) benchmark. We also apply our model on a private dataset consisting of clients requests to a vocal assistant. The results demonstrate that CoBiC has strong generalization capability.


In the paper, a method of noise elimination using 2D mid-value filtering has been developed for the data processing of electromagnetic sounding(CEMP) by analyzing some existing noise elimination techniques. The method is much more efficient for depressing or eliminating the random noise and high industry EM interferes in the measure data than traditional ones, and at the same time is effective to static shift correction, too.


The purpose of this analysis is to calculate the number densities for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) to be used in criticality evaluations of the Multi-Purpose Canister (MPC) waste packages. The objective of this analysis is to provide material number density information which will be referenced by future MPC criticality design analyses, such as for those supporting the Conceptual Design Report.


The publication is on the needs and how to build the image of units. The issue of image more boldly penetrates the government within the meaning of individual and collective, and the local and regional level. Article is intended for practitioners, local government, local community organizations and students interested in this special issue of territorial marketing in terms of the application of the various groups of instruments promotion (advertising, public relations and sponsorship) to create the image units


In this paper, we introduce IEEE 802.11p technology that is under Std. for Car to Infrastructure communication as IEEE p1609.x and WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment). The WAVE device utilizes a combined FDMA/TDMA scheme to manage network bandwidth. We present the design, proposal device with dual channel support 802.11p wireless device. The simulations are conducted to verity the proposed Dual PHY device model, which demonstrates that MPD(Mobile IP based dual channel support 802.11P Device) yields much better performance than any of the previously reported counterparts in terms of packet loss and delay.


Capital structure is the outcome of finance decisions in some period of time,and as a result the effects of market timing on equity financing decisions may also play an important role in changes in capital structure.We discuss the appli-(cability) of market timing theory stage by stage in China capital market, including the short-term impacts of stock valuations on the financing implement selection.The outcomes indicate that market valuations have momentous effects on equity(financing) decision of China listed corporations,and the firms with high valuations prefer to issue equity.


This paper proposes a novel approach for the completion of natural scenery images, which automatically detects the blemish region in the image for restoration. This approach consists of two filtering steps and uses shape information to detect the blemish region. Then, the detected regions are marked with a specified color, so that image completion is conveniently implemented in the area we detected. We demonstrate this approach with an image database containing a variety of scenery images, especially the images or frescoes of Dunhuang, which are the relics of Chinese culture and are urgently needed to be protected and restored. The experiment results show that our approach is effective when integrated with the subsequent image completion procedure.


With the aim of satisfying students' need for improved English speaking skills in order to handle the growing challenges of international communication in a globalized world, the study was conducted to examine the benefits of drama and questioning techniques to enhance verbal communicative skills. The attitudes of students towards English instruction employing such techniques were also investigated. The experiment was conducted with an intact group of 15 non-native undergraduate students whose major was not English. To collect data, the speaking achievement pre- and post-tests were administered. The investigation of students' attitudes towards the instruction using drama and questioning techniques was conducted by employing a triangulation of data collection instruments consisting of teacher's diaries, students' journals, and attitude questionnaires. Research findings revealed that there was statistically significant difference between the mean scores students obtained from the pre- and post-tests. The data obtained from students' journals and attitude questionnaires manifested students' positive attitudes towards English instruction delivered through drama and


A brief recital of the leading features of the following case, together with a description of the operation performed, will fur nish a text on which I will base my remarks: William Sutherland, aged 23, of Providence, R. I., was admit ted to the surgical division of the Presbyterian Hospital during the early part of 1885. For over a year he had been suffering with very severe symptoms, referable to the right side of the thorax, consisting of pain, cough, expectoration, fever, emacia tion, and finally a spontaneous discharge of pus from the pleural cavity. The opening which took place in his chest occurred, without surgical interference, about six or seven months previons to ad mission. A free discharge of pus from this opening (situated in the second intercostal space in front) continued until his entrance to the hospital. Under the steady drain of this]discharge his gen eral condition rapidly depreciated and hectic fever ensued. When he first entered the hospital, examination of the patient revealed the following condition: Emaciation and anasma are well marked; pulse and breathing accelerated; in respiration only the leftside of the chest expands; on the right side the chest-wall is rigid and sunken; the ribs are crowded together and very tender on pressure. There is an opening in the second intercostal space about three or three and a half inches from the median line. This opening gives vent to a large quantity of creamy yellow pus every time the patient Coughs or makes muscular exertion. From the second intercos tal space downward there is flatness on percussion, the whole cavity of the chest being evidently full of pus. The lung is crowded into the upper and posterior part of the thoracic cavity,


Any opinion, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and therefore the NRF, Telkom and IST do not accept any liability thereto.


Object of the present paper is to give a general and systematic survey of the recycling properties of aluminium. Those material properties, which are relevant to material and product recycling are described. Furthermore, the recently evolved rules far a recycling-oriented product design are taken into account and some examples for their application on aluminium product are given. As a result at this it becomes evident, that the recycling properties of aluminium alloys are very attractive. This in fact represents the prerequisite for high level recycling-strategies


Focusing on children and young people who have additional needs and who use specialist services, this PSSRU research programme brings an economic perspective to studies of service provision and use of services. There is a poor evidence base and today's economic climate will mean increasing budget constraints giving greater impetus to demands for evidence on costs, costsavings and cost-effectiveness. This research programme comprises three core areas: services for disabled children, child and adolescent mental health services and exploration of the health and social care interface. It includes seven linked research projects undertaken with other institutions and the economic component for two five-year programmes funded by the National Institute for Health Research and two programmes funded by the Department for Children, Schools and Families.


Based on the previous studies on the sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of coal bearing strata in late paleozoic basin of North China and the peripheral exploration area,high resoultion sequence stratigraphic study has been performed on coal bearing strata in the exploration area of Yangqu area according to the quantitative depositional environment analysis on individual section,and outcrop sequence stratigraphy.We have recognized 3 types of basement sequence interfaces,type I and Ⅱ of epicontinental sea,and 5 types of parasequences basement lagoon,platform and coast complex,clastic offshore,swamp and shallow delta. Furthermore,2 sequences of and 14 parasequences have been classified,on which the sequence stratigraphy framework has been set up in the study area on the bases of these studies,the main coal and rock seams of the explortion area and its vicinity have been correlted.As a result,the paper also discussed and summarized the method and procedure to apply theories of sequence stratigraphy to correlation of coal and rock seams in the exploration area.


It never ceases to amaze me just how far the government is prepared to insult nurses. We've had enough of the ridiculous below inflation pay rises, enough of the dangerous staffing levels and enough of the increasing workloads.


Donald Trump's agenda to build a "big" and "beautiful" border wall continues to raise alarms for anyone concerned with social justice and environmental well-being throughout the Mexico–U.S. borderlands. In this article, I examine how the border wall and its surrounding debates raise multiple issues central to political ecological and human geographic scholarship into governance across the organic spectrum. I focus particularly on a comparison of the different kinds of "border thinking" that frame these debates and that provide synergy for those coalitions dedicated to the preservation of diversity throughout the ecological and social landscapes of the Mexico–U.S. borderlands. Key Words: biodiversity, decolonial, feminist, Mexico–U.S. borderlands, neoliberal.


People have been paying more attention to the influence of the transverse effect of light fields on instability in the lasert. Gao Jin-yue, Narducci and Lugiato have theoretically discussed the instability of the system of axially symmetrical and only radially varying distribution of laser fields. Ba En-xu et al. have made experimental researches on


Agro-industries generate a high amount of solid waste, wastewater and emissions. In Indonesia's case, many small and medium-scale agro-industries have problems in treating or in valorising their wastes. Specific to wastewater, due to lack of waste treatment facilities or financial support, as well as lack of policies enforcement, many agro-industries directly disposed of the wastewater to the river bodies. Such practices can have a detrimental effect on the environment due to the accumulation of both organic and an-organic pollutants. This study aimed to investigate the potential of various agro-industrial wastewater (i.e. batik wastewater, tofu-processing wastewater and tempeh-processing wastewater) from Malang City as single feedstock for biogas production. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was employed under a mesophilic condition and operated for 28 days. The results indicated that anaerobic digestion (AD) of tempeh-processing wastewater produced more biogas and methane potential compared to other wastewater samples. The specific methane potential (SMP) from the AD of tempeh-processing wastewater was 0.027 m3/kgVSadded. However, the energy potential calculation indicated that using these wastewater samples was not feasible as a single feedstock for an anaerobic digestion system. Therefore, combining with other potential biomass feedstock as co-substrates is recommended for further in-depth investigation.


Traditional history of contemporary Chinese literature developed its clear and smooth narration of literary history by selecting and rejecting historical objects according to a particular view of history.However,the objectivity,reality and believability of this sort of literary history meets with increasing doubt.The style of chronicles re-establishes a history closer to the original state and people's trust in history without emphasizing the compiler's function of personal choice or damaging the objectivity and affluence of the historical subject.Thus it rises in response to the proper time as the proper pattern of literary history at the turn of centuries.However,lacking in systematicness and integrity of historical narration,the traditional style of chronicles was trivial and scattered.Therefore,all other advantages should be adopted to re-establish a chronic pattern of "modern edition" of contemporary Chinese literature.


The article provides several opinions on the reform of the course of statistics,including,choosing the targeted, professional and various level teaching content;applying the diversified,flexible and innovative teaching methods;enhancing the focus of the teaching of the mathematics experiment class and mathematics mode building class;empahsizing on the teaching connecting with the reality and culturing the students'applied capacity.


Abstract An Euler-Bernoulli beam interacting with a foundation of Winkler, Pasternak or Hetenyi type is considered. The beam, of circular cross-section, is made of viscoelastic material of Kelvin-Voigt type. Damping of the foundation is taken into account. The length and volume of the beam are fixed. The beam is linearly tapered from both ends and is axially loaded by a non-conservative force P(t) = P0 + P1 cos ϑt. The ends of the beam are simply supported. Only the first region of instability is considered. The shape of the beam is optimal if the critical value of the amplitude of the oscillating component of the loading is maximal. Results of numerical examples are presented on graphs.


In the present work some of 1,2,3-selenadiazole compounds derived from corresponding semicabazones have been prepared. The reaction of substituted chalcone compounds (1a-c) and 4-methoxy benzyl cyanide give compounds (2a-c) which were converted through the reaction with semicarbazide hydrochloride into the corresponding semicarbazones (3a-d(. The treatment of these compounds with selenium dioxide leads to ring closure of semicarbazones to give the 1,2,3-selenadiazole compounds. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established by physical and spectral methods. Introduction In the last years heterocyclic compounds containing selenium atom are of considerable chemical and biochemical interest due to their synthetic and biological applications, they are similar in chemical and physical properties with the corresponding organo-sulfur compounds but not identical in bond stability (1-3) . Selenium compounds are less stable on exposure to light or heat and are more easily oxidized than their sulfur analogous due to the larger size of the selenium atom and an increased in polarizability, therefore they are in general, less stable than the corresponding sulfur analogues (4) . Selenols and selenide anions are more Cyclization of Semicarbazones to 1,2,3-Selenadiazoles By Selenium Dioxide. 22 potent nucleophiles with a greater facility for carbon bonding than their corresponding sulfur-anions, organo-selenium compounds are extremely unpleasant and had pervasive odors, nowadays remarkable level of interest among chemists and biochemists in organo-selenium compounds, This has been increased particularly with the growing recognition of their key roles in biological processes, not least their potential as possible anti carcinogens (5) . A considerable number of selenium analogous of organosulfur compounds are known and many of them have been isolated from biological materials and their properties were investigated (6) . Although some aspects of the metabolism of organo-sulfur compounds resemble those of their sulfur analogous, their metabolic pathways diverge considerably. Many have also been synthesized and their possible uses, industrially and medicinally, have been investigated (7) . The particular interest from the nutrition point of view are the selenoaminocarboxylic acids, selenium-containing peptides, and selenium derivatives of nucleic acids that occur naturally in body cells and tissues. (8) . Heterocyclic systems containing 1,2,3-selenadiazole ring was recently investigated and prepared by several workers (9) , as they are not only versatile intermediates (10) , but also have attracted much attention for their antifungal (11) , antibacterial (12) , antimicrobial (13) and insecticidal activities (14) . EXPERIMENTAL All chemicals were purchased from Fluka and BDH Chemical Ltd. The melting points were measured on an Electrothermal 9300 Engineering LTD and were uncorrected. IR spectra were recorded on Infrared Spectrophotometer Model Tensor 27, Bruker Co., Germany, using KBr discs. The UV spectra were recorded on UV-Visible Shimadzu 1601 Spectrophotometer. General procedure for the preparation of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1(aryl)-2-propene-1-one(1a-c) (15,16) . In a round bottom flask provided with mechanical stirrer, a solution of (5ml) (10%NaOH) and (80ml) of EtOH was placed. A mixture of (0.25 mole) of substituted acetophenone and (0.25 mole) of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde were added with vigorous stirring and the stirring continued for 45 min. The produced precipitate was filtered off ,washed with cooled water and recrystallized from ethanol .The physical and spectral data are given in Table (1). General procedure for the preparation of 2,3-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) -4-substituted benzoyl butyronitrile (2a-c) (17) . 4-Methoxy benzyl cyanide (0.08 mole) was added to different chalcones (1a-c) (0.08 mole) as ether solution in presence of sodium ethoxide (0.016 mole) in ethanol. The reaction mixture was kept at room temperature for about 20 hours. Acidification of the mixture by adding a few drops of acetic acid gave a precipitate which was recrystallised from ethanol to get compounds (2a-c). Omar Th. Ali Al-Obaidy 23 General procedure for the preparation of 1-[(4-cyano-3,4-bis(4methoxyphenyl)-1-arylbutylidene)] semicarbazone(3a-c) (18) . To a warm solution of (0.01 mole) of the appropriate ketone (2a-c) in (30ml) of ethanol, a solution of equimolar amount (0.07 mole) of semicarbazide hydrochloride and sodium acetate in (20ml) of water was added and the mixture was refluxed for 4 hrs. The solution was cooled and poured on to crushed ice and extracted with chloroform. The solvent was evaporated and the product was recrystallized from ethanol. The physical and spectral data of new 1-[(4-cyano-3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) -1-arylbutylidene)] semicarbazone (3a-c) are given in Table (1). Synthesis of substituted 1,2,3-selenadiazole compounds (4a-c) (19) . A solution of (0.007 mole) of the appropriate semicarbazones and (0.07 mole) of powdered selenium dioxide in dry THF was gently heated on a water bath with stirring for two hours. The selenium deposited on cooling was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was poured into crushed ice, the precipitate was filtered off, washed with cold water and recrystallized from ethyl alcohol to give the selenadiazole compounds (4a-c). The physical and spectral data of the products 2,3-bis(4methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-aryl-1,2,3-selenadiazole-5-yl) acrylonitrile (4a-c) are given in Table (1). Table (1): physical and spectral data for compounds (1a-c 4a-c) Comp. No. X Yield % m.p.


Nearly a century ago Stokes (23) published the first comprehensive description of what is now called Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Since then a great many articles dealing with the same and similar subjects have appeared. The phenomenon is not very uncommon and the typical clinical picture is familiar to everyone in the medical profession. However, it seems to be less well-known that certain other periodical symptoms may accompany the respiratory changes. In this respect the following case may be of interest.


With the increasing urbanisation of the polar regions, the demand for sustainable technologies that are able to transform waste materials into high-value products is growing. For the production of microalgal biomass, nutrients contained in wastewater or carbon dioxide in flue gas can be used. Microalgae strains that have adapted to the extreme climatic conditions of polar regions appear to be a suitable alternative to conventional industrially cultivated microalgae species. Nevertheless, technologies for the production of polar microalgae can also be applied in areas of central and eastern Europe where climatic conditions are not suitable for year-round cultivation of conventional microalgae. For isolated polar microalgae species, a photobioreactor able to rotate according to the current position of the sun has been designed. The rotating flat-panel photobioreactor is able to efficiently use the incident solar radiation, which is crucial for microalgae growth. The designed concept of the rotating photobioreactor has been successfully tested in extreme climatic conditions at the Czech Arctic Research Station in Svalbard.


translating the Qur'an a number of preliminary studies were necessary, and added that the translation would require to mature slowly through months and years. It is nearly 30 years since that article appeared, and now Professor Paret is bringing out a translation of the Qur'an which follows very closely the principles it enunciated. It is to appear in four parts of which part i, ending in the course of Sura VIII, 28, and part rr, ending in the course of Sura xxn, 23, have been issued. It is proposed to complete the publication in 1966. In a short introduction Professor Paret explains that his purpose is to produce a translation in readable German, using a certain freedom of expression where the meaning is quite clear, but keeping close to the Arabic where it is difficult. Sometimes explanatory additions are inserted in brackets. When there is uncertainty about the meaning of a word or phrase a question mark is added along with a transliteration of the Arabic word or words. The verses are numbered according to the numeration in the official Egyptian edition of the Qur'an, followed by Flugel's numbering in brackets. One problem of translation is consistency in the translation of words, Blachere has tried throughout his translation of the Qur'an to use the same French translation of Arabic words, but he is careful to point out that this cannot always be followed, for some words have different meanings. It is nevertheless a good principle, but translators have not always, or even usually, followed it. For example, he translates the Basmalah as ' Au nom d'Allah, le Bienfaiteur misericordieux ', and elsewhere he uses ' misericordieux ' for rajiim. Paret has ' Im Namen des barmherzigen und giitigen Gottes', but elsewhere rahim is translated as ' barmherzig '. ' Frevler ' is used for both fasiqun and zalimun, a perfectly suitable translation, but it might have been better if the Arabic word had been added in brackets each time. The words salat and du'a' should be distinguished in translation. Salat is translated ' Gebet' with the Arabic word following in brackets; du'a' is commonly translated ' wenn man betet', but in xm, 14(15), it is translated ' Gebet'. In xiv, 40(42), both words occur and both are translated' Gebet'. Furqan is normally translated ' Rettung', but in VIII, 29, it is translated ' Hilfe ' with no note to explain why the translation there is different. The phrase fi sabil Allah is usually translated ' um Gottes willen ', but in ix, 60, it is quite suitably translated ' fur den heiligen Krieg '. One wonders whether the holy war might not also have been used in n, 154(149) and 190(186). Where the phrase occurs there is always a footnote with the literal translation ' auf dem Wege Gottes'. The word sakina occurs three times in the suras so far translated (II, 248(249), ix, 26, 40), but each time the Arabic word is given without translation and without any note to indicate its meaning. Al-taghut is translated ' die Gotzen' in n, 256(257), 257(259), iv, 51(54), xvi, 36(38). One wonders why a mark of interrogation is inserted when the same translation is given in iv, 60(63), 76(78), v, 60(65). Three words for the nether regions which occur have distinct translations. Jahannam is ' die Holle', al-nar is ' Hollenfeuer ', and al-jahim is ' Hollenbrand '. This new translation is scholarly and at the same time one which the general reader can use. The notes are few, often consisting of the literal translation of a word or phrase more freely rendered, often an alternative translation, .or simply a brief comment. The short explanatory additions in brackets are so arranged that, while they form an integral part of the sentence, they can be omitted and still leave a readable translation. What is here supplied gives enough for an understanding of the meaning, with due indication that certain passages are not quite confidently translated. A commentary is in process of preparation. In dealing with difficult passages it will discuss the treatment of some of them in the translations of Bell and Blachere. One welcomes this excellent new translation and looks forward to its completion and to the further help still to come when the commentary appears.


We summarize the main results on probabilistic neural networks recently published in a series of papers. Considering the framework of statistical pattern recognition we assume approximation of class-conditional distributions by finite mixtures of product components. The probabilistic neurons correspond to mixture components and can be interpreted in neurophysiological terms. In this way we can find possible theoretical background of the functional properties of neurons. For example, the general formula for synaptical weights provides a statistical justification of the well known Hebbian principle of learning. Similarly, the mean effect of lateral inhibition can be expressed by means of a formula proposed by Perez as a measure of dependence tightness of involved variables.


The photocatalytic degradation of direct yellow R dye with natural manganese mineral particle has been investigated.The effects of initial pH value,amount of catalyst,and ultraviolet irradiation time are discussed in detail.The experimental results show that when ultraviolet irradiation time is 30 min,amount of catalyst is(9.0 g·L~(-1)),amount of oxidizer is 0.5 g·L~(-1),and pH value is 7.5~9.0,removal level of chemical oxygen demand is about 44%,increasing about 10% after using ultraviolet irradiation,and decolorization efficiency is 94.44%.


An absorption band of low intensity has been found in the 2800 to 3400A region for solutions of melamine, trimethylol melamine, trimethyl ether of trimethylol melamine, hexamethylol melamine, and cyanuric chloride. The band has also been observed in gaseous melamine at elevated temperatures. The band is believed to be due to a singlet‐triplet transition, rather than analogous to the 2600A absorption system of benzene.


The aim of this paper is to present and compare ba sic f tigue parameter values obtained for plain C30/37 and C45/55 class concrete specimen s during dynamic tests. Selected approximation curves of mechanical-fracture paramet er values over time – compressive cube strength, modulus of elasticity, effective fracture toughness and specific fracture energy – are used to determine the most accurate fatigue parameter va lues corresponding to the age of specimens when dynamic tests were performed. The power law an d Weibull model developed by Castillo et al. are used for standard description of the S−N curve. Both of the methods of fatigue test evaluat ion will be compared and the suitability of their appli cation within numerical models will be discussed.


The effect of the exchange between magnetic ions on the elastic and inelastic scattering of neutrons by rare earth ions exposed to the action of a crystalline field was studied. In general, the ray length does not tend toward zero with the length of the scattering vector. The calculation is applied to the case of Ce/sup 3+/ ions in a cubic field. (tr-auth)


Field experiment carried out during kharif, 2012 to evaluate the dissipation pattern of most commonly used insecticide bifenthrin 10 EC @ 100 g a.i. ha -1 with two sprays of insecticide first given after fruit initiation and the second spray 10 days later and collecting the fruits at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 days after last spray, and analysed for residues using the validated QuEChERS method. The initial deposits of bifenthrin were 0.85 mg kg -1 which dissipated to 0.39, 0.15 mg kg -1 by 1 st and 3 rd day after last spray, respectively, and to BDL by 5 th day. Bifenthrin initial deposits were dissipated to 82.35% by 3 rd day after last spray, and pre-harvest interval of 3 days is suggested taking into consideration of MRLs of bifenthrin in tomato (0.3 mg kg -1 ) as per Codex Alimentarius Commission.


Sufism, all but one by Europeans, and then follow chapters consisting of extracts from oriental authors on the nature of the Godhead, the different stages of the path to Him and, finally, reunion with Him, the creative truth. An anthology like this raises questions of method. Is it necessary to reproduce the misprints in the extracts ? Should outmoded transliterations be kept or one system imposed throughout ? (The proof-reading has been careless.) Many of the extracts are beautiful but the combined effect is cloying and one suspects that it would have been better for the authors if they had paid less attention to writing and more to living. Some passages would be the better for a few explanatory notes.


PAS (Per/ARNT/Sim) domains are used throughout all kingdoms of life to monitor diverse environmental stimuli, including light, oxygen, and small molecule ligands. ARNT (Aryl Hydrocarbon Nuclear Translocator) forms a heterodimeric complex with the sensor bHLH‐PAS protein HIF‐α; to mediate hypoxia adaptation ineukaryotes. Aberrant activation of the hypoxia response in solid tumors is a key predictor of poor clinical outcome in cancer patients. We are studying the molecularbasis of transcriptional coactivator recruitment by ARNT to understand how PAS domains coordinate responses to environmental stimuli. Using NMR spectroscopy, we have characterized the binding sites of both ARNT PAS domains on a minimal fragment of one coactivator, TRIP230. The interaction is mediated in part by ahighly conserved LXXLL‐like motif on TRIP230 that targets the a‐helical interface of ARNT PAS‐B. Two other coactivators target a similar interface on the PAS‐Bdomain, suggesting that this interface is critical for coactivator recruitment. Further studies suggest that the minimal TRIP230 peptide makes contacts with both PASdomains that stabilize formation of a proteolytically protected core complex. Using an NMR‐based screen, we have identified exogenous small molecule ligands thatbind internally to ARNT PAS‐B and disrupt the ARNT:TRIP230 interaction in vitro in an effort to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents.


Objective
To explore a novel long-circulating dual-receptor targeting and dual-modal molecular probe and investigate its physicochemical properties and targeting effect on breast cancer cells in vitro.

Methods
Dual-receptor targeting and dual-modal molecular probe RGD@BBN-lipo(QDs)-SPIO was synthesized in the following steps: long-circulating liposome was prepared by film dispersion method; water-soluble superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and Quantum dots (QDs) were loaded in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic layer of liposome, respectively; RGD and BBN polypeptides were coupled on the former functional magnetic/fluorescent liposomes. Stability of the probe in different physiological solutions was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer were used to measure nanoparticle sizes and the Zeta potential. Characterization of RGD and BBN was investigated through 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The MRI T2 relaxivities (1/T2) of RGD@BBN-lipo(QDs)-SPIO was measured through T2 map scanning on 3.0 T MR system. HUV-EC-C cells were used for assessment of cells viability by MTS assay. Prussian blue staining and fluorescence imaging were carried out to determine the targeted breast cellular uptake of RGD@BBN-lipo(QDs)-SPIO nanoparticles.

Results
The targeting magnetic/fluorescent dual-model molecular probes appeared spherical or para-spherical, with a mean diameter of (118.2±3.9) nm,Zeta potential of (-24.78±1.68) mV,MR T2 magnetic relaxation rate of 0.498 1× 106 M -1·s -1.RGD and BBN polypeptides were successfully coupled on the former functionally magnetic/fluorescent liposomes with the bind rates of 33.05 % and 45.06 %, respectively. There was low cytotoxity of the molecular probe on human umbilical vein endothelical cells (HUV-EC-C) by MTS study. Prussian blue staining and fluorescence imaging studies showed that the RGD@BBN-lipo(QDs)-SPIO nanoparticles could target any αvβ3 or gastrin releasing peptide receptor overexpression breast cancer.

Conclusions
RGD@BBN-lipo (QDs)-SPIO is a novel long-circulating dual-receptor targeting and dual-modal molecular probe and has excellent physicochemical properties and stability, high T2 relaxivities and strong targeting effect on cancer cells and has laid a solid foundation for early diagnosis of breast cancer.

Key words:
Molecular probes; Magnetic resonance imaging; Breast neoplasms


The turbulent micromixing in a tubular packed bed reactor was studied via using the parallel competing reaction system ?? iodide-iodate reaction system. Distribution of segregation index (XS) in the reactor was studied through sampling along the axial positions. The experimental results indicate that the segregation of the reagents in the reactor mainly appeares in the initial contacting region and is improved with the increase of liquid flux. Based on the experimental results and the incorporation model, the micromixing time in tubular packed bed reactor was estimated as 0.001~0.004s, which is much shorter than that in tank reactor and it can be therefore concluded that the tubular packed bed reactor may suit rapid reactions better. It is also illustrated by present study that the installation of the wired packing could enhance the micromixing process and improve the micromixing efficiency apparently.


other a significant Abstract Concrete is an indispensable construction material used worldwide. It primarily consists of the binder phase and aggregate phase. In the binder phase, cement replacement with silica fumes, fly-ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is recommended in design mix guidelines (IS 10262-2019). However, ultra-fine material like Alccofine was not recommended as supplementary cementitious material. This paper addresses the suitability of this admixture for concrete of various grades i.e. M20, M30 and M40 grade mixes. The relevant hardened concrete strength for 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% cement replacement with Alccofine was tested. All the design mixes established the acceptance criteria of test results. However, the highest test results were obtained for 15% replacement of Alccofine for all the mixes. Surprisingly the 28 days strength of M20 grade concrete was achieved even at seven days curing test results. In summary, the Alccofine material can reduce the consumption of cement and C0 2 emissions in the atmosphere. Tensile


Four, rumen fistulated crossbred dairy steers were randomly assigned according to a 2 x 2 Factorial arrangement in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to investigate the effect of feeding pattern and supplementation of mineralized solid palm fat (MSPF) on feed intake, digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fermentation and ruminal microbial protein synthesis. The dietary treatments were as follows: T1 = feeding with roughage and followed by concentrate after 4 h (FRC); T2 = feeding with roughage and followed by concentrate after 4 h with mineralized solid palm fat (FRC+MSPF); T3 = total mixed ration (TMR); T4 = total mixed ration with mineralized solid palm fat (TMR+MSPF), respectivity. The animals were offered urea-treated rice straw as a roughage source. Results revealed that feed-intake, digestibility of nutrients and volatile fatty acids in the rumen were similar among all treatments. As for ruminal pH and urinary purine derivatives they were significantly different among treatments and were higher in animals with roughage feeding and followed by concentrate after 4 h than with TMR diets; however, supplementation of MSPF were not significantly different among treatments. In addition, supplementation of MSPF resulted in reducing protozoal population while population of ruminal bacteria and fungal zoospores were enhanced. In conclusion, the combined use of feeding with roughage and followed by concentrate after 4 h with MSPF could improve rumen pH, microbial protein synthesis but reduced protozoal population in dairy steers.


Background: Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channels that play a key role in water transport in many epithelia. Recent studies have shown that AQP1, located in the apical membrane of choroid plexus cells, has an important role in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. However, the mechanism of water transport through the basolateral membrane of choroid plexus (CP) cells is yet to be determined. Objectives: In this study, the expression and localization of AQP1, AQP4 and AQP5 in the rat lateral ventricle CP were investigated by immunocytochemistry, western analysis and flowcytometry. Materials and Methods: Choroidal epithelial cells of the lateral ventricle in Wistar rats were isolated and grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplement, which was refreshed every two days. After five days, the expression patterns of AQP1, AQP4 and AQP5 were determined by immunoblotting, immuncytochemistry and flowcytometry. Results: The immunocytochemistry data revealed the expression of AQP1 and AQP4 in the membrane and the cytoplasmof AP cells, respectively. Through western analysis, the AQP1 antibody detected two bands of approximately 27 and 32 kDa. A single peptide of 29 kDa was recognized by the AQP4 antibody. Quantitative flowcytometry revealed CP cells exhibiting a high level of AQP1 and AQP4 proteins (95.39% and 92.21%, respectively). According to immunocytochemistry, AQP5 is weakly expressed in the cytoplasm of CP cells. Anti-AQP5 antibody recognized a pale band of approximately28 kDa by western analysis. Conclusions: These observations suggested that AQP4 may have an important role in CSF secretion; however, expression of AQP4 or AQP5 was not detected in the cell membrane. Thus, how water crosses the basolateral membrane of CP cells remains to be determined.


E-commerce is growing and has grown considerably during the last two decades. It is also growing within product segments previously believed to be hard to sell over the internet, such as big high i ...


Dissociation of a Morse taper arthroplasty is an uncommon occurrence, especially in the shoulder, reported in only one publication in the English literature.1 In response to reported dissociations of Morse taper modular humeral components, Blevins et al. identified conditions that would interfere with the Morse taper interface strength. The relevant cases were reported only in a single component design and occurred between 1988-1992. Subsequent reports of consecutive arthroplasties with this prosthesis failed to document further episodes of Morse taper dissociation.2 In contradistinction, dissociation of the femoral heads in hip arthroplasty has been more commonly reported.4,10-14 It most frequently occurs during reduction of a dislocated prosthesis that then needs to be surgically addressed. The dissociation is not always apparent on postreduction radiographs, underlining the importance of scrutinizing the images for radiolucencies and the position of the head of the prosthesis in the acetabular cup.7 The present case pertains to a DePuy Global Advantage total shoulder prosthesis implanted in 2008. This prosthesis is a third generation anatomical model, unlike the 1988-1992 second generation component previously reported in the literature. Heretofore, there have been no cases of humeral head dissociation in third generation total shoulder prostheses. The authors have obtained the patient's informed written consent for print and electronic publication of the case report.


THE ROLE OF the Jews in Spain as intermediaries in the transmission of science, literature and philosophy from the Muslim to the Christian world in the Middle Ages is generally known. Yet, while the complete story of that transmission has not yet been adequately told, even less perfectly realized is the extent to which the Jews were creators and originators, and not mere transmitters. Particularly in literature, even that which purports to be translation from the Arabic into Hebrew, the role of the Jewish author was usually closer to what has been termed "redactor" or "narrator" (Gerhardt, 1963, pp. 40-41) than translator. In spite of the admirable work of a number of scholars, the complete account of the development of medieval Hebrew literature remains to be written. A major chapter in that story must be the genre of literature known in Arabic as maqiima and in Hebrew as mahberet. 1 Israel Davidson, that indefatigable scholar of Hebrew poetry to whom all later students are indebted, had some difficulty in defining this type of literature (Ibn Zabara, 1914, introduction, pp. xxx-xxxi). Neither mere satire nor only a collection of folk tales, it also includes moral and philosophical instruction, as well as tales calculated to "delight." The maqiima originated, appar-


Low-cost estimation of stationary signals and reduced-complexity tracking of nonstationary processes are well motivated tasks than can be accomplished using ad hoc wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To this end, a fully distributed least mean-square (D-LMS) algorithm is developed in this paper, in which sensors exchange messages with single-hop neighbors to consent on the network-wide estimates adaptively. The novel approach does not require a Hamiltonian cycle or a special bridge subset of sensors, while communications among sensors are allowed to be noisy. A mean-square error (MSE) performance analysis of D-LMS is conducted in the presence of a time-varying parameter vector, which adheres to a first-order autoregressive model. For sensor observations that are related to the parameter vector of interest via a linear Gaussian model and after adopting simplifying independence assumptions, exact closed-form expressions are derived for the global and sensor-level MSE evolution as well as its steady-state (s.s.) values. Mean and MSE-sense stability of D-LMS are also established. Interestingly, extensive numerical tests demonstrate that for small step-sizes the results accurately extend to the pragmatic setting whereby sensors acquire temporally correlated, not necessarily Gaussian data.


In the Ellis wormhole metrics we study characteristics of fluid dynamics and the properties of linear sound waves. By implying the energy-momentum equation and the continuity equation in the general relativistic manner we examine the flow dynamics and solve the corresponding equations for a relatively simple case - radial flow. To study the linear sound waves the equations governing the mentioned physical system are linearized and solved and interesting characteristic properties are found.


A number of studies have linked specific emergency department (ED) crowding measures to lower quality of care (NEJM JW Emerg Med Dec 2014 and Acad


A space orbit refers to the route along which a celestial body travels in space. It can also be called a trajectory or an orbit for short. Generally, there are three types, namely, launch orbit, operational orbit, and re-entry orbit. It follows that space orbit theory is about the principles and methods that the design of a space orbit should comply with, while orbit design is one of the key technologies in spacecraft system design. Orbit design needs to take many factors into consideration, such as orbit dynamics, space environment, mission requirement, and capability of effective payload, among others. Theories regarding orbit design were proposed long before the first man-made satellite was launched into space. With the growing demands in space application and the advancements in space technology, classical orbit theories and design methods can no longer meet the requirements of new space missions. There is an urgent need for new space orbit theories which can effectively bring advanced space technology into full play. On the basis of decade-long research findings, this book aims to answer the call of these new developments. There are eight chapters in this book. The first part consists of the first two chapters, which are a general review of recursive orbit, synchronous orbit, frozen orbit, stay orbit, and other classical orbits, together with their design methods. Based on this review, the focus of this book, i.e., concepts, types, and applications of special space orbits are introduced. The second part is from chapter three to chapter eight. Each chapter is about a specific orbit, together with its concepts, characteristics, design methods, and applications. So altogether, there are six special space orbits which are elaborated, namely, hovering orbit, spiral cruising orbit, multi-target rendezvous orbit, initiative approaching orbit, responsive orbit, and earth pole-sitter orbit. This book is based on the findings of our research team over the years. We want to thank Profs. Zhi Li and Lei Wang, postgraduate students Xiaojing Xu, Yuanfei Li, and Haijun Zhou, for their contributions to this book. Theories of space orbit design are closely related to other fast-changing areas of study and develop along with new space applications. The authors are fully aware


Aim Children with congenital gastrointestinal malformations may be at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment due to challenges to the developing brain, including perioperative haemodynamic changes, exposure to anaesthetics and postoperative inflammatory influences. This study aggregates existing evidence on neurodevelopmental outcome in these patients using meta-analysis. Method PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed articles published until October 2019. Out of the 5316 unique articles that were identified, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Standardised mean differences (Cohen's d) between cognitive, motor and language outcome of patients with congenital gastrointestinal malformations and normative data (39 studies) or the studies' control group (8 studies) were aggregated across studies using random-effects meta-analysis. The value of (clinical) moderators was studied using meta-regression and diagnostic subgroups were compared. Results The 47 included studies encompassed 62 cohorts, representing 2312 patients. Children with congenital gastrointestinal malformations had small-sized cognitive impairment (d=−0.435, p<0.001; 95% CI −0.567 to −0.302), medium-sized motor impairment (d=−0.610, p<0.001; 95% CI −0.769 to −0.451) and medium-sized language impairment (d=−0.670, p<0.001; 95% CI −0.914 to −0.425). Patients with short bowel syndrome had worse motor outcome. Neurodevelopmental outcome was related to the number of surgeries and length of total hospital stay, while no relations were observed with gestational age, birth weight, age and sex. Interpretation This study shows that children with congenital gastrointestinal malformations exhibit impairments in neurodevelopmental outcome, highlighting the need for routine screening of neurodevelopment during follow-up.


: The population, which is increasing day by day, increases automobile ownership along with socio-economic development. Developing cities are faced with urban transportation problems such as traffic congestion, noise, air pollution, waste of time and parking problems with increasing car ownership. The aim of this study is to address the problem of parking in the city of Elazig, one of the developing cities of Turkey. Within the scope of the study, the need for parking for Elâzığ province is calculated for the present and next 20 years. The compliance of the off-road parking lots in Elazig city center according to the standards and regulations were examined. In addition, roadside parking surveys were conducted in Gazi, Hürriyet and Governor Fahri Bey Streets. Parking surveys were carried out simultaneously in the specified streets for two weeks. As a result of this study, it was found that the existing parking need of Elâzığ was insufficient with the calculations made. It has been determined that the parking lots of the East Storey and the Government mansion car parks are planned in accordance with the standards and regulations. Design errors were observed in the other car parks under investigation. According to the roadside studies, if the vehicles are parked at 30 degrees on Gazi Street, the parking capacity of the street will increase by 22% and 64% if it is parked at 45 degrees.


An alternative treatment of neutral responses in the sign test is proposed that makes explicit use of the probability of a neutral response in the hypotheses being tested. It permits a more conservative (liberal) interpretation of neutral responses in the context of a test with good power properties for the hypotheses chosen. The extension of this formulation to treating ties in the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney problem setting is also discussed.


ABSTRACT In this article we consider two triangles: one inscribed in another. We prove that the area of the central triangle is at least the harmonic mean of the areas of corner triangles. We give two proofs of this theorem. One is based on Rigby inequality and the other is based on the known algebraic inequality, to which we bring a new, geometric, proof. The article can be used by teachers and students in courses on advanced classical geometry.


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This paper presents a study of mobile phone use by people settling in a new land to access state provided digital services. It shows that digital literacy and access to technology are not the only resources and capabilities needed to successfully access digital services and do not guarantee a straightforward resettlement process. Using creative engagement methods, the research involved 132 "newcomers" seeking to settle in Sweden. Ribot and Peluso's theory of access (2003) was employed to examine the complex web of access experienced by our participants. We uncover that when communities are dealing with high levels of precarity, their primary concerns are related to accessing the benefits of a service, rather than controlling access. Broadening the HCI framework, the paper concludes that a sociotechnical model of access needs to connect access control and access benefit to facilitate the design of an effective digital service.


Conventional TCP protocols treat all packet misfortune as an indication of congestion. Their powerlessness to perceive non-congestion related packet misfortune affects the communication efficiency in the remote networks. As of late proposed protocols, for example, Freeze-TCP, TCP-Probing, TCP Westwood, TCP Veno, TCP-Jersey, and JTCP, all improve over the conventional TCP protocols. This paper reports a quantitative examination of ongoing protocols against the right now frequently utilized to be specific, TCP SACK, TCP New Reno, and TCP Vegas. Reproduction tests were intended for different network formats and with varying outside impedances trying to recreate real situations most precisely. To complete these examinations, the presentation of every convention was estimated dependent on three benchmark measurements: throughput, normal congestion window, and time to finish a file transfer.


The present invention provides an image reading apparatus and an image reading apparatus having the image forming apparatus. The image reading apparatus according to the present invention includes an optical unit, a pair of rail portions and the drive means. Unit reads the optical image of the document. The pair of rail portions supported to slide the optical unit in the sub-scanning direction. Drive means moves the optical unit in the sub-scanning direction. Drive means engaging at a substantially center of gravity position in the main scanning direction of the optical unit, a pair of guide portions substantially equal to the distance from the gravity center position manner, are arranged in the main scanning direction and the other side.


The invention is suitable for the field of multimedia application, and provides a method and a system for displaying an advertisement in a video. The method comprises the following steps of setting a configuration file in a server in advance, wherein the configuration file comprises the display time and position of an advertisement article in the video; before the video is played by a client side, loading a corresponding configuration file from the server according to a video name; in the process that the video is played by the client side, carrying out mobile display on an advertisement label along with the position change of the advertisement article according to the display time and position of the advertisement article in the loaded configuration file; when the client side receives an advertisement label clicking command input by the user, stopping playing the video; and displaying an advertisement box corresponding to the advertisement article near the advertisement label. In the video advertisement putting mode, the most direct link between the advertisement content and the video content is established, and therefore the user can directly know interested advertisement article information while watching the video.


In Interventional radiology, the medical staff stands close to the patient during his exposure to X-rays. Consequently, they can be exposed to relatively high doses due to radiation scattered by the patient and the medical equipment. Contrary to the passive dosemeters which assess the doses a posteriori, APDs are able to warn the medical staff when doses and/or dose rates exceed pre-defined radiation protection limits. At interventional radiology workplaces, APDs must be able to measure low-energy photons (10-120 keV) and pulsed radiations with relatively high instantaneous dose rates delivered by medical X-rays generators. Six ADP models, considered as suitable for application in interventional radiology on the basis of the results of a previous comparison jointly organised by EURADOS and IAEA, were selected to carry out a new comparison in 2007. This included radiation fields able to mimic the scattered and pulsed X-ray radiation fields met at workplace in hospitals. Irradiations took place at CEA-LIST LNHB (Saclay, France) and IRSN (Fontenay-aux-Roses, France). This paper describes the irradiation assemblies both for realistic and classic calibration facilities. The reference values of the personal dose equivalent, Hp(10), were determined through measurements and simulations to calculate the response of the APDs. The results shed light on the ability of APDs to measure correctly the doses, when used in the specific low-energy spectra and dose rates of pulsed X- rays encountered in interventional radiology.


Background: Identification of individuals who have a pathogenic mutation in breast cancer susceptibility genes is an important step to take advantage of genetic counseling, screening, and potentially life-saving prevention strategies. Based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline, genetic testing is deemed suitable for breast cancer patients with young age at onset, positive family history of cancers, male breast cancer, or diagnosis with a multifocal or triple negative breast cancer. Aim: Since, it is not known what proportion of breast cancers in Iran is hereditary and related to mutations in BRCA1/2 and PALB2 genes, therefore, we screened these 3 genes in multiethnic Iranian population to determine the spectrum of the breast cancer susceptibility gene mutations and to further assess the predictive value of the hereditary breast cancer risk criteria for genetic testing. Methods: Next generation sequencing (NGS) was conducted on a population consisted of 299 and 125 breast cancer patients, with and without hereditary cancer risk criteria for genetic testing, respectively. Results: Pathogenic mutation rate was 10.36% in patients with hereditary criteria for breast cancer vs 1.6% in no criteria group ( P = 0.002). All the patients who only met the young age at onset (<40) criterion tested negative for a gene mutation. This is while patients who had only 1 hereditary criterion (OR: 5.48, 95% CI: 1.09, 52.90, P = 0.017) and patients with multiple hereditary criteria (OR: 22.5, 95% CI: 5.19, 201.31, P < 0.0001) had a significantly higher probability of finding a mutation compared with no risk-criteria group. Conclusion: The first application of NGS on Iranian breast cancer population added to the cumulative evidence that BRCA1/2 mutations are seen commonly among Iranian breast cancer patients especially those with hereditary breast cancer criteria and indicated that PALB2 should be concerned in hereditary breast cancer screening alongside BRCA1/2. Investigating the predictive potential of hereditary breast cancer risk criteria our results suggest that offering genetic testing to women with early age at onset of <40 with no other hereditary criteria, may not be cost effective and should be considered for optimization of genetic counseling and genetic testing of the Iranian population.


In this thesis pufLM genes were tested for their suitability as phylogenetic markers for purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) and applied in environmental community studies as well as in polyphasic taxonomy. pufLM genes encode for the light and medium subunit of the photosynthetic reaction center type II proteins exclusively present in the polyphyletic group of anoxygenic phototrophic purple bacteria and Chloroflexaceae. Congruency between 16S rRNA gene and pufLM phylogeny was obtained in this study for PSB which allows the identification of phototrophic purple bacteria based on their pufLM gene sequence exclusively. It is concluded that horizontal gene transfer of pufLM genes within the PSB is highly unlikely. Additional phylogenetic calculations including representatives of purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) and aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic Proteobacteria (AAPB) showed a clear separation of the phototrophic purple Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria, which is antithetic to all pufLM based phylogenetic studies published before and indicates a suitability of pufLM as a phylogenetic marker for PNSB, AAPB and Chloroflexaceae as well. In addition, signature amino acids and nucleotides were revealed for different PSB groups and proved to be a helpful tool in polyphasic taxonomy.
The modified primer pair was successfully applied to environmental communities of phototrophic purple bacteria from a Baltic Sea coastal lagoon and a Chilean salt lake. pufLM was further used to monitor changes in community composition at different salinity and temperature conditions via RFLP and cloning experiments. The Baltic Sea coastal lagoon inhabited a highly diverse PSB community of mesophilic salt-tolerant and salt-dependent Chromatiaceae species, co-existing with PNSB and alpha- and gammaproteobacterial AAPB. They were demonstrated to be specifically well adapted to the naturally occurring salinity and temperature variations. However, at elevated temperatures (>40°C) PSB diversity was distinctively lower and the community compostion completely changed. The Chilean Salar de Atacama typifies a slightly alkaline hypersaline environment and was inhabited by a diverse set of so far unidentified phototrophic bacteria, some typical moderately to extremely halophilic PSB of the Chromatiaceae and Ectothiorhodospiraceae and gammaproteobacterial AAPB.
The molecular functional gene approach quarried a high diversity of so far unidentified bacteria. Equally, the presence of cultured and uncultured possible new genera and species of PSB was demonstrated indicating that neither the uncultured nor the cultivable diversity of PSB is fully covered, yet.


The PLLA and PDLLA samples consisted of three types of carbon: C-C (C-H), C-O and 0=C-O, which corresponded to their theoretical composition. However, the XPS analysis revealed that the surfaces of the PLA film highly resistant to acid hydrolysis were overspread with unknown constituents consisting of nitrogen and unoxidized carbon, not being announced officially. The AFM analysis offered a clear distinction in the surface deterioration of the PLA samples; and the alkaline treatment excavated numerous holes on the PLA surfaces. These results indicated that the commercial plastics are chemically modified on their surfaces to improve the physical properties for practical use, resulting in being deprived of biodegradability and eco-compatibility. It was also suggested that the enlargement in the specific surface area, which may occur at the early stage on PLA degradation, possibly accelerated the PLA decomposition rate. A new conception in the material design for paper-based composites was proposed; a local alkaline circumstance expected by alkaline fillers, e.g., CaO available in papermaking processes would


Contrary to testing of motor efficiency in a laboratory, certain methods given in IEEE Standard 112 cannot be used for motor efficiency evaluations in the field. For example, it is difficult to load a motor in the field with a dynamometer when the motor is already coupled to driven equipment. The motor efficiency field evaluation faces a different environment from that for which IEEE Standard 112 is chiefly written. A field evaluation method consists of one or several basic methods. This paper separates and compares the basic methods according to their physical natures. Their accuracies are also discussed. This paper is useful for field engineers to select or to establish a proper efficiency evaluation method by understanding the theories and error sources of the methods.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Since the international meetings of the World Health Organisation and the Food and Agriculture Organisation held in Cyprus in 1995 food-based dietary guidelines have become the nutrition buzzwords of the decade. To put it simply and in context these organisations recommended the use of food-based guidelines in education programmes mainly because the man in the street thinks in terms of foods and not in terms of nutrients. After decades of promoting food groups nutritionists have now succumbed to food guidelines. In fact the objective of food groups originally was also to relate to foods and not to nutrients. How will the public relate to these new food-based dietary guidelines how will they interpret them and what will we as health educators tell them? (excerpt)


In this paper we present a model of drug release from a drug eluting-stent and the subsequent drug transport in the arterial wall. In order to study the complete process, a two-phase mathematical model describing the transport of a drug between two coupled media of different properties and dimensions is presented. A system of partial differential equations describes both the solid-liquid transfer (dissolution) and diffusion processes in the polymeric substrate as well as diffusion, convection and reaction in the tissue layer. We adopt a semi-analytical approach in solving the four resulting equations. The model serves as a useful tool for providing insight into the influence of solid-liquid mass transfer in drug-eluting stent systems.


Purpose To respond to the companion letter by T. B. Sauter (2007) commenting on "Initial Audiologic Assessment of Infants Referred From Well Baby, Special Care, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nur...


Abstract:T.B.R. Westgate, a Canadian Anglican priest who administered his church's national system of Indian residential schools from 1921 to 1943, developed a sophisticated and effective bureaucracy to operate them efficiently, economically, and in compliance with government standards. He entirely supported the schools' goal of Indigenous erasure, which accorded with his settler colonial outlook, his theological position, and his overseas missionary experience. All his decisions were framed by the need to make do with funding that was very limited since neither the government nor the settler church put much value on educating a people that they disparaged and expected to disappear. In his role, Westgate also functioned as the Anglican Church's principal advocate for the assimilation of Indigenous Peoples into settler culture. His efforts, rationales, and failures are evaluated with reference to some of the insights of settler colonial studies.


The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and the price of the cell culture media are the key constraints for developing serum-free cost-effective media. This study aims to replace or reduce the typical 10% serum application in fish cell culture media by applying protein hydrolysates from insects and marine invertebrate species for the growth of Zebrafish embryonic stem cells (ESC) as the model organism. Protein hydrolysates were produced from Black soldier fly (BSF), cricket, oyster, mussel, and lugworm with high protein content, suitable functional properties, adequate amino acids composition, and the degree of hydrolysis from 18.24 to 33.52%. Protein hydrolysates at low concentrations from 0.001 to 0.1 mg/mL in combination with 1 and 2.5% serum significantly increased cell growth compared to the control groups (5 and 10% serum) (P < 0.05). All protein hydrolysates with concentrations of 1 and 10 mg/mL were found to be toxic to cells and significantly reduced cell growth and performance (P < 0.05). However, except for cricket, all hydrolysates were able to restore or significantly increase cell growth and viability with 50% less serum at a concentration of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/mL. Although cell growth was enhanced at lower concentrations of protein hydrolysates, cell morphology was altered due to the lack of serum. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity results indicated that BSF and lugworm hydrolysates did not alter the cell membrane. In addition, light and fluorescence imaging revealed that cell morphological features were comparable to the 10% serum control group. Overall, lugworm and BSF hydrolysates reduced serum by up to 90% while preserving excellent cell health.


Module E (16 credits, about nine weeks) is dedicated to work on the master thesis. In the master thesis one particular field of social work is going to be analyzed under theoretical and professional aspects, but the comparative approach is crucial. For that reason, research will be done not only in the country of module D, but also in the home country and maybe elsewhere. Module F will conclude the programme, it is a short, but intensive session in Merseburg. The students have to present the results of their master thesis to each other and to elaborate on the conclusions and consequences.


The genus Cribrella Lipina, 1989, with type species Cribrella mstaensis Lipina, was described from the Lower Carboniferous (middle Visean) of the southern Urals, and placed in the family Lituotubellidae (Lipina, 1989, p. 40, PL II, figs. 1–4). As the generic name is preoccupied by Cribrella Agassiz, 1835, an echinoderm, Cribrella Schmid, 1892, a sponge, Cribrella Cossman, 1906, a bryozoan, and Cribrella Gawor-Biedowa, 1987, a foraminifer, the new name Cribroaperturata is herein proposed for Cribrella Lipina. The type species of the genus thus becomes Cribroaperturata mstaensis (Lipina).


Herein, we present the formation of transient radical ion pairs (RIPs) by single-electron transfer (SET) in phosphine-quinone systems and explore their potential for the activation of C-H bonds. PMes3 (Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) reacts with DDQ (2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone) with formation of the P-O bonded zwitterionic adduct Mes3P-DDQ (1), while the reaction with the sterically more crowded PTip3 (Tip = 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2) afforded C-H bond activation product Tip2P(H)(2-[CMe2(DDQ)]-4,6-iPr2-C6H2) (2). UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopic studies showed that the latter reaction proceeds via initial SET, forming RIP [PTip3]•+[DDQ]•-, and subsequent homolytic C-H bond activation, which was supported by DFT calculations. The isolation of analogous products, Tip2P(H)(2-[CMe2{TCQ-B(C6F5)3}]-4,6-iPr2-C6H2) (4, TCQ = tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone) and Tip2P(H)(2-[CMe2{oQtBu-B(C6F5)3}]-4,6-iPr2-C6H2) (8, oQtBu = 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone), from reactions of PTip3 with Lewis-acid activated quinones, TCQ-B(C6F5)3 and oQtBu-B(C6F5)3, respectively, further supports the proposed radical mechanism. As such, this study presents key mechanistic insights into the homolytic C-H bond activation by the synergistic action of radical ion pairs.


Lemierre's syndrome is an uncommon, but severe, oropharyngeal septicemic infection, associated with internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis and septic emboli. We report a case of Lemierre's in an 11 year old girl presenting with 4 days of sore throat, neck pain and stiffness complicated with cavernous sinus thrombosis. The collection and evaluation of all protected patient health information was compliant with the regulations and conditions set forth in the Health Insurance Portability and Availability Act of 1996 (HIPAA).


Background: Epidemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and quarantine implementation have had various effects on the psychological aspects of society. One of the psychological effects of COVID-19 is the fear of getting the disease. Objectives: The present study aimed to predict health anxiety based on spiritual well-being and cognitive emotion regulation strategies during COVID-19 in Iranian individuals. Methods: The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted on the statistical population of all 19-to-79-year-old individuals participating in the study online. A total of 545 subjects were selected by the convenience sampling method. These participants completed short-form health anxiety questionnaires, spiritual well-being scales, and short-form emotion regulation strategies online. The data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis using SPSS software (version 23). Results: The results showed that health anxiety had a significant negative relationship with spiritual well-being (r = -0.339**) and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (r = -0.308**). Furthermore, health anxiety had a significant positive relationship with maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (r = 0.390**). Overall, the aforementioned three variables explained 26.1% of changes in health anxiety. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed the impacts of spiritual well-being and cognitive emotion regulation strategies on health anxiety. Therefore, it is recommended that training based on spiritual teachings and emotion regulation strategies reduces health anxiety during the outbreak of COVID-19.


Robust finite element models are utilised for their ability to predict simple to complex mechanical behaviour under certain conditions at a very low cost compared to experimental studies, as this reduces the need for physical prototypes while allowing for the optimisation of components. In this paper, various parameters in finite element techniques were reviewed to simulate the crushing behaviour of glass/epoxy tubes with different material models, mesh sizes, failure trigger mechanisms, element formulation, contact definitions, single and various numbers of shells and delamination modelling. Six different modelling approaches, namely, a single-layer approach and a multi-layer approach, were employed with 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 shells. In experimental studies, 12 plies were used to fabricate a 3 mm wall thickness GFRP specimen, and the numerical results were compared with experimental data. This was achieved by carefully calibrating the values of certain parameters used in defining the above parameters to predict the behaviour and energy absorption response of the finite element model against initial failure peak load (stiffness) and the mean crushing force. In each case, the results were compared with each other, including experimental and computational costs. The decision was made from an engineering point of view, which means compromising accuracy for computational efficiency. The aim is to develop an FEM that can predict energy absorption capability with a higher level of accuracy, around 5% error, than the experimental studies.


The article presents the results of a commission inspection of the results of the forensic medical expertise performed by the specialists of a state-owned forensic medical bureau in connection with the civil case concerning the judicial appeal of the 58 year-old suitress S. against a private plastic surgery clinic. It is shown that the carelessness of the surgeons with the fact of chronic diseases in the patient and the application of the vasoconstrictor medications during the surgical treatment (blepharoplasty) resulted in optic nerve atrophy in the immediate postoperative period with the complete loss of vision in the only seeing eye. The expertise has revealed a number of additional defects as well as diagnostic and surgical errors in the actions of the surgeons of this private clinic considered to be responsible for the resultant disablement of the patient.


The pattern of people's life has changed occasionally, encouraging people to follow this development, especially in matters related to mu'amalah. However, the problem here is that banking is synonymous with bank interest or rent, whereas most people in the community think that bank interest or rent is the same as usury. This paper is based on the results of a study that describes and classifies usury verses in the Qur'an, then analyzes them with the methodology used by Muhammad Sayyid Tantawi inTafsir al-Wasith, which was later linked to his fatwa regarding bank interest law. This study concluded that internal and external factors greatly influenced Tantawi's interpretation of bank interest in Islamic law, among which he used the opinions of modernist scholars such as Al-Alusy, Fazlur Rahman, etc. In addition, the pattern of interpretation of interpretation al-Wasith to the usury verse consists of four patterns consisting of sura al-Rum verse 39 explaining that transactions with usury will not develop and will even lose money. Surah al-Nisa' verses 160-161 demonstrate that their tyranny caused some of the painful sanctions Allah has ever bestowed upon the Jews as perpetrators of usury transactions.


Deriving from the authors' respective ethnographic fieldwork (around two decades in each context), this position paper considers experiences of education across two communities: Gypsy/Roma in the UK and Indigenous in Australia. The article brings together understandings across these traditionally nomadic communities, with no shared history or cultural connections other than nomadism, but with common experiences of exclusion, inequity, alienation and disrupted patterns of participation in formal education systems. Drawing on initiatives in recent years involving various Indigenous and nomadic groups, the authors suggest core notions that might underpin a culturally appropriate curriculum and pedagogy. They also propose amended conceptions of nomadism, allowing for recognition of challenges that persist even when nomadism is no longer integral to lifestyle. Rejecting policy positions that view inclusion as a solution, they outline the difficulties for youngsters, in each context, in seeking to inhabit two worlds with conflicting value-systems, and with contrasting beliefs about the ways in which children should be educated. The article identifies several cultural, socio-political and economic obstacles that are mirrored across each context, and argues for negotiated settlements between the state and such minority/marginal communities so as to enable an inclusive curriculum to be established that respects the cultures and aspirations of all communities.


The present study attempted to estimate the impact of economic reforms on employment growth in the organized sector using the data for a period of 40 years from 1970-71 to 2009-10 by applying a dummy variable approach. It was found that though an increase in absolute terms was observed in employment growth, the growth in relative terms was miserable. Employment growth in the private sector increased at a rate of 2.8% with a marginal rate of acceleration at 0.02 % while the same in the public sector and in the organized sector as a whole witnessed a deceleration at a rate of 0.08% and 0.05%, respectively during the study period. While employment growth in the private sector marked an increase, employment growth in the public sector declined significantly during the post-reform period in the country. The public sector is no longer seen as an employment provider; it has, in fact, experienced an absolute decline in employment in recent years. Faster economic growth resulting from liberalization is, however, expected to lead to the expansion of employment. Economic growth rate has accelerated, but employment growth has seen a deceleration.


&NA; Of 47 eyes of 25 patients fitted with the Griffin Naturalens, all but two eyes attained 20/20 or 20/15 visual acuity in spite of up to 2.25 D of uncorrected astigmatism. Astigmatism on the front surface of the soft lens, as measured by the keratometer, showed a close relationship to corneal astigmatism without the lens, indicating that the lens conforms almost perfectly to the corneal toricity. A similar relationship was found between subjectively determined astigmatism with the lens in place and without the lens. When fitting a patient with significant astigmatism with soft contact lenses, the practitioner should be aware that blurring of vision and symptoms of asthenopia may result, even though the patient attains 20/20 visual acuity in the refracting room.


In the recent years, various geo-synthetic components find an extensive application in civil and coastal engineering practice. Commonly, geo-synthetics have a wide application for secondary or tertiary purposes, such as filtration, separation, barrier, reinforcement, whereas, they can be potentially exploited for various other applications in the coastal engineering practice. A sustainable seawall cross-section comprising different geo-synthetic products was proposed to be erected along the Pallana Beach ([Formula: see text] N and [Formula: see text] E), located in Alleppey district of Kerala along the south-west Indian coastline. Since the subsoil at the location is poorly graded, it was decided to replace the conventional materials like rock boulders and concrete armour units with geo-synthetic products. A comprehensive physical model study was conducted to assess the hydrodynamic performance (i.e. reflection, run-up, and pressure distribution) of the geo-synthetic seawall cross-section for a wide range of random wave characteristics and two water depth conditions. The relative overtopping rates for the seawall at varying water levels are computed conservatively from the guidelines prescribed by the EurOtop Manual and XGB Overtopping model.


Forecasting of the state of charge (SOC) of Ni-MH battery is the most important task for battery management system of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). On the basis of analyzing charging and discharging characteristics of Ni-MH battery and using the advantages of radial basis function (RBF) neural network, model for estimating the state of charge for Ni-MH battery was established with the piecewise modeling idea. The model was tested with data which was from battery experiments. Results show that the operation speed and estimation accuracy of forecasting model can meet the demands in practice and the model has certain value of application.


Arif Farida Tri Rejeki, S240906002. Maladministration Potential in Auction Process
of Good/Service Procurement in Surakarta Sebelas Maret University in 2008. Thesis:
Postgraduate Program of Surakarta Sebelas Maret University.
This research aims to analyze the procedure potential maladministration
practice in auction process of good/service procurement in equipment department of
Surakarta Sebelas Maret University as well as the aspect affecting the potential
maladministration.
It was a descriptive study. The sampling technique employed was purposive
sampling. Techniques of collecting data used were interview, observation and
documentation. Data validation used was source data triangulation, while the data
analysis was done using an interactive analysis model.
Maladministration potential made in every step procedure in auction process
of good/service procurement In Sebelas Maret University likes : 1) in the announce of
auction, ii) inclusion and opening price offer, iii) offer evaluation and iv)
delivery/completion goods/works. The kinds of maladministration including : the
non-timely work delivery/completion, the prospect good/service supplier gives false,
incomplete or incorrect data to the procurement committee, the committee's unequal
competence and knowledge on the good/service procurement, the lack of
coordination and communication between the parties involved in the auction process,
user (the good/service user) procurement committee and supplier, resulting in
discrepancy between the good the user wants and the one delivered by the supplier
and the compensation system that has not indicated the justice or compatibility
between the compensation value and the risk or responsibility assumed by the
procurement committee leading to the lower motivation, work spirit and employees'
morality. The aspects affecting the maladministration incidence in the auction process
of good/service procurement in equipment department of Surakarta Sebelas Maret
University include: professionalism, principle of justice, conspiring and unfairness.
Based on the result of research the author recommends that the auction process of
good/service procurement in Surakarta Sebelas Maret University should be managed
more professionally based on the existing regulation (President Decision number 80,
2003), according to the principle of good/service procurement by all parties involved
in the auction process in order to prevent the maladministration.


We perform direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection coupled with surface-to-surface radiation in a rectangular enclosure filled with air to investigate whether this interaction influences the heat transfer, temperature distribution and the flow structures. To do so, horizontal solid plates with finite conductivity are employed for the considered Rayleigh-Benard cell. Such boundary conditions allow local variations of the temperature at the hot and cold interfaces due to their interaction with the fluid and surface radiation. In order to investigate the maximum effect of those boundary conditions, both interfaces are treated as a blackbody e=1 and the cell is filled with a radiatively non-participating fluid (Prandtl number Pr=0.7). The effects of radiation for highly conducting plates are shown and compared to the case where radiation is neglected.

It is found that due to highly conducting plates the mean temperature at the interfaces changes only 0.04% from the one of the infinite conductive plates. Furthermore, we observe that due to surface-to-surface radiation coupled with highly conducting plates, the mean temperature at the interfaces changes 0.1% at the interfaces and 0.2% in the bulk. It is shown that the temperature at the hot interface tends to decrease due to the radiative heat loss while the temperature at the cold interface slightly increases. Apart from that, we observe small changes in the temperature distribution at the interfaces due to surface-to-surface radiation. We notice that the highest temperatures at the top interface appear in the middle and the values steadily decrease towards the edges.

Additionally, we observe a small drop of the convective Nusselt number and little variations of the temperature distribution at the interfaces. Finally, it is shown that all mentioned variations caused by heat radiation between interfaces are too small to visibly change the large scale flow structures when highly conducting plates are employed.
It is also shown that in the non-radiation case of poorly conducting plates the heat transfer and the temperature variations at the interfaces are influenced significantly.


Short biographies of 104 lichenologists who have played a key role in the development of German lichenology are provided. These date from Hoffmann and the early days of lichen classification in the
18th century, through the 19th century with the discovery of the lichen symbiosis by Schwendener and Stahl, to the dynamic period of enormous scientific development of the 20th century. A significant
body of German lichenologists continue to expand this remarkable achievement into the 21th century.


Digital multimedia archives from various providers, including broadcasters, news agencies, and social-media sites such as Flickr and YouTube, are growing rapidly. However, the tools for managing such multimedia collections can't keep up. So, the content is often irretrievable at a later stage. We've designed a tool that lets users quickly view and categorize large multimedia collections. MediaTable combines automatic content-analysis techniques with an interface optimized for visually categorizing large sets of results.


The purpose of this paper is to help dispel the common textbook misperception that consistent instrumental variable estimation requires exogenous instruments. A necessary and sufficient condition is presented that implies Stock and Watson's (2010, App. 12.6) conditional mean independence condition, as well as the textbook condition that instruments and controls be exogenous. The condition herein, when compared to the conditional mean independence condition, allows more cases of consistent estimation with endogenous instruments. Simulations are provided.


The 21st century continues to witness the transformation of organizational systems globally through the deployment of information and communication technologies (ICT). The emerging future is witnessing the convergence of artificial intelligence, biotechnology, nomadic information systems, and nano-technology. This promises to further compel inter-organizational and inter-sectorial interactive transformations. The health care sector is no exception to the inter-organizational dynamic imperatives driven with ICT innovative advances. This article proposes a conceptual model of symbiotic e-health networks in a meta-cultural domain that goes beyond the realm of extant literature on dyadic relationships. The model dimensions are posited on a key informant approach and content analysis of the strategic perceptions of international ICT and health care executives interacting through dyadic partnerships. The findings and implications of the study for the model and further information management research are underscored. The underlying meta-cultural frame is characterized by public governance values and the article explores its perceived role in sustaining symbiotic e-health networks in Canada and Sweden.


I was disappointed that the name of Walter Plowright was not mentioned in the News of the Week story "Rinderpest, deadly for cattle, joins smallpox as a vanquished disease" (D. Normile, 22 October, p. [435][1]). In the late 1950s, Plowright used the newly emerging techniques of tissue culture to serially passage the pathogen such that it lost its ability to cause disease but retained its antigenicity ([ 1 ][2]). The resulting live vaccine produced a lifelong immunity to the disease. He therefore became the equivalent of Jenner in the eradication of smallpox. In recognition of his achievements, Plowright was elected to the Royal Society in 1981 and received the World Food Prize, which honors advances in human development, in 1999. Unfortunately, he died in February of 2010 before the FAO announced the eradication of the disease, which has a huge impact on animal production, especially in Africa.

1. [↵][3] 1. W. Plowright
 , J. Hyg. Camb. 92, 285 (1984).
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This paper describes how there have been a number of very serious tunnel fires in recent times. A few tunnel fire incidents will be briefly reviewed in this paper with respect to human behavior in fire. It is clear from available reports on tunnel fires that in some cases insufficient consideration may have been given in the design of the tunnel to the life safety potential of tunnel users in a fire emergency. It is also apparent that some of the behaviors of people threatened by fire in tunnels were foreseeable. With the aid of hindsight it is possible to reflect on particular events and draw conclusions that should ensure that such events do not happen again.


Human facial expression modeling has been an active research area. Most of the existing systems do not provide an easy way to adjust the model such that different levels of detail of expressions can be modeled. We propose a method for modeling human facial expressions at different resolutions. Our method is based on the facial action coding system (FACS) developed by Ekman and Freisen (1977). Although the facial expressions we are mainly interested in are those related to speech either directly or indirectly, the modeling method can be extended to apply to facial expressions that are not related to speech.


Type of funding sources: None.
 Genetic testing in relatives of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients can lead to early identification of carriers of pathogenic DNA variants (G+), before onset of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Repeated evaluation by electrocardiography (ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is recommended to detect HCM during follow-up. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has become valuable in the work-up of HCM, although its role in G+ subjects has not been extensively evaluated. In this study, we investigated the value of CMR in the G+/LVH- population.
 We included 55 G+ subjects who underwent CMR in addition to ECG and TTE, with a maximal wall thickness (MWT) <15mm on TTE. The CMR imaging protocol consisted at least of steady state free procession imaging and 2-dimensional late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) images. ECGs were considered abnormal in case of pathologic Q waves, T wave inversion or signs of LVH (by voltage criteria including Sokolow-Lyon and a Romhilt-Estes score ≥4). TTEs were abnormal in case of LVH (defined as MWT≥10mm). For both modalities, the diagnosis of HCM was based on a MWT≥13mm. The yield of CMR relative to ECG/TTE was assessed by comparing the proportion of HCM diagnoses and the presence of other phenotypic features. Forward step logistic regression was used to assess whether the presence of TTE/ECG abnormalities could predict reclassifications or abnormalities (crypts and LGE) on CMR.
 An overview of ECG/TTE and CMR findings is shown in the Figure. Two of 16 (13%) subjects diagnosed with HCM on TTE were reclassified as having no HCM on CMR, and 8 of 39 (21%) subjects without HCM on TTE were reclassified as HCM on CMR. These 8 subjects had a mean MWT of 15.4 ± 2.6 mm on CMR and a mean MWT difference of 4.5 ± 2.9 mm (range 1.7-9.4) compared to TTE, which in 3 cases was explained by a hook-shaped thickening of the basal anterior wall in the 2 chamber view, not visible on TTE. Compared to subjects without HCM on both modalities, the reclassified group had a significantly higher QRS duration (104 ± 14 vs 93 ± 11 ms, p = 0.03) and anterior mitral valve leaflet length (30 ± 4 vs 26 ± 3 mm, p = 0.01). Of the 13 subjects with normal ECG/TTE results, none were reclassified as HCM using CMR.
 The proportion of additional CMR abnormalities was large in subjects with and without abnormal ECG/TTE results (57% vs 38%, p = 0.24). Subjects with poor TTE image quality were equally likely to be reclassified compared to those with sufficient image quality (10% vs 24%, p = 0.19). Logistic regression demonstrated that the presence of TTE/ECG abnormalities (odds ratio [OR] 8.7 [1.3-59.0], p = 0.03) and age (OR 1.1 [1.0-1.2], p < 0.01) independently predicted reclassifications or presence of abnormalities using CMR.
 Additional CMR imaging reclassifies 18% of subjects. Subjects with normal ECG and TTE results are not diagnosed as HCM on CMR, but the prevalence of HCM-related abnormalities on CMR was high in subjects with and without ECG/TTE abnormalities.
 Abstract Figure. Diagnostic approach and CMR findings