Different types of family support in the educational process of children are studied based on the averages variability of the Saber 11 test got by public schools in 27 non-certified municipalities of Córdoba, Colombia. For the size of the sample was used a multi-stage sampling which displayed a sample of 109 educational institutions in the first stage, distributed in three strata of the municipalities. In the second stage were estimated 629 families selected by the simple random method. The data were analyzed with the principal components analysis method, which allowed the construction of a support index to establish the correlations between the variables. Relevant results show there does not exist a significant relationship between family support and the classification results of public schools in the State test in 2016. But, it is found that when the family support in the educational process is greater, the probability of get a score with an average of 50% is 4.650 higher. Among the explanatory variables with the greatest influence on family support were: living in an urban area, municipalities with 6 to 10 schools, the female sex, the highest level of parents education, housewives and families with access to the computer. It is inferred the lack of relevance of the Saber 11 test related to the acquired learning and the types of evaluation applied in the schools.


We study the problem of designing an input to a dynamical system that is optimal at estimating unknown parameters in the system's model. We take the A and D optimality criteria on the Fisher Information Matrix associated with the estimation problem as our optimization objective. Our main motivation is the estimation of the physiological parameters that appear in pharmacokinetic dynamics using a relatively short set of measurements. In this context, model inputs correspond to the intravenous injection of drugs and input selection needs to consider safety constraints that include max-min instantaneous injection rates and total dosage amount. We divide the time interval available for the experiment into learning and optimization stages. We use the initial learning stage to obtain a preliminary estimate for the system's model. Then we find an optimal input for the optimization stage so that we can improve upon this initial estimate.


Background : Traditional catheter‐based oesophageal pH testing is limited by patient discomfort and the tendency for patients to alter their diet and activities during the study. A catheter‐free pH monitoring system (Bravo) designed to avoid these problems has recently become available, but the advantages and limitations of this device have not been fully explored.


Natural rate theory", the Efficient Market Hypothesis and its labour market application dominated interpretations of economic trends and policy pre- scriptions from the 1970s onwards, with their views of public policy and regulation as distorting otherwise well-functioning free markets. The upheaval of the current crisis is shaking these theories to the core. In this context, Schettkat examines European experience from the 1990s onwards and shows the theories to be unsubstantiated: high unemployment persisted post-recession despite structural reforms to labour market institutions, and the resumption of economic growth was hindered by then- dominant deflationary monetary and fiscal policies inspired by these theories.


The whole transitional reform of curriculum includes the cultural transformation of curriculum,which is the result of the deepening of curriculum cultural crisis.In the transformation,one curriculum cultural pattern was transformed into another one,which embodies the unity of historical conditionality and subjective selection,the consistent of breakability and continuity,and the oneness of entirety and gradualness.The dynamic mechanism of curriculum culture transformation lies in the contradiction of surmounting nature and self-existing nature of curriculum culture and it is implemented through the interaction between conscious culture and instinctive culture.Because of the lack of surmounting nature of curriculum culture,the improvement of the self-consciousness of curriculum culture became a theoretical and practical proposition.The self-consciousness of curriculum culture is the foundation,the dynamics,the symbol of the cultural transformation of curriculum,and even the transformation itself.


Summary Six immunologically related viral strains have been recovered from the stools of patients with CNS disease. Neutralization tests indicate that they are not polioviruses, group A or group B Coxsackie viruses, ECHO virus types 1-28 or one of 4 ECHO candidate strains. The human origin of these agents is evidenced by the fact that 5 of the 6 patients with isolations showed 4-fold or greater rises in neutralizing antibody to these viruses. The several strains possess the characteristics of human enteroviruses, i.e., ether resistance, particle size, and production of a characteristic "enterovirus cytopathic effect" in monkey kidney cell cultures. All of the strains could be adapted to growth in HeLa cells. They are not pathogenic for suckling mice, and do not agglutinate human group O, chicken or guinea pig erythrocytes. Addendum Since this paper was submitted for publication, information from Dr. H. A. Wenner, as well as the results of tests performed in this laboratory, indicates that the Bastianni, PR-17 and Frater viruses (enterovirus candidates) are related to the Price virus.


PAGE This thesis explores notions of 'heritage1 among residents of Nombre de Dios, Panama through the combined ethnographic methods of participant-observation, public archaeology and semi-structured interviews. This diversified strategy enabled an examination of history, memory, and the archaeological past at the individual, community, and national levels of society. Illustrating the discursive relationship between society and the individual in forming conceptions of'heritage,' this research argues for an expanded treatment of the term. Rather than a static idea, 'heritage' is better considered an emergent process with people negotiating constantly-evolving narrations of their relationships with the past. This thesis further provides an example of how ethnographic research within archaeological endeavors can illuminate local priorities, rather than simply serving to further archaeologists' purposes. Conducted in this way, archaeologists have the opportun ity to make their work relevant by more closely aligning; their own priorities with those of descendent and community stakeholders. T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s


Representation of coalescent process using pruning of trees has been used by Goldschmidt and Martin for the Bolthausen-Sznitman coalescent and by Abraham and Delmas for the $\beta(3/2,1/2)$-coalescent. By considering a pruning procedure on stable Galton-Watson tree with $n$ labeled leaves, we give a representation of the discrete $\beta(1+\alpha,1-\alpha)$-coalescent, with $\alpha\in [1/2,1)$ starting from the trivial partition of the $n$ first integers. The construction can also be made directly on the stable continuum Levy tree, with parameter $1/\alpha$, simultaneously for all $n$. This representation allows to use results on the asymptotic number of coalescence events to get the asymptotic number of cuts in stable Galton-Watson tree (with infinite variance for the reproduction law) needed to isolate the root. Using convergence of the stable Galton-Watson tree conditioned to have infinitely many leaves, one can get the asymptotic distribution of blocks in the last coalescence event in the $\beta(1+\alpha,1-\alpha)$-coalescent.


We were motivated by Bryden et al. (2005) analysis which implies that the MOC has slowed down significantly (20%) during the past 50 years and that, as a result, Europe should have cooled during this period. Although the article has been subject to strong criticism, and, although there have been claims in various blogs (e.g., www.realclimate.com) that Bryden himself retracted at least some of his conclusions, his results are consistent with recent observations of an increased fresh water flux into the Atlantic. And yet, western Europe "failed" to cool during the past 50 years. To examine this issue, we considered a coupled analytical model where fundamental counter-intuitive heat-flux aspects are considered. On that basis, we suggest that, in contrast to what the global numerical climate models predict, a slow down of the MOC will cause Europe to warm, not cool. As in the numerical models, the analytically modeled slow-down is accompanied by a reduced heat flux to the atmosphere. However, this reduced amount of heat is applied to a significantly smaller amount of air. We show that the strong horizontal diffusion that is unavoidably employed by the numerical simulations camouflages the local warming by mixing the negative heat flux anomaly around making it appear as if there is a broad cooling.


Four different age groups of cases came to hospital with the complaint of severely nasalized speech and since childhood. Parents had already consulted to the physician in one of the valley Hospital who referred the patient for speech therapy without a clinical diagnosed as sub mucous cleft (SMC). Speech pathologist has to confirm of sub mucous cleft palate with the help of the plastic surgeon. Sub mucous cleft palate is a significant cause of severs speech and language disorder. Aim of the paper is to make the clinician and laymen aware of the sub mucous cleft palate which is less commonly diagnosed partly due to ignorance and misdiagnosis. Sub mucous cleft is the cleft of muscle and bony portion of palate it has got triad characters:- Bifid uvular, thin bluish line in the margin raphe (septum palludine) & hyper nasality. And we could feel palpable sign and speech and language disorder. It may have also lots of related problems like mental retarted, hearing loss, behavior problems etc. Sub mucous cleft, is diagnosed and management by team approach like plastic surgeon, E.N.T. Surgeon, Dental surgeon, sp & lag pathologist and audiologist etc. Speech therapy is the one of the essential area for their better quality of life after surgery. DOI:  10.3126/mjsbh.v9i1.3488 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Vol.9(1) 2010 28-31


A manipulatively simple and rapid procedure for the synthesis of diacetals from 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1, 3-propanediol with aldehydes and ketones in refluxing benzene or toluene using the ZrO2 /S2O82- solid superacid as catalyst in 80–98% yields has been described.


Supriya Deshmukh, P. A. Narwade Dr.VithalraoVikhePatil College of Engineering ViladGhat, Ahmednagar 414 111 firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Free vibration analysis of E-glass composite laminates is carried out using finite element method. An 8 node shell element consisting of 48 degrees of freedom is used. Results obtained by the analysis demonstrate the efficiency of the present model. Numerical results for 4 different parameters namelyaspect ratio, thickness ratio, the number of plies and ply angles are presented. It is observed that the natural frequency parameter decreases for plate aspect ratio and thickness ratio (a/h) increases the frequency decreases. It is seen that the ply angles do not show a definite increasing or decreasing effect on natural frequency. Natural frequency increases a little when the number of plies is increased from 2 to 4 but beyond this even after increasing the number plies has minuscule effect on frequency. For mode number 1, 2 and 4 it is seen that the natural frequency increases upon increasing ply angle up to 45 beyond which it starts decreasing.


Hyperspectral target detection is an approach which tries to locate targets in a hyperspectral image on the condition of given targets spectrum. Many classical target detectors are based on the linear mixing model (LMM) and sparsity model. The LMM has a poor performance in dealing with the spectral variability. Therefore, more studies focus on the sparsity-based detectors, most of which are based on residual reconstruction. Owing to the fact that the impure dictionary for the test pixel weakens the detection performance and the discrimination ability of residual function has direct influence on the detecting accuracy, the dictionary purity and discriminative residual function are two most important factors affecting the accuracy of sparsity-based target detectors. In order to obtain more purified dictionary and discriminative residual function, this paper proposes a novel sparsity-based detector named the hybrid sparsity and distance-based discrimination (HSDD) detector for target detection in hyperspectral imagery. The residual function is constrained by the discrimination information during the dictionary construction, which enhances the dictionary purification. Only background samples are used to construct the dictionary because it is easier to remove the target pixel than to select it on the condition that majority of pixels are the background pixels. Hence, a purification process is applied for background training samples in order to construct an effective competition between the residual term and discriminative term. Extensive experimental results with four hyperspectral data sets demonstrate that the proposed HSDD algorithm has a better performance than the state-of-the-art algorithms.


Presented at the EPA Oil Shale Sampling, Analysis, and Quality Assurance Symposium, Denver, CO, March 26-28, 1979. LBL-890 Ie ,::l TWO-WEEK LOAN COpy This is a Library Circulating Copy d for two wee~s. which ma~ be borrow,e IJ call For a personal retentIon cop~, Tech. Info. Dioision, Ext. 6782 Environment Division F,r (: ~~: l \~~ ~:: I~) ~ ,ft. W [i~~~\~~,:F, UF:;U{H ::;'! ).A~,!QRAICIt'f L.IBF</\Fl { i-.\..~.J.fJ [)OCUMENTS sr£;C,':,]'k)i\\ Intercomparison Study of Elemental Abundances in Raw and Spent Oil Shales J. P. Fox, J. C. Evans, T. R. Wildeman, Ij and]. S. Fruchter March 1979 University of California/Berkeley Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-4B r tp r I \D r--' o G'


We are at a stage in the march of global capitalism at which the United States must learn to cooperate with Confucian and Muslim economic models. There are contradictions in capitalist growth—not least inequality, ongoing poverty, and environmental degradation—that will require global solutions. Most important, the author shows, the United States should realize that China and the Middle East have long traditions of capitalist growth and are decidedly open to their own versions of capitalism today.


Abstract Molybdenum(V) and (VI) and tungsten (VI) complexes of formulae MoOX3.RPPh, MO2X2.RPPh and MoO2X2.RPOEt, where RPPh = bis[(diphenylphosphinyl)methyl]phenylphosphine oxide and RPOEt = bis[(diphenylphosphinyl)methyl]ethyl phosphinate, M = Mo or W and X = Cl, Br or I, have been isolated. Molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, IR, electronic, 1H and 31P NMR measurements are discussed. All the complexes isolated have octahedral geometry in which the potentially terdentate ligands are coordinated to the metal through two P=O groups.


We use a global competition model of international trade with heterogeneous firms to evaluate the impact of trade reforms that occurred in Chile at the end of the 70s. We compare the predictions of the calibrated model in terms of productivity, plant turnover, job and trade flows with what occurred in reality using a comprehensive plant-level panel dataset for the manufacturing sector. The model explains several effects of liberalization reforms on industry performance. In contrast to the previous studies we use a general equilibrium approach that allows fully quantifying and identifying the trade liberalization effects on the tradeable and nontradeable sectors. We proceed by performing a counterfactual experiment aimed at exploring the impact of preferential trade agreements negotiated by Chile in recent years with the EU and NAFTA.


Conservation of the world's plant genetic resources is one of the most significant and relevant problems of mankind. At Krymsk Experimental Breeding Station of VIR, where the largest stone fruit plant genetic diversity in Russia is assembled (more than 5 thousand genotypes: cultivars and species, wild forms, distant hybrids and polyploids), a collection maintenance technology of 'border hedging' has been developed and successfully used. This method makes it quite economical (in terms of space reduction, simplification of the system of care for the storage garden, and decreasing the use of chemical protection agents) to maintain a large number of live accessions ex situ. The border hedging technology is based on a propagule nursery system that enables plants to grow longer than in conventional gardens, constantly keeping them in a state of active growth. The basic elements of this technology are dense arrangement of plants (intervals for high-growing plants: 4.0–5.0 m between rows, and 1.0–1.5 m in a row; for low-growing ones: 2.5 m between rows, and 0.5–1.0 m in a row) and annual pruning of shoots at a height of 1.0–1.2 m. Years of experience in using a denser planting pattern for collection garden maintenance helped to identify a number of most significant factors in this system, which make up the scientific basis of the technology for optimally efficient preservation of genotypes and their genetic compliance (representativeness). Among them are biological features of the in situ plant growth habit, including vigor, selection of rootstock or decision on own-root cultivation, layout of the plot, and maintenance system. If it is necessary to study the accessions in the garden where they are preserved in order to make their initial evaluation (approbation, morphological description, study of crop structure, biochemical or biotechnological assessment, analysis of resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors), the plants should not be pruned for 1–2 years. Upon completion of these works, the trees are coppiced again.


The invention discloses a chain wheel moving type intelligent traditional Chinese medicine dispensing cabinet which structurally comprises a cabinet body and a medicine storing box. A medicine taking opening is arranged at the left side of the cabinet body, and a medicine feeding opening is arranged at the right side of the cabinet body. An electronic balance is arranged on the outer side of the medicine taking opening, and a display is arranged above the medicine taking opening. A round chain group is arranged in the cabinet body and comprises a front round chain and a rear round chain. A chain wheel motor is arranged between the front round chain and the rear round chain, and chain wheels are respectively arranged on chain wheel motor shafts of the two ends of the chain wheel motor. The front round chain and the rear round chain which are arranged on the outer sides of the chain wheels are respectively provided with annular outer covers. Two sides of the chain wheel motor are respectively provided with vertical connection rings. A plurality of horizontal connection rods are arranged between the vertical connection rings. The medicine storing box is connected with the lower portions of the horizontal connection rods, and a medicine placing device is arranged at the right side of the medicine storing box. The chain wheel moving type intelligent traditional Chinese medicine dispensing cabinet has the advantages of being accurate in metering, capable of saving time and labor, capable of reducing labor intensity, capable of improving efficiency and space utilization rate, small in occupied area, large in medicine storing quantity and the like.


The aim of this study was to gather information on the Burundian food culture and nutrition habits for health care professionals to be able to provide the Burundians with holistic care. The purpose of the study was to find out the eating habits of the Burundian immigrants living in Jyvaskyla. Qualitative research method was used to gather the data which included a face to face interview with three Burundians who had lived in Finland for more than 6 months. In December 2013, the interviews were carried out and data analysis was done by thematic coding. The results showed that taste preferences, language barrier, availability of their own ethnic food were among factors affecting the Burundians' eating patterns in Finland. Additionally, despite the change environment and culture, some of the Burundians tried to keep up with their own ethnic eating patterns whilst others tried to either adapt to the Finnish eating habits or then practice bicultural eating patterns. Hence the study only considered those Burundians who lived in Jyväskylä; further research needs to be done under the same topic but with a bigger sample coving other cities in Finland.


Aim. To compare the results of diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with hypertension (HTN) according left atrial (LA) strain values with the results obtained using the H2FPEF score and diastolic stress testing (DST).Material and methods. The study included 293 patients with previously established HTN who were examined due to complaints of shortness of breath and/or palpitations (men, 97 (33,5%), mean age, 62,0 (55,0; 67,0) years). All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography with the assessment of LA strain parameters and probability of HFpEF using the H2FPEF score. Eighty five patients with an intermediate probability of HFpEF underwent DST.Results. A low probability of HFpEF according to the H2FPEF score was registered in 35 (11,9%) patients, uncertain — in 206 (70,3%), high — in 52 (17,7%). DST was negative in 43 (50,6%) and positive in 42 (49,4%) patients with an intermediate probability of HFpEF. LA strain in the reservoir phase in patients with a low probability of HFpEF averaged (median and interquartile interval) 28,0 (23,6; 31,5)%, while in patients with an intermediate probability and negative DST — 24,0 (22,0; 26,8)%, with an intermediate probability and positive DST — 20,0 (18,0; 21,0)%, and with a high probability of HFpEF — 19,6 (16,9; 21,8)%. HFpEF was diagnosed in 94 patients, including 52 with a high probability on the H2FPEF score and 42 with an intermediate probability and positive DST. The diagnosis of HFpEF was ruled out in 78 patients, including 35 with a low probability on the H2FPEF score and 43 with an intermediate probability and negative DST. Further, 172 patients with confirmed or excluded HFpEF were randomly divided into two equal cohorts. In the training cohort, HFpEF was diagnosed in 44 (51,2%) patients, in the validation cohort — in 50 (58,1%). ROC analysis performed on the training cohort for the LA strain in reservoir phase showed AUC of 0,920 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0,842-0,968) and cut-off point of 21,5%. In the training cohort, the results of HFpEF diagnosis using the indicated criterion coincided with those using H2FPEF score and DST in 86,1% (95% CI, 77,2-91,8) of cases. The Cohen's kappa was 0,721 (95% C,I 0,575-0,868). In the validation cohort, agreement was observed in 84,9% (95% CI 75,8-91,0) of cases with Cohen's kappa of 0,702 (95% CI 0,553-0,851).Conclusion. In hypertensive patients, the diagnosis of HFpEF made on the basis of a decrease in the LA strain in reservoir phase to ≤21,5%, is in good agreement with the diagnosis made using the H2FPEF score and DST.


Abctract. North Africa as an economic region has always attracted the attention of specialists in various fi elds of knowledge from around the world. Designated region has always remained in the spotlight as a dynamic and creative Arabic Centre. Economic of the North Africa for many years distinguished speci fi c features and unique way of development. The biggest key point is of course peace in Middle East which will lead to better uni fi cation of Arab states. Peace will bring more stable economical activities with other nations. In this article the author considers modern economic development of North Africa.


The aim of this study is to propose that the concept of linguistic creativity, traditionally applied to aesthetic and literary use of language, should be extended so as to bridge the gap between language and literature teaching. Creativity not only contributes to increasing students' motivation but also promotes problem solving, a higher order thinking skill. Language learners' ability to manipulate linguistic and semantic units for fun may be considered as a vital component of metalinguistic awareness. The role that explicit knowledge about language plays in language learning and teaching needs to be clearly identified. The paper intends to deal with a possible relationship between language ability and metalinguistic knowledge. Since double meaning or ambiguity is a relevant feature of language play and verbal humour, the study also attempts to illustrate how lexical and structural ambiguity, puns and riddles can contribute to developing learners' language proficiency. The paper discusses some possibilities to develop learners' linguistic creativity through language play from a psycholinguistic and cognitive aspect.


the author provides a critical assessment of this theory. Hammann is inclined to ascribe the eventual failure of the project to the underlying weakness early diagnosed in Bucer's theology: 'There is a constant tendency for his Christology to side-step or rather surmount the Incarnation through the assimilation of the reality of the glorified Christ to that of the all-powerful Spirit.' Lacking Luther's emphasis on the theologia crucis, the Strasbourg reformer saw in the humanity of Christ no more than a model of ethical perfection which the faithful were challenged to imitate. Bucer tended to think of the Church as a school of virtue rather than as an open channel of divine grace. The growing emphasis on the need for professing groups to act as a leaven within society was simply a recognition of the fact that the Church as a whole could never aspire to present more than a poor and a broken reflection of the kingdom of Christ. Despite its originality of approach, Bucer's system was bound to fail in thus seeking to uphold the uncertain balance between the demands of the sect and the civic community. One feature of this study is its attempt to draw on the contemporary relevance of some of these ideas. The discussion of such themes as base groups; the eucharist as the sacrament of unity; the plurality of ministerial function; and even the suggestion of a peripatetic pope, relates more clearly to the ecumenical movement of today than to the Church structures of sixteenth-century Strasbourg. The danger of such an approach is that it can easily undervalue the real problems with which the reformer was confronted. Even in the discussion of applied ecclesiology there is little attempt to discover how the various elements of the system worked in practice. Yet the success or failure of Bucer's programme for the Church depended less on its theological rationale than on the reaction of society at large. It is not to detract from the value of this book to conclude that it has posed for the historian a series of questions to which a wholly convincing answer has yet to be supplied.


This publication is intended to be a short introduction to growing hybrid hazelnuts. Virtually all plantings in the Upper Midwest are best described as research plantings. Ranging from conservation plantings to orchard plantings in old cow lots, the situations and circumstances are as diverse as the growers. Much of the information is based on the experiences of the authors, as well as first hand accounts and interviews with other current growers. This is not intended to be a comprehensive guide to hybrid hazelnuts but, instead, to act as an introduction.


Under the framework of the modern smart grid,the planning model and method of customer friendly power network is proposed.The planning involves construction costs,operating costs,and customer losses with focusing on the evaluation method for customer's potential cost under different planning schemes due to possible disturbance coming from different user systems and reckoning it in the customer losses. The practical customer's potential cost is related to the system disturbance and voltage tolerance of equipment,thus it has uncertainty. Based on maximum entropy principle and fuzzy analysis method,this paper analyses the compatibility between system disturbance and equipment.Finally,Garver-6 node system simulation results prove that the power network planning scheme which considers the customer potential loss can guarantee the best of comprehensive benefit.


Based on the function approximation ability and the learning characteristic of neural network, a wavelet based neural network(WNN) is introduced to handle the high dimension input problem. The structure of the WNN is similar to that of multi layer perceptron, but the activation function of hidden nodes is replaced by a wavelet function. The WNN is taken as the steel plate quality model of large scale hot rolling mill and a 32 input modeling problem is resolved. Several different wavelet functions and different algorithms have been tested and compared. The authors choose B spline function as the activation function, Levenberg Marquardt algorithm is used to train the WNN Finally. After modeling and examination of 8600 samples of engineering data with noise, the best result is 80.5% error value between forecast value and real value satisfies the practice engineering demand. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology.


This paper discusses the changing temporal contexts of overseas news in Australia's colonial press. The history of overseas news – its timeliness, periodicity and its forms – is enmeshed in international communication history and, specifically, in the history of Australia's changing time/space relations with the rest of the world as new technologies, particularly the telegraph, became available. From the point of view of editors and publishers, these changing relations presented major challenges of time management. More broadly, these changing relations (often thought of as involving time/space compression) progressively altered the temporality of colonial engagement, both imaginary and real, with the rest of the world as knowledge of the 'new' came to be increasingly shared within common timeframes.


In the interim, we have seenmany different technologies at the forefront of moleculardiagnostics, ranging from linkage analysis using South-ern-based, two-allele single nucleotide polymorphisms inthe 1980s to the current myriad applications of the poly-merase chain reaction. We are amazed and impressedby the clinical utility of comparative genome hybridization(CGH) as described in the recent reviews and associatedcommentary,


An estimate of costs per session of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) Programme was developed using data in the public domain and material obtained by Freedom of Information (FOI) request, with reference to other recent research. The estimate markedly exceeds that used in the Department of Health Impact Assessment, and with other factors such as the need to take account of a higher level of patient dropout in presenting IAPT's success rate, unexpectedly low numbers of sessions offered, and the scale of wrongful disentitlement from incapacity benefits, suggests a need to reassess the original cost benefit claims for IAPT. Funding data were obtained through a FOI request of 108 Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) (seventy-eight per cent of the total approached). Cost estimates per session were developed using IAPT key performance indicator (KPI) data, research-based estimates of IAPT sessions per patient, and the budget data. These were compared to Department of Health (DH) Impact Assessment estimates. The analysis suggests a cost per IAPT session of £102.38 for low intensity therapy, and £173.88 for high intensity therapy, compared to DH Impact Assessment estimates of £32.50 and £55.20 respectively. This analysis of cost per session, considered with other factors, raises questions about the original cost benefit claims for IAPT. It replicates a recent research finding that the cost per session exceeds previously reported estimates. In the new NHS commissioning framework, and with the introduction of Any Qualified Provider (AQP) to psychological therapies in primary care, including IAPT, accurate costings and methods of comparing service offers are essential for both commissioners and providers.


Maryland's Juvenile Causes Act states that children alleged delinquent should only be removed from the home as a last resort and subsequently provided a safe, humane, and caring environment while in the custody in the state. However, children in Maryland are regularly detained prior to adjudication, and many for non-violent offenses, such as technical violations. These children are detained in pretrial detention centers, where safety concerns and abuse allegations are reported regularly. This comment will argue that Maryland is violating its juvenile statutes & case law by detaining children prior to adjudication in its pretrial detention centers. The statutory role of Juvenile Services, if the juvenile is in State custody, is to provide for "safe, humane, and caring environment[s]" and to secure for the child "custody, care, and discipline as nearly as possible equivalent to that which should have been given by his parents" only if it is necessary to remove a child at all from the home. Maryland instead unnecessarily detains juveniles prior to adjudication: first, at rates higher than necessary; second, for offenses that should not be weighed in the public interest (such as technical violations); third, in conditions that do not 1 See MD. CODE CTS. & JUD. PROC § 3-8A-02(a)(5) (2017). 348 SEATTLE JOURNAL FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE SEATTLE JOURNAL FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE satisfy the "safe, humane, and caring environment" requirement of the statute. The comment discusses Maryland's Courts & Judicial Proceedings Article, §3-8A-02, along with the case law that explains it. The comment argues that Maryland is violating its code and case law by unnecessarily detaining children in placements that are fundamentally unsafe, dehumanizing, and ineffective. It explains how the Supreme Court has differentiated between adults and children in recent cases (ranging from Roper v. Simmons to Montgomery v. Louisiana) and then provides empirical evidence from scientific studies in order to lay the foundation that children are extraordinarily different from adults in that they are more susceptible to the psychological trauma of incarceration. The comment concludes by recommending that alternatives to detention, such as community-based treatment and therapeutic foster care, are in the best interest of the child, the community, and the state for therapeutic, safety, and financial reasons.


In order to improve the properties of some steel casting,the study was carried out based on the steel castings of ZG25MnNi and ZG30Mn2,which were practically used in coal mining industry.The button ingots of cast steel were produced by using of the vacuum arc furnace in lab.At the same time,the heat treatments were studied in theory and practice.As a result,a new kind of steel casting material was obtained,with a composition range of 0.2%-0.4% C,1%-1.8% Mn and 0.01%-0.04% Nb.The modified material has higher hardness and better wear resistance.Furthermore,the practical production validated that the comprehensive mechanical properties of the steel castings were enhanced greatly.


This study examines the cognitive mechanisms that drive entrepreneurs' financial investments. Many cognitive theories of new venture creation, which examine general and specific human capital, fall under two major categories: either the entrepreneur's learning leads to action or the entrepreneur's conviction does. While those two theories do not contradict each other, they suggest distinct cognitive pathways to action. As a rare empirical study that connects purely cognitive constructs to actual financial investments, we disentangle these effects by examining how specific human capital helps entrepreneurs overcome doubt caused by uncertainty. Using a panel dataset of nascent entrepreneurs, we find that the two cognitive mechanisms - knowledge refinement and conviction - substitute for each other.


Coronavirus disease is due to an infectious disease caused by a SARS-Cov-2/COVID-19 virus. The disease symptoms range from respiratory illness similar to the mild flu with cough, fever and in more severe cases with life-threatening pneumonia. There have been a few reports of pet dogs or cats becoming infected after close contact with infected individual. Information were collected from across Central India from six national parks/ tiger reserves and 5 zoos and one rescue centre of the country. Staffs including veterinary officers were interested to know about type of samples to be collected from wild animals for the screening and confirmation.COVID19 in human beings and report COVID19in captive tiger of USA, compel us to be prepared to tackle COVID19 is an additional emerging threat not only to majestic national animal "the Tiger" but wild animals as a whole.

 COVID19, emerging threat, wild animals


Criminogenic needs are often negatively framed in terms of deficit or dysfunction. However, a trauma-informed approach would suggest that these criminogenic needs have often developed in response to adversity, had important survival value, and in certain circumstances may continue to have survival value for the individual. Understanding the context and function of criminogenic needs is therefore key to managing them. The Power Threat Meaning Framework is a useful framework for exploring the context and function of criminogenic needs. This paper proposes a framework, based on different forms of power, that practitioners can use to explore the impact of formative experiences of people from diverse backgrounds, as well as how those experiences have shaped meaning and responses for minoritized individuals. It can also be used to enable practitioners to reflect on the power differentials between themselves and the people they work with and how those differentials might affect the working relationship.


Abstract The addition of p-chlorobenzenethiol to benzyl p-chlorophenylketone resulted in the formation of a mixture of diastereomers (E)- and (Z)-1-p-chlorophenyl-2-phenyl-1-p-chlorophenylthioethylene (1 and 2). These compounds, upon reaction with bromine in acetic acid, yielded a mixture of (E)- and (Z)-1-bromo-2-p-chlorophenyl-1-phenyl-2-p-chlorophenylthioethylenes (5a and 5b). Oxidation of 5a and 5b affords (E)- and (Z)-1-bromo-2-p-chlorophenyl-1-phenyl-2-p-chlorophenylsulfonylethylenes (6a and 6b), which upon reaction with the p-chlorobenzenethiol gave (E)- and (Z)-1-p-chlorophenyl-1-p-chlorophenylsulfonyl-2-phenyl-2-p-chlorophenylthioethylenes (7a and 7b). Oxidation of 7a and 7b yielded (E)- and (Z)-1,2-bis(p-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-2-phenyl-1-p-chlorophenylethylenes (8a and 8b). The final products, 8a and 8b, were also synthesized from a mixture of diastereomers, (E)- and (Z)-2-p-chlorophenyl-1-phenyl-1-p-chlorophenylthioethylenes (3 and 4), yielding the intermediates 9a and 9b, 10a and 10b, and 11a and 11b. The configurations of these compounds were established by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectra, and by their preparation from the corresponding phenylketones and p-chlorophenylphenylacetylene. All these new compounds exhibited pronounced in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


: The study is aimed to discuss the path of a student with intellectual disabilities undergoing an university degree in the Visual Arts, in order to identify the mechanisms that enabled his access, permanence and academic success in a federal university in northern Brazil. Methodologically, we adopted oral history to identify factors that impacted access and academic path. It also aimed to identify to what extent the understanding of disability as a condition of impairment and school failure was overcome, both from the student's and from the professionals' points of view. involved in his formative process. It is a qualitative study developed from the perspective of oral history as described by Alberti and understanding the aspects outlined in the field of memory by Bosi. Data come from semi-structured interview conducted in a virtual environment and written productions by the research participant regarding his academic process. In the analyzes we take as a reference the perspective of Thompson regarding the experience and historical-cultural references that lead us to seek to understand the development of people and policies as procedural, happening in a dialectical perspective. The results highlight the relevant role of public policies for access to university, in expanding the rights of people with disabilities, but also the path to be followed in removing barriers within these institutions. It was understood that the adoption of specific pedagogical procedures, suitable for dialogue through different symbolic tools as required due to the limitations in reading and writing of the research subject, favored his formative path as a student, in spite of the need of important reformulations to be carried out by the institutions for the effective accessibility of knowledge..


This paper presents a fast fuzzy algorithm, implemented using field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to detect the stator related faults in induction motors. Altera Cyclone III FPGA was employed for developing the proposed method. All coding of fuzzy algorithm was written using hardware description language (HDL) called very high speed integrated circuit description language (VHDL). Fuzzy system has three inputs and one output. The magnitudes of three phase current signals were given to the fuzzy system and stator related faults were detected. The validity of the proposed method was tested by experimental data set and was also compared to the results of MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox. The experimental results show that the proposed method gives very efficient and reliable results for fault detection of induction motors.


(x 1 + · · · + x n)(y 1 + · · · + y n) = z 1 + · · · + z n, where the zk are bilinear functions of the xi and yi , if and only if n = 1, 2, 4, 8. Dickson [2] gave a detailed, amplified form of Hurwitz's proof in four pages. Rajwade [6] gave an amplified version of Dickson's proof in six pages. A proof using normed algebras is given in [1]. For more on such laws see for example [6]. As 2 = 12 + 12 + 2 · 02, 7 = 12 + 22 + 2 · 12, and 14 = 2 · 7 = x2 + y2 + 2z2 for integers x, y, z there cannot exist a composition law of the type


We present a complete solution to the cyclotron-synchrotron radiation due to an isotropic distribution of electrons moving in a magnetic field. We make no approximations in the calculations other than artificially broadening the harmonics by a small amount in order to facilitate the numerics. In contrast to previous calculations, we sum over all relevant harmonics and integrate over all particle and observer angles relative to the magnetic field. We present emission spectra for electron temperatures $T=5\times10^8$ K, $10^9$ K, $2\times10^9$ K to $3.2\times10^{10}$ K, and provide simple fitting formulae which give a fairly accurate representation of the detailed results. For $T\geq3.2\times10^{10}$ K, the spectrum is represented well by the asymptotic synchrotron formula, which is obtained by assuming that the radiating electrons have Lorentz factors large compared to unity. We give an improved fitting formula also for this asymptotic case.


Multilingualization of modern operating system is necessitated on the Internet. Since internationalization architecture complying to POSIX has less support for multilingual and distributed applications, Linux file system dirived from POSIX may lose data in storing some multilingual text. Based on Linux file system, a new File System called EXT2U is presented, which supports metadata encoded by UTF-16. Meanwhile, virtual filesystem switch in Linux kernel is improved and a set of system calls using a data type special to UTF-16 are proposed. by means of EXT2U and new system calls, the ability to process multilingual information can be achieved easier in Linux.


Activation energies for the gas phase reaction X + RH = HX + R where X is an atom or free radical and RH is an alkane conform to equation (i) where σ*XCH2 is the Taft parameter for the group XCH2 in aliphatic systems undergoing reaction in aqueous solution at 25 °C E= 12·2 – 7·2σ*XCH2+ 0·55ΔH+ΔH2/(40 + 2·2|ΔH|)(i). Calculated activation energies for X = Cl and particularly for X = CF3 differ significantly from the experimental values, and possible explanations have been given. With substrates (HY) other than alkanes, thermochemical data and Arrhenius parameters are less accurately known, but within experimental error the activation energies are generally consistent with the above equation, indicating that the electronegativity of Y has little influence on the activation energy. For the substrates H2S and HCl, the experimental activation energies are significantly lower than the calculated values.


Retrograde changes in the dorsal lateral geniculate body were studied following cortical radiation lesios. The cytoarchitectonic structure of the striate region is described. The peristriate as well as the striate areas are shown to receive projections form the dorsal lateral geniculate body. Thus — as far as this set of connections is concerned — the peristriate are is a subdivision of the striate region. It is further shown that the striate region as defined cytoarchitectonically is —to the extent that it was validated — coextensive with the cortical projection area of the dorsal lateral geniculate body. The dorsal lateral geniculate body is divided into an alpha and a beta sector. Evidence indicates that each vertical column of cells in the striate region receives projections from an appropriate geniculate column which extends throughout the thickness of the alpha sector. The alpha cell columns project upon the striate region in an orderly manner. Details of this organization are described. The cells of the beta sector also project upon the striate region. Whether the pattern of this projection is similar to that of the alpha sector or is more generalized has not been established. Some electrophysiological and experimental‐anatomical evidence relevant to the findings is discussed.


This paper investigates determinants of financial saving in Tanzania during the period 1967-2010. Both OLS method and dynamic error correction (coitegration) model (ECM) approaches were employed to test the hypothesis that the interest rate elasticity of financial savings was positive during the study period. The regression results rejected the hypothesis that the interest rate of financial savings was negative and statistically insignificant for the period 1967-1986, a period that was characterized by staunch Government regulation and control of the financial sector. Also unexpectedly, the results rejected the hypothesis that the interest rate elasticity of financial savings was positive during the period 1987-2010, a period that was characterized by market determined interest rates. The results also showed a decrease in absolute size of the real interest rare elasticity of financial savings over the two sub-sample period. Several robustness tests confirmed the estimated sign and sensitivity of financial savings to real interest rates for both sub-sample periods. The results, however, are inconsistent with the traditional theory and therefore demands for further empirical investigation.


The present study was carried out to characterize the bioactive constituents present in ethanolic extracts of Hybanthus enneaspermus using UV, FTIR and GC-MS. The crude extracts were scanned in the wavelength ranging from 300-1100 nm by using Perkin Elmer Spectrophotometer and the characteristic peaks were detected. For GC-MS analysis, 20 g sample is extracted with 50 ml ethanol, filtered in ash less filter paper with 4 g sodium sulphate and the extract is concentrated to 1 ml by bubbling nitrogen into the solution. The compound detection employed the NIST Ver. 2.0 - Year 2005 library. The biological activities are based on Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases by Dr. Jim Duke of the Agricultural Research Service/USDA. The UV profile showed different peaks ranging from 300-1100 nm with different absorption respectively. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of phenols, alcohols, alkanes, alkyl halides, carboxylic acids, aromatics, nitro compounds and amines in ethanolic extract. The results of the GC-MS analysis provide different peaks determining the presence of phytochemical compounds with different therapeutic activities. The major phytoconstituents were (5E,13E)-5,13-Docosadienoic acid (20.90%) and Cedran-diol, 8S, 14- (13.02) which are possessing many biological activities. hence this study creates a platform to screen many bioactive components to treat many diseases.


Abstract Equilibrium adsorption isotherms are reported for radon and water vapor on two commercial activated carbons: coconut shell Type PCB and hardwood Type BD. The isotherms of the water vapor were measured gravimetrically at 298 K. The isotherms of radon from dry nitrogen were obtained at 293, 298, and 308 K while the data for the mixture of radon and water vapor were measured at 298 K. The concentrations of radon in the gas and solid phases were measured simultaneously, once the adsorption equilibrium and the radioactive equilibrium between the radon and its daughter products were established. The shape of the isotherms was of Type III for the radon and Type V for the water vapor, according to Brunauer's classification. The adsorption mechanism was similar for both the radon and the water vapor, being physical adsorption on the macropore surface area in the low pressure region and micropore filling near saturation pressure. The uptake capacity of radon decreased both with increasing temperature and r...


Background. According to current epidemiological data, frequent respiratory infections occupy a leading position in the structure of childhood morbidity in Ukraine. The program of comprehensive children rehabilitation includes immune rehabilitation as the main measurement. Materials and methods. One-hundred and eight children aged from 1 to 3 years were diagnosed with an acute respiratory infection (АRI): the first group consisted of 57 children receiving standard therapy according to the current guidelines, the second group consisted of 51 children whose therapy was added with the drug OM-85 at a dosage of 3.5 mg per day. The levels of T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, T-suppressors, NK cells, B-lymphocytes, phagocytic index, phagocytic number, IgG, IgA, IgM were determined before and after administration of OM-85. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed by the method of variation statistics using computer programs Microsoft Office Excel. Results. The study revealed a significant increase in the incidence of ARI among young children in winter and spring and changes in immunological reactivity such as suppression of phagocytic link, imbalance in the ratio of T-lymphocyte populations, dysimmunoglobulinemia. In children of group II, manifestations of general weakness disappeared 0.99 days earlier, cough — 1.45 days, catarrhal phenomena — 1.23 days earlier compared to the patients of group I (p < 0.05). After the protocol treatment, there was a positive dynamics in the content of the studied parameters in patients of group I, but their normalization did not occur. Besides, supplementation with OM-85 therapy contributed to the normalization of the phagocytic level, the concentration of CD3+, CD4+ and CD21+ lymphocytes, the restoration of IgA and IgM levels. Conclusions. The use of OM-85 in the treatment of respiratory infections contributes to reducing the period of acute intoxication, reducing the likelihood of bacterial complications. Clinical feasibility of bacterial lysates is associated with stimulation of systemic mechanisms of adaptive and innate immunity.


With the development of user needs and network,OpenBroker has been used to shield various middleware in order to make online business hall deal with the support of various middleware products.The professional developers can focus more on the realization of communications business logic.It offers a good support for the expansibility of WEB products,providing WEB products with a good interconnection and insertion function.Therefore,it is stabler and more efficient.


My purpose today is to review some of the mathematical-physical theories of the past and of the present, indicating briefly the nature of certain concepts upon which these theories rest as well as the attendant logical difficulties, and even proposing modifications which have occurred to me. Of course the subject is too large for an address of this kind, but interest in mathematical-physical ideas is very widespread, and their importance for both mathematicians and physicists is profound. I feel more justified in choosing this subject because it has occupied so much of my attention recently. 2. Geometry


In an article in this issue, Christian Weber (1997) extends and clarifies an article of mine (Spiegel 1994) in which I analyzed a particular utility function that yields an inferior good with an upward-sloping demand curve at certain prices and income levels, namely, a Giffen good. I would first like to apologize and say that indeed I overlooked the Wold and Jureen (1953) book. They suggest a specific function that allows for a Giffen good within a very narrow range of consumption levels. However, as Weber mentions, I cited articles by Leibhafsky (1969) and Vandermeulen (1972) in which utility functions that allow an inferior product were presented. Liebhafsky suggested a function that included an inferior product that was not a Giffen good. Vandermeulen presented a utility function that did include a Giffen good, but the function was complex and difficult to handle. In addition to the compliments given to the literature survey in my article and to the utility function that included a Giffen good, Weber adds to my conclusions and makes them more complete. However, he also criticizes some of my results. At this point, I would like to show that, in my opinion, Weber is mistaken with regard to some of the points he makes. On other points, I wish to extend even further his results.


Consumer adoption of energy efficient household appliances in China is very low despite government efforts since 2005 to boost the purchase of these money and energy saving devices. This paper builds on a prior publication of the authors (2014) which concluded that a large part of the problem is a combination of poor marketing of the cost savings of these devices coupled with lower levels of purchases with credit versus cash. A survey that seeks to provide an answer to what specific changes need to be made in marketing and credit was administered to 462 consumers in four Chinese cities (Beijing, Lanzhou, Fangchenggang, and Jinchang) in the summer of 2015. The findings indicate better labeling and funneling funding away from rebates and toward low-interest loans would significantly increase the adoption rates of energy efficient appliances. Improving the adoption rates of energy efficient household appliances in China is good for manufacturers (who make money selling more expensive items), consumers (who benefit from a reduced cost of ownership), the Chinese government (which is currently engaged in a campaign to lower the amount of energy used), and the world (which benefits from a cleaner environment).


Purpose In this work, a non-targeted approach was used to unravel changes in the plasma lipidome of PCOS patients. The aim is to offer new insights in PCOS patients strictly selected in order to avoid confounding factors such as dyslipemia, obesity, altered glucose/insulin metabolism, cardiovascular disease, or cancer. Results Multivariate statistics revealed a specific lipidomic signature for PCOS patients without associated pathologies. This signature implies changes, mainly by down-regulation, in glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism suggesting an altered biosynthetic pathway of glycerophospholipids and cell signaling as second messengers in women with PCOS. Conclusions Our study confirms that a lipidomic approach discriminates a specific phenotype from PCOS women without associated pathologies from healthy controls. Methods In a cross-sectional pilot study, data were obtained from 34 subjects, allocated to one of two groups: a) lean, healthy controls (n = 20), b) PCOS patients (n = 14) with diagnosis based on hyperandrogenaemia, oligo-anovulation and abnormal ovaries with small follicular cysts. A detailed biochemical characterization was made and lipidomic profiling was performed via an untargeted approach using LC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS.


ABSTRACT The tension between individual freedom and the public interest has been at the center of environmental debates since Garrett Hardin's article on the tragedy of the commons. Debates over bottled water are no different. Opponents of bottled water criticize its wasteful production, exaggerated advertising, and lack of stringent regulation. Indeed, bottled water may present a unique harm to the public interest. This does not mean that coercive action is the only policy solution. By understanding the reasons why individuals consume bottled water it is possible to design policies that allow for preservation of choice and protection of the public interest.


Corpus linguistics provides English teachers with an opportunity to analyse large amounts of language data to facilitate language learning and allows teachers to produce authentic in-house materials. Textbooks started to integrate corpus data (see Carter & McCarthy, 1997). However, surprisingly, corpus-based activities and materials have not completely reached the classroom. Following Johns (1991), this preliminary study aims to assess the relevance of corpus data in a mainstream ESP classroom, specifically, in teaching medical English using a data-driven learning approach. A longitudinal critical needs analysis on 323 Turkish medical students revealed that students perceive learning meanings of English words with collocations as a highly important need. The present study seeks to satisfy the perceived needs of medical students who are learning medical English. Considering students' content knowledge, medical specialists were consulted to choose a relevant medical journal. A self-compiled specialised corpus was built from research articles in the Journal of Medical Case Reports . The corpus comprised 31,731 words. The corpus data were used to teach students collocations and to produce in-house ESP materials, such as concordance lines, that foster autonomous learning and active participation in first-year medical students. Pedagogical applications of corpus work are discussed.


The cellulose was extracted from peanut hull(CEPH) by Milox method,then super absorbent polymer(SAP) was prepared from the cellulose by inverse emulsion polymerization with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinker and potassium persulfate as initiator.The effects of monomer proportion,neutral degree of acrylic acid(AA),amounts of the initiator and crosslinker on the water absorption rate were discussed through orthogonal test.The results show that when the monomer composition(m(AA)∶m(CEPH)) is 8∶1,neutralization degree of AA is 60%,amounts of the initiator and crosslinker are 0.4% and 0.6% of the monomer respectively,the SAP has water absorption rate of 300 g/g,it has better water absorption rate and water-holding performance.


Within Model Driven Development (MDD), state machines are a common mechanism for modelling behaviour. The development of a formal semantics for UML state machines continues to be a very active and important area of research, because the development of interoperating MDD tools requires a precise, unambiguous, yet readable account of the meaning of the diagrams. This paper is the result of a comparative literature survey on approaches to formally capture the semantics of UML state machines; it categorizes and compares 26 different approaches. As a primary categorization, we use the underlying formalism of the approaches, e.g., mathematical models, rewriting systems and translation approaches. We also compare the approaches along several secondary dimensions, such as coverage of state machine features, analysis and tool support. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the state of the art in the field and to identify open questions and promising topics for future research.


Poly(p-phenylene/diphenyl ether terephtalamide) was mixed with polyaniline in concentrated H 2 SO 4 solution and was processed to form film or fibre. The composite is a lyotropic liquid crystalline polymer with electrical conductivity varying from 10 -6 to 10 -1 S/cm depending upon the composition. WAXD data showed that the polymers are homogeneously mixed with each other. The surface morphology of composite fibres consists of an oriented fibre-like texture.


Objective To explore the effects of hyperthermia plus daunorubicin(DNR) on the proliferation and apoptosis of acute myelogenous leukemia CD34+CD38-cells.Methods CD34+CD38-cells were isolated from KG1a cells with magnetic activated cell sorting(MACS).50% inhibiting concentration(IC50) of DNR against CD34+CD38-cell was assessed by MTT assay 48 hours after treating with DNR,and it was taken as the concentration for the subsequent experiments.CD34+CD38-cells were divided into control group,40℃ or 42℃ hyperthermia groups,chemotherapy group,and 40℃ or 42℃ hyperthermia plus chemotherapy group.CD34+CD38-cells in hyperthermia group and hyperthermia plus chemotherapy groups were heated at 40℃ or 42℃ in a water bath for 60 minutes.The inhibition of proliferation of CD34+CD38-cells by DNR was evaluated by MTT assay,and apoptosis rates as well as fluoscence intensity of DNR inside CD34+CD38-cells were assessed by flow cytometry.Moreover,clonality was analyzed in methylcellulose system at 42℃.ResultsThe purity of CD34+CD38-cells isolated from KG1a was 95% and higher,and the IC50 of CD34+CD38-cells against DNR was 0.40μg/ml.As compared with the control group,the proliferation of CD34+CD38-cells was inhibited in all the other groups,and the inhibitive effects were positively dependent on temperature(P0.05).As compared with the control group,the apoptosis rates were higher in all the other groups,and the elevation of apoptosis rate was positively depent on temperature(P0.05).Moreover,the apoptosis rate was higher in hyperthermia plus chemotherapy group than in both chemotherapy group and hyperthermia group with the same temperature(P0.05).At 42℃,the fluorescence intensity of DNR in hyperthermia plus chemotherapy group(6.74±0.58) was significantly higher than that in both control group(0.26±0.05) and chemotherapy group(2.08±0.14,P0.05).Compared to the control group,the colony forming efficiency was obviously lower in chemotherapy group and 42℃ hyperthermia group and hyperthermia plus chemotherapy group,and there were significant differences of the efficiency among the latter three groups.Conclusion Hyperthermia may enhance the inhibition effect of DNR on the proliferation,and facilitate the apoptosis of CD34+CD38-KG1a cells.


Objective:To explore the relation about the classification of epileptic continued mental disorder and the frequency classification of epilepsy seizure,and the relation about onset age and onset.Methods:81 inpatients that were diagnosed as epileptic continued mental disorder made a clinical analysis accorder.Results: The prevalence of the inpatients that were diagnosed as epileptic continued mental disorder.Results: The prevalence of the inpatients who were diagnosed as epileptic continued mental disorder was(0.59%)(81:13812) in the same time the ratio was 2.375(57:24) in male and female the onset average interval were 12.02years.Generalized tonic-clonic seizure(49.38,40 Cases) and psychomotor seizure(37.04%,30 Cases) were complicated by mental disorder more easily than others.The prevalence of the young was the highest(70.35,57cases).The prevalence of patients who diagnosed epileptic personality disorder was 9.88%(8cases).Conclusions: Chronic epilepsy seizure results in epileptic continued mental disorder.If epilepsy seizure can be controlled,the mental disorder was prevented.


In the part I (SEN Vol. II, No. 2) of this 3-part series, we explored the term "Software Maintenance." In the part II (SEN Vol. II, No.3) we explored some striking similarities and differences between sex and software maintenance, and encouraged you to probe and unravel the mysteries of software maintenance. In this final part we describe some of the possible future directions in software maintenance.


The invention relates to a sensor which is capable of carrying out a self-test, especially a sensor for measuring a rotation rate or an acceleration, and which comprises an oscillatory structure or resonance structure (2), and an actuator unit (3a, 3b) for exiting the structure (2) to a first periodic oscillation. The sensor also comprises a piezo-resistive element (5) for generating an output signal dependent on the measured quantity, and means (5) for separating a test signal portion from the output signal. The test signal portion is generated by a second periodic oscillation of the structure (2) which is superimposed on the first oscillation. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the self-test of a sensor. The device comprises means (5) for separating a test signal portion, said test signal portion being superimposed on the one useful signal portion, from the periodic output signal of the sensor, and comprises comparison means for comparing the test signal portion with a predefined value or with a test signal which is fed to the sensor. To carry out the self-test, a first oscillation of the structure (2) is superimposed with a second periodic oscillation, and an output signal is measured which contains information concerning the measured quantity. A test signal portion which is contained in the output signal is monitored.


Objective:Patients encountering severe trauma are at risk of developing sepsis syndrome and subsequent multiple organ failure. This is often associated with fatal outcome despite survival of the initial injury. We postulate that variation of the gene coding for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is associated with increased occurrence of sepsis syndrome and mortality in trauma patients. Design:Prospective cohort study; validation in an external replication sample. Setting:Tertiary academic medical center. Patients:We included 159 severely traumatized patients from a single center. Serial blood samples were analyzed for serum concentrations of TNF-α and lymphotoxin-α (LTA). We genotyped nine polymorphisms in the TNF gene and tested for an association with sepsis syndrome and outcome. Genetic associations were validated in an external replication sample (n = 76). We examined the peripheral blood transcriptome in 28 patients by whole genome-based profiling and validated the results. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Carriage of the TNF rs1800629 A allele was associated with higher TNF-α serum concentrations on the first day after trauma and during follow-up (two-sided p = 5.0 × 10−5), with development of sepsis syndrome (odds ratio 7.14, two-sided p = 1.2 × 10−6; external validation sample [n = 76]: odds ratio 3.3, one-sided p = .03), and with fatal outcome (odds ratio 7.65, two-sided p = 1.9 × 10−6). Carriage of the TNF rs1800629 A allele was associated with differential expression of genes representing stronger proinflammatory and apoptotic responses compared with carriage of the wild-type allele. Conclusions:Common TNF gene variants are associated with sepsis syndrome and death after severe injury. These findings are strongly supported by functional data and may be important for developing preemptive anti-inflammatory interventions in carriers of the risk-associated allele.


The quality and the frame of education at vocational schools, which train qualified employee needed in the various sectors contributing to the economic development of the countries, have changed in many years. Nowadays, the function and structure of vocational schools are still issues of conflict. The determination of the existing problems in these schools is very important in terms of improving the quality of education and scientific research and training the qualified manpower. In this study, the current situation of vocational schools in the Aegean region has been analyzed comparatively taking into account the program profiles, the structure of instructor, the relations with regional and economic development. And in this regard, it has been determined the present problems and offered various solutions


The Proposed queuing model comprises of M serial service channels connected to N non-serial service channels. Inside every serial as well as non-serial service channel multiple parallel servers are allocated. Customers are allowed to balk as well as renege at any server inside the queuing
 model. Along with welsh because of long queue, reneging due to some urgent phone call or text information received, while waiting in the queue is applied in this queuing model. Using (Kelly, F.P., 1975. Networks of queues with customers of different types. Journal of Applied Probability,
 12(3), pp.542–554) the difference-differential equations of the proposed model are obtained. Considering the system to be time independent, the time independent equations and corresponding solutions for various cases in the proposed queuing model are obtained. Further, it is submitted
 that the appearance process is Poisson, the administration time circulation is exponential, waiting space is finite, arrival of the customer depends upon the queue size at every service channel (serial/nonserial) and Service is done in random order rather than First come first serve principle.


Plants are a rich source of bio-functional phytochemicals. The present study was designed to investigate the methanol extracts of selected plants for their phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, urease and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitory potential.


Artificial immune system(AIS) was introduced to the estimation of distribution algorithms(EDAs) and a hybrid UMDA based on the clonal selection principle was proposed in order to improve the performance of univariate marginal distribution algorithm(UMDA) to solve difficult optimal problems.In each generation during the evolution,the clonal selection algorithm(CLONALG) was implemented.The local search capability was improved through hypermutation process.Simulation results on two different traveling salesman problems(TSP) show that the proposed algorithm has higher optimal performance than that of the UMDA and the CLONALG as well as the UMDA combining with 2-opt local search(UMDA2-opt),respectively.


A comparative study was performed to evaluate the immunostimulatory effect of yeast and yeast-derived glucan in white prawn Fenneropenaeus indicus (sub-adults of ∼20 gm). Feed with a whole cell biomass of marine yeast Candida sake S165 (CSY) at a concentration of 10% (w/w) and another feed with 0.2% glucan of C. sake S165 (CSG) were used in the study. Fenneropenaeus indicus were fed with these diets for 40 days and subsequently challenged with the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Haematological parameters such as the total haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, superoxide anion (O2−) level, haemolymph peroxidase level and post-challenge survival against WSSV infection were determined to assess the immune status. In the present experiment, a higher immunity index and post-challenge survival were recorded in shrimps fed with the whole cell yeast diet. The better immunostimulatory performance of the whole cell yeast diet compared with the glucan diet could be attributed to the cellular constituents of yeast including the cell wall glucan, nucleotides, carotenoid pigments and vitamins. Here we observed that whole cell yeast performed better as an immunostimulant than the extracted cell wall glucans. Therefore, the use of yeast biomass in diets, rather than the yeast cell wall extract, glucan, would confer better protection against microbial infection besides reducing the cost of shrimp production.


Deterrence and rational choice calculus theories can regulate or motivate employees' compliance with information systems security policy (ISSP). However, the two well-developed theories may not fully induce compliance behavior of ISSP given the growing trend of IS security violation in China. Deterrence and rational choice calculus employ an assumption of general awareness of ISSP to address compliance behavior. However, employees may judge their compliance behavior of ISSP in terms of positive and negative emotions but not the trade-off of benefits and costs (risks) only in the compliance. Grounded in regulatory focus theory (RFT), we propose a research model that addresses the motivational mechanisms for employees to comply with ISSP. We adopt a scenario-based questionnaire to survey employees of Chinese SMEs for model testing. The empirical results indicate that promotion-approach is better than promotion-avoidance in motivating compliance intention when employees are aware of the ISSP in their companies. However, promotion-approach and promotion-avoidance are ineffective in inducing compliance intention when employees are unaware of ISSP in Chinese SMEs. Information security awareness is not a necessary condition of the compliance of ISSP. Additionally, prevention-approach is better than prevention-avoidance in motivating compliance intention regardless of whether employees are aware or unaware of ISSP in the workplace. Our empirical results can provide meaningful implications for academics and practitioners.


Abstract This study seeks to understand the rhetorical tactics of Belva Bennett Lockwood, the first woman to run a campaign for U.S. President. Lockwood attempted to make a female presidential candidacy seem plausible by framing her actions as culturally expected, befitting for a woman, and prototypical for future female politicians. Through her use of rhetorical eikos, she seemed to suggest that female political leadership was not just probable but needed in the political culture of the time. A close reading of her campaign speeches and writings reveals the potential of eikotic logos to present a female presidential candidacy as innate, and thus logical, legitimate, and part of an essential future. This essay will present a historical review of Lockwood's unprecedented political campaigns, an analysis of the theoretical potential of eikos argument as seen through her rhetoric, and commentary on the state of women and cultural perceptions of presidentiality then and now.


New detection system design for heavy element research with 48Ca projectile has been reported. This system is based on application of 32 position sensitive strip PIPS detector and low pressure pentanefilled TOF detector application in 48 Ca induced nuclear reactions. To suppress beam associated with background products a new version of real-time method of "active correlations" has been applied. Namely with this technique and respective dynamic beam manipulation procedure, it has became possible to provide a deep background suppression in heavy ion induced nuclear reactions. Examples of applications in 249Bk+48Ca and 243Am+48Ca reactions are presented. The system development to operate together (in parallel) with the digital ORNL detection system to provide a quick search for ERalpha correlation chains has been discussed too. In that case the system operates with DSSSD large area Micron Semiconductors detector.


Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes severe infection in compromised individuals, including persons with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The expression of many virulence factors in P. aeruginosa is controlled by Quorum Sensing Molecules (QSMs) that are synthesized and secreted by this bacterium. Recent studies suggest that QSMs are also capable of interspecies communication, with exposure of mammalian cells to Acyl-Homoserine Lactones (AHLs) and Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) resulting in an immunomodulatory response. Although the initial immune response is intended to clear/contain the infection, this process is ineffective in CF lungs, and the persistent, excessive inflammation eventually leads to structural damage to the tissue. The goal of this study was to examine the response of IB3-1 CF airway epithelial cell line to PQS, alone and in conjunction with Pseudomonas-Derived Lipopolysaccharides (pLPS). In contrast to results obtained with other cell types suggesting that PQS is anti-inflammatory, PQS induced inflammation in the IB3- 1 CF cell line and exacerbated inflammation when administered simultaneously with LPS, as determined by ELISA for two markers of inflammation, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8. In addition, PQS was shown, for the first time, to act through toll-like receptor 4, a receptor that traditionally has only been associated with LPS. A better understanding of the role that QSMs play in the inflammatory response can potentially lead to new strategies to minimize airway destruction.


Land use changes have significantly altered the natural environment in which humans live. In urban areas, diminishing air quality poses a large threat to human health. In order to investigate the relationship between land use/cover change (LUCC) and air pollutants of Wuyishan City between 2014–2017, an integrated approach was used by combining remote sensing techniques with a landscape ecology methods. Annual, seasonal, and weekly mean values of air pollutant (SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, O3, PM2.5, black carbon) concentration and atmospheric visibility were calculated to develop a Pearson correlation between LUCC and air pollutants concentration. Results showed an increase in forested areas (1.79%) and water areas (15.89%), with a simultaneous reduction in cultivated land (6.47%), bare land (72.61%), and built-up land (16.03%) from 2014 to 2017. The transition matrix of land use types revealed that (i) forest expansion took place mainly at the expense of cultivated land (13.94%) and bare land (27.48%); and (ii) water area expansion took place mainly at the expense of cultivated land (1.29%) and forests (0.21%). In 2017, the proportion of days with AQI level I (94.52%) was higher than that in 2014 (88.77%). Additionally, the annual average visibility in 2017 (37.42 km) was higher than 2014 (27.46 km). The concentration of SO2, CO, O3, and black carbon was positively correlated with the cultivated land. The concentration of SO2, CO, and black carbon negatively correlated with the increase of forests. PM10, and PM2.5 is negatively correlated with the water area. Visibility was found to be positively correlated with forested area, and negatively correlated with cultivated land. The findings from this study represent a valuable gain in understanding of policies aimed at improving, safeguarding, and monitoring air quality. These results can be used to inform land-use planning decisions in a comprehensive way and could be a valuable tool for LUCC rational management strategies.


CE RTAI N LY one of the greatest future problems of the tire industry, which may be reflected in other problems, will be war-born overcapacity. Itmaywell be the industry's greatest single problem. But its relative importance can be judged only in connection with a reasonably complete view of the industry's distributive background over the years. For the tire industry has been historically a battleground in which a very free and untrammeled type of competition has been in evidence. The distributive problems after reconversion may be sharpened a bit here and there by the impact of the war, but basically they will be the same problems faced by the industry before the war. While these problems are different in detail, they are in no way un typical in broad outline of the great American industrial pattern. Our American industries have always been vital and lusty in their growing, formative years. In those years our industries have commonly been characterized by rapid product improvement, with sharply falling production costs and prices. The years of quick expansion have often witnessed the building of too much capacity, such as the tire industry had before the war. Frequently there has been exceedingly rugged competition among types of outlets, as there has been in this industry; and it is not at all unusual to witness the spectacle of retail outlets, handling national brands, contending for position with mass distributors, selling privately branded products I -a spectacle which we have of course witnessed in the tire business.


Since 10 years, end markets drastically changed towards mobile connected users and typical performance/cost KPIs have evolved towards more demanding PPAC (Power Performance Area Cost) metrics adding power consumption (battery life) and area (form factors) constraints. In this effort to bring more performance, less power or more functionality, innovation or evolution starting from substrates has demonstrated significant successes, such as FDSOI for extension of Moore's law beyond 28nm node. In the field of front end modules (FEM) for smartphones, switch, previously built on AsGa substrates, are now built on RFSOI substrates. These examples are perfect illustrations that engineered substrates era is supporting the extension of Moore and More Than Moore roadmaps.


A new procedure for calibrating ThFFF systems by using broad molecular weight standards based on a non-linear least squares fitting of the fractogram to the Molecular Weight Distribution to derive the system calibration parameters is presented and explored by simulation. This procedure proved robust with respect to noise and it is able to account for detector nonlinearity. The effect of band broadening was evaluated and it was found that significant bias is observed only for polydispersities lower than 1.3. The method was experimentally validated by using polystyrene in decalin and was then applied to polypropylene under conditions of high temperature ThFFF (Tc = 394 K). It appears that the presented method can be useful in characterising polyolefins polymers for which monodisperse standards are not available.


A using the data generated from the multi-stage beamformer and the beamforming method based on the harmonic component of the received echoes and generating an ultrasound image. Ultrasound imaging system (100, 200) includes a transducer array (108), the transducer array outputs an ultrasonic signal, receiving an echo generated in response to the ultrasonic signals the output including a plurality of transducer elements configured to. The ultrasound image processing system further includes a transmission circuit, the transmission circuit generates a pulse set for outputting the ultrasonic signal to operate the set of the plurality of oscillator elements. The ultrasound image processing system further includes a receiver circuit (112), the reception circuit includes a first beam shaper configured to generate an intermediate scan line and echo processing is the reception. Memory (126) stores the intermediate scan lines which are the product. The ultrasound image processing system further comprises a synthetic aperture processor (128), the said processor on the basis of the synthetic aperture algorithm to process the stored intermediate scan lines, configured to generate a focused image including second beam shaping device (130). .FIELD 1


The spatial distribution of the electric field E between two current terminals along the quasi-one-dimensional TaS3 conductor has been studied using a multicontact configuration. In the low-temperature range (30 VT the spatial distribution of E is governed by an additional voltage developed near both current terminals to maintain the conversion of the current of electrons in the sliding charge-density-wave condensate.


In the education industry, organizations must strive to optimize human and intellectual capital. Experience, knowledge, and teaching style can be part of the capital which needs to be organized in order to protect the "organizational memory". Having students who have been selected discretely, and the addition of many courses offered at preparatory center, academic management is the critical unit or key assets that will assist in the organization of the academic memory. Academic memories most of the time will reside with the owner.If memories are not being managed accordingly, the memories become wasted to the institution.Therefore, a lot of wasted
memories occur due to retired staff, contract termination, and replacement or death. Hence, the aim of this study is to 1) identify the person in charge of memory for academic purposes,2) identify memories of INTEC and 3)propose an appropriate
organizational memory framework or model for INTEC.Finally this study will be beneficial to researchers and practitioner who are interested in applying OM in an academic institution.


Recent global warming has increased the risk of heat stress which may adversely affect crop productivity worldwide. Higher temperature during reproductive stage is one of major constraint that adversely affects grain filling and seed setting in spring maize (Zea mays L.) The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of different elicitors (salicylic acid, CaCl2, Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract) to improve yield performance of heat stressed spring maize. Seed priming techniques (hydropriming, osmopriming, organic priming and hormonal priming) were used to investigate the impact of exogenous elicitors on physiological, biochemical and yield-related attributes of late planted spring maize. Results revealed that higher temperature at maturity caused membrane leakage, reduced photosynthetic pigments and net assimilation rate which ultimately led to decreased grain yield. However, exogenous elicitors improved emergence characteristics and triggered early seedling development, and exhibited significantly higher seedling chlorophyll contents than control plants. Among elicitors, salicylic acid (SA) exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic pigment (17%), membrane stability index (26%), relative water content (16%), crop growth rate (13%), net assimilation rate (29%), grain yield (27%), biological yield (14%), harvest index (9%) and grain protein (28%) as compared to control in late planted spring maize. The multivariate analysis also indicate that physio-biochemical traits were more pronounced in hormonal priming with SA as compared to other exogenous elicitors. In conclusion, application of exogenous elicitors like SA is most effective and easy approach that may help to improve crop performance with increased grain yield and quality in late planted spring maize that prone to high temperature.


The iustitia has been, since the beginning, a vast field of study, in particular for the jurists that belong to the Roman tradition, like Ulpian and Cicerone. They had already understood that this concept hovered around two main ideas: the justice understood in the contexts of will and in the human moral sphere. The search for justice must not be seen as something archaic or obsolete, but as something that nourishes the same science of law.

Keywords: Iustitia; Cicerone; Ulpiano; Gallo; Aequitas; voluntas.


Stadil, Flemming & Rehfeld, Jens F. 1973. Determination of Gastrin in Serum. An Evaluation of the Reliability of a Radioimmunoassay. Scand. J. Gastroent. 8, 101-112.In view of conflicting results o...


Change in the coastal zone is accelerating with external forcing by sea-level rise, nutrient loading, drought, and over-harvest, leading to significant stress on the foundation plant species of coastal salt marshes. The rapid evolution of marsh state induced by these drivers makes the ability to detect stressors prior to marsh loss important. However, field work in coastal salt marshes can be challenging due to limited access and their fragile nature. Thus, remote sensing approaches hold promise for rapid and accurate determination of marsh state across multiple spatial scales. In this study, we evaluated the use of remote sensing tools to detect three dominant stressors on Spartina alterniflora. We took advantage of a barrier island salt marsh chronosequence in Virginia, USA, where marshes of different ages and level of stressor exist side by side. We collected hyperspectral imagery of plants along with salinity, sediment redox potential, and foliar nitrogen content in the field. We also conducted a greenhouse study where we manipulated environmental conditions. We found that models developed for stressors based on plant spectral response correlated well with salinity and foliar nitrogen within the greenhouse and field data, but were not transferable from lab to field, likely due to the limited range of conditions explored within the greenhouse experiments and the coincidence of multiple stressors in the field. This study is an important step towards the development of a remote sensing tool for tracking of ecosystem development, marsh health, and future ecosystem services.


Drawing on a longitudinal study of the first two years of implementation of health care networks in Quebec, this paper describes how public sector managers deal with the complex challenges faced when both organizational structures and organizational strategies are radically transformed simultaneously. The new organizations studied had to completely reshuffle roles and responsibilities of their management teams while making sense of their new mandate to produce effective practice innovations – all the time maintaining day-to-day operations. The four health care networks studied proceeded somewhat differently to meet these reciprocal challenges. The study reveals the importance of balancing structuring initiatives with strategizing initiatives, developing capacities for sensemaking through the creation of key "sense-maker/ sense-giver" positions whose occupants are able to ensure that conceptual activities engage people working at different levels across the organization, and mobilizing external constraints and influences as opportunities and resources in sensemaking and restructuring.


This paper discusses the analytical and experimental development of a distributed active vibration absorber (DAVA) designed to reduce sound radiation and vibration over extended areas of elastic structures. The distributed vibration absorber, in contrast to the classical vibration absorber, consists of a continuous active elastic layer covered with a continuous mass distribution. The distribution of the mass layer can be optimally designed to reduce either sound radiation or vibration over selected areas or frequency bands for particular structures. The paper first discusses an analytical model of the DAVA based upon variational techniques and used in conjunction with a genetic algorithm to design the mass distribution optimally. Simulated results on vibration and sound radiation control for a vibrating beam are presented and are compared to experimental realizations of the DAVA. The analytical and experimental tests confirm that the DAVA can passively attenuate vibration and sound radiation through an ex...


This paper, divided into three parts, examines Frantz Fanon's diagnosis of actual and epistemic violence implicit in colonial domination in the first section. Taking into account that Fanon's insights partly derive from his work as a doctor and psychoanalyst, the second section of the paper evaluates his prescription of a cure for violence through resistance and insurgency. Fanon interprets collective violent uprising as an antidote to oppressive colonial violence. For him violence is necessary for decolonization of the mind and hence is therapeutic. This view may seem to be in sharp opposition to the ideas of Gandhi, Martin Luther King and Hannah Arendt on violence, nonviolence and resistance. Reflecting on these diverse views and their historical viability, I explain why Fanon is skeptical about the uses of nonviolence. Fanon's doubts are associated with his lack of faith in the national elites who pose as the new ruling class after political decolonization. The paper, in the third and concluding section, presents an analysis of Fanon's idea of national consciousness and its connotations in the globalized world.


The Hulthen-Kohn variational method was applied to the elastic scattering of electrons by hydrogen atoms. The trial function used was of a nonseparable form. which allowed for the virtual excitation of the 2s and 3s states. and contained a scaling parameter which was allowed to vary. The resulting scattering lengths and S. P, and D singlet and triplet phase shifts were compared with the results of other calculations, and reasons were given for expecting them to be of improved accuracy. (auth)


The word "fall" is not found in Genesis 3. The traditional view of the story is heavily dependent upon post-Old Testament interpretation, both in Judaism (Sir 25:24; Wis 2:24; cf. 2 Esdr 3:7-22; 7:118) and the New Testament (Rom 5:12-21; 1 Cor 15:21-22, 45-49), mediated to us through Augustine, the reformers, and others. My question is whether, as many have recently suggested, this traditional interpretation does violence to the text. In seeking to get at these questions, I will be interacting with a recent book by James Barr, The Garden of Eden and the Hope of Immortality. Barr claims: "OT scholars have long known that the reading of the story as the 'Fall of Man' in the traditional sense, though hallowed by St. Paul's use of it, cannot stand up to examination through a close reading of the text." Among others, he echoes Brueggemann, who states that "nothing could be more remote from the narrative" than the fall. And Westermann: "The narrative of Gen 2-3 does not speak of a fall," and these chapters know of no human being before sin. Key factors in reassessing Genesis 1-3 in the last 200 years have been the discovery of other creation stories in the ancient world, a more complex understanding of human beginnings emergent from non-theological disciplines, and a reappraisal of the literary genre of these chapters as other than historical narrative. Initially, a few remarks on the last factor.


e11595 Background: Paclitaxel (P) is an important part of chemotherapy regimens for early breast cancer. Breast cancer survivors may be left with iaotrogenic peripheral neuropathy which can affect their quality of life.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective, IRB approved, medical chart review to determine the rate of peripheral neuropathy in a tertiary care practice in central Pennsylvania. Patients had biopsy proven, newly diagnosed, high risk breast cancer. Patients were treated with a standard dose dense (DD) regimen where 4 cycles of adriamycin (A) 60 mg/m2/cyclophosphamide (C) 600 mg/m2 were followed by four cycles of paclitaxel (P) 175 mg/m2 every 2 weeks (Citron et al) between 7/2006 to7/2008 at Penn State Cancer Institute. All patients who received dose dense chemotherapy by a single provider were included (n=23). No peripheral neuropathy (PN) was reported before initiating paclitaxel, but 3 of 23 patients had type II diabetes. Electronic medical charts were reviewed and data was abstracted to analyze incidence of peripheral neuropathy. These data were compared to reported published data.

RESULTS
22 pts received dose dense AC followed by P chemotherapy. 100% completed 4 cycles of AC and 87% complete 4 cycles of P. Overall, 82% developed neuropathy (32% with grade 1, 41 % with grade 2, 9 % with grade 3). Almost 30% of patients required gabapentin for control of neuropathic pain. 35% of patients with PN had symptoms persisting >3 months after chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS
A considerable percentage of high risk, early breast cancer patients treated with AC followed by DD paclitaxel developed at least mild neurotoxicity. Rates of Grade 3 neurotoxicity were much higher (9%) than the previous CALGB-9741 study (4%). This may be related to regional pharmacogenomic differences. Although dense dose paclitaxel has been shown to improve disease free survival, PN affects most patients treated with paclitaxel and for some patients can have a prolonged impact on their quality of life. Future studies should attempt identify which patients are at risk for severe peripheral neuropathy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The present study proposes a reflection on the use of language through discourse and image as sources for historical research. To this end, based on Oral History and Semiotics, it presents the trajectory of swimmer Blanche Pironnet in Sao Paulo in the early 20 th century (1910-1920) as a reference in the study of the History of Women in sports in Brazil.