Abstract : Various terminal control schemes are applied to a proposed slender reentry vehicle, controlled by two separately-articulating flaps. The flap deflections are summarized as symmetric and asymmetric flap deflections; the former manipulates the drag, lift-curve slope, and static margin; the latter controls the vehicle trim characteristics. The control problem is interesting because the static margin can be actively controlled from statically stable in pitch to statically unstable in pitch. Deflection limits on the flaps present a control saturation that must be considered in control system design. A baseline, angle of attack tracking linear-quadratic servo (LQ-servo) controller is detailed, including an analysis of actuator dynamics and a lead compensator. Desired time response characteristics and robustness to center of pressure uncertainty, reduced control effectiveness, and external pitch accelerations drive the selection of a symmetric de deflection at specified points on the reentry trajectory. A hybrid switching- linear controller (SLC) is developed to reduce the peak overshoot and settling time. A saturated control drives the phase plane trajectory toward a region of satisfactory linear control, where the LQ-servo controller is properly initialized and controls the phase plane trajectory to the reference command. SLC does not provide appreciable robustness gains compared to the LQ-servo controller. A model-reference adaptive controller is described. Saturation effects prevent the adaptive controller from providing additional robustness. A method to adaptively control both the symmetric and asymmetric flap defections is proposed.


This paper presents an exact and efficient Critical Path Tracing algorithm targeting fault simulation of both Transition and Stuck-at faults. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is linear in the number of gates traced during the path tracing process. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed approach on a set of benchmark circuits.


Upper and lower bounds on the partition functions for finite systems of N rigid disks and N rigid spheres are obtained for the high‐density limit. The lower bounds are also valid in the thermodynamic limit of N→∞ and at all densities. Consider the following asymptotic form for the specific Helmholtz free energy for a classical mechanical system of N ν‐dimensional (ν=2 or 3) hard spheres confined in a volume V in the limit V→V0 (the close‐packed volume), AN/NkBT≅νln(Λ/σ)−νln[1−(V0/V)]+Cν(N), where Λ is the de Broglie wavelength and σ the sphere diameter. The lower bounds obtained for Cν(N) are C2(N) > −0.7576··· and C3(N) > −0.05074···. Two upper bounds found for C2 are C2<1.530··· and C2<1.289···. An upper bound for C3 is 3.6423···.


In 1993 the Department of Adult and Continuing Education (D.A.C.E.) in the University of Glasgow established a new community-based 'collaborative' adult education project that became known as PreAccess. It was designed originally as a 'first-step' route that helped students in making the often frightening move from 'informal' community-based learning to more challenging 'formal' provision in one of the city's Further Education colleges or universities. But just as importantly, it was also organized as a stimulating and intellectually challenging programme of classes that had value in itself, enriching local civic and neighbourhood life. Meeting these aims meant that the Pre-Access had to be organized around a number of features that included:


Summary: CD4 regulatory T cells have a major role in controlling the immune response to self and foreign antigens. Natural CD4+ CD25+ T cells are a major component of the regulatory subset. Their absence is associated with the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and with abnormal peripheral T‐cell homeostasis. Two main characteristics discriminate natural CD4+ CD25+ T cells from their CD4+ CD25− counterparts, namely their cytokine production profile and their behavior during tolerance induction. Natural CD4+ CD25+ T cells produce interleukin (IL)‐10, a cytokine that contributes to their regulatory role. They do not produce IL‐2 and are dependent on exogenous IL‐2 for proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Studies of their response to superantigen administration in vivo show that they are resistant to clonal deletion but can be tolerized by anergy. Their resistance to apoptosis may contribute to their continuous regulatory function, as it allows them to maintain permanent control over effector T cells.


Sequence-Pair based floorplanning has been revealed its limit of usefulness in VLSI physical design. Among reasons, the key issue is in its being non-hierarchical and indifferent to the preceding step of partitioning. This paper restructure the algorithm by the idea that the partition algorithm produces the constraint that is imposed on the sequence-pair data. The partition algorithm is the one based on the balanced-bipartition that works hierarchically. Thus a new floorplan algorithm that is consistent with the hierarchical partition algorithm is constructed. This is enhanced to include other algorithms that are based on the binary search. Here, a clock-tree synthesis by H-tree is shown to be consistent. Experiments are given to show better achievements in length and wire-density.


Objective: The aims of this public-funded study were to assess prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and control of hypertension in the adult population in France in 2015 and to describe temporal trends between 2006 and 2015. Design and method: A cross-sectional survey (Esteban) based on a multistage sampling design was conducted in France in 2015–2016. The design was the same as the one of the 2006-survey. Both samples were representative of the French adult population (18–74 years). Blood pressure (BP) was measured in a national sample of non-institutionalized adults during a health examination. Sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors were collected by questionnaires. Reimbursements of pharmacological treatments during the year preceding the survey came from the national health insurance inter-scheme information system. Hypertension was defined by systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg, or a reimbursement of BP-lowering drugs. Results: 2,169 adults (men: 42.2%) had a least two BP measurements. Mean age was 46.9 years. Mean BP was 131.2/78.6 mmHg in men and 121.8/74.9 mmHg in women. The BP was > 140 mmHg or > 90 mmHg in 29.5% of men and in 17.7% of women. The prevalence of hypertension was 30.6% [28.1–33.2] (36.5% in men and 25.1% in women) and increased with age. Among hypertensive adults, 47.3% [42.3–52.2] were treated with BP-lowering drugs. Among hypertensive treated adults, 49.6% were controlled (41.4% in men and 60.1% in women). Since 2006, the prevalence of hypertension was stable (p = 0.90).The proportion of hypertensive treated adults and of controlled hypertensive treated adults did not differ significantly (p = 0.11 and 0.84, respectively). Considering the threshold of 130/80 mmHg, the prevalence of hypertension would increase up to 48.8% [CI 95%: 46.0–51.7] and control rate would decrease down to 19.2% [CI 95%: 14.1–24.4]. Among hypertensive patients, 38% did not have any other cardiovascular risk factors, 36% had 1 (mostly sedentary and obesity) and 20% had 2 other risk factors Conclusions: During the past decade, despite production of several guidelines and incentives, the prevalence of hypertension remained high and the treatment and the control of hypertension didn't significantly improve in France.


This paper investigated the requirement of the on-orbital service in the future,which is how to approach the non-cooperative object in a autonomous way. Firstly,based on the orbit dynamics equation described in the line-of-sight coordinate frame and the attitude dynamics equation described with the Modified Rodriques Parameters in the body coordinate frame of the chaser spacecraft,the spacecraft's six degrees of freedom quasi-Lagrange dynamics equation was set up. And then,only using the relative position and the relative attitude information,and also considering the uncertainty of the spacecraft quality,the adaptive non-linear output feedback control and the neural networks control were employed to design the combined attitude and orbit controller. In order to prove the closed loop system's stability,the Lyapunov approach was used. Finally,the simulation results confirmed the validity of the method which can achieve the good tracking performance when approaching to the target.


The "Ever-Present Danger" - Winston Churchill's Assessment of the German Naval Challenge Before the First World War - John H Maurer Winston Churchill, Pacific Security, and the Limits of British Power, 1921-41 - Christopher M. Bell The Limitations of the Politician-Strategist - Winston Churchill and the German Threat, 1933-1939 - B.J.C. McKercher Churchill and Technology - David Jablonsky.


Abstract We present a case of a 44 year old male with pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) presenting simultaneously with diagnosis of acute leukemia. His skin disease was stabilized with corticosteroids and most lesions cleared after chemotherapy-induced remission of the malignancy, but the largest lesion remained necrotic. Surgical treatment of the large necrotic ulcer included debridement followed by split-thickness skin graft while maintaining corticoid therapy. Unfortunately, relapse of the pyoderma gangrenosum with bullous lesions heralded relapse of the ultimately fatal malignancy. This case illustrates: 1. PG presenting simultaneously with a haematologic malignancy 2. Relapse with atypical bullous lesions with return of the malignancy and 3. The use of surgical modalities in managing patients with PG, a disease notorious for surgical complications.


The research work entitled " IMPLEMENTATION OF A SYSTEM OF BUSINESS ACCOUNTING FOR THE " COMMERCIAL LUIGGY AND SISTERS " CITY MACHALA , PERIOD SEPTEMBER- OCTOBER 2013 " was developed in order to organize technical and accounting company , to provide a contribution to economic growth itself, through the effective control of their business; was prepared according to the requirements and regulations of the National University of Loja, for obtaining BA in Accounting and Auditing, Certified Public Auditor.
By implementing the commercial accounting system in the aforementioned company , were complied with the objectives as they proceeded to the lifting of the initial inventory which the company did not have a chart of accounts are also created according to business needs and entire accounting process was developed in an orderly and sequential , to finally present the financial statements to be of great importance to the owners and that they will know the real situation of your business and take appropriate and timely decisions.
He completed the accounting process will be released to their owners the results , as they are keen to continue the same , since they serve as instructive to improve your internal controls and comply timely with their tax and accounting


Oils from European oilseeds, in particular sunflower oil and rapeseed oil, are very useful to create added value. The enormous increase of the consumption of sunflower oil during the last years has its main reason in concrete and demonstrable health aspects. Additionally, sunflower oil has an excellent application performance. Rapeseed oil has also a wide spectrum of usability and good properties for industrial application. It has to be noted that these valuable raw materials which have been created by the European agriculture have become subject of fierce political battle. Following recent changes in the market organisation, the absence of any longer-term concept is quite noticeable. All this happens in the absence of any production surpluses for oilseeds in the world


Natural gas exploration in Nanpu sag, Bohai Bay Basin, has achieved breakthroughs in recent years, and a number of natural gas and condensate wells with high yield have been found in several structures in the beach area. Daily gas production of single wells is up to 170,000 m3, and high‐yield wells are mainly distributed in the Nanpu No. 1 structural belt. Studies have shown that these natural gases are mainly hydrocarbon gases, with methane content about 80% to 90% and ethane 6%–9%, so they are mainly wet gas; and non‐hydrocarbons are at a low level. Carbon isotopes of methane range from −42‰ to −36‰, and ethane from −28‰ to −26‰. Calculated maturity based on the relationship between δ13C and R0 of natural gas, the gases are equivalent to those generated from organic matter when R0 is 1.0%–1.7% (mainly 1.25%–1.32%). The natural gas is oil‐type gas generated from the source rocks at mature to high mature stage, associated with condensate, so carbon isotopes of the gases are heavier. Natural gas in the Nanpu No.1 structural belt is mainly associated gas with condensate. The analysis of the origin and source of natural gas and condensate, combined with the monomer hydrocarbon carbon isotopes and biomarker, indicated that the main source rocks in the Nanpu No.1 structural belt were Es3 (the lower member of the Shahejie Formation), followed by Es1 (the upper member of the Shahejie Formation). The high‐mature hydrocarbons from source rocks in the deep sag mainly migrated through deep inherited faults into shallow traps and accumulated to form oil and gas pools. Therefore, there is a great potential for exploring gas in deep layers.


GIS has advantages in dealing with space data and property data in compared with the general MIS. We used Visual Basic 6.0 and GIS development software MapInfo Professional 4.5 to study and develop " the Public Estate Resource Management System of South China Technology University" which be used for estate management. This paper discussed the primary function of the system, the database designing and several key technology problems which had been solved


Web Cluster is an effective mechanism used in Web site construction to deal with the system capacity problem. Researchers proposed several strategies or algorithms, which improve the performance and scalability of the Web cluster system. In this paper, a content-based load distribution algorithm is proposed. It takes the processing ability of back-end severs and the request load weight into account, and ensure the request locality. The emulation results illustrate that this algorithm performs better in different kinds of Web site, comparing with other relative algorithms.


PURPOSE: A vehicle state recognition system is provided to recognize the state of a vehicle by activating or deactivating a tactile display device according to state information of a vehicle component. CONSTITUTION: Two tactile display devices(300) are attached to both sides of a steering wheel. A vehicle component sensing device(100) senses and outputs state information of vehicle components. A control device(200) analyzes the state information of the vehicle component and activates/deactivates the tactile display devices. The vehicle component sensing device receives state information through CAN(Car Area Network) communication.


Staland B. (1981) Continuous treatment with natural oestrogenh and progestogens. A method to avoid endometrial stimulation. Mufuritas 3, 145-151. Studd J . W. W. & Thom M. (1981) Oestrogens and endometrial cancer. In Progress in Ohstetrirs and Gynaecology. (Studd J. W. W. cd). Churchill Livingstone, London, Vol. 1. pp. 182-198. Sturdcc D. W., Wadc-Evans T., Patcrson M. E. L., Thorn M. H. & Studd J. W. W. (1978) Kclations between bleeding patterns, endometrial histology and oestrogen treatment in menopausal women. Br Med .I i , 1575-1577. Thom M.. While P. J . , Williams R. M., Sturdee D., Patterson M. E. L., Wade-Evans T. & Studd J. W. W. (1979) Prcvcntion and trcatmcnt of cndometrial disease in climacteric women receiving oestrogen therapy. Lancet i , 455-457. Ziel H. K. & Finkle W. D. (1975) Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens. N Engl J Med 293, 1167-1170.


In enology, yeasts play an important role in the characteristics of the final product. They are predominant in the biochemical interaction with components of must. Rapid identification of the yeast population is necessary for fermentation process monitoring and for obtaining a good quality wine. The main goal of this study was the isolation and characterisation of the yeast microbial community naturally present on grape berries, leaves and occurring during the spontaneous fermentation process of the white wine Veltlin green from the South Moravian region, Czech Republic. The results, based on PCR-RFLP of the 5.8S-ITS region of rDNA, PCR-fingerprinting using microsatellite oligonucleotide primers (GAG)5, (GTG)5, (GAC)5, and M13 primer, showed great diversity of the yeast population. Including grape berries and fermented must, the following yeast species were identified: Hanseniaspora uvarum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Torulaspora delbrueckii, a number of Pichia species such as P. fermentans, P. membranifaciens, P. kluyveri, also Sporidiobolus salmonicolor, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula glutinis as well as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus. Monitoring of the yeast strains during the wine fermentation process of traditional Moravian wine can contribute to the improvement of wine quality.


How to use this book. Part One: A catalogue of multiple congenital anomaly syndromes. Part Two: Diagnostic index. Part Three: Appendices. Appendix A: Features used in the Diagnostic index. Appendix B: Features not used in the Diagnostic index. Appendix C: List of syndromes, with synonyms.


This work focused on four aspects: urban design, urban regeneration, the introduction of economy and culture during urban regeneration and the role of urban design in urban regeneration. Recognition of more functions of city design besides space modeling and planning management of city regeneration by integrated environment improvement led to the conclusion that city design benefits the economic and cultural rehabilitation and development. With the introduction of the designs of Birmingham and the Northern Quarter in England, the role of urban design in the regeneration of urban economy and culture was analyzed. The results can give some advice for urban construction in the course of the fast urbanization in our country, during which sustainable urban development should be tried for, in order to achieve urban regeneration and enhance urban quality by creating a new urban environment and meeting the needs of modern times and market requirements.


"The one quality that can be developed by studious reflection and practice is the leadership of men." Leadership ability consists of learned skills that are developed throughout a leader's career. Of course, like most abilities, there are many factors in addition to learning that impact leadership competence, including one's personality traits and other inherited abilities. The scientific community has examined extensive data over the years on leadership emergence by using identical twin (MZA twins) studies to analyze the connection between genetics and leadership ability. The overall conclusion from one of the most extensive meta-analytic studies conducted on the subject (Ilies, Gerhardt, & Le, 2004) concludes that 17% of leadership emergence can be attributed to inheritance. This study, as with most studies on genetically inherited leadership skills, focused on what is known as the " Big Five " personality traits: (1) Emotional Stability, (2) Extraversion, (3) Openness, (4) Agreeableness, and (5) Conscientiousness. The finding of 17% was calculated by combining the Big Five traits with cognitive ability (IQ scores). While this definitely reveals that there is some genetic component to leadership ability, it also reveals that significant majority of it is learned. Certainly there is evidence which suggests some leadership aptitude can be predicted through assessing personality traits as part of the selection process. However, the tools used to measure personality are fraught with error, rendering the results far from certain. Therefore, predicting success through the selection process is not the lone silver bullet for selecting leaders. Personality theorist Seymour Epstein commented on one of the critical problems with using psychological trait categories (" factors ") to understand personality: " Rather than explaining behavior, they themselves require explaining. " This is an important hurdle to overcome, as it reveals face validity problems associated with personality testing at the time of selection. For example, while we do know that intelligence (as measured by IQ) is correlated to leadership ability, it is difficult to prove how the talent for flipping 3D shapes or to solve brain teasers correlates to say, motivational speaking or excellent customer service skills. The truth about strong leadership ability goes way beyond genetic inheritance. House and Mitchell (1974) advanced the proposition that effective leaders have the ability to influence and inspire others to voluntarily increase their level of effort to the organization. This is accomplished, according to House and Mitchell, through the leader's unique focus toward satisfying the needs …


Homogeneous thin fi lms have been obtained by UV-excimer pulsed laser deposition from a PMMA bulk material. The structure of fi lms is at variance with the structure of the bulk polymer. The size of the ordered domains, as well as the structural features, evidenced by X-ray diffraction in the deposited films, depend on the fluence of the ultraviolet laser pulse used in the ablation process and on the temperature of the substrate. The radial distribution functions of the bulk PMMA material and thin films show differences in the short range order ascribed to the breaking of the polymer chains and monomer dissociation during deposition process.


Abstract. The paper reports on an action research study that evaluated the usefulness of a Manufacturing Information Systems (MIS) development methodology at a manufacturing technology company. The evaluation process is based upon a five‐stage action research method. The ISD methodology, in conjunction with the action research method, was used to solve five technical and organizational problems identified in the Engineering Release Function of the company. Results of the study include reduction in cycle time, work‐in‐process and rework.


Recent findings about UHMWPE oxidation from in vivo stresses lead to the need of a better understanding of which anti-oxidant additivation method is the best option for the use in orthopaedic field. A GUR 1050 crosslinked Vitamin E - blended UHMWPE has been investigated, to provide an accurate outline of its properties.

DSC and FTIR measurements, together with ageing and tensile tests were performed on compression moulded blocks, as well as biocompatibility tests, including implantation on rabbits. Moreover, wear simulations on finished components (Delta acetabular liners) have been completed.

All the test procedures have been repeated for a reference material, a GUR 1050 crosslinked and remelted standard UHMWPE (commercial name UHMWPE X-Lima), and the outcomes have been compared to the crosslinked Vitamin E - blended UHMWPE ones.

On the additivated UHMWPE, we found a ultimate tensile strength of 43 MPa, a yield strength value of 25 MPa, and an elongation to breakage equal to 320%. The degree of cristallinity was 45 ± 2%, and no signal of creation of oxidation products was detected up to 2000 h of permanence in oxidant ambient after the ageing test. The reference material showed comparable mechanical resistance values (∗ = 40 MPa, y = 20 MPa, 350% elongation), a cristallinity of 46 ± 2%, and the creation of oxidation products starting from 700 h in oxidant ambient. The biocompatibility tests indicate that the additivated material is biocompatible, as the reference X-Lima UHMWPE.

Wear tests gave a wear rate of 5,09 mg/million cycles against 6,13 mg/million cycles of the reference material, and no sign of run in wear rate.

Our results indicate that there is no change in mechanical properties in respect to the reference material. This is confirmed by DSC measurements, that show no change in cristallinity. The blend between polymer and additive assures an uniform concentration of Vitamin E across the whole thickness of the moulded block, and ageing test results on additivated UHMWPE have shown that the material possess a superior resistance to degradation phenomena.

Biocompatibility assess that the presence of Vitamin E is not detrimental for the in vivo use of the material, and wear results indicate a better wear resistance of the material, especially in the first stages of the wear process.

From these considerations, it can be concluded that the material, in respect to the standard UHMWPE, is highly resistant to oxidation phenomena, therefore it is expected to have superior in vivo endurance performance.


COVID-19 threatens the livelihood and lives of people all over the world. Presently, the disease presents a major health concern in Egypt and all over the world. Evaluating the built and physical environment is one of the solutions to reduce epidemic impact before developing its medications (as "prevention"). Epidemics have altered the usage of our built environment because of the infection fear. As a result, urbanism and architecture will never be the same after the COVID-19 epidemic. However, the current global epidemic poses significant challenges in the built environment at all levels, developing an antivirus-enabled paradigm to stop the spreading of virus or decrease the potential risks will take time. Many unanswered questions require further multidisciplinary studies. This investigation provides an overview for impact of the current COVID-19 Pandemic on the field of residential architecture and how it might change the architecture of built environment.


This research paper refers to the optimization of lighting system on a straight and short tunnel, with a length of approximately 100 m and located in the Municipality of Resita in Romania, where the lighting is currently provided by luminaires equipped with HPS lamps. As the results of the light measurements, they do not correspond to the recommendations of the norms and standards in force, one redesigned the tunnel lighting system using authorized and specialized software SifisaLux-Tunel, because the tunnel lighting feature according to the standard is not currently available in DIALux evo nor in DIALux 4.13. By design, we used luminaires with LED modules with superior light and energy efficiency compared with existing HPS lamps. Through the results one obtained an optimized designing for the lighting system in the tunnel, in order to ensure a safety road traffic.


This paper presents a fully integrated wake-up receiver (WuRx) with direct active RF detection. The RF front-end features a high-sensitivity RF detector embedded with input matching network, obviating the need of RF amplification and LO generation for frequency downconversion. This complete receiver contains an RF detector, IF amplifiers, and a continuous-time ΣΔ ADC to provide inherent anti-alias filtering, which simplifies the overall design in 0.18-μm CMOS process. It achieves a sensitivity of -65 dBm for data rate of 100 kbps, operating in 2.4 GHz ISM band with only 10 μW. By adjusting the input matching, it can also operate for 5.8 GHz band, providing -50 dBm sensitivity without additional power consumption.


The State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database is a valuable source for assessment of soil properties at a state level. Using GIS techniques, eight physical soil properties were extracted from the database, including available water capacity, clay content, soil depth, slope, depth to water table, drainage, texture, and permeability. The influences of these soil properties on drought severity, which was estimated by NDVI departures from normal, were determined over western-central Kansas. Study results showed that seven soil properties had significant relationships with drought severity with correlation coefficients, ranging from -0.89 to 0.85. Thermal emission signals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) had a significant relationship with drought severity expressed by NDVI departure from normal and represented spatial progression of drought over time well. High thermal signals, indicating high soil moisture deficit, emerged in the western region and their spatial distribution changed over time. Different sets of soil factors influenced drought severity among early-drying and late-drying areas.


SUMMARY

The purpose of this work was to study the NMR properties of bound water (BW) in wheat flour, corn starch and egg white at room temperature end to develop a method for quantitative determination of BW in a material and its maximum BW capacity. Each sample was studied over the 5 to 85% moisture range, using a wide-line NMR Spectrometer. At the lowest radiofrequency attenuation, hydrogen nuclei from free water gave a negligible signal but the hydrogen from BW gave a strong signal, giving rise to a new definition for BW and a new method for its quantitative determination, both at room temperature. Within a given set of instrument parameters, the hydrogen nuclei from BW showed NMR properties independent of dry matter. Therefore, a "universal" NMR calibration constant per unit weight BW could be derived for these food products. The weight of bound water per unit weight of dry matter increased with increasing total moisture content to a maximum, called Bound Water Capacity, which was independent of total moisture content but varied with the product.


Carbon-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 (GSTC) film has been experimentally studied as a thermal stable material for high temperature applications. The 10-yr data retention temperature is remarkably increased through C doping. Furthermore, GSTC films have better interface properties after annealing at 410 °C for 30 min. The density variation of GSTC film is significantly improved, which is very important to device reliability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal that the thermal stability enhancement of GSTC film attributes to the forming of C-Ge, C-Sb, and C-Te bonds. The perfect thermal stability makes GSTC materials a good candidate in the actual production of phase-change memory.


The drug discovery process depends upon the synthesis and testing of thousands of compounds to bring a new drug through discovery, clinical testing, development, and FDA approval. Recent advances in high throughput screening have created the need for the accelerated synthesis of small organic molecules. By combining solid phase chemistry, organic synthesis, and automation with a unique apparatus capable of performing techniques common to organic synthesis, "libraries" of organic compounds (DIVERSOMERSTM) are efficiently generated. This was demonstrated by the multiple simultaneous synthesis of 40 hydantoins and 40 benzodiazepines, related to Dilantin® and Valium®, respectively. © 1994 Wiley‐Less, Inc.


Rice (Oryza sativa L.) belongs to family Poaceae. It is a cereal grain cultivated throughout the world. Rice is one of the largest crop products of Pakistan. In the present study of two varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.), Swat Sella and Punjab Basmati varieties were studied in vitro for the assessment of germination and different growth parameters. These varieties were subjected in hydroponic culture to 100mM, 200mM, and 300mM of NaCl and compared with control. The increase in concentration of NaCl adversely affected the seedling germination and growth parameters. The results showed that Swat Sella rice variety showed greater average number of seeds germination, radicle length and plumule length in 100mM, 200mM, and 300mM of NaCl compared to Punjab variety. However, in controlled medium, it was observed that Punjab variety showed higher fresh weight of seedlings, plumule length, root length of plants, shoot length of plants and dry weight of plants in comparison to Swat variety. It can be concluded that the Swat Sella rice variety is better adopted and can grow better in salinity compared to Punjab variety that grows best in non-saline conditions.
Keywords: Rice (Oryza sativa L.); Swat sella; Punjab basmati; NaCl; Hydroponic culture
http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.60075


The temp. dependence of the 19F static and rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation times (T1 and T1ρ) of solid IF6AsF6 is studied in the range 213-393 K. The results indicate the presence of a phase transition at 350 K and a supercooled high temp. phase.


In this paper, a hybrid control strategy based on modified repetitive control (MRC) and multi-loop control are presented for single-phase photovoltaic (PV) inverter in stand-alone mode. Multi-loop controller are adopted to gain good dynamic performance, while a plug-in modified repetitive controller is proposed to achieve zero steady-state error for sinusoidal reference. In addition, in order to solve the contradiction between stability and control performance of the repetitive controller, the relationship between control performance and robustness is elaborated, and the optimization method of repetitive controller is presented, which increased the freedom to design the compensator. The stability of overall system has been analyzed and the explicit optimization procedures of repetitive controller have been proposed. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed strategy offers good-quality sinusoidal voltage with nearly zero-steady state and low total harmonic distortion (THD) under different load conditions.


The large-scale access of wind power generation has brought an unprecedented impact on the power system, especially on the power quality. Harmonics will inevitably be generated by wind farms during operation and affect the normal and safe power supply and stable operation of power system, endanger personal safety and reduce economic efficiency. In this paper, the necessity of harmonic technical supervision of wind farm is emphasized, and the the contents of harmonic technical supervision is introduced. In addition, a typical harmonic accident in a wind farm is analysed to illustrate how harmonic causes losses to wind farm and power system, and some suggestions are put forward for the wind farms.


We report here energy transfer phenomenon occurred in single-phased Sr3Al2O6:Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ and Sr3Al2O6:Tb 3+ ,Eu 3+ phosphors for the application in fluorescent lamps. The energy transfer phenomenon in Sr3Al2O6:Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ and Sr3Al2O6:Tb 3+ ,Eu 3+ systems were observed as a result of increasing concentration of cerium and europium in Sr3Al2O6:Tb 3+ system. The Sr3Al2O6:Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ phosphor exhibits emission over blue and green region of the visible spectrum corresponding to 5 D37 FJ transitions and 5 D47 FJ transitions of Tb 3+ ions. The addition of Ce3+ in the Sr3Al2O6:Tb3+ results in enhancing the 5D3 transitions of Tb3+.Whereas Sr3Al2O6:Tb 3+ ,Eu 3+ phosphor when excited by 254 nm shows sharp lines peaked in 400-550nm due to 5 D37 FJ transitions and 5 D47 FJ transitions of Tb 3+ ions and sharp peaks in the orange–red region (580–700 nm) originating from 5 D07 FJ transitions of Eu 3+ ions. The thermoluminescence study was performed on the βirradiated c to study its change in trap depths due to addition of cerium and europium as co-activator. Thus from the above studies it is observed that Sr3Al2O6:Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ phosphors are good contestant for bluish green and yellowish white light emitting phosphors.


Polylactide(PLA) and poly(ethylene carbonate)(PEC) have been considered to be the very promising family of biodegradable materials.Due to its non-toxicity,excellent mechanical property,good biocompatibility and biodegradability,a novel copolymer was synthesized and characterized in our present research.In this paper,ring-opening copolymerization of lactide and ethylene carbonate has successfully been initiated with stannous chloride under the argon atmosphere.And the copolymer structure has been characterized by using infrared spectra(IR),()~1H-NMR and gel-permeation chromatograph(GPC).The copolymer structure is confirmed that(-OCOCH(CH_3)-) and-OCOCH_2CH_2-are the major backbone repeats of the copolymer.The copolymer is suggested a potential biomedical material that can be used in the field of drug controlled release.


The wetlands are the integral element of the natural resource of Benin Republic. However, anthropic pressure on those "fragil" environments, contribute to the reducing of their surface and accordingly, to a loss their biodiversity. The target objective is to make cartography of land units from 1990 to 2014 in order to identify the various pressures upon the wet ecosystems. A 2014 Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS image and a 1990 map of Benin land cover were used to establish the cartography. We used the Maximum likelihood algorithm to execute the supervised classification of the landsat image in ERDAS. The mapping of the land's units in the wetlands was then carried out in ArcGIS. The results revealed that the tree savana have completely disappeared. It represents 11.47 % of the landscape in 1990 against 0 % in 2014. The mosaics of fields and fallows under palm plantations have reduced to -30.42 % in 2014. They represent 66.63 % of the landscape. The land units which progressed are the mosaic of fields and fallow (12.06 %), the swamps (10.47 %), the plantations (5.26 %) and the agglomerations (2.71 %). This shows strong human pressure exerted on the natural vegetation of the wetlands in the Allada district. These results will provide the local authorities with a tool for decision support, for an efficient use and a sustainable management of these natural wet ecosystems.


To identify the intrinsic connections within different layers of area 17 of the cat visual cortex we studied the initial neurons labelled by horseradish peroxidase retrograde axonal transport in serial sections. A computer model of visual neural networks (Dudkin et al, 1995 Proceedings of SPIE 122) has been specially developed in these studies to classify cortical neurons according to their specific anatomic features. There are two main stages of the recognition process in this model: feature selection by nonlinear neural operators and classification (clustering) connected with algorithms of cluster analysis. In the first stage, the primary image processing and segmentation are performed by interactive algorithms, which allow us to form several primary image descriptions and to extract the basic description elements of the cell. From these elements, a feature vector consisting of 17 normalised measures is extracted. In the second stage of the recognition process several algorithms are used to cluster the cells according to the feature vectors extracted. It was possible to group these vectors into compact clusters and to associate each group of vectors with a certain type of cells (pyramidal, spiny, and smooth stellate cells). These results are part of the task of creating a computer image data base and 3-D reconstruction of the cortico-cortical connections in the visual system.


The objective of this talk is to present a novel method which can perform the fast computation of the times of arrival of seismic waves which propagate between a source and an array of receivers in a stratified medium. This method combines signal processing concepts for the approximation of interfaces and wavefronts, and ray theory for the propagation of wavefronts. The main idea is to put in adequation the computations with the the precision and the resolution of the source signal in order to avoid unnecessary computational eort. This new approach leads to the redefinition and simplification of the model through which waves propagate. The modifications are governed by the spectral characteristics of the source signal. All rays are computed without any omission at a much lower cost in computing time than classical methods. In addition, we will show how to include surface waves such as head waves within the proposed method.


Due to recent concerns about energy sustainability, solar power is becoming more prevalent in distributed power generation. There are still obstacles which need to be addressed before solar power can be provided at the level of reliability that utilities require. Some of these issues can be mitigated with strategic use of energy storage. In the case of load shifting, energy storage can be used to supply solar energy during a time of day when utility customer's demand is highest, thus providing partial peak load burden relief or peak shaving. Because solar resource availability is intermittent due to clouds and other atmospheric factors, charge/discharge planning must take weather into consideration. Many inter-day and intra-day solar resource prediction methods have been developed to aid in firm (high-reliability) resource establishment and peak-shaving through various methods and data sources with different levels of complexity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of readily-available, day-ahead National Weather Service (NWS) forecasts to develop a PV resource prediction. Using past day-ahead NWS weather forecasts and historical


Oral and dental cares is a substantial aspect of the overall medical care for people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), although fear of status disclosure is a main barrier to access these cares. Sufficient knowledge and proper attitude can facilitate more access and delivery of dental cares. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of social networking education on HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and practice in dentistry students. This was before and after intervention study which conducted among 60 dental students in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2017. Study intervention was educational video files posting to all participants through social network, telegram messenger. Mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice measured and compared between before and after intervention. Data were analyzed by paired t test using SPSS version 21. Sixty students, 55% male and 45% female, included in the study. Mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice of studied subjects were increased after intervention. This increase was statistically significant for attitude (P=0.002) and practice (P=0.004). The improvement of attitude and practice was significantly observed in female (P=0.002) and single (P=0.01) and senior students (P=0.008). In conclusion, social networking education as an effective intervention can be used to improve the attitude and practice of dentistry students in dealing with HIV/AIDS patients. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2019; 12(2): 617-621)


Labyrinth gas seals are one of the important key parts in large rotating machinery. Its structural form not only affects the airproof performance, but also have an important influence on the stability of machinery. An unsteady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver is used to study the airproof performance and rotordynamic stability of the labyrinth gas seals with 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°and 150°inclined teeth respectively. The basic time marching algorithm used to solve the fully 3D unsteady governing equations is known as a hybrid finite-analytic-difference scheme. Theκ-emodel is chosen to model the turbulent components in the governing equations due to its widely acknowledged reputation. Some results which is of value to the design of super-critical steam turbine are obtained.


The Kendrick brachiopods of Pennsylvanian age secreted low-Mg calcite shells with average SR2+ content of 1,140 ppm. The crinoids and rugose corals secreted intermediate-Mg calcite skeletons with average Sr2+ contents of 2,140 ppm and 1,770 ppm, respectively. Conversely, the Kendrick mollusks secreted aragonite shells which contain less than 1,000 ppm Mg2+. However, the average Sr2+ content (4,040 ppm for the cephalopods, 5,210 ppm for the gastropods, and 4,840 ppm for the pelecypods) is higher by a factor of about 2 over the average Sr2+ content of their Holocene counterparts. The brachiopods, gastropods, and pelecypods precipitated calcium carbonate in oxygen (average -4.5 ppt, ^dgr18O, PDB) and carbon (average +1.7 ppt, ^dgr13C, PDB) isotopic equilibrium with ambient Pennsylvanian seawater. The crinoids and rugose corals are light in both ^dgr13C and ^dgr18O by about 5 ppt, relative to isotopic equilibrium values. This isotopic depletion, as in the crinoids' modern counterparts, probably relates to the incorporation of isotopically light metabolic oxygen and carbon at the site of calcification. In contrast, the Kendrick cephalopods apparently precipitated shell aragonite in oxygen isotopic (-4.5 ppt) equilibrium with ambient seawater, whereas their carbon isotopic composition (+0.5 to -5.4 ppt) is controlled pos ibly by kinetic effects. The Fe2+ and Mn2+ contents of the fossil allochems and shale suggest that Kendrick seawater was slightly euxinic. In addition, the Na2+ content and oxygen isotopic composition indicate a slightly higher water temperature and hyposalinity for Kendrick seawater. Diagenetic alteration is limited to occlusion of pore spaces in the fossils and to compaction and cementation of the shale. This process probably occurred in the marine and/or submarine environment. End_of_Article - Last_Page 552------------


Introduction Sclerostin (Scl) is a Wnt pathway antagonist and is considered to have a role in the bone-vascular axis in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, there is a paucity of data on the relation of circulating serum Scl and valvular calcifications (VCs) in chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis (HD) patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum Scl level and cardiac valve calcification (CVC) as well as carotid intimal-medial thickness (CIMT) in HD patients. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study included 75 HD patients in Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit. Patients with age older than 75 years, rheumatic valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, prosthetic valves, ischemic heart disease, and carotid artery surgery were excluded. Echocardiogram calcification scores were used to assess the degree of aortic and mitral valve calcification. CIMT was measured using B-mode ultrasonography. Patients' basic clinical and biochemical data were recorded. Serum Scl level was measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits before HD sessions. Results CIMT (>0.9 mm) was present in 68% of the patients. Double-valve calcification (aortic and mitral) was present in 72% of the patients and 21.3% of the patients had single-valve calcification. Serum Scl level was significantly higher in studied HD patients than normal healthy control (P=0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between serum Scl level and degree of cardiac valve calcification as well as with CIMT. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age was the strongest predictor for CIMT in HD patients. Conclusion Cardiac valve calcification and increased CIMT were prevalent in HD patients. Serum Scl level was strongly related to both CVC and CIMT, and it may be considered as one of the calcification modulators in HD patients.


The initial developmental testing of a Heat Recovery Module (HRM) for cogeneration applications is described. The HRM is a prepackaged, pretested, skid-mounted system sized for the 500 to 1000 kW class of industrial gas turbine. Key features of the module include:• a highly compact, once-through boiler fabricated using finned Incoloy 800 tubing• a gas-fired supplementary burner capable of 1256 K (1800°F) refiring for greater system operating flexibility• a "spill-over" mode of boiler operation that allows feedwater softening rather than deionization• a fully integrated microprocessor-based control systemSystem design and performance data are presented.Copyright © 1988 by ASME


The air-conditioner swaying tray of automobile made of 4A11 aluminum alloy was manufactured by squeezing casting technology.When the pouring temperature is 740℃,the preheating temperature of the die set is 280℃ and the applying pressure is 1900kN(139.45MPa),the mechanical property of swaying tray is the finest.Under the condition of the optimal technological parameters,the tensile strength,Vickers hardness(HV_(0.1)) and(elongation) of swaying tray reach 310330MPa,HV100110,9%,respectively.The microstructures of swaying tray are fine,Si grains are uniformly distributed and no phenomena of coarsening are observed,and the surface and inside of swaying tray have no cold shut,gas cavity,shrinkage cavity and crack,etc.By means of analyzing tensile fractures,the importing pieces and the pieces with the optimal technological parameters both have the fracture characteristics of the dimple.The number of dimples of the importing pieces are greater,so the plasticity is higher.The dimples of the pieces with the optimal technological parameters are bigger.


An open architecture framework for intelligent multisensor integration in an industrial environment is being developed. This framework allows for the computational evaluation and understanding of sensor uncertainty and data validity through the comparison of sensor data in a common format. A logical sensor model is used to represent both real and abstract sensors within the architecture. This allows for the unobtrusive addition or replacement of sensors. All logical sensor outputs are accompanied by a corresponding confidence level. These confidences are used to dynamically allocate valid sensor readings for use by higher-level sensors. Sensory information is passed to an inference engine which uses user- selectable and adjustable fuzzy logic and/or neural network modules to provide the required decision making intelligence. This architecture may be applied to a broad range of industrial applications, especially those involving non- uniform product grading.


Negative ion bombardment of an evolving thin film can cause changes in the film's surface due to resputtering of the already deposited material. Through the study of rf-sputtered perovskite (BaTiO_3) thin films, we have found that surface micro-effects, i.e., changes in the surface morphology of the films at the μm-scale level, are dependent on the deposition conditions. Ripples, cones, ridges, and etch pits of various shapes and sizes were all observed on growing films. A transformation of the morphology of the top surface of the film as a function of both deposition time and location on the substrate has been observed. The type of surface morphology found at any point was found to be dependent on a number of factors, including deposition rates, flux and energy of bombarding ions, and the average angle of incidence of the bombarding ions. We have developed a qualitative model for the formation of these surface features, based on the resputtering yield as a function of the average angle of incidence of the bombarding ions. The model suggests that surface nonuniformities, often ripples, initiate the development of etch pits. Other mechanisms of the surface morphology development (such as clustering) are used to explain the formation of surface features other than etch pits.


803 CancerScope: Oncology Issues in Focus Carrie Printz This news section offers Cancer readers timely information on events, public policy analysis, topical issues, and personalities. This edition looks at a new initiative from the National Cancer Institute designed to help scientists better understand why some patients respond better to certain treatments, and highlights some of the research presented at the inaugural Palliative Care in Oncology Symposium held last fall. Published online 4 March 2015


We comprehensively explored the photocatalytic properties, in H2 production by methanol photosteam reforming, of anatase nanocrystals with nearly rectangular (RC), rhombic (R), and nanobar (NB) shapes having exposed {001}, {101}, and {010} surfaces. The aim was to relate the reactivity both to the type of crystal facets and to the photogenerated defects. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra reveal that the amount of Ti3+ (electron traps) is parallel to the H2 evolution rate and becomes a maximum for the RC nanocrystals, which display the highest area of {001} surfaces and the lowest {101} area but also involve a significant area of {010} facets. This points out that the H2 production cannot be related only to the envisaged reducing {101} facets, but that the {010} facets also play a key role. We suggest that the contiguous {001}, {101}, and {010} facets form a highly effective "surface heterojunction" within a RC nanoparticle which drives the electrons photogenerated on {001} facets not just toward t...


The spin structure of the system of quasifree fermions having total angular momentum $J=1/2$ is studied in a consistently covariant approach. Within this model the relations between the spin functions are obtained. Their particular cases are the sum rules Wanzura - Wilczek, Efremov - Leader - Teryaev, Burkhardt - Cottingham and also the expression for the Wanzura - Wilczek twist 2 term $g_{2}^{WW}$. With the use of the proton valence quark distributions as an input, the corresponding spin functions including transversity are obtained.


The regulation of actin dynamics is a pivotal process in cells. phospholipase D (PLD)1 has been suggested to be involved in the actin polimerization, but the mechamism of regulation is still unclear. In this study, we report that PLD1 binds directly to neural Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (N‐WASP), which is an actin nucleation stimulator, and induces actin polymerization in lipase activity‐independent manner. Strikingly, we also found that phosphatidic acid(PA) functions in the maintenance of actin filament, rather than initiation of actin polimerization. Taken together, we demonstrate the role of PLD1 in actin polymerization in molecular level, and suggest the involvement of PA in actin dynamics regulation.


In this work, transient heat transport in a flat layered system, with interface thermal resistance, is analyzed, under the approach of the Cattaneo–Vernotte hyperbolic heat conduction model using the thermal quadrupole method. For a single semi-infinite layer, analytical formulas useful in the determination of its thermal relaxation time as well as its thermal effusivity are obtained. For a composite-layered system, in the long time regime and under a Dirichlet boundary condition, the well-known effective thermal resistance formula and a novel expression for the effective thermal relaxation time are derived, while for a Neumann problem, only a heat capacity identity is found. In contrast in the short time regime, under both Dirichlet and Neumann conditions, an expression that involves the effective thermal diffusivity and relaxation time as a function of the time is derived. In this time regime and under the Fourier approach, a formula for the effective thermal diffusivity in terms of the time, the thermal properties of the individual layers and its interface thermal resistance is obtained. It is shown that these results can be useful in the development of experimental methodologies to perform the thermal characterization of materials in the time domain.


Liquid crystals are truly fascinating fluids, now recognised by people all over the world through their use in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). The miniaturization of high technology electronic equipment, e.g., watches, calculators, personal organizers, mobile telephones, camcorders and lap-top computers, has improved the quality of life enormously to the point of being essential. However, all such equipment would not be possible without the quintessential LCD because no other technology provides small to medium-sized, flat-panel, displays of low power consumption that are inexpensive, reliable and long-lasting. LCDs have improved in quantum leaps over the past few years; they have now virtually replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays for desk top computer monitors, and are making considerable progress in the medium-sized television display market, notably through products by LG, Samsung and Sharp. It is certainly ironic that until 35 years ago liquid crystals were deemed fascinating, but useless!


ABSTRACT This paper extends the procedural justice model to campus policing, examining both the antecedents of legitimacy as well as the relative influence of student legitimacy evaluations on their likelihood of reporting campus crimes to the public safety department. A simple random sample of 31 undergraduate sections (n = 554) responded to a paper survey instrument. Undergraduate respondents indicate general procedural justice ratings are significantly related to their evaluations of campus police (CP) legitimacy. In turn, legitimacy ratings are significantly related to reporting likelihood. However, evaluations of the effectiveness of the CP have a stronger relationship with legitimacy than procedural justice.


We are we l l aware that overact ive bladder (OAB) is extremely common . The most recent Canadian b ladder survey by Herschorn and co l leagues demonstrated that OAB symptoms were present in 1 3 . 1 % of men and 14.7 % of women across Canada.' In addi t ion, it has been shown to have a tremendous impact on a patient's qual i ty of life, similar to that experienced by someone w i th diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis.' Unfortunately, the effectiveness of current OAB treatment protocols in al leviat ing patient symptoms are not adequate, wh ich is why investigators are looking at new agents, such as BTX A. Currently, there are over 10 different ant ichol inergic medicat ions on the Canadian market for O A B . The most common ly prescribed medicat ion for this cond i t ion , oxybu tyn in , is fraught w i th potent ial problems. The FDA, in 2007, released a warn ing; this medicat ion is to be used wi th caut ion in the elderly and chi ldren and common side effects are hallucinations, confusion and cognit ive changes."* Others researchers, such as Kay and colleagues, have documented the potential for serious cognit ive decl ine w i th this medicat ion. ' As a result, urologists have switched to treating OAB w i th newer medicat ions to avo id these neurological sequelae. The drawback w i th these new medicat ions, unfortunately, sti l l revolves around side effects and, u l t imate ly , pat ient compl iance. The signif icant side effects of dry mouth and const ipat ion, as we l l as poor patient perceived benefit in symptom reduct ion, have resulted in extremely poor medication adherence rates. Sears and colleagues examined antichol inergic medicat ion compl iance in a health care system in wh i ch medicat ion was given free to patients; the study demonstrated an adherence rate of only 34%.' ' This is similar to earlier research by Shaya and colleagues, wh ich demonstrated only a 32 % adherence rate.' Secondary to these s ign i f icant side effects and poor patient compl iance, investigators have searched for a better a l ternat ive for t reat ing O A B . Urologists were already fami l ia r w i t h BTX A, hav ing used it in a var iety of other urologie disorders, such as ureteral stent col ic ," interstitial cystit is,""" prostatit is'" and benign prostatic hyperp las ia . ' " " As data emerged regarding its effectiveness to treat neurogenic detrusor overact ivi ty, ' it was only natural to consider its use to treat non-neurogenic detrusor overact ivi ty (OAB). Many urologists believe it is a matter of t ime before BTX A becomes an integral cog in the treatment algorithim for OAB. This change in treatment strategy is fuel led by the inabi l i ty of the current treatment regimen, pr imari ly anticholinergics, to adequately alleviate symptoms in OAB patients. Current work has established the effectiveness of BTX A in OAB. Sahia and col leagues," in a randomized, double-bl ind placebo control study, demonstrated statistically significant increases in cystometr ic capacity and reduced frequency, urgency urinary incontinence and urgency wi th the inject ion of 200 units of BTX A. The benef ic ia l effects were ma in tained for at least 24 weeks w h i c h , inc idental ly , is longer than most people stay on antichol inergic medicat ion. Others researchers have demonstrated similar statistically significant amel iorat ion of symptoms w i th BTX A. '^ " " However , w i t h any " n e w " procedure, pat ient safety is always extremely important. Detractors of the use of BTX A w i l l express concern regarding urinary retention, urinary tract infections (UTIs), hematuria, distant muscle weakness, as we l l as the invasiveness of the procedure. There is no doubt that these are legitimate concerns if, in fact, they are truly relevant. It has been clearly demonstrated that BTX A can easily and comfortably be given under local anesthetic in the cystoscopy suite in a matter of minutes w i th min imal discomfort to the patient and w i t h m in ima l side effects. '" Hematur ia does occur , but to date there is not a single case report of an ind iv idual requir ing a b lood transfusion post-BTX A inject ion. Urinary tract infections do occu r " ' ' " in the setting of BTX A in ject ion, but there is no data demonstrat ing an increased risk over cystoscopy alone.


ABSTRACT To cope with the construction and upgrading of GNSS, critical attention must be given to the maintainability, reusability, extensibility, portability, loose coupling capacity and flexibility of GNSS data processing software. Here, using C# and under the .NET Framework, six design principles and six design patterns are applied to a user-friendly GNSSer software, with its purpose being to bridge the gap between the design and implementation of object-oriented methods. Moreover, fine-grained parallel processing is extended. The results from three experiments showed that not only is high positioning accuracy achieved, but the efficiency of GNSS data processing is improved as well.


The folk costume in waterside villages of Southern Yangtze in China was notonly daily consumer goods,but also a symbol system of folk-custom culture.This symbol system was directly conveyed by a series medley shape signs,many-faceted color signs and decorated craft signs of pleated skirt.Its origination,accumulation,continual process and development were greatly associated with the life style and paddy culture of waterside villages,such as the folk religion,social life,artistic philosophy,regional culture,the landform of waterside villages and the humanity environment.So the folk costume was the significant sign of practical function and also the significative sign of folk traditional culture,both of which composed the costume cultural symbol system of waterside villages of Southern Yangtze called"integration of aesthetic and practical function".


SUMMARY A table for estimatinig directly the number of organisms in virus or other biological assays done by the dilution method, where the response is quantal, is given for several dilution factors and for any number of dilution levels. Fisher [1922] proposed a method for estimating the average number, m, of organisms in a unit volume of suspension that is particularly suitable in cases, such as quantal virus assays, in which the presence or absence of organisms can be determined but in which counts cannot be made. The estimation is based on counting the total number, T, in the dilution series with n replicates at each dilution level. If m is the average number of organisms per plate at the highest concentration, the estimated value of m is given by the following equation, obtained by equating the observed total number of sterile plates to its expected value, T = n(e-m + e-fia + ema2 + ... + e m/a5), (1) where a = the dilution factor s = the number of levels n = the number of replicates T = the total number of sterile plates.


In his arrangement of articles representing the first decade or so of Gumperz's work, A. S. Dil distinguishes two strands: language and dialect diversity and language usage and social interaction (Gumperz 1971). The present book is a continuation of the second strand. It focuses on Gumperz's unique blend of interactional and core linguistic analyses, applied contrastively to social groups and situations at the same time. Unlike the earlier volume, which was content with an implicit point of view, the present volume makes the evolution of Gumperz's perspective explicit. With a clarity characteristic of the book as a whole, Gumperz states the book's intention in the first sentence: "This book seeks to develop interpretive sociolinguistic approaches to the analysis of real time processes in face to face encounters." The book demonstrates that interpretive approaches use in-depth case analyses of particular situations as a primary vehicle for developing a sociolinguistic theory. The virtue inherent in the case analysis approach is the richness of detail available for developing a coordinated description of linguistic and nonlinguistic processes. The preface is followed by a note on phonetic and prosodic conventions used in the book. There follow ten chapters focusing on themes developing the application of the interpretive approach, ending with a summary postscript (20410). Finally come the bibliography and author and subject indexes. As Gumperz notes in the preface, many of the chapters are revisions of articles published independently between 1977 and 1981. Nevertheless, the revisions and new material are integrated into a focused whole. Chapter 1, the introduction, discusses communication as a social activity. It ends with a brief characterization of each of the subsequent chapters. Chapter 2, "The Sociolinguistics of Interpersonal Communication," discusses some of the evolution of thought on that topic, with particular focus on the work of the early and mid-1970s. A section devoted to "discourse strategies" (29-37) begins with the point: "There is need for a sociolinguistic theory which accounts for the communicative functions of linguistic variability and for its relation to speaker's goals without reference to untestable functionalist assumptions about conformity or nonconformance to closed systems of norms." Although this may be construed as an attack on uncritical use of Saussurian structuralist principles, my impression is that it is more generally directed against a focus on social groups as


Wicaksono, Dwi Yudi. 2018. " Code Switching and Code Mixing in Comentator Speech on Gojek Traveloka Liga 1". Research Paper. Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Semarang. The first supervisor Drs. Ary Setyadi, M.S. and the second supervisor Drs. Hermintoyo, M.Pd.
The discovery of languange deviations which can be categorized as Code switching and code mixing is the background of this research. The purpose of this research was to describe the form, type, and the causes of code switching and code mixing in comentator speech on Gojek Traveloka Liga 1.
This research used descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected using recorded and noted technique. This research data are comentator speech that contain elements of code mixing in Gojek Traveloka Liga 1 match broadcast. The match that took place was PSM Makassar-Semen Padang and Persib Bandung-Semen Padang.
The result of the code mixing research contained in the comentator speech on Gojek Traveloka Liga 1 are: (1) code mixing forms include insertions in the form of words, phrases, baster, and abbreviation; (2) type of code mixing includes internal code mixing and external code mixing. Internal code mixing in this research includes the insertion of Javanese language elements, while the external code mixing includes the insertion of English language; (3) causal code mixing factors include the desire of comentator to show his knowledge, informal situations had an impact to comentator to used informal language, limitations of the expression language in the language being used that requires an expression of a foreign language, and component consisted by setting and scene, participants, ends, act sequences, key, instrumentalities, norm of interaction, and genre.
Keywords: code switching, code mixing, comentator, gojek traveloka liga 1.


1. Introduction

2. Proliferation of NBFIs: A Precursor to the 1997 Financial Crisis

3. Role of NBFIs in the 1997 Financial Crisis

4. Financial Supervision: Before and After the Crisis
 4.1 Credit Card Crisis: Haphazard Deregulation and Weak Financial Supervision
 4.2 Mutual Savings Bank Crisis in 2011: A Replay of Previous Crises

5. Financial Development and Inadequate Financial Supervision


A plasma generator with a large open secondary plasma has been developed and used to fragment and ionize hydrocarbon gas for diamondlike carbon (DLC) film formation. It is also useful for other materials and as a research tool. The open secondary plasma is created and maintained using electrons from an adjacent plain cylindrical magnetron. The importance of argon partial pressure on the hydrocarbon plasma stability is discussed and the optical emission spectra of various plasmas is presented. The use of a thermal fragmenter is also discussed and the effect it has on the ion energy needed for film formation is highlighted. The conditions necessary for the formation of high‐quality, thick, stress‐free DLC films are given.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of empowerment on job satisfaction, task performance and turnover intention and to identify the relationship among them in hospital nurses. Methods: The subjects were 256 nurses working for one university and three general hospital in J city. The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5. Results: The mean score of empowerment was 2.86, job satisfaction was 3.00, task performance was 3.29 and turnover intention was 3.01. The empowerment was positively correlated with job satisfaction(r=.63, p<.001) and task performance(r=.32, p<.001), but negatively correlated with turnover intention(r=-.17, p<.05). The significant predictive factors of job satisfaction and task performance were information and support in empowerment. And turnover intention was resources in empowerment. Conclusion: These result suggest that empowerment improvement programs should be development to improve the quality of nursing.


Tilted magnetic easy axis L10-PdCoFe nanoparticles were fabricated by sequential evaporation and postdeposition annealing. The MgO(110) substrate was used to prepare the faceted Pd seed crystals with {100} surfaces tilted by 45° from the surface normal. A bcc–Co–Fe layer formed on the seed Pd crystals. The L10-FeCoPd nanoparticles were formed immediately after the start of interdiffusion of Pd and Co, Fe atoms. Their tetragonal c axes were mutually tilted by 45°. The shape of the Pd seed nanocrystals and the top-down interdiffusion are the main factors influencing tilted easy axis L10 particle formation. Magnetic properties of L10-FeCoPd nanoparticles are also discussed.


On August 27, 2015 a tropical storm passed over Dominica producing extraordinary rainfall with high intensity. Owing the mountainous island topography and the saturated condition of the soil, the heavy rainfall resulted in intense and rapid flooding. Dominica suffered severe infrastructural damage, primarily related to transportation, housing and agriculture with the worst damage occurring in the south and south east parts of the island. The objective of the assessment is to provide the Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica with a quantitative basis upon which to design and base a comprehensive reconstruction and financing strategy. From September 7-18, 2015 the team conducted a preliminary assessment of the damage caused by Tropical Storm Erika and estimated the related macroeconomic implications of the event. In addition to the rapid assessment, the team was asked to examine the impacts across sectors to be reflected in the medium to longer term reconstruction and recovery phases following the initial relief processes. The data presented in this assessment is based on Government supplied data as of September 23, 2015. It is important to note that these estimates are preliminary due to the rapid nature of the assessment and the damage and losses might change as time progresses.


This paper uses the case of Ghana to unpack the role of the informal sector in the process of structural change. A structuralist view of structural change – framed as changes in the employment shares of different industries – is combined with the insight that countries strive to diversify towards more complex industries in pursuit of economic upgrading. The paper adopts and adapts the product space and complexity analytical frameworks to compare changes in the relative importance of industries across the trade, formal and informal sectors, over a ten-year period starting in 2003. To assess whether the Ghanaian labour force has moved towards more or less complex industries, the changes in relative shares of finely disaggregated industries are assessed against an employment-based industrial complexity index. The results indicate that Ghana's export and formal sectors have moved towards more complex industries, although export specialisation has moved towards export of natural resources. While exports of manufactured goods have increased, employment in formal and informal manufacturing has contracted, although, in the former case, employment has relocated towards more complex manufacturing industries. In contrast, the informal sector has moved towards less complex activities. The results stress on the need to align the productive capabilities of the informal sector with the Ghana's productive structure in order to allow the participation of Ghanaian households to the process of structural transformation.


1Department of Computer Science, Christ University, Bangalore 2 Department of Computer Science, Christ University, Bangalore ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract This paper talks about block chain technology and its working principle. The paper is drafted to create an understanding of the blockchain technology and how it is different from the currently used centralized transactions systems. The paper also describes the advantages of block chain and various evaluation techniques.


This research proposes a new AI-based human-computer co-creation system, Co-Art, which helps enhance children's imagination through drawing. In contrast to existing approaches, we use a more efficient and child-friendly form of voice and brush interaction, where the machine understands the sentence described by the child and visualizes it in an abstract style. The machine's artwork can inspire the child to create a second version. In a comparative experiment, we found that the aesthetic and richness of the images that the Co-Art-trained children drew showed a significant difference compared to the non-trained group $(p\lt 0.01)$, with a significant increase in imagination and creativity $(p\lt 0.05)$.


Subject/correspondence files including papers of Leo Fink, sometime President Australian Jewish Welfare and Relief Society; Australian Jewish Welfare and Relief Society minutes, consitution, green report 1947-1979; annual reports; history of AJWRS; memorandum and articles of association; executive council of Australian Jewry minutes; conference material regarding Australian Jewish Welfare Societies; international conference of Jewish Communal Service materail; immigration sub-committe minutes; social welfare and reference papers; publications.


Multi-parent complex crosses were made in combination with modified backcross and recurrent selection. Comprehensive improvement of cotton varieties was achieved through integrated selection for multi-target characters in artificial and natural disease gardens under multiple adverse conditions. Breeding practice showed that this breeding system can break the negative genetic correlation between multiple adversity resistance and fiber yield and quality, increase advantageous genetic recombinations and improve the selection efficiency. Newly developed cotton varieties CR Ⅰ17 and CR Ⅰ19 combined high yield, high quality and multi-resistance to pests, including Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Atk) Anyd. and Hans. and Verticillium dahline Kled.


The ways and processes of designing for the DMS system are studied. Firstly, the transmission theories in DMS system are analyzed to decide the extent of the parameters of DMS. Then the process of designing for DMS transmission system is given. With these results, a piece of practical backbone network is studied for an example in optimization of designing the DMS system. Application this method, the DMS has good transmission characteristic and fine eye figure in the 800 km rebuilt backbone network. These ways and processes of designing for the DMS system can be taken as a valuable reference for practical systems in applying to a high speed and big capacity transmission line.


Feed water temperature is an important parameter in determining the optimum conditions for an efficient seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) process. Increased feed water temperatures are known to increase the permeate flux rate in commercial SWRO systems. There are several factors which link feed water temperature to the operational efficiency of the fundamental membrane desalination process. In this study we have obtained precise data on these effects using two different types of RO membranes in a small scale pilot unit with feeds of seawater, brackish water and pure water. The mechanisms involved have been examined in this work. Pre-heating the feed water to enhance RO efficiency may lead to greater cavitation within the RO membrane. Vapour cavities formed by cavitation have the potential to hinder permeate flow by blocking sections of the polymer matrix in the skin layer of the membrane. In earlier work, it was identified that the presence of dissolved atmospheric gases in seawater leads to a potential for...


Below vegetation, throughfall kinetic energy (TKE) is an important factor to express the potential of rainfall to detach soil particles and thus for predicting soil erosion rates. TKE is affected by many biotic (e.g. tree height, leaf area index) and abiotic (e.g. throughfall amount) factors because of changes in rain drop size and velocity. However, studies modelling TKE with a high number of those factors are lacking. This study presents a new approach to model TKE. We used 20 biotic and abiotic factors to evaluate thresholds of those factors that can mitigate TKE and thus decrease soil erosion. Using these thresholds, an optimal set of biotic and abiotic factors was identified to minimize TKE. The model approach combined recursive feature elimination, random forest (RF) variable importance and classification and regression trees (CARTs). TKE was determined using 1405 splash cup measurements during five rainfall events in a subtropical Chinese tree plantation with five-year-old trees in 2013. Our results showed that leaf area, tree height, leaf area index and crown area are the most prominent vegetation traits to model TKE. To reduce TKE, the optimal set of biotic and abiotic factors was a leaf area lower than 6700 mm2, a tree height lower than 290 cm combined with a crown base height lower than 60 cm, a leaf area index smaller than 1, more than 47 branches per tree and using single tree species neighbourhoods. Rainfall characteristics, such as amount and duration, further classified high or low TKE. These findings are important for the establishment of forest plantations that aim to minimize soil erosion in young succession stages using TKE modelling.


Gordon Wells's latest book has something for everyone. For the graduate student, it has detailed copious and careful justification of the selection of each measure Wells used in this massive study. For the experienced researcher, it has information on a wide range of topics under the general categories of functional semantic and syntactic development. For the theoretician, of whatever persuasion on the nature-nurture continuum, it has compelling arguments to bolster both camps; in other words, the case is clearly made for the contributions of the child (most importantly) and the adult (a necessary adjunct) to the child's language acquisition. For those who cannot bear to read any more articles in which the terse prose and minimalist style become a depressant, Wells's book will provide a delightful change. For this reason alone, we look forward to the several other volumes which will result from his enormous research project. Although the experienced researcher may well choose to skim or skip some sections, the book is written in a discursive (but not rambling), well-organized, and clear style that invites dialogue with the writer. While we speculate that the book may not make a major contribution to thinking in the field, to the extent of, say, Brown (1973), it will nonetheless be cited frequently and will probably become a source book for how to conduct and analyse a longitudinal study, as well as for the data it reports. The book grew out of a longitudinal study Wells and his collaborators conducted over a period of 13 years with a grant from the UK Social Science Research Council. The Bristol Language Development Study, originally supposed to take five years, stretched out with the typical 'muddle and misadventure' which probably characterizes, as Wells writes (1) 'every research project in the human sciences'. The study has survived changing theoretical frameworks, technological lags in instrumentation, and, in addition, Wells's admitted 'love-hate relationship with the computer'. For those not interested in the gory details, or for those for whom such details are too reminiscent of their own research agonies, the introduction a disarming account of the fits and starts of this research project — may be skipped. The meat of the book begins in Chapter 1. Unlike many researchers in the field of child language, Wells was concerned to obtain a representative sample of families (by social class, education, etc.) as well as a representative sample of these children's utterances obtained during naturalistic conversation in the home at many points during an ordinary day. The final sample consisted of 128 children, half beginning their participation at 1 ;3 and half at 313. Ten


developments in the sensor networks have made the researchers to find the energy efficient routing protocols. Sensor nodes are normally energy constrained and cannot be replaced in most cases. The need for energy efficiency in wireless sensor network is increasing considerably. This article proposed a new model to reduce the energy consumption by the sensor nodes. Our proposed model Energy Efficient Dynamic Clustering Protocol (EEDCP) distributes the energy consumption evenly among all sensor nodes to increase the life-time of the network. The simulation results show that the EEDCP outperforms its counterparts. consumption various techniques have been followed by the researchers. The sensor nodes are sensing data from the environment where they are deployed and send it to the Base Station which may be located far from the nodes. The sensors send the aggregated data to the sink either directly or multi- hop transmission. The energy is consumed in different levels when the transmission and reception. The energy consumption in transmission is more than the energy consumed for reception. The transmitters have the capacity to change their transmission power (5, 6). In case of single hop transmission, the sensors send the data directly to the sink base station. The nodes which are farther away from the base station have to spent more energy than the nodes which are nearer to the base station. The clustering approach is used to reduce the energy consumption. In the traditional clustering technique, the cluster-head nodes are fixed (7, 8, and 9). The nodes in the clusters send their data to the base station through the cluster- heads. The cluster head node transmits the aggregated data received from the member nodes. So the distance to be transmitted is reduced. But the node which is transmitting data to the base station will drain out its energy quickly. To avoid the quick drain of energy, the cluster-head nodes should be changed randomly. The modern clustering approaches facilitate the change of cluster-heads for each and every round. The cluster-head nodes can be self elected or elected based on certain factors, such as threshold value, residual energy, coverage efficiency, etc.


Cooperative is an institution that supports the community's economy and is in direct contact with the lower middle class community. Cooperatives provide benefits to its members, namely economic benefits and non-economic benefits. Economic benefits consist of direct economic benefits and indirect economic benefits. Non-economic benefits in the form of member satisfaction, measured based on member satisfaction with the quality of services provided by the cooperative. This study aims to analyze the economic benefits and the level of satisfaction felt by cooperative members on the services of the Sido Jaya Abadi LKMA Cooperative. The method used is a survey method. Respondents of this study were members of the Cooperative LKMA Sido Jaya Abadi, totaling 51 members who were taken by simple random sampling from a total of 570 members of the cooperative. Data collection was carried out from March to April 2022. The data analysis used was the calculation of Total Economic Benefits and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The results showed that the direct economic benefit was Rp. 1,760,098.00 and the indirect economic benefit was Rp. 2,936,078.00 so that the total economic benefit of the cooperative received by the members was Rp. 4,696,176.00/year. Total Economic Benefits fall into the big category. Calculation of CSI get 72.52% results which means that the level of satisfaction of cooperative members is in the satisfied category.


Cobalto-cobaltic oxide is used as the oxidizing agent in micro Dumas method for the analysis of refractory organic compounds. The permanent, oxidizing filling is only 4 cm long. The sample is mixed with the temporary filling in a capsule 7 cm in length, and the combustion is carried out at 700°, without introducing gaseous oxygen into the system. The combustion and the sweeping-out take 10—15 minutes. Satisfactory results have been obtained on heterocyclic compounds, polymers, aliphatic compounds with relativdy long chain, compounds with condensed ring systems and angular methyl groups, as well as highly fluorinated compounds and polymers. With certain types of perfluoro-compounds such as perfluorobutyric acid and polymers such as polyacrylonitrile, the temperature of sample heater should be increased to 750° for satisfactory results.


This paper proposes Multi-step Simplified Optimal Trajectory Control (SOTC) for the high frequency LLC converters. SOTC can improve the transient performance of the LLC converters by immediately changing the pulse width of the primary driving signal during the load transient. However, the implementation of SOTC requires high-performance digital controllers. The proposed Multi-step SOTC calculates the trajectory based on only the output voltage and the load current, and settles the resonant tank within multi steps. With the proposed Multi-step SOTC, low-cost controllers can be used to control the high frequency LLC converters with the state-trajectory control concept. The number of steps in multi-step SOTC is selected based on the speed of the controller and the switching frequency of the LLC converters. Experimental results are demonstrated on a 500kHz 1kW 400V/12V LLC converter.


-Real Estate has lot of significance in the economy but there has been loop holes too in the current system like land transactions that happens around us is a long process which may even take months to complete not only it may take time it may also cost extra charges for intermediate people and also for transactions and we are facing other problems like labour shortage strain, inflation and interest rates, geopolitical risk, hybrid work, supply chain disruption, fraud and corruption, trust issues and so on. The introduction of Blockchain in the Real Estate Industry is a technological advancement that can revolutionize how land records are saved and which can help prevent corruption and title fraud. The Blockchain and Real Estate can go hand in hand. Blockchain technology could create a system of real estate Tokenization, which will pave the way for the fractionalization of real estate. This study focuses on understanding the impact of future implementation of Blockchain Technology in Real Estate considering a particular geographical area i.e. Kanpur. This research found that there are various dominant factors which influence Real Estate Industry in Kanpur City towards implementation of Blockchain Technology in it as Block chain is super secure, open for the entire public to see so we have very less cases of Money Laundering and almost no land disputes going forward.


Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) based proximity are also disclosed for improving the signaling procedures for use in the detection. Signaling and signaling processes from the serving base station may trigger the PRACH transmission in a more efficient and reliable from the associated user equipment (UE). This close-PRACH based on the dynamic power node (DPN), which is also monitored for the detection and proximity are disclosed features which establish a neighbor list for more efficient management of the activation.


1. Hadžić A, Vloka JD. Peripheral nerve stimulators for regional anesthesia can generate excessive voltage output with poor ground connection. Anest Analg 2000;91:1306. 2. Hadžić A, Vloka JD, Koorn R. Effects of the auditory volume control knob on the stimulus amplitude display of the DualStim/Deluxe model NS-2CA/DX peripheral nerve stimulator. Anesthesiology 1997;87:714–5. 3. Hadžić A, Vloka JD, Kuroda MM, et al. The practice of peripheral nerve blocks in the United States: a national survey. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1998;23:241–6. 4. Urmey WE. Femoral nerve block for the management of postoperative pain: techniques in regional anesthesia and pain management 1997;1:88–92.


Samples of Dendrobium officinale were collected periodically and determination were conducted on fresh weight,dry weight,moisture and polysaccharide content of the stems.The result demonstrated that the growth of D.officinale could be divided into four stages.The polysaccharide content in stem increased continuously during the first two growth stages,and decreased a little then increased again during the third stage,and in the last stage,it decreased quickly.While moisture content in the stem of D.officinale decreased during the whole growth stage.The determination concluded that the best harvest time for D.officinale stem was10-month to 12-month.


The Outlook of Scientific Development should be implemented in the construction of the Army.It's necessary to give full play to the subject role of officers and men,respect the subject role of officers and men;safedguard the rights and interests of them;broaden their democratic channels of participating into administrative affairs;resolve the problem of "develop for whom and depend on whom to develop";firmly set up the notion of respecting,taking good care of and depending on officers and men.


As a new video coding paradigm,distributed video coding(DVC) has lower encoding complexity and higher robustness to transmission error than conventional video coding.However,its compression ratio was comparatively low and highly dependent on group-of-pictures(GOP) size.A combined video coding scheme was proposed by introducing H.264 coding into typical pixel domain Wyner-Ziv(PDWZ) coding.The coder has a parallel encoding and iterative decoding structure,in which a predictive coding scheme and a novel side-information(SI) generation algorithm are also adopted.Simulation showed that the proposed architecture has higher compression ratio than an optimized PDWZ coder.Moreover,it enables a video to be processed in sequential order and provides multilayer in scalability.


The mail solution for compiling and structuring an investment portfolio is the distribution between stocks and bonds, often based on classical indicators and methods from modern portfolio theory (MPT). This article examines the question of whether to rely on asset correlation when forming a portfolio of securities of Russian issuers, when the return on assets has an uneven distribution or when the relationship between variables is not linear


Over the last decade of the 20th century the history of the spatial planning was accredited as a subject at schools worldwide, gained its special periodical and accompanying professional organization. When it comes to the Belgrade school of planning, the subject called spatial planning was introduced by the accreditation of the new curriculum at the Department of Spatial Planning of the Faculty of Geography in Belgrade in 2007. Nowadays at the international level and in our country, a serious theoretical discussion on the reach, direction and practical purpose of this subject is underway, and the questions which are posed thereby are sometimes provocative, controversial and farreaching. These are the most common questions: What is the definition of the planning history? Why teach it? Who can teach it? How to teach it? What is the suitable content of the curriculum of the planning history? Although, this paper aims at the consolidation of the topics and providing the logical connections between the answers to the above questions, it, at same time, reflects the diversity of the individual approaches to planning history, which are the result of the peculiar circumstances in which spatial planning is taught in some countries, with different traditions of planning and different value systems. Nevertheless, the aim of the paper is the definition of something which can be called "intellectual nucleus" of a great topic called history (of spatial and urban) planning and which should be based on the logical theoretical and methodological premises, and, at the same time, should be comprehensible to students, through the flexible curriculum, and it should be applicable in practice.


Author Address 1. PhD Student in Exceptional Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical-Educational Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; 4. Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author's email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Exploring student and teacher perspectives on approaches to learning and teaching reveals interesting insights and new understandings for practice by involving the two key groups of participants in the learning and teaching story. Do students understand and experience learning and teaching similarly or differently from the way teachers intend them to? This paper describes the findings of a study that explored perceptions of learning and teaching in one discipline of an Australian dual-sector university from both a student and staff perspective. Teachers' conceptions of teaching are also explored and provide extra insight and understanding of the approach to learning and teaching taking place. Key findings of this multifaceted study employing a case study with a mixed method approach include a difference between students' and teachers' perceptions of approaches to learning and teaching. Implications for broader practice are highlighted and explored.


Abstract : This report describes six different research and development activities in flight control actuation. The activities are: (1) the development and test of a unique linear actuator sealing system for high-pressure systems, (2) the development and test of a digital servovalve using piezo-controlled high-speed solenoid valves, (3) the performance evaluation of an F-15 rudder actuator under applied loads, (4) the performance evaluation of a Mission Adaptive Wing section under different load conditions, (5) the evaluation of output impedance modification of an electrohydraulic actuator for flutter suppression, and (6) the development and test of a direct drive valve and electronics (analog and digital) for an F-16 Horizontal Tail/FlapeRon actuator. This volume presents activities 1.2. and 3. Volume II presents activities 4. 5. and 6.


The large, habitable, basement area for an impressive country residence is currently being built on a 93-hectare estate in the Cotswolds. The project is one of three houses considered to be high architectural importance constructed to celebrate the millennium. The house was approved for planning under PPG7, introduced by the government for houses of outstanding architectural merit to be constructed in rural areas. The building shell is due for completion in Summer 2004. It is unusual as two-thirds of the house is underground.


Evaluation the impact of deer on natural bark-stripping browsing. objec-tive. We conducted a survey using a simple check list of browsing scars and traces of deer. The check lists were completed by foresters of the forest office, and 1,371 records were used for the analyses. The results of a multiple correspondence analysis ( MCA ) for 10 items suggested that each site could be plotted on a coordinate with three directions indicating that the impact was high, low, or unknown. The primary factors in the scoring of sites were correlated with sightings per unit effort ( SPUE ) by hunters. Many answers by foresters included the " Unknown " category for the existence of browsing scars and the abundance of less palatable plants. The number of replies where browsing scars were detected was lower for check lists completed by foresters than for those by the authors at the same sites, suggesting the under-recording by foresters. Estimation of the impact levels of deer on natural forests in Hokkaido by kriging the primary factor of MCA at each site was considered a valid technique, compared with existing information.