Pollution is a man-made phenomenon. Some pollutants which discharged directly to the environment could create serious pollution problems. Untreated wastewater will cause contamination and even pollution on the water body. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is the amount of oxygen required for the oxidation by bacteria. The higher the BOD concentration, the greater the organic matter would be. The purpose of this study was to predict the value of BOD contained in wastewater. Mathematical modeling methods were chosen in this study to depict and predict the BOD values contained in facultative wastewater stabilization ponds. Measurements of sampling data were carried out to validate the model. The results of this study indicated that a mathematical approach can be applied to predict the BOD contained in the facultative wastewater stabilization ponds. The model was validated using Absolute Means Error with 10% tolerance limit, and AME for model was 7.38% (< 10%), so the model is valid. Furthermore, a mathematical approach can also be applied to illustrate and predict the contents of wastewater.


A pictorial field guide to the 30 species of sandfly most commonly encountered in Para State is presented, based on the easily recognised external characters of the length of the 5th palpal segment, thoracic infuscation, abdominal colour and head and body size. In most cases this allows identification to the species. In others, especially with females, it gives an indication of the species, which may then be confirmed with data from more detailed taxanomix studies. This type of field guide helps in teaching, rapid sorting of flies prior to dissection and in acquainting visitors with the variety of species present in a given area.A rapid technique for the taxonomic sorting of unmounted, freshly killed female sandflies is required, prior to the dissection of large numbers of a particular species. Such a method is useful in areas where numerous species occur in studies on natural flagellate infections, age determination and for ecological studies. With the above points in mind a pictorial field guide has been designed that enables the identification of unmounted, unmacerated specimens of the 30 more commonly encountered species of phleboto-mine sandflies (***) in Para State, North Brazil. It is based on the easily recognised external characters of the length of the 5th palpal segment, thoracic infuscation, ad-dominal colour and proboscis and body size.Taxonomy of male phlebotomine sandflies is based on the structure of the genitalia and, as most of this is external, a wholly external character key is readily made. Female taxonomy, however, is based on the internal character of the cibarium, pharynx and sperma thecae. In order to produce an external character key we therefore return to an unso phisticated "phlebotometry" (see Martins et al., 1978 p. 3 for review), using relative lengths of the proboscis, palpal segments and body, along with the degree of infuscation. Ihis idea is not new; indeed many sandfly specialists presently use external characters to separate certain species (H. Fraiha, R. P. Lane, P. D. Ready, D. G. Young and R. D. Ward personal communications 1983 & 1984).A key used to separate five anthropophillic sandflies by Biagi (1966), in Mexico, was based mainly on palpal segment length and infuscation. Floch and Abonnenc (1952) stressed the use of relative lengths of palpal segments in their keys to the sandflies of French Guiana, and four members of the shannoni group have been similarly separated according to the degree of infuscation by Morales et al. (1982). The use of thoracic infuscation as a reliable character seems to be gaining favour, having been used by young & Fairchild (1974) and Ready & Fraiha (1981). Indeed Chariotis 1974) showed the usefulness of thoracic infuscation to sepenate 7 anthropophillic species, during studies onvesicular stomatitis in Panama. Identification using external characters is essential for work on viral isolations from sandflies, where bulk samples of whole sandflies are used.Perhaps the major advantage of a simple visual guide is for teaching purposes. Technical staff in this lnstitute are able to identify most of the species they encounter without having to use the standard, more unwieldly (and in many cases unavailable) internal character keys, and the guides presented below have allowed rapid species sorting prior to the dissection of sandflies in our leismaniasis study areas (Ryan et at. ,1985).


Cave Meal is an end user support and android application consultation service. Here we propose a system that provides users with good quality home - made food and spacious rooms for their accommodation. To provide better client relationship management for these service providers. This system aims to build an environment where various users who need these basic service-help can consult service providers, tell them their requirements and discuss expenses. A facility where large quantity of food, different types of accommodations acquiring a huge area which is in minimal rent intended for individual services and consumption are routinely provided. "Cave Meal" provides an entire ecosystem aimed to help users have a quality lifestyle and solve day-to-day survival issues with help of our service-providers. The user can consult various service-providers to fulfil the basic requirements under one platform.
This project examines the aspects of the hospitality industry. In the 21st century the use of the internet, computers and other electronic devices have made handling different jobs and aspects of management very easy.


(a-linked) galactosylceramide, and it was shown that its action as an antigen arises by binding to a CD1d protein, followed by recognition of the complex by the semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) of natural killer T cells (iNKT cells). The resulting activation of NKT cells leads to a rapid release of both pro-inflammatory Th1 (e.g. IFN-g and IL-2) and anti-inflammatory Th2 (e.g. IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines. Unfortunately, the release of both types of cytokines limits the therapeutic potential of 1, as they antagonise each other's action. Disruption of the carefully controlled Th1/Th2 cytokine balance can cause disease, and therapeutic strategies aimed at a restoration of this balance by in vivo modulation of iNKT cells involving CD1d-restricted antigens that induce a more polarised cytokine response, could be very promising. Many analogues of KRN7000 modified at the various substructures have been synthesised and evaluated in murine (m) and human (h) systems. For example, it has been demonstrated that a shorter acyl chain (m, h), as well as introduction of unsaturations (m), results in Th2 polarisation. A shorter phytosphingosine chain gives a preferential Th2 response, 10] even when a terminal ring is introduced in a truncated sphingosine chain (h). 12a] Introduction of aromatic groups in the acyl chain generally results in a Th1 bias (m, h). Modifications in the galactose unit proved the essential role of the a-anomeric configuration (m), 13] and the 2-OH for activity (m, h), but revealed that modifications on the 3-, 4-, or 6-OH groups are allowed (m). 14d, 15] Interestingly, nonglycosidic (polyhydroxyalkyl) substituted ceramides have been shown to bind to CD1d and activate iNKT cells. The carbocyclic analogue of KRN7000 induces Th1-biased cytokine production (m), as is the case for the corresponding C-glycoside (a-C-GalCer) (m), and the phytosphingosine C1-nor-C-glycoside (m, h). Surprisingly, the corresponding a-S-GalCer analogue does not stimulate iNKT cells either in vitro or in vivo. Analogues with modifications in the phytosphingosine polar region have also been investigated. The 3-OH group proved to be more important than the 4-OH group for antigenic activity (m), 21] and the stereochemistry of the alcohols and amide substituents influence the activity (m). Other modifications in this region include conformationally restricted analogues featuring an azetidine ring (in which the amide nitrogen and C4 are linked), which show potent induction of cytokines with a slight Th2 bias (m), and a fluorinated analogue containing a 4-deoxy4,4-difluoro modification, which shows preferential Th1 induction (m). Finally, Kim and co-workers reported a set of analogues in which the amide group is replaced by a triazole moiety, with variable lengths of the attached lipid chain (m). It was found that selected analogues elicit a Th2-polarised cytokine response, with the long-chained analogues such as 2 having a stronger response. However, at present the relationship between glycolipid structure and cytokine polarisation is not completely understood. It has been postulated that the origin of cytokine polarisation could relate to the stability of the glycolipid complex with CD1d, 8b, 12a, 25] or to a difference in glycolipid-presenting cells. The matter is complicated given the two binding events involved. X-ray crystallographic studies have given some insight into these binding events. The crystal structure of human CD1d in complex with KRN7000 shows how the long aliphatic chains fit in 'binding grooves' present on CD1d. Importantly, it was also discovered that a series of hydrogen bonds between the galactosylceramide and CD1d serve to position the Figure 1. Structures of KRN7000 and an amide isostere analogue.


In Linear Programming Problem (LPP), Transportation Problem (TP) is an application which is used to optimize through the probability density function of statistical approach. The main objective of this paper is to reduce complexity in Maximization problem of LPP, by fulfilling the relation between the objective function and constraints with the largest value.  Here, we used non-negative integer and complex number of linear combination of form xmeλx. It has been decided with reasonably great probability, decision region, fundamental probabilities and Laplace Transform (LT).  To obtain proposed results we applied probability density function over transportation problem. According to our proposed method we implemented mathematical model through the probability density function of statistical tools. Categorically, probability density function is an approach in our proposed method to obtain the feasible solution of transportation problem, which perform better than the existing methods.


Rhodium(III) complexes containing a mesoionic and strongly electron-donating abnormal dicarbene ligand and a phosphine in a facial coordination mode and three ancillary iodide ligands undergo spontaneous solvolysis to give a cationic complex with an iodide in the outer coordination sphere. The availability of this non-coordinating iodide promotes a halide exchange reaction and in chlorinated solvents such as chlorocyclohexane, chloroethyl benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and benzyl chloride, the metal-coordinated iodo ligands exchange for chlorides. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the role of the metal is to release the iodide anion, rather than being directly involved in the C–Cl bond activation. The release of the iodide from the metal coordination sphere is promoted by the strong donor ability of the abnormal dicarbene ligand.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of aprotinin blood anesthesia in the radical excision of esophageal carcinoma. Methods A total of 90 patients with esophageal carcinoma undergoing radical excision were divided into two groups according to using aprotinin or not. Patients in experiment group (group A, 40 patients) were injected with 1 112 EPU aprotinin followed by constant pumped infusion of 278 EPU/h until 2 h after operation. Patients in the control group (group B, 50 patients) were treated with constant pumped infusion of 0.9% saline. The venous blood was collected for blood routine examination, thromboelastography(TEG) and normal coagulable function test at the following time points: before induction, at 2 h and 4 h after the beginning of operation, at the end of operation and at 12 h after operation. The changes of TEG and normal coagulable state were monitored during the whole surgical process. The intraoperative volume of hemorrhage, perioperative transfusion rate and average volume of transfusion in the two groups were compared. Results The preoperative coagulable state in experiment group was kept relatively stable during the operation. Volume of intraoperative hemorrhage, perioperative transfusion rate and average volume of blood transfusion in experiment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion Aprotinin blood anesthesia can stabilize the coagulable state, reduce the volumes and rates of hemorrhage and transfusion, and hence can find wide application in the radical excision of esophageal carcinoma.


Mycoplasma pneumonia is the pulmonary inflammatory disease easily occurs in young children, the main performance is intractable severe cough, severe cases can complicated by pleural effusion, pulmonary atelectasis, etc., and a few children had quickly progressed illness and even die[1,2]. Early positively controlling systemic inflammatory response and protecting important viscera function is the principle of clinical treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia, and azithromycin, as the second generation of macrolides medicine, is mainly used for the treatment of respiratory and reproductive tract infections, and has become the main antibiotic for treatment of children with mycoplasma pneumonia[3,4]. According to the latest research, azithromycin therapy alone can effectively inhibit the pathogenic bacteria, but some children still have complications of important viscera, so many scholars recommend other drugs in combination therapy. As a kind of antiasthmatic, terbutaline can excite β2 receptors and dilate bronchus, and helps to alleviate the clinical symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae and shorten the course of disease[5,6]. In this study, azithromycin and terbutaline were used together in the clinical treatment of children with mycoplasma pneumonia, and the roles were discussed from systemic infection, myocardial enzyme spectrum, liver function and other apects.


Recently, Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) is expected to be a new excellent material for repair and rehabilitation of civil infrastructure due to its benefit of sound mechanical properties, high corrosion resistant, and low cost. However, studies investigating RC beam externally strengthened with BFRP are still limited in the literature. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of BFRP strengthening on flexural performance of RC beam. Four RC beams with rectangular cross section were produced and strengthened using different BFRP reinforcement techniques and tested under four-point bending until failure. The failure mode, crack width, number of cracks, load-deflection response curves, and ductility of overall beam system were recorded and analyzed. Experimental results showed that the stiffness and the ultimate capacity of the strengthened beam were increased 8%-23% and 14%-30%, respectively, over the control beam. To predict load-carrying capacity and deflection of tested specimens, three-dimension finite element (FE) modeling was performed using ABAQUS software to simulate the behavior of the RC beam strengthened with FRP plates. Prediction with the FE model matched well with experimental results in terms of mid-span deflection and load-carrying capacity.


A display device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The display device includes a substrate, a semiconductor layer formed on the substrate, an organic insulating layer formed on the semiconductor layer, a plurality of conductive wires formed on the organic insulating layer. The organic insulating layer has an open groove that is formed between the conductive wires.


This paper presents in situ measurements of a newly developed current density measurement system for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). While the functional principle and technical evaluation of the measurement system were presented in a previous paper, this paper analyzes the influence of various operation parameters, including multiple start-stop operation, at the anode, cathode and cooling locations on the distribution and long-term development of the current density. The system was operated for 500 h over two years with long periods of inactivity between measurements. The measurement results are evaluated and provide additional information on how to optimize the operation modes of fuel cells, including the start and stop of such systems as well as the water balance.


In the science of criminal law the committed offence refers to not only the joint offence but the sole offence.For the latter in case suspect who committed unilateral offense intentionally in joint offence and also participated in the joint act the outsider(s) committed the recognition that the suspect who committed unilateral offence is regarded as a single one in joint offence is surely a logical conclusion unifying both the subjective and objective identities in the consitution of crime.In case the complex acts happended,such as rape in combination with robbery,the actor(s) who committed unilaterally the offence shall bear full responsibility jointly even though the actor(s) just participated in part of the offence.Identifying the unilaterally committed act as joint offence is beneficial to China's law theory of joint offence and will serve the social function to prevent crimes so as to restore rapidly the public order.


Even though nowadays religion is not considered as a decisive factor for economic development, its features of personal beliefs and institutions can be add-ins to economic success and sustain societal development. In the same time, religious beliefs may undermine or delay development. The literature specialized in investigating the relationship between religious beliefs and economic development is diverse. Religious individuals or institutions may be considered as agents of economic development, of financing, or innovation, of improving the quality of human resources and of promoting confidence among the population. Moreover, the religious persons and institutions may contribute to any incitement to violence, may restrict wealth accumulation and profit, and may oppose to society modernization as a matter of women's rights or by absorption of financial resources for a free market. From scientific perspective, economic development implies the existence of some determinants like the financial capital addition, the quality of human capital, an increased stock of social capital or free market guarantees. Thus, evidence from empirical, theoretical and historical research is used for a critical assessment in order to provide some assumptions, according to which religion is considered to be a complementary factor to economic development, but only to the extent where it does not promote the extremes.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii.METHODS A.baumannii was collected in our hospital from Jan 2003 to Dec 2006.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk-diffusion method.RESULTS A total of 548 A.baumannii were collected during 4 years.Of these isolates,130(23.7%) strains were from intensive care unit(ICU),190 strains(34.7%)from surgical,and others from medical and emergency departments.Most of strains(78.5%) were isolated from sputum,next from wound.The prevalence of A.baumannii was increasing during last 4 years.Results of susceptibility test showed that imipenem was the most active antibiotic against A.baumannii.The resistance rates were high to most antibiotics.Most of the resistant strains was from the ICU and the general ward differentand had significant difference.More than 50% of isolates were resistant to all antimicrobial agents tested except imipenem and ciprofloxacin in ICU.CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of A.baumannii is increasing.A.baumannii isolates show high resistance to multiple antibiotics,especially in ICU.


Three-dimensional mesoporous SBA-16 silica materials were functionalized with perfluorosulfonic acidic resin Nafion using an impregnation method. The intrinsic polarity of the SBA-16 surface was tuned by grafting ethoxytrimethylsilane on its surface. Characterized by N2-physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron micrographs (TEM), all the materials synthesized exhibited ordered three-dimensional Im3m mesoporous structure. Elemental analysis and water adsorption measured by an intelligent gravimetric analyzer (IGA) showed that trimethylsilane is grafted on the surface by capping the −OHs which enhance the hydrophobicity of SBA-16. Elemental analysis and potentiometric titration showed that Nafion resin was incorporated, revealing a three-dimensional mesoporous strong solid acid with a hydrophobic surface. The catalytic alkylation of isobutane/1-butene was thereafter evaluated on each material under specified conditions and compared with the one-dimensional Nafion/SBA-15 and commercia...


Using Alevi documents and Seljuk and Ottoman-era archival sources, chapter 2 tracks the various Sufi figures and sayyidfamilies who are purported to be spiritual and/or biological descendants of Abu'l-Wafaʾ and who thrived in Anatolia from the late twelfth century or early thirteenth until the mid-sixteenth century. It shows how, from the second half of the fifteenth century onward, most Wafaʾi offshoots in eastern Anatolia came to be assimilated under the common flag of Kizilbashism, gradually losing their group identities and order structures as they evolved into components of the Kizilbash/Alevi ocaksystem. This chapter also argues that the erosion of the Wafaʾi memory, to some extent a natural corollary of the incorporation of the Wafaʾi affiliates into the Safavid-led Kizilbash movement, also involved the conflation and blending of the Wafaʾi legacy with that of the Bektashi tradition as it was configured in the Bektashi hagiographic and oral tradition compiled at about the turn of the sixteenth century.


In this paper we use a global computable general equilibrium model to examine the economic effects of Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the Russian economy. We employ the comparative static GTAP model and the version 5.4 Data Base, modified to take account of increasing returns to scale in several vital sectors; including oil and gas extraction, ferrous and non ferrous metals industries, and motor vehicles.

We examine the impact of both complete elimination of tariffs and compare this with the more modest tariff reductions currently being proposed by Russia. The liberalization of services is also expected to be an important factor in Russia's negotiations. We therefore also examine the impact of services liberalization in communication and business and financial services sectors. The results indicate that in the short run changes in Russia's aggregate welfare are quite small -- however there are considerable structural implications resulting from trade and services liberalization. Expansions are expected in investment, the services sectors, motor vehicles and construction, while output of Russia's traditional export commodities declines. These implications are found to be sensitive to the extent to which trade is liberalized and whether entry/exit is allowed in those industries which are subject to increasing returns to scale.


Most cases of colorectal cancer develop via an adenoma to carcinoma sequence. Gallbladder polyps share some risk factors with colorectal polyps. Little is known about the relationship between gallbladder diseases and different status of colorectal polyps by gender. This study was to investigate the association of gallbladder stones and polyps with colorectal adenomas by gender in a Taiwanese population.


3 During 2003 the North West Region has seen the largest recorded number of new cases of HIV positive people accessing treatment and care since regional monitoring began. A total of 725 new HIV and AIDS cases (HIV positive individuals who had not previously been seen in North West statutory treatment centres prior to the year 2003) were reported during the year. This represents an 18% increase on last year's figure of 617. The total number of people treated for HIV in North West statutory treatment centres continues to rise at a rapid rate: during 2003 a total of 2,988 individuals accessed treatment and care, representing a 23% increase on the number reported in 2002 (2,429). Over the nine years since this level of monitoring began, there has been a threefold increase in the HIV positive population in treatment in the North West (figure 1.12). This is the eighth annual report of the North West HIV/AIDS Monitoring Unit, presenting data on HIV positive individuals accessing treatment and care in the North West Region. A total of 45 statutory centres within the North West provided treatment and care for HIV positive individuals resident throughout the region and beyond. We present analyses by treatment centre, as well as by primary care trust (PCT) and strategic health authority (SHA) of residence. It is not possible to present all possible breakdowns at PCT level, however, additional tables are available on the North West Public Health Observatory website (www.nwpho.org.uk/hiv2003). This year, for the first time, we introduce a new chapter (see chapter 7), presenting trends in the epidemiology and treatment of HIV in the North West. New cases represented 24% of all cases, a proportion similar to previous years. The predominant mode of exposure to HIV for new cases is heterosexual sex (53%); this route has overtaken homosexual sex (44%: table 2.3a) for the second year running, reflecting the trend that has been apparent nationally since 1999 (figure 1.6). The proportion of new cases exposed to HIV through homo/bisexual sex is higher in the North West (table 2.3a) than nationally (figure 1.6). The number of new cases who were exposed by other transmission routes (injecting drug use, blood or tissue and mother to child) remains relatively low. While the largest proportion of new cases presenting for treatment and care were categorised as asymptomatic (60%), the eleven new cases who died during 2003 all had an …


An analytic investigation has been performed to study the merits of incorporating a lifting parachute into a 2400 lb bomb delivery system. Lift to drag ratios of 0.3 for the initial ribbon parachute are sufficient to lift the bomb and allow enough time for a second parachute to slow the system to its terminal velocity. Impact velocities of less than 60 ft/s and impact angles greater than 50 deg appear achievable for a release velocity range from Mach 0.53 to 1.2. Substantial improvements over alternate parachute systems appear feasible. (auth)


Based on chaos theory,this article analyzes chaos nature of the language: Order and disorder,determinism and randomness,initial value sensitivity and non-linear.It compares the differences between human's chaos thinking and computer "thinking",and discusses the thinking frame of chaos language by describing the chaotic nature of language performance at different times to provides one new scientific thinking mode for the language study.


This paper presents a new hybrid wireless communication structure that use both optical and RF communication to avoid traffic collision problem happened in normal wireless communication. The new communication protocol can be used to create a wireless communication with large number nodes. According to strictly scheduled wireless transmission, each wireless node transmit packets in a unique time slot, the wireless collision could be completely avoided. To show its performance and possible application, we implemented the wireless communication to DPS that is often used in factories. The result of the experiments for DPS illustrated that the new hybrid communication could provide good performance on both real-time property and reliability, besides, the DPS could achieve the similar performance of typical wire system. With more improvement on the hybrid system implementation, the new hybrid communication system may be expected to be widely applied in industrial field.


The 29th National Conference of the Japanese Association for Asian Englishes (JAFAE) was held at Sugiyama Jogakuen University on December 10th, 2011. The JAFAE Conference is held twice a year, so next summer when the 30th conference is held will mark the 15th anniversary of the organization, a tribute to the staying power of the concept of English variation in Japan and the region. The Conference began with greetings from program chair Ayako Shibata and conference host Ken'ichiro Higuchi, both of Sugiyama Jogakuen University, followed by remarks from Sugiyama Jogakuen President Tatsuo Nobuchi. JAFAE President Masachika Ishida of Seisen University then gave official greetings, praising JAFAE as one of the most innovative linguistics organizations in Japan, which has been disseminating information about new views on English language use and education in the region, as part of its raison d'etre. He also stressed the contribution of "backbone members" of JAFAE, and their strong unity and solidarity. Ishida then provided an informative and articulate introduction to keynote speaker Masakazu Iino from Waseda University's College of Economics and Political Science. Professor Iino holds a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania and is an expert in sociolinguistics. He has done much research into language policy in Malaysia, which was the subject of the keynote. He presented Malaysia as one of the more complicated language contexts among former British colonies, where attitudes towards English have reversed several times in the postcolonial era. Chinese, Tamil and Bahasa Melayu (and even Arabic, for Koranic education) play important roles in the country, yet English is nevertheless valued as a necessity for the "production and knowledge" economy. Due to the Mahathir policy, English is used from elementary school as the medium of instruction for only math and science education, which is a controversial topic, as it is not clear to what extent these subjects also serve as a locus of fundamental English education, since students' English level may be quite low. Iino's hands-on fieldwork confirmed that the sociolinguistic reality of each national context cannot be neatly fit into one of Kachru's 3 Circles, but is much more


Summary Monoclonal antibodies specific to Penaeus monodon vitellin subunits were produced from mouse immunized with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treated ovarian extract prepared from gravid ovaries. After fusion of mouse spleen cells with P3X myeloma, hybridomas were selected by indirect immunoperoxidase ELISA against P. monodon ovarian extract. This was followed by dot-blotting against native and denatured proteins from ovarian extract, female haemolymph, and male haemolymph, then by dot-blotting against each vitellin subunit. Hybridoma clones producing antibodies specific to each of vitellin subunits with a molecular mass of 83, 74, 104 and 58, 104 and 45 kD, antibodies specific to the 215 kD protein, an oocyte-specific protein, and one monoclonal antibody specific to haemocyanin were isolated. All monoclonal antibodies could bind to both native and denatured proteins. Western blot analysis of ovarian extract and female haemolymph from gravid ovary prawns separated by PAGE and SDS-PAGE revealed five vitellin subunits, molecular mass of 104, 83, 74, 58 and 45 kD in ovarian extract, and four vitellogenin related polypeptides, molecular mass of 200, 104, 83 and 74 kD in the female haemolymph. From the immunoreactive relationships among these proteins, it could be assumed that vitellogenin may be released into the haemolymph in two forms, 200 and 74 kD, then the 200 kD polypeptide was either processed into the 104 and 83 kD polypeptides, or directly taken up into the oocyte. In the oocyte, the 104 kD protein would be further cleaved into 58 and 45 kD polypeptides while the 74 kD protein would undergo slight modification or remained unchanged. Western blot analysis of vitellin subunits at various stages of ovarian development revealed that the 200 kD protein appeared in the oocyte during early ovarian development and the 45 and 58 kD proteins appeared during the late development.


School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China Center for System Reliability & Safety, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China INEGI, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway


Over the past decades, colloidal particles with different geometric shapes, interfacial properties, and chemical compositions have been synthesized. As a result, we are able to accurately control the strength, effective range, and direction of inter-particle interactions in different ways. The studies of colloidal particles and their assembly have significantly enriched our understanding about the organization of soft matter governed by thermodynamics or far-from-equilibrium. With these new building blocks and assembling tools, diverse colloidal structures have been fabricated with advanced functionalities. In this thesis, we primarily focused on the assembly of two-dimensional structures that have potential applications in biomedical and energy fields. We first developed an electric-field assisted approach to create and fix two-dimensional nonclose-packed colloidal arrays, which have applications ranging from plasmonic sensors, light trapping for photovoltaics, to transparent electrodes. A monolayer of nonclose-packed crystalline particle array was first created under a low-frequency alternating-current electric field in solution. We then applied a sequence of direct current pulses to fix the particle array onto the substrate so that it remained intact after field removal and solvent evaporation. Key process parameters such as the particle concentration, alternating-current field strength, direct current magnitude, and solvent evaporation rate that affect both array ordering and fixing process have been studied systematically. Our approach, in principle, can be conveniently adapted into the continuous convective coating process, thus making the fabrication of nonclose-packed colloidal arrays scalable. Two-dimensional structures can also be made for active motion of microscopic objects. By applying orthogonally oriented magnetic and electric fields, we presented two strategies to achieve reversible cell capture, transport, and release with both passive magnetic particles and active Janus magnetic micromotors. In the first strategy, we showed that hybrid particle-cell clusters can be assembled with yeast cells and magnetic particles, e.g., the Dynabeads, under a perpendicularly applied AC electric field due to included dipolar attraction. Interestingly, the hybrid clusters, once assembled, can propel under the same electric field due to unbalanced electrohydrodynamic flow surrounding them. To remotely steer and control the propulsion direction of the cell-particle clusters, we further applied a planar magnetic field, which oriented the magnetic module in the clusters and allowed directional transportation of the cells. By changing the electric field frequency, the hybrid clusters can disassemble and release the cells on demand. In the second strategy, we replaced the passive Dynabeads with Janus magnetic micro-motors, which can actively navigate and selectively capture yeast or bacteria cells under AC electric fields. Again, the trajectory of the micromotor and cargo assembly can be controlled by pre-programming the planar magnetic fields. Both strategies


It may seem inconceivable to young engineers, but it was not long ago that computers were nowhere to be seen in design offices. Designers worked at drawing boards and designs were drawn with pencils on vellum or Mylar1. The design drawings were passed to stress analysts and the interaction between designer and analyst was simple and direct. Times have changed. Designers now generate CAD (Computer Aided Design) files and these must be translated into analysis-suitable geometries, meshed and input to large-scale finite element analysis (FEA) codes. This task is far from trivial and for complex engineering designs is now estimated to take over 80% of the overall analysis time, and engineering designs are becoming increasingly more complex; see Figure 1.1. For example, presently, a typical automobile consists of about 3,000 parts, a fighter jet over 30,000, the Boeing 777 over 100,000, and a modern nuclear submarine over 1,000,000. Engineering design and analysis are not separate endeavors. Design of sophisticated engineering systems is based on a wide range of computational analysis and simulation methods, such as structural mechanics, fluid dynamics, acoustics, electromagnetics, heat transfer, etc. Design speaks to analysis, and analysis speaks to design. However, analysissuitable models are not automatically created or readily meshed from CAD geometry. Although not always appreciated in the academic analysis community, model generation is much more involved than simply generating a mesh. There are many time consuming, preparatory steps involved. And one mesh is no longer enough. According to Steve Gordon, Principal Engineer, General Dynamics / Electric Boat Corporation, "We find that today's bottleneck in CAD-CAE integration is not only automated mesh generation, it lies with efficient creation of appropriate 'simulation-specific' geometry." (In the commercial sector analysis is usually referred to as CAE, which stands for Computer Aided Engineering.) The anatomy of the process has been studied by Ted Blacker, Manager of Simulation Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories. At


BACKGROUND
Survivin is the smallest mammalian member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins family. The aim of the present study was to determine survivin expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and in neck lymph node metastases. The survivin value in predicting prognosis in laryngeal SCC was also investigated.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Survivin expression was investigated in 37 laryngeal SCCs and in 12 cervical lymph node metastases.

RESULTS
A nuclear reaction predominated in laryngeal SCCs. Survivin expression was significantly higher in pN+ laryngeal SCCs than in pN0 (p = 0.017). Survivin expression was higher in cervical lymph node metastases than in correspondent primary laryngeal SCCs (p = 0.002). Survivin expression in laryngeal SCCs that developed loco-regional recurrence was significantly higher than in laryngeal SCCs without recurrence of disease (p = 0.039).

CONCLUSION
Nuclear expression of survivin should be studied as a hallmark of higher risk laryngeal SCCs to develop loco-regional recurrences. Higher survivin expression in pN+ laryngeal SCC may suggest elective neck dissection in clinically N0 patients with high survivin expression in primary SCC. The extremely high survivin expression in lymph node metastases may support the use of survivin in the diagnosis of lymph node micro-metastases.


This paper examines the effectiveness of Data-Driven Learning on learning tasks with different instructional focuses and on students at different proficiency levels. 98 university students participated in the study. A control/experimental group pre-test/post-test design was implemented. Statistical analysis of the results indicate that students in the DDL group improved significantly more on comparison of word usage and distinctive features of a text type but not on grammar. Differences in gain scores by students at different levels did not reach a significant level, although the data favored students with higher proficiency on two of the instructional focuses.


Progress in battery technology accelerates the transition of battery management system (BMS) from a mere monitoring unit to a multifunction integrated one. It is necessary to establish a battery model for the implementation of BMS's effective control. With more comprehensive and faster battery model, it would be accurate and effective to reflect the behavior of the battery level to the vehicle. On this basis, to ensure battery safety, power, and durability, some key technologies based on the model are advanced, such as battery state estimation, energy equalization, thermal management, and fault diagnosis. Besides, the communication of interactions between BMS and vehicle controllers, motor controllers, etc is an essential consideration for optimizing driving and improving vehicle performance. As concluded, a synergistic and collaborative BMS is the foundation for green‐energy vehicles to be intelligent, electric, networked, and shared. Thus, this paper reviews the research and development (R&D) of multiphysics model simulation and multifunction integrated BMS technology. In addition, summary of the relevant research and state‐of‐the‐art technology is dedicated to improving the synergy and coordination of BMS and to promote the innovation and optimization of new energy vehicle technology.


Visual C++ was used to develop a computer aided designing system of simulated moving bed chromatography. This system can simulated the simulate moving bed chromatography separation process accurately. The core of this system is SMB dynamical model which was solved by orthogonal collocation in finite elements. This system can be used easily with the friendly interface. The software can be updated and maintained easily for the reason of the layer design.


In this chapter, findings of an experiment aimed to investigate cognitive changes of cerebral activity during the observation of TV commercials will be presented. In particular, it has been recorded Electroencephalographic data (EEG) from a group of 24 healthy subjects during the observation of a series of TV advertisements. The Marketing Meets Neuroscience: Useful Insights for Gender Subgroups During the Observation of TV Ads Patrizia Cherubino IULM University, Italy & BrainSigns srl, Italy Giulia Cartocci Sapienza University, Italy & BrainSigns srl, Italy Arianna Trettel BrainSigns srl, Italy Dario Rossi Sapienza University, Italy & BrainSigns srl, Italy Enrica Modica Sapienza University, Italy & BrainSigns srl, Italy Anton Giulio Maglione Sapienza University, Italy & BrainSigns srl, Italy Marco Mancini BrainSigns srl, Italy Gianluca Di Flumeri Sapienza University, Italy & BrainSigns srl, Italy Fabio Babiloni Sapienza University, Italy & BrainSigns srl, Italy Marketing Meets Neuroscience


The Kellys groped for power / and we, affiliation.--Major Jackson ("Urban Renewal: XIV," lines 25-26) In a special issue of Callaloo devoted to the new wave of black poetry, Charles H. Rowell describes its participants--part of perhaps "the largest literary group of working black writers that the US has ever known" (vii)--as a group who have "learned, and ... teach their readers to take nothing for granted" (ix). Among them, Harryette Mullen finds a number of poets whose work is situated "between declarative representations of blackness and a critical engagement with the cultural and discursive practices by which evolving identities are recognized, articulated, and defined" (n. pag.). Their dominant ethic is suspicious of aesthetic and ideological fixity and thus, as Rowell argues, promulgates a "vision of the world [which] challenges the old verities and renders them uncertainties" (ix). While grateful beneficiaries of the black cultural tradition, poets of this cohort are nonetheless, in the best sense of the jazz tradition Rowell invokes, inspired to use all that is available to them--whatever they feel works--in their poetry. While so doing, they strive to avoid the trap the poet Thomas Sayers Ellis warns against, "that they begin to respond to the tempest (to survive and to be heard), forgetting all the time that anything they create, if they are black, is black, and is black art" (89). Major Jackson, one of this new body of poets, writes a long epistle to Gwendolyn Brooks in his latest volume, Hoops (2006)? Apostrophizing the now-deceased poet, Jackson recalls her influence on some of the poets of his generation (in this instance, the Cambridge-based Dark Room Collective [DRC]), styling them "the inheritors of your black pride" (Hoops 94, "Letter to Brooks: Allegheny," line 73). Not only are these poets bequeathed the elder poet's pride, but Jackson extends Brooks's legacy, suggesting that because of the ground Brooks cleared, the struggles she fought, and the model she set, these young poets were in a position to form "A cadre to unselfconsciously sound / Off Hayden, Baraka, Dove, and Wright. / To become our next black literary lights" (75-77). I read Jackson's inclusion of Amiri Baraka in that list as at once inevitable and striking. Certainly Baraka must be included in any discussion of latter-day black letters as a figure whose impact needs engagement in one form or another. On the one hand, Baraka's commitment to the voices, concerns, and rhythms of black and oppressed peoples has been unyielding for more than forty years, making him for many the foremost model of the committed artist. On the other hand, his name has become poetic shorthand for an extroverted, divisive, and intransigently ideological writer, a practitioner of what Michael G. Cooke refers to as "kinship by exhortation" (131). Such criteria would appear to place him at irreconcilable odds with the more measured, introspective, lyrical poetics of Robert Hayden, Rita Dove, or Jay Wright. Could it have been possible thirty-five years ago, when many of these younger poets were just beginning to grapple with the written word and when many of these elder poets were grappling with each other, to imagine this list coming together? In effect, we might imagine the detente between Baraka and Larry Neal's Black Fire (1968) and Michael S. Harper and Robert B. Stepto's Chant of Saints (1979), the two emblematic anthologies, one nationalist, one self-consciously literary, that, although published eleven years apart, when placed adjacently appear to be at each other's throats. (2) In this context, the question Jackson soon follows with sounds both expansive and defiant: "Who did we not celebrate? America could / Never deal with a diverse canon of poets" (85-86). On the one hand, Jackson's statement obviously announces its commitment to the issues of representation and pluralism, to "really fac[ing] a people's poetry" reflecting the multiple traditions and peoples of the United States (89). …


From the Rosetta stone to cryptography using Strange Number System, the art and science of cryptology has been used to unlock the vivid history of ancient cultures, to turn the tide of warfare, and to thwart potential hackers from attacking computer systems. The paper begins by tracing the development of cryptology from that of an arcane practice used, for example, ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, to the modern scientific method that is cryptography using Strange Number System. This paper explores the depth and breadth of the ancient cryptology and the modern aspects and applications of cryptography, covering ancient Greece, Roman, Egypt, India, China Mesopotamia Cryptology, cryptology of the early modern Era to Computer age and the cryptography using Strange Number System, which is recently developed. By analyzing these areas, we hope to provide a more complete picture of where the field has been and where it is headed.


TCP over Geo-routing for High Mobility: Vehicle Grids and Airborne Swarms.- An Efficient QoS Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks.- On a QoS Intrusion Tolerant Routing protocol in Ad-hoc Networks.- Randomized Permutation Routing in Multi-hop Ad Hoc Networks with Unknown Destinations.- Beaconless Position Based Routing with Guaranteed Delivery for Wireless Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks.- Frad-Hoc: A Framework to Routing AD-Hoc Networks.- AN AODV-Based Clustering and Routing Scheme for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.- Adapting SLP To Ad-Hoc Environment.- A Design Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks.- IEEE 802.11 Throughput and Delay Analysis for mixed real time and normal data traffic.- Wireless Networks in industrial environments: State of the art and Issues.- DHT-based Functionalities Using Hypercubes.- ADMP: An Adaptive Multicast Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.


reduce the intensity of the feeling. They learn that as suddenly as depressive feelings may overtake them, these moods do pass and tend to be spaced farther apart. They learn to challenge some of the repeated negative messages they send to themselves as a result of feelings of low self-worth. They find some new direction for channeling energies, which brings some sense of mastery and feeling of being worthwhile. Feelings of self-worth are rebuilt by discovering that others care about and understand what one is experiencing, by gradually taking on the role of "helper" to new group members, by taking on new roles in other areas of living, and by finding new activities that help one feel successful. A frequently experienced emotion in the meetings is anger. Helping members see that anger is often a secondary emotion, following deep hurt or sadness, for example, can help them put such feelings into a more manageable perspective. Making the anger work for them, harnessing it to some more worthwhile cause, is another important coping strategy. Guilt plagues many of the parents. "If only I had ... it might not have happened." Here again, achieving a more accurate perception of personal responsibility in the situation may help relieve the pressure. The confession of what parents may view as sins of omission may in itself bring some relief. Irrational guilt may be related to the fact that a parent is alive and a child is dead. The capacity to enjoy life is slow in returning to many bereaved parents. The acute awareness that the deceased child is not there to join in the family pleasure does much to diminish enjoyment. The group leader and older group members can help newer members acknowledge their right to some sense of pleasure. This is usually related to the needs of other family members, which must also be respected.


The utility model discloses a pericardium puncture needle fixer, belonging to the technical field of medical instruments. The utility model adopts the following technical scheme that the pericardium puncture needle fixer comprises a plastic circular plate and a constraining belt and is characterized in that the plastic circular plate is provided with a strip groove; and a support arm is arranged in the center of the plastic circular plate and is provided with a needle body fixed clamp. The utility model has simple structure, and simple and convenient operation and time and labor saving when the pericardium puncture to patients is finished and reduces the work difficulty of medical staff.


FTA Cards are an easy way to collect blood samples, deliveries, and stores. The totalvolume of blood samples is less is needed when compared to the blood samples taken through a vein(venipuncture). The purpose of this research is a method that can be applied to isolate DNA samplesfrom FTA Cards using the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purifi cation Kit (Promega), PureLink® GenomicDNA Kits, and Chelex-100. This research was a type of experimental research, and data analysis wasshowed in qualitative and quantitative descriptively. The samples used were 16 samples of human bloodtaken using a lancet and then placed on the FTA Card, sampling was done by accidental samplingtechnique. The variations of the PureLink® Genomic DNA kits method with the addition of SDS 10%showed thin and smear DNA bands on agarose gels. Furthermore, the Chelex-100 method showed aclear DNA band. The purity data obtained varied between 1 to 1.1 and concentrations between 190 to950 ng/μl. The conclusion of this study is DNA kits method with the addition of 10% SDS and theChelex-100 method still have impurities, with the purity value of DNA was less than 1.8 and a lowconcentration to be used as a DNA template for further molecular analysis.


BACKGROUND
The authors report 1642 measles cases observed from September 1996 to June 1997 at the "G. Di Cristina" Children's Hospital. 34% of patients were hospitalized at the Division of Infectious Diseases.

METHODS
The records of children admitted with measles to emergency area were retrospectively collected. The medical records (anamnestic, clinical and laboratory findings) of hospitalized children were obtained from schedules which since 1993 were performed to perspectively collect the exanthematous diseases. International criteria for the definition of measles case were applied. The variables considered were: background, demographic data, seasonal distribution, clinical presentation, complications and days of hospital stay.

RESULTS
The results of this research showed that the outbreak involved predominantly infants. The complications accounted for 72% of measles hospitalized cases. Four cases of encephalitis were observed. A total of 1692 days of hospital stay was reported.

CONCLUSIONS
These data show the failure in measles control adopted by the Sicilian Region and confirm the difficulties to achieve high percentage of parents participation to the infant recommended vaccination program.


This work critically reviews the Eocene–Oligocene source-to-sink systems accumulating volcanogenic sequences in the basins around the Alps. Through the years, these volcanogenic sequences have been correlated to the plutonic bodies along the Periadriatic Fault System, the main tectonic lineament running from West to East within the axis of the belt. Starting from the large amounts of data present in literature, for the first time we present an integrated 4D model on the evolution of the sediment pathways that once connected the magmatic sources to the basins. The magmatic systems started to develop during the Eocene in the Alps, supplying detritus to the Adriatic Foredeep. The progradation of volcanogenic sequences in the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin is subsequent and probably was favoured by the migration of the magmatic systems to the North and to the West. At around 30 Ma, the Northern Apennine Foredeep also was fed by large volcanogenic inputs, but the palinspastic reconstruction of the Adriatic Foredeep, together with stratigraphic and petrographic data, allows us to safely exclude the Alps as volcanogenic sources. Beyond the regional case, this review underlines the importance of a solid stratigraphic approach in the reconstruction of the source-to-sink system evolution of any basin.


The hydraulic profiling tool (HPT) has become one of the basic tools for investigation of soils and unconsolidated formations over the last 10 years. The HPT is advanced into the subsurface using direct push methods. Clean water is injected into the formation from a small screened port on the side of the probe as it is steadily advanced into the subsurface. A downhole pressure sensor detects the pressure required to inject the water into the formation while an up‐hole flowmeter monitors the water flow rate. An electrical conductivity (EC) array included in the lower end of the probe provides a simultaneous EC log of the bulk formation. The EC log, HPT pressure, and flow rate are logged and displayed onscreen as the probe is advanced. These logs enable the investigator to evaluate vertical changes in relative formation permeability at high resolution. Pressure dissipation tests may be performed at selected depths in coarse‐grained materials to determine the piezometric pressure in saturated formations. This enables the operator to define the piezometric profile and determine the piezometric surface without a well. Post processing of the log in the viewing software provides for calculation of the corrected HPT pressure (Pc) and estimation of hydraulic conductivity (Est. K) within limits (~0.1 to 75 ft/d). In clean, coarse‐grained materials the tandem EC log may be used to estimate groundwater specific conductance based on an Archie's Law model. Cross sections of HPT logs provide an efficient means to define hydrostratigraphy. When combined with contaminant logging tools such as the membrane interface probe (MIP) the HPT data may help to define contaminant migration pathways or contaminated low permeability zones that may result in back diffusion. The HPT can be a useful tool for many geoenvironmental investigations in unconsolidated formations.


In 2000, as Chen Shui-bian won the presidential election, DPP replaced KMT as the ruling party and ended 50 years of KMT domination on Taiwan's politics as a result; and the shift of power between the two political parties has opened a new page in the cross-strait relations. Two major factors have probably kept Taiwan Strait relatively peaceful in the last 50 years. Firstly, Taiwan did not seek independence actively; and secondly, China did not have the full military capability to take over Taiwan. However, new challenges to alter the two factors have been detected recently. In one hand, Taiwan has been gradually marginalized due to the fact that China has risen to become a world power in international politics and exerted its influence in isolating Taiwan within the international community. The situation worsened when the effects of China magnetism over Taiwan' s economy began to appear with China's forging of the so-called "United Front Warfare." On the other hand, as China has become a military power in Asia, its rapid economic growth indirectly accelerated its national power, and thus, amplified its military threat on Taiwan's national security. Consequently, the cross-strait relations have encountered an unprecedented challenge. This paper attempts to explore the background of the four important cross-strait issues by the DPP government; compare these with the factors that influenced other different issues; hope to discover more answers to these issues from my studies and make suggestions as references to the related researches. This dissertation is to take an approach through case study and document analysis. Considering that the economic and trade development is a lifeline to Taiwan's wellbeing, the writer selects the following topics: "Easing Restrictions on Eight-inch Wafer Factory's China-bound Investments" and "Allowing the Mainland Tourists to Visit Taiwan." With regards to political and educational issues, the writer selects "One China Issue" and "Recognition of Educational Qualifications from Mainland China." The selection of these four specific cases is to examine the background and the factors of DPP government's important cross-strait policies. At the conclusion of the research, the writer makes the following suggestions to the DPP government:(1) To strengthen administrative stability and social security;(2) To develop a global marketing strategy, and avoid excessive investments in China;(3) To widely open the cross-strait tourism, cultural and educational exchanges, (4) To stimulate further democratic reforms within China with the hint of Taiwan experience in democratization;(4) To establish a sound monitoring system on mainland investments on Taiwan and the cross-strait economic and trade interdependence.


Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) is a representative neuromorphic camera that responds to changes in luminosity due to movement in the scene. A fingerprinting scheme based on physical unclonable functions (PUF) is implemented to bind a DVS footage to its camera identity. This process is only triggered by incidents of interest to minimise computation. A transmission protocol based on the PUF is designed, alerting the server to any tampering attempts. In this demonstration, we use a DVS to capture a speeding incident simulated by a remote-controlled (RC) car. The baseline PUF database is obtained through a postlayout Monte Carlo simulation of the event-driven PUF. It will be embedded as a security provider in a Raspberry Pi 4 (RPi4), that serves as the DVS embedded system. Man-in-the-middle attacks will be simulated against the system.


This study aimed to obtain information on the performance and diversity of agronomic characters sorghum population F4 method results single seed descent from crosses B69 x Numbu. Genotypes tested the population F4 and 2 control the B69 and Numbu. The experiment was conducted at the experimental Leuwikopo, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University from February to Mai 2014. The results show all the characters that were observed to have high heritability. Character stem diameter, panicle weight and grain weight panicle -1 has a broad genetic diversity, whereas the other characters have moderate genetic diversity. The distribution of the data shows that there segregan transgesif populations F4 for agronomic characters. Data shows the distribution pattern observed agronomic characters have normal distribution, controlled polygenic and additive gene action. The weight of panicle, panicle circumference and diameter of the stem correlated real, positive and strong with grain weight panicle -1 . Keyword: sorghum , agronomic performance, heritability, genetic variation


The invention relates to functional graphene oxide modified composite gel electrolyte and a preparation method thereof. The composite gel electrolyte is characterized by comprising the following components in part by weight: 1 part of functional graphene oxide, 300 to 1,000 parts of polymer matrix and 450 to 1,500 parts of LiClO4 propylene carbonate solution, wherein the functional graphene oxide is obtained by performing functional reaction on graphene oxide and dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. The addition of quaternary ammonium salt is the simplest method for improving the dispersibility of the graphene oxide in an organic solvent, the nano-composite gel electrolyte is prepared by adding the functional graphene oxide into an electrolyte solution, so that the electrical property is further improved; and the functional graphene oxide modified composite gel electrolyte can meet the requirement of lithium ion battery electrolyte on ionic conductivity.


The digital control systems used in an elevator drive motor are outlined with emphasis placed on isolation noise reduction, and modularity. The methods of isolation are integrated with data gathering and preprocessing functions. The use of repeated circuitry makes the use of custom ICs attractive for these circuit functions.<<ETX>>


The article deals with the works on Russian legislation systematizing under Emperor Alexander I reign. It also analyzes the process of civil code preparation, the struglle connected with the acceptance of the civil code project by M. M. Speransky and further destiny of this bill. Various points of view on the character of borrowings from the West European codes are presented in the article as well.


In orthodontic treatments, the bonding of brackets on dental enamel is a classical step. The commonly accepted method of enamel preparation prior to bonding, with phosphoric acid, has been found to create more than adequate adhesion at the expense of the integrity of the enamel surface. These findings are not justifiable in orthodontics since the enamel-bracket bond is necessary only for a short time (from 18 to 36 months). A new surface treatment of dental enamel before bonding is proposed and the adhesion corresponding to the two experimental procedures is evaluated with the help of fracture mechanics concepts, such as the strain energy release rate, applied to the Obreimoff cleavage test [1] (1930); its principle is succinctly described


ABSTRACT:Since the early 1970s, Baltimore has been heralded as a model of how declining, older U.S. cities can be revitalized Baltimore's economic development strategy has hinged on the creation of...


Nowadays, English is becoming more important nowadays. Therefore it can be serious issue to understand, analyze and test English language students beliefs and perception about learning English in order to intensify students' expertise. So that, this study was developed to compare Iranian high school students and teachers with institute students and teachers in aspect of beliefs about English learning. A sample of 47 students studying at private language institutes aged 20–27 were randomly selected, and also 47 high school students who did not go to English class. Questionnaires of beliefs were submitted to the participants. In the second part of the research the same questionnaire about beliefs were submitted to 36 institute teachers and 36 high school teachers and then analyzed to determine how different they are. Results suggest that in the questionnaire of beliefs, in 45 percent of the questions there were significant differences students and also 45 percent for teachers. This study may facilitate the course developers to design the English language course according to the international standards.


In human breast cancer, c‐Src activity is elevated compared to normal breast tissue. It is not yet known whether this increase in c‐Src activity is accompanied by an increase in c‐Src protein expression. In this study, c‐Src activity and protein expression were determined in a series of human breast cancers and in normal breast tissue, using immune complex kinase assays and immunoblotting. As the heterogeneity of breast cancer is not taken into account in these biochemical experiments, immunohistochemistry was also used to distinguish between normal and malignant cells. In human breast cancers, the c‐Src activity is increased 4‐ to 30‐fold, compared with normal breast tissue. This enhanced activity is accompanied by an increase in c‐Src protein expression, as shown by both immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry indicates that the majority of c‐Src appears to be concentrated around the nucleus in malignant cells, whereas in normal cells, it is distributed more evenly in the cytoplasm. These data confirm that c‐Src activity is increased in human breast cancer. In addition, this study provides strong immunohistochemical evidence that the c‐Src protein is also overexpressed, enabling a distinction to be made between normal and malignant cells.


In 2010, the world's largest annual microscopy meeting and instrument exhibition, Microscopy & Microanalysis, will be held August 1–5 in Portland, Oregon. This delightful meeting location was the site for our successful 1999 M&M meeting, and we return to Portland by popular demand.


The homologous resistance and cross-resistance of Lactobacillus casei 05-21 against acid,bile and NaCl stresses were studied,which were constantly encountered during the cheese manufacturing and in the human gastrointestinal tract.First,the sublethal and lethal levels of acid,bile and NaCl stresses were determined,as pH=5.0 and pH=3.5,0.05% and 0.3%,2 % and 18%,respectively.Homologous-resistance experiments revealed that the survival rate of cultures could increase to 23,25 and 75 times,respectively,when exposed to acid,bile and NaCl for 2h.The research on cross-resistance demonstrated that when pre-exposed to acid stress,the survival rate of cultures against the bile and NaCl stresses was 20 times and 11 times higher than the control;When pre-exposed to NaCl stress,the survival rate against the bile increased 250 times,which however could not induce the resistance against acid stress.Compared with log-phase cultures,stationary-phase cultures possessed remarkable resistance against stresses.This research provided a significant theoretical basis for optimizing cheese production and in-creasing the survival rate of Lactobacillus casei in the human gastrointestinal tract.


Abstract This study was conducted to apply the logistic regression analysis to study the combined effects of continuous and categorical variables on the probability of marketability of tomato. Tomato fruits harvested at three maturity stages (green, pink, red) after pre-storage disinfections treatments (control, anolyte water, hot water, chlorinated water) were stored under evaporative cooler and ambient conditions for 28 days. Changes in the quality characteristics of the tomatoes were assessed every 7 days. Significant relationships were observed (p < 0.001) between the variables and probability of marketability of tomato. Nevertheless, some of the variables were not significant (p > 0.05) for the multiple logistic regression models. Combination of chlorinated water (Tr4), anolyte water (Tr2), green tomato (MS1) and evaporative cooler (SC2) showed high odds ratios. For instance, the odds of marketability of tomato for Tr4 was 27.501 times that of control (Tr1), for Tr2 it was 17.971 times that of Tr1, for MS1 it was 15.792 times that of red tomato (MS3) and for SC2 it was 3.271 times that of ambient storage over 28-day. This showed that Tr4 and Tr2 extended the marketability over a longer period, when compared to that of Tr1. The probability of the marketability of tomatoes was higher for tomatoes stored in the evaporative cooling environment. The model developed can be used by farmers and processors by measuring any of the convenient physical/chemical parameters (pH, TA, TSS, colour, texture) and apply the model to predict the marketability level for different storage periods.


between these parameters and aortic root size were examined in univariate analysis. Then, a multivariate stepwise regression was done including OSA severity parameters, age, systolic and diastolic BP (both clinical and ABPM values), PWV, and BRS. The data are presented as mean ± SD or frequencies.Patients' mean age was 49 ± 10 y; 136 (87%) were men and their mean BMI was 27 ± 3 kg/m


According to the WHO, up to 20% of the world's population suffers from iron deficiency anemia (IDA), but this problem is most acute in obstetrics and pediatrics. It is during pregnancy and childhood that situations most often arise that lead to an iron deficiency in the body. Iron deficiency at the end of pregnancy develops in all women in a latent or explicit form, even in those cases when the initial hematopoietic parameters in the first trimester of pregnancy were normal (GA Samsygina, 2001; SI Vakhrameeva et al.; 1996). IDA, as well as latent iron deficiency, can be the cause of fetal sideropenia, as well as the cause of anemia in the postnatal period.


This report analyzes the Cotchett Education Building on the Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo College campus. Since this is an existing building, with various modifications made during the life of the building, it was analyzed as an existing building. NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2012 edition (LSC) contains requirements for existing buildings, and was the primary code used in this analysis. Other codes used in analysis were referenced in each section. The Cotchett Education Building meets most requirements of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2012 edition. However, there are recommendations regarding exiting and the alarm system. See section 7 of this analysis for these recommendations. Cotchett Education Building Page 2


This article considers the current status of police reform and the many problems associated with it. It argues that the current proposals are very largely producer-driven rather than consumer-led and if implemented would serve to undermine the Prime Minister's policy commitment to both public service reform and the encouragement of greater consumer choice. Recent public opinion polls indicate that consumer perceptions of police amalgamations are almost wholly negative. It is also argued that the criteria for determination of 'stand-alone' forces set by the Home Office has proven to be highly arbitrary. It argues for the need for more effective collaboration between forces and for much closer local authority involvement in the delivery of local police services. It highlights possible local government reform proposals within the forthcoming White Paper and the need to link reform of local government structures with those of police forces. It concludes with an evaluation of neighbourhood policing strategy and the need for joint responsibility and oversight between police and local authority to both anchor and sustain this important initiative.


"Xiaoshan dried radish" is characterized by deliciousness,high yield,high anti-weather change capability and easy growing and processing.These fine qualities are related closely not only to the species but also to the soil geological and geochemical background of its producing area.Compared with soil average element values of Zhejiang plain,the producing area has higher MgO,B,P,CaO and Mn but lower N,K,Mo,Fe and Zn.Viewed from the effective state analytical results of soil nutrients and trace elements,the area contains abundant nitrogen of alkaline hydrolysis,Ge,Mn and Cu and an average amount of rapid available phosphorus,organic matter and Zn.As the soil maturity of the producing area is relatively low and the cropping index there is high,N and K in the soil tend to flow away,and B and Mo are deficient,which affects and restricts the yield and quality of the radish.It is suggested that trace element manure and organic manure should be added in time so as to maintain soil fertility in a scientific way.


In this paper a new control technique based on the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm is applied to a hybrid power filter (HPF) that is capable of compensating current harmonics and regulating the voltages on radial lines. The hybrid filter combines the efficiency of already installed shunt passive filters with the compensation characteristics of an active power filter. The active filter is composed of a three-phase PWM voltage-source inverter connected in series to the passive filters. The hybrid device is discussed in terms of principle of operation and the proposed control based on the LMS algorithm is designed with stability considerations. Simulation results demonstrate the expected behavior of the proposed control and the overall hybrid power filter performance during both steady state and transient operations.


In 2014, McCulloch showed, in a new and interesting way, how to derive a gravity theory from Heisenberg's uncertainty principle that is equivalent to Newtonian gravity. McCulloch utilizes the Planck mass in his derivation and obtains a gravitational constant of hbar*c/m_p^2. This is a composite constant, which is equivalent in value to Newton's gravitational constant. However, McCulloch has pointed out that his approach requires an assumption on the value of $G$, and that this involves some circular reasoning. This is in line with the view that the Planck mass is a derived constant from Newton's gravitational constant, while big G is a universal fundamental constant. Here we will show that we can go straight from the McCulloch derivation to measuring the Planck mass without any knowledge of the gravitational constant. From this perspective, there are no circular problems with his method. This means that we can measure the Planck mass without Newton's gravitational constant, and shows that the McCulloch derivation is a theory of quantum gravity that stands on its own. And further we show that we can easily measure the Schwarzschild radius of a mass without knowing its mass, or Newton's gravitational constant, or the Planck constant. The very essence of gravity is linked to the Planck length and the speed of light, but here we will claim that we do not need to know the Planck length itself. Our conclusion is that Newton's gravitational constant is a universal constant, but it is a composite constant of the form G=l_p^2*c^3/hbar where the Planck length and the speed of light are the keys to gravity. This could be an important step towards the development of a full theory of quantum gravity.


The utility model relates to a superhard coating deposited on a hard alloy surface. The superhard coating deposited on a hard alloy surface can improve the surface properties of hard alloy further and can be suitable for the surface strengthening of cutting tools, wear resistant elements, sealing components and bearing pairs, which are made of hard alloy. The superhard coating deposited on a hard alloy surface comprises a machine-shaping hard alloy base body. The utility model is characterized in that a CNx composite coating is deposited on the surface of the hard alloy base body. According to the scheme, the value of x in the carbon nitride CNx is 0.4 to 1.5. by that the CNx composite coating is deposited on the surface of the hard alloy, the utility model can effectively raise the hardness, the high-temperature performance and the wear resistance of the surface of the hard alloy, the bonding force of the coating and the hard alloy body can be improved further. A cutting experiment indicates that the service life of the coated cutting tool of the utility model is improved obviously compared with a TIN coating.


Introduction : Sleep restores the human's body. Some factors such as stress, noise and vibration can lead to sleep disorder and hormone imbalance. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of exposure simultaneously to noise and vibration on sleep disorders of workers in Kerman Motor manufacturing industry. Materials and methods : Analytical descriptive research was done on 200 workers by simple random sampling. The control group has been demographically matched up with the sample group. The standards for samples of this research were workers who are nonsmokers; nonusers of caffeine, soporific or tranquilizer; and do not have special diseases. Sampling was done by sound level meter, oscillator, demographical and sleep disorder information questionnaire. Results : The exposure to noise and vibration is more than permitted amount. The control group and sample group, are all healthy people with no records of disease or tranquilizer medicine consumption. Conclusions : The results have shown that the exposure to noise and vibration, affects the quality of workers' sleep. Therefore, solutions to decrease noise and vibration in factory should be considered.


, 1301 (2002); 297  Science et al. Samuel Aparicio Fugu rubripes Whole-Genome Shotgun Assembly and Analysis of the Genome of This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. clicking here. colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here. following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ):  December 1, 2013  www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/content/297/5585/1301.full.html version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2002/07/30/1072104.DC2.html http://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2002/08/22/1072104.DC1.html can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://www.sciencemag.org/content/297/5585/1301.full.html#ref-list-1 , 10 of which can be accessed free: cites 33 articles This article 767 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/content/297/5585/1301.full.html#related-urls 100 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/genetics Genetics subject collections: This article appears in the following


Resistance of weed plants to herbicides remains one of the major problems of crop protection. Resistance of oat grass (Avena fatua L.) to Fenoxaprop-P-Ethyl was studied at regular application of that herbicide. It is revealed, that there are species resistant to that herbicide.


The objectives of the study were to investigate market price structure, market information systems, and credit services for smallholder almond producers around the Samangan and Balkh provinces of Afghanistan.  A sample of 125 almond producers were the participants of the study. The primary tool for data collection was a questionnaire conducted by face to face interviews, and the secondary data of the survey collected from various sources, (CSO, FAO reports, government publications, USAID reports, NGOs reports, journals, and websites). Data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. Results of the study showed that there were significant fluctuations in the average price of different almond varieties between 2014 and 2018 period. Exporters and local traders have the most influence on price determination. According to the study on the market information; 41.6% of producers acquired market information regularly, and 58.4% of them did not receive market information regularly. The research concludes that Afghanistan has a high potential and many opportunities to produce good quality of almond not only for domestic use but also for export to neighbors and more distant countries. This will help the country to take steps towards sustainable horticulture and the improvement of a viable economy.


Automotive networks based on the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus (ISO 11898) family of protocols have been shown to be vulnerable to exploits by hackers who are outside the vehicle. These networks can be compromised in a manner which could jeopardize vehicle occupants. One well-publicized exploit led to a costly automotive recall that affected more than a million vehicles. Other exploits can allow criminals to steal cars without physically breaking into them. While no fatalities have yet occurred, hackers could trigger an event that led to accident involving serious injury or even death. The CAN bus connects electronic control units (ECUs), some of which are required for safety and emissions systems such as the anti-lock braking and fuel injection systems. In addition to controlling required functions, other ECUs provide consumer-oriented features such as infotainment and lighting. Whether factory installed or aftermarket add-ons, each ECU introduces attack vectors into the overall automotive network. This research focuses on securing these vehicle networks, specifically the CAN bus. This paper will analyze the current vulnerabilities and describe our design for a real-time intrusion prevention system (IPS) that neutralizes attacks by actively monitoring the CAN bus and eliminating malicious messages.


TLX is an orphan nuclear receptor that plays a role in  neurogenesis as well in the pathogenesis of glioblastomas.TLX functions predominately as a transcriptional repressor, but no natural ligands or high affinity synthetic ligands have been identified.  Here, we describe the identification retinoids as functional ligands for TLX.  We identified potent synthetic retinoids that directly bind to TLX and either activate or inhibit its transcriptional repressor activity.  Furthermore, we identified all-trans and 11-cis retinaldehyde, retinoids that play an essential role in the visual cycle, as the preferential natural retinoids that bind to and modulate the function of TLX. Molecular dynamics simulations followed by confirmation by mutational analysis revealed the basis of retinoid binding to TLX. Our data suggests that retinoids may play a physiological role in modulation of TLX activity and support the validity of TLX as a target for development of therapeutics to treat cognitive disorders and/or glioblastomas.


Mangrove forests are highly productive, with carbon production rates equivalent to tropical humid forests. Mangroves allocate proportionally more carbon belowground, and have higher below- to above-ground carbon mass ratios than terrestrial trees. Most mangrove carbon is stored as large pools in soil and dead roots. Mangroves are among the most carbon-rich biomes, containing an average of 937 tC ha-1, facilitating the accumulation of fine particles, and fostering rapid rates of sediment accretion (∼5 mm year -1) and carbon burial (174 gC m-2 year -1). Mangroves account for only approximately 1% (13.5 Gt year -1) of carbon sequestration by the world's forests, but as coastal habitats they account for 14% of carbon sequestration by the global ocean. If mangrove carbon stocks are disturbed, resultant gas emissions may be very high. Irrespective of uncertainties and the unique nature of implementing REDD+ and Blue Carbon projects, mangroves are prime ecosystems for reforestation and restoration.


Abstract:It is a common assumption in psychiatry and psychotherapy that mental health conditions are marked out by some form of epistemic irrationality. With respect to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the mainstream view is that OCD causes irrational beliefs. Recently, however, this 'doxastic view' has been criticized from a theoretical and empirical perspective. Instead a more promising 'zetetic view' has been proposed which locates the epistemic irrationality of OCD not in irrational beliefs, but in the senseless inquiries it prompts. Yet, in this paper, I present a special class of cases—sexual OCD (S-OCD)—that cannot be explained by existing doxastic and zetetic accounts of the epistemic irrationality of OCD. Some people with S-OCD appear to adhere too well to a plausible set of norms for inquiry. Their experiences seem to be partially caused by an excess of rationality, and not a lack thereof. They appear, if anything, too rational. This suggests that we are unlikely to find one form of epistemic irrationality common to all people living with OCD. Also, it should lead us to rethink the epistemic categories we use in classifying mental health conditions such as OCD.


A multi-channel time-tagging Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) ASIC with a resolution of 24.4 ps (bin size) has been implemented and fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS technology. An on-chip PLL is used to generate an internal timing reference from an external 40 MHz clock source. The circuit is based on a 32 element Delay Locked Loop (DLL) which performs the time interpolation. The 32 channel architecture of the TDC is suitable for both triggered and non-triggered applications. The prototype contains test structures such as a substrate noise generator. The paper describes the circuit architecture and its principles of operation.


Objective Explore the clinical practice of nursing students to take education teacher and the student nurse intersubjectivity interactive teaching model,evaluate the effect of the practice.Methods Internship in general surgery of 116 nursing students were randomly divided into two groups.Experimental group of 56 people, double the principal mode of teaching with interactive teaching;control group of 60 people,the traditional way of teaching for.Results When the experimental group course completion and operation of specialist theory test examination score was significantly higher(p0.01).Conclusion In the specialized teaching nursing students,the use of double main interactive teaching model with education,can significantly improve the theory of nursing students on the specialist knowledge and skills to master.


Since joining the Bologna process in 2005, the Armenian government and higher education institutions have made significant progress in reforming the higher education system. Despite reforms, the public perception of higher education governance and management is poor. Reasons for the poor public perception of higher education governance are primarily embedded in system-wide factors. Recent research has identified a governance structure and regulatory framework as key to the development of overall higher education systems. The study finds that underperformance of the higher education system is associated with a legal framework that lacks coherence and the entire system lacks capacity to effectively exercise autonomy and accountability.


The advance of passive-component technology has been overshadowed by the semiconductor revolution. However, the semiconductor challenge for better performance has not gone unanswered, and passive components have shrunk and become more reliable.


We present renormalization constants of overlap quark bilinear operators on 2+1-flavor domain wall fermion configurations. Both overlap and domain wall fermions have chiral symmetry on the lattice. The scale independent renormalization constant for the local axial vector current is computed using a Ward Identity. The renormalization constants for the scalar, pseudoscalar and vector current are calculated in the RI-MOM scheme. Results in the MS scheme are obtained by using perturbative conversion ratios. The analysis uses in total six ensembles with lattice sizes 243×64 and 323×64.


Fingerprint identification has been studied widely because it is the most significant biometrics technology and has the potential to be widely adopted in very civilian applications.But so far,the existed fingerprint identification algorithms cannot extract features accurately and are time consuming.In this paper,a new algorithm which is based on the ridge sampling is presented.The algorithm overcomes the main shortcomings of the current available algorithms and is simple,fast,effective and robust.


This study examined minority households' financial behavior in the last decade. Data were from the 2001, 2004, and 2007 Survey of Consumer Finances. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the sources of information for making savings and investment decisions and the reasons for saving of Hispanic, African American, and White households. African American and Hispanic households were more likely to save to buy a house or pay for their children's education. African American households were more likely to use the television and the radio as sources of information, whereas Hispanic households were more likely to use the advice of a friend or relative.


In the paper, the Fuzzy Mathematics and hierarchy analysis have been used for the schem of architectural design affected by many factors. It can reduce the artificial influence effectly and increase its scientific level and accuracy in the schem of comprehensive appraisement of architectural design.


Protective cultures are preparations consisting of live microorganisms (pure cultures or culture concentrates) that are added to foods with the aim of reducing risks by pathogenic or toxigenic microorganisms. The discovery that certain strains amongst the fermentation organisms are noticeably competitive, and in particular that they can also inhibit pathogenic and toxigenic microorganisms in foods, opens up the possibility that these properties can be used for extended application in foods in general. The term "bio protection" was coined for such applications (Bech Hansen, 2002). The cultures used are called "protective cultures. They develop their protective effect via metabolic pathways in food, although they do not usually determine the typical nature of a fermented food characterised by the starter International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 06 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


This paper studies discretionary non-cooperative monetary and fiscal policy stabilization in a New Keynesian model, where the fiscal policymaker uses a distortionary taxe as the policy instrument and operates with long periods between optimal time-consistent adjustments of the instrument. We demonstrate that longer fiscal cycles result in stronger complementarities between the optimal actions of the monetary and fiscal policymakers. When the fiscal cycle is not very long, the complementarities lead to expectation traps. However, with a sufficiently long fiscal cycle — one year in our model — no learnable time-consistent equilibrium exists. Constraining the fiscal policymaker in its actions may help to avoide these adverse effects.


Two constructs for modeling complex objects, composite and grouping, are examined. It is shown that these are necessary and useful in modeling real-world complex objects by analyzing their structural and behavioral semantics. The notions of composite and grouping inheritance are introduced. The analysis illustrates how the proper employment of composite and grouping can lead to more effective modeling of an application.<<ETX>>


This book examines the linkage between deviance and norm change in international politics. It draws on an original theoretical perspective grounded in the sociology of deviance to study the violations of norms and rules in the global nuclear non-proliferation regime. As such, this project provides a unique conceptual framework and applies it to highly salient issues in the contemporary international security environment. The theoretical/conceptual chapters are accompanied by three extensive case studies: Iran, North Korea, and India.


Objective To investigate whether early intervention is safe and may benefit to unstable angina patients,who are at risk of major events.MethodsA randomized,open-lable,parallel group trial was conducted.A total of 84 eligible patients with unstable angina were enrolled.They were randomized either to xuezhikan or simvastatin treatment(xuezhikan group,n=43 and simvastatin group,n=41).Lipid levels were determined immediately after admission and 3,6 and 12 months later.During the following-up,all adverse events and cardiovascular events were recorded.There were no significant differences in side effects and abnormal laboratory references between two groups.ResultsLevels of LDL-C and TC reduced significantly in the both of groups.There are similar rates of AMI,re-hospitalization,and revascularization in both groups.ConclusionThe results suggest that early intervention with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor to UA is feasible and safe.


The high sensitivity of the lead 210 measurement through the polonium 210 enables to date the neve layers of the Antarctic continent. Thus, appear some correlations between the concentration of lead 210 in the snow and the solar activity. The study of the atmospheric concentration of lead 210 above the oceans having proved the stratospheric origin of this nuclide in these regions, the former correlations are therefore due to a possible action of the sun's corpuscular radiations on the stratosphere-troposphere transfers. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1966.tb00253.x


Based on the Enterprise Asset Management(EAM) system,the production management system of the Third Changchun Co-generation Power Plant was established.A new information management platform was built combining with the new management characteristics of new plant.In the platform,the two ideas,"Economical operation with human as center" and "Asset management in full life period with matters as center",were integrated together.In the process of the system construction,according to the software CMM(Capability Maturity Model for Software) specification,as a trial,the informationized project management was carried out and better result was obtained.


Efficient use of both water and energy resources are vital for productivity increase in agriculture, simultaneously maintaining environmental sustainability. Soil and water resources of arid and semi-arid regions can be managed to sustain the productive capacity of the land and to better cope with water scarcity. In this context, optimal use of water and applying modern irrigation techniques such a pressurized irrigation are needed. In pressurized irrigation system running energy expenditure is high. Energy can be supplied by pumping and in some cases by gravity when there is a good head difference between, say a reservoir and the intake of the pressurized irrigation network. Mosallase Givi irrigation and drainage network is located in northwest of Iran in Ardebil province. Givi reservoir dam was constructed on Givi river is the source of water for the network. Project area is about 4500 ha and according to the limitation of water and soil resources, just about 2200 ha can be covered by trickle irrigation system. Since Givi project area is in a steep mountainous region. The head difference between the point of water diversion from the Givi reservoir and the irrigation network is about 180 m. In this paper, two approaches were studied in designing of Givi irrigation network. In the first approach the design was based on sub-main and main pipe lay out from the reservoir to the farm. In second approach at the beginning of each sub main pipe a regulator reservoir


Background: Ever since the emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection in the UAE, the government had taken several preventive measures against the disease, including vaccination. Acceptance of the vaccine among the population played a crucial role in determining whether the pandemic could be successfully controlled. This study aimed to assess the acceptance, knowledge, and perception of the COVID-19 vaccine among the adult population of the UAE. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a snowball sampling method among UAE residents above 18 years of age. Data were collected using an online questionnaire consisting of 33 close-ended questions divided into three sections. Results: A total of 825 adults (males = 18.4% and females = 81.6%) participated in the study. Males were 3.3 times more likely to get vaccinated than females (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–5.7). Those participants who took the flu vaccine before were 1.4 times more likely to get vaccinated (95% CI: 1.003–1.897). Employed participants were three times more likely to take the vaccine as compared with students and those who were unemployed (95% CI: 2.078–4.577). Likewise, those who were over 40 years old and those who believed in the efficacy and safety of vaccines were more willing to get vaccinated. Conclusion: The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine was overall high, especially among males and employees. Our findings may help identify vulnerable groups in order to expand vaccination coverage and help raise awareness among UAE residents.


The reactions of [Cp*RuCl(CO)(PMe i Pr 2 )] (1) and [Cp*RuCl(CO)(PEt 3 )] (2) with NaBAr' 4 in fluorobenzene both under argon and under dinitrogen generate the binuclear compounds [{Cp*Ru(CO)(PMe i Pr 2 )] 2 (μ-Cl)] [BAr'4] (3)and [{ Cp*Ru(CO)(PEt 3 )} 2 (μ-Cl][BAr' 4 ] (4), respectively, which were fully characterized. The crystal structure of compound 4 is reported, showing for the first time two chiral "Cp*Ru" fragments bonded through only one bridging chloride ligand. No dinitrogen complexes or 16-electron species could be isolated. Halide ion from 1 using dry acetone as solvent yields the compound [Cp*Ru(CO){η 1 -OC-(CH 3 ) 2 }(PMe i Pr 2 )][BAr' 4 ] (5). A range of olefins react with [Cp*RuCl(CO)(PMe'Pr 2 )] and NaBAr' 4 furnishing the corresponding cationic η 2 -alkene complexes [Cp*Ru(CO)(L)(PMe i -Pr 2 )][BAr' 4 ] (L = C 2 H 4 , 6; H 2 C=CHPh, 7; and H 2 C=CHCOOCH 3 , 8), which are stable under argon atmosphere in solution. The crystal structure of compound 6 is also reported. Both 1 and 2 react with SnCl 2 in CH 2 Cl 2 to yield the insertion derivatives [Cp*Ru(CO)(SnCl 3 )-(PR 3 )] (PR 3 = PMe i Pr 2 , 9; PEt 3 , 10), which have also been characterized.