Schizophrenia is a mental illness with early adult onset. Prophylactic treatments would be clinically important and therefore we investigated the effect of two interventions: influenza vaccination of pregnant mothers and valproate treatment during late adolescence. Maternal immune response during pregnancy is thought to adversely affect brain development. We sought to assess whether immune activation by influenza vaccine could itself cause behavioural abnormalities in a mouse model. Our data suggest that further work is needed to make firm conclusions about the behavioural effects of the influenza vaccine. The second part of this thesis describes an analysis of valproate treatment on cortical neuron morphology in Disc1 L100P mice, a model for schizophrenia. Valproate was previously shown to prevent the onset of abnormal behaviours in Disc1 L100P mice. Contrary to expectations, valproate decreased apical spine density and the number of dendritic processes rather than reversing the dendritic deficits seen in Disc1 L100P mice.


The role of the street environment in the way people cross roads in urban settings is modeled. Respondents were placed in real traffic conditions at the curbside of street blocks in the Tampa Bay, Florida, area for 3-min observations of the street environments. Without crossing the blocks, respondents stated their crossing preference at each of six blocks. The origin and destination of each crossing were hypothetically set and varied across the blocks. So were the options available: two options for crossing at an intersection and up to four options for crossing at midblock locations. Within the framework of discrete choice models, the stated preferences are explained with the street environment, including traffic conditions, roadway characteristics, and signal-control characteristics. All three components of the street environment are considered: midblock locations, intersections, and roadside environment. The data are described; a nested logit model of pedestrian street-crossing behavior is estimated; and its implications to researchers and practitioners are discussed.


Abstract In this contribution different methods to excite dynamic systems are presented. Model-based/model-free and offline/online design plans are discussed and methods to optimize design plans with respect to the intended use are introduced. The presented design plans are appropriate to identify the dynamics of combustion engines and are evaluated by simulation and practical examples.


though well-informed people sternly warn the public that the end of the war is distant and believe what they say, there is a good deal of difference between intellectual and emotional conviction. If we knew that by putting everything into the war " effort " peace would be accomplished in two or three years, we should cheerfully sacrifice even education, to say nothing of the intellctual solace which has kept some of us from despair. But we know nothing of the sort; indeed we know the exact contrary. It is already obvious that the chaos which succeeded November 11, 1918, will seem like a Saturnian age in comparison with what must follow the final collapse of the enemy in Europe and Asia at the end of this war. He would surely be a dangerously wishful thinker who budgeted for a return ito stable conditions within five years of the next armistice. We have to face .the fact that certainly two and probably more than two educational generations of young people must be trained wholly under wartime conditions. They must have books-reprints, revised editions, new books. Those who teach them must have opportunities to exchange new ideas and make known new truths. All this applies with special force to the medical sciences, because here the conditions of life since 1939 have brought and will continue to bring data which a hundred years of the pre-1939 epoch could not supply. Books and journals are not less but more important now than in peacetime because of the interruption of teaching. Most would agree that decentralization has not been a wholly unmixed evil, but it has necessarily brought to an end some teaching in special or ancillary branches of medical science which was of value. Again, the understandable preference of the fighting Services for "' intensive" courses of instruction must result in disaster unless books are available. It is a common experience of specialist teachers to be asked to cover in two or three lectures what would normally occupy ten. There is only one way to meet this situation. The teacher must wholly recast his instruction and give explicit guidance in reading; this -is useless if the books or papers recommended cannot be had. It may be, as some hold, that nothing could have prevented the growth of the moral and intellectual virus which has poisoned the life of a continent. But it is at least arguable that four years' qomplete absorption in the war "effort," followed by years of intellectual paralysis owing to scarcity of books and laboratory facilities, swept and garnished the Central European house into which the devil entered. That danger is now our danger. Let the consuls look to it that the State does not suffer a lasting injury.


In this paper V will be a nondefective quadratic space over a field of characteristic 2, O(V) will be the orthogonal group of V, 0+(V) will be the group of rotations, Q(V) will be the commutator subgroup of O(V) and 0'(1V) will be the spinorial kernel (considered as a subgroup of 0+). We will show that 0'=Q if F is a local field. This result is known if V is isotropic and may be found in [3]. We assume as familiar the theory of quadratic forms over fields of characteristic 2 as treated in [1] and [3]. In ?1 we state some basic results about the general theory and the local theory. The word "field" will mean "field of characteristic 2." When possible we use the notation and terminology of [5]. The matrix notation of [7] will also be employed.


Many machines in our hospital,including dentistry treating instr uments,breathing equipments and operating suspension,all need to use the purified compressed air.By improving the compressed air system for oxygen chamber,we make it become the central purified compressed air system covering all the hospital.By this we avoid the repeating conˉstructions,improving the medical environment,reducing the hidden danger and making this system convenient to manˉage.


We present the main peculiarities of the accurate microwave techniques for measuring the surface impedance properties of unconventional superconductors and the complex permittivity of biochemical liquids. The samples under test are substances with very small and very high losses of microwave energy. The techniques are developed by authors on the basis of high-Q whispering-gallery mode sapphire resonators of different geometry. The developed techniques allow measuring superconductors in forms of both large-area unpatterned films (up to 50mm diameter) and small single crystals (about 2×2×0.1mm3). They allow also measuring liquids under test of sub-microliter/nanoliter volumes. The authors underline a fundamental difference in the finding characteristics of the two types of substances which differ greatly by levels of microwave losses. Experimental data are obtained in Ka-band.


The studies of Information technology (IT) governance is one of the important part of this paper. The previous research, it concluded if the model of IT governance trust can be used to analyze IT governance at high school and it has already implemented in every school. The model is IT governance trust is developed by 4 variable independent and 5 variable dependent that consist of a readiness model (4 variables/independent variable), a usability model (3 variables/variable dependent), trust variable and IT governance variable. On the other hand, researcher had already experiment trust variable that influence the determination alignment of business strategies and IT strategies to support IT governance. By adopt the previous work; researcher tries to integrate 5 variables, namely business-IT, IT governance, user trust, user satisfaction and loyalty variable. The purpose of the research is assessing how far the user loyalty influenced by business-IT, IT governance, user satisfaction, and user trust when connected on business-IT governance alignment through interpretative and statistical analyses using SMART PLS 3.28 analyzes. The analyses result conclude that user loyalty on IT system use had influenced significantly by variable of the business-IT, IT governance, user satisfaction, and user trust of 59.2 %. It means it is significantly the model can also be used to analyze business-IT governance influence on user loyalty in other place.


Two neural network architectures involving nonlinear spectral transformations are described. The first architecture involves generalization of nonlinear matched-filtering techniques, yielding a network that is very fast in learning and recall as well as highly accurate in classification. The second architecture is hierarchical with a number of stages; after each stage, error detection is carried out, followed by nonlinear spectral transformations when the error measure is above threshold.<<ETX>>


Human resource planning has always been a key issue to professional companies. To help professional firms cope with demands, a dynamic approach for planning human resources in a continuous time frame is proposed. We analytically determine an exact and globally optimal solution to a firm's human resources by explicitly considering its hierarchical structure, costs of recruiting and hiring, workload, contract delays, loss of revenues, and an over-capacity issue. Managerial implications of this study are also discussed.


This paper first proposes that Aims of English Teaching should go beyond communicative competence according to Bloom's taxonomy. Then it mainly analyzes that teaching English as a foreign language in China can learn from CSILE/KB Program of University of Toronto in terms of goal setting, active roles of thinking scaffolding and comprehensive English competence acquirement.To bring TEFL to a new stage,the integration of TEFL with KB and MOOCS is put forward and some suggestions are made in the end.


Dear Sir A recent article (1), published in The Lancet entitled 'Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo or active-treatment controlled trials', has come to my attention. The authors studied 16 randomised controlled trials including a total of 820 patients with acute and chronic neck pain, treated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT). A significant reduction in pain intensity immediately after treatment in acute neck pain and up to 22 weeks after completion of treatment in patients with chronic neck pain was found. Side-effects from LLLT were mild and no different from those of placebo. Unfortunately, the study does not categorise any specific neck pain diagnosis but, nevertheless, is still relevant for the headache practice. Neck pain is faced every day by the headache specialist; in addition, neck pain is mentioned by two-thirds of migraine patients during their attacks. Laser therapy is a modality that can be viewed with scepticism by physicians or healthcare providers, in part because unwarranted claims are sometimes made in the lay press and in advertising. The mechanism behind laser therapy action also remains unknown, but many drugs that are prescribed every day for neck pain (and headache disorders) have unclear mechanisms of action, sometimes with significant side effects. LLLT has a potential for efficacy in headache disorders and a very benign side-effect profile, suitable for several patient profiles including its use in pregnancy, the elderly, patients with allergies to medications, and the paediatric population. LLLT is also an option worthy of consideration for a trial in the patient who did not respond to usual therapy. Unlike other lasers in medicine, LLLT devices should not be expensive; treatments can also be cost effective. This letter is a call for the headache research community to look with more emphasis not only in LLLT use for primary headache disorders but also other non-pharmacological treatments for headaches, since today's medicine is heavily biased towards pharmacological approaches to therapies because of massive investment by pharmaceutical companies, as opposed to a minimal government or public investment in non-commercial oriented therapies. Further trials of LLLT in migraine, tension-type headache, and neck-related headaches are warranted, the funding source is critical since device companies may bias methodology and interfere with evidence. Trials relevant to headache therapy with unbiased funding should be reinforced by society.


The strong focusing required for high brightness in a third generation light source presents challenges in maintaining a good dynamic aperture. A traditional approach to improving dynamic stability has relied on fixing the tunes of the lattice away from major resonances, to minimise the strengths of the driving terms. We present here the results of an alternative approach, based on controlling the phase advances over different sections of the lattice, to reduce the magnitude of damaging terms in the single-turn map. This has yielded good results in the case of the storage ring for DIAMOND [1], the UK third generation light source.


To overcome the drawback of prematurity in classical GA and improve its global convergency, this paper presens a new type of genetic algorithm which is based on the parallel strategy of gene reconfiguration. The algorithm uses a new type of cross operators called shift logical cross operation which includes butterflying and shuffling logical cross operation. These cross operations reconfigure a part of genes in the chromosome according to a special rule. Experimental results show that the method has much higher convergence speed and stability than classical GA.


India has been showing a growing import dependence in most industries, especially in the all-important capital goods or machinery sector (Chaudhuri 2013). This is reflected in rising royalty payments and license fees to foreign companies for industrial technologies (Mani 2018). The ominous signs were, however, ignored during India's economic boom of 2003-08. There was a wishful belief that India's trajectory would be as a software superpower (the world's back office) specialising in higher value-added services. India was at the time the world's fastest growing large economy, nipping at China's heels.


SummaryExchanges between the social classes by social mobility and marriage in Oxford in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the relation between this social movement and geographical marital distance and marital age are analysed. The data were obtained from the marriage registers of nine contiguous ecclesiastical parishes which transect the city. There have been wide channels for social flow enabling rapid development of relatedness and genetic similarity between the classes. Whether or not this has occurred, however, depends upon the randomness of the social movement with respect to ancestry and genotype. Exchanges are greater through social mobility than through marriage, and differ little between the 19th and 20th centuries. Marital distance and marital age of the groom are determined by his social class, and independently by the class of his father and of the bride's father. These effects, however, appear to be essentially additive and there is no evidence that the socially mobile, or those who marry ou...


[1] Concise rainfall, temperature, and humidity climatologies are available for most countries, reflecting the regular annual variation of these quantities, usually with monthly resolution. Although numerous surveys of global and regional lightning activity exist, no comparable national climatologies of lightning activity are available. Annual lightning flash rate patterns for most African countries are derived here using 10 years of data from two satellite lightning detectors. These patterns can be represented accurately by annual and semiannual sinusoidal components superimposed on a mean level. The highest-average lightning activity (47.8 km−2 yr−1) occurs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, while the lowest (0.2 km−2 yr−1) is found in Egypt. Very little lightning is observed in the Sahara, while a consistently high intensity is found throughout the tropics. There is a clear reversal in the phase of the annual component across the equator. Within the tropics the amplitude of the semiannual variation is a significant fraction of that of the annual variation but becomes less important in the subtropics.


Mutations in the gene encoding the microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT) cause frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. Clinical variability is seen not only among families with different mutations, but also among family members with the same mutation. We investigated a newly identified familial frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism family. The disease was of early onset and was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Clinically, parkinsonism was the prominent and often early feature, and it preceded dementia. Three autopsied cases shared involvement predominantly in the frontal and temporal lobes and also in the subcortical nuclei, including substantia nigra, globus pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus, that microscopically consisted of neuronal loss, microvacuolation, and astrocytic fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated neuropil threads, ballooned cells, and glial fibrillary tangles. Sequencing analysis of the MAPT gene showed an alteration in one allele, resulting in a P301S substitution. These findings suggest that the MAPT P301S mutation can cause pathologically subcortical‐predominant, neuropil thread‐rich, tau‐containing lesions, which could result in consistent parkinsonism. Our study confirms the notion that the phenotype observed in affected individuals from P301S MAPT mutation families is heterogeneous and is broader than the phenotypes seen to date in affected family members carrying other MAPT mutations. Ann Neurol 2005


Material and methods: Fifty-eight patients (33 females and 25 males) with multiple sclerosis were included in the study. All of the patients underwent a detailed neurological examination, according to the clinical course of multiple sclerosis. For the assessment of quality of life, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Barthel Index (BI) for daily-life activities, and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 Instrument (MSQOL-54) were used. To determine sexual dysfunction, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire (IIEF) were used for females and males, respectively. The relationship between the scores of FSFI, IIEF and MSQOL-54, EDSS, BI was investigated.


Chapter 1 List of Figures Chapter 2 Acknowledgments Chapter 3 Abstract Chapter 4 Introduction: Statement of the Problem: Historical Background of the Federal Judiciary Antifederalist Movement Executive Authority Theoretical Framework Hypotheses and Research Questions Methodology, Procedures, and Techniques Significan Chapter 5 Literature Review Chapter 6 Presidents Ronald Reagan and William Clinton: Biographical Overview and Political Ideology: Ronald Reagan: The Early Years Ronald Reagan: Political Ideology William Clinton: The Early Years William Clinton: Political Ideology Chapter 7 Selection of Nominees by Presidents Reagan and Clinton: Ronald Reagan's Political Stance Ronald Reagan's Nominees William Clinton's Political Stance William Clinton's Nominees Chapter 8 Odyssey of Bork and Guinier: From Nomination to Defeat: Robert Bork Lani Guinier Chapter 9 The Role of Congress in the Nomination Confirmation Process: The Role of the Senate: Committee Procedures The Interaction Between the Senate and the President The Senate Judiciary Committee Chapter 10 Interest Group Activity: Impact of Interest Groups on Bork's Nomination Judge Bork's Legal Writings Impact of the Media on Bork's Nomination Chapter 11 Media Activity: Impact of the Media on Guinier's Nomination Professor Guinier's Writings Chapter 12 Summary Chapter 13 Glossary Chapter 14 Bibliography Chapter 15 Index Chapter 16 About the Author


We consider an important class of digital control systems whose plants are endowed with delays, and we show that such systems may be described by discontinuous functional differential equations. Next, we establish Lyapunov stability results for this class of systems. To accomplish this, we make use of some of our earlier work concerning the stability of discontinuous dynamical systems determined by functional differential equations


The research of zebra crossing recognition plays an extremely important role in vehicle detection and blind guidance system. From the experiment, we find a method of zebra crossing detection and recognition based on depthwise separable convolutions. In the coding part, we use depthwise separable convolutions to extract the layer from the trunk model, which has been convolved many times and has certain characteristics. In the decoding part, the PSPNet model is improved, the coding layers with different downsampling generations are used for comparison, and all the extraction layers are stacked to get the prediction results, thus solving the problem of small targets disappearing. Through experimental analysis and data training, the mean intersection over union of zebra crossing segmentation reaches 90.7%, and the average recognition speed is less than 0.1s.


Summary The residential property market is dependent upon the overall well‐being of the economy, with movements of the residential property prices following a cyclical movement over time. The macro‐economic factors that influence prices are studied for the United Kingdom and compared with results from other countries. In the United Kingdom's case interest rates, building costs, the number of new housing starts, disposable income, investment in other assets, inflation and expectations play important roles in the determination of residential price movements. In addition, the numbers of new housing developments that are started are determined by interest rates, disposable income, building costs and expectations of property price rises. The building costs are also determined by wage rates, interest rates and the rate of inflation.


The subject of this thesis is the study and analysis of a high-order model of a doubly-fed induction machine (DFIM), suitable for unbalanced condition studies on a wind farm. At first, an introduction is made of the renewable energy sources, with special mention of the wind energy. Then, there is the description of the different types of wind turbines than exist nowadays, their components and their aerodynamic conversion. A general presentation of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is made and after that, for the study of disturbances, the dynamic model and the vector control of a high-order model of a doubly-fed induction generator are presented. Through mathematical equations, the performance of this generator under voltage dips is then described, result of various transition phenomena. Finally, the simulation of a wind farm that includes wind turbines of this type, is made and several disturbances on the grid, such as: symmetrical and asymmetrical faults, sudden changes of the wind speed, loss and change of the load. Simulation is made with the use of the software MATLAB/Simulink, version 7.6.


The title compound, C21H24N2O2, is a phenyl hydrazine derivative of the well known anthelminthic agent α-santonin, which is composed of three fused rings (benzodieneone, cyclohexane and γ-lactone). The cyclohexadienone ring adopts a boat conformation, the cyclohexane ring is in a chair conformation and the trans-fused γ-lactone ring adopts a C-envelope conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the a axis.


PurposeCreating memorable experiences for customers at the individual property is one of the primary goals in hotel management across all segments. Adopting the concept of the ingredient branding, this study aims to attempt to identify the effects of bathroom amenity brands on customers' attitudes toward the hotel brand image and their behavior intentions toward a hotel brand. Specifically, this study assesses the importance of bathroom amenities on customer experience. It also examines the effects of bathroom amenity and their sustainable practices on hotel brand image and behavior intentions. Lastly, it provides suggestions for hoteliers in selecting right and appealing bathroom amenities while enhancing customers' hotel experience.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a 3 (hotel service level: economy, midscale, vs luxury) × 2 (bathroom amenity brand: luxury vs general) × 2 (bathroom amenity packaging: bottle vs dispenser) between-subjects experimental design. A total of 557 useable surveys were obtained to test the study's hypotheses.FindingsThe results reveal that customers had a better hotel image when high-end brand bathroom amenities in a bottle were offered. Specifically, when economy hotels provided high-end brand bathroom amenities, customers had a better hotel image, which lead to strong return intentions. Typically, bathroom amenities in the bottle were perceived better than those in the dispenser when it came to the hotel image.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study reconfirm that the level of hotel service, bathroom amenity brand and bathroom amenity packaging jointly affect hotels' overall image. Specifically, the generic bathroom amenity in the dispenser somewhat degrades the image of the hotel for economy hotels; however, the image of hotel is not significantly affected by the type of bathroom packaging when the hotel has luxury bathroom amenities. Thus, hotel management should pay more attention to selecting the bathroom amenity brand, which can offer more memorable experience for customers.Originality/valueLittle research has been documented on the effects of hotel bathroom amenity brands on customers' attitudes toward hotel brand image and their psychological behaviors in the hotel industry, lacking rigorous theoretical examinations. The current study provides several important contributions not only to the body of knowledge but to the hotel industry.


An optimal design for seismic energy dissipation structure damper was conducted based on EP gain and by means of taking displacement between floors as interesting output.After directly obtained EP gain,the maximum displacement between floors wasn't improved obviously,in spite of having an increase of useable structure spatial.If the elements of weight matrix corresponding to the weak storey were multiplied by a penalty factor,the optimal effect would be improved obviously.The given procedure was applied to a 10-storey RC frame to verify the efficiency and function.According to the earthquake time history analysis results,the advantage of the optimal design methods was evident,and had practical value.


The existence of a reciprocal relationship between the presence of cilia on cells and mitotic activity was originally proposed by Henneguy (1898) and by Lenhossék (1898) . Evidence has been presented recently that lends support to this hypothesis. Dingemans (1969) has determined the frequency of cilia on cells in the rat adenohypophysis before and after stimulation of mitotic activity, and has found that "most of the cells contain a cilium, but that cells which can be considered to have a high mitotic activity contain one less frequently ." Rash et al . (1969) have determined that cilia are to be found during cardiac differentiation in the embryonic chick, and concluded that "the abrupt transformation from mitotic replicative tissue to nonmitotic structuring tissue is correlated with the disappearance of centrioles and the formation of cilia ." It may be concluded from these papers, and from many earlier papers, that in some cell types there is a negative correlation between the presence of cilia and mitotic activity . However, it has not been demonstrated that a negative


The essence of urban land use evolvement is a functionary process of self-organized mechanism of urban ecological sight in the man-made control.According to the concept of vital mechanism of urban land use evolvement,the paper constructs the urban land use evolvement model based on cellular automata with geographic feature concept,and makes a case study on land use evolvement of Shenzhen City.This study makes it clear that the urban land use evolvement model based on CA with the concept of vital mechanism and geographic feature is able to express the rule of urban growth effectively and simulates urban spatial evolvement truly.


Wake up ischemic stroke (WUIS), also known as awakening stroke, refers to patients with no new stroke symptoms during sleep, but after waking up, the patients or witness who found the acute cerebral infarction with stroke performance.The key to the treatment of acute ischemic stroke is to effectively restore reperfusion within the time window.The original intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) thrombolytic therapy, is widely recognized as an effective treatment method of choice for 4.5h onset of acute ischemic stroke reperfusion.Because the exact onset time of WUIS is unclear and limited by current scientific and technical levels, intravenous thrombolysis may lead to an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage.Therefore, the American Heart Association and the American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) were included in the "Intravenous Thrombolysis" . Intravenous thrombolysis is not recommended in the Standard Scientific Statement.Patients who may be suitable for thrombolytic therapy are not able to obtain thrombolytic therapy, resulting in poor clinical prognosis.In recent years, with the further development of relevant clinical research and the rapid development of imaging technology, the latest research found that multi-mode imaging examination is safe and effective for intravenous thrombolytic therapy in patients with post-stroke stroke.Multi-mode imaging studies help screening patients with acute reperfusion therapy, so that part of WUIS patients will benefit from the acute reperfusion therapy.This article reviews and summarizes the literature findings of WUIS in recent years.The pathophysiological changes, clinical features and imaging changes of patients with WUIS and non-WUIS are almost unanimously.Early CT and MRI examinations can help to extend acute stroke treatment to patients with WUIS.At present, for this type of patients, there are great research progress in the formulation and implementation of clinical treatment strategies.This article will briefly summarize the research progress and treatment status of WUIS.

Key words:
Stroke; Thrombolytic therapy; Magnetic resonance imaging; Review


Cleanroom wipers have long played an indispensable role in managing contamination in controlled environments. From wiping residues on hard surfaces to applying cleaning solutions, wipers perform a variety of tasks that help maintain the cleanliness levels desired in a given cleanroom environment. This makes the selection of cleanroom wipers a critical decision in any controlled environment. One common way to distinguish between cleanroom wipers of similar structural design is to compare test results across a variety of criteria, according to recommended practices by organizations such as the IEST. However, these results are typically listed as single data points for a given test and are meant to indicate either "typical values," or even target specifications, in some instances. This approach is inherently limited and ineffective in assessing the true levels of cleanliness of a given wiper product. In this study, we review the test methods that are used to evaluate cleanroom wipers and present a new and improved approach by which users can evaluate their cleanliness. We provide a framework by which the consistency of the cleanliness of cleanroom wipers can be assessed in a statistically relevant manner. Finally, we demonstrate the value of using consistency of test results rather than a singular test result as the true measure of wiper quality.


Statements of Horton's law in Horton, Strahler, and consistent stream ordering systems are presented. A topological characterization of a 'Horton net' is given. It is then shown how the analog of 'temperature' can be defined in microcanonical ensembles of stream nets, based on an earlier representation of river nets by graphs (bifurcating arborescences).


Increased availability of wearable devices, smart phones establishes a platform for designing innovative distributed crowd sourcing mobile applications. These applications can take advantage of computation offloading to augment the constrained resources and unavailability of required context on single mobile device. ContextMete is an offloading architecture that execute such applications across the optimized set of nearby volunteer devices that have the required context. It uses human mobile interaction models to predict context on the mobile for context optimization in offload decisions. ContextMete is evaluated using construction of 360° video using dynamically discovered devices situated in four strategic locations of the stadium.


PURPOSE: A submarine mattress block is provided to prevent a connecting part from being damaged by forming a dual engagement structure of an arc protrusion and an arc groove. CONSTITUTION: A block body(10) is connected by a connector(J) to form a mattress structure. An arc groove(20) is formed on the side of the body. An arc protrusion(30) is protruded from the side of the block body and is engaged with the arc groove.


It is apparent that the kidney is the organ ultimately responsible for the salt and water retention, hence the edema formation, in congestive heart failure, but why the kidney fails to excrete these substances normally in this disease state remains to be determined. Venous congestion, and renal venous congestion in particular, has been postulated as one of the factors playing a role in the decreased electrolyte and water excretions. Recent observations in animals and man lend support to this concept.


Recent advances in measurements and models are paving the way to transform fundamental understanding and simulation of ice-nucleating particles and their climate impacts.


Community energy planning requires detailed consideration of tradeo's at the building and community energy system level. As a €rst step, the evaluation of district energy systems requires hourly or subhourly pro€les of building consumption. Energy modelling is a timeconsuming process so methodologies which streamline these e'orts are bene€cial in expediting solar community design. Œis paper proposes a three stage approach which includes early energy estimates, detailed energy models and economic optimization. To quickly build energy models, geometry is created using a SketchUp interface. Various modelling best practices and technologies are programmed using a scripting methodology with EnergyPlus.


Pot was employed to study the drought resistance of four climbing rose(Rosa Chinensis) cultivars("Summer camp","Jubilation","Western emperor","Mozart").The results of the study revealed that under the drought stress: ① The holding water and retention capability decreased in the order of "Jubilation","Summer camp","Western emperor",and "Mozart".② The relative electricity conductivity of "Mozart" was 19.7%,19.6% and 24.0% higher compared with that of "Western emperor","Summer camp",and "Jubilation" respectively,and the MDA content of "Mozart" was significantly higher than that of others(P0.05).③ The Pro and WSD content of "Jubilation" were significantly higher than those of "Summer camp" and "Mozart" respectively(P0.05).④ The chlorophyll content of "Jubilation" increased 43.3% and 19.8% respectively compared with that of "Mozart" and "Western emperor".⑤ The drought resistances of 4 cultivars were comprehensively evaluated by subordinative function method,and their drought resistances were shown to decrease in the order of "Jubilation","Summer camp","Western emperor",and "Mozart".


Purpose: The study aimed to find the association between ankle muscle strength and agility in competitive badminton players. Method: Thirty-two competitive badminton players (age 21.1 ± 2.9 years and competition experience 4.8 ± 1.9 years) participated in the study. The maximum isometric strength for the ankle dorsiflexor, plantar flexor, invertor, and evertor was tested with the Baseline Push-Pull Dynamometer per the standard method. Agility data were collected by using the modified badminton-specific agility testing protocol. Analysis: Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlations, and one-way ANOVA (F) was used to compare the agility and ankle muscle strength in different players' competitiveness levels. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Agility was significantly correlated to the playing years' experience (r = 0.43; P = 0.01) and competitiveness (r = 0.55; P = 0.001). Agility significantly varied among the different competitive levels (F = 7.49; P = 0.002). There was no significant correlation between ankle muscle strength and agility. Conclusion: Our study shows that ankle muscle strength did not significantly affect the agility of competitive badminton players. However, the agility was significantly different with the level of competitiveness and was correlated to the playing experience years of the players.


The utility model relates to a remote greenhouse intelligent control system, which comprises a main controller, a detection device and an executing mechanism, wherein the detection device is connected to the input end of the main controller, the executing mechanism is connected to the output end of the main controller, the main controller is installed in a greenhouse and internally provided with a control system, the control system is connected to a GPRS remote control system, and the GPRS remote control system is connected to a computer or a mobile phone through a GPRS client, thereby transmitting data of the control system to the mobile phone or the computer, and carrying out real-time control on the executing mechanism through the mobile phone or the computer. The remote greenhouse intelligent control system can be applicable to sunlight greenhouses with different specifications, and temperature, humidity, illumination, carbon dioxide and the like required by crops can be inputted through the computer or the mobile phone according to the growing environment of the crops, thereby greatly saving manpower and material resources, and improving the work efficiency. A one-touch operation can be carried out in case of an emergency in particular.


In this paper a simple structure of Ultra Wideband (UWB) antenna is proposed. The antenna offers excellent performance for UWB system, ranging from 3.7 GHz to 13.8 GHz. The antenna exhibits a 10 dB return loss bandwidth over the entire frequency band. The antenna is designed on FR4 substrate and fed with 50 ohms microstrip line. It is found that the frequency band depends on the width of the partial ground width, the width of the feedline and position of the feedline.


This study examined the role of community members and government officials in sustainable solid waste management and identified options to improve waste management in Ghana. Mixed-methods approach was used in research design, data collection, and analysis. Data was collected from 81 community members drawn from three areas (Kanda, Asylum Down, and Nima) in the Accra Metropolitan Area, and four government officials. Data sets were analyzed using manual transcription, coding and Microsoft excel. The study revealed that communities are actively involved in managing waste. However, education and enforcement measures have not been effective due to political interference and a lack of resources. Furthermore, the study found that greater support from local government and stakeholders is needed in managing waste. The study recommends educating community members and integrating waste pickers into Ghana's waste management stream to reduce the costs involved in SSWM and gain social and environmental benefits..


The massive increase in nucleotide sequence information available in public and private databases, coupled with advances in mass spectrometry (MS) and the associated search algorithms, have provided the basis for the emerging field of proteomics. The recent announcement of 35 000 or so genes in the human genome was on the low side of the number predicted. Yet, it re-affirms the view that cellular organisation is a complex system of protein complexes and networks of gene products. As Walter Blackstock (Glaxo-Wellcome, UK) pointed out 'We achieve our complexity not by sheer force of gene numbers, but by the infinitely subtle way in which gene products interact'. As a newcomer to the field it is clear that proteomics is now coming of age. At the end of the two day proteomics conference held at the Basel Hilton, Switzerland, my overriding impression was that momentum is gathering around the globe to catalogue and characterise the proteins encoded by the human genome, to compare variations in their expression levels under different conditions, study their interactions, and identify their functional roles. Proteomics on this scale requires new technologies and techniques and considerable effort is currently being devoted to the development of novel tools of the trade.


The director of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction explains what a no deal Brexit would mean for the UK and the Lisbon based agency


The thickness uniformity within a wafer is studied in GaAs LPE layers grown by the horizontal sliding boat techniques. Thickness nonuniformity appears in the sliding direction of a solution when very thin (∼0.3 μm thick) layers are grown from supercooled solutions. Thicker layers are grown on the side which is first brought into contact with the solution. The diffusion theory of LPE growth explains that such thickness distribution is mainly due to transient growth while a supercooled solution slides across the wafer.


The proceeding of mating system studies in voles were reviewed, based on the ecological patterns of social organization, factors affecting mate choice, sexual dimorphisms, male ejaculatory capacity, neuroendocrinological mechanism for social pair bonding Various study paradigms of mating systems in voles were also introduced, with methodological aspects including of ecology, comparative psychology, physiology and neurobiology First, ecologists have discovered that the voles represent a group of closely related species with contrasting patterns of social organization, and provide integrate diversity of mating systems: monogamy, polygyny, polyandry and promiscuity Second, ethologists, using approaches of comparative psychology, have established mating systems as association with mate choices among intersexual individuals by familiarity, social dominant rank, and recency of mating by potential mate The association was limited to a comparison between monogamous and promiscuous vole species And the association based on the dichotomous comparison has not been examined among monogamous, polygynous and promiscuous vole species The dichotomy was so prevailing in the past that the research of relationship between mate choice and mating systems in voles was incomprehensive Third, neurobiologist, collaborating with behavioral ecologists, has found that prairie vole is an excellent model system for the neurobiological bases of pair bonding in monogamy, suggesting that two neuropeptide hormones, vasopressin and oxytocin, and adrenal glucocorticoid with their pathways in the central nervous system appear to influence pair bonding and various aspects affiliation in monogamous voles Exactly how these hormones interact and integrally affect social behavior remains to be defined, as do their roles in the non monogamous vole species


Although previous studies have shown the successful use of pressure-induced reactive hyperemia as an assessment tool of endothelial function, the sensitivity remains questionable. This study aims at investigating the feasibility and sensitivity of a novel multiscale entropy index (MEI) in detecting subtle endothelial dysfunction in healthy and diabetic subjects. Totally 66 subjects were recruited from Hualien Hospital, Taiwan, and categorized into healthy aged group (Group 1), well- (Group 2) and poorly-controlled diabetic patients (Group 3). Arterial pulse wave signals were acquired from the wrist with air pressure sensing system (APSS), followed by MEI and dilatation index (DI) analyses. The results showed that MEILS(RH) succeeded in detecting significant differences among the three groups, whereas there was no notable difference in MEISS(Baseline), MEILS(Baseline), MEISS(Baseline) and DIEEMD between Group 2 and Group 3. In conclusion, MEILS(RH) may serve as a sensitive indicator of subtle endothelial dysfunction.


Low-energy arsenic implants used in the formation of ultrashallow junctions are characterized on a high current ion implanter. Significant advantages in beam current and process throughput are demonstrated by using the arsenic dimer ion (As + 2 ) for implant energies lower than 5 keV. Dimer implants require only half the dose and use twice the energy of equivalent As+ implants, resulting in significantly reduced implant times. Process results including Thermawave (TW), sheet resistance (R s ), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) profiles, electrical test and yield show equivalence between As + and As + 2 implants.


Absorption spectra are reported for PbI 2 clusters incorporated into zeolite FAU with various loading densities. There appear many absorption bands corresponding to one to five molecular clusters. With decreasing the cluster size, the spectra show the remarkable blue shift in qualitative agreement with the quantum confinement of the electron and the hole. The smaller clusters indicate the strong absorption in spite of the decrease in the molecular number. This result is ascribed to the quantum size effect on the exciton oscillator strength.


PurposeThis article aims to examine political marketing strategies adopted by the politicians operating in base of the pyramid (BOP) areas and their impact on the BOP voters using the tenets of the social influence theory.Design/methodology/approachThe authors resorted to a qualitative phenomenological inquiry for this study. The responses obtained from two qualitative studies were subjected to thematic analysis. Two thematic maps were integrated into a conceptual model.FindingsStudy 1 indicates that the politicians operating at the BOP resort to vote-bank segmentation, clientelism, mobilizing opinion leaders, short guerilla war against opposition and communication bombarding. Study 2 has elaborated on how poor voters perceive these strategies and form their opinions towards the party/candidate.Social implicationsThe findings of this study highlight the need for essential policy formulation to protect BOP consumers from deceptive political tactics.Originality/valueThis study develops a model of the effectiveness of voting strategies at the BOP. It also contributes to the literature on social influence theory by indicating how the three social influence processes (compliance, identification and internalization) result in different ways of accepting political influence.


Non-timber forest products are non-wooded biological resources derived from both natural and managed forests and other wooded areas. The objective of the study was to perform resource assessment for baseline information on the status and distribution of locally prioritized plant based non-timber forest products in Nuwakot and Sindhupalchok districts of Langtang National Park's buffer zones. Consultative workshops and forest inventory techniques were applied to collect data. From the consultative workshops 133 species of plants having use value were identifi ed. It was identifi ed that Gaultheria fragrantissima and Edgeworthia gardneri were more potential species for commercial production and utilization. For commercial production and collection of Gaultheria fragrantissima, buffer zone areas of Nuwakot district will be the better place. Similarly, the commercial production and collection of Edgeworthia gardneri will be better in buffer zone areas of Sindhupalchok district. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 102-117


Kinetic testing is one of the key tools for predicting the long-term weathering of mine waste materials and their potential environmental impacts. The standard methodology commonly undertaken for kinetic testing of mine waste is the ASTM D 5744 humidity cell test procedure. However, this test requires a significant time period to generate representative data, with typical test duration in excess of 40 weeks. In some cases, it may even require years before suitable information is obtained. This long lead time can have significant impact on mine development schedules especially if the data is required by environmental regulators for the permit application procedures. Due to the time constraints of mine development programs, it is highly desirable to identify complimentary test methods that are able to deliver the required data for water quality predictions in a shorter period of time. One of the more promising methods is the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) leach test (a common variant being the Net Acid Generation or NAG tests). The resulting NAG leach solutions can potentially be scaled to field conditions to allow for a preliminary prediction of mine waste seepage water quality. This paper compares results from NAG testing and long term humidity cell testing, including correlations between the two data sets to show whether NAG leaching is an appropriate method for preliminary rapid assessment of mine site drainage water quality.


In order to investigate genetic regulation of quantitative traits in wheat, the genetic analyses on plant height, the top 1st (internode) length, spike length, spikes per plant, fertilized spikelets per spike, sterile spikelets per spike, spikelets per spike,grains per spike were conducted in DH population derived from F_1 of cross between wheat cultivars "Zhengzhou 8761" and "Chuanyu 35050". The results showed that the (heritability) of plant height, the top 1st (internode) length, spike length, spikes per plant, fertilized spikelets per spike, sterile spikelets per spike, spikelets per spike, and grains per spike were 92%,83%,79%,30%,48%,48%,53% and 47%, respectively. The least genes controlling the characteristics were 5, 6, 10, 12, 11, 11, 11 and 9, respectively. Based upon estimated coefficients of skewness (g_1) and kurtosis (g_2) of those traits, it would be concluded that gene (interaction) was absent for plant height, the top 1st (internodal) legth, spike length, fertilized spikelets per spike, spikelets per spike and grains per spike. (However), complementary gene (interaction) was found for spikes per plant and sterile spikelets per spike.


Knowledge extraction from semi-structured or unstructured documents and texts can be handled by various approaches and viewpoints, including theoretical or mathematical constructions and matrix algebra applications to various ontologies and implementation techniques.


This paper reports a direct approach to the study of values in three one-unit required courses conducted with first term freshmen, third term sophomores and second term seniors at the International Christian University in Japan. Objectives of the study were to provide opportunities for students to: 1) identify the substance, range and focus of their value pattern; 2) examine their values against prevailing and emerging politico-economic, religious-ethnical and secular ideologies; and 3) clarify, test and reshape their vale patterns through group discussion and individual analyses. Three inventories were used: Thirteen Secular Ways cf Living; Six Pclitico-Economic Ways of Living; and Nine Religious-Ethical Ways. Each "Way" was a value pattern (a group of related beliefs with a focus) which was rated on a seven point scale and then ranked within each inventory from closest to and farthest from the student's stance. Data from the three classes are longitudinal to the extent that freshmen data include responses of sophomores. But this report is limited to changes in intercorrelation between value patterns from freshmen to senior years on the inventories. Findings show that there were 21 significant intercorrelations between the 28 ways for first term freshmen, 49 for third term sophomores and 66 for second term seniors. (Author/SJM) Maurice E. Troyer Department of Higher Education Syracuse University Syracuse, N. Y. 13210 Purposes, Processes and Consequences of Three Spaced 1-Unit Seminars on the Nature and Meaning of Values Maurice E. Troyer, Syracuse University Yasuyuki Owada, Johnston College (Redlands) Kazuo Hara, International Christian University (Japan) Takashi Fujimoto, Hokkaido University (Japan) Keiji Fujita, National Institute of Educational Research (Japan) During the first half of the twentieth century, stances of physical and social scientists and of logical analysts in the humanities permitted only incidental or tangential attention to values among objectives or consequences of education. To paraphrase Bettelheim: most skills and knowledge learned in college "can be used to shape a beautiful cathedral or to crush a skull". During the past two decades there has been a growing conviction that we can no longer abdicate responsibility for helping students to clarify, test and temper emerging value patterns that energize and give direction to individual and group behavior, be they in cognitive or affective domains. This paper reports a direct approach to the study of values. Three one unit courses on the Nature and Meaning of Values, as part of the required program in general education, were conducted with first term freshmen, third term sophomores and second term seniors at the International. Christian University in Japan. Purposes: a) Tb provide opportunities for students, individually and collectively, to identify the substance, range and focus of their value pattern; b) to examine them against prevailing and emerging politico-economic, religious-ethical and sece1ge ideologies; and c) to clarify, test and reshape their value patterns through group discussion and individual analyses. Processes: Three inventories were used: a) 1.3 Secular Ways of Living (SWs)1; b) 6 Dolitico-rIconomic Ways of Living (PEWs)2 and c) 9 Religious-Ethical Ways (REWs)2;3 Each "Way", stated in a paragraph of 140-160 words, was a value pattern -a group of related beliefs with a focus. Each Way of each inventory was first rated on a seven point scale k.on rankea within each inventory from the Way closest to the student's stance to that farthest from or most in conflict kith his stance. Response to :inventories during the first three weeks of each term were summarized in graphic form so students could receive profiles of group responses to each way. Their own responses plotted on these profiles provided bases for individual analysis and group discussion in small seminars. An extensive bibliography of available references covering a wide range of ideologies was prepared and continually expanded and up-dated. Source of Data: Data reported in this paper are from responses of 3 freshmen classes (N=467), 2 sophomore classes (Ne392) and 1 senior class (N=100). Data are longitudinal to the extent that freshmen data include responses of sophomores and seniors when they were freshmen and similarly for the sophomore data. Five other inventories and some situational tests were used, and individual change from pattern analyses are being made. But this report is limited to changes in inters correlation between value patterns from freshmen to senior years on the SWs, REVs and the PEWs. 1. Morris, Chas. Varieties of Hureen Values. University of Chicago Press, 1956, p. 208. 2. Developed by the ICU Values Studies staff with the help of widely representative interdisciplinary committees. 3. Sec Appendix Bfbr inventories. Freshmen Sophomores Seniors Within 9 Religious-Ethical Ways (N=476) 8 (N=392) 9 (Ne100) 10 " 6 Politico-Economic Ways 01 17 2 } 25 2123 " 13 Secular Ways 9 14 16 Across SWs and Pals 0 6 12 " SWs and RE1s 4 4 14 24 19 3 8 e PE'ls and REJs 0. 4 7 Total 21 49 66 Results: Table I. Number of Significant Interccrrelations Between Ways Within and Across Inventories. For intercorrelation tables 1, 2 and 3 for freshmen, sonhomores and seniors see Appendix A. Table I above shows that there were 21 significant intercorrelations between the 28 Ways for first term freshmen, 49 for third terra sophomores and 66 for second term seniors. More significant intercorrelations emerged across (4-33) secular and religious, secular and political and religious and political than from within (17-23) secular, religious and political value patterns. Quantitatively, this represents substantial potential of the successive seminars on the Nature and Meaning of Values to clarify personal value constructs, decomrartmenfellize value meaning and increase value relevance within and across types of values. Extensive substaInnive changes are illustrated in the following comparisons: (From Tables 1-3 in Appendix A) Freshmen responses revealed no significant intercorrelations between PEW 2 Controlled Capitalism and any of the 27 other value construct. Senior responses however showed PEW 2 Controlled Canitalism to be significantly correlated with REV 7 Scholastic Aetheism -.33; REW 8 Reconcilability of Religion and Scholarship .27; PEW 1 National Fascism -.27; PEW 4 Politico-economic Pragmatism .36; SU 1 Preserve the Best .60; sj 3 Symrathetic Concern .23; and SW 12 Chance Adventure .41." Examined in the light of content analysis (a dissertation in process) of each Way there is nnderstandable rationale for the relevance thus revealed. Implications of the Study: 1. In a small institution where 90% of the students come from the upper 1M of those who go to college, it would be difficult if not impossible to run a controlled experience on change due to seminars on the Nature and Meaning of Values. There were numerous reports of discussion in other courses prompted by the Values Seminars. Freshmen in their English larkrege final examination in the Division of languages were asked to describe the most surprising and stimulating experience they had at ICU. Most frequemAy mentioned (by 25:) was the seminars on the Nature and Meaning of Values. 2. Failure to develop significant intercorrelations between PEW 3 Theoretical Marxism and PEW 5 Socialism and other value constructs probably reveals a void in emphasis and/or resourcefulness in the Seminars and in the University. 3. The Nature and Meaning of Values was approved by the faculty as part of the required general education program. This was a mistake, though not serious until a campus struggle with political overtones brought criticism. Experience argues against values study with a captive audience. An elective seminar seems not only feasible but potentially beneficial. 4. Competent, confident, resourceful staff members are crucial. A tom,a eher knowledgeable wide spectrum of values who can maintain visibly and validly the stance: "I'm biased. I'm not going to try to conceal my bias. You are biased. You don't need to conceal yours. We will challenge what we believe to be each other's biases. But we must not challenge each other's right to be his stance. If your values deviates from the norm, it doesn't mean they are wrong. Most of the men who made history were probably deviates." 5. Weekly staff meetings with a sounding board committee of students is necessary to evaluate, examine inventory data and plan for seminar discussions and to maintain fluidity and spontaneity. R E W P E W SECULAR WAYS Bud. as Self 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 Disc. .38 .29 2 Shintoism .33 .2 3 Christ. Way of Life 4 Confucism 7 .68 :44 .40 .33 5 Syncretism (Hindu) 6 Christ. Salt'. 7 Schol. Atheism .40 :37 .32 .29 8 Reconcilability: Sci.+ Rel. 9 Bud. as Salv. 1 Rational Facism 2 Controlled Capitalism 3 Teor. Marxism 4 PolEcon. Pragmatism 5 Socialism 6 Rupmed Ind. 1 Preserve Best 2 Cultiv. Indep. 3 Sympath. Concern 4 Festiv. + Solit. in Alter .25 .27 .50 :25 5 Enjoy Soc. Life 6 Master Chang. Cond. 7 Int. Act, Enjoy, Contem. 8 Wholes, Carefree Enjoy 9 Wait Quiet Recept. 10 Control Self. Stoic. .26 .25 .29 .27 .27 11 Meditate Inner Life 12 Chance Adventure 13 Obey Cosmic PUrpose APPENDIX A TABLE 1--INTERCORRELATIONS OF VALUE PATTERNS: 3FIRST-TERM FRESHMEN CLASSES (N-467) 1 9 Nino Religious-Ethical Ways of Living 1 6 Six Politico-Economic Ways of Living 1 13 Thirteen Secular Ways of Living


Phosphate is a common chemical element that resides extensively in the Earth's crust, and its presence in water results in eutrophication of water. Therefore, many studies were devoted to study the ability of phosphate removal from water and wastewater using different treatment methods. Recent studies have suggested that filtration treatment techniques are effective for phosphate removal with one disadvantage which is the high cost of industrial filtration materials used. As a result, recent studies are concentrating on minimizing the operational costs of the filtration method by using cost-effective alternatives. This study is focusing on the efficiency of using the wastes of the iron industry (furnaces bottom ashes (FBAs)) for phosphates elimination from synthetic water. Several operational conditions which are detention times, FBAs doses, and phosphate concentrations, were studied to obtain the best conditions which ensure the best possible removal rate and a reasonable operational cost. The results indicated that FBAs are an efficient alternative for phosphate removal with an optimum removal rate of 88.9% with 31 min retention time, phosphate concentration of 5 mg/L, and 550 mg/L FBAs doses. The results obtained were used to construct a model with high reliability at R2 = 0.967.


In this paper, the expansion of feature points of the linear scale space is transformed into the classification of multi-scale data set within the same scale, which belongs to the classification of scale invariant non-equilibrium .The paper presents a sample approach based on kernel learning to solve classification on imbalance dataset by Support Vector Machine (SVM). The method first preprocesses the data by oversampling the minority class in kernel space, and then the pre-images of the synthetic samples are found based on a distance relation between kernel space and input space. Finally, these pre-images are appended to the original dataset to train a SVM. As a result, the inconsistency which is brought about by processing samples in different spaces is overcome. On the other hand, the sampling strategies of the method not only can decrease imbalanced rate of training dataset, but also can enlarge convex hull of the minority class. Consequently, the problem of the boundary skew can be amended more effectively. Experiments on real dataset indicate that the generalization performance of the result classifier is improved and the algorithm can work well on expanding the feature points stably for a certain scale .


Schilling et al. (1) recently demonstrated that aspirin pretreatment of the recipient improved renal function in dog kidneys preserved for 5 days by continuous machine perfusion. Without aspirin pretreatment, posttransplant serum creatinines were elevated and there were 4 of 6 survivors. With aspirin, posttransplant serum creatinines were significantly lower and there were 6 of 6 survivors. Although it was unclear from this study how aspirin pretreatment of the recipient was beneficial, it was suggested that the inhibition of platelet aggregation by aspirin suppressed microvascular coagulation. Platelet aggregation was thought to result from perfusion preservation-induced injury to the vascular endothelium.


The flow of plasma inside the Sun The activity of the Sun, including the occurrence of sunspots, is driven by magnetic fields that originate from the motion of charged plasma beneath the surface. Helioseismology uses acoustic oscillations to probe the Sun's interior, analogous to seismology's use of earthquakes to investigate Earth's interior. Gizon et al. analyzed helioseismology data from 1996 to 2019, covering two 11-year solar cycles. They measured the latitudinal and radial flow of plasma as a function of depth within the Sun and how it varies with time. The results support magnetic flux-transport dynamo models, which can explain the distribution of sunspots over each solar cycle. Science, this issue p. 1469 Helioseismology is used to measure the bulk flow of plasma within the Sun and how it varies with depth. The Sun's magnetic field is generated by subsurface motions of the convecting plasma. The latitude at which the magnetic field emerges through the solar surface (as sunspots) drifts toward the equator over the course of the 11-year solar cycle. We use helioseismology to infer the meridional flow (in the latitudinal and radial directions) over two solar cycles covering 1996–2019. Two data sources are used, which agree during their overlap period of 2001–2011. The time-averaged meridional flow is shown to be a single cell in each hemisphere, carrying plasma toward the equator at the base of the convection zone with a speed of ~4 meters per second at 45° latitude. Our results support the flux-transport dynamo model, which explains the drift of sunspot-emergence latitudes through the meridional flow.


This research is experimental to analyze the description and differences in the average results of physics learning in groups taught by the cooperative learning model of the TAI, STAD, and TGT types of class X MIPA students at SMA Negeri 3 Makassar. The population in this study were all students in class X MIPA SMA Negeri 3 Makassar as many as 6 classes, the sample was class X MIPA 1 taught the TAI cooperative learning model, class X MIPA 5 taught the STAD type cooperative learning model, and class X MIPA 6 is taught using the TGT cooperative learning model. The instrument in this study was a physics learning achievement test with multiple choice objective questions of 15 items on work and energy, momentum and impulse, and simple harmonic vibrations. The data analysis technique using One Way Analysis Of Variance. Based on the results of the study, (1) the physics learning outcomes using the TAI type cooperative learning model were in the very high category, the STAD and TGT types were in the high category, (2) there was a significant difference in the mean physics learning outcomes between the groups being taught TAI, STAD, and TGT type cooperative learning models (3) the physics learning outcomes of the group taught the TAI type cooperative learning model were significantly higher than the group taught the STAD type cooperative learning model, (4) the group physics learning outcomes that were those taught the TAI cooperative learning model were significantly higher than the group taught the TGT cooperative learning model, (5) the physics learning outcomes of the group taught the STAD type cooperative learning model was significantly higher than the group taught the cooperative learning model type TGT.Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Cooperative learning model types TAI, STAD and TGT.


Published papers and standards (e.g., IEC 61000-4-5, IEC 61000-4-4) suggest that transients on the mains system often exceed 2 kV in amplitude. During a number of incident investigations involving machinery, one of the authors had monitored the level of transients on the mains wiring. The levels that were measured were far lower than was anticipated from published data and an explanation was sought. All of the monitoring described in this paper was carried out using a Sontay three-phase disturbance monitor type LM21. Data were recorded using a Psion 3 personal organizer. The sites monitored are briefly outlined and the results are discussed.


New Zealand World War I soldiers marching over the Hohenzollern Bridge in Cologne, Germany, circa 1918. Photograph taken by Henry Armytage Sanders.
A print from this negative is held in album PA1-f-092
Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom left: H1223
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Dry plate glass negative 4 x 5 inches


It is demonstrated how various prog- nostic measures can be calculated based on the proportional hazards model for survival data. In particular, estimates for the t-year survival probabil- ity and the median survival time are presented together with estimated standard errors. The methods are used in a randomized study of the survival with liver cirrhosis.


PURPOSE: A wind power generation apparatus is provided to prevent a safety accident by maintaining and repairing a wind power generation facility on a bottom surface or a lower place, since the wind power generation apparatus is equipped with a tower which is buckled and which supports the power generation facility. CONSTITUTION: A wind power generation apparatus comprises a case (100), a power generation unit, and a tower (300). The tower includes a first support fixture (310) which is fixed on a bottom surface; a second support fixture (320) which is connected to the case; and a hinge unit (330) which rotates the second support fixture toward the first support. The hinge unit includes a lower side hinge bracket (332), an upper side hinge bracket (334), a hinge pin (336), and an operation member (338). The upper side hinge bracket is provided along the edge of the lower side of the second support fixture to be overlapped on the lower side hinge bracket. The hinge pin is inserted into an overlapped area of the upper and the lower side hinge bracket. The operation member moves back and forth to forcibly rotate the second support fixture by having one side which is connected to the first support fixture, and the other side which is connected to the upper side hinge bracket or to the second support fixture. The first support fixture is formed to have a lower side flange (312) to increase a supporting area of the second support fixture. The second support fixture forms an upper side flange (322) which is set up to be face-contacted with the lower side flange.


The article provides analysis of the study of diagnostic value of the epithelial lesions of the column – a combination of newest visualization methods as NBI and ZOOM with confocal laser endomicroscopy. The study was conducted in 202 patients aged 40–84, 47 lesions were identified. Results of preparation of the colon to the study by drugs Phospho-Soda and Macrogol were evaluated. The obtained results allow making a conclusion that use of CLEM allows determining the structure of the polyp in the real time regime (in vivo) and increases the diagnostic accuracy of the study up to 96.5%, and quality of preparation of the colon has the decisive meaning.


Bremsstrahlung emission from interactions of short ultra-intense laser pulses with solid foils is studied using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. A module for simulating bremsstrahlung has been implemented in the PIC loop to self-consistently account for the dynamics of the laser–plasma interaction, plasma expansion, and the emission of gamma ray photons. This module made it possible to study emission from thin targets, where refluxing of hot electrons plays an important role. It is shown that the angular distribution of the emitted photons exhibits a four-directional structure with the angle of emission decreasing with the increase of the width of the target. Additionally, a collimated forward flash consisting of high energy photons has been identified in thin targets. The conversion efficiency of the energy of the laser pulse to the energy of the gamma rays rises with both the driving pulse intensity, and the thickness of the target. The amount of gamma rays also increases with the atomic number of the target material, despite a lower absorption of the driving laser pulse. The angular spectrum of the emitted gamma rays is directly related to the increase of hot electron divergence during their refluxing and its measurement can be used in experiments to study this process.


It is commonplace that the roles of labor organizations and of collective bargaining in developing countries raise political and economic problems of peculiar difficulty. One legislative experiment for dealing with some of these problems is Singapore's Industrial Relations Court, the subject of this article. The industrial relations system of which that court is a part combines collective bargaining and compulsory arbitration in fairly unusual fashion. This combination is here described, as are the interrelationships of the court with unions, employers, and the executive branch of government, and also interrelationships of judicial procedures and economic issues. (Author's abstract courtesy EBSCO.)


This article provides recommendations for the university to provide understanding and skills on the use of innovative technologies in the "Education of competence of future teachers of computer science." Based on these recommendations, the role of information technology in educating the competence of a future computer science teacher is highlighted.


This chapter discusses the items of private international law of foreign judgments covered in part by a number of European regulations and other instruments prior to Exit Day. These are the Brussels I Regulation 44/2001 and the recast Brussels I Regulation 1215/2012; the 1988 Lugano Convention and the 2007 Lugano II Convention; the 1968 Brussels Convention as amended from time to time; and a number of minor Regulations such as the European Enforcement Order Regulation 805/2004. According to the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, SI 2019 No 479, on Exit Day these instruments are revoked or, in the case of the Conventions given effect by the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982, as amended, repealed. The gap will be filled by the rules of the common law, or by the provisions of a bilateral Convention made under the Foreign Judgements (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933 (or in the case of Cyprus and Malta, presumably by registration under the Administration of Justice Act 1920).


Aiming at the detecting and tracking of the moving dim target with low SNR, this paper puts forward a new arithmetic of tracking before detecting based on particle filter (TBD-PF). The arithmetic proceeds background suppression with mathematical morphology filter firstly, and then estimates the state of the target using the arithmetic of particle filter. A threshold value is set when sampling newborn particles in the processing of tracking, and it not only improves the quality of particles but also reduces computation cost. The method of the hypothetic test of likelihood ratio is used to decide whether the target exists in the processing of detection. Finally, we obtain the track and detecting probability of the target. The excellent detecting capability and tracking precision of this presented arithmetic are well verified by the results of the simulation which utilizes the realistic infrared images with different SNR.


In this rejoinder, special attentions are paid to error covariances and specific factors in the comparison between SEM and traditional methods. When a factor analysis model receives a poor fit, it does not make sense to simply remove important variables although inconsistent with the factor analysis model, as pointed out by the discussants. It is to be emphasized that a better way than removing the variables is to allow for error covariances, in order to overcome the inconsistency problem. The model with error covariances guarantees the invariance of estimation results over item selection.The discussants pointed out that an important difference between a scale score (sum of items) and a measurement model by effect indicators in SEM is that a scale score includes specific factors whereas a measurement model excludes them. Practitioners could use scale scores when they are interested in effects of specific factors as well as a common factor. It is argued, however, that appropriate use of error terms and a common factor in SEM can make better inference than the use of unidimensional scale scores, because the error terms of effect indicators contain information on specific factors and they can individually evaluate the effects of the common factor and the specific factors in SEM.Other related topics are also discussed.


A new immunoperoxidase staining technique of high specificity (the labelled antigen method) has been used for the detection of serum proteins in the epithelium of human skin and mucous membranes. The majority of specimens contain cells showing strong diffuse intracellular staining. These cells usually lie in the upper mid‐zone of the epithelium and are often characterized by vacuolated or pyknotic nuclei. Double immunoenzymatic labelling (using alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase) showed that the different proteins are usually present in the same cells. A less frequent pattern of staining took the form of delicate strands of intercellular IgG.


Objective To investigate the presence of M2 antibodies sepecific to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in Chinese symptomatic population and identified patients in the early stage of disease. Methods A triple hybrid clone, designated as BPO was designed, which coexpresses the three immunodominant lipoyl domains of PDC-E2, BCOADC-E2 and OGDC-E2 from human sources and established the specific immunological methods with purified BPO to detect the M2 antibodies. ELISA were performed in 5 011 persons who took an annual physical examines. Full biochemical and immunological data were obtained from M2-positive persons. In addition, ultrasonography (US) or endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) were required to exclude any disorders other than PBC. Results M2 antibodies were detected in 8 (0.16%) of the 5 011 subjects studied. Of the 8 subjects, 7 were female and 1 was male. An unexplained increase of serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase values was detected in 4 M2-positive subjects, 3 of which fulfilled the diagnostic criteria voted by the American association for the study of liver diseases, even they had no symptoms of PBC (such as fatigue, pruritus or jaundice). Liver biopsy was performed in two M2-positive subjects. The histology was compatible with PBC in both cases. Conclusion Symptomless PBC is much more common in China than that has been supposed.


Reclamation specialists have been researching and planning reclamation for over 20 years in the West, but have they been facilitating postmining land use development? An economic evaluation of a premining ranching operation compared to a reclaimed area ranching operation shows that a postmining rancher can make a living, providing all of the necessary postmining features are included in the design. Current reclamation planning needs to focus on the economics of ranching. Pasturelands, water sources, roads, and related features must be included in the reclamation plan. If vegetation and wildlife are the only focus of reclamation planning, the land will be less economically viable; therefore, the reclaimed land will not support the postmining land uses that are currently envisioned. A tenyear cash flow analysis of three cases was conducted. Case 1 assumed premining land conditions. Case 2 assumed currently permitted and encouraged reclamation practices in Wyoming, which focus on wildlife habitat over postmining agricultural use. Case 3 provided agricultural improvements to the Case 2 reclamation plan, by increasing the acreage of reclaimed pasturelands and reconstructing agricultural water source distribution. Analysis of the cases revealed a net present value of $61/acre, $39/acre, and $89/acre respectively for the three cases. Thus focusing reclamation planning on wildlife features is economically worse than the premining situation. However, reclamation planning focused on the agricultural postmining land use can be achieved and yield better financial results than premining, while still providing wildlife habitat. Additional


The accurate identification of the water layer condition of paddy fields is a prerequisite for precise water management of paddy fields, which is important for the water-saving irrigation of rice. Until now, the study of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing data to monitor the moisture condition of field crops has mostly focused on dry crops, and research on the water status of paddy fields has been relatively limited. In this study, visible and thermal infrared images of paddy fields at key growth stages were acquired using a UAV remote sensing platform, and three model input variables were constructed by extracting the color features and temperature features of each field, while K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR) analysis methods were applied to establish a model for identifying the water layer presence in paddy fields. The results showed that KNN, SVM, and RF performed well in recognizing the presence of water layers in paddy fields; KNN had the best recognition accuracy (89.29%) via algorithm comparison and parameter preference. In terms of model input variables, using multisource remote sensing data led to better results than using thermal or visible images alone, and thermal data was more effective than visible data for identifying the water layer status of rice fields. This study provides a new paradigm for monitoring the water status of rice fields, which will be key to the precision irrigation of paddy fields in large regions in the future.


This work addresses the challenge in providing reliable communication in mobile networks with intermittent, on/off links through the use of a routing overlay designed to deal with these channel impairments. Link blockage is a predominant feature of mobile networks operating at 10+ GHz frequencies, and current techniques are ill-suited to address this problem. We present an approach comprised of multiple-path routing with end-to-end coding, queue-length-based congestion control, and a negative acknowledgement (NACK) loss-recovery scheme; these are implemented in an IP-overlay. The demonstrated scenario consists of two clusters of mobile ground vehicles operating in an ``urban canyon'' environment. Blockage occurs on satellite links connecting the clusters. Through the use of interactive displays, demo participants gain an understanding of routing behavior.


This paper proposes an orientation measurement method of a novel permanent magnet spherical actuator with 3D magnet array based on several hall sensors. This measurement method could avoid additional inertial moment and friction, as there is no contact between the measurement system and the rotor. And the accuracy of Hall sensors could be enhanced by the higher flux density produced by the 3D magnet array. A novel distribution of Hall sensors is proposed in this paper. Compared with the magnetic field model formulated analytically, the rotor orientation could be derived from the measured value of flux density by these Hall sensors. Numerical computation is utilized to validate the accuracy of the analytical equations between the orientation of rotor and the measured value of Hall sensors. Also the numerical computation shows that the accuracy of the orientation measurement method is influenced by the 3D magnet array. These researches could be used for subsequent control implementation of the novel permanent magnet spherical actuator.


Introduction: The diagonal earlobe crease, described in 1973 by Frank, is controversial in the literature when associated with coronary disease and its severity. If this relationship is proven, it will help in the early diagnosis, reducing the incidence of heart attack in the population. Objective: To correlate the severity of coronary artery disease and Frank's signal. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 134 patients from the Catarina Heart Study, a prospective cohort performed at the Cardiology Institute of Santa Catarina between August 2016 and January 2017. Hospitalized patients were interviewed through a questionnaire after their first heart attack. The statistical analysis was done through the Chi-square test and Student Test, considering of significance values of p < 0.05, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Of the patients analyzed, 56,7% had the Frank's sign. The mean age was 59,13±11,54, body mass index 27,51±5,1, hypertension 61,9%, diabetes 23,1%, dyslipidemia 36,6%, family history 44,0% and most of them were male (66,4%). The resuts of Syntax score, FEVE e TIMI frame count were, respectively, 12,34±8,98, 50,29±14,56 e 34,49±32,07. The patients that had the sign, most of them were male (55,7% vs 44,3%, p=0,634), had hypertension (55,4% vs 44,6%, p=0,605) and less than half were diabetic (48,4% vs 51,6%, p=0,261). Dyslipdemic were just over half (51,0% vs 49,0%, p=0,276), similar to whom had family history (52,5% vs 47,5%, p=0,338). Body mass index and age were, respectively, 27,00±4 vs 28,22±5,97, p=0,198 e 61,25±9,56 vs 55,99±13,08, p=0,012. O The Syntax Score was 13,22±9,31 vs 10,96±8,43 p=0,161, FEVE 52,24±13,88 vs 47,84±15,40, p=0,162 and TIMI Frame Count 33,03±31,38 vs 35,47±34,48, p=0,808. Conclusion: There was no demonstrated association between severity of coronary disease and Frank's sign. However, had we a bigger sample of patients, likely we would have had more conclusive results.


A dynamic controller is presented for rest-to-rest flexible spacecraft attitude maneuver with the active vibration suppression. On the basis of the Lagrangian approach and quaternion parameterization, the nonlinear model of the flexible spacecraft is obtained. This controller does not need the knowledge of modal variables and spacecraft angular velocity. The unavailable measurements of these variables are compensated by appropriate dynamics of the controller, which supplies their estimates. The Lyapunov technique is applied to design this dynamic controller, that ensures the stability of the system. Possible source of instability of the controlled system in real cases are the influence of the flexibility on the rigid motion and the presence of disturbances acting on the structure. In order to attenuate their effects and to damp out the undesirable vibrations affecting the spacecraft attitude, distributed piezoelectric actuators are employed. The simulation results reveal the interest and the practical feasibility of such a control scheme.


High concentrations of ground-level ozone have been observed during wintertime in the Uinta Basin of western Utah, USA, beginning in 2010. We analyze existing ozone and ozone precursor concentration data from 38 sites over 11 winter seasons and conclude that there has been a statistically significant (p < 0.02) decline in ozone concentration over the previous decade. Daily exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone (70 ppb) have been trending downward at the rate of nearly four per year. Ozone and NOx concentrations have been trending downward at the rates of about 3 and 0.3 ppb per year, respectively. Concentrations of organics in 2018 were at about 30% of their values in 2012 or 2013. Several markers, annual ozone exceedance counts and median ozone and NOx concentrations, were at their largest values in the period 2010 to 2013 and have never recovered since then. We attribute the decline to (1) weakening global demand for oil and natural gas and (2) more stringent pollution regulations and controls, both of which have occurred over the previous decade. We also see evidence of ozone titration when snow cover is absent.


SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSEvidenceis produced that electrical alternans or a less regular fluctuation of voltage not due to respiration is sufficiently common to be of diagnostic value in pericardial effusion. Simultaneous alternation of auricular andventricular complexes has so far only beenobserved in cases with pericardial effusion andthis association would appear to be unique. It is suggested that the explanation for the fluctuations in voltage (regular or irregular) sometimes observed in cases of pericardial effusionis duetomovementof theheart within the fluid filled pericardial sac, and some evi-denceis produced in support ofthis hypothesis. SUMMARIO E CONCLUSIONES IN INTERLINGUA Es presentate datos demonstrante que alter-nantia electric (o voltofluctuationes minus regular) que non es causate per respiration occurre satis frequentemente pro esser devalor diagnostic in effusion pericardiac. Alternation simultanee in le complexes au- ricular e ventricular ha usque nunc essite observate exclusivemente


There was an error in the equal contributions designation. Li Z. Luo and Stephanie L. Nay contributed equally to this work.


We found 3 nests of Vinaceous Rosefinch(Carpodacus vinaceus) at Lianhuashan Nature Reserve between June and August 2012.The bowl shaped nests were located in small spruce trees(Picea asperata)and shrubs,about 1.5-1.9 m above ground.Egg size was 21.06±0.59 mm × 14.81±0.26 mm,with an average fresh weight of 2.32±0.08 g(n =6).Only female incubated and both parents cared the young.The incubation and nestling period lasted about 14 and 13 days respectively.


According to Schilder, the main objective of endodontic treatment procedures should be the cleaning and filling of the root canal in its entire extent, including all lateral canals and apical ramifications. It is very difficult to instrument and to irrigate lateral canals during endodontic therapy. Tissue left in these canals may allow for bacterial growth. Barthel et al. showed no correlation between unfilled lateral canals and inflammation of the periodontal ligament. However, other studies demonstrated potential pathogenicity after healing of peri-radicular lesions in relation to filling of lateral canals after root canal treatment. It has also been speculated that lateral canals harboring inflamed and/or infected material might cause pain during endodontic treatment.


The stiffness in various directions of air springs have a great influence on the stability of high-speed trains. Due to the change in the bogie structure, the required functions of the air springs have also diversified, and the damping of various loading modes such as vertical, lateral, and torsional movements is emerging as important. The stiffnesses are affected by the shape of the air bag, the material, and the ply angles. In this paper, the relationship between the ply angle and the radial position is proposed by equations from deformation modes. The variable angles in the plies were compared and demonstrated in air-spring analysis using the rebar elements. The vertical, lateral, and torsional stiffness of air springs without auxiliary springs were compared between constant ply angles and variable ply angles with respect to the positions. When mainly dealing with the vertical stiffness, the effect of the angle variation was small; however, it was found that it had a large effect of more than 24% and 30% on the stiffness in the lateral direction and torsional direction, respectively.


ABSTRACT In November 2010, Myanmar1 began a process of significant democratic reform ending a half century of authoritarian rule by military junta. Rural education, having long suffered from a lack of qualified teachers in poorly equipped, overcrowded schools, has received little attention from empirical scholarship aimed at informing policymakers. This article pilots a direct survey of university students entering into the teaching profession, producing clear priorities to support teachers, especially in rural areas. Survey data were gathered at the Yangon University of Education using an improved conjoint analysis. Survey attributes were completely and independently randomised then analysed by ordinary least squares regression and the Sarafidis and Weber partitional-clustered regression with unobserved fixed effects. Out of many competing priorities, the analysis reveals that secure housing is at the highest priority for respondents, with secondary and tertiary preferences varying based on group clusters. This study aims to inform teacher placement policy by demonstrating methodologically how observed and unobserved characteristics of the respondents and the teaching environment influence teacher retention. Given the present challenges facing teachers in rural areas, better meeting the preferences of teachers can have long-term educational benefits for children in these areas.


The world we live in is full of fascinating perspectives. One perspective that is rarely heard of or researched is a phenomenon called synaesthesia. Those possessing this unique capability experience an overlap of the senses, usually through sight and sound, but sometimes through touch and taste as well. This ability is unusual, affecting only one in two thousand people (Sacks, 2007). Despite its rarity, synaesthesia offers fresh perspectives in terms of how humans approach and interact with written and spoken language, sounds, tastes, and emotions. Most of the research to date has focused on synaesthesia as it relates to sound, specifically music. The research and analysis conducted within this project broadens the range of what is known about synaesthesia through general research and interviews with synaesthetes. The findings provide an opportunity to enrich personal experiences through the perspectives of synaesthetes.


In response to the recent discussion on xdr typhoid in Pakistan1, we would like to bring attention towards critical genotypic evolution in Salmonella Typhi strains from Pakistan which would be of interest to healthcare community.….


Artificial Intelligence in healthcare is a new and exciting frontier and the possibilities are endless. With deep learning approaches beating human performances in many areas, the logical next step is to attempt their application in the health space. For these and other Machine Learning approaches to produce good results and have their potential realized, the need for, and importance of, large amounts of accurate data is second to none. This is a challenge faced by many industries and more so in the healthcare space. We present an approach of using Variational Autoencoders (VAE's) as an approach to generating more data for training deeper networks, as well as uncovering underlying patterns in diagnoses and the patients suffering from them. By training a VAE, on available data, it was able to learn the latent distribution of the patient features given the diagnosis. It is then possible, after training, to sample from the learnt latent distribution to generate new accurate patient records given the patient diagnosis.


The measured multipath profiles from five different indoor areas are used for the performance analysis of a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modem with a decision feedback equalizer (DFE). The performance from the measured multipath profiles is compared with the performance predictions based on a computer simulated channel model. Both average probability of error and probability of outage are calculated for a DFE with three fractionally spaced forward and three feedback taps. An equivalent delay power spectrum function, determined from the ensemble of the measured channel impulse responses, is defined. Using this function, analytical lower bounds on the average probability of error and the probability of outage of the BPSK/DFE modem with an infinite number of feedback taps and three forward taps are determined and compared with the results based on measured data and the computer generated channel impulse responses. >


BACKGROUND
Mandible fractures can result in esthetic, functional and financial problems and their epidemiological patterns have changed in many locations. This study was carried out to detect these changes, aiming to compare data of patients with mandible fractures treated at the Sao Paulo Hospital (UNIFESP-EPM) from June 1999 to March 2002 with data of patients treated from January 1991 to March 1996.

METHODS
Information on most affected gender and age, most often fractured mandible segment, associated injuries, treatment and complications of 98 victims of mandible fracture admitted from June 1999 to March 2002 were compared to the same data of 166 patients treated from January 1991 to March 1996.

RESULTS
the most affected gender and age ranges remain the same. Aggressions surpassed traffic accidents as the main etiology. Incidence of associated injuries and multiple fractures in the mandible decreased, a fact probably related to the change in etiology. The most affected segment is still the body of the mandible. The most used type of treatment in both samples was internal rigid fixation with miniplates and the number of complications decreased, due to the higher standard of patient care.

CONCLUSION
Mandible fractures in the São Paulo population have undergone epidemiological changes and this knowledge enables local authorities to establish adequate measures for prevention and treatment.


The allelopathic effect of water extracts from fresh roots, stems and leaves of scentless mayweed (Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) C.H. Schultz) and field poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) on germination and initial development of winter wheat and winter barley was studied under laboratory conditions. Results showed that all water extracts significantly reduced germination of wheat and barley. The highest reduction was observed with leaf extract of T. inodorum and was 97.3% and 66.8% for wheat and barley, respectively. Weed extracts showed depressive effect on root and shoot length and fresh weight of test plants. Maximum reduction of root and shoot length was recorded with T. inodorum leaf extract. Inhibitory effect was dependent on donor and recipient species and weed plant part. On average, T. inodorum extracts had higher inhibitory effect than P. rhoeas extract. When comparing weed plant parts, leaves were the most allelopathic, followed by stems and roots. Winter wheat showed greater sensitivity to weed extracts than winter barley.