Ferroelectric layered‐oxides SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films were prepared on Pt coated Si wafers and single‐crystal sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The films were specular and crack‐free and showed complete crystallization at temperatures between 650 and 700 °C. Good ferroelectric properties were obtained for a 200 nm thick film with Pt electrodes: 2Pr and Ec were about 8.3 μC/cm2 and 60 kV/cm, respectively. The leakage currents were as low as 8×10−9 A/cm2 at 150 kV/cm. The films also showed fatigue‐free characteristics: no fatigue was observed up to 1.4×1010 switching cycles. These high quality MOCVD films make high‐intensity (≳1 Mbit) nonvolatile memory devices possible.


The structure and mechanical properties of cast Fe19Cr-4Ni-3Mn-0.15N (concentrations in wt%) steels containing 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25 wt% carbon were determined under uniaxial tensile loading in the temperature range of -40 °C to 200 °C. The alloy development focused on the creation of metastable austenite capable of exhibiting Transformationand Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TRIP/TWIP) effects and the planar glide of dislocations in the austenite. For the steel with 0.15%C, these conditions were met at -40 °C resulting in a tensile strength in excess of 1300 MPa, a uniform elongation of 45%, and a yield strength of 420 MPa.


Provided are an organoclay, a method for preparing the organoclay, and a polyester nanocomposite prepared by using the organoclay which is excellent in thermal stability and mechanical strength and can be used for preparing an engineering plastic or tire cord reinforcing agent. The organoclay is organically modified with a benzimidazole derivative salt and is represented by the formula 1, wherein R is an unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl group; and clay is a layered clay. The method comprises the steps of reacting benzimidazole and an alkyl bromide and precipitating it in ethyl acetate to prepare an alkyl benzimidazolium bromide; reacting the alkyl benzimidazolium bromide with HCl to substitute the bromide group of the alkyl benzimidazolium bromide with a chloride group; and adding the substituted alkyl benzimidazole derivative salt to a solution that a layered clay is dispersed.


The present experimental study examined the effects of focus on the duration of stressed syllable onset and rhyme in words found in prefocal, focal, post focal and neutral position. The main results generated indicate a significant effect of focus position on the segmental duration. Additionally, word final lengthening was demonstrated, whereas no word initial lengthening effects were observed. Furthermore, the results showed rightward lengthening effects and leftward shortening effects due to focus position on stressed syllables.


Overfishing and the destruction of fishing commons in developing countries is a growing problem. Policymakers and local community leaders are looking for solutions to keep their fishing commons sustainable. Fines and enforcement mechanisms are commonly suggested to help preserve the commons. This paper discusses a novel artefactual experiment conducted throughout several fishing communities in Tanzania to determine the effect of enforcing a ban on illegal fishing gear on fishing behavior. Results indicate that the fishers in the enforcement treatment group depleted the fish stock significantly faster than the unenforced control group. One possible explanation for this result is that the players in the enforcement group responded to cheating players by increasing their fishing efforts as a grim trigger response. Alternatively, the ban and subsequent enforcement mechanism crowded out fishers' intrinsic attitudes to sustain the resource for future rounds in the game. The fishers may have been more focused on not using illegal fishing gear than they were with sustaining the resource.


AbstractThe role of nicotine (100 μg/kg) on brainstem auditory evoked responses (FFP) and electrocochleogvaphy (EcoG) in rats anaesthetized with pentobarbital has been studied. Each component of FFP and EcoG was analysed in terms of its latency and amplitude.Nicotine failed to produce any significant changes in the latencies of the FFP and EcoG components.Nicotine after 30 min increases significantly the amplitude I, I′, II and III, of the FFP components, and decreases no significantly IV and V components.These finding suggests the presence of muscarinic and nicotinic effect of nicotine, in the mediation of the brainstem auditory pathway.ResumeAfin d'etudier le role de la nicotine sur la fonction auditive, nous avons intoxique 10 rats par injection unique de tartrate de nicotine a la dose de 100 μg/kg et suivi l'intoxication par l'etude des potentiels evoques auditifs du tronc avant l'injection, une demi-heure apres, et huit jours apres l'injection pour les oreilles gauches, et l'electrocochleographie ava...


Starting with conceptions of knowledge as a scientific-technical resource on the one hand and a social construct of reality on the other, this contribution highlights informal, implicit knowledge as the currently prevalent 'in-between' perspective in economic geography. It then points to further shared constructs of cognition such as interpretation which are highly relevant to explaining business and economy in place and space yet still underdeveloped in economic geography. 'Patterns of interpretation' are put forward as an additional concept reaching beyond that of knowledge. The article integrates this new approach with recent strands of literature in economic geography and critically discusses the performance of the approach.


were refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to R = 0.036,0.025,0.034, and 0.022 (R,, = 0.032,0.025,0.036, and 0.023) for 2825,4961, 1672, and 2641 reflections with I2 3u(F2), respectively. The structures of 1 and 2 consist of extended anionic chains of metal ions that are linked by double-bridging pyzdc2- groups, with electrical neutrality maintained by the presence of H30' cations in the lattice. In 3 double chains of manganese ions are cross-linked by pyzdc" ligands forming a "ladder-like" motif. The structure of 4 consists of extended chains of cadmium ions in which single pyzdc2- groups bridge metal centres. Magnetic susceptibility studies indicate, at most, only weak antiferromagnetic exchange in 1 but moderately strong antiferromagnetic interactions in 3, mediated by bridging carboxylate groups (J = -0.27 cm-I).


In common with other older pulsars, the emission consists of long null stretches, occasionally interrupted by bursts of drifting sub pulses. The drifting subpulses always assume one of three approximately harmonically-related drift-rates. Their corresponding P3 s are 12.5 P̂ ("A-drifts"), 6.8 P 1 ("B-drifts") and 4.5 ? } ("C-drifts"). An emission burst is always constituted in one of three ways: (1) a series of Adrifts followed by B-drifts, (2) B-drifts alone, (3) B-drifts followed by C-drifts.


In recent years, service-based applications are deemed to be one of the new solutions to build an enterpriseapplication system. In order to answer the most demandingneeds or adaptations to the needs of changed servicesquickly, service composition is currently used to exploitthe multi-service capabilities in the Information Technologyorganizations. While web services, which have been independently developed, may not always be compatible with each other, the selection of optimal services and compositionof these services are seen as a challenging issue. In this paper we propose optimal web service composition (OWSC) model, we introduce an improved Dragonfly Algorithm (IDA) to compute services whose network positions are closer to each other and to the users, which ensures the QoS of web service and network. The rule search swarm searcher (RSSA) is used to obtain the desirable characteristics from composite web services for further optimal selection of service composition set in composite planner. Then, we propose optimal tree based replanning mechanism to adapt the execution plan to the actual behavior of already executed services by a dynamic service selection at runtime.Finally, the proposed OWSC model is going to develop by cloudsim toolkit and the performance is compared with the existing models similar to our contributions in terms of QoS parameters.


Background: Depression in the elderly is the most common mental disorder in old age. The aging of the population is an important public health issue whic h significantly affects the welfare and quality of life for both the individuals and their families. It is estimated that the geriatric depression rates will increase resulting in financial demands increase on the health care syste m and financial burden at the local or national lev e . Aim: The study aims to examine the prevalence of depres sive ymptomatology among the elderly in urban and semi-urban Greek population and investigate risk an d protective factors for the disorder. Material and Methodology: The sample consisted of 300 subjects (171 women and 129 men), aged ≥60 years, members of the Open Care Centers for Older People ( OCCFOP; KAPI in Greek) of Prefectures of Attica (Municipality of Agios Dimitrios) and Fokida, durin g July-December 2012 period. A questionnaire for demographic data was administered and depression wa s evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale Sh ort Form (GDS-15), which has been standardized in Greek elderly population. Results: Results demonstrate that 84.3% of the sample shows depressive symptoms (79.9% moderate and 5.03% severe depression). Depressive symptomatology appears to be more common prevalent among the elderly living in Athens compared those living in s emi-urban areas (24% difference in both sexes). Mor eover, it was observed that the sex ( Β= -0.131, 95% CI 0.394-0.656, p=0.035) and the smoking status ( Β= -0.181, 95% CI 0.505-0.867, p=0.010) were negatively associated with depressive ymptomatology in individuals who live Athens. Conclusions: The high rates of depressive symptomatology demonst rate the need for a strong social support network as an effective intervention to prevent dep ression and promote healthy aging.


Several factors such as age, female sex, diabetes, and prior angina can adversely affect prognosis of subjects with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) [1–3]. A deleterious effect on patient survival has been described by some investigators also for a history of hypertension [4,5], but authors of other reports did not mention any relation between a history of hypertension and mortality after AMI [6].


【Objective】 To research the possible mechanisms of neuropathic pain that GABAA receptor α2 has involved.【Methods】 Whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record DRG neurons GABAA receptor muscimol-activated currents from control injured side,CCI injured side,CCI opposite side,while using immunofluorescence to observe the changes of GABAA receptor α2.【Results】 CCI injured side produced significantly thermal withdrawal latency shorter(P 0.01).Three typical muscimol-activated currents were recorded on DRG GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline(100 μmol/L) could block these current;Muscimol(0.1~1 000.0 μmol/L) caused concentration-dependent inward current on DRG.Control Injured side,CCI Injured side,and CCI opposite side,current amplitude were(1 487.0±92.9) pA(n =12),(541.0±63.3) pA(n =12),(1 945.0±284.4) pA(n =12),significantly different from three groups;By immunofluorescence in DRG neurons,we found CCI injured side of GABAAR α2 expression was decreased compared with control injured side,while the expression of CCI opposite side was increased.【Conclusion】 Weaken of expression of GABAA receptor α2 subunit may cause reduced of the GABA-mediated presynaptic inhibition and ease of incomingnociceptive information,resulting in pain sensitization.The decrease of pre-synaptic inhibition of GABA may be the possible reason of neuropathic pain.


This paper is a case study in which it is a question of showing that the new international environment encourages companies to develop strategies for the purpose of internationalizing. With the use of the theories and methods of internationalization it is sought to demonstrate why a company wants to internationalize, which benefits and which disadvantages it when internationalizing, therefore the company seeks the most optimal strategy for its growth. Finally, this paper seeks to formulate an internationalization strategy based on a real company that has an interest in internationalizing itself, which is Helados Bacatá S.A.S. located in the city of Bogota, which operates as a franchise.


The article presents the results of research devoted to study of ethnic identity of Poles living in the Republic of Buryatia.


1. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS 2. INEQUALITY 3. PROBLEMS OF THE FAMILY 4. CRIME AND DEVIANCE 5. PROBLEMS OF THE ENVIRONMENT 6. CONCLUSIONS


In a conventional carburetor which has a slow fuel system branched from downstream of a main jet, back bleed phenomenon, that is, air bleed from slow fuel system to main fuel system, is accured in full load condition. This phenomenon makes pricise fuel metering of the carburetor difficult, therefore makes driving performance worse in this condition. This paper discusses the condition of occurrence of back bleed analytically and experimentally. And the practical methods of suppression of the back bleed phenomenon are proposed and the effects of this method are confirmed experimentally.


A 62-year-old woman with inoperable lung cancer received systemic combined chemotherapy with cisplatin and vindesine sulfate. Lower extremity edema occurred after chemotherapy and an iliocavagram revealed a large intraluminal solitary thrombus, which was floating in the inferior vena cava (IVC) and extending up to the level of the renal vein. A thrombectomy using the simple IVC clamping procedure was successfully performed. Primary thrombosis of the IVC is rare, and this is the first reported case associated with lung cancer. A thrombectomy using the simple clamping of the IVC is considered to be a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of a free-floating thrombus in the IVC even in the case of a lung cancer patient.


Nowadays industrially produced chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) substantiallymodify the global climate, since their emission leads to environmentallyhazardous ozone depleting reactions. Beforehand photoexcited low-energyelectrons must attach dissociatively (DEA) to the CFCs on catalytically active icy grains in the terrestrial atmosphere.
This is the first systematic ab-initio study providing a comprehensivepicture of activation and course of these intermediate chemical reactionsvia analysing prototypical adsorbed molecules (phenyl halogenides) and icesurface structures.
A characteristic scenario for the microscopic mechanisms and the relevantelectronic structures is found employing GW and underlying plane waveperiodic supercell DFT calculations. Insight into direct neutralphotodissociation is given by subsequent BSE calculations. The theoreticalresults are entirely consistent with the observations, made e.g. via STMor 2PPE experiments, and contribute significantly to their explanation.Apart from that nascent solvated electrons at the ice surface are offundamental interest, since they can induce reactions of adsorbates in awide range of energy and time scales. The results evidence a connectionbetween electron solvation and reorientations of ice surface molecules.


Introduction Medication reviews (MRs) have become an integral part of pharmacists' practice in many countries. In this study, MR was defined as a structured assessment of patients' pharmacotherapy whose aim is to optimize drug use and to improve health outcomes. These MR services are typically part of government-funded programs that are not always designed based on published pharmacist intervention studies linked with improvements to patient outcomes. There is evidence regarding the benefits of pharmacist-led MRs, including improvements in chronic disease management, quality of life, patient knowledge and satisfaction, resolution of drug therapy problems and reduced medication costs. However, there have been no large multinational randomized, controlled trials measuring the impact of MRs on patient morbidity or mortality, and reviews or syntheses of studies often come to inconclusive results. This knowledge gap may be, in part, due to a possible lack of standardization regarding the activities performed during an MR in various regions of the world, making it impossible for researchers to combine and analyze MR data from different countries. A previously published comparison of the standardization or consistency of activities performed by pharmacists during MR in various countries was not identified; however, it is clear that the primary aims of MR programs vary widely around the world. For example, the British Medicines Use Review (MUR) targets adherence, whereas comprehensive medication management (CMM) in the United States includes an intensive workup of pharmacotherapeutic and patientoriented goals. Several different national or regional guidelines on MR have been developed, tailoring MR activities to individual health systems. Examples include the Pharmacist Guide for the Saskatchewan Medication Assessment Program (SMAP), which has recently been evaluated, and the Australian guidelines for pharmacists providing Residential Medication Management Reviews (RMMR), Home Medicines Reviews (HMR) and MedsCheck. The existence of multiple locally developed guidance documents, funding models and policies suggests that there may be significant inconsistencies regarding the specific activities that are performed by pharmacists during an MR in different countries. The aim of this policy review was to compare the specific activities of pharmacists who provide MRs in a convenience sample of 6 countries. The primary objectives were to determine if there are inconsistencies in how the service is provided internationally and to identify if key components of MRs (based on known best practices) are being omitted.


Wheel squeal is generally attributed to the lateral wheel vibration induced by lateral creepage. It should be noted, however, longitudinal creepage also exists at wheel/rail interface. Given the significance of longitudinal creepage in vehicle dynamics, a test rig that can introduce various longitudinal creepages by changing the teeth number of synchronous pulley is developed in this research, and measurement results show that squeal spectrum has three dominant peaks, whose sound pressure levels decrease with longitudinal creepage. In order to investigate the reason why longitudinal creepage can mitigate wheel squeal, a model of a wheel/rail system is developed in this research to analyse this phenomenon using complex eigenvalue method, and the results show the inner wheel tends to generate unstable vibration at three different vibration modes, correlating well with the dominant peaks of sound spectrum. Further analyses can illustrate the reason why longitudinal creepage can mitigate wheel squeal: the absolute value of effective damping ratio of each mode decreases with longitudinal creepage, so structural damping and frictional damping are less likely to be overcome by negative damping.


The invention discloses a method for realizing the safety of an MCU (micro controller unit). After the MCU is power-on, a main reset signal in an MCU chip is set to '1' by utilizing a power supply monitoring circuit, then an RC oscillation circuit in the MCU chip is started, and a power-on reset adaptive circuit is started at the same time; the power-on reset adaptive circuit immediately reads a 128-bit security key stored in a safety position of an Flash; the security key is stored in a password matching circuit and then the main reset signal is released; a JTAG (joint test action group) debugging interface is in an off state by default; after the MCU chip works, the password matching circuit starts working; when a password is externally input, the password matching circuit is used for performing matching confirmation on the password and the security key, and after matching is confirmed to be correct, the JTAG debugging interface is on, or otherwise, erasing the whole MCU chip. The invention further discloses a circuit for realizing the safety of the MCU. The method and the circuit can improve the safety of the ultra-low-power MCU and greatly increase the cracking cost of an invader.


Multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)and carbon black were used as conductive agent of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2.Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses found that MWCNT connected active particles in series to form a three-dimensional network structure while carbon black conglomerated in the interval space among active particles.The galvanostatic charge-discharge test showed that MWCNT could improve the specific discharge capacity and rate capability of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2,the 1.0 C initial specific discharge capacity increased 23 mAh/g when MWCNT completely replaced carbon black.


Publication details for:Geoffrey Barker, Sexing it Up: Iraq, Intelligence and Australia, UNSW Press, 2003, pp 112, pb $16.95, ISBN 0868404799.


Building plan for Midland Memorial Hospital in Midland, Texas. It includes a partial first floor plan for a nurses home. It has a side note about reporting incorrect dimensions.


We present magnetoresistance (MR) measurements on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different ferromagnetic leads. A sample with permalloy (Ni80Fe20) contacts shows the expected tunneling‐type MR effect. Measurements on devices with CoPd contacts show a larger change of resistance with magnetic field. However, only minor loops are observed, which is explained with domain wall pinning. This is supported by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) measurements, which reveal a complicated bubble and stripe domain pattern.


Massive electronic data involve lots of image evidence. The specific classification of geometric curved surfaces on the image set in image recognition algorithm will result in information loss. For this problem, an improved iterative deep learning algorithm (IIDLA) based on convolutional neural network is proposed. The algorithm adopts pooled convolutional layer (PCL) to conduct underlying translation invariant feature learning, applies hierarchical iteration and uses convolutional neural network (CNN) to learn different nonlinear features of input image set. The image library and inquiry examples of the algorithm include face or object image set of different view angle, background, facial expression, resolution and illuminance. The dataset is used to evaluate and compare the proposed algorithm and other algorithms. The results show that the proposed algorithm has the best performance on the evaluation dataset.


Purpose: While providing care, which is the nature of nursing, nurses exhibit different emotional labor behaviors. This research was conducted to determine the emotional labor and caring behaviors of nursing students and the correlation between them.
Methods: This study was conducted with cross-sectional correlational research design on 228 students who were studying in nursing department and were providing care to patients in the clinic. The data were collected using the Student Information Form, Emotional Labor Behavior Scale for Nurses, and Caring Behaviors Inventory.
Results: The mean age of the students was 20.78±1.72. While their emotional labor score was 4.07±0.57, their caring behaviors score was 5.08±0.68. Emotional labor and caring behaviors subscale and total score of the students who were female, preferred nursing since it is a healthcare profession, and were satisfied with their department were higher than the other groups. Emotional labor score of the third-year students and caring behaviors subscale and total score of the first-year students were higher than the other groups. In the study, a positive correlation was determined between emotional labor and caring behaviors total scores.
Conclusion: It was shown that emotional labor and caring behaviors scores of the students were higher than the average and the gender, the class, the reason for preferring the department, and satisfaction with the department were important indicators for emotional labor in care.


The study of the topic aims to clarify some theoretical issues about drugs and drug trading, the contents of current legal regulations on drug trading conditions, and practical application in Dong Nai province. On that basis, we can see the problems and shortcomings of the current law and propose a number of solutions to improve and improve the effectiveness of the application of the law on drug trading conditions in Vietnam in general and Dong Nai province in particular. To achieve that goal, this study focuses on the following contents: Analyzing the practice of drug trading in Dong Nai province, on that basis pointing out the limitations and shortcomings in the implementation of the law on drug trading lawsuits; analyzing the current legal status of drug trading conditions to point out inadequacies in the provisions of the law on the stated issue; provides a number of orientations, specific solutions, and recommendations to improve and improve the effectiveness of the application of the law on drug trading conditions.


Eurocode 7 on 'Geotechnical design' is now actively being implemented throughout Europe. In particular, Part 1 devoted to the 'General rules' (Part 1) has been published in 2004 and National Annexes are presently being prepared (2006). After describing shortly the history of the development of Eurocode 7, and giving the main contents of the documents, some aspects of particular interest to the soil-structure interaction modelling are described: design approaches (DA1, DA2 and DA3) for ULS verifications in persistent and transient design situations, SLS verifications and allowable movements of foundations.


On the basis of analyzing the status quo of current pratices in geological prospecting, the paper raises the conceptual development strategy of the geological prospecting unit. It considers that an effective way for sound economic development is for there to be a structural readjustment of the industry, by considering both the geological prospecting unit and the recombination of capital (which is considered alongside the setting up of the current enterprise system). The paper puts forward some specific measures based on the following premise: by preserving the brand names of geological prospecting units and the statuses of the staff.


This paper applies tensegrity to create an architectural structure such as those that could be used for sportsarenas or other buildings requiring large, open spaces. This proposal generates an external tensegrity ring witha central dome, free of any interior support, by formfinding a diamond-shaped membrane with discontinuous struts in a double layer structure that finds its equilibrium through the pretension of the membrane. The tendons that are used in traditional tensegrity structures are replaced by membranes and this propasal is the main contribution of this work. Structural equilibrium was analyzed using the WinTess software and wind-tunnel testing was used to determine the Cp-pressure coefficient.


Objective: To observe the relationship between the odontoblast process and the dentinal tubules.Methods: Twenty-four premolars,all caries-free or only slightly decayed,were extracted.twenty premolars were used for immunohistochemical study.Four premolare were used for scanning electron microscopic study.Results: The positive extent of vimentin was evident in an intratubular location,along the primary currature of the dentinal tubules and appeared as long continuous bodis.It extended to the dentino-cemental junction to the root dentin and the dentino-enamal junction at the coronal dentin.The tendency to the odontoblast process distribution was very rich in inner 1/3 part of the dentin,and gradually decressed outwards.The extent of positive labelling was also gradually weakened outwards.The odontoblast processes extended to the dentino-enamal junction in the scanning electron .Conclusion: The odontoblast processes extend to the end of the dentinal tubules


This book focuses on a major and highly significant development in the governing of education across the globe: the use of knowledge-based technologies to make policy, rather than simply as aids to decision-making. These technologies, we suggest, are themselves becoming the process of governing. A combination of factors has produced this shift. First, the massive expansion of technological capacity signalled by the arrival of 'big data' (McKinsey 2013) allows for the collection, circulation and processing of extensive system knowledge. The second factor is the growth of comparison as a basis for and justification of action. This growth is accompanied, inevitably, by the increasing displacement of contextualised, messy and 'local' understandings and meanings as resources for policy development, along with much of the ideological debate that previously fuelled a politics of education.


The Erie Canal is one of the engineering marvels of the world and was largely responsible for Rochester's transformation into an economic powerhouse, yet there is little representation of it in the cultural institutions throughout Rochester. In collaboration with the Office of the City Historian, I created a digital exhibit to commemorate the Erie Canal and its economic and social effects on the City of Rochester. This paper tracks the many decisions I made throughout the process of creating the exhibit and goes into detail about how best to select items, craft a narrative, and put the exhibit together in a way that will entice people and be accessible to all that are interested. Additionally, this paper explores the benefits of an online exhibit as compared to an in-person one, and it gives guidance as to what types of items should be digitized and what that digitization can do for the artifact. Additionally, I explored how an exhibit can be formed around educational standards, as this exhibit will be used in classrooms throughout the Rochester City School District. By identifying broadly applicable best-practice standards, this paper provides a road map for cultural institutions across the country looking to create a digital exhibit of their own, even with limited resources.


Regional aircraft are playing a significant role in airline operations. This paper considers the problem of selecting an appropriate aircraft from the airline fleet for optimal regional air travel realization. Complexity balance between air travel demand (passengers, goods) and the proposed aircraft capacity presents the priority in airline operations. A principal feature of the methodology considered in this paper is a multi attribute analysis of technological and operational aircraft characteristics (turboprop and turbojet). A comparison of the presented regional aircraft parameters is based on the following criteria: technological (aerodynamic efficiency, structural efficiency, fuel flow at the optional FL, cruise endurance and requested trip fuel for the fixed cruise range), operational (max range with max payload, ground efficiency (aircraft maintainability based on external dimensions) and climb capability. With the aim of defining aircraft rank, the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method was applied. Therefore, the Saaty scale was used for developing the weight of different criteria. The conducted research included a sample of four representative regional aircraft: Do328, CRJ100er, Saab2000 and ERJ145. The results obtained would help in determining the airline fleet or selecting the optional solution from the existing fleet.


Off-campus practice base construction in higher vocational colleges is the key link of reform of higher vocational education personnel training mode.This paper illustrates the bottleneck that restricting the construction of off-campus practice base,puts forward the specific solutions: the cooperation of school and enterprise to construct the off-campus practice base and cultivate practice skills.


Duncan Haughey (letters March 30) is right. I was on the receiving end when my partner had a serious head injury. I was appalled at the standard of care he received.


Preface Prelude 1. Time, place, and person PART ONE: FAITH AND REASON 2. Thomas s Intellectual Project 3. Praeambula Fidei: God and the World 4. Fides Quaerens Intellectum PART TWO: FOLLOWING CHRIST 5. The way of God incarnate 6. The way of God s people 7. Thomas in history


The layout of the China Comprehensive Transportation Corridors and Hubs (CCTCH), depicted in the 13th Five Year Plan of Transportation, revolves around transport integration and economic globalization. With the aim of improving the sustainability of the entire national transportation system, this paper studies the sustainability of the CCTCH from the perspective of network characteristics and network invulnerability. The topological properties of the CCTCH were quantitatively analyzed, based on graph theory and complex network theory. The relationship between the node degree, betweenness, socioeconomic factors (i.e., GDP, population, GDP per capita) and hub type was explored using correlation analysis. A vulnerability assessment model was developed to investigate the influence of node disruption on the whole network, as well as specific origin–destination paths, and a simulation analysis was conducted to examine the variations in the network performances faced with different attack scenarios. The results show that, among several factors, the hub type has a strong relationship with the node degree and a moderate correlation with GDP. We conclude that the CCTCH is relatively fragile from the viewpoint of network efficiency, and for the purpose of international transportation from the domestic border hubs to the economically developed cities.


— This paper presents an ideal and effective control strategy to compensate harmonics and the load-reactive power demand by connecting a three-phase unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). In order to reduce the power quality problems this paper presents, the flexible control technique for UPQC as dual control in power distribution system. The polluted loads at the end user side are always creates the power quality problems. In this paper, UPQC system is used for series and parallel power conditioning and they act as sinusoidal current and voltage source inverters respectively. The series and shunt active power filter (APF) injects voltage and current at significant phase angle which converts non-sinusoidal electrical quantities into sinusoidal electrical quantities. This is also called as dual compensation. The proposed UPQC system can connect to both three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire distribution systems. The UPQC system can enhance the power quality in distribution system at the point of common coupling (PCC) under non-ideal mains voltage and unbalanced load conditions. The simulation results based on MATLAB/Simulink are analyzed and studied.


Nowadays, it is increasingly common to hear teachers remark the students' lack of interest in their classrooms. Without searching a diagnosis to such phenomenon but acknowledging that all of us teachers are faced with the task of motivating students in our classes at some point in our careers, this paper purports to present some tools provided by various foreign language teaching methods which may be useful for this porpuse. Since the surge of audiolingualism in the 50s up to the latest methods, such as the communicative method, different authors have claimed they had found the "magic" solution to achieve outstanding teaching results. A more realistic procedure in our classrooms is using different strategies depending on the context and the teachers' needs, which is consistent with a "post method" theory.


Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and operational amplifiers are commonly used microelectronics in spaceflight instrumentation. In ground-based testing, these devices have been shown to experience single-event upset (SEU), the digital variety for the FPGA and the analog or transient type for the op-amps. Two experiment boards on the Microelectronics and Photonics Test Bed (MPTB) test these same parts in space. The data collected to date are presented here. The most interesting results are not from the primary focus of the SEU but from the total ionizing dose (TID) current monitoring of the FPGAs.


I am very grateful to the authorities of the Zoological Survey of India, Indian Museum, Calcutta, for sending me, at my request, a very interesting collection of sawflies, mainly from the Himalayas, for study. Since writing up the report I had an opportunity of studying the types of sa wfiies, described by Cameron and Smith, preserved in the British Museum (Natural History), London, Hope Collection, Oxford, and the Indian Museum, Calcutta, and the changes in synonymies, etc., . rendered necessary by this study are incorporated in the present report.


Recent work by our research group has shown that wave damping can have a surprisingly strong effect on the evolution of waves in deep water, even when the damping is weak. Whether damping is or is not included in a theoretical model can change the outcome in terms of both stability of wave patterns and frequency downshifting. It is conceivable that it might affect the early development of rogue waves as well.


Disease surveillance is critical for mobilizing health care resources and deciding on isolation measures to contain the spread of infectious diseases. Because ground truth signals of rare and deadly diseases are sparse, it can be useful to enrich surveillance systems using measures of social and environmental factors which are known to influence the spread of a disease. One approach to measure such factors is by using real time news streams. In this study, we model the epidemiological transmission of the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) disease during the outbreak that occurred from 2013 to 2018 in the Arabian peninsula. Using the GDELT news event database, we show that conflict related signals allow us to reconstruct the time series of newly infected cases per week. This reduces the residual sum of squared errors by a factor of 3.36 as compared to a standard epidemiological model. We also capture interpretable time-sensitive factors which illustrate the importance of using real time news stream to model the evolution of a disease such as MERS and facilitate early and effective policy interventions.


A stacked semiconductor device formed using a semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor element having one major surface arranged with a plurality of electrodes, and a wiring board having a plurality of conductive layers arranged on an insulating substrate, characterized in that the wiring board is arranged substantially in U-shape along the outer edge part of the semiconductor element, one end of the conductive layers arranged on the wiring board is connected with the electrode of the semiconductor element and the other end of the conductive layers is led out in a direction different from that of the semiconductor element on the other major surface side of the semiconductor element.


The paper presents three cases taken from three provinces (Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shandong) to show the ways to build new villages based on their specific conditions. The paper emphasizes the importance of rational planning, efficient public agencies, and villagers' self-rule organizations, while prompting mechanism to encourage working industriously


Abstract An improved method is described for the separation of the five CNBr fragments of bovine serum albumin. Gel filtration and carboxy-methyl cellulose chromatography are the primary techniques used. The composition of the fragments agree with those previously reported by T. P. King and M. Spencer (J. Biol. Chem., 245, 6134, 1970).


: The reset of the economy worldwide after the Corona pandemic, now in 2022, is the perfect opportunity to invest in industries and business models based on the principles of sustainability and circularity. In the transition towards a sustainable society and a circular economy model, the marketing educators will have a critical role by implementing environmental and social criteria in the marketing curriculum. At the same time marketing students understand that the world is a system in which their actions, as well as the actions of nations, have consequences across the globe and they require to learn more about sustainability during their university study. The author focuses on (i) analyzing why modern mainstream marketing as it has evolved is being challenged by emerging concerns about sustainability (ii) presenting why students are getting serious about sustainability (iii) describing curriculum and presenting key learning objectives in the area of sustainable marketing.


As a consequence of the decision to cease operating the Italian Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) at Trino Vercellese, the environmental impact of its decommissioning has been evaluated. The radioactive releases from the NPP are very small and it is indeed very difficult to determine the critical group. The effective doses to representative members of the critical group are extremely low and well below the reference levels defined by the Italian Agency for Environmental Protection.


Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda Campus, Visakhapatnam 530045, (AP), India ISSN: 0976-3031 RESEARCH ARTICLE FACTORS AFFECTING MALARIA DISEASE TRANSMISSION AND INCIDENCE: A SPECIAL FOCUS ON VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT S.T.P.R.C. Pavan Kumar and N.N.R. Reddy Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda Campus, Visakhapatnam -530045, (AP), India


Soil invertebrates are crucial for agroecosystem functioning yet sensitive to agricultural practices, including fertilization. Considering the postulates of circular phosphorus economy, the use of fertilizers from secondary raw materials is likely to return and increase and may even become obligatory. The effects of recycled fertilizers on soil fauna communities, however, remain poorly understood. In this paper, the effect of phosphorus fertilizer (RecF) and biofertilizer (RecB) from sewage sludge ash and dried animal (porcine) blood on earthworm's occurrence in soil is discussed. RecB is RecF activated by phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus megaterium. Waste-based fertilizers were assessed in field experiments against commercial superphosphate and no P fertilization. Three levels of P doses were established (17.6, 26.4, and 35.2 kg P ha−1). Earthworms were collected after the test crop harvest (spring or winter wheat). In the experiments two earthworm species, Aporrectodea caliginosa and Aporrectodea rosea, were identified. A large proportion of juvenile individuals were recorded in 2017. The recycled fertilizers used in the experiments used in recommended doses, similarly to superphosphate, did not alter the density, biomass, species composition, and structure of earthworms. Further long-term field research is recommended.


Originally published in: Protein Folding Handbook. Part I. Edited by Johannes Buchner and Thomas Kiefhaber. Copyright © 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3-527-30784-2

The sections in this article are

Introduction
Unfolded vs. Denatured Proteins

Early History
The Random Coil
The Random Coil–Theory
The Random Coil Model Prompts Three Questions
The Folding Funnel
Transition State Theory
Other Examples
Implicit Assumptions from the Random Coil Model

The Random Coil–Experiment
Intrinsic Viscosity
SAXS and SANS

Questions about the Random Coil Model
Questions from Theory
The Flory Isolated-pair Hypothesis
Structure vs. Energy Duality
The "Rediscovery" of Polyproline II Conformation
PII in Unfolded Peptides and Proteins

Questions from Experiment
Residual Structure in Denatured Proteins and Peptides

The Reconciliation Problem
Organization in the Unfolded State – the Entropic Conjecture
Steric Restrictions beyond the Dipeptide

Future Directions
Acknowledgments

Keywords:

protein unfolding;
random coil;
polyproline;
residual structure


Bioinfomatics offers an efficient tool for molecular genetics applications and sequence homology search algorithms became an inevitable part for many different research strategies. Appropriate managing of known data that are stored in public available databases can be used in many ways in the research. Here, we report the identification of RmlC-like cupins superfamily protein DNA sequence than is known in Arabidopsis genome for the Amaranthus - plant specie where this sequence was still not sequenced. A BLAST based approach was used to identify the homologous sequences in the nucleotide database and to find suitable parts of the Arabidopsis sequence were primers can be designed. In total, 64 hits were found in nucleotide database for Arabidopsis RmlC-like cupins sequence. A query cover ranged from 10% up to the 100% among RmlC-like cupins nucleotides and its homologues that are actually stored in public nucleotide databases. The most conserved region was identified for matches that posses nucleotides in the range of 1506 up to the 1925 bp of RmlC-like cupins DNA sequence stored in the database. The in silico approach was subsequently used in PCR analysis where the specifity of designed primers was approved. A unique, 250 bp long fragment was obtained for Amaranthus cruentus and a hybride Amaranthus hypochondriacus x hybridus in our analysis. Bioinformatic based analysis of unknown parts of the plant genomes as showed in this study is a very good additional tool in PCR based analysis of plant variability. This approach is suitable in the case for plants, where concrete genomic data are still missing for the appropriate genes, as was demonstrated for Amaranthus .


The beer stability is important for brewing process and for consumers. The beer taste and flavor stability are correlated with antioxidant capacity. The evaluation of antioxidant capacity for each brew on brewing process is difficult, time and materials consuming. A rapid method for evaluation of antioxidant capacity was tested and a good correlation with beer stability was determinate. The antioxidant compounds were extracted in organic solvent and the quantity of these compounds was measures by UV-VIS spectrophotometry.


Traditional sports teaching always pays more attention to the technique of sporting games and sporting ability of students who do sports and neglects psychological exercise of sports,which influences the increase of sporting level of students and makes students become nervous and hinders the achievement of sports teaching's purpose.So,this paper puts forward that we should care for and strengthen psychological exercise of sports of students,and help students take part in sports exercises smoothly and achieve teaching purposes.


AbstructJOINT VENTURE (HSV-X1) is a prototype high-speed catamaran, which was designed to rapidly transport troops and equipment in the littoral environment. One of JOINT VENTURES designed capabilities is helicopter operations. Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWC-AD) Patuxent River, Maryland conducted Dynamic Interface (DI) flight tests of JOINT VENTURE using H-60 helicopters. The purpose of these tests was to evaluate the aviation facilities of JOINT VENTURE to certify the ship for helicopter operations under daylight Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) and develop a safe envelope for conducting helicopter operations. The flight test techniques typically used for DI were developed for helicopter operations aboard mono-hulled ships. They determine the maximum safe relative winds over the flight deck and ship motion (pitch and roll). The ship motion and relative winds generated by ship speed on a high-speed catamaran are vastly different than the motion of a mono-hulled ship. The focus of this paper is the validity of traditional DI test techniques when testing the dynamic interface between helicopters and non-traditional ship types.


Epizootic outbreaks of motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS) due to Aeromonas hydrophila infections in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque 1818) and hybrid catfish I. punctatus x I. furcatus (Valenciennes 1840) spread through West Alabama and East Mississippi, United States of America in 2009 and have been seasonally recurrent, with losses in the millions of pounds. While A. hydrophila is typically considered an opportunistic pathogen, no other primary aetiologic agent has been found. Mortalities are as high as 60 % in ponds and primarily affect larger fish, causing diseases characteristic of MAS infections that include severe skin ulceration and haemorrhage, generalized petechiation, ascites, marked splenomegaly with necrosis, and gastric haemorrhage. A multistate research group (Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi) examined A. hydrophila isolates, which were found to be highly clonal by phylogenetic analyses of gene sequences ( atpD, dnaJ, dnaX, gyrA, gyrB, recA, rpoD ). A representative strain of the hypervirulent A. hydrophila pathotype (vAh), ML09-119, was found to be more virulent in channel catfish than historical A. hydrophila strains


In ice‐covered lakes, near‐bottom oxygen concentration decreases for most of the wintertime, sometimes down to the point that bottom waters become hypoxic. Studies insofar have reached divergent conclusions on whether climate change limits or reinforces the extent and duration of hypoxia under ice, raising the need for a comprehensive understanding of the drivers of the dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics under lake ice. Using high‐temporal resolution time series of DO concentration and temperature across 14 mountain lakes, we showed that the duration of bottom hypoxia under ice varies from 0 to 236 d within lakes and among years. The variability of hypoxia duration was primarily explained by changes in the decay rate of DO above the lake bottom rather than by differences in DO concentration at the ice onset or in the ice‐cover duration. We observed that the DO decay rate was primarily linked to physical controls (i.e., deep‐water warming) rather than biogeochemical drivers (i.e., proxies for lake or catchment productivity). Using a simple numerical model, we provided a proof‐of‐concept that the near‐bed stratification can be the mechanism tying the DO decay rate to the sediment heat release under the ice. We ultimately showed that the DO decay rate and hypoxia duration are driven by the summer light climate, with faster oxygen decline found under the ice of clearer cryostratified alpine lakes. We derived a framework theorizing how the hypoxia duration might change under the ice of alpine lakes in a warmer climate.


Object To establish a new method for the identification of Yangti (Chinese herb from Rumex L., Polygonaceae) by near infrared diffuse reflectance spectrometry. Methods Cluster analysis and discriminative analysis were adopted for their identification. Results The method can identify crude Yangti to a certain degree with results coincident with that of the traditional phytotoxnomy. Conclusion This method can be used for the rapid and accurate differentiation of crude drug of Rumex L..


In order to improve increase the transmissivity of the Glan-Taylor prism,antireflection films for the visible spectrum and 1 064 nm were designed and evaporated on the Glan-Taylor prism.Al2O3 and ZrO2 were selected as the transition layer and the buffer layer to improve the adhesion between the coating and the Iceland crystal.The simplex refinement method was used to optimize coatings.A multilayer antireflection coating was deposited using electron beam evaporation and ion assisted deposition.While coating thickness and deposition rate were monitored and demonstrated by quartz crystal oscillation.The testing results indicate that:the value of the average residual reflection is below 0.5% in visible spectrum and 1 064 nm,and the adhesive power between the coating and the Iceland crystal is good.


Iris image segmentation process based on graphical user interface (GUI) to accurately localize the iris structure is presented in this paper. The major challenge confronting the precision of an iris recognition model is how to determine the accuracy of the iris segmentation and localization. There are varying parameters that introduce constraints during feature extraction and these greatly affect the matching performance during iris localization. To this end, the Integro-differential operator, which involves the detection of inner and outer regions of the iris, and the circular hough transform, which is capable of detecting the circular boundary from the edge mapping were investigated, and an active contour model was evolved. In the evolved model, an emerging curve mapped with the zeros of the data set function is experimentally exploited. To demonstrate the suitability of the model for precise iris recognition, its parameters were compared against other related models. Simulation results show that the model has higher flexibility of substitution of images, and the images could be analyzed more accurately with less false rejections (FR) and false acceptance (FA) in comparison with the integro-differential operator. This implies that images could be analyzed faster using the evolved model, and easily substituted especially in situations where the need to care for numerous eye patients occur.


Rehabilitation is dynamic, rapidly changing and growing. The term "traditional" in rehabilitation sometimes refers to timehonored procedures that bear little relationship to more recent research. More often, it refers to concepts and practices that were consider~l revolutionary just a short time ago. The purpose of this article is to look at how psychology can contribute to this changing, cost-conscious field.


According to set theory,the method specifies the firewall filtering rules and various types of anomaly among them,brings forward a judgment method of anomaly types,points out the problems in the process of judgment which works directly on firewall rules.On the basis of order-sensitive characteristic of firewall rule configuration,the method finds out the equivalent irrelevance-rule set and modifies the filtering rule.


The dynamic mathematical modeling of asynchronous electrical machines and machines with a double power supply, for an arbitrary number of phases, is considered. Models of the electromagnetic and electromechanical processes are presented, taking account of nonlinearity of the equivalent magnetization characteristic, as well as rational structures of the objects and recommendations for their application.


Bibliography of the reviewed book: Pollock, D., & Reken, R. (Revised Edition 2009). Third Culture Kids: Growing Among Worlds. Nicholas Brealey Publishing.


The Jimusar Sag, at the eastern margin of the Junggar Basin, has made significant progress in the tight oil exploration of the Lucaogou Formation (P2l) recently, which indicates that the tight oil resources have good exploration prospects. Whereas the lack of recognition of the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of the P2l source rocks results in misunderstandings of tight oil resource potential. Based on the comprehensive analysis of geological and geochemical characteristics of wells, seismic inversion, sedimentary facies, tectonic burial depth, the characteristics of the P2l source rocks were investigated, and the horizontal distributions were predicted: the thickness of source rocks, abundance and type of organic matter. And on this basis, an improved hydrocarbon generation potential methodology together with basin simulation techniques were applied to unravel the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of the P2l source rocks. Results show that the P2l source rocks distribute widely (up to 1500 km 2 ), are thick (up to 160 m), have high total organic content (TOC, ranging from 0.03 to 19.01 wt%), are dominated by type II kerogen, and have entered into low mature-mature stage. The modeling results indicate that the source rocks reached hydrocarbon generation threshold and hydrocarbon expulsion threshold at 0.48% and 0.86% VR. The amount of generation and expulsion from the source rocks was 54.10x10 8 t and 16.69x10 8 t, respectively, with a residual amount of 37.41x10 8 t within the source rocks. Volumetrically, the geological resource of shale oil is up to 36.69x10 8 t. Small differences (0.72x10 8 t) between the amounts calculated by volumetric method compared with that by hydrocarbon generation potential methodology may be due to other oil accumulations present within interbedded sands associated with the oil shales.


Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases of the world and affects both men and women. In 2018, Cancer rate has risen to 18.1 million new incidents and 9.6 million deaths [17]. About 90.5 million of people were suffering from cancer in 2015. The modern medical image processing has several strategies and methodologies for detection and grading of cancer. Digital pathology is considered as the rising domain in current diagnosis system. Image segmentation is one of the important steps before classifying the cancer. The major problem arises when there are touching nuclei or overlapping nuclei for separation. This paper presents review of state-of-art techniques proposed for nuclei or tissue segmentation in digital HIs.


The article deals with the problem of traffic in three traffic-light intersections in the street network of Iasi city. Usually, the existing traffic lights do not fully take into account the size, structure and parameters of the queue of vehicles waiting at intersections; which in turn affects the traffic capacity of the intersection. In the study, we used a representative set of measurements taken at the three intersections to interpret the variation in the crossing speeds of the traffic light intersection space by the vehicle columns using the linear regression method. We studied several categories of vehicles queuing before the stop line at the intersection. We made a statistical analysis of the time taken to cross three intersections by vehicles in different starting positions. The main results of the research showed estimates in good agreement with observational data as well as a significant reduction in vehicle speed (to 58%) when there are different categories of vehicles queuing at the intersection. This study can be used in the urban traffic diagnosis method, being part of a traffic study together with urban traffic forecasting and therapy.


Globally, in last two decades, prevalence of the antibiotic resistance among the MRSA, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) has been observed against variety of antibiotics [15-19]. Moreover, incidences of resistance of Gram positive bacterial infections against the new drugs such as Linezolid and Daptomycin have also been published [20,21]. To combat such infections, discovery of novel drugs and/or novel scaffolds is of utmost importance. However new drug discovery is a long term and uncertain process with high expenditure. Another alternative to tackle such problem could be repositioning of the existing bioactive compounds in which known drugs are screened to establish their new bioactivity of desired interest [22]. For example, Rapamycin, a known immunosuppressant drug had been reported to exhibit anticancer activity against primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells [23]. Recently new anti-amyloidogenic activity was reported from previously known antibacterial antibiotic tetracycline [24]. Moreover mithramycin as a new candidate for developing new therapeutic drugs for neurodegenerative diseases has also been proposed [25]. Mithramycin has its beneficial effect for not only neurodegenerative diseases, but also a host of others, like cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis, ER stress mediated apoptosis in hippocampus, erythroid differentiation and fetal haemoglobin production in thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia [26-28]


Zero-voltage loop (ZVL) commutation in switched reluctance (SR) motor operation can result in a significant improvement of their performance by lowering the flux-linkage peaks and harmonic magnitudes of the magnetic flux densities within the core of the SR motor. The efficiency enhancement provided by ZVL commutation, especially in high-speed SR motoring has not been thoroughly investigated to-date. This paper investigates the energy conversion efficiency of SR motors with ZVL current commutation. The lowering of core losses is investigated with finite element modeling of a 250 kW 12/8 SR motor. An enhancement of efficiency in the ranges of 0--3% and 0--5% is computed considering operation below base-speed and above base-speed respectively. The effect of core material on the ZVL commutation performance is also investigated for the 250 kW 12/8 SR motor. The increase of efficiency with ZVL is further validated with experimental results on a 300 W 6/4 SR motor which achieves an enhancement in the range of 2-6%.


In rigidity theory, specifically combinatorial rigidity, one can simply count vertices and edges (constraints) in a graph and its subgraphs to determine the rigidity and flexibility of a corresponding framework. The 6|V|–6 counting condition for 3-dimensional bodyhinge structures, through the molecular conjecture by Tay and Whiteley, and a fast `pebble game' algorithm which tracks the underlying count in the multigraph, have led to the development of the program FIRST, for analysis of the rigidity and flexibility of proteins. We give a brief description of the 6|V| – 6 pebble game algorithm with an illustration on a sample multigraph. In our work, we further extend the pebble game algorithm to quantify the relative degrees of freedom of a specified region (core) in the multigraph and identify the regions that are relevant as constraints with respect to the core. These new extensions (algorithms) can be used to study important biological applications, such as: detecting hinge motions between protein domains; regions required for allostery; and the rigidity impact of mutation studies. We present examples of these new extensions along with biological applications. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Rigidity theory has a rich history going back to the works of Euler, but it is only in the last thirty years that it has started to find the applications in basic sciences, such as sensors and communications, material science, protein and rna flexibility predictions, etc. There are several models in rigidity theory, the most common being the bar and joint frameworks, which consists of universal joints connected by fixed length bars. If the only motions maintaining the lengths of all the bars are trivial rigid motions (i.e. translations and rotations), the framework is rigid, otherwise it is flexible (see Figure 1). Figure 1: A rigid (a) and flexible (b), bar and joint framework. As determining rigidity in general is a difficult problem (a problem in quadratic algebra), the first useful counting (combinatorial) generalization for (generic) bar and joint frameworks in 2-dimension was confirmed as a mathematical result by Laman (1970) [10]. Using Laman's theorem it is enough to count the vertices and edges and their distributions in the framework to answer questions about its rigidity and avoid altogether the difficult geometry (i.e. rigidity becomes only a property of the underlying graph). Another less studied family of structures is the body-bar, body-hinge structures (see Figure 2 (a) – (b). Surprisingly, these models also have nice counting results for rigidity and a well developed mathematical theory [13, 15, 16]. Molecules are a special case of body hinge structures, where atoms are viewed as rigid bodies connected by molecular hinges (bonds) in 3-space (see Figure 2 (c)). The molecular conjecture in rigidity theory offers a remarkable graph theoretical (counting) criteria for determining the rigidity of molecular structures [13, 16, 17]; Figure 2: Body-bar (a), body-hinge (b) and molecular bodyhinge (c) structures. (a) (b) (c)


Abstract It is well established that the apolipoprotein epsilon 4 allele (APOE4) and being female are risk factors for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and declines in verbal learning and memory are early cognitive symptoms of conversion to AD. Because of conflicting findings regarding the effects of statins on cognition, this study examined statin use with respect to verbal learning and memory by APOE4 status in a sample of cognitively unimpaired women at risk for AD. Neuropsychological, statin use, and APOE4 data were utilized as a secondary analysis from an ongoing longitudinal study at the Banner Alzheimer's Institute in Arizona. Subjects were cognitively unimpaired women aged 47-75 with a family history of probable AD in at least one first-degree relative. Neuropsychological outcome variables included total learning, immediate memory, and delayed memory scores from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Statin use was defined by use of a cholesterol lowering drug at study enrollment. APOE4 status was defined by presence of at least one APOE4 allele. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine existence of interactions between statin use and APOE4 status on cognition. Statistically significant interactions were found between statin use and APOE4 status in RAVLT total learning and immediate memory. Statin use in women APOE4 non-carriers was associated with better verbal learning and immediate memory performances whereas statin use in women APOE4 carriers was associated with worse performances on these same tasks. Conclusions. Findings suggest that sex and APOE4 status may be important factors in consideration of statin use.


Three insecticides were applied by air to each of three different fields on Jul 28. An untreated check was also included in each field. Each material was applied using ten gallons of water per acre. Lygus bugs and beneficials were sampled two and nine days after application by taking four sets of 25 sweeps along the bean row in each plot. Western bean cutworm damage was counted by examining 2,000 pods per plot on Aug 22.


Learn WordPress with Bangeez is a tutorial series we created for ourselves as well as other WordPress enthusiasts to learn and improve their knowledge of the most famous Content Management System in the World....


We investigate numerically the orientational configuration of a nematic liquid crystal around a spherical particle. The use of adaptive mesh refinement scheme proves quite useful to overcome the numerical difficulty arising from large scale difference between a particle and a topological defect. Our scheme reproduces successfully the hedgehog and the Saturn ring configurations that have been observed experimentally. To demonstrate that dynamical behaviors can also be investigated using our scheme, we present a simulation result which exhibits a transition from a hedgehog to a Saturn ring under the application of an external field.


Parkinson's disease (PD) is known to be a neurodegenerative syndrome that progresses chronically. As a result of the damage or death of brain neurons that generate dopamine patients tend to face difficulty when performing simple everyday tasks like walking, writing, or speaking. The main contribution of this work presents a hybrid method for improving predicting PD. This methodology has been obtained by means of testing a number of different combinations of classification algorithms and approaches for selecting attributes. A total of three attributes selection methods (correlation, information gain, and variance threshold) and three classifiers (decision trees (DT), naive bayes (NB), and support vector machine (SVM)) have been adopted. The speech data set provided by University of California-Irvine (UCI) machine learning (ML) repository is adopted to analyze the performance of different combinations. The combination of information gain and DT classifier achieved the best performance rather than other combination methods, reaching a classification accuracy of (97.43%). Finally, an additional comparison of the performance analysis with the results of previous studies was made and it was found that the proposed methodology proved to outperform the results of other studies conducted in this field.


Over the past years, a number of engineering programs have arisen that transcend the division between technical, scientific and art-related disciplines. Media Technology at Aalborg University, Denmark is such an engineering program. In relation to mathematics education, this new development has changed the way mathematics is applied in practice and is taught in these disciplines. This paper discusses a doctoral dissertation that investigated and assessed interventions to increase student motivation and engagement in mathematics among Media Technology students. The results of this dissertation have been used to assess and improve practice in Media Technology and they may inspire interventions in other trans-disciplinary engineering programs.


We aim at predicting a complete and high-resolution depth map from incomplete, sparse and noisy depth measurements. Existing methods handle this problem either by exploiting various regularizations on the depth maps directly or resorting to learning based methods. When the corresponding color images are available, the correlation between the depth maps and the color images are used to improve the completion performance, assuming the color images are clean and sharp. However, in real world dynamic scenes, color images are often blurry due to the camera motion and the moving objects in the scene. In this paper, we propose to tackle the problem of depth map completion by jointly exploiting the blurry color image sequences and the sparse depth map measurements, and present an energy minimization based formulation to simultaneously complete the depth maps, estimate the scene flow and deblur the color images. Our experimental evaluations on both outdoor and indoor scenarios demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our approach.


In a study conducted to investigate the effects of regular application of cypermethrin on animal or pasture, sixteen Sokoto Gudali heifers were subjected to the following treatments: no treatment (NT); treatment on animal (TA); treatment on pasture (TP) and; treatment on animal and pasture (TAP) using a completely randomized design. Cypermethrin solution was sprayed on animals or pasture at 21-day intervals. There were significant reductions in tick count and babesia infection in cattle with application of cypermethrin on animal or pasture. Tick count was 27, 8, 12, and 3 per animal for NT, TA, TP and TAP respectively. Babesia parasite was not noticeable in the blood of heifers by the third week of treatment in TAP and sixth week in TA and TP. Animals in NT (control) were infected with babesia parasites throughout the period of study. The erythrocyte count (RBC) for cattle in this study was 10.5, 10.8, 10.8 and 11.7 × 10 12 /L for NT, TA, TP and TAP respectively, showing that health status of cattle improved with application of acaricide. Dry matter intake (DMI) of cattle increased from 1.98 to 3.75 % of body weight (BW) while growth rate of heifers increased from 0.30 to 0.78 kg/day when animal and pasture were treated with cypermethrin. These results show that health and performance of animals improved when tick control measures formed part of routine management practices for zebu heifers in tick infested areas.


The article touches upon both the doctrinal and the legal and technical problems in determining the signs of the extremist community as a form of group extremist activity. The analysis of scientific approaches, as well as interpretative acts of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which allowed to correlate the features of an organized group, a criminal and extremist community. The study showed that within the extremist community, taking into account the legislative wording and recommendations of the highest judicial authority, there is a mixture of signs of an organized group and a criminal community. In order to remove the identified intra-industry conflict, on the basis of the results obtained, changes to art. 2821 of the Criminal code, which provide a legitimate basis for recognizing an extremist community as a kind of criminal community.


We consider a multicommodity routing problem, where demands are released \emph{online} and have to be routed in a network during specified time windows. The objective is to minimize a time and load dependent convex cost function of the aggregate arc flow. First, we study the fractional routing variant. We present two online algorithms, called Seq and Seq$^2$. Our first main result states that, for cost functions defined by polynomial price functions with nonnegative coefficients and maximum degree~$d$, the competitive ratio of Seq and Seq$^2$ is at most $(d+1)^{d+1}$, which is tight. We also present lower bounds of $(0.265\,(d+1))^{d+1}$ for any online algorithm. In the case of a network with two nodes and parallel arcs, we prove a lower bound of $(2-\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{3})$ on the competitive ratio for Seq and Seq$^2$, even for affine linear price functions. Furthermore, we study resource augmentation, where the online algorithm has to route less demand than the offline adversary. Second, we consider unsplittable routings. For this setting, we present two online algorithms, called U-Seq and U-Seq$^2$. We prove that for polynomial price functions with nonnegative coefficients and maximum degree~$d$, the competitive ratio of U-Seq and U-Seq$^2$ is bounded by $O{1.77^d\,d^{d+1}}$. We present lower bounds of $(0.5307\,(d+1))^{d+1}$ for any online algorithm and $(d+1)^{d+1}$ for our algorithms. Third, we consider a special case of our framework: online load balancing in the $\ell_p$-norm. For the fractional and unsplittable variant of this problem, we show that our online algorithms are $p$ and $O{p}$ competitive, respectively. Such results where previously known only for scheduling jobs on restricted (un)related parallel machines.


The current global food system is unstable. Even if the food produced is enough to feed everyone in the world, many people still go hungry and cause tremendous damage to the environment. Therefore, it is very important to optimize the current food system. We have established an EESPE model to evaluate the current food system and an optimized OESPE model. Through the comparison of the two models, our OESPE model is based on optimizing the current food system in terms of fairness and sustainability, and also makes profits and efficiency maintains a high level, and has a faster implementation time. We used 16 separate indicators to measure these four aspects. We adopted the AHP and entropy method to determine the weights of indicators at all levels of the system. Rely on indicators at all levels to quantify the impact on the food system. We specifically analyzed the differences in the system before and after the optimization of the food system and the impact on various indicators, and predicted the relevant time of the system through the time prediction model. Based on the OESPE model, EESPE model, to solve the problems of developed and developing countries. Finally, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the model and summarized it.


The current world has seen a rampant use of digital devices and text messaging the most common form of communication among young adults. The debate persists that constant application of abbreviated texting has reduced the grammar and essay writing skills among the young students. However,
 the opposite observations have emphasised that the statement is not true. This article will analyse the various observations which will establish that text messages does not affect language skills in the young generations.


By use of the loop algebra , integrable coupling of C-KdV hierarchy and its bi-Hamiltonian structures are obtained by Tu scheme and the quadratic-form identity. The method can be used to produce the integrable coupling and its Hamiltonian structures to the other integrable systems.


This paper presents a universal BCH encoder and decoder that can support multiple error-correction capabilities. A novel encoding architecture and on-demand syndrome calculation technique is proposed to reduce both hardware complexity and power consumption. Based on the proposed methods, 32-parallel universal encoder and decoder are designed for BCH (8192+14t, 8192, t) codes, where the error-correction capability t is configurable to 8, 11, 16, 24, 32, and 64. The prototype chip achieves a throughput of 7.3 Gb/s and occupies 2.24 mm2 in 0.13μm CMOS technology.


To study feasibility of establishing the electric rubber-tire bus in Chiang Mai, Thailand, the electrification planning is consequently one of the key topics. At first, the backward-facing method is selected for the bus modelling. This method is a quasi-static model, thus, it is no need to deal with the differential equation of motor. The driving cycle and the road incline profile are the input parameter, hence the driving cycle is simulated by PTV vissim program. The transport network, the traffic flow, the distance between bus stops and the cross section are taken into account for simulated driving cycle. The road incline is examined by the elevation difference between two bus stops in the google earth pro. The result of the proposed model is used to study the power profile along the driving distance and the total energy consumption. The interpretation of both information results in power network design. One of the most traffic feeders of the light rail transit system is selected for a case study. As a result, the peak power is 176 kW, and the total energy consumption is 16 kWh for one outbound. The minimum requirements of electrification based on the battery bus and the trolley bus are finally discussed. All in all, this paper demonstrates a complete process of electrification planning of electric bus.


In a report to the Aotearoa New Zealand Ministry of Education entitled Curriculum Policy and Special Education Support (2004), the team of writers noted the lack of collaboration between experts in these two fields. This paper explores the apparently separate worlds of special education and curriculum policy in order to develop an understanding of where are the intersections, near misses and black holes. The experiences of the present authors, as education professionals in the two fields, are used to illustrate these gradually merging worlds. Discourses in special education are explored along with the need for new directions in curriculum developments for children with disabilities that disrupt current boundaries. The authors see possibilities in policy aims and practices; they have found (and participated in) attempts to reach out across the divides.


The prehospital approach to severly burnt patients still remains challenging for prehospital carers. The adequate approach for thermal, electrical and chemical burns, with special focus on paediatric burnt patients, still needs to be further clarified and some controversies remain. This article addresses the preclinical algorithm for burn treatment and discusses contoversial aspects. After the burning process is stopped, the prehospital carer has to deal with cooling the surface, maintaining a balanced body temperature to avoid hypothermia, identify life-threatening injuries, assess the burn size and severity, and provide adequate dressings. Furthermore, airway management in case of inhalation injury, fluid replacement and analgesia/ sedation must be approached before transportation to a specialized centre. In this article, available formulas for fluid replacement and a guide for paramedics, as well as certain criteria for direct delivery to a burn centre, are discussed. Special aspects of the pathophysio...


The aging of America will trigger sweeping changes for all Americans, not only retirees. The demographic shift will change the way we work and retire, put more demands on health care and long-term care, and swell entitlement programs, squeezing out funding for other government programs. But the shift can also provide the country with a surge of volunteers and get the most from often-undervalued older workers. Principal research associate Richard Johnson answers five questions about how retirement is changing, how workers can prepare, and how policymakers can improve retirement security.


The connotation of Taylor evaluation principle is analyzed and it is pointed out that the theoretical discussion on evaluation purposes,methods and assessment plays an important enlightment effect on education development of China and plays a significant impact on the evaluation development of primary and middle school students in China.Some concerned evaluation ideas are put forward: diversity of evaluation subject contents and methods,combination of formative assessment and summative assessment.


Summary This paper describes an investigation of the resistance spot weldability of aluminium clad steel sheet to steel or aluminium sheet as well as joining of a steel to an aluminium sheet with an aluminium clad steel sheet as an intermediate layer. The clad steel sheet was produced by hot‐rolling of steel and aluminium sheet by a direct resistance heating process. The mechanical properties of the clad steel sheet were between those of the steel and aluminium sheet, and the peel strength was satisfactorily high. The materials used in spot welding were a 0.8 mm thick EDDQ steel sheet, a 1.0 mm thick aluminium‐magnesium alloy sheet, and a 0.8 mm thick clad steel sheet which had an aluminium/steel thickness ratio of 1.1:1. Spot welding of steel sheet to the steel side of the clad steel sheet and aluminium sheet to the aluminium side of the clad steel sheet was successful. Spot welding of steel sheet to aluminium sheet using the clad steel sheet as an intermediate layer was also successful. The spot welding...


Deep neural networks have achieved state-of-theart performance in many areas, in large part due to the learning of hierarchical feature representations; however, evaluating these models can be unfeasible on resource-constrained devices. We present conditional computation methods for increasing the computation speed in these networks, by learning policies that actively select which parts of a network to activate at a given time. We present results from Bengio et al. (2015) showing how this can be implemented in a fully-connected neural network by dropping out blocks of units at a time. We then propose novel policy parameterizations for convolutional neural networks, which learn to drop out entire layers at a time. Although these policies are trained using the straightforward REINFORCE algorithm, our results indicate encouraging speedups, and we believe further investigation in this area could lead to drastic improvements.


Review(s) of: In the shadow of van Diemen's land, by Graeme Hetherington, Cornford Press, 1999; Fighting in the shade, by Peter Kocan, Hale and Iremonger, 2000; Where The Trees Were, by Stephen Edgar, Indigo, 1999.


Nanocrystalline Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC) powders are successfully prepared by an acetic–acrylic method using acrylic acid, cerium acetate and gadolinium acetate as the starting materials. The polymeric precursors are characterized by means of TG/DTA, XRD and FT-IR, and the resultant powders are characterized by XRF, BET, SEM and particle size distribution (PSD) analysis. It is shown that the morphology of the oxide particles is dependent on the preparation conditions such as molar ratio of acrylic acid to metallic ions (L/M) and the sort of surfactant. High purity, single phase, homogeneous, nanocrystalline GDC powders with slight aggregation are obtained using ethylene glycol as surfactant, L/M1⁄40.5 and heat treatment above 600 1C. The low application amount and high effect of acrylic acid is attributed to the co-operation of carboxyl group and ethylenic bond. The electrical conductivity of the sintered GDC pellet is 0.053 Scm 1 in air at 750 1C. The present work indicates that the acetic–acrylic method is a relatively green method without any NOx to synthesize high performance GDC powders. & 2013 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.


Set high on a ridge in historic parkland less than five miles from Trafalgar Square, Kenwood is London's favourite "country house". Remodelled by Robert Adam in the 18th century, in 1928 it became the home of the Iveagh Bequest, a superb collection of old master paintings donated by Edward Cecil Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh. The collection includes Rembrandt's most celebrated self-portrait, one of only five Vermeers in Britain, Gainsborough's Countess Howe, and classic works by Reynolds, Romney, Lawrence, and Turner. This book is published to mark the 75th anniversary of the opening of the Iveagh Bequest and is the first new catalogue of the collection to be produced in 50 years. It discusses each work, revealing details about the portrait subjects, the social circumstances of each commission, and the way that art met the ambitions of artists, patrons, sitters, and collectors. There are also two introductory essays that provide historical background for the house and for the collecting goals of Lord Iveagh.


This article examines the impact of steam leaks on the efficiency of the process steam system. The topics include steam losses under various operating conditions and orifice sizes, failed drip traps, the significance of small leaks, energy losses and pollutants generated by trap failure, steps to take to conserve steam and energy through repair and maintenance.


A theoretical analysis was conducted as to the research and legislation regarding the definition of the concept "foreign transaction" and the author's approach was formed to this economic category, which is a purposeful process of interaction between Ukraine's and foreign economic operators and a foreign contractor for the establishment, modification and termination of legal, economic, social, and other relations between them both in Ukraine and abroad, which causes changes in the assets and liabilities structure as well as shareholders' equity of a company. The stages of a foreign trade operation were identified to develop a detailed algorithm of a foreign trade operation for the first entry into a foreign market.


PURPOSE: A decorative fabric with adhesion is provided to prevent unraveling, creasing, and curling of a fabric of a hot melt-coated yarn and to produce high quality seamless product. CONSTITUTION: A decorative fabric has adhesion. The decorative fabric is fabricated by weaving hot melt resin(10a)-coated yarn(10) and TPU(thermoplastic polyurethane) yarn. When the hot melt resin-coated yarn warps, the TPU yarn is woven as weft. When the hot melt resin-coated yarn is a weft, the TPU yarn is woven as warp. The hot melt resin-coated yarn is coated with hot melt resin on the outside of a fiber in a thickness of 30-500 um.


In situ capping is one of the preferable remediation technologies for sediments contaminated by heavy metals because of its relatively modest cost. However, it has been used to isolate heavy metals without having detailed information available regarding the effect of consolidation and the chemical isolation caused by in situ capping. This paper presents a numerical estimation of in situ capping efficiency for mitigating heavy metals in sediments when a groundwater flow condition is included. The discharge rate of dissolved heavy metals increases during and for some time after capping installation. A multilayered capping system with a thin reactive layer was shown to provide an effective barrier to contaminant transport in this study.


Significant inflammation may overestimate liver stiffness and result in false positive diagnosis by transient elastography for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cirrhosis detection. This study tries to further improve the performance by stepwise combination with routine biomarkers.


OBJECTIVE:
We describe a novel interdisciplinary clinic for advanced Parkinson's Disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes incorporating palliative care principles to improve quality of life.
BACKGROUND:
Management of late stage PD is difficult due to poor response to dopaminergic medications, severe disability and caregiver strain. Or clinic's capacity is 3 new and 2 return patients on two half days per month at our tertiary academic center. Team comprises neurology providers, nurse coordinator, social worker, speech pathologist and physical therapist who communicate throughout the clinic to produce a unified care plan.
DESIGN:
Retrospective survey.
RESULTS:
Over 6 months we saw 22 new patients. Common reasons for referral were caregiver and family support (100[percnt]), complex symptom management (75[percnt]) and advance care planning documents (75[percnt]). Depression (78[percnt] CES-D>16), caregiver strain (11[percnt] MCSI>30) and symptom burden (median ESAS-PD=52.5) along with poor quality of life (median PDQ-39=89.5) were noted.
A survey of clients showed high levels of satisfaction. The majority felt we addressed their most troublesome symptoms (>80[percnt]), included family in health care decisions (80[percnt]), provided community resources (80[percnt]), addressed caregivers' emotional needs (>50[percnt]), discussed end-of-life care documents (75[percnt]), and provided care unavailable in our standard movement disorders clinic (75[percnt]). 90[percnt] felt the interdisciplinary structure was advantageous and would recommend the clinic to others.
6/7 referring neurologists agreed or strongly agreed that our clinic benefitted their patients and they were satisfied with the care provided. 7/7 agreed or strongly agreed they would refer more patients and they would recommend the clinic to their colleagues.
We estimate we saved providers 1.5 hours coordinating care and communication between providers and saved patients 5.35 hours, 234 miles of driving and $135.
CONCLUSIONS:
This innovative clinic delivers high levels of patient and provider satisfaction along with time and money savings. We are pursuing further outcome studies to identify medical benefits. Disclosure: Dr. Tuck has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mann has nothing to disclose. Dr. Borcich has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wilhelm has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bryans has nothing to disclose. Dr. Carter has nothing to disclose.


The generalized Marcum Q-function, Qm(a,b), is here explained geometrically as the probability of a 2m-dimensional, real, Gaussian random vector, whose mean vector has a Frobenius norm of a, lying outside a hypersphere of 2m dimensions, with radius b, and centered at the origin. Based on this new geometric interpretation, a new closed-form representation Qm(a,b) is derived for the case where m is an odd multiple of 0.5. This representation involves only the exponential and the erfc functions, and thus is easy to handle, both numerically and analytically. For the case where m is an even multiple of 0.5, Qm+0.5(a,b) and Qm-0.5(a,b), which can be evaluated using our new representation mentioned above, are shown to be tight upper and lower bounds on Qm(a,b), respectively. They are shown in most cases to be much tighter than the existing bounds in the literature, and are valid for the entire ranges of a and b concerned. Their average is also a good approximation to Q m(a,b)


A sample of 827,955 records of Ontario drivers containing information about age, gender, convictions, accidents, demerit points, and suspensions for 1981-1984 has been examined. On this basis 16 alternate models to estimate a driver's accident potential have been formulated. It appears that the currently used demerit point system, wherein the number of points associated with an offense reflects the perceived seriousness of the offense, is not a good predictor of accident potential. One can predict better by relying on the driver's record of accidents and convictions and still better by making use of a model for which the "regression weights" have been rigorously estimated. The performance of alternative models for the estimation of drivers' accident potential is described in terms of "hits" and "false alarms." It is shown, for example, that if the top 10,000 drivers are selected by the best model, 3,757 of these are expected to have an accident potential in excess of four times the population average; these are the "hits." Of the same 10,000, one should expect 792 to have an accident potential that is below the population average. These are the "false alarms." The best model uses age, gender, total accidents, and 14 conviction categories. This model identifies approximately twice as many high accident potential drivers as the current demerit point system. Even the simplest model, which uses total convictions as the only variable, predicts 50% more high accident potential drivers than the current system.


Aksakov, Sergei Timofeevich. Notes on Fishing. T rans . T h o m a s P. Hodge . Evanston, 111.: Northwestern University Press, 1997. xlii, 232 pp . Notes . Bibl iography. Illustrations. $30.00, ha rd b o u n d . Allworth, Edward A., ed. The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland, 2d ed. Studies and Documents . Durham: Duke University Press, 1998. xiv, 380 pp . Notes. Bibliography. Index. I l lustrat ions. Pho tog raphs . Figures. Tables. Maps. $59.95, ha rd bound . $19.95, paper . Begum, Anwara. Inter-Republican Cooperation of the Russian Republic. Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate Publishers, 1997. vi, 159 pp . Notes. Bibl iography. Index. Tables. Maps. $63.95, ha rd bound . Brodsky, Alexandra Fanny. Smoke Signals: From Eminence to Exile. New York: I. B. Tauris , 1997. 262 pp . Notes. Index. Pho tographs . $39.95, h a rd b o u n d . Carey, Donald E. Fighting the Bolsheviks: The Russian War Memoir of Private First Class Donald E. Carey, U.S. Army, 1918-1919. Ed. Neil G. Carey. Novato, Calif'.: Presidio Press, 1997. xv, 240 pp . Chronology . Pho tographs . Maps. $24.95, h a rd b o u n d . Cesarani, David, ed. Cenocide and Rescue: The Holocaust in Hungary 1944. Oxford: Berg, 1997. vii, 220 pp . Notes. Index . Tables. $16.50, paper . Chung, H., ed., with M. Falchikov, B. S. McDougall , and K. McPherson. In the Party Spirit: Socialist Realism and Literary Practice in the Soviet Union, East Germany, and China. Critical Studies, vol. 6. Atlanta: Rodop i , 1996. xviii, 191 pp . Append ix . Notes. Index. $15.50, pape r . Cornwell , Neil. Vladimir Odoevsky and Romantic Poets: Collected Essays. Providence , R.I.: Berghahn Books, 1998. ix, 174 pp . Notes . Bibl iography. Index. $39.95, ha rd bound . Cosic, Bora. My Family's Role in the World Revolution and Other Prose. Trans . Ann Clymer Bigelow. Wri t ings from an U n b o u n d Europe . Evanston, 111.: Nor thwestern University Press, 1997. vii, 250 p p . $16.95, paper . Fichtner, Paula Sutter. The Habsburg Empire: From Dynasticism to Multinationalism. T h e Anvil Series. Malabar, Fla.: Krieger Publ ishing, 1997. xii, 224 pp . Notes. Bibliography. Index. Maps. $16.50, pape r . Fischer, Ben B. Ohhrana: The Paris Operations of the Russian Imperial Police. Washington, D.C.: Central Intel l igence Agency, 1997. v, 122 pp . Notes. Pho tographs . Paper . Gozdecka-Sanford, Adr iana . Historical Dictionary of Warsaw. Historical Dict ionaries of Cities, no. 3. Eanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1997. xxx, 319 pp . Bibliography. Chronology. Maps. $49.50, ha rd b o u n d . Guleke, J o h a n n Heinr ich . Geschichte des livlandischen Volksschulwesens. Ed. Detlef Kiihn and Vija Daukste. Beitrage zur Schulgeschichte. Li ineburg: Inst i tut Nordostdeutsches Kulturwerk, 1997. 226 pp . Notes . Index. DM 29.80, paper . Hillier, Paul. Arvo Part. Oxford Studies of Composers . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. xiii, 219 pp . Notes . Bibl iography. Discography. Index. Musical examples. $58.00, ha rd b o u n d . $19.95, pape r .


This article investigates the drivers and the persistence of firm profits in EU food retailing thereby generating insights for the derivation of managerial strategies as well as antitrust policies in this highly dynamic sector. Using a dynamic panel model, a sample of 13,256 food retailers from five EU countries France, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the UK is analyzed over the period 2006 to 2014. Our findings indicate that profits in food retailing are more persistent than in other retail sectors presumably caused by high bargaining power towards processors and entry barriers that lead to less pronounced competition. The results also show that profits are influenced by firm- and industry-specific characteristics. While industry concentration and firm size positively influence profitability, firm age and financial risk tend to have a negative impact. Acknowledgement :


To describe the lymphatic vessel density and to determine the functional and prognostic significance of tumoral lymphatic vessels in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).


Schools run by Chinese-foreign cooperation have been defined as a public institution in present legislative situation in China.In view of the nature of the trade in educational services under WTO and the current state of co-running schools,this paper points out it is necessary to define the legal nature of co-running schools objectively,which will regulate the management behavior of co-running schools and promote the healthy and orderly education development in China.


Through the basic principle analyses of acousto optic channelized receiver, how to improve the SNR by increasing integrating time is discussed. The mathematical model of acousto optic channelized receiver is establish to get further analyses. Based on this model, a few important parameter of the receiver are discussed, which are channelized choice,out band control, dynamic and SNR. The design of the acousto optic channelized receiver is realized. At the end, the two important parameters and the optic system of the acousto optic channelized receiver which is designed by ourself in our laboratory are presented. The two important parameters are: the frequency of the acousto optic channelized receiver=50?kHz,the channelized number of the acousto optic channelized receiver= 1?000.