This paper uses the transition regime concept in a case study of how the regime in England has been reconstructed since the 1980s. It explains how the former transition regime evolved gradually up to the 1970s. Thereafter the regime proved unable to cope with an acceleration of de-industrialisation and the government's switch to neo-liberal social and economic policies. These changes destroyed many working-class routes into employment. The resultant push onto academic routes, which had the attraction of continuing to lead to jobs, meant that the enlarged numbers exiting the routes could no longer rely on employment that offered secure middle-class futures. The paper explains how the next 30 years became a period of radical regime reconstruction. Government education, training and welfare policies and changes in the economy and occupational structure, were the context in which schools, colleges and higher education institutions, employers and other training providers, together with young people, 'negotiated' new routes from points to entry to exits into different classes of employment. At the beginning of the 2020s, the reconstructed regime was delivering the fastest education-to-work transitions in Europe, with lower than average rates of youth unemployment and NEET. Then came the challenges of COVID-19, lockdowns and Brexit.


To implement final integration of route guidance system and traffic control system,much research need to be done.One problem is how to realize data share and coordination between the route guidance system and the real time traffic control system,such as SCAT,SCOOT etc.This paper intends to discuss how the two systems use share data to perform automatic division of traffic control sub area under condition of route guidance. 2 figs,3 refs.


Summary: The allylamine derivatives naftifine and terbinafine were compared in vitro with 15 standard antifungals in terms of their inhibitory effects on the yeast‐mycelial (Y‐M) transformation in tests with 19 Candida albicans isolates. Y‐M transformation minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) were determined in a microtiter‐broth‐dilution test using a chemically defined medium with N‐acetyglucosamine as inducer of hyphal growth. Clotrimazole was the most potent inhibitor with a geometric mean MIC (G‐MIC) value of 0.00038 μg ml‐1 followed by ketoconazole (G‐MIC,0.012 μg ml‐1) and itraconazole (G‐MIC,0.027 μg ml‐1) in that order. G‐MIC values ranging from 0.027–0.037 μg ml‐1 have been determined for itraconazole, econazole, amorolfine (RO 14–4767/002), miconazole and 5‐fluorocytosine. Among the orally active azole derivatives fluconazole was the least active (G‐MIC,0.14 μg ml‐1). Noteworthy activity included that of the allylamine terbinafine which was similar to that of bifonazole (G‐MIC 0.23–0.26 μg ml‐1). There was a statistically significant higher susceptibility of the test strains with terbinafine than with amphotericin B. Naftifine and amphotericin B were comparable active in terms of G‐MIC values (0.52–0.7 μg ml‐1). Significantly higher drug concentrations (> 1 μg ml‐1) were necessary to inhibit filamentation of C. albicans with ciclopiroxolamine, nystatin, griseofulvin and tolciclate. Tolnaftate was the least active drug tested with a G‐MIC of 74.7 μg ml‐1.


1,2,3-Triborolanes from Norbornene Derivatives, Allylbenzene and Dehalogenation Products of Dichloro(diisopropyl-amino)borane; 2,4,5-Tris(diisopropylamino)-2,4,5-triborabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-Bicyclus or Carborane?

The new 1,2,3-tris(diisopropylamino)triborolanes 1, 2, 3 and 4 have been prepared by treatment of mixtures of 2-norbornene (A), 5-methylene-2-norbornene (B), 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (C) and allylbenzene (D) with dichloro(diisopropylamino)borane with Na/K alloy in hexane. The corresponding species 5, derived from 2,5-norbornadiene (E), is relatively unstable and by a retro Diels-Alder reaction gives 2,3,4-tris(diisopropylamino)-1,5-dicarba-closo-pentaborane(5) (6). The compounds are characterized by chemical analyses, MS and NMR (1H, 11B, 13C, 15N) and 1, 4 and 6 also by X-ray structure analyses.


This works presents a Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent to implement a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) system that simultaneously enhances energy efficiency and comfort, while also ensuring string stability. CACC systems are a new generation of ACC which systems rely on the communication of the so-called ego-vehicle with other vehicles and infrastructure using V2V and/or V2X connectivity. This enables the availability of robust information about the environment thanks to the exchange of information, rather than their estimation or enabling some redundancy of data. CACC systems have the potential to overcome one typical issue that arises with regular ACC, that is the lack of string stability. String stability is the ability of the ACC of a vehicle to avoid unnecessary fluctuations in speed that can cause traffic jams, dampening these oscillations along the vehicle string rather than amplifying them. In this work, a real-time ACC for a Battery Electric Vehicle, based on a Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithm called Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), has been developed, aiming at maximizing energy savings, and improving comfort, thanks to the exchange of information on distance, speed and acceleration through the exploitation of vehicle-to-vehicle technology (V2V). The aforementioned DDPG algorithm is also designed in order to achieve the string stability. It relies on a multi-objective reward function that is adaptive to different driving cycles. The simulation results show how the agent can obtain energy savings up to 11% comparing the first following vehicle and the Lead on standard cycles and good adaptability to driving cycles different from the training one.


INTRODUCTION Globalization and acceleration of technology diffusion has propelled the traditional family firms to undertake international expansion. With nearly one-quarter of the world's population and one of the fastest rates of economic growth for the past two decades, China has attracted many Asian family firms for their business expansion (Hsiao & Hsiao, 2004). Since 1996, the foreign direct investment (FDI) into China has exceeded $40 billion annually. Much of that has come from neighboring Asian countries or regions (Gao, 2005). During this period, there has been significant conceptual and empirical progress in the literature pertaining to the causes and outcomes of FDI (Huang et al, 2004). However, the research focus has been on multinational corporations from developed countries. The determinants of FDI and its relationship to firm performance, particularly for traditional family firms, remains largely understudied. As more and more emerging economies participate in the global economy, traditional family firms have aggressively expanded their reach globally. For example, Hong Kong Li Ka Shing family has built a business empire that includes: banking, construction, real estate, plastics, cellular phones, satellite television, cement production, retail, hotels, transportation, airports, electric power, steel production, ports, and shipping. One of its flagship companies, Hutchison Whampoa Limited, is the largest port administrator managing more than forty-two ports worldwide. The importance of this phenomenon has attracted the attention of researchers. Many studies were carried out to understand whether there are any significant differences in the motives for traditional family firms and multinational enterprises (MNEs) (Fernandez & Nieto, 2006; Wang, 2006). Two research strands have made this direction promising. First, the emerging trend of international expansion of traditional family firms has provided a natural setting to further advance family business research. Most family-business research currently is largely descriptive rather than prescriptive. By using more analytical approach, Fernandez and Nieto (2006), and Wang (2006) have examined the impact of ownership structure on the international involvement of family firms. Second, there is an increasing body of research on the international expansion of small and medium sized firms (Lu & Beamish, 2001). Often the studies of SMEs may cross with the studies of family firms (Fernandez & Nieto, 2006). Research involved in SMEs and family firms share the same difficulty to gather public information. Unlike most public-traded MNEs, SMEs and traditional family firms tend to be more restricted in disclosing their private information to the public. Therefore, case study and survey methodology have been used in the past to study SMEs and family firms. Research has indicated that a firm's level of FDI is a function of its ability to amass and develop strategically relevant resources subject to the institutional constraints. The differences in a firm's ability to accumulate and deploy strategic resources lead to sustainable competitive advantage and superior firm performance (Barney, 1991; Chi, 1994; Huang et al, 2004). Therefore, FDI is the outcome of a firm's exploitation of its strategic resources and competitive advantages across borders. Consistent with the internalization perspective and the resource-based perspective, the market signaling theory of FDI states that the level of FDI serves as a market signal to the public for not revealing a firm's private advantage (Liu, 1997). This market signaling in turn positively benefits the firm's performance. In this paper, we attempt to integrate the various theoretical perspectives of FDI and develop an integrative framework/model of international expansion of family firms. Particularly we apply the market signaling theory (Spence, 1973; Stiglitz, 1976) in the study of traditional family firms and aim to explain their FDI motivation and behavior. …


The contribution of this article is to propose a knock controller based on the estimation of the distribution quantile of the knock intensity measurements. Despite the quantile estimation randomness, the corrections undertaken by the controller are moderated by the level of confidence in the quantile estimation. This strategy offers a fast control ensuring a better compromise between the engine efficiency and the prevention of knock phenomenon. The design of the controller reduces the engine torque fluctuations and is suited for engine transient operations.


This article explains the rationale for using sprayed concrete-lined over-run tunnels as part of Singapore's $4-billion Circle Line Project. The two major factors that led to the design and construction of this type of tunnels were geology and the location of the excavation in the heart of Singapore's urban area. The article describes the excavation of the over-run tunnels, which was completed in April 2005, and the geological challenges. It also describes the design approach to the tunnels, as well as the assessment of damage due probably to settlement, and the close control that was required with excavation.


The invention discloses the realization of a comprehensive detection algorithm of an electrocardiogram signal at the application layer of an electrocardiogram monitoring internet of thing, belonging to the technical field of the internet of thing. The invention mainly solves the problem of comprehensive detection of each wave shape component in the application layer of the electrocardiogram monitoring internet of thing. The invention builds a series of detection methods, detection standards and threshold parameters based on the wavelet transform technique, provides a detection method based on the wavelet transform, the Hilbert transform and the improved envelope transform to the electrocardiogram signal, and detects and identifies the specific shape and position of the QRS wave group, the P wave and the T wave. The detection algorithm provided in the invention has better robustness, and can preferably restrain or eliminate external factors of baseline drift, high-frequency interference and the like. The electrocardiogram signal comprehensive detection algorithm has the false detection rate of 0.89% through the MATLAB simulation and the MIT-BIH data base mark comparison.


A series of 2,4-diaminotriazines were synthesized as Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) dihydrofolatereductase (DHFR) inhibitors. These derivatives were evaluated in whole cells by employing resazurinmicrotitre plate assay (REMA) against MtbH37Rv. Further, these were tested against other gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains to check specificity for Mtb. Cytotoxicity assessment was performed using HepG2 cell line and the compounds were found to be non-cytotoxic. The results indicated that some of the derivatives exhibited promising activity. The most active compound in the REMA assay was selected for DHFR enzyme assay against both the Mtb and human enzymes. The enzyme assay results indicated that this derivative exhibited selectivity towards the pathogenic enzyme. The most active compound in the whole cell assay against MtbH37Rv showed low cytotoxicity, was specific towards Mtb and displayed selectivity in the DHFR enzyme assay. Thus this study provides promising insight for design of potent and selective Mtb DHFR inhibitors. INTRODUCTION: Folate pathway is an attractive and widely explored target for chemotherapy of various bacterial and protozoal infections, along with cancer. It is vital for nucleic acid biosynthesis and therefore DNA formation, and cell replication. 1 The differences in the enzymatic constitution of the microorganisms and mammals provide the basis for design of selective inhibitors with low toxicity to human cells. 2 QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(6).2352-56 Article can be accessed online on: www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7 (6).2352-56 dihydrofolatereductase (DHFR) is a crucial enzyme in the folate pathway that links folate synthesis to the production of Tetrahydrofolate (THF). DHFR inhibition directly halts cellular replication by starving the cell of crucial cellular precursors. 3, 4 DHFR is found in many pathogenic microorganisms including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, it remains relatively unexplored in Mtb, an obligate pathogen. World Health Organization has estimated 6.1 million cases of tuberculosis in the year 2014. 5 A rigid cell wall barrier and the ability to remain dormant are major hurdles in the treatment of TB. Issues such as subclinical persistence and development of resistance emphasize the need for new molecules which could act via unique mechanisms and


In the 21st Century,as the "people oriented" educational idea enjoys popular support gradually,the proposition to establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students has also entered the field of educational research.As far as Vocal discipline,a particular subject,is concerned,this proposition is very important.In vocal teaching,harmonious relations between teachers and students is one of the key factors to promote teaching,and on the other hand,vocal music teaching can make teacher-student relationship more harmonious.This is inseparable from the characteristics of vocal teaching.Vocal teaching is not only imparting knowledge,but also the emotional exchanges,and the final point of teaching will get representation in students' voice and emotion so that both teachers and students enjoy success.This paper presents three characteristics of vocal music teaching,imparting knowledge,emotional exchange,and resonance exchange,proving further that vocal teaching can further promote harmonious relations between teachers and students.


Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) technique is frequently used on aboveground storage tanks (AST) to detect volume of metal-loss due to corrosion on steel plates. Identifying the shape of detected defects in turn would lead to a better maintenance plan. Using the system described in this paper classification between three classes of defect is achieved; classes are defined depending on physical characteristics, size and shape. Signals are end-pointed and presented to the classifier in a holistic manner. The achieved accuracy is 96.7% identifying the class of emulated defects over a set of 553 recordings.


The catalytic enantioselective Michael addition of α,β-unsaturated ketones with malononitrile was well established using rare-earth metal amides RE[N(SiMe3)2]3 (RE = Y, Eu, Sm, Nd, La) with chiral phenoxy-functionalized TsDPEN ligands. The combination of lanthanum amide La[N(SiMe3)2]3 and chiral TsDPEN ligand H3L1 [H3L1 = N-((1R,2R)-2-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)amino)-1,2-diphenylethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide] in a 1:1.5 molar ratio was proved to be the optimal partner in THF, which provided the desired β-carbonyl dinitriles in excellent yields and good to high enantioselectivities after 12 h at -15 °C.


Powder spray coating was used for many applications such as paint decoration and protection against corrosive environments. The electrostatic spray method is used to lower the manufacturing cost and the environmental effect during the production process. It is done by electrostatic device and spray gun to create a layer on the substrate to play a protective role. Different dry powders were mixed to form a composite mixture consisted of Al2O3 and SiC or ZrSiO4 with Al powder as a binder. The powders mixture was deposited by electrostatic spray technique with a high voltage of 15 kV on a low carbon steel substrate of (40 x 10 x 4) mm in dimensions. Two groups of mixtures were used to form the coating layers. Powders of Al2O3 with (20 and 40) weight percent (wt%) of SiC as the first group and (20 and 40) wt% of ZrSiO4 as the second group were used. 5 wt% of Al powder was added as a binder, and the samples were heat treated at 900 C° for 2 hours. A detailed characterization of the composite coating layers was performed using XRD, SEM, and EDX, as well as, micro-hardness measurements. The obtained surface composite layers were smooth and having good particle distribution which leads to enhance roughness values (Ra). Furthermore, the hardness increased with increasing the amount of carbide and zirconia, and the obtained layers show no presence of defects or cracks.


In a drive device of a drive rod fitting (4) of a window, a drive gear (7) arranged behind a wing flap (8) is mounted and screwed from a folded side of a wing (2). Fixing screws (21, 24) are screwed by the drive gear (7) through the wing flap (8) in a rosette (9) of a handle (6). The drive device is particularly reliably protected against manipulation.


The Bruss-Robertson inequality gives a bound on the maximal number of elements of a random sample whose sum is less than a specified value, and the extension of that inequality which is given here neither requires the independence of the summands nor requires the equality of their marginal distributions. A review is also given of the applications of the Bruss-Robertson inequality, especially the applications to problems of combinatorial optimization such as the sequential knapsack problem and the sequential monotone subsequence selection problem.


The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting self-selected walking speed of hemiplegic patients. The relationships between the static and the dynamic balance scores and selfselected walking speed of the hemiplegic patients were investigated. Thirty male patients had stroke and were able to walk independently participated in this study. Their mean age was 53.3 ± 6.6 years. The mean time since stroke was 8.5 ± 2.2 months. Their mean total body weight was 66.14 ± 8.75 Kg. All patients were assessed for the stability index (SI), the dynamic limits of stability (DLOS), the weight bearing on the paretic and the non-paretic lower extremities and the speed of self-selected walking speed. Pearson correlations were used to measure the relationship between static and dynamic balance scores and the self-selected walking speed of the hemiplegic patients on a level surface. Other correlations were done between the scores of balance, stability index and the dynamic limits of stability (SI and DLOS) and the weight bearing on the paretic and non-paretic lower extremities. The results of this study showed that there was extremely significant negative correlation between the mean score of the stability index and the self-selected walking speed, at P <0.0001. There was extremely significant positive correlation between the mean score of the dynamic limits of stability and the self-selected walking speed, at P<0.0001. There was a negative significant correlation between the stability index (SI) and the weight on the paretic lower extremity, P <0.03. There was a positive highly significant correlation between the stability index (SI) and the weight bearing on the non-paretic lower extremity, P <0.006. There were no correlation between the dynamic limits of stability (DLOS) and either the weight bearing on the paretic or the non-paretic lower extremities, P <0.25, <0.07 respectively. This revealed that the disturbance of weight bearing on the affected and the non-affected lower extremities affecting the balance, which in turn, affecting the self-selected walking speed of the hemiplegic patients.


Courtly love is a new model of male - female relations that was developed by noblemen and noblewomen, together with troubadours. It advocated the paramount importance of love, the equality of the sexes, the illicit love, and so on. It not only boldly modified the traditional concept of women, but also helped the women of Western Europe in the Middle Ages to rise from their humble status, and encouraged the improvement of the relationship between man and woman.


In the last four decades, there has been a steady trend toward the use of ground improvement as a countermeasure against the hazard of liquefaction. It is well understood that sites with ground improvement suffer less ground deformation and subsidence than adjacent, unimproved areas. However, the lack of quantitative performance data has inhibited the development of empirical relationships between site design parameters such as remediation zone depth and lateral extent and site performance parameters such as ground and building settlement for a given level of earthquake shaking. To date, we have compiled over 90 case histories on the performance of improved sites from 14 earthquakes in Japan, Taiwan, Turkey, and the United States. The collection of field case histories, as the first step towards a greater understanding of the performance of improved soil sites during earthquakes, are summarized in this paper. The field case histories cover a wide range of improvement methods, from conventional densification methods like sand compaction piles to less common lateral restraint-based methods such as sheet pile walls or deep soil mixing grids. The collected data indicate that improved sites generally performed well. About 10 percent of the surveyed sites required significant post-earthquake remediation, repair or demolition. Unacceptable performance designations resulted most often for excessive ground deformations in the presence of a severe lateral spreading hazard or because of an insufficient remediation zone depth.


[Objective] To understand the status of injury-related death,injury characteristics and years of life lost among residents in Gaomi,to provide a scientific basis for making practical prevention and control measures.[Methods]Injury-related death data investigated from 2004 to 2005 which was the 3rd national retrospective study of cause of death in Gaomi were analyzed.[Results]Altogether 1 197 injury-related death cases were reported from 2004 to 2005,the annual average mortality rate was 70.26/105,standardized mortality rate was 64.38/105.Average annual mortality was 100.37/105 and 40.08/105 in male and female(P0.01).It was 26.60/105,68.87/105,63.09/105,84.99/105,274.59/105 in the people aged from 0 to 14,15 to 34,35 to 54,55 to 74 and over 75 years old(P0.01).Major causes of injury-related death were traffic accidents(559),suicide(212),drowning(135),potential years of life lost(PYLL)of injury-related death was 31 002.5 person-years,the working years of potential life lost(WYPLL)was 36 363.90 person-years.[Conclusion]The injury-related death rate is at a general level in Gaomi city,the main causes of injury-related death are traffic accidents and suicide.


Color-fleshed potatoes 'Hong-young' and 'Ja-young' were developed by RDA, and it has reported that they have high content of anthocyanin. Additionally they show higher radical scavenging activity compared to white or yellow fleshed potatoes. So it will be expected that the consumption of color-fleshed potatoes gradually increase by pre-peeled potatoes and color potato chips. This study was conducted to enhance the utilization of the tuber of color-fleshed potatoes. At first, we isolated four compounds from the organic solvents soluble layer in ethanol extract of tuber, and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods and by comparing their data to those in the literature. Their structures were characterized to be caffeic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), gallic acid (3) and protocatechuic acid (4) for the first time reported from this source. These compounds were already reported ingredients but considered to exhibit a high physiological activity. The quantitative determination on the four compounds in tuber of color-fleshed [Hong-young (HY) & Ja-young (JY)] and white-fleshed [Superior (SP)] potatoes samples were measured using HPLC. The concentration of caffeic acid in each total fractionations of HY (184.4 g/g) and JY (435.1 g/g) were higher than in total fractionation of SP (31.1). The concentration of gallic acid in each total fractionations of HY (282.1 g/g) and JY (315.2 g/g) were higher than in total fractionation of SP (143.3 g/g). The concentration of chlorogenic acid contents appeared to be highest in total fractionation of SP (954.2 g/g). The concentration of protocatechuic acid in total fractionation of HY (120.3 g/g) was higher than in each total fractionationss of JY (74.4 g/g) and SP (102.7 g/g). Overall, color-fleshed potatoes had higher amount of physicochemical properties than 'Superior'. Therefore, color-fleshed potatoes are expected to be highly valuable items for the development and applications of a functional food. In addition, these results will provide fundamental information for improving sitological value, and breeding of new cultivar.


Stock returns have a mixed distribution, which describes Gaussian and non-Gaussian characteristics of the stock return distribution, according to the solution of the Schrodinger equation for the quantum harmonic oscillator. As a model for the market force, A quantum harmonic oscillator which uses a stock return from short-run oscillations to long-run equilibrium will be suggested. We will calculate fitting errors and goodness of fit statistics by analysing the All-Share Index of the National Stock Exchange of India.


Bi–material atomic force microscope cantilevers have been used extensively over the last 15 years as physical, chemical, and biological sensors. As a thermal sensor, the static deflection of bi–material cantilevers due to the mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion between the two materials has been used to measure temperature changes as small as 10−5 K, heat transfer rate as small as 40 pW, and energy changes as small as 10 fJ. Bi–material cantilevers have also been use to measure "heat transfer - distance" curves a heat transfer analogy of the force–distance curves obtained using atomic force microscopes. In this work, we concentrate on characterization of heat transfer from the microcantilever. The two quantities that we focus on are the thermal conductance of the cantilever, Gcant (units WK−1 ), and the thermal conductance due to microscale convection from the cantilever to the ambient fluid, Gconv (units WK−1 ). The deflection of the cantilever to changes in its thermal environment is measured using the shift in position, on a position sensitive detector, of a laser beam focused at the tip of the cantilever. By determining the response of the microcantilever to (1) uniform temperature rise of the ambient, and (2) change in power absorbed at the tip, the thermal conductance of heat transfer from the cantilever can be determined. When the experiment is performed at low enough ambient pressure so that convection is unimportant (i 0.1 Pa), Gcant can be measured. When the experiment is performed at atmospheric pressure the heat transfer coefficient due to convection from the cantilever can be determined.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Wuhan is rich in tourism and leisure tourism resources with numerous large and medium-sized tourism products,but the development of yacht tourism starts late.The development of Wuhan yacht industry has the advantage conditions of legal protection,policy support,economy industrial chain,the strength of ship manufacture and so on,but compared with coastal yacht cities,there are still quite great differences.It is necessary to promote the development of Wuhan yacht tourism industry by way of making full use of Wuhan city resources and advantages from the four angles,namely the diversification of marketing mode,the popularity of yacht concept,the improvement of management regulations and the related construction of infrastructure and so on to promote the development of Wuhan yacht tourism industry.


The paved cracks are one of the major concerns for scientists and engineers in road maintenance and damage evaluation study. Digital image processing applications have been applied in road surface inspection, classification, and decomposition of paved roads. This paper has tested and proposed the process to evaluate the road cracks and their possible solution as we know that the key issues for analysis are enhancement and segmentation of image along with edge detection to attain the promising results we have gained and discussed under the heading of simulations for the experimental and numerical of crack detection. Using MATLAB, we examine the various gray-level image using better techniques based on their computational capability. The method is based upon one of the histogram modification techniques, which is coupled with the segmentation method and the crack edge detection. At last, three feature methods are used, namely, Harris, MSERF, and SURF, to wind up our research.


The paper describes the observation of an event which is believed to be an example of the production and decay of a postulated hyperon with strangeness minus three.


3565 Background: Interferon-β has anti-tumor properties against a variety of malignancies through direct cytotoxicity as well as immunological effects. In order to circumvent limitations of IFN-β t...


In typical optical sensor setups for CO2 laser material processing there are scraper mirrors or beam selectors used to allow sensor positions, which have an coaxial path for both the laser beam and the monitored visible or near- infrared signal. For the monitoring and controlling of the laser welding process it is of interest to get information on the plasma stability. A two color photodiode sensor which has been successfully tested for quality monitoring of both cutting and ablation has been used for welding in order to find correlations between the sensor signal and the quality of the weld seam. Results and comparisons between cutting and welding will be presented.


Low‐resolution objective‐prism spectra (1360 Å mm−1 at Hγ) of 184 late‐type stars in the Galactic antirotation direction have been obtained with the Curtis Schmidt telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter‐American Observatory. The stars have been classified into three groups: F6–G2, G3–K0, and K1–M8. Subsequent observations on the BV and DDO systems have been obtained. The correlation between the thin‐prism classes and the DDO classes is as expected, with no significant systematic differences of note. A comparison of Guide Star Catalog magnitudes, corrected to V, is also made, with favorable results. The stars in this list are expected to be useful for studying the structure and star formation history of the Milky Way.


Reentry of children to foster care after they have been discharged to their families has been a concern of child welfare policy makers, practitioners, and researchers for many years. In this study, I use administrative data on a large cohort of children who were returned to their families to explore the effects of selected child, family, and foster care system factors on reentry. Child's age at discharge from care, race, health problems, and family's eligibility for an Aid to Families with Dependent Children grant were found to be associated with the hazard of reentry. The child's experience while in care, including placement setting at time of discharge, length of time in care, and placement stability, is also related to reentry. These findings are examined in light of research on family reunification. Difficulties in conducting research on foster care reentry are also discussed.


Thyroid hormones have major effects on the heart and palpitations and irregular heart rhythms are frequent symptoms caused by hyperthyroidism. Because of this, hyperthyroidism is associated with increased cardiac problems and can lead to death related to heat disease. This study examines the effect of radioactive iodine therapy and surgery on long-term heart disease outcomes in patients with Graves' disease and toxic multinodular goiter and the relationship of these outcomes to posttreatment thyroid status.


For accurate surgical procedures of oral soft lesions, it is essential to prevent bleeding of the surgical site. High power diode laser gains attention recently as a new measurement because of being compact, portable and almost equivalent to the conventional Nd:YAG laser. We used high power diode laser device (3W) which was developed by Osada Electrics Industry Company. The cutting edge is relatively clear because of it's fine fiber tip 0.1 mm spot size). The major advantages are more excellent hemostasis and minimal thermal damage to surrounding tissues. However, the weak point is unsuitable to dissect a lesion from around connective tissues. Therefore, all our laser procedures were performed in combination with using surgical scissors, mucoperiosteal membrane elevator. First, circumferential incision around each lesion is carried out by moving a laser spot and. created about 1.5mm-depth necrotized layer . Next, surgical scissors or mucoperiosteal membrane elevator is inserted into the necrotized layer and bluntly dissected away the lesion. If necessary, these procedures should be repeated. Following the extirpation, the wound is closed with interrupted sutures except ranulas. Our technique was used for 10 oral lesions consisted of 3 ranulas, 6 mucous cysts and a small carvenous hemangioma. The results may be summarized as follows: (1) By following our technique, we could completely remove 10 lesions without rupturing the cystic walls and a hemangioma. (2) This laser was useful for cosmetic procedures because of the minimal thermal damage to the surrounding tissue. (3) The laser wounds healed slower than ordinary blade. Clinically, however, they appear to heal with minimal post-operative pain and no scarring. (4) We feel that this diode laser is a suitable tool in treatment of oral soft lesions together with using surgical scissors and mucoperiosteal membrane elevator. However, care should be taken to avoid production of a char layer. 緒言 口腔の軟組織の手術は出血をいかに抑えるか が大切である。また 口唇の手術は審美的配慮が 必要である。今回、私たちは、小型で接触型の オサダ社製3W高 出力半導体 レーザ装置を粘液 嚢胞な ど口腔軟組織の手術に応用 し、有用で し たので報告す る。


................................................................................................................................... 3 Statement of work .................................................................................................................... 4 List of publications and presentations relevant to this thesis ...................................................... 5 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 7 Table of


OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC method for determining the contents of erianin and related constituent chrysotobibenzyl in Erianin emulsion injection. METHODS Agilent EclipseXDB-C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile-water(30∶ 30∶ 40), the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and the detective wavelength was 232 nm. RESULTS Erianin and its related constituent chrysotobibenzyl were separated completely in Erianin emulsion injection. The calibration curves of both erianin and chrysotobibenzyl showed good linearity in the range of 5.562 5-89.0 μg·mL-1 and 9.292?46.462 μg·mL-1, respectively(erianin: Y=13 504X+2 146.6, r=0.999 9; chrysotobibenzyl: Y=14.033 1X+2.388 6, r=0.999 9). The average recovery of erianin and chrysotobibenzyl was 100.8% and 99.82%, respectively. CONCLUSION The method is accurate, sensitive and with high specific, it can be applied for determining the contents of erianin as well as its related constituent chrysotobibenzyl in Erianin emulsion injection.


On behalf of the Organizing Committee, it is our pleasure to welcome you to Boise, Idaho, USA, and the 2012 IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2012). The Midwest Symposium is the longest-running symposium sponsored by the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. Throughout its history, it has provided a forum for researchers and educators to share their enthusiasm and results in the Circuits and Systems area. This year's Symposium focuses on the latest trends in circuits and systems research and the increasing impetus towards multi-disciplinary research. The Symposium features sessions on trends in developing nanoscale devices as well as in new technologies for circuits and systems.


The sea surface temperature (SST) in the subpolar North Atlantic decreased during the past century, a remarkable feature known as the "warming hole (WH)." It is commonly claimed that the WH results from the slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. However, using an ensemble of the Community Earth System Model coupled to a slab ocean model simulation, we show the atmosphere alone can account for ∼50% of the observed cooling trend in the subpolar North Atlantic and ∼90% of the cooling relative to the temperature change of the global ocean. We find this cooling is caused by increased local westerlies in response to external forcing that enhance heat loss from the ocean through turbulent heat fluxes. This cooling is partly compensated by the damping in SST and the warming due to the rise of greenhouse gases. We further suggest that wind‐driven ocean processes can enhance the cooling in the real world, but that nonetheless the ultimate driver resides in the atmosphere.


Recently, fog computing has emerged as an attractive research topic, which extends the cloud computing paradigm to the edge of networks. It is envisioned that traditional cloud computing gradually fail to fully meet the requirements of evergrowing large-scale mobile services due to potential problems, such as high service latency, lack of location-awareness and user mobility support. Compared to cloud computing, fog computing can address these problems by utilizing elastic resources (e.g., computation, storage and networking) of edge nodes (i.e., fog nodes) to provide enhanced service quality with increased network capacity and low latency. However, due to the limited resources of the edge nodes, especially for resource-poor mobile devices, there are strict constraints on energy conservation. As an efficient way, wireless communication at a short distance could be exploited to reduce energy consumption for resource-poor mobile devices in fog computing. In addition, it's crucial to improve the utilization of edge nodes and guarantee that mobile devices can access to the edge nodes rapidly. In this paper, by leveraging social networking and Device-to-device (D2D) communication, we are motivated to propose a novel paradigm of mobile caching network with energy-efficient edge nodes, called CachinMobile. Performance evaluation is carried out to verify that CachinMobile can considerably improve energy efficiency, and meanwhile, maintain satisfying QoS.


X iv :2 10 8. 04 95 5v 1 [ he pph ] 1 0 A ug 2 02 1 Resonant photoproduction of ultrarelativistic electron-positron pairs on a nucleus in strong monochromatic light field Sergei P. Roshchupkin,∗ Nikita R. Larin, and Victor V. Dubov Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Abstract For complete development of quantum electrodynamics in the presence of a strong external field, the proper understanding of resonant processes and all their peculiarities is essential. We present our attempt to analytically investigate the resonant case of laser-assisted electron-positron pair photoproduction on a nucleus. Due to the presence of external field, the intermediate virtual particle may become real, herewith the second order process in the fine structure constant effectively reduces into the two successive first order processes. All inherent kinematics features were discussed in details and the resonant differential cross section was obtained. We established that the resonant energies of produced particles ambiguously depend on the positron (channel A) or electron (channel B) outgoing angle, and the certain minimal amount of absorbed wave photons are required for resonance to happen. Furthermore, the resonant cross section significantly exceeds the corresponding one in the absence of the external field within the particular kinematic regions and consequently, the considered process can be used qua a marker for probing theoretical predictions of quantum electrodynamics with strong background field.


Verbs, modifying words (in terms of traditional grammar adjectives/adverbs), pronouns, nominal groups are subjected to substantivization in the Yenisseic languages (Ket, Yugh, Kott). Substantivized forms are marked with a special suffix, nominalizer, having formal similarity in all the three languages under study.


Craft fairs are spaces where artisans can exhibit their artistic pieces and interact with the public, however this activity is always affected by external factors, such as weather, stoppages, health situation (due to covid-19), among others. This proposal is an innovative contribution to this problem that makes technology available to support this sector. Through a Web platform that incorporates a 3D interface, the craftsman will reach his audience without having to leave his home, since it simulates the environment of a craft fair where you can browse and see the crafts in its 360°, admiring each detail as if the user were in person. The technological infrastructure includes a catalog of all the pieces offered by the artisans and contact details. A filter facilitates the search for parts according to established criteria. The proposal has validations and various functional tests that show the technical feasibility and usability tests that demonstrate its usefulness and ease of use.


Deuber (2006) investigated variation in spoken Nigerian Pidgin data by educated speakers and found no evidence for a continuum of lects between Nigerian Pidgin and English. Many speakers, however, speak both languages, and both are in close contact with each other, which keeps the question of the nature of their relationship on the agenda. This paper investigates 67 conversations in Nigerian English by educated speakers as they occur in the International Corpus of English, Nigeria (ice-Nigeria, Wunder et al., 2010), using the variability in copula usage as a test bed. Implicational scaling, network analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis reveal that the use of variants is not randomly distributed over speakers. Particular clusters of speakers use particular constellations of variants. A qualitative investigation reveals this complex situation as a continuum of style, with code-switching as one of the stylistic devices, motivated by such social factors as formality, setting, participants and interpersonal relationships.


Purpose : In February 2007, an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections occurred in two newborns in the neonatal unit of Sahmyook Seoul Hospital. We performed this study to investigate the characteristics of MRSA nasal carriage among neonatal unit staffs and the effective infection control measures. Methods : Nasal swab specimens were obtained from the neonatal unit staff for the presence of MRSA. MRSA-colonized staffs were offered decolonization therapy with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or 2% mupirocin ointment. Every 2-4 months after decolonizaton, repeat nasal swab specimens were obtained. Also, samples from the neonatal unit environment and room air were collected. Results : Successful decolonization was achieved in 92% of the cases in 2 weeks after decolonization therapy, but most of the staffs were recolonized after several months. The nature of antibiotic susceptibility was changed from multi-drugsusceptible to multi-drug-resistant. The most frequently contaminated objects were dressing carts, computer keyboards, bassinets and washbowls. In environmental cultures using the settle microbe count method, the colony counts were decreased significantly at the last study period compared with the first study period in the neonatal room, breastfeeding room, service room, and dressing room (P<0.05). Conclusion : Effective control of sustained MRSA transmission within an institution may require prompt identification, treatment, and monitoring of colonized and/or infected staffs. However, nasal decolonization therapy may induce multi-drugresistant MRSA infection and had no effect on decreasing the MRSA nasal carriage rate in our study. Other factors might be more important, such as improving staff education, increasing hand hygiene practices, and environmental sterilization for controlling MRSA infections. (Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis 2009;16:131-141)


The evolution of high current electron beams in dense plasmas has been investigated by using two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations with immobile ions. It is shown that electron beams are split into many filaments at the beginning due to the Weibel instability, and then different filamentation beams attract each other and coalesce. The profile of the filaments can be described by formulas. Hammer et al. [Phys. Fluids 13, 1831 (1970)] developed a self-consistent relativistic electron beam model that allows the propagation of relativistic electron fluxes in excess of the Alfven-Lawson critical-current limit for a fully neutralized beam. The equilibrium solution has been observed in the simulation results, but the electron distribution function assumed by Hammer et al. is different from the simulation results.


The outdoor integrated digital photography and image processing (O-IDIP) method developed by the author is applied to a west-facing building facade at Balliol College, University of Oxford, UK. Digital photographs were taken close-up in a transect along the wall. A total of 50 samples were taken using a Gretagmacbeth ColorChecker TM Color Rendition Chart for calibration of outdoor lighting conditions in one photographic session. Photographs were taken to represent areas with little variation in soiling across 1-m sections of the wall. Levels of soiling were assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively (for the perception of soiling) and numerical output was employed to substantiate perception-based ratings on a simple 5-point index of soiling (the Thornbush soiling index or TSI). More adjustments were required for contrast (rather than brightness) in the calibration process. Calibrated images had inflated lightness values, making surfaces appear less soiled, than uncalibrated images. Measured soiling corresponded well with perceived soiling based on the TSI results. In conclusion, this newly introduced simple soiling index is representative of the measured findings in this study.


This article describes the scientific basis for the effective use of domestic investment potential in the country's economy, provides a methodology for econometric assessment of domestic investment, predicts future investment and offers recommendations for effective use of domestic investment. In this research was used data for 2005–2019 years as an improved form of the Cobb-Douglas production function by J. Tinbergen on the basis of relative growth values relative to the base year of 2004. By authors have been taken into account the effect of t-periods on the impact of scientific and technological progress on economic growth at the g level and expressed it as follows.


Epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas (EHEs) of the head and neck region are uncommon malignant neoplasms that exhibit various biologic behaviors characteristic of both low‐ and high‐grade malignancy. A subgroup of EHEs identified as "high‐risk" EHEs because of their size and mitotic activity is associated with an unfavorable clinical course and poor prognosis.


Recently,the reformation of housing system in our country has made distinct effect.Housing consumption has played an important role at extending inner demand and impelling economic growth.Nowadays,to take a further step in the housing consumption,there are five key points to be done.First,establishing many administrative levels' house supplying system.Second,opening more quickly the second rank market of the real estate.Third,starting more quickly and standardizing housing renting market.Fourth,standardizing the administration of the economical and suitable housing.Fifth,positively making the housing mortgage loan worked as negotiable securities.


Most studies of amphibian communities are restricted to aquatic environments, which precludes sound descriptions of changes in composition throughout entire habitats. Moreover, few works focus on the environmental processes that shape the composition of these communities, particularly in tropical ecosystems. In this study, we investigated which environmental variables were able to predict the main changes in anuran community composition in a shrub-to-forest Restinga on the northeastern coastline of Bahia State, Brazil. In 30 plots (60 × 25 m) along a continuous Restinga area, we determined, over two consecutive rainy seasons, the abundances of anuran species and 20 primary environmental variables. We represented the main environmental gradients of the Restinga using the first axes derived from a principal component analysis (PCA) of the matrix of environmental variables. We represented the main changes in community composition using a synthetic axis built by applying the nonmetric multidimensional scaling technique (NMS) on the matrix of species abundances. We then evaluated, using a multiple linear regression test, which environmental gradients, if any, were able to explain changes in community composition. We recorded 737 anurans, belonging to 8 families, 17 genera, and 30 species. Five orthogonal environmental gradients were extracted, representing ca. 80% of the variance of the matrix of environmental variables; the first PC represented the covariation among the amount of leaves in the stratum from 6 to 10 m high, percentage of leaf litter, percentage of terrestrial bromeliads with direct sunlight, number of terrestrial bromeliads, and soil moisture. The NMS axis explained 50% of the variance of the abundance matrix and ordered the plots through the sequence (1) beach zone, (2) arboreal vegetation with temporary ponds and/or permanent lakes, (3) arboreal vegetation with rivers or streams, and (4) arboreal vegetation without bodies of water. Only PC1, which represented a shrub-to-forest gradient, was significantly related to the NMS axis. The change on plant communities, allied to soil moisture and type of water body, was the most important environmental factor acting on the structure of the anuran community herein studied.


Abstract. In the character table of a finite group there is a tendency either for the character degree to divide the conjugacy class size or the character value to vanish. There is also a partial divisibility where the determinant of the character is not 1. There are versions of these depending on a subgroup, based on an arithmetic property of spherical functions which generalizes the integrality of the values of the characters and the central characters.


This article explores the science image of Preservice Prymary Teachers. These,belonging to different degrees program, are going to teach scientific subjects in PrimaryEducation. The research, which involved 1260 students, was conducted over three academicyears, between 2008 and 2011. This study is based on the analysis of a questionnaire modifiedfrom INPECIP. It shows that the participants do not have a clear understanding of howscientific knowledge is generated and evolve. Roughly, the image of science does not depend ongender or if their Secondary studies was related to scientific disciplines. Neither depends onthe specific Primary Teacher Program degree. Nevertheless, nuance differences are detected,and discussed in this paper.


We have characterized a simplified method to determine the relative thermal stability of single‐chain antibodies by following the irreversible denaturation of scFv fusions on the surface of yeast by flow cytometry. The method was highly reproducible and correlated well with other methods used to monitor thermal denaturation of the soluble proteins. We found a range of thermal stabilities for wild‐type single‐chain antibodies with half‐maximum denaturation temperatures between 43 and 61 °C. The ability to quantitate thermal stability of antibodies or other proteins that are immobilized on the surface of yeast allows rapid comparisons of primary structural information with stability. Thermal denaturation could be a useful parameter to consider in the choice of scFv fragments for various applications.


Four cases of mycetoma are described from the Sudan. The first is an authentic case due to Curvularia lunata. The others were due to Madurella grisea, Aspergillus nidulans and Nocardia brasiliensis.


WITH ALL OF THE PUBLICITY ILLEGAL PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS HAVE RECEIVED OF LATE, IT SOMETIME IS FORGOTTEN THAT THERE ARE LEGAL SUPPLEMENTS AVAILABLE THAT CAN HELP ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE. THIS COLUMN SUMMARIZES A REVIEW/COMMENTARY ON BUFFERING WITH SODIUM BICARBONATE OR SODIUM CITRATE AND HOW IT CAN BE USED TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE.


The controversy that raged through the 1950s-1970s over similarities and differences between meteorite impact and volcanic processes is revisited in this paper. We propose that there are quantitative similarities in erosion caused by high-speed ejecta produced by either impacts or volcanic processes. Field and petrographic data from the Manicouagan impact crater, Canada, are used to demonstrate that during the emplacement of the impact melt. sheet, erosion occurred at a rate of--2562 kg m -2 s -1 . Field data for the Mount St. Helens lateral blast of May 18, 1980, suggest an erosion rate of 2! kg m -2 s -1 , and field data for a small pyroclastic flow on August 7, 1980, suggest an erosion rate of--14 kg m - s -1. It is proposed that these three rates were determined dominantly by the momentum of the ejecta, and a quantitative formulation based on lofting theory is given. A new application of the Monte Carlo approach to analysis provides minimum, most likely, and maximum estimates for both the field and the theoretical analyses. The substantial erosion that occurs by fast moving flows results in mixing of stratigraphic components over large distances and to very fine scales.


To investigate the possible isosteric replacement of imidazolidinone moiety in 4-phenyl-N-arylsulfonylimidazolidinone for broad and potent anticancer agents, a series of 4-phenyl-l(N)-arylsulfonylimidazolidinones 6a-k, imidazolidinethione analogs 7a-i, and imidazolidine oxime analogs 8a-c were prepared and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against four human cancer cell lines (human lung A549, human colon COLO205, human leukemia K562, human ovary SK-OV-3). Among all the derivatives of N-arylsulfonylimidazolidinone 6a-k, compounds 6f and 6g showed the best inhibition comparable to doxorubicin against all cancer cell lines. Increasing the carbon chain on alkyl moieties of carbamates as shown in 6c-g did not alter the activity. The imidazolidinethione analogs 7a-i and imidazolidin-2-one oxime derivatives 8a-c did not possess any good activity. Therefore, imidazolidinone moiety is the best pharmacophore among the 4-phenyl-Narylsulfonylimidazolidinone derivatives.


In this paper, a hydraulic volumetric vibration mechanism is considered analytically, and the interaction between the drive system and the oscillation system of the vibration mechanism is investigated through mathematical modeling. In particular, the kinematic generator impact, which combines the drive and oscillation systems into a single dynamic system and leads to strong, stable oscillations, is studied. The sinusoidal and rectangular laws of kinematic generator are considered. The study implies a method of stabilization of the vibration machine working in over resonance zone close to the resonance by including an additional generator, adjusted to imply impulses which exclude the interaction in the vibration machine.


The fruits of Chinese dwarf cherry (Cerasus humilis (Bge.) Sok.), which is unique to China, can be canned and used to make products such as jam and wine. They also contain abundant bioactive compounds, including cinnamoylquinic acids and flavonoids. However, there has been no systematic study on the functional compounds in these fruits. In this study, the polyphenol compounds of 28 different genotypes of Chinese dwarf cherry in Liaoning province were systematically characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and HPLC coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 31 polyphenols, including 6 anthocyanins, 7 cinnamoylquinic acids, 1 flavone, and 17 flavonols, were identified, and 23 of these compounds were detected in Chinese dwarf cherry for the first time. In addition, 4 genotypes showed higher total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities. It may be advantageous to use these 4 genotypes for commercial processing of Chinese dwarf cherry fruits into healthcare products. The results of this study will improve understanding of the chemical mechanism of polyphenols formation and lay the foundation for selective functional composition breeding in Chinese dwarf cherry.


The unique eclipsing, weak-lined T Tauri star KH 15D has been detected as an X-ray source in a 95.7 ks exposure from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory archives. A maximum X-ray luminosity of 1.5 × 1029 ergs s-1 is derived in the 0.5-8 keV band, corresponding to LX/Lbol = 7.5 × 10-5. Comparison with samples of stars of similar effective temperature in NGC 2264 and in the Orion Nebula cluster shows that this value is about an order of magnitude lower than that for a typical star of its mass and age. We argue that the relatively low luminosity cannot be attributed to absorption along the line of sight but implies a real deficiency in X-ray production. Possible causes for this are considered in the context of a recently proposed eccentric binary model for KH 15D. In particular, we note that the visible component rotates rather slowly for a weak-lined T Tauri star and has possibly been pseudosynchronized by tidal interaction with the primary near periastron.


This essay describes the formation of the pedagogical project of the MST, since its foundation in 1979, until the formation of production cooperatives. From 1990, a new strategy brings the slogan "resist and produce" in the lands that are conquered in its fight. Later, the necessity of the permanent conservation and renewal of the so called countryside culture is discussed, as well as the direct entailing of the daily problems present in school disciplines.

 Keywords: Landless Workers Movement - MST. Technical formation. Young people.


The utility model relates to an infrared human body movement identifying and counting device, which is used for identifying whether a single person or double persons gets in and out. The infrared human body movement identifying and counting device comprises an infrared sensor module, a signal conversion module, a signal processing module and a display output module, the infrared sensor module consists of six infrared sensors, each two infrared sensors are grouped so that the six infrared sensors are divided into three groups, one group of the infrared sensors is mounted on one side of a door while the other two groups are mounted at positions close to two sides of the top of the door, when persons pass through the door, the infrared sensors sense the persons and lead outputted electric signals to be changed, whether a single person or double persons get in and out of the door can be judged according to a change sequence of the six signals, in and out directions of each person can be identified, and further the infrared human body movement identifying and counting device counts according judgment results and displays output. The infrared human body movement identifying and counting device is applied to occasions needing to count persons, such as classrooms, offices, buses, supermarkets and the like, is wide in application prospect, and has higher market potential ad practical value.


The present invention relates to a wheel axle bearing for a multi-link suspension, especially automobile axle carrier, characterized in that, the shaft support portion each have a guard means for receiving each of the wheels of the drive means.


To extract flavonoids in loquat flowers preferably,firstly the single factors which affected the extraction of flavonoids in loquat flowers including solvent,temperature,time and solid/liquid ratio were investigated respectively. Then the orthogonal test of temperature,solid/liquid ratio and time was carried on thereafter,by which the best extraction pa-rameters were obtained,i.e. extracting in water at temperature 100℃,solid/liquid ratio 1:30 and extracting time 3 h. Under this condition the extract rate resulted in 16.01%,which meant 160.1 mg total flavonoids per gram of dry loquat flowers.


A multi-type air-conditioner comprising: an outdoor unit installed outdoors, and a compressor mounted inside the outdoor unit; a plurality of indoor units respectively installed in each room, there is an electronic expansion valve and an indoor heat exchanger; distribution the refrigerant, a gas-liquid separator at a separation from the outdoor unit, according to the working conditions, to selectively separate the refrigerant into a plurality of indoor units; a first connection pipe to guide the refrigerant from the outdoor unit to the dispensing the gas-liquid separator vessel; and a second connection pipe to guide the refrigerant from the distributor to the outdoor unit; and a converting section of the outdoor unit, comprising: a first four-way valve, is provided to the discharge side of the compressor, selectively converting the refrigerant flows into the outdoor heat exchanger; a second four-way valve, which is arranged to coincide with the first four-way conversion valve for connecting the first tube holding portion to which the high-pressure flow of high-pressure refrigerant; and the second low-pressure flow connection tube holding portion which is a low-pressure refrigerant, which can separate room optimal treatment conditions.


We present a simple and quick method to approximate network centrality indexes. Our approach, called QuickCent, is inspired by so-called fast and frugal heuristics, which are heuristics initially proposed to model some human decision and inference processes. The centrality index that we estimate is the harmonic centrality, which is a measure based on shortest-path distances, so infeasible to compute on large networks. We compare QuickCent with known machine learning algorithms on synthetic data generated with preferential attachment, and some empirical networks. Our experiments show that QuickCent is able to make estimates that are competitive in accuracy with the best alternative methods tested, either on synthetic scale-free networks or empirical networks. QuickCent has the feature of achieving low error variance estimates, even with a small training set. Moreover, QuickCent is comparable in efficiency -- accuracy and time cost -- to those produced by more complex methods. We discuss and provide some insight into how QuickCent exploits the fact that in some networks, such as those generated by preferential attachment, local density measures such as the in-degree, can be a proxy for the size of the network region to which a node has access, opening up the possibility of approximating centrality indices based on size such as the harmonic centrality. Our initial results show that simple heuristics and biologically inspired computational methods are a promising line of research in the context of network measure estimations.


The KEK electron/positron linac is a 600-m-long injector that provides the beams with different energy to four independent storage rings. The non-destructive beam position monitor (BPM) is an indispensable diagnostic tool for a long-term stable beam operation. In the KEK linac, about one hundred BPMs with the four strip-line type electrodes are utilized for the beam orbit and charge measurement. The measured beam orbit data is utilized for the beam orbit and energy feedback loops. The present data acquisition (DAQ) system for BPM comprises the twenty four fast digital oscilloscopes. They can work as a WindowsXP-based EPICS IOC. Toward the SuperKEKB project, the upgrade of injector linac is going on for increasing the beam intensity and reducing the emittance. The electron beam emittance will be reduced one-fifth smaller than that of former KEKB project by using a new rf gun. The measurement precision of beam position is strongly required for the low emittance beam transport. Two new DAQ systems are under development as a candidate aiming at the measurement precision of 10 m. In this paper, the system description and the result of performance evaluation are presented in detail.


The present paper deals with the estimation of thermal conductivity of epoxy Composites embedded with boron nitride (BN) micro-fillers. These composites with BN content ranging from 0 to 11.3 vol. % have been prepared and the thermal conductivities of the samples are measured experimentally. A numerical simulation using finite element package ANSYS is used to explain heat transfer process within epoxy matrix filled with micro-BN and the effective thermal conductivity values obtained from this method are validated with experimental results and theoretical correlation. It is observed that for 11.3 vol% of micro-BN in epoxy matrix, the increase in thermal conductivity is about 27.82 % while for 30 vol% the increase in thermal conductivity is about 440 % which is reasonably higher compared to neat epoxy resin. The results show that the BN particles show a percolation behavior at 20 vol% at which a sudden jump in thermal conductivity is noticed.


Organic semiconductors have attracted great attention offering an attractive alternative to conventional inorganic semiconductors due to lower costs, simpler synthesis and high flexibility. In this work, we fabricated a flexible organic semiconductor by incorporating multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) into insulating poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) rubber, and researched the contact properties in the metal/composite junctions. The results reveal that the contact properties depend largely on the work function of the metals and the MWNT loading of the composites. To ascertain the performance variations of the copper/composite junctions characterized by important parameters, Schottky Barrier Heights (SBHs) were measured with various MWNT loading of the composites. The SBH decreased with the increase of the MWNT loading, exceeded 0.783 eV for the 0.35 wt% composite, and shared the same changing trend with the composite Coulomb band gap as a function of the MWNT loading. A quantitative analysis of photo-voltages by the photovoltaic tests was used to verify the reliability of these SBHs. The stability test provides direct evidence that the composites possess good, durable performances at ambient temperature. This work shows that the contact properties in the metal/composite junctions cannot be neglected in the application of the composites in flexible electronics.


A compound of formula (I) wherein: R1 is hydrogen or hydroxy; R2 is C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl, or phenyl optionally substituted by halogen or C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted with halogen; R3 is C3-6cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with R4; R4 is hydrogen or phenyl optionally substituted by C1-6 alkyl, halogen, or C1-6alkoxy; oo a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or a solvate of such a salt.


Execution of any recovery procedure in compromised nodes of a Cloud should aim at covering as many nodes as possible in a given time. The authors propose an innovative approach using the concept of percolation centrality to spread the execution of a recovery procedure across adjacent nodes in a P2PCloud. Compromised networks can be large since botnets and malware infections use the advantage of the internet to spread rapidly. Using percolation centrality to choose a node from where to begin, the recovery procedure runs in parallel in different nodes which can be reached from a chosen node and spreads fast.


We examine what it means to say that certain endomorphisms of a factor (which we call equi-modular) are extendable. We obtain several conditions on an equi-modular endomorphism, and single out one of them with a purely 'subfactor flavour' as a theorem. We then exhibit the obvious example of endomorphisms satifying the condition in this theorem. We use our theorem to determine when every endomorphism in an E0-semigroup on a factor is extendable which property is easily seen to be a cocycle-conjugacy invariant of the E0-semigroup. We conclude by giving examples of extendable E0−semigroups, and by showing that the Clifford flow on the hyperfinite II1 factor is not extendable, neither is the free flow. AMS subject classification: Primary 46L55; Secondary 46L40, 46L53, 46C99


Eukaryotic mRNAs in which a poly(A) sequence precedes the initiation codon are known to exhibit a significantly enhanced cap-independent translation, both in vivo and in cell-free translation systems. Consistent with high expression levels of poxviral mRNAs, they contain poly(A) sequences at their 5′ ends, immediately before the initiation AUG codon. Here we show that poly(A) as a leader sequence in mRNA constructs promotes the recruitment of the 40S ribosomal subunits and the efficient formation of initiation complexes at cognate AUG initiation codons in the absence of two essential translation initiation factors, eIF3 and eIF4F. These factors are known to be indispensable for the cap-dependent (and ATP-dependent) mechanism of translation initiation but are shown here to be not required if an mRNA contains a 5′-proximal poly(A). Thus, the presence of a pre-AUG poly(A) sequence results in an alternative mechanism of translation initiation. It involves the binding of initiating 40S ribosomal subunits within the 5′ UTR and their phaseless, ATP-independent, diffusional movement ("phaseless wandering") along the leader sequence, with subsequent recognition of the initiation (AUG) codon.


Objective:To research the whole clinical nursing methods of inside eyes complicated abnormal vitrectomy patients.Methods:To analyze the selected ocular injuries' whole nursing program after the conventional three-incision closed vitrectomy operation for inside eyes complicated abnormal matter.Results:All the selected 24 patients passed the post-operation period stably and improved their eyesight in different level or kept.Vitrectomy bloodied,inside eyes inflamed and retinal detached and etc,which had happened in some patients all had been controlled by interfering handles.Conclusion:To pledge the operation's result and prevent complications after the operation,whole nursing plays a very important role.


life, Sophocles shared and was in his plays (especially El. and O.C.) constantly reconsidering Aeschylus' preoccupation with Justice and Fate, the relationship of Olympian and Cthonian powers, and their impact on suffering man. His resolution, W.I. holds, was in a sense more conservative than Aeschylus' in the Oresteia and is based on a concept of the hero—in Knoxian terms—as a larger than life symbol of a flawed world, faring forward to the end by a road which involves tragedy for himself and those around him. The spectacle aroused in Sophocles a profound sense of pity which he most frequently expressed in his renowned irony. Even in the O.C., where reconciliation is in the air, retaliation is still at work in Oedipus' curses (13 80 ff.) and the ancient law prevails; and it is the similarity of <j>vois between Polynices and Oedipus which helps to explain their actions. It may be, therefore, he suggests, that Oedipus earns his status as a Cthonian power by acting like the unpersuaded furies in the Oresteia; and it is noticeable that Oedipus' love for his daughter does not protect Antigone from eventual disaster. In the same way, the contrived happy ending of the Philoctetes hints at disaster to come for Neoptolemus. While the gods exist remote from disturbance, the hero is in the midst of things and pursues his god-like code with a consistency which is more than human—but being man, not god, he falls victim not so much to his own nature as to the universal misfortune which it shares.


Water, Ions and Nucleic Acids.- Structural water of nucleic acids.- Structure of xenopus laevis 5s rRNA as determined by solution data and computer graphic modeling.- Ionic effects on DNA electrostatic and elastic stability.- Copper ions at trace level and DNA functioning: studies performed with 64Cu and 67Cu.- Z-DNA transconformation: a quantum molecular approach.- Proteins as counterions of DNA: a new model of nucleoprotamine structure.- Effect of hydration and metal ions on DNA conformations studied by vibrational spectroscopy.- Showing-up the Na+ entropy of fluctuations during the DNA thermal transconformation by 23Na NMR: influence of radioprotector cysteamine.- Water, Ions and Proteins.- The central helix of calmodulin and homologs - Effects of solvent exposure on stability.- Control of protein kinase C function: an inhibitor study.- On the structure and elasticity of elastin.- Structure and dynamics of a -19kD phosphoprotein, amelogenin, from bovine tooth enamel.- Studies of protein hydration by direct NMR observation of individual protein-bound water molecules.- A role for molecular motion as a mechanism for the NMR relaxation of water protons in biological systems.- Effect of collagen crosslinking on collagen-water interaction.- Proton conductivity in hydrated proteins - Evidence for percolation.- A non-traditional role for water during electron transfer by cytochrome C oxidase.- Water, Ions and Membranes.- Ion translocation by the NA,K-pump : correlation between electrogenic events and conformational transitions.- Theoretical and experimental aspects of the specific association of monovalent ions with lipid bilayer membranes.- The role of isothermal enthalpy production in coupled solute translocation across the membrane.- Intracellular spermine modifies neuronal electrical activity.- Spectroscopic studies on the structure and aggregation of calcium ionophore, A23187.- Fura-2 imaging of intracellular free calcium dynamics in excitable cells.- Chemically driven phase separation in black lipid membranes.- A study of cadmium and calcium transport into a marine unicellular alga.- Involvement of D2O for H2O substitution in the behaviour of some excitable membranes.- Miscellaneous.- Femtosecond dynamics of single electron transfer in aqueous media and mimetic models of bioaggregates.- Bioelectrochemical properties of glutathione - A noise spectrography investigation.- Taking into account the cell water properties for the cytochemical detection of cations: embedding into melamin after pyroantimonate fixation.


Long dry period of 1991-1998 became the main prerequisite for Siberian silkworm population increase in Central Yakutia. Winters with poor precipitation in 1994-1998 decreased reproduction of insects-entomophagues. They used to pass the winter in upper layers of soil and would restrain development of the Siberian silkworm. Rich summer precipitations in 1997, 1999 that coinsided with the flying period of silkworm butterfly caused mass occupation of definite areas. Climatic factors are one of the main reasons for silkworm population decrease. One of the factors is thick snow cover that leads to reproduction of the entomophague insect.


Although sodium retention is a common coplication in advanced liver disease, the relationship between liver and kidney function in cirrhosis has not been well established. The objective of this study was to investigate this relationship in an experimental model of cirrhosis induced in phenobarbital‐treated rats by weekly intragatric adminstration of carbon terachloride. Liver function, measured by the aminopyrine breath test, and urinary sodium excretion on a constant salt diet, were measured weekly. Administation of carbon tetrachloride led to cirrhosis, sodium retention, ascites and a reduction in liver function as measured by the amino pyrine breath test in all 15 rats surviving the first 8 wk. The time to develop sodium retention (defined as a decridese in urinary sodium excretion rate to less than 0.3 mmol/24 hr) varied from 9 to 19 wk. The aminopyrine breath test rate constant of elimination was reduced from 24 × 10−3 min −2 2 × 10−3 at the start of carbon tetrachloride administration by 61% ± 10% at the time sodium retention occurrred. A linear decrease was seen in aminopyrine breath test rate constant of elimination in the weeks preceding the onset of sodium retention. Sodium retention occurred when aminopyrine breath test rate contant of elimination was reduced to a critical threshold of 10 × 10−3 ± 1 × 10−3 min−1, and then permitted to recover above this level by withdrawal of carbon tetrachloride. Sodium retention occurred when the aminopyrine breath test rate constant of elimination fell below the threshold; this was followed by spontaneous diuresis when aminopyrine breath test rate constant of elimnation in the weeks preceding the onset of sodium retention. Sodium retention occurred when aminopyrine breath test rate contant of elimination was reduced to a critical threshold of 10 × 10−3 ± 1 × 10−3 min−1, and then permitted to recover above this level by withdrawal of carbon tetrachloride. Sodium retention occurred when the aminopyrine breath test rate constant of elimination fell below the treshold: this was followed by spontaneous diuresiss when aminopyrine breath test rate constant of elimination improved above 10 × 10−3 ± 1 × 10−3 min−1. the onset of sodium retention preceded the onset of ascites in all rats. Theses results indicate a critical threshold of hepatic function in the phenobarbital, carbon terachloride model of cirrhosis, below which sodium retention followed by ascites formation occurs.(HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11:779‐786.)


PURPOSE OF THE STUDY. To determine the efficacy of prophy-lactic montelukast therapy in reducing asthma morbidity at the start of the school year. STUDY POPULATION. Patients 6 to 14 years of age with a diagnosis of asthma for a minimum of 1 year were recruited for this international study that took place in 39 US states and 3 Canadian provinces from June 2006 through November 2006. METHODS. This was a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study for patients who received either 5-mg montelukast or placebo beginning on the night before school started and continued for an 8-week period. Patients were randomly assigned during a screening period from 2 to 12 weeks before the school start date. Patients were interviewed by telephone to review symptoms, use of study medications, and need for additional ␤ agonists 4 weeks after starting school. A final study visit at 8 weeks was conducted to document daytime symptoms, " awake all night, " inhaled cortico-steroid use, increased ␤-agonist use, and visits to a health care professional or facility for asthma. Inclusion criteria included treatment of asthma within 6 months of screening and patients having at least 1 exacerbation of asthma symptoms in the previous year that were associated with a cold. Exclusion criteria included forced expiratory flow volume in 1 second below 60% of that predicted, use of systemic steroids within 4 weeks of randomization, and more than 3 hospitalizations for asthma in the previous year. Patients on treatment with a long-acting ␤ agonist or leukotriene receptor antagonist within 10 days of randomization were also excluded. RESULTS. Of 1162 patients (580 randomly assigned to the montelukast group and 582 randomized to the placebo group), no significant difference was seen for the percentage of days with worsening asthma. A trend for montelukast to reduce worsening asthma days in those who began school after August 15 was seen but was not significant. A nonsignificant trend in older children and boys favoring treatment with montelukast was also seen. CONCLUSIONS. The use of montelukast did not significantly reduce the number of days with worsening asthma when begun as prophylactic therapy at the start of the school year. REVIEWER COMMENTS. The start of the school year presents a challenge for asthmatic children, who have greater disease burden with respiratory illnesses. In the group of children treated with montelukast, the percentage of days with worsening asthma was stable, whereas this percentage increased in …


tibi, o deorum ductor (299): Zw. prints Bothe's turn tibi. B. is right, but some thoughts on elision and o would have been welcome. Seneca permits elision before o in only three circumstances: 1. to complete the first foot and, with one exception (pauca, o, Phaed. 182), always after tuque o; 2. after an imperative; 3. to complete the fourth foot when o has already begun the line: o placida tandem numina, ofestum diem (Med. 985), this pattern appears also at Phaed. 634, and Oed. 75. Since tibi o is a variant of tuque o we have another reason not to tinker. (Cf., though no elision, quis memor vivit tui, jo nate,populus?HO. 1809—10.) Both B. and Zw. print patrium for patriam (380); B. attributes this to Biicheler, Zw. to ed. Patav. 1748. rerumque maestus finis et mundi ultima (703): B. is right in accepting this line. Her excellent note, heavily reliant on Fitch, convinces of its authenticity. volucre o matris genus astraeae (1068): Zw., Bentleio duce, prints asteriae. I agree with B. that the solution has yet to be found, but Fitch's astriferae, deserving of at least the apparatus, is not even reported in the commentary. There is, however, another problem which seems to have gone unnoticed by all. Like Ovid, Seneca does not allow o after a vocative; add the rules on elision, and Leo's volucre o, almost universally accepted (Giardina reads the transmitted volucer), must occasion doubt. Moreover, four lines later we fmdpax o rerum (1072): so B. and Zw. for the transmitted pater o rerum. This is Traina's modification of Wilamowitz's pax errorum, and it is this last proposal which, in addition to its other virtues, does not offend Senecan usage. The most impressive part of this book is the commentary (183-611); B., scrupulous in her documentation, knows both the ancient sources and parallels, and the later scholarship. Even in a commentary of this size there are omissions and oversights (some have already been noted) but this is inevitable and, at the end of the day, B. is to be congratulated. Indeed, the Stellenindex, just short of 100 pages, is not only testimony to B.'s thoroughness, but is in itself a valuable reference tool. This is a handsomely produced volume, and Brill has done the profession a service; this was clearly not a money-making proposition.


To analyze the design of Christian Dior, 216 pieces of Dior's works were collected and studied from the COLLECTION(Seoul: Dong Ah TV) from 2003 to 2005. The result is as follows. In recent three year period, Christian Dior maintained the feminine image and implemented different additions such as sexy, ethnic, avant-garde and casual image in every season. Also, to reflect a new trend or fashion sense, images of ethnic, retro, hippie or vintage were applied. In using color, different main color(YR, R, Y, BG, RP, B) were chosen every season to pursue variations. For the pattern usage, feminine beauty was presented by numerous applications of flowered pattern. Also the practice of pattern and hue in different rations in every season pursued variations in design.


The Institute of Hygiene was created in 1918 in the state capital of Sao Paulo, by an agreement between the govemment of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and the Intemational Health Board of the Rockefeller Foundation. Emerging in a period of intense institutional-building in the field of biomedical science, the Institute of Hygiene is a telling case of the successful merging of State modemization targets and intemational aid. The discussion focuses upon the initial steps and the consolidation of this important institution, its daily scientific activities, the courses offered to medical graduates and public health nurses, the political game that medical scientists and sanitarians played in their intercourse with politicians and the authorities of the Sanitary Service of the State of Sao Paulo. As a leading political unity in the federation, though partly influenced by the modemization efforts of the federal authorities in the nation's capital, Sao Paulo had a unique role in the development of scientific careers, public health policies, and laboratory research in the country. The Instituto de Higiene played an important role in this processo.


We propose to derive a deterministic inventory model for a time varying deterioration rate with an exponential fuzzy demand over a finite planning horizon in this study. We assume that the supplier offers a credit limit to the retailer during which there is no interest charged. However, the retailer has the reserve capital with him to make the payments at the beginning of the transaction, but he decides to take the benefit of the credit limit. Each cycle has shortages, which have been partially backlogged to suit present day competition in the market. Also, the whole study has been done in an inflationary environment using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) approach to impart economic feasibility to the model. Numerical examples have been presented with the help of lingo software.


Dividend decision is one of the very crucial factors that have a bearing on the long-term value of a firm. According to the traditional approach, firms that pay larger dividends happen to have escalated share prices compared to those that pay lower or no dividends. There have been previous studies conducted to explore what factors make a firm pay or ignore paying dividends for a given year. However, no consensus has been achieved so far by the researchers as to what really determines a firm"s dividend payout decision. This study is an attempt to re-examine some of the very major considerations a firm takes into account while deciding about the declaration, or otherwise, of dividends. To serve the purpose, the required financial information was obtained from "Financial Statement Analysis" of Non-financial companies published by the State Bank of Pakistan. Sixty one (61) firms were included in the sample having thorough six year financial data ranging from 2006 to 2011 which led to a total of 366 firm-year observations. Results of the study showed that out of the factors analyzed, Liquidity and Profitability had a significant association with the dividend payout policy of firms in the sample. Hence, it may be concluded that the two mentioned factors are the major determinants of a firm"s dividend policy.


"This report covers the activities of the Alcohol and Drugs (AOD) Indigenous communities Project (2011-2014) over the first twelve months. This project is a continuation of the 2008-2011 Project which was evaluated in May 2011. This review was undertaken to determine if the project was on track and to discover and highlight areas for concern." - Introduction


An object of the present invention is to provide a method for generating a multi-language menu. The method includes grouping language-dependent menu resource files of the storage medium is selected from the group only menu resource files for a label having a display compatible with the menu language preference of each player. .FIELD 1


The paper covers historical material on the formation and development of schools of thought in geotechnical engineering in Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture (formerly known as Kharkiv Civil Engineering Institute), which came into being in 1934 with the establishment of the Department of Bases and Foundations. Particular emphasis is laid upon some personalities of the department; they are outstanding scientists and professors, such as F.O. Belyakov, S.Z. Saidakovsky, I.Ya. Luchkovsky, G.G. Strizhelchyk and others, who made a significant contribution to the formation of schools of thought in geotechnical engineering at the university. A particular contribution of the created research laboratory and the developed equipment for field methods of research into physical and mechanical properties of soils of bases for the foundations of building structures is singled out in the development of scholarly knowledge. The achievements of the renamed Department of Geotechnics, Underground and Hydrotechnical Structures are listed as of today, such as renovation of the educational and research laboratory of "Geotechnical Survey", which has a governmental certification and allows scientists and students to perform high-quality laboratory work and conduct a full range of engineering and geological and hydrogeological surveys for construction; creation of a new research and technical subdivision of the department known as "Center for monitoring buildings and structures", which conducts an instrument monitoring of the stress-strain state of the bases and foundations of construction projects using advanced equipment and software packages; availability of an IT classroom and licensed software, including SOFISTIK, a powerful German design software package, which allows researchers to provide high-level research and technical support for designing construction projects. The paper also clearly shows the advantages of training scientific staff and civil engineers in specialties 192 "Construction and Civil Engineering" and 194 "Hydrotechnical Engineering, Water Engineering and Water Technology" and, as a result, a considerable demand for KhNUCEA graduates from employers.


The exposed abnormal death of the person in custody and many problems presents the different kinds of malpractices that the detention center management system have,which caused the public to focus on and think about the detention center, and the voice of reform is highly arising.It is necessary to reform the detention center system.Comparing detention center with prison,we can clearly find that the detention center has many deficiencies in function,attached departments,legal regulations,the protection of human rights and so on,at the same time;the comparison also has directed the detention center reform and established a reasonable routine of reform.