According to Statement 16 of the 2009 World Conference on Higher Education in Paris, "greater emphasis on the areas of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM), as well as social and human sciences, is vital for all our societies." Access to programs of study in these areas is considered important for enhancing the quality-of-life experience for individuals by providing skills that translate to technological-capacity nation building, one of the keys to success in a global economy secured by knowledge-based industries. The driving premise—as mentioned in the 1998 "World Declaration on Higher Education for the 21 Century"—is the need to advance knowledge through research. Specifically: • The intellectual and cultural rights on the results of research should be used to the benefit of humanity and should be protected so that they cannot be abused (Art. 5(b)). • Of special importance is the enhancement of research capacities in higher education research institutions, as mutual enhancement of quality takes place when higher education and research are conducted at a high level within the same institution (Art. 5(c)).


Audit, accountability and clinical performance all form what is now understood in the National Health Service (NHS) as Clinical Governance (CG) and it has profound implications for all who work in the NHS including Chaplains. CG is something they will need to comprehend and implement. This paper seeks to describe the service the Chaplaincy provides, our customers are identified, as are the difficulties of assessing whether or not we can/are delivering a quality service. I consider what criteria/performance indicators I would be looking for from an economical, efficient and effective Chaplaincy department. Then as a "customer facing organisation", I explain some of the difficulties of finding out what our customers think of our service/role and cite examples of surveys from other Trusts.


An optimization decision system for operational parameters in the process of matter converting is developed. In this paper, the offline optimization decision model for blustering parameters based on neural networks and chaotic genetic algorithm is discussed in detail. A neural network is employed to approximate the function of blustering parameters with state parameters, and an improved chaotic genetic algorithm is used to search the more optimal blustering parameters. At last, the functional modules of the system are listed, and the industrial application is introduced. The practical result shows that the output of converter increases by 6%, and the quantity of cool materials treated rises by 7.8%.


This paper presents a systematic equalizer design methodology using a backward directional design (BDD). The proposed design method includes pre-emphasis and crosstalk cancellation design and offers a proper waveform solution for transmitters (TX). Since it is driven by a user-defined specification, it avoids over/under design, reducing wasted power. Furthermore, the proposed design procedure is summarized in systematic algorithms and provides an automated design environment. The procedure has been tested for various line conditions to verify the algorithms. The result shows that the proposed method successfully designs equalizers to within a 2.4% error.


This degree project is written on assignment for IKEA in order to develop knowledge about India as an investment country and recommend which states in India have the most potential for a future inv ...


A search for four-top-quark production, $t\bar{t}t\bar{t}$, is presented. It is based on proton-proton collision data with a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during the year 2015 and 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $36.1$ fb$^{-1}$. Data are analyzed in both the single-lepton and opposite-sign dilepton channels, characterized by the presence of one or two isolated electrons or muons with high-transverse momentum and multiple jets. A data-driven method is used to estimate the dominant background from top-quark pair production in association with jets. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. The result is combined with the previous same-sign dilepton and multilepton searches carried out by ATLAS and an observed (expected) upper limit of 5.3 (2.1) times the four-top-quark Standard Model cross section is obtained at 95% confidence level. Additionally, upper limit on anomalous four-top-quark production cross section is set in the context of an effective field theory model.


This thesis discusses estimation theories for cyber physical systems. Some social concepts for the next generation based on IoT technology have been discussed. In a context of control theory, cyber physical systems are regard as a new system for the next generation. In this thesis, estimation of quadrotor UAV and distributed estimation over delayed sensor networks are studied as a main problem of cyber physical systems. In Chapter 3, we propose a maximum-likelihood-estimation method for a quadrotor UAV given the existence of sensor delays. The state equation of the UAV is nonlinear, and thus, we propose an approximated method that consists of two steps. The first step estimates the past state based on the delayed output through an extended Kalman filter. The second step involves calculating an estimate of the present state by simulating the original system from the past to the present. It is proven that the proposed method provides an approximated maximum-likelihoodestimation. The effectiveness of the estimator is verified by performing experiments. In Chapter 4, a distributed delay-compensated observer for wireless sensor network with delay is proposed. Each node of the sensor network aggregates data from the other nodes and sends the aggregated data to the neighbor nodes. In this communication, each node also compensates communication delays among the neighbor nodes. Therefore, all node can synchronize sensor measurements by using the scalable and local communication in real-time. All nodes estimate the state variables of a system simultaneously. The observer in each node is similar to the exiting delay-compensated observer with multi-sensor delays. Convergence rates of the proposed observer can be arbitrarily designed regardless of communication delays. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation. In Chapter 5, we consider the design problem of an unknown-input observer for distributed network systems under existence of communication delays. In the proposed method, each node estimates all states and calculates inputs from own estimate. It is assumed that the controller of each node is given by an observer-based controller. In the calculation of each node, input values of the other nodes cannot be utilized. Therefore, each node calculates alternative inputs instead of the unknown input of the other nodes. The alternative inputs are generated by own estimate based on the feedback controller of the other nodes given by the assumption. Each node utilizes these values in the calculation of the estimation and the delay compensation instead of the unknown inputs. The stability of the estimation error of the proposed observer is proven by ∗Doctoral Thesis, Division of Systems Science and Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, SSI-DT79165026, March 24, 2019.


Acid sulfate is common constraint in swamp rice land, however, salinity and submergence become a problem as well especially in the coastal part. Hight yielding and tolerant varieties were one of cheaper technology could be adopted by farmers to cope with the problems. Screening were the starting point in the steps of breeding programs. There were 41 lines identified tolerant to acid sulfate, while under salinity there were 37 lines had tolerant to salinity stress up to 12 dSm−1. Among the lines, 6 promising lines were adaptive to both stresses, such as B13981E-KA-34, B14316E-KA-48, B13134-4-MR-1-KA-1, B14354E-KA-2, B14339E-KA-27, and B14357E-KA-48. Besides the yield and tolerance, grain quality was also important to be evaluated to meet consumer preference. There was variation for amylose content among the lines because Indonesian farmers had a wide range of texture preference. The selected lines have moderate amylose content, varied from 20.72 to 24.92 %. Most of the lines were slender with medium shape, and no chalkiness. There were two lines which had small shapes, such as B13983E-KA-12-2 and B13578E-KA-5-B. It seems meets the preference of Kalimantan farmers who prefer small and long-grain, as same as Siam type


Purpose
This paper aims to carry out a literature review on the implementation of digital preservation policies, strategies and actions by institutional repositories. The objective is to identify, out of the published experiences, at which level they are fulfilling the function of ensuring the long-term availability of the deposited materials.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a systematic literature review methodology, a total of 21 articles from international refereed journals published between 2009 and 2020 are reviewed.

Findings
The research production on this subject is very limited. The scarce number of published articles proves that the interest of repository managers has been focused on issues other than to assure the long-term availability of the assets they store. The literature review has not found clear evidence about how institutional repositories are implementing digital preservation. It is particularly striking the lack of works focused on the situation in European countries. More field studies are needed. They would allow to extract conclusions and produce best practices to help managers to improve preservation strategies.

Originality/value
This study has shown that one of the main functions of repositories is not being dealt with as promised by repository managers. More work in this area is needed. In particular, it is necessary for a study at the European level to gather detailed data that will allow to draw a portrait of the current situation, extract conclusions and produce best practices to help managers to improve or develop preservation strategies.


The relationship between early Greek ethnography and early philosophical inquiry is typically regarded as tenuous at best. A paucity of references to the cultures and beliefs of other peoples among the fragmentary works thought to preserve the theorizing of the Presocratics and, latterly, the sophists, has created the impression that philosophical interests and concerns developed separately from ethnography with only minimal crossover between the two. Instead, "Early Greek Ethnography and Human Values" draws on a variety of literary and non-literary evidence to argue that ethnographic knowledge played a significant role in the emergence of a sense of popular ethics—the very ideas and values that helped define what it meant to be "Greek" in the first place.


ABSTRACT Deepfakes draw on algorithmic powers, machine learning and modern capabilities for processing information to allow users to insert the face, body, and visual information about a real-world person into a false setting, producing highly convincing videos that appear to be a 'true' record. Emerging on the scene in the past half-decade, deepfake applications have become an object of widespread social concern and calls for regulation, ostensibly to prevent electoral fraud, defamatory misuse, the pornographisation of public figures and to restore a sense of veracity to texts and communication. This paper addresses deepfakes from a cultural studies standpoint, asking what happens if we shift away from perceiving the technology as having a negative impact and, instead, appreciating it as a cultural technology constituted in widespread shifts in the cultural sense of texts, representation, play, co-creativity and pastiche. In doing so, the paper uses cultural theory to address three points: the cultivation of the deepfake in older communication practices, the ways in which it enters public debate as an object of social concern and, finally, how calls for the regulation of deepfake technologies and products misses an opportunity to reassess the cultural ethics of communication.


Background: Complaints with complete dentures is a common and expected phenomenon. However the type and character of complaint varies between population and is influenced by the socio economic condition, prevalent dental awareness etc. This study attempts to find the most common complaints with complete dentures, their causes and also presents a classification of the same. Method: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted by performing a survey on a sample of population over an 18 month period utilizing a customized questionnaire. The complaints were divided into four categories viz. discomfort, retention, esthetics and miscellaneous. Consequently each denture was evaluated for structural and functional defects. The findings were classified into error in denture base, physiopsychological, error in occlusion and teeth selection. The data was statistically analyzed. Results: Error in denture base was the predominant cause of complaints. However physiopsychological and error in occlusion and teeth selection were also important second factors in certain groups of complaints. Highest number of complaints (23.07%) belongs to discomfort in mandibular posterior region. While the least number of complaints are concerned with speech as reported by both males and females (both at 2.02%). Conclusion: Discomfort with complete dentures was the largest complaint reported followed by loss of retention with esthetics and miscellaneous complaints. Discomfort in mandibular posterior region was the most frequent complaint reported while speech related complaints were least in number. Most common cause of complaints was error in denture base.


Difference in median survival is an erratic measure and sometimes does not provide a good assessment of survival benefit. The aim of this study was to reanalyse the overall survival benefit of pomalidomide from pivotal clinical trial using a new area under curve (AUC)‐based method.


The cycling of high-capacity electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries results in significant volumetric expansion and contraction, and this leads to mechanical failure of the electrodes. To increase battery performance and reliability, there is a drive towards the use of nanostructured electrode materials and nanoscale surface coatings. As a part of the Visiting Faculty Program (VFP) last summer, we examined the ability of aluminum oxide and gold film surface coatings to improve the mechanical and cycling properties of vapor-deposited aluminum films in lithium-ion batteries. Nanoscale gold coatings resulted in significantly improved cycling behavior for the thinnest aluminum films whereas aluminum oxide coatings did not improve the cycling behavior of the aluminum films. This summer we performed a similar investigation on vapor-deposited germanium, which has an even higher theoretical capacity per unit mass than aluminum. Because the mechanism of lithium-alloying is different for each electrode material, we expected the effects of coating the germanium surface with aluminum oxide or gold to differ significantly from previous observations. Indeed, we found that gold coatings gave only small or negligible improvements in cycling behavior of germanium films, but aluminum oxide (Al2O3) coatings gave significant improvements in cycling over the range of film thicknesses tested. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND2014-17662R Improving the Cycling Life of Aluminum and Germanium Thin Films for use as Anodic Materials in Li-Ion Batteries 2 Gerald Gulley Introduction: Nanostructured anode and cathode materials offer some of the best promise for dramatically increasing the performance (energy and power density) of Li-ion batteries.[1] One of the many advantages of nanostructuring is that nanostructures are able to accommodate larger volumetric changes during Li insertion and de-insertion than bulk materials.[2] This enables the use of high-capacity electrode materials that require large volume increases for full lithiation. Further research is needed to evaluate and improve the mechanical performance and reliability of nanostructured battery materials before they can be utilized in commercial battery systems. One approach to improve cycle life is to form nanocomposite electrodes. An intriguing example of this is the use of atomic-layer deposited (ALD) aluminum oxide layers, Al2O3, applied to anode and cathode phases, as described by the Dillon and George groups.[3] When these Al2O3 layers are extremely thin, they apparently act as a solid electrolyte, permitting ion transport while also providing mechanical support to the electrodes. Aluminum oxide is not thermodynamically stable at low potentials, so the aluminum oxide phases should convert into a stable Li-Al-O phase when polarized at potentials close to Li 0 . At the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), we have seen evidence for this transformation through the use of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of aluminum oxide layers on Al nanowires that were polarized at potentials close to Li 0 .[4] During lithiation, the aluminum oxide layer converted to a rigid Li-AlO layer, which was at least partially responsible for the poor cycling behavior observed. Aluminum and germanium have high theoretical capacities for electrochemically alloying with lithium: 993 mAh/g and1680 mAh/g, respectively. However, both suffer from poor cycling. Because of this, we chose as our objective of this proposal to examine the ability of aluminum oxide and gold coatings to improve the mechanical and cycling properties of these high-capacity anode materials. As a part of the Visiting Faculty Program (VFP) last summer, we observed that a 5-nm layer of gold significantly improved the cycling behavior of aluminum films of submicron thickness, but the addition of aluminum oxide coatings did not improve the cycling properties of aluminum. This improvement was attributed to the absence of a native aluminum oxide layer, and thus the absence of the rigid Li-Al-O layer, on gold-coated aluminum. This summer, we found the reverse for our germanium samples. The addition of a 5nm layer of gold did little to enhance the cycling behavior of germanium films, but the aluminum oxide coatings significantly improved their cycling behavior. Hypothesis and research objectives: The cycling of Li into high capacity Li-ion battery electrode materials results in volumetric expansion and contraction that leads to mechanical failure of the electrodes and capacity loss in the battery. Our results from last summer showed promise for improving the mechanical behavior of high-capacity anode materials for Li-ion batteries. In the case of the aluminum films studied last summer, the gold coating acts as an oxygen barrier preventing the formation of an oxide layer. The dramatically improved cycling behavior can be attributed to decreased rigidity in the surface layer. Because surface characteristics are closely related to the functionality of all nanomaterials, the application of surface coatings to germanium materials are likewise expected to significantly alter their behavior in lithium-ion cells. Improving the Cycling Life of Aluminum and Germanium Thin Films for use as Anodic Materials in Li-Ion Batteries 3 Gerald Gulley The objectives of this proposal were to: 1. examine the ability of thin gold and Al2O3 coatings to change the mechanical and cycling properties of germanium thin-film electrodes in lithium-ion batteries; 2. Reach a better understanding of the role of surface composition in stabilizing or destabilizing the cycling of lithium-ion anodes, 3. (if time and resources allow) examine the cycling behavior of other germanium nanostructures (e.g. nanoparticles or nanowires) with or without coatings. R&D approach: The same experimental techniques from last year's VFP project were applied to this project. We deposited germanium thin films of various thicknesses (50 nm, 100nm, 0.25 μm, and 1.25 μm) onto copper substrate disks. The copper disks were made from copper foil obtained from Alfa Aesar (0.25 mm thick, 99.99985% purity) and were de-oxidized prior to use. The germanium films were prepared by electron-beam (E-beam) deposition onto the copper disks. Some of these germanium films were kept bare while other samples were coated further either with 5nm of gold or 5nm of Al2O3 . The gold layer was deposited using E-beam deposition, immediately after germanium deposition, with the sample maintained under high vacuum during and between both depositions. The Al2O3 layer was applied to bare germanium films using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Two-electrode electrochemical cells were made using Swagelok fixtures assembled in a glove box[5]. The germanium films on copper disks formed the working electrodes while lithium foil pressed onto steel disks formed the counter and reference electrodes. A glass microfiber separator (Whatman GF/D) soaked with lithium electrolyte is placed between the two electrodes. The cycling behavior of germanium films was characterized by galvanostatic (constant-current) cycling techniques on PAR 263A potentiostats. In this type of cycling, the voltage is monitored as a function of time. The voltage ranges over which lithium electrocehmically alloys with germanium were observed, and the capacity of the cell during subsequent charges and discharges was measured. The measured capacity is the amount of electrical charge that, in this case, the anode material can deliver. In the cycle life of a battery cell with a lithium-alloy anode, there is capacity loss over time as it is charged and discharged (cycled) due to pulverization of the anode material from volumetric expansion. Extending the capacity of electrode materials over many periods of charge and discharge is desirable and is the ultimate goal of this research. A cycling rate of 1C was used, which corresponds to one theoretical charge or discharge of the cell in 1 hour. Cycling behavior of the bare, gold-coated, and ALD-modified germanium films was compared to observe any differences in capacity and cycling stability. Results: The alloying and de-alloying reaction between germanium and lithium can be observed through the voltage profile during galvanostatic cycling. Potential profiles for a 1.25-μm bare germanium sample and a 1.25-μm germanium sample with Al2O3 coating during galvanostatic cycling are shown in Figure 1. As shown, the alloying and de-alloying reactions occurred largely between 0.1 V and 0.6 V vs. Li/Li + . The general shape of the voltage curve remained the same with repeated cycling, which shows that the lithiation/de-lithiation mechanism remained the same. However, the length of time for each charge or discharge decreases with cycling, as Improving the Cycling Life of Aluminum and Germanium Thin Films for use as Anodic Materials in Li-Ion Batteries 4 Gerald Gulley the active material (germanium) pulverizes and loses electrochemical activity. Comparison between the voltage profiles in Figure 1a and Figure 1b shows that the length of time for a charge or discharge is longer over more cycles for the Al2O3-coated germanium. From these figures, we can also see that all 26 cycles for the 1.25 μm bare germanium sample have been completed in 10.4 hours whereas only 11 cycles have been completed for the Al2O3-coated germanium in this amount of time. This indicates that the Al2O3-coated sample is retaining more of its capacity over a longer period of time. Figure 1. Voltage vs. Time for bare and Al2O3 -coated 1.25 μm germanium samples. The width of the charge/discharge curves are wider over a longer period of time for the Al2O3coated 1.25 μm germanium sample indicating better rete


Autopsy.-The heart was about one and one-half times normal size, and showed vegetations along the edges of the mitral valve, on the wall of the left auricle, and among the chordae tendinae. The spleen was enlarged and contained an anemic ne,crotlc infarction. The kidneys also contained infaTctions. Cultures and smears from the vegetations showed small Gram+ cocci occurring in pairs and in chains of pairs. Case XVII. (9514) Male, age 60, laborer, Dec. 9, 1913.-The patient was admitted to the hospital complaining of headache and rheumatism. He "caught cold" in October, and since had had bad headaches. About the same time there was pain and stiffness in the shoulders and left elbow. One month before admission there had been a diffuse blood-red rash over the back and chest which came suddenly and gradually disappeared. He had lost twenty pounds weight in five weeks. The patient gave a history of three attacks of "malaria," the last in 1907. He had syphilis in 1884. No other acute infectious diseases were noted. He had had some shortness of breath for three years and frequent nycturia for two years. The patient was poorly nourished and anemic. The teeth were poorly preserved and there were marked pvorrhea alveolaris. The tongue was coated and the left tonsil was enlarged. There was dullness and bronchial breathing over the left lung, and some impairment at the right apex. The A.C.D. was slightly increased to the right, there was a faint systolic blow at the apex which was not heard in the axilla, and there was a slight pericardial rub at the base. The liver and spleen were not enlarged or tender. There was some limitation of movement and tenderness in the shoulders. In the skin of the trunk were numerous discrete indurated papules, varying *in size from a pinhead to a pea. (Sections showed them to be leukemic in character.) The superficial lymph nodes were enlarged. The patient became comatose on December 15th. There had been severe headache and oliguria previously. He improved under active uremia treatments. On January 13th there was hemoptysis. On January 15th there were fresh petechiae in the skin and the spleen was palpable. On January 18th and 19th there were more petechiae and ecchymoses, and the patient became semi-comatose. On January 29th there was right-sided paresis and dusky discoloration and loss of temperature in the left foot and right hand. The patient died January 31st. The urine showed albumin and casts. The blood showed a rapidly progressing anemia-the red blood corpuscles falling from 5,125 000 to 2,250.000 and the Hb. from 92% Sahli to 39% Sahli. The leukocytes varied from 17,680 to 30,000 and contained many myelocytes. Blood culture was positive. Autopsy.-The heart was of normal size, and showed small recent vegetations on the mitral and aortic valves. Similar vegetations covered several atheromatous patches in the aorta. The liver was small, and contained many myelocytes in the pulp.. Hemorrhages were found in the skin, periosteum, bone marrow, kidneys and pericardium. There was a marked pacchymeningitis interna hemorrhagica which had caused the compression and paresis. The superficial and deep lymph nodes were markedly enlarged. Small Gram+ cocci occurring in pairs and in short chains of pairs were isolated from the vegetations on the heart valves, and from the bone marrow. Case XVIII. (7121) Male, age 25, salesman.On Sept. 17, 1913, the patient entered the outpatient department complaining of shortness of breath. His illness began one year previously with cough which lasted three months, sputum which was blood streaked and shortness of breath on exertion. He had had frequent headaches and night sweats and had lost in weight. He gave a history of gonorrhea four years previously, and of a carbuncle in the neck eight years previously. There was no history of other acute infections. He entered the hospital Dec. 1st. The patient was poorly nourished, very anemic and sallow. The tongue was coated, there was marked pyorrhea alveolaris and the tonsils were red. There were numerous moist rales in the bases of both lungs. The A.C.D. was slightly increased, and there was a presystolic and systolic murmur at the mitral area, and a systolic murmur at the base. The liver and spleen were not felt. The temperature was subnormal most of the time. The pulse was usually below 60 when the patient was in bed. The urine showed nothing abnormal. The blood contained 4,540,000 red blood corpuscles, 10,600 white blood corpuscles, and 60% Hb. Blood culture was positive. The patient insisted on leaving the hospital and has not since been seen.


Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and ranks as the sixth cause of cancer-related death. It has been estimated that there were nearly 400 thousand new diagnosed cases worldwide per year (Han et al., 2012). It has been suggested that Esophageal carcinoma is a combined effect of multiple factors, which contains both environmental factors and genetic defects. Phospholipase C epsilon1 (PLCE1) may regulate cell growth, The PLCE1 gene is a unique member of the phospholipase family. PLCE1 encodes the phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCe1) that catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate into the secondary messengers inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol (DAG), which participate in cell growth, differentiation and gene expression. Recent studies have reported that PLCE1 plays crucial roles in carcinogenesis (Zhao et al., 2014) and progression of


During a 7 year period from January, 1965 to December, 1962, 364 patients were operated on for pulmonary tuberculosis, resection in 249 patients and thoracoplasty in 115 cases. The operative mortality for resection was 2.8% and that for thoracoplasty 1.7%. Of these, 207 patients, 147 resection cases and 60 thoracoplasty cases, were followed for a period of 10 months to 6 years. Of the 147 cases of resection, 129 cases oir 87.8% became inactive following the surgery, while, of the 60 cases of thoracoplasty, 49 cases or 81.7% were converted inactive following the surgery. Of the resection cases, 25 patients had pneumonectomy and all remained inactive following the surgery. One hundred and eight cases had lobectomy or lobectomy plus segmental resection and 16 cases or 14.8% remained active following the surgery. Fourteen cases had a segmental resection only and 2 cases or 14.3% remained active following resection. Of the cases with moderately advanced and far advanced tuberculosis, the reactivation rate was 13.4% and 13.5% respectively following resection while none of those who had only minimal disease had reactivation following resection. Those who had positive sputum preoperatively showed a reactivation rate of 15.4 % following resectrion. On the other hand, none of those who had negative sputum preoperatively had a reactivation of the disease following resection. Those who had unilateral disease showed a reactivation rate of 8.9% and those who had fibrosis or small nodular diseases on the contralateral side on X-Ray at the time of resection had a reactivation rate of 21.4%


When using a laser process for the creation of holes to be used in gas turbine film cooling applications, the mass flow rate is a critical factor in judging hole quality. In the present study, an experimental investigation was undertaken to identify the importance of laser drilling process parameters on the hole airflow. It must be remembered that the total mass flow rate through a hole is a function of the aerodynamic losses resulting from both frictional effects and geometric features of the hole inlet and exit. Optimum aerodynamic performance depends upon the proper selection of laser drilling process parameters. A total of four separate parameters were examined, including laser power, relative laser beam focal position, use of a circular laser beam aperture, and workpiece thickness. Relative laser beam focus was determined to be the most effective individual parameter, followed by workpiece thickness. Laser beam aperture was the least effective parameter. Interactions between the relative laser beam f...


i Acknowledgements ii Table of Contents iii List of Figures iv List of Tables v Introduction 1 Methods 6 Results 11 Discussion 26 References 35


Multiple studies, which studied cortical generators and cerebral networks of P300 based on electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging, have investigated the possible mechanism underlying the inter-subject variability of P300 component. However, few studies have investigated the large-scale networks of P300 as well as the potential relationships between large-scale networks and P300, particularly in EEG signal. When using group independent component analysis (gICA) to investigate the large-scale EEG networks, some resting-state networks, such as the default mode network, have been observed, while the related task-state networks (TSNs) of P300 are still unknown. In this paper, we estimated the time courses of cortical voxels following EEG source localization and then adopted gICA at the group level to identify the related P300-TSNs. Thereafter, we constructed and further investigated the potential relationships between the properties of functional network connectivity (FNC) and P300 amplitude. Our findings revealed six best-fit common functional networks that participated in the generation of P300, namely, the primary visual network, visual network, central executive network, left parietal network, attention network, and sensorimotor network. Specifically, the FNC properties significantly related to the P300 amplitude, as well as some FNC connections. In addition, when using FNC properties to classify the high- and low-amplitude groups, a relatively high-classification accuracy of 87.26% for linear discriminant analysis and of 86.31% for support vector machine were achieved. These findings confirmed the validation of gICA in mining large-scale networks in cortical EEG and may help us better understand the inter-subject P300 variability.


On 23 December 2008, Germany instituted proceedings before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) against Italy. 1 In its Application to the Court, Germany contended that Italy should bear international responsibility for the conduct of its judiciary, which had "repeatedly disregarded the jurisdictional immunity of Germany as a sovereign State." 2 The dispute arose out of a series of judgments delivered in the last few years by the Italian Supreme Court (Corte di Cassazione). In those rulings, the Corte di Cassazione held that Germany was not entitled to sovereign immunity before the Italian Courts in cases where plaintiffs were seeking civil redress for acts committed by the Third Reich in violations of peremptory norms of international law (jus cogens). This currently pending case presents the ICJ with the opportunity to clarify the state of the art in international law on the relationship between sovereign State immunity and jus cogens violations, a topic which has been extensively


In his work Free Will, Agency, and Meaning in Life, Derk Pereboom seeks to develop a list of sufficient conditions: (DE), (S), and (Settled), all of which determine when one's deliberation is considered rational. I incorporate Pamela Hieronymi's managerial control requirement from her work Two Kinds of Agency. I hope to both assert that Pereboom's definition of rational deliberation is in fact an act of deliberation sans rationality as well as amend Pereboom's conditions to more adequately encompass what rationality requires. Then, I will consider how amending Pereboom's conception of rational deliberation will affect the rest of his free will and moral theory.


The draft proposal began to take form during 1975 in the Natural Resources Law seminar. A brief review of Arizona water laws shows problems of allocation and distribution of limited water resources and conflicts over priorities and preferences among water users. Efforts to handle competing demands for water explain the origins of the prior appropriation doctrine and the later permits systems and the more recent modifications of these systems. In semi-arid Arizona, where current uses and projected demands far exceed available water supply, the need is recognized for legislation which will improve management and water allocation and encourage optimal uses and conservation of the state's limited water supply. The Arizona legislature recognized the need for public controls in the 1919 surface water legislation which established a permit system. Similar recognition is seen in the 1948 groundwater law which authorized controls in critical areas. The 1974 statute which requires registration of claims to surface waters clearly recognizes the need for improved controls as does the 1977 legislation which modifies Arizona groundwater law. The 1977 statute declares that changes in the law are ''immediately necessary for the best interest and welfare of the citizens of this state to maintain the economy ofmore » the state, to prevent the loss of jobs, and to provide a dependable water supply for Arizona's cities and towns.'' The legislature declared that the amendments were intended to be temporary pending completion of a comprehensive long-range plan for ground water management. The long-range plan is intended to assure the reasonable use of ''Arizona's ground water resources...and for an equitable and dependable allocation of such resources to provide maximum benefit for the citizens of Arizona.'' The complete code is published in this article. (MCW)« less


Diogenes syndrome is characterized by severe self-neglect, marked social withdrawal, syllogomania (collection of useless objects), lack of shame and refusal of help. It may be precipitated by stressful events and is also called Senile Squalor Syndrome. Most patients with Diogenes Syndrome live alone. A typical case is presented.


With the rapid development of network technology, the electric power Internet of Things needs to face a large number of electronic texts and a large number of distributed data access and analysis requirements. If the system wants to complete accurate and efficient data analysis and build an existing data and service standard system covering the entire chain of energy and power business on the existing basis, it must implement massive electronic text retrieval, information extraction and classification in the power grid system. In order to achieve this purpose, a DNN neural network classification model is constructed to classify the text information of the power grid, and the effectiveness of the method is verified by experiments based on data from the substation information system.


Amazon.com: The Grant Writer's Handbook: How to Write a Research Proposal and Succeed (9781783264148): Gerard M Crawley, Eoin O'Sullivan: Books. We provide assistance with your grant proposal writing. updated the NIH version of The Grant Application Writer's Workbook, to include our recommendations. NSF's mission is to advance the progress of science, a mission accomplished by funding proposals for research and education made by scientists, engineers.


A decentralized algorithm for flocking of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in environments with high obstacle density is proposed in this work. The method combines a local planning loop with bio-inspired swarming rules for navigating a compact UAV flock in a real workspace without relying on external infrastructures, such as motion capture system and GNSS. The group stability and coherence are achieved by employing a purposely designed onboard UVDAR system for mutual localization of teammates in local proximity of each UAV. The required robustness and scalability of the multi-UAV system are therefore achieved without any need for communication among the swarm particle. Such minimal sensory and communication requirements have allowed the system to become a backup technique for centralized multi-robot systems in case of communication and GNSS dropout. The proposed approach has been verified in numerous simulations and real experiments inside a forest that represents one of the most challenging environments for deployment of compact groups of aerial vehicles.


The invention relates to an input device for an electronic device that is positioned in particular in the interior of a motor vehicle, wherein the electronic device (1) comprises a housing (4) for accommodating in particular electronic components (5), a cover disk (6) for broadest closing the housing (4) and a regulating and control unit has, in operative connection with the electronic components (5), and wherein the input device (2) in operative connection with the electronic components (5), wherein the cover plate (6) at least in part, a screen (3) of the input device (2) and the screen (3) by means of an input element (8) is operable, and wherein the operation of the screen (3) by contact of a surface (7) of the screen (3) can be brought about, and wherein upon reaching and / or exceeding a triggering threshold of an operating parameter by touching at least one of electronic rule is activatable components (5). According to the invention the triggering threshold in dependence on a temperature is adjustable. Furthermore, a method is provided for an input device of an electronic device.


Abstract Pleurotus florida is an edible mushroom with various therapeutic uses. Recently, it has been shown to modulate the immune responses and inflammation. Macrophages have been shown to play an essential role as the first line of defence against microbial invaders and neoplasia and have intracellular killing capacities. After being stimulated, macrophages produce a number of inflammatory mediators. In this study, we evaluated the effect of P. florida on viability of macrophages and its nitric oxide (NO) production. Cell viability of macrophages was altered by extract and fractions dose, dependently. R100, R50 and R30 fractions in some dilutions decreased and extract R10, R5 and F5 fractions increased cell viability. R50, R30, R10, R5 and F5 fractions cause significant reduction and R100 causes significant induction in NO production. Further studies are necessary to clarify the modulatory effects of P. florida mushroom on macrophage anti-inflammatory function.


In order to obtain quickly and accurately identify and evaluate the highway pavement cracks,a new identification and evaluation model for highway pavement cracks is designed in fuzzy kernel space.The cracks image data is transformed from pixel space to kernel space.In the high dimensional space,the fuzzy identification strategy is designed to get the weighted fuzzy SVM binary classification identification method according to the different features of cracks and pavement.Finally,the crack damage evaluation index is designed based on fuzzy kernel space(KPCI).Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results show that it is more objective to pavement crack identification and evaluation the fuzzy kernel space,and the recognition accuracy is higher.


Using arrival amplitude data from the 1988–89 Greenland Sea tomography experiment, the effects of ice scattering at 250 Hz in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) are estimated. The resolution of the arrivals is examined first, showing that arrivals are resolved as rays from about 8° to 13° launch angle and a normal modes for low angles, below about 4° launch angle. The under‐ice reflection losses of resolved rays and modes are then considered using two methods. First, the ratio of arrival amplitudes during ice‐free and ice‐covered periods is estimated. Second, the ratio of members of a ray group with different reflection numbers is used, showing similar (but not identical) results to the first method. For higher grazing angle reflections, fast field calculations using the program SAFARI are observed to model the data reasonably, using a combination of measured and historical ice parameter values. For the low angle arrivals, the amplitudes of the arrivals are observed to depend strongly upon both the details of th...


Objective:To study and establish one method for testing the microbial limit of Lefucoxib table and capsule, through assessing such drug's antibacterial activity and the feasibility of its test method.Methods:The method was conducted according to microbial limit test in appendix ⅨE of Ch.p 2005 and the basic principles of its certification methods. The drug was a kind of solid sample having antibacterial activity.This article has used the centrifugal precipitation collection bacteria method, and it was the flat method to count.Results:The bacterium in vessels for drug experiment were all growing well. In three parallel tests, the recovery was all over 70%.Conclusion:The method was suitable for the microbial limit test of Lefucoxib table and capsule.


As fake news has become a growing concern since the 2016 U.S. presidential election, attention to journalism history offers a useful means for rediscovering strategies for both fighting fake news and shoring up journalism's commitment to the truth. This article argues that truth's value emerges from the conditions under which journalism is produced, both commercial and cultural. Looking at arguments about fake news published in news reports, columns, letters to editors, and advertisements in major metropolitan papers between 1891 and 1919, we recover the particular ways journalists came to define the problem of fake news, arguing that its emergence as a discursive object offered opportunities for conceiving of and articulating practicable responses across the industry. For contemporary practitioners, scholars, and commentators alike, this means that clearly defining and responding to the problem of fake news in ways that are both critical and contextual offer a means for recovering agency in the face of this crisis.


The Zechstein 2 Carbonate (Ca2) comprises a complete 3rd-order sequence, which is subdivided into seven parasequences recognized by subfacies successions in cores and combined gamma-ray and sonic-log responses. Besides higher-order sea-level changes and synsedimentary structuring, the paleotopography built by the underlying Wena-Anhydrite (A1) controlled the deposition of the Ca2. The Al-platform was extensively karstified during a third-order sea-level lowstand at the end of A1 time and during the early transgressive phase of the Ca2-basin and slope deposition. The Ca2 maximum flooding corresponds to the inundation of the A1-platform and the filling of the A1-karst cavities. Four shallowing-upward parasquences represent the Ca2-highstand systems tract on the platform. They are defined by flooding surfaces in cores and by an abrupt increase in sonic velocity. High energy, shallow subtidal facies at the base of each parasequence pass gradually upward into tidal flat facies and, at the top of the 5th (and the 6th) Ca2-parasequence(s), even into supratidal sabkha facies. A lowstand wedge, which prograded over thick upper and middle slope facies at the end of Ca2 time, expands the reservoir basinward. Correlating these potential pay zones in cores and well logs finally led to a 3-D model of the reservoir architecture. Thickness relationshipsmore » among the A1, the Ca2, and the overlying Basal Anhydrite (A2) and the StaBfurt Salt (Na2), emphasized by abrupt thickness changes of these lithologic units in a predominant prograding geometry, help to predict top-Ca2 facies belts. The dramatic thickness changes occur at the A1- and the A2-platform margins, limiting the most prospective reservoir zone. 3-D seismic interpretations delineate these margins and support the reservoir characterization by seismic attribute analysis.« less


Municipalities in Ontario are often confronted with in-fill land developments, usually less than 5 hectares, in the older and fully developed areas. Since the available area is often too small for the application of traditional end-of-pipe technologies, other emerging innovative types of controls must be considered. As lot level control measures are generally insufficient to meet the intended water quality requirements and the longevity of the infiltration conveyance systems is not well known, many developers propose to use oil and grit separators as substitutes. Oil and grit separators may be the most suitable solution for busy commercial parking areas and transit stations, but developers are beginning to implement these facilities in residential subdivisions as well. Since the treatment level that is expected from these facilities is uncertain, the three levels of government (i.e. federal, provincial and municipal) initiated a monitoring program to assess the year-round pollutant removal efficiency of two popular types of oil and grit separators. The two selected facilities are located in drainage areas that are very similar in terms of size and land use, allowing for the comparison of their relative performance. The monitoring approach involved continuous recording of rainfall volume, water levels and flow rates. Flow proportional sampling of stormwater runoff and estimation of accumulated sediment at the end of the monitoring period was also carried out. Monitoring continued over a period of 18 months, and the performance of the two systems was calculated based on the monitored water quality parameters. The results of this comprehensive study will also be used to define the operation implications and improve the design criteria and guidelines for the application of this technology in Ontario, Canada.


AABBSS TTRRAACCTT OObbjjeeccttiivvee:: Mental health problems emerge in early and late adolescence and it is an im- portant public health problem. This study aimed to assess the mental condition in socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents to determine risk factors that affect their mental condition and, assess the effect of physical inactivity as arisk factor. for mental health conditions. MMaatteerriiaallss aanndd MMeetthhooddss:: This descriptive study was conducted with 993 students in a secondary and high school.The Socio-demo- graphic Characteristics Questionnaire Form, The General Health Questionnaire -12, and the Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, regression analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean age of the participating students was 15.3 ± 1.2 years (min=13-max=17); 53.9% of the students were male. The logistic regression analysis determined that the "female gender" and moderate/poor perception of academic achievement are important risk factors regarding poor/moderate mental health conditions. There were significant differences between age, gender, perceived academic achievement, and physical activity total score and mental health condition (p <0.05). CCoonncclluussiioonn:: In this study, approxi- mately 1/3 of the students assessed mental health condition as moderate or poor. Regarding determining these problems in the early pe-riod, it will be important to assess the mental health con- dition of students while per-forming health screening within the scope of school health services. KKeeyywwoorrddss:: health


Since its early beginnings as a graduate research space within the University of Florida's George A. Smathers Libraries system, Library West has continually sought to update its spaces and technology in tandem with the changing scholarly needs of its faculty and students.


Pressure sensitive mounting tapes provide a quick and effective fastening method compared to most mechanical joining techniques. Due to the viscoelastic nature of pressure sensitive adhesives their response to mechanical and climatic stress in terms of durability is different from most structural adhesives. While the feature of compensating differences in thermal expansion of bonded members and the ability to recover during cyclic loading add to their superior properties, in specific applications their characteristic creep behavior can be detrimental in other areas. To obtain design values for adhesively bonded joints with pressure sensitive tapes, specific testing methods are required to access their longterm properties under environmental exposure. In this study standard test procedures for structural adhesives including static shear and cleavage tests have been adapted for semi structural bonds with adhesive tapes and applied to metal and glass joints under standard aging conditions. The results reveal future opportunities and limitations in using pressure sensitive tapes in demanding applications. Introduction Adhesive bonding has become a preferred fastening technology in applications where dissimilar materials need to be joined. In glazing applications pressure sensitive tapes have been successfully used to bond glass panels to supporting metal framework (Fig. 1). Here the adhesive fixture avoids stress concentrations in the crack-sensitive glass panel and compensates the difference in thermal expansion between glass and aluminum. Figure 1. Bonding of laminated safety-glass panels to aluminum framework with pressure sensitive tape Fail-safe design concepts of load bearing joints with pressure sensitive adhesives need to consider their specific mechanical long-term behavior which relates to the viscoelastic material properties of pressure sensitive polymers and blends. Prior to approval several durability tests need to be carried out to investigate and prove the durability of a specific substrates-adhesive combination against the following failure mechanisms: • excessive long-term shear creep deformation under static and cyclic load conditions • local cohesive failure due to crack formation and propagation in the adhesive bulk • interfacial loss of adhesion upon exposure to damaging weather conditions Failure Under Shear Stress In a typical glazing application static shear deformation will occur when the adhesive layer is designed to carry the dead load of a glass panel. Additional cyclic shear deformations are usually superimposed due to the difference of thermal expansion between the glass panel and the framework. The resulting maximum stress and strain level of the adhesive tape in such situations depends on the overall length of the bonded members and the thickness of the adhesive tape. The resulting normalized shear strain tan γ can be calculated through division of the total displacement ΔL by the bond line thickness d as indicated in Fig. 2. glass panel aluminum frame


Evidence-based medicine emphasizes that any medical decision must be based on the best available scientific evidence, and any health decision-maker or clinical physician must take all his or her own professional skills and experience, the state- of- the- art medical techniques and the patient's needs and desires into consideration before a scientific and rational medical decision can be made. This paper aims to comprehensively introduce the concept and essence of evidence- based medicine, the steps of clinical practice and the use of Cochrane cooperation network. The relationship among the evidence- based medicine, clinical epidemiology and a systematic review is described, and the application of evidence- based medicine in the interventional therapy and the current problems in clinical practice are briefly discussed.


A significant three-month lag correlation between June top-of-atmosphere reflected solar radiation (RSR) and the subsequent September sea-ice extent (SIE) is found within the Arctic, and the predictability of September SIE is examined by both satellite observations and reanalysis datasets. The correlation coefficient between de-trended June RSR and September SIE reaches up to 0.88 for MISR, and the forecast skill of 0.36 using MERRA-2 reanalysis dataset is similar to or better than complex prediction models. Results confirm the particular importance of the early summer surface energy budget and help to explain the abrupt declines of September SIE in the past decade (2007, 2012, 2015).


Digitized technical drawings are available for use at work, for education, and at home. They can be presented and edited on standard PCs with appropriate software installed. One of the most difficult problems of being blind is accessing and using such information. Access and use of graphic information for blind people is problematic. A solution is to produce a textual description of the graphic. However, this solution denies blind people an extremely important component of access to graphics – the ability to explore them from different perspectives, answer one's own questions and build up one's own mental model of the material represented. For these purposes one needs an interactive system. Keynotes: image processing, technical drawings, visual impairment, user interfaces


The generation of surface variation among many divergent species of Mollicutes (mycoplasmas) occurs through stochastic expression patterns of diverse lipoprotein genes. The size and wide distribution of such variable gene sets in minimal ( (cid:2) 0.6- to 1.4-Mb) mycoplasmal genomes suggest their key role in the adaptation and survival of these wall-less monoderms. Diversity through variable genes is less clearly established among phylogenetically similar mycoplasmas, such as the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster of ruminant pathogens, which vary widely in host range and pathobiology. Using (i) genome sequences from two members of this clade, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony biotype (SC), (ii) antibodies to specific peptide determinants of predicted M . capricolum subsp. capricolum gene products, and (iii) analysis of the membrane-associated proteome of M . capricolum


We usually observe ourselves from two perspectives. One is the first‐person perspective, which we perceive directly with our own eyes, and the other is the third‐person perspective, which we observe ourselves in a mirror or a picture. However, whether the self‐recognition associated with these two perspectives has a common or separate neural basis remains unclear. To address this, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain activity while participants viewed pretaped video clips of themselves and others engaged in meal preparation taken from first‐person and third‐person perspectives. We found that the first‐person behavioral videos of the participants and others induced greater activation in the premotor‐intraparietal region. In contrast, the third‐person behavioral videos induced greater activation in the default mode network compared with the first‐person videos. Regardless of the perspective, the videos of the participants induced greater activation in the salience network than the videos of others. On the other hand, the videos of others induced greater activation in the precuneus and lingual gyrus than the videos of the participants. These results suggest that the salience network is commonly involved in self‐recognition from both perspectives, even though the brain regions involved in action observation for the two perspectives are distinct.


A mixture of 2% acetic, 1% lactic, 0.25% citric and 0.1% ascorbic acid was applied to beef core samples of muscle inoculated with bacteria. Experimental variables were concentration and temperature of mixed acids and type of microorganism. Overall, an increase in either mixed acids concentration (0 to 3%) or temperature (20 to 70 degrees C) resulted in reductions in counts of about one log10 for aerobic bacteria and S. typhimurium, less than one log10 for Enterobacteriaceae, and about one-half log10 for E. coli. Initial meat surface pH dropped to 4.3 after treatment with 3% mixed acids solution but rose to 5.2 after 24 hr. Overall, this mixture of acids performed about the same as acetic acid or lactic acid under the same conditions.


Three fresh carcasses of twoor three-year-old female wild-colour minks were submitted for post-mortem examination to the GD-Animal Health laboratories in June 2014. They originated from a Dutch commercial farm, housing a total of 1700 mostly wild-colour female minks and their pups. On this farm, as health check, every year the whole population was tested by counter electrophoresis for absence of antibodies against Aleutian disease virus (Crawford et al. 1977), a virus with immunosuppressive properties and considered to be endemic in the Netherlands. Additionally, all animals were visually inspected by the farmer twice a day. Besides the three submitted minks, four others died in four days. In previous years in June, the mortality on this farm did not exceed two animals per week and this mostly involved animals that had exhibited signs of illness before they died, like lethargy and anorexia. In the current case, the owner reported finding all seven animals dead with some blood dripping from the mouth, but in good body condition and observed no abnormalities prior to death. Mortality occurred in an area with a range of 20 metres within a single shed. Neither farmer nor veterinarian observed health problems in the rest of the farm but both mentioned the presence of numerous fleas. Gross post-mortem examination revealed extensive haemorrhagic pneumonia in all three examined minks, with numerous petechiae on the pleura and the pericardium. In two of the three minks, the pneumonia was limited to a single lung. The other mink had haemorrhagic pneumonia in both lungs as well as a moderate splenomegaly and both the gastric and intestinal contents were mixed with copious amounts of blood. The livers of the three minks had a slightly yellow colour, suggestive of mild hepatic lipidosis. No other abnormalities were found. The three animals were in good condition and had foodfilled stomachs. From each affected mink, lung tissue was sampled for histology and bacteriology and additionally from one mink the enlarged spleen was sampled for bacteriology. On histology, all the lung samples showed a suppurative and haemorrhagic bronchopneumonia with alveolar oedema and haemorrhage. Nearly all alveoli and bronchioli were filled with numerous small coccobacilli, variable numbers of neutrophils and fewer macrophages which contained numerous intracytoplasmic bacteria (Figure 1) and moderate amounts of proteinaceous fluid and fibrin. Multifocal areas of necrosis involved the interstitium and at some places blood vessels. The latter was associated with haemorrhage in the alveolar lumina. The tunica media of several larger blood vessels was necrotic and contained clusters of bacteria, which were occasionally observed crossing the endothelial barrier and entering the bloodstream. The coccobacilli in all three lung samples stained uniformly Gram-negative using the modified Brown and Brenn Gram-stain (Figure 1, inset). On bacteriology, pure cultures based on uniform colony morphology with high numbers of the same bacteria were cultured from the spleen and two of the lungs. The culture of the third lung revealed a mixed culture of this same bacterium and Proteus spp. The Proteus spp. was regarded to be a contaminant. Identification of each isolate was performed with the use of MALDI-TOF MS (microflex , Br€uker, Leiderdorp, the Netherlands). The isolate that was cultured from all sites was identified as being Acinetobacter baumannii. Although MALDI-TOF MS is considered a reliable test to identify A. baumannii (Alvarez-Buylla et al. 2012; Hsueh et al. 2014), it was decided to confirm the identity of the isolate with 16-S typing; after DNA isolation, a PCR was performed and after sequencing, results were compared with both the SeqMatch tool from the ribosomal database project and the database of NCBI. There was a perfect match with A. baumannii. The cultured A. baumannii was tested for antibiotic sensitivity with the use of a micro bouillon dilution assay, a Micronaut system (Merlin, Germany) and the standard cut-off levels as used in the software of the Micronaut system, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The bacterium was resistant to cefotaxim, florfenicol, spectinomycin, sulfonamids, tetracyclins, tiamulin, tulathromycin and tylosin. Sensitivity was found for amoxicillin, apramycin, fourth generation cephalosprins, colistin, enrofloxacin, flumequin, gentamycin, neomycin, streptomycin and trimethoprim in vitro. However, it should be realized that A. baumanni is intrinsically


MLC++, the Machine Learning library in C++, is a set of Libraries and utilities that can aid developers in interfacing machine-learning technology, aid users in selecting an appropriate algorithm for a given task, and aid researchers in developing new algorithms, especially hybrid algorithms and multistrategy algorithms.


Although our studies are as yet incomplete, it seems desirable to summarize here our observations relating to certain outbreaks of food poisoning in which Clostridium perfrinqens has been the only organism of significance isolated. This and other facts including the illness of a human volunteer, who showed typical symptoms following the eating of a sample known to be contaminated by this organism and to be free from all other species commonly regarded as foodpoisoning agents, suggest that C. perfringensmay at times produce potent enterotoxin(s?) for humans. Although such a conclusion does not appear strange when compared with other information concerning the species (lamb dysentery by type B cultures-see McCoy and McClung, 1938; Oakley, 1943), we have been unable to find previous reports of cases similar to those we have encountered. The majority of the cases which have come to our attention resulted from food eaten in a large public cafeteria. Outbreaks occurred in December, 1943, January, 1944, and January and February, 1945. One outbreak (confirmed bacteriologically) in February, 1945, occurred, however, in individuals who ate in a private dining club. Although evidence on the number of persons involved in the various outbreaks is scanty, at least twenty persons are known to have been involved at one time or another, and the evidence suggests a higher figure. Similarly, although little can be said about the proportion of individuals who were ill in relation to the total number consuming the contaminated dishes, there is reason to suspect individual susceptibility. Repeat attacks in the same person are known to have occurred. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting (rare), intestinal cramps, and (invariably) a pronounced diarrhea. In the majority of cases the symptoms began 8 to 12 hours after the meal, with the diarrhea continuing for about 12 hours. Although the affected individuals were weak on the day following the period of symptoms, most of those who were ill were able to continue normal activities. One individual was confined at home in bed for 48 hours. In all instances for which we have adequate records, the cases trace to the eating of dishes prepared from chicken which was cooked one day and served on the following day. The chickens were cooked by steam under low pressure for a period of 3 hours; they were then removed from the broth, which was saved for later use, and boned. Creamed chicken, croquettes prepared from the precooked chicken and browned in deep fat, and other similar dishes have been implicated and confirmed by bacteriological evidence. It should be noted that it is a common institutional practice to precook fowl on the day previous to


The air gap width has a significant influence on the magnitude of magnetic flux density in an electrical machine. As the air gap width decreases, the magnetic field becomes higher. However, linear motors (LIM) have end effects due to the sharp endings at both sides of the machine. As the rotor enters into or leaves from the magnetic field, a reaction occurs as breaking, which is called end effect. End effects change with speed of the motor and strength of the magnetic field. Reducing the air gap width causes higher magnetic field. But this makes end effects become more significant, especially at high speeds. This work uses finite element method (FEM) to calculate force reductions and presents them as graphics for a simplified short primary LIM model due to end effects. To build a reference, a very long model having the same parameters is built which is supposed to have no end effects. The results of the original motor model are then compared with the longer reference model's. This work helps build a basis to understand and interpret the influence of end effects on the thrust force with the variation of the air gap. The goodness equation is also defined again introducing an end effect factor for LIMs.


The ID-based key management system and method is disclosed. ID-based key according to one embodiment of the present invention management system, and through the key exchange based on the ID and password of the terminal user authentication for the terminal and forming the terminal and the secure channel (secure channel), the over the secure channel, to the terminal, at the request of the authentication server, and the authentication server for providing a private key of the identity based on the terminal user and a private key generator for generating a private key corresponding to the identity of the terminal user.


Discusses various modes of interaction between suppliers and users of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) and is based on empirical evidence originating from the study of 30 organizations representing ten suppliers and users. Highlights various key factors by closely scrutinizing the various modes of interaction during the implementation of various technological innovations. Notes that these factors are highly influential in the degree of success or otherwise for the implementation of AMT. In all, examines seven different types of innovation. These are: plastics injection moulding machines, CNC machines, computerized information systems, flexible manufacturing systems, material handling and supply, CADCAM and automated control systems. Reviews some relevant studies and discusses the critical factors in the diffusion of AMTs. Considers the benchmarking of the AMT's implementation and finally, discusses the factors which determine the effectiveness of supplier‐customer interaction for the implementation of AMT.


Optically-pumped magnetometers are an important instrument for imaging biological magnetic signals without the need for cryogenic cooling. These magnetometers are presently available in the commercial market and utilize the principles of atomic alignment or orientation, enabling remarkable sensitivity and precision in the measurement of magnetic fields. This research focuses on utilizing a spin-aligned atomic ensemble for magnetometry at zero-field. A novel approach is introduced, which involves evaluating how the linear polarization of light rotates as it passes through the atomic vapor to null the magnetic field. Analytical expressions are derived for the resulting spin alignment and photodetection signals. Experimental results are provided, demonstrating good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The sensitivity and bandwidth of the magnetometer are characterized based on the detected polarization rotation signal. Lastly, the practical utility of the magnetometer for medical applications is demonstrated by successfully detecting a synthetic cardiac signal.


The mechanical properties of polystyrene/polyamide-6 (50/50 wt/wt) blends were improved by additions of small amounts of poly(styrene-g-ethylene oxide) (SEO) during compounding by extrusion. Tensile testing of injection-molded samples revealed that the blends developed a yield point after addition of 1 wt % SEO. The elongation at break increased by almost a factor of 6, and the impact strength increased by a factor of 1.5 after adding 3 wt % SEO. Morphological analysis by electron microscopy showed that additions of SEO resulted in decreased domain sizes, and seemed to promote interfacial adhesion. The morphologies of the compatibilized blends also had a higher degree of anisotropy, as compared with the uncompatibilized blend.


Photograph of the southeast corner of a two-story, white frame house located at 209 E. Pine in Palestine, Texas. It has Classical Revival-style architectural details including slender Doric columns around the porch.


Emotion is crucial to identify as it is not open to any objective observation or verification. In this paper, emotion analysis on blog texts has been carried out for a less privileged language, Bengali and the same system has been applied on the English SemEval 2007 affect sensing corpus containing only news headlines. A set of six emotion tags, namely, happy, sad, anger, fear, disgust and surprise, have been selected towards this emotion detection task for reliable and semi-automatic annotation of blog and news data. Conditional Random Field (CRF) based classifier has been applied for recognizing six basic emotion tags for different words of a sentence. The classifier accuracy has been improved by arranging an equal distribution of emotional tags and nonemotional tag. A score based technique has been adopted to calculate and assign tag weights to each of the six emotion tags. A sense based scoring strategy has been applied to identify sentence level emotion scores for the six emotion tags based on the acquired word level emotion tags. Sentence level emotion tagging has been carried out based on the maximum obtained sentence level emotion scores. Evaluation has been conducted for each emotion class separately on 200 test sentences from each of the Bengali blog and English news data. The system has resulted accuracies of 64.28% and 65.80% for happy, 66.42% and 60.42% for sad, 60.28% and 59.28% for anger, 72.18% and 63.60% for disgust, 67.14% and 67.54% for fear and 66.45% and 61.14% for surprise emotion classes on blog and news test data respectively.


This paper generally reviews the status quo of Sino-Japan aqua-products trade,and analyzes the potentiality of aqua-products trade through calculating trade intensity index and trade complements index,and analyzes the competitive degree of Sino-Japan aqua-products trade through utilizing the export similarity index and indicative comparative advantage index.Research demonstrates that Sino-Japan aqua-products trade compliments each other significantly and there are great potentiality in the aqua-products trade,while Chinese aquatic production depends on the Japanese market greatly.Furthermore,the competitive degree of Sino-Japan aqua-products trade is rather low,so Sino-Japan aqua-products trade probability could be further strengthened.At the end of the paper,in terms of the characteristics of bilateral trade relationship,the paper puts forward the trade promotion mechanism in which the government,industry association and enterprises jointly promote the aqua-products trade: the government should establish and improve the information feedback and guidance to the enterprises,industry association should play a full role in the supervision of the enterprises,and the enterprises should improve the level of aqua-products quality and safety.


This study investigated the physiochemical characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolia seed oil. Xanthoceras sorbifolia seed oil was extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (420 atm, 50℃), hexane extraction and heatpressed extraction (160℃, 180℃). Acid values and peroxide values were evaluated, as well as the degree of lipid oxidation. The heat-pressed (160℃) extraction gave a 53.5±2.5% higher yield of oil, compared with the other extraction methods. The acid values from the super critical fluid extraction were the highest, while peroxide values were highest from the heat-pressed extraction at 160℃ (3.10 meq/kg). The contents of linolenic acid and oleic acid were 38.63~41.13% and 26.29~26.85%, respectively. Contents of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were 6.01~6.49 mg/100 g and 58.19~59.85 mg/100 g, respectively. These results indicate that Xanthoceras sorbifolia seed oil can possibly serve as new edible oils.


A quantum antenna can shape spatial entanglement of emitted photons originating from entangled states of antennas emitters. In contrast to the classical antenna, the quantum antenna can shape the second and higher order correlations without affecting amplitudes of the field. The shape and directivity of the correlations can be optimized using techniques of quantum state inference. Positive and negative correlated twin-photon, and multi-photon entangled states can be produced from the same antenna for different initial states of emitters.


Intra-articular injection (IAI) of steroid is a safe and effective treatment for painful knee osteoarthritis (OA).1 The mechanism of action is thought to be partly mediated by an anti-inflammatory effect on the synovium which may be detected by changes observed on ultrasound (US) examination.2 Placebo IAI of saline can also significantly reduce pain though the mechanisms are not generally thought to associate with a peripheral effect.3–5 This pilot study aimed to investigate whether improved knee pain correlated with improved US measures following IAI of a corticosteroid or a placebo in OA knees.

Twenty-five participants with painful knee OA (Kellgren and Lawrence grade ≥2) were randomised to one of two treatment sequences (IAI of methylprednisolone (40 mg in 1 mL) followed by IAI of saline placebo (1 mL, 0.9%), or vice versa) to their most painful knee. Synovial fluid equal to volume injected …


Purpose
This paper aims to contribute to the discussion on the executives' team and firm performance by investigating the relationships between executives' compensation, management gender diversity and firm financial performance in growth enterprises market (GEM) listed firms in China.

Design/methodology/approach
Data are collected from 461 companies listed on GEM boards during the period from the year 2016 to 2018. Specifically, executives' compensation and female executives are set as the independent variables, and the proxy selected of corporate performance is Tobin's Q ratio.

Findings
The results show that the correlation between corporate performance and executive cash payment is not significant, while executives' equity-based compensation shows a significant positive correlation with firm performance. In addition, the participation of female executives is negatively associated with firm performance.

Research limitations/implications
The results have practical implications for governments, policymakers and regulatory authorities, by indicating the importance of women to corporate success. In particular, the findings of this paper emphasize the specific background of GEM in China and provide empirical support for the value of women's participation in corporate governance. In addition, the finding on the relationship between executive compensation and corporate performance of GEM listed companies provides guidance for the establishment of a performance compensation system of GEM listed companies in China.

Originality/value
This paper provides new evidence for the current literature of executive team and corporate performance. This is the first paper to adopt triangulation in theories from different disciplines including optimal contractual approach, managerial power approach as new perspectives of agency theory, upper echelons theory, motivational-hygiene theory and women leadership style theory. The results will contribute to provide guidance for enterprises to formulate an efficient compensation system and build a reasonable senior management team structure.


........................................................................................................6 Chapter 1: Literature Review.................................................................................7 Anhedonia and Depression....................................................................................8 Etiology of Depression.......................................................................................9 Chronic Stress and Depression.............................................................................10 Early Life Trauma and Depression........................................................................13 Dopamine Dysregulation and Depression................................................................16 Evidence for a Gene-Environment Interaction in the Etiology of Depression.......................18 Animal Models of Depression..............................................................................20 Summary of Rationale and Hypotheses to be Tested....................................................22 Chapter 2: Method...........................................................................................24 Subjects........................................................................................................24 Postnatal Treatment..........................................................................................24 Maternal Separation Stress Paradigm.....................................................................25 Fecal Corticosterone Analysis..............................................................................26 Sucrose Consumption Test.................................................................................27 Tissue Collection and Dopamine Analysis via HPLC...................................................27 Data Analysis.................................................................................................29 Preliminary Analyses........................................................................................29 Main Analyses................................................................................................30 EFFECTS OF STRESS AND COMT GENOTYPE ON DEPRESSION 5 Chapter 3: Proposed Results................................................................................31 Preliminary Analyses: Fecal Corticosterone Metabolite Levels.......................................31 Anhedonia.....................................................................................................32 Striatal Dopamine Concentration...........................................................................34 Correlation....................................................................................................36 Chapter 4: Discussion.......................................................................................37 Conclusion.....................................................................................................44 References.....................................................................................................46 Appendix A: IACUC Proposal.............................................................................58 EFFECTS OF STRESS AND COMT GENOTYPE ON DEPRESSION 6 Abstract Depression is a serious, costly, and heterogeneous disorder for which no one genetic determinant has been identified. Research has shown that stress, and subsequent hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, is a significant predictor of depression, and one particular stressor that has been linked to vulnerability to depression and HPA axis dysregulation is early life trauma. Due to the heterogeneity and complexity of depression, it is likely that specific gene-Depression is a serious, costly, and heterogeneous disorder for which no one genetic determinant has been identified. Research has shown that stress, and subsequent hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, is a significant predictor of depression, and one particular stressor that has been linked to vulnerability to depression and HPA axis dysregulation is early life trauma. Due to the heterogeneity and complexity of depression, it is likely that specific geneenvironment interactions play a role in the development of depression. Interaction between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) ValMet variants with specific environmental factors can potentially increase vulnerability to depression. The present proposed experiment examines the interaction between COMT genotype and the effects of early life stress in a maternal separation paradigm on behavioral and neurological factors in a rodent model of depression. Outcome measures include anhedonia-like behavior, as indexed by performance on a sucrose consumption test, and striatal dopamine concentration, a neurological measure of depression. I hypothesize that across genotype, stress leads to decreased sucrose consumption and decreased striatal dopamine concentrations. However, the functional COMT ValMet polymorphism will interact with stress such that these results are most pronounced among stressed Met/Met rats, as compared to Val/Met rats and Val/Val rats. These results may have implications for treatment of depression in COMT polymorphic individuals, who appear to be more sensitive to stress and more vulnerable to developing depression. EFFECTS OF STRESS AND COMT GENOTYPE ON DEPRESSION 7 Chapter 1: Literature Review According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is currently the leading cause of disability worldwide as measured by years lived with disabilities (YLDs), affecting 350 million people of all ages (WHO, 2015). Depression is characterized by serious impairments in physical and emotional domains (Rost, 2009) such as depressed mood, feelings of worthlessness, anhedonia, and changes in appetite and sleep (APA, 2013). At any given time point, about 6% of the US population meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria for depression (Penninx et al., 2013). Depression is costly, accounting for 4.3% of the global burden of disease (WHO, 2013). It is expected that by 2020, depression will be the second leading cause of disease globally, as measured by disability adjusted life years (Chapman and Perry, 2008). Furthermore, a recent meta-analysis has demonstrated that depression increases the risk of overall mortality and is associated with increased medical morbidity (Penninx et al., 2013). Symptom presentation in depression is relatively heterogeneous, due to the categorical nature of DSM diagnosis. For example, some diagnostic features of depression, which were previously referred to as subtypes in the DSM-IV (APA, 2000), include depression with melancholic features, depression with catatonic features, and depression with atypical features (APA, 2013). Depression with melancholic features is marked by anhedonia and loss of pleasure, as well as despair, weight loss, excessive guilt, psychomotor agitation or retardation, earlymorning awakening, and/or depression that is worse in the morning (APA, 2013). Depression with catatonic features is marked by catatonic behavior, such as stupor, catalepsy, waxy flexibility, mutism, negativism, posturing, odd mannerisms, stereotypy, agitation, grimacing, echolalia, and/or echopraxia (APA, 2013). In contrast, depression with atypical features is EFFECTS OF STRESS AND COMT GENOTYPE ON DEPRESSION 8 marked by mood reactivity and weight gain, hypersomnia, leaden feelings of the arms and legs, and/or interpersonal rejection sensitivity (APA, 2013). Because cases of depression vary in terms of symptomatology, it may be beneficial to approach investigation into the mechanisms and etiology of depression by examining specific aspects of depression in a dimensional, rather than a categorical approach to the disorder. Anhedonia and Depression As mentioned above, anhedonia is a core symptom of depression, associated with decreased subjective experience of pleasure and reduced interest in previously enjoyed activities (APA, 2013; Naranjo et al., 2001). A recent review suggests that anhedonia is an aspect of depression distinct from mood disturbance, and that is comprised of motivational (such as diminished drive to achieve a goal) and consummatory components, such as diminished participation in activities that were once considered pleasurable, or decreased consumption of palatable substances in rodent models of depression (Argyropoulos and Nutt, 2013). These two components of anhedonia map onto Berridge and Robinson's (1998) incentive salience hypothesis, in which reward is comprised of two components: "wanting," of a stimulus and "liking" or the hedonic value associated with a stimulus. The presence of anhedonia, or the decreased experience of pleasure and decreased motivation to partake in pleasurable activites, in depression may predict worse outcomes with treatment. One study evaluating 811 adults with moderate to severe depression demonstrated that the presence of anhedonia symptoms (such as loss of interest, diminished activity, lack of enjoyment) predicts poorer outcomes in response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or noradrenergic antidepressant treatment (Uher et al., 2012). Similarly, anhedonia has been shown to predict poorer recovery among adolescents with SSRI treatment-resistant depression EFFECTS OF STRESS AND COMT GENOTYPE ON DEPRESSION 9 (McMakin et al., 2012). These findings denote the difficulties in treating depression, as clinical symptoms manifest differently across individuals and signaling via various neurotransmitters with varying neural pathways may subserve different aspects of the disorder. Furthermore, these findings indicate that further research on the mechanisms of anhedonia and outcomes associated with it, as well as on markers of vulnerability to depression with anhedonia, are necessary in order to inform treatment approaches and improve depression


Accurate traffic classification is fundamentally important for various network activities such as fine-grained network management and resource utilisation. Port-based approaches, deep packet inspection and machine learning are widely used techniques to classify and analyze network traffic flows. However, over the past several years, the growth of Internet traffic has been explosive due to the greatly increased number of Internet users. Therefore, both port-based and deep packet inspection approaches have become inefficient due to the exponential growth of the Internet applications that incurs high computational cost. The emerging paradigm of software-defined networking has reshaped the network architecture by detaching the control plane from the data plane to result in a centralised network controller that maintains a global view over the whole network on its domain. In this paper, we propose a new deep learning model for software-defined networks that can accurately identify a wide range of traffic applications in a short time, called Deep-SDN. The performance of the proposed model was compared against the state-of-the-art and better results were reported in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and f-measure. It has been found that 96% as an overall accuracy can be achieved with the proposed model. Based on the obtained results, some further directions are suggested towards achieving further advances in this research area.


Abstract : This capstone project analyses subterranean threats in the contemporary operational environment. It identifies the doctrinal gap in the U.S. military regarding operations within tunnels, urban and natural cavities, and other underground facilities, and outlines the changes necessary to prepare ground forces to operate in these complex environments. This paper reviews historical cases spanning back over half a millennium, proposes a new typological classification system, and investigates the subterranean environment in terms of the United States Army doctrine, organization, training, mat riel, leadership and education, personnel, and facilities process. Additionally, it provides analysis geared toward countering subterranean threats through indirect means to include: incendiary weapons, cyber-based attacks, and military information support operations. The capstone finds that: 1) Current U.S. military doctrine does not properly prepare units for operations in subterranean environments; 2) Future conflicts will require general purpose forces to deal with subterranean threats; and 3) Understanding the use of indirect approaches is critical in the conduct of subterranean operations. This research leads to the recommendation that the Training and Doctrine Command Intelligence Support Activity recognize subterranean as an operational environment. Additionally, this capstone provides guidance to commanders and staffs to assist in pre-mission training even before the doctrinal gap is filled.


Savings and Credit Co-operatives societies (SACCOs) in Kenya face many challenges when attempting to gain market share and sustaining a competitive advantage over rivals. It can be difficult to know which competitive strategies are worth pursuing based on a business' position in the industry and on the competitive nature of the industry. A number of studies have been done in Kenya on resources and their impact on the competitive advantage of an organization in various public and private sectors; with limited focus on strategic relational capital initiatives in SACCOs. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of talent management initiatives as a strategic relational capital initiative on sustainable competitive advantage in Savings and Credit Co-operatives societies in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was grounded on the Resource Based View Capability-Based View and the Relational view theories. The study employed descriptive survey research technique and targeted a population of 233 senior management teams in 42 SACCOs in Nairobi County, Kenya and a census technique used to randomly pick respondents that participated in the study. The questionnaires were thus administered to 233 senior management employees in the 42 SACCOs head and branch offices using a drop and pick method where the questionnaires were dropped and collected a week later after having been dully filled out by the respondents. A total of 180 out of 233 respondents returned completely filled questionnaires representing a response rate of 77.25.9%, thus excellent for generalizability of research findings to a wider population. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24 where descriptive statistics summarized data in meaningful forms while inferential statistics were computed to yield linear regression analysis showing Pearson product moment correlation coefficients and Analysis of Variance. Both descriptive statistics and linear regression results showed that talent management initiatives significantly influenced strategic competitive advantage (βeta = 0.356 at p<0.01). In conclusion, talent management as a key relational capital initiative play a significant prediction role on SACCO's sustainable competitive advantage thus should be adopted by SACCOs. The study recommends that SACCOs in Nairobi County should possibly apply most viable and globally practiced relational capital initiatives that essentially give SACCOs strategic competitive advantage and also benchmark themselves with the best performing SACCOs globally in order to find out the best strategic competitive advantage practices that the firms use in sustaining competitiveness. A further study can be replicated but targeting SACCOs' junior employees and customers instead of top management teams so as to assess the competitive value of SACCO talent management initiatives in the eyes of SACCO junior employees and customers.


The high-order relativistic corrections to the Zeeman g-factors of the helium atom are calculated.All the relativistic correction terms and the term describing the motion of the mass centre are treated as perturbations.Most of our results are in good agreement with those of Yan and Drake [Phys.Rev.A 50(1994) R1980],who used the wavefunctions constructed by Hylleraas coordinates.For the correction δgL of the g-factor of the 3^3P state in ^4He,our result,2.91415×10^-7 a.u.,should be more reasonable and accurate,although there are no experimental data available in the literature to compare.


SUMMARY A new alloantigenic specificity of mouse lymphocytes is described. Antisera made in the strain combination (RF/J X RIII/J)F2 anti- C3H/HeDiSn exhibit strong cytotoxic activities against lymphocytes, with strain distributions quite different from those of their hemagglutinating activities. The antisera have previously been characterized by red blood cell agglutination tests as anti-Z, reacting with a specificity determined by the R-Z locus. The name "mu" (μ) has been tentatively assigned to the new alloantigenic specificity. The strain distribution of mu indicates that the locus by which it is determined is distinct from H-2 and probably from any other known histocompatibility or blood group locus of the mouse


on 'Reimagining our Futures Together: the New Social Contract for Education'. They opened the report by boldly stating: our world is at a turning point [. . .] but global disparities – and a pressing need to reimagine why, how, what, where and when we learn – mean that education is not yet fulfilling its promise to help us shape peaceful, just, and sustainable futures (UNESCO, 2021, p. 1).


The invention discloses a laminate capable of emitting light. The laminate comprises a reflective layer. The reflective layer increases the amount of light output from the laminate. A lighting apparatus containing the improved laminate is also provided.


This paper investigates trust in situations, where decision-makers are large groups and the decision-mechanism is collective, by developing a game to study trust behavior. Theories from behavioral economics and psychology suggest that trust in such situations may differ from individual trust. Experimental results here reveal a large difference in trust but not in trustworthiness between the individual and collective setting. Furthermore, an artefactual field experiment captures the determinants of collective trust behavior among two cohorts in the Swedish population. One result is that beliefs about the other and the own group are strongly associated with collective trustworthiness and trust behavior.


Aesthetic and affective affiliations that connect local scenes to each other create a grand translocal scene that depends on a widespread belief in translocalism—a strong valuation and valorization of other people's local. This chapter addresses the phenomenon of translocalism and shows how it, counterintuitively, strengthens the local scene. Both translocal and local festivals are explored.