SpaceWire is an onboard data-handling network for spacecraft which offers high-speed, low power,simplicity,low cost,and architectural flexibility.The unit uses SpaceWire protocol to implement high speed image data transmission for space application.The FPGA can control the system to realize initialization and handling of data packets transmission,interruption and error status.The reliability design approach of FPGA was elaborated on,including the design of state machine,asynchronous clock domains,data transmission and error recovery.The unit can be used successfully in the 140Mbit/s image data transmission.For the burst error of link,the unit can recover the error data in a certain period of time,which can guarantee the validity and stability of data transmission.


The paper presents T2R3-type fully-isotropic redundantly-actuated parallel manipulators (PMs) with five degrees of freedom. The mobile platform has two independent translations (T2) and three independent rotations (R3). A method is proposed for structural synthesis of fully-isotropic redundantly-actuated T2R3-type PMs based on the theory of linear transformations. A one-to-one correspondence exists between the actuated joint velocity space and the external velocity space of the moving platform. The Jacobian matrix mapping the two vector spaces of fully-isotropic T2R3-type PMs presented in this paper is 5 times 5 identity matrix throughout the entire workspace. The condition number and the determinant of the Jacobian matrix being equal to one, the manipulator performs very well with regard to force and motion transmission capabilities. Redundant actuation is used to obtain fully-isotropic solutions. This paper presents for the first time in the literature the use of redundancy to design fully- isotropic T2R3-type PMs.


Purpose
This study aimed to address three key gaps in existing knowledge about postgraduate researchers' (PGRs) well-being. It investigated 1) the frequency and nature of depression, anxiety and well-being amongst PGRs, and relatedly, characteristics that convey vulnerability, 2) factors that impact PGR well-being, and 3) factors that influence help-seeking.

Design/methodology/approach
The mixed-methods design comprised quantitative and qualitative approaches. Using opportunity sampling, 585 PGRs registered at a large UK University completed an online survey. The perspectives of a purposive sample of academic and Professional Services staff (n = 61) involved in supporting PGRs were sought through in-depth focus groups and semi-structured interviews, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Findings
PGRs scored lower on measures of well-being and higher on measures of anxiety and depression than aged-matched groups in the general population. PGR well-being was positively affected by personal and professional relationships, and negatively affected by academic challenges and mental health problems. Academic supervisors were the primary source of support for students experiencing well-being difficulties. Thematic analysis revealed four domains that impact upon PGR well-being: postgraduate researcher identity; pressures and expectations of postgraduate research; complexity of the supervisor role; and pinch points in postgraduate research. Each domain had associations with help-seeking behaviours.

Originality/value
This study provides evidence that the PGR experience is perceived to be distinct from that of other students, and this helps understand sources of stress and barriers to help-seeking. It provides a steer as to how higher education institutions could better support the PGR learning experience.


Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been closely associated with both high blood pressure (HBP) and psychological traits, but the causal relationship between them remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to identify the causal risk factors for ED. We conducted univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using genetic variants associated with metabolic syndrome and psychology traits at the genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10−8) level obtained from corresponding genome-wide association studies. We used summary-level statistical data for ED from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) database of complete Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) summary data. We also conducted reverse causality and performed power calculations for MR. Our results showed that HBP was associated with increased odds of ED (odds ratio (OR) = 1.66 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13–2.45), a p-value for the inverse variance-weighted method (PIVW ) = 1.06 × 10−2, Power = 100%), as were myocardial infarction (OR = 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02–1.17), PIVW = 1.18 × 10−2, Power = 56%) and ischemic stroke (OR = 1.21 (95% CI, 1.02–1.43), PIVW = 2.87 × 10−2, Power = 10%). In terms of psychological traits, irritable mood (OR = 1.86 (95% CI, 1.14–3.02), PIVW = 1.30 × 10−2, Power = 96%) and neuroticism (OR = 1.36 (95% CI, 1.04–1.79), PIVW = 2.66 × 10−2, Power = 80%) were associated with increased odds of ED. Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) showed no evidence of pleiotropic bias, and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of our results. We have established a causal link between HBP and ED, and we have also found evidence suggesting a causal relationship between irritable mood and ED.


The immobilized lipase was prepared by using the glutaraldehyde to cross-link lipase and the CA modified by amino-silane coupling agent.The immobilization conditions were optimized by studied the effect of the glutaraldehyde concentration,activation time,enzyme quantity and crosslinking time.The results show that the optimal conditions are as follows;5% glutaraldehyde,activation 8 h,4 mL concentration of 1.64 mg/mL of lipase solution,at 4℃crosslink 10 h.Then the properties of the free lipase and the immobilized lipase were tested.The results show the storage stability,the adaptability for temperature and pH of the immobilized lipase excel to the free lipase.The immobilized lipase can use in more times,that can overcome the limitation of the free lipase and establish the foundation for the farther application.


By measuring the amount of acid-fume during the formation of lead-acid batteries,the influencing factors such as electrolyte,temperature and current were discussed.


Romanesque round church towers - a Skandinavian perspective: The aim of the article is to discuss the interpretation of the Romanesque round church towers seen from a Scandinavian perspective. After a research history and a geographical outlook, which passes Ireland, England and Holstein, the article focusses on the 15-19 churches with round towers in medieaval Denmark, Sweden and Norway, with the main part in Southern Schleswig and Scania; none are known from Finland. The chronology and social context, function and meaning of the church towers are discussed. The Romanesque round church towers are also discussed in relation to the 33 known Romanesque round churches in the same area. Finally a catalogue of the round church towers in Scandinavia is presented. The theses of the article is, that the building material was not decisive for the choice of the round architecture, at least not in Scandinavia. The round church towers were unfortified burial memorials and bell towers, where the architecture, as was the case for the round churches, copied central church buildings in the West. In a period, where most churches were without a tower or had square towers, the round church towers were examples of a "conspicuous symbolism". The initiative to build the round church towers must have been taken by an aristocracy, who participated or were inspired by the contemporary crusades at the Baltic Sea, and who used the towers in their mutual competition on status.Corrections in the pdf 2015. (Less)


Over the past decade, glass has become an increasingly sophisticated structural and functional component in uses as varied as flat panel displays, automobiles and architecture. For the manufacturer, this has created a drive to enhance the physical characteristics of the glass itself, to develop more advanced coatings, and also to improve the process for cutting glass in terms of higher precision, greater speed, reduced environmental impact, and lower cost.


The purpose of this study is to showcase the Battle of Dorylaeum, fought between the invading Frankish forces of the First Crusade and the defending Turkic-Syrian armies of the late eleventh-century in Anatolia, as a unique case study to explore the maladapted nature of the opposing factions' modes of warfare. While the Frankish armies naturally favoured western tactics such as heavy cavalry charges and thus developed their entire marching and fighting system to protect the knightly core of their forces, their Turkic-Syrian opponents entered the battlefield in a rapid and erratic way which had led to their dominance in oriental warfare for decades prior. Upon a survey of the tactics used by both Frankish and Turkic-Syrian, based solely on the information evident through the relevant primary sources of the Battle of Dorylaeum, a twofold proof becomes apparent. Firstly, the maladapted nature of the two forces becomes incredibly apparent, stemming from the pitting of the heavily armed Frankish forces and the nomadic way of warfare utilized by their Turkic-Syrian opponents. Secondly, Dorylaeum comes to the forefront as the battle most representative of this maladapted nature; while the First Crusade is largely composed of sieges with remarkably few field battles, Dorylaeum is the first instance of both factions wielding their respective modes of warfare in a way which decided the fate of the following years of the First Crusade.


Study within digital engineering is primarily concerned with the exploitation of mutual characteristics of software and hardware packages. Within the digital information aggregate of each package the alphabet, dictionary, and syntax models permit a basic perspective independent of restraints imposed by particular evolving packages.


If the English Reformation can be seen as an extended transaction between the laity and the clergy, then its outcome is surely well described, in Claire Cross's phrase, as the 'triumph of the laity'. While most Elizabethan Protestant divines were more than happy about the spiritual aspects of that triumph, they were altogether less enthusiastic about its impact on the standing of the clergy. Certainly the independence, status, and thus the material wealth of the clergy were subjects of concern for many Elizabethan Protestants. Presbyterians, moderate Puritans, conformists, both 'wet' and 'dry', all were much exercised by the problem of the status and financial independence of the clerical estate. But while they may have shared a common concern with the question, the different priorities and values which divided Elizabethan Protestant divines amongst themselves inevitably coloured their attitude to church property and clerical status. In particular the issue provided a central strand in the polemical exchange between Presbyterians and conformists, as each tried to label the other as the clergy's own worst enemy in its protracted, indeed interminable, negotiations with lay society for improved pay and conditions.


Background We set out to determine whether anorexia nervosa exists in a culture where the pressure to be thin is less pervasive. Aims To determine whether there were any cases of anorexia nervosa in female students attending two secondary schools in the north-east region of Ghana. Method The body mass index (BMI) of consenting students was calculated after measuring their height and weight. Those with a BMI ⩽19 kg/m2 underwent a structured clinical assessment including mental state, physical examination and completion of the Eating Attitudes Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh. Participants nominated a best friend to serve as a comparison group, and these young women underwent the same assessments. Results Of the 668 students who were screened for BMI, 10 with a BMI <175 kg/m2 appeared to have self-starvation as the only cause of their low weight. All 10 viewed their food restriction positively and in religious terms. The beliefs of these individuals included ideas of self-control and denial of hunger, without the typical anorexic concerns about weight or shape. Conclusions Morbid self-starvation may be the core feature of anorexia nervosa, with the attribution for the self-starvation behaviour varying between cultures.


Wind is a 3D vector quantity. However, it is frequently found that the vertical component is much smaller in magnitude than the horizontal ones and acts over shorter distances so that its effect is considered negligible. As a result of this, wind is often treated as a two dimensional circular variable. In fact, most of the statistical treatment used to derive the wind angular dispersion, a parameter that is very important in determining the rate of diffusion of pollutants, is based on this assumption. Nevertheless, the reduction of a dimension might not always be justified. A case in point occurs when considering air flow in a street canyon whereby all three directions of air flow can be significant. In such a situation, a 3D measure of angular dispersion would be much more appropriate. For this reason, this work concentrates on establishing consistent 3D measures of angular dispersion. Thus a detailed geometric analysis of an existing and widely used measure of 3D angular dispersion was carried out. This showed that this measure accounts for dispersion mainly along one direction. In order to improve on this, a new set of measures for angular dispersion that account for all three directions is derived using some recently proposed measures of angular dispersion. It is also shown that these new measures can be further extended to any dimension.


This chapter focuses upon cultural awareness and how individuals understand their personal views, biases, prejudices, and worldview towards others. Changing demographic trends require training and development specialists, and those in human resource development, talent acquisition, professional learning, and specifically in education, to be prepared to work with diverse populations of the local and the global community. Strategies that improve understanding, communication, and value in working with diverse populations are discussed and a theoretical overview of appropriate theories is provided.


Multi-core processors are about to conquer embedded systems — it is not the question of whether they are coming but how the architectures of the microcontrollers should look with respect to the strict requirements in the field. We present the step from one to multiple cores in this paper, establishing coherence and consistency for different types of shared memory by hardware means. Also support for point-to-point synchronization between the processor cores is realized implementing different hardware barriers. The practical examinations focus on the logical first step from single- to dual-core systems, using an FPGA-development board with two hard PowerPC processor cores. Best- and worst-case results, together with intensive benchmarking of all synchronization primitives implemented, show the expected superiority of the hardware solutions. It is also shown that dual-ported memory outperforms single-ported memory if the multiple cores use inherent parallelism by locking shared memory more intelligently using an address-sensitive method.


The present invention relates to an electronic apparatus and a control method. Said electronic apparatus comprising: a first power receiving unit to receive power from the power supply apparatus wirelessly; and a control unit for the electronic apparatus based on the mode to be used for the supply of power from the device power supply apparatus the power control data to control.


We have investigated the primary charge separation reactions in two Rhodobacter capsulatus bacterial reaction center (RC) mutants that have multiple mutations near the L-side bacteriochlorophyll (BChlL) and bacteriopheophytin (BPhL) cofactors. Both RCs contain the "beta" mutation L(M212)H that results in incorporation of a BChl molecule, denoted β, in place of the native BPhL. The mutants additionally contain one or two newly introduced aspartic acid residues. In the triple mutant F(L97)V/F(L121)D/L(M212)H, an Asp replaces Phe at L121 (near BPhL), while in the quadruple mutant F(L97)V/F(L121)D/G(M201)D/L(M212)H aspartic acid residues are introduced at L121 and at M201 (near BChlL). These mutants also incorporate a Val residue at L97 (near BPhL) that is photochemically silent but appears to increase RC protein stability. Femtosecond transient absorption studies reveal a longer P* lifetime in both the triple mutant (10 ± 2 ps) and quadruple mutant (19 ± 3 ps) compared to wild-type (4.3 ± 0.3 ps). In the qua...


The starting point of this research is the assumption that infrastructural development in Serbia could be the key to economic growth. The aim of this research is to present an overview of the level of development in rural Serbia with a focus on infrastructure. The research compares twelve rural Serbian districts on the basis of data about the three categories economic performance, infrastructure development and social capital. Outcomes of the research are an analysis of the relations between the three categories and a comparison of the Serbian districts. The two main findings of this research are that the positive influence of infrastructure on economic development is not convincingly proven for Serbia and that the relation between economic development and social capital (measured by election data) turns out to be negative instead of positive.


An interior permanent magnet rotor includes a cylindrical rotor core having an axial hole extending in an axial direction, and a resin magnet that is formed to fill the axial hole by injection molding and that has a pair of axial end faces. The resin magnet includes a linear portion that has a linear shape in section perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotor core. The linear portion has a first end and a second end located closer to an outer periphery of the rotor core than the first end is. A gate mark is located on the second end of the linear portion on at least one of the axial end faces of the resin magnet.


This report summarizes the results of qualification testing of the B Plant D-Filter Detector System. The purpose of this test was to verify that the system meets the performance requirements and that the unit is ready for field deployment. Testing was performed in the test pit in the 306E Facility. This detector system will be deployed in the B Plant D-Filter to measure beta/gamma dose rates from the filter bank.


In this paper we have investigated thermoelectric effect in the epitaxial graphene on a semiconductor substrate using a simple model. We have obtained the expressions for static conductance and thermopower of the epitaxial graphene. The thermopower of the epitaxial graphene can be abnormally large near the edges of the semiconductor band gap.


South Africa, as a developing and emerging economy, needs to participate in innovative, creative and entrepreneurial activities. In this context, it is necessary to study the effects of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange on innovative behaviour in South African organizations. This empirical study was conducted within a quantitative positivist paradigm. A cross sectional design method was applied. A total of 1919 participants completed the self-administered surveys. A total of 31 organizations participated, with 73% of the respondents from the private sector, 18% from the public sector and 9% from state-owned entities. Both perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange were found to have a statistically significant effect on innovative behaviour in both the private and public sectors. Only leader-member exchange indicated a positive effect on innovativeness for state-owned entities. Furthermore, leader-member exchange was found to have a mediatory effect on the relationship between perceived organizational support and innovative behaviour, irrespective of the sector. The findings highlight the importance of the quality of leader-member exchange in improving both employee innovative behaviours as well as strengthening and reinforcing employees' perception of organizational support.


Oral rehydration is an ideal form of treatment of gastroenteritis in India both in large hsopitals and in rural health centers where adequate facilities and trained personnel are lacking. This paper concerns a study of oral rehydration in 30 patients (aged 17 days to 5 years) admitted to the Children's Ward (of Goa Medical College between April to August 1972) for gastroenteritis and 210 children who were treated in the Outpatients' Dept. (Ta 1). Tables 2 and 3 show the complaints on admission and clinical signs of the disorder. Fluid replacement was divided into 2 phases. Intravenous fluid thera was administered to all children admitted in shock. Rehydration was started in all cases without shock and was maintained with orally administered glucose electrolyte solution. 12 patients had severe dehydration, 9 moderate and 9 mild. Table 5 details the control of diarrhea while Table 6 details the amount oral fluids given to different age groups and to patients with varying degrees of dehydration. 2 patients (3- and 5- month old females) developed paralytic ileus that led to their deaths. Paralytic ileus is a grave complication with a high mortality rate. It can be prevented by early and adequate administration of potassium. It is possible that some of the 210 outpatients in this study had transient diarrhea, cured themselves of it or took electrolytes which prevented complications from developing. The practice of dispensing "salts" to outpatient appear promising and should be encouraged.


Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)canprovide truly non-invasive measurements ofinternalflowfiel ds. Theextraction of velocity fromspin-tagging images requires thequantitative tracking ofgridnodes. A weighted least-squares optical flowmethod was usedinthis worktoestimate thedisplacements ofthegrid nodes and tagsfromsynthetic andrealspin-tagging MRI images. To investigate theaccuracy oftheproposed method, synthetic spin- tagging images weregenerated using thePoiseuille lawanalytical profile. Three synthetic sequences with different levels ofnoise were generated andtheaverage andmaximumabsolute errors were estimatedfor points corresponding togrid nodes andtags. Diferent sizes andshapes ofregion ofinterest (ROI) wereinvestigated to determine theoptimal sizeandshape forreliable extraction of velocity both forsynthetic andreal spin-tagging MRIimages. The optimal ROIsize wasfoundtobe13x13 pixels2. Theaverage and maximumabsolute error forthevelocity invertical direction for synthetic datausing theoptimal ROIsizerangedfrom 5.46%to 14.42% andfrom 6.39%to31.96% respectively.


The main stages of the poster form"s evolution as a means of graphic communication are considered in the interconnection of art and technology factors. The author carries out a comparative analysis of a poster and a banner, which is a new means of advertising and communication in the Internet. Innovative advertising and future evolution of the poster form are analysed.


Well before the election schedule of India's 17th Lok Sabha to be held ahead of mid 2019 we can not pass any judgement but its coalitional history with varied trends right from the year 1977 and thereafter showed that it is not the cultural homogeneity which is a requisite for political stability and integration, the chances of stable democracy are enhanced to the extent that the group has a number of cross-cutting, politically relevant affiliations. It involves : 1. application of power, in the sense of joint use of resources to determine outcomes'; 2.  a 'mixed motive situation' means the existence of both conflict and cooperation; and 3.  this is a collective activity, which involves interaction of more than two units. In Indian context it can be safely argued that coalition politics has come to settle at the Indian federal level and that it cannot be viewed as a sudden and unexpected development but on a deeper analysis, it is reflective of a societal metamorphosis: wherein day by day larger number of hitherto latent groups of Indian society are getting mobilised and politicised. Evaluation of coalition politics in India will definitely help many alike countries to set coalitional patterns in the present and the future as well.


Percussion fluid-driven, which comprises: - an outer sleeve (2), - an inside of the outer sleeve (2) built-in nozzle member (9) having a plurality of outlet holes; - an inside of the outer sleeve (2) attached to the cylinder (10) having an internal cavity; - an upper lid (8) for fluid discharge with a plurality of holes for discharging fluid; - a piston (11) which is located inside the inner cavity of the cylinder (10) and which divides the inner cavity of the cylinder (10) into an upper cavity (15) and a lower cavity (16); - a connected to the piston (11) piston rod (12); - a lower cylinder cover (13) with a hole in the middle; - a hammer (14) which is connected with the piston rod (12); - a mechanism (200) for transmitting power; in which the cylinder (10) in its outer wall with a lateral channel (17) ...


To study the biochemical derangements that occur in sepsis and see their impact on mortality a study was conducted in the Neonatology Section of SKIMS Soura. Out of 100 cases admitted with suspected sepsis 25 were detected to be culture positive. Metabolic acidosis was seen in 44% of cases with a mortality rate of 81.8%. Hypokalemia was seen with a 44% incidence and a 36.3% mortality rate. Hyponatremia was seen in 28% of cases with a mortality rate of 43%. Hypocalcemia was seen in 32% of cases with a 37.5% mortality rate while hypoglycemia had a 20% incidence with a 60% mortality rate. Metabolic acidosis was seen to have a significant impact on mortality in neonatal sepsis while the rest of the electrolyte abnormalities were not found to be of much statistical significance. (authors modified)


The performance of two sets of constraints for a robust adaptive beamformer in the multi-path environment is studied. By constraining the magnitude or real component of the array responses of the coherent signals to be greater than unity, the desired signal cancellation is avoided. It is shown that although in the single-path environment the two methods have almost the same performance, for the multi-path case, the method imposing extra constraint on the imaginary part of the array response has a better performance.


The Middle Miocene House Mountain shield volcano is located on the northern margin of the Arizona Transition Zone, about 7 km SW of Sedona, AZ. Deep erosion has exposed internal structural and stratigraphic relationships of the volcano. Mapping documents two igneous suites: (1) alkali basalt to trachyte and alkali-feldspar syenite, and (2) olivine melanephelinite, nepheline monzodiorite, nepheline monzosyenite and nepheline syenite. The rocks of the first suite occur as dikes and flows, which, with a thick pyroclastic section, are the principal units of the volcano. The melanephelinite is nonvesicular and intruded as a large irregular dike and several smaller dikes. The nepheline-bearing syenitic rocks, which are phaneritic with nepheline and clinopyroxene crystals up to 1 cm in diameter, occur as pods and sheets within the melanephelinite. Also within the melanephelinite are wispy leucocratic segregations, syenitic fracture-fillings, and ocelli. The largest phaneritic sheet is [approx]18 m thick; it displays crude subhorizontal compositional banding and vuggy surfaces. The latter indicate that the magmas were fluid-rich. Compositions intermediate between the melanephelinite and syenitic rocks have not been found. Although the syenitic rocks are coarse-grained, mapping indicates the they are near the summit of the volcano and were probably emplaced at a depth ofmore » less than 1 km, possibly of only a few hundred meters. The field relationships of the phaneritic rocks can be explained by ascent and coalescence of immiscible syenitic liquids within the melanephelinite dike. Calculated density contrasts between melanephelinite and syenitic liquids exceed 0.2 g/cm[sup 3].« less


Most state-of-the-art radar processors are based on sequential, one-dimensional signal processing stages. In this paper we investigate the suitability of modern multidimensional spectral analysis methods for the estimation of radar target parameters. A short survey of both classical and more advanced high- and superresolution multidimensional spectrum estimation techniques like 2D-AR, 2D-Capon, and 2D-MUSIC is given. The performance of these techniques is evaluated by systematic benchmarks, including sensitivity towards noise, spectral resolution, high signal dynamics, and multi-tone capacity. The benchmark results are assessed with regard to joint spatial and temporal radar parameter estimation.


The article discusses a collaborative project undertaken in Saskatoon by Community Engagement and Outreach office at the University of Saskatchewan in partnership with undergraduate student mothers with lived experience of poverty. The results of the project were presented as an animated graphic narrative that seeks to make space for an under-represented student subpopulation, tracing strategies of survival among university, inner city and home worlds. The innovative animation format is intended to share with all citizens how community supports can be used to claim fairer health and education outcomes within system forces at play in society. This article discusses the project process, including the background stories of the students. The entire project, based at the University of Saskatchewan, Community Engagement and Outreach office at Station 20 West, in Saskatoon's inner city, explores complex intersections of racialization, poverty and gender for the purpose of cultivating empathy and deeper understanding within the university to better support inner city students. amplifying community voices and emphasizing the social determinants of health in Saskatoon through animated stories.


Kinetic and thermodynamic data for reaction (1) of certain C-centered aromatic radicals (referred to in this paper by the numbers I to X) in chlorobenzene:

have been obtained. The k1 values of radicals varied between (1.1 ± 0.2) × 106M−1·sec−1 (radical VIII) and (3.6 ± 0.7) × 109M−1 sec−1 (radical VI) at 20°C. An investigation of the relationship between the recombination rates of radicals I–VIII and X and the solvent viscosity (mixture of toluene and dibutylphthalate, 0.6 10 cP and are activation reactions in solvents having a viscosity η < 10 cP. The recombination of radicals VIII and IX is an activation reaction, while that of radicals V–VII is diffusion-controlled in the entire viscosity range. The recombination of radical X is limited, in the viscosity range of 18.4 to 2 cP, by intrusion into the first coordination sphere of the partner, the effect of viscosity on the radical X recombination rate in the specified range being the same as its effect on diffusion-controlled reactions. The possible reasons of the discrepancies between the experimental fast recombination rate constants and the theoretical values calculated by the Debye–Smoluchowski theory are discussed. The equilibrium constant depends strongly on the nature of the substituent in the phenyl fragment: the substituents which increase unpaired electron delocalization in the radical intensify the dissociation of the respective dimer. Long-wave absorption bands have been recorded for radicals I–X and their extinction coefficients obtained. Dimers I–V are thermo- and photochromic compounds.


Blockchain based distributed ledger mechanism has got a wide range of applications in this era. The degree of security measurement is always a bottleneck. Since there are technologies to break it. Data sharing through cloud for smart cities, collaborative actions, remote activities based on the data at the source, etc., need to be secure and free from masquerading and tampering. In most of the cases the data is pushed into the cloud from access points, sensors, or remote access centers. Preventing the data access and identifying anonymous access to these sensors require an enhanced security mechanism that prevents the inconsistent data to be transferred to the cloud. We propose a blockchain based enhanced security system that protects the data from the access point it leaves for the cloud using a distributed ledger. The consensus mechanism ensures the trust of existing sources during the data transfer from the source to the cloud. The trust generated by the subsequent data blocks with the security hash key ensure the integrity of the data and validity of the actual source. This prevent the illegal access to the data sharing points. We have verified the degree of security offered by our proposed model using informal analysis. We found that our method has improved the security of data access.


Snef 960 which have efficiency to induce anti-atrazine in soybean was screened from laboratory save strains.Cultivation medium of snef960 was researched by orthogonal experiment.The result showed that the optimal C/N ratio was composed of 4% glucose,0.6% NH4NO3,the optimal inorganic salts ratio was composed of 0.04% KCl,0.15% K2HPO4,0.04% MgSO4·7H2O,0.001% FeSO4.The culture conditions were screened with mono-factor test,and the most suitable technical parameters were summed up as follows: pH8 before sterilized,fementation time 9 d,agitation 180 r·min-1,volume 70/100mL,inoculated volume 10%.


The paper deals with the inverse heat conduction (IHC) problem. The usage of artificial intelligence (AI) methods is presented. The artificial neural networks (ANN) and the genetic algorithm (GA) are presented as members of the AI methods group. The above mentioned methods are compared with the classic Beck's method using real data, measured on a metal plate cooled by a twin fluid nozzle. The main criteria for comparing the methods are the numerical precision of results, computational requirements and stability. Strengths and weaknesses of each approach are discussed.


Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are group of enzymes that catalyze the production of nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is a short-living molecule having a half-life of few seconds and capable of diffusing across membranes and reacting with a variety of targets. Nitric oxide synthase is involved in production of NO and L-Citruline from L-Arginine. Mammalian and avian systems have three well-characterized isoforms of NOS, two constitutive forms viz. neuronal NOS (nNOS, also called as NOS-1), endothelial NOS International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 01 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


The possibility of a relationship between early parental loss and mental illness, suicide, or delinquency in later life is a well-known, although by no means universally accepted, theory. In this investigation, we have attempted to compare patients with carefully matched controls and to investigate, when possible, the various categories of depression separately. Also, as we felt that a study concerned with childhood deprivation based solely on the physical absence of parents would tell us little of the daily emotional experiences of the child, we have attempted to take into account the quality of the family relationships present in childhood.


THE Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in the nineteenth century drew most of its converts not from its native America but from Europe.' Between I840 and I887 it brought 85,220 European converts to the Mormon settlements in the West.2 According to Katharine Coman, this represented "the most successful example of regulated immigration in United States history."3 About half the European Mormon emigrants (43,356) were from the British Isles.4 It is highly probable that many of these shared the sentiments attributed to a woman member of the pioneer party at first sight of the Great Salt Lake Valley: "Weak and weary as I am, I would rather go a thousand miles farther than remain in such a forsaken place as this."5 However, most of the British Mormons truly felt that they had left Babylon behind and that in the mountain fold they had found Zion. According to Sir Richard Burton, numbers of the British immigrants crossed the plains unaware that they were in the United States, and many of the Welsh during the journey discarded "their blankets and warm clothing, from a conviction that a gay summer reigns throughout the year in Zion."6 Some converts from the metropolitan centers of the British Isles knew little of the western part of America. They had heard that it would be necessary to beat off the Indians and had therefore hurriedly purchased the first firearms they saw. The result was frequently unfortunate, and accidents were not uncommon.7 When one immigrant train emerged from the mountains and saw before them the valley of the Great Salt Lake, Burton observed that all were in


The invention relates to a battery module (12) having a plurality of battery cells (21), wherein an electrical pole (24, 26) of the battery module (12) by means of a screw (28) with a cable (16, 18) is connectable, by means of which the battery module (12) can be electrically connected to at least one other battery module. The battery module (12) comprises an electrical pole (24, 26) electrically insulating housing (36) is provided through which a contact protection for the screw (28) and for the electric pole (24, 26). Here, a lid member (40) made of an electrically insulating material is fixed to a base body (38) of the housing (36) having a passage opening (42) for a screwing tool. Furthermore, the invention relates to a battery having at least two battery modules (12).


23 School reform, both for public schools and universities, has been a leading agenda item in education during the past decade. Several models of reform have emerged, but none has gained as much attention or direct application in teacher education as the Professional Development School (PDS) model put forth by the Holmes Group. The PDS is defined as a school "for the development of novice professionals, for continuing development of experienced professionals and for the research and development of the teaching profession."1 This model seems to be the most promising because of the emphasis on school/university partnerships, focusing on the link between theory and practice. The PDS partnership model is now a part of many university programs in the United States and appears to have had a positive impact on school reform and teacher education.2 Partnership efforts are not new and have appeared in cycles with recurring ideas and practices that have often been construed as being "more of the same." For example, The Committee of Ten, appointed by the National Education Association in 1892, issued a report from the Committee on Secondary Studies, which examined the purpose of secondary schools and how the university could contribute to curricular development and advocated partnerships between universities and public schools. Later, John Dewey was instrumental in the development of laboratory schools, reflecting his vision for an environment of educational research and teacher education.3 Laboratory schools initially flourished in the 1940s and 1950s but are now virtually gone due to budget cuts and changing educational philosophies. Other partnership efforts included portal schools, triad arrangements, and centers. However, the underlying differMusic Teacher Education and the Professional Development School


1. Persistent cultural, religious and social norms and gendered stereotypes that subordinate and subjugate women. These norms and stereotypes often are deeplyrooted in the myths and identities of communities and cultures, and are fused into patriarchal structures and institutions, which means they take time to change. With the advent of the online sphere, these norms and stereotypes have been exponentially amplified and spread, meaning they are even more difficult to combat. These norms and stereotypes must be challenged and global social movements , including online movements, have played a leading role in this regard.


Solid state enzymatic hydrolysis (SSEH) has many advantages, such as higher sugar concentration, lower operating costs, and less energy input. It should be a potential approach for the industrial application of lignocellulosic ethanol. The purpose of this work is to review the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass from low to high solids loading and introduce its both challenges and perspectives. The limitations of SSEH, including inhibition effects, water constraint, and rheology characteristic, are summarized firstly. Various strategies for overcoming these limitations are proposed correspondingly. Fed batch process and its feeding strategy to improve the SSEH efficiency are then discussed. Finally, several intensification methods, hydrolysis reactor, and pilot‐ and demonstration‐scale operations of SSEH are described. In‐depth analysis of main limitations and development of novel intensification methods and reactors should provide an effective way to achieve large‐scale implementation of SSEH.


In recent years,the operational environment of travel agency industry in Japan has experienced a big change,which is shown in terms of tourists' sensitivity to travel price,strong demand for differentiated products of tourism and enhanced capability for direct selling of accommodation industry and tourist transportation industry as a result of tourism e-commerce development.Japanese government implemented tourism-based country strategy in 2003,trying to achieve the strategic goal of attracting 10 million inbound tourists to Japan in 2010,and higher requirements were proposed for Japanese travel agency industry.In order to adapt to the new environment and promote the realization of the goal of tourism-based country strategy,Japanese government brought into effect the new Travel Agency Industry Law on April 1,2005.The New Law has been amended a lot in terms of travel agency industry classification standard,schedule management system and operational security deposit system,which will boost the healthy development of travel agency industry in Japan.


Cooperative driving system techniques aim to minimize accidents, traffic congestion and consequently the environmental costs of road traffic. An accurate vehicle's pose is of extreme importance for the inner working of the traffic management systems. An agent based traffic simulator was developed integrating typical automotive sensors, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, vehicle's agent and infrastructure agent. In this paper, we propose to further enhance a multi-sensor localization algorithm in environments where V2V and V2I communication is possible. This paper describes an inter-vehicle sensor fusion for an accurate vehicle positioning, where each vehicle is modeled by an agent, and each agent provides information depending on its vehicle sensors. In the first fusion stage, data from four wheel encoders and one steering encoder are fused by means of an EKF, providing robust odometric information, namely in face of undesirable effects of wheels slippage. Next, a second fusion stage is processed for integrating odometric and inter-vehicle absolute positioning data.


Abstract: Inflation targeting is currently the policy of choice for central banks. This policy invariably targets consumer price inflation, which is only one of many available price level indices (such as prices of new investments and house prices). As there is no stable relationship between these price levels, and as differences in developments between the different price levels might induce destabilizing behavior, there is no reason why "low and stable" consumer price inflation should guarantee monetary and financial stability. Following John Maynard Keynes, a "low and stable" increase of average nominal wages might do a better job. As price levels are designed to estimate the purchasing power of spending power and as income, and spending power are used to not just consume or invest but also to pay down many kinds of (gross) debt, it is advisable to use a joint definition of monetary and financial stability, which combines stable purchasing power of monetary income with a stable ability of households and companies to pay off debts.


The authors argue that English language learner (ELL) language assessment policy and poor language tests partly account for ELLs' disproportionate representation in special education. Previous research indicates that many states routinely assess ELLs' first language (L1) at initial enrollment and that ELLs identified as limited in both languages have relatively high rates of identification in special education. Two common tests, the Language Assessment Scales-Oral (LAS—O) Español and the Idea Proficiency Test I–Oral (IPT) Spanish, are shown to identify 74% and 90%, respectively, Spanish-background ELLs (N = 145) as limited L1 students, whereas a natural language measure found only 2% of participants to have unexpectedly high morphological error rates. Correlations are provided. The authors recommend changes in language testing policies and practices for ELLs.


Abstract Despite the theological controversy surrounding 'Russian sophiology' amongst Orthodox theologians, John Milbank has claimed that it has proven to be one of the most daring theological breakthroughs within twentieth-century theology. He further considers it to be a fecund avenue of theological and philosophical reflection that has the potential to effectively communicate his central theological arguments in a new idiom. However, many of the positions which Milbank adopts within his sophiology prove to be controversial. This article offers a critical appraisal of Milbank's sophiology, drawing particular attention to several theological aporias it appears to generate and leave unresolved.


Some ecological processes are affected by the transportation infrastructure development. The barrier effect caused by roads, which alters the movement patterns of terrestrial wildlife and increases its road kill risk, is just an example. Road kills must be considered both from environmental and highway safety perspectives, and are related to road permeability and to the surrounding environment. This paper compares the landscape fragmentation caused by two freeways in Navarra (north of Spain) by analyzing both their landscape surroundings and the potential road permeability, and comparing them to road kill rates of medium-sized terrestrial wildlife. As a result, some road design recommendations have been drawn up.


Geometrical constrains and intrinsic chirality in nematic mesophases enable formation of stable and metastable complex defect structures. Recently selected knotted and linked disclinations have been formed using laser manipulation of nematic braids entangling colloidal particles in nematic colloids [Tkalec et al., Science 2011; Copar et al., PNAS 2015]. In unwinded chiral nematic phases stable and metastable toron and hopfion defects have been implemented by laser tweezers [Smalyukh et al., Nature Materials 2010; Chen et al., PRL2013] and in chiral nematic colloids particles dressed by solitonic deformations [Porenta et al., Sci. Rep. 2014]. Modelling studies based on the numerical minimisation of the phenomenological free energy, supported with the adapted topological theory [Copar and Zumer, PRL 2011; Copar, Phys. Rep. 2014] allow describing the observed nematic defect structures and also predicting numerous structures in confined blue phases [Fukuda and Zumer, Nature Comms 2011 and PRL 2011] and stable knotted disclinations in cholesteric droplets with homeotropic boundary [Sec et al., Nature Comms 2014]. Coupling the modeling with finite difference time domain light field computation enables understanding of light propagation and light induced restructuring in these mesophases. The method was recently demonstrated for the description of low intensity light beam changes during the propagation along disclination lines [Brasselet et al., PRL 2009; Cancula et al., PRE 2014]. Allowing also high intensity light an order restructuring is induced [Porenta et al., Soft Matter 2012; Cancula et al., 2015]. These approaches help to uncover the potential of topological structures for beyond-display optical and photonic applications.


This chapter summarizes the findings of a major interdisciplinary research effort by scientists in 25 countries. The study examined the potential biophysical responses of major food crops to changing atmospheric composition and climate, and projected potential socio-economic consequences. In a first step, crop models were used to estimate how changing climatic conditions may alter yields of major crops at a number of sites representing both major production areas and vulnerable regions at low, mid, and high latitudes. Then socio-economic impacts were assessed for the period 1990 up to the Year 2060 with a dynamic recursive model of the world food system. The results of the assessment suggest that a doubling of the atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentration will have little effect on global food production levels. Globally, impacts on crop production will be small compared to the required production increases between now and the middle of the next century. But, under all simulated scenarios possible negative impacts were mostly observed in low latitudes thus tending to increase the disparity between developed and developing countries.


A revised behavioural prediction model integrating components of several psychosocial theories was used to predict men who have sex with mens' (MSM) (N = 139) intentions to always use condoms with their regular partner for anal, oral and vaginal sex. The behavioural model successfully predicted MSMs' condom use intentions for all three behaviours (R = 0.70, R = 0.75 and R = 0.78 for vaginal, anal and oral sex, respectively). Consistent with expectations, the relative importance of the underlying theoretical determinants differed for the three behaviours in question. For condom use for vaginal sex, the partner norm (beta = 0.54) and the mean of the weighted control beliefs (beta = 0.28) were most important. For condom use for anal sex, the partner norm (beta = 0.50), attitude (beta = 0.28) and perceived behavioural control (beta = 0.17) were most important. With respect to oral sex, attitude (beta = 0.51) and partner norm (beta = 0.38) were most important in independently influencing MSMs' intentions to always use condoms.


Graphical Abstract Section Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 832 SYNTHESIS OF BIS(INDOLYL)METHANES USING A CATALYTIC AMOUNT OF ZnO UNDER SOLVENT‐FREE CONDITIONS Mona Hosseini‐Sarvari Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 841 A CONVENIENT ONE‐POT PREPARATION OF STABLE EQUIVALENTS OF CYCLOBUTANE‐1,2‐DIONE AND CYCLOBUTANETRIONE Geoffrey Deguest, Laurent Bischoff, Corinne Fruit, and Francis Marsais Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Fine et Hétérocyclique, CNRS‐UMR 6014, Mont‐Saint‐Aignan Cedex, France Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 848 STUDIES OF THE SYNTHESIS OF DIETHYL CYCLOPROPYLPHOSPHONATE AND ITS THIO AND SELENO ANALOGS Yossi Zafrani, Ravit Chen, Nissan Ashkenazi, and Yoffi Segall Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness‐Ziona, Israel Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 858 NEW MILD AND EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDOSULFONAMIDES Giovanni Papandrea and Fabio Ponticelli Department of Chemistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 866 MICROWAVE‐PROMOTED ACID‐CATALYZED REARRANGEMENT OF MORPHINANS—A HIGH‐YIELD SYNTHESIS OF R(−)‐APOMORPHINE C. Csutorás,1 S. Berényi,2 and J. L. Neumeyer3 1Department of Chemistry, Eszterházy Károly College, Eger, Hungary 2Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary 3McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 873 SYNTHESIS OF 1‐(2,6‐DIMETHYLPHENYL)‐N‐HYDROXY‐4,4‐DIALKYL‐2,5‐DIOXO‐N‐ARYL‐3‐PYRROLIDINE‐CARBOXAMIDES FROM REACTION OF 2,6‐DIMETHYLPHENYL ISOCYANIDE, ALKYLIDENE MELDRUM'S ACIDS, AND ARYLHYDROXYLAMINES Azizollah Habibi,1 Leyla Mousavifar,1,2 Mohammad R. Yazdanbakhsh,2 and Issa Yavari3 1Faculty of Chemistry, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran 2Chemistry Department, Guilan University, Rasht, Guilan, Iran 3Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 881 REACTION OF N‐NONAFLYL AND N‐CYANO‐BENZOTRIAZOLES WITH ENAMINES Moritz Uhde, Muhammad Usman Anwar, and Thomas Ziegler Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 889 EFFICIENT ROUTE TO MEDIUM‐RING BENZO‐ AND AZABENZO‐LACTONES Estelle Metay, Eric Léonel, and Jean‐Yves Nédélec Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris‐Est, Equipe Electrochimie et Synthèse Organique, Thiais, France Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 905 FACILE SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO SELECTIVELY PROTECTED SPERMIDINE HOMOLOGUES Ryszard Andruszkiewicz, Ewa Gronek, and Jolanta Hałuszczak Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 914 SYNTHESIS OF 2,3‐DIHYDRO‐4H‐FURO[3,2‐c]CHROMEN‐4‐ONES AND 2,3‐DIHYDRONAPHTHO[2,3‐b]FURAN‐4,9‐DIONES BY THE RADICAL CYCLIZATIONS OF HYDROXYENONES WITH ELECTRON-RICH ALKENES USING MANGANESE(III) ACETATE Mehmet Yılmaz,1 Mehtap Yakut,2 and A. Tarık Pekel3 1Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey 2Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 928 CHEMOSELECTIVE ESTERIFICATION OF PHENOLIC ACIDS IN THE PRESENCE OF SODIUM BICARBONATE IN IONIC LIQUIDS Ambika, Pradeep Pratap Singh, and S. M. S. Chauhan Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. Chemoselective esterification of phenolic acids with dialkylsulphates or alkyl halides in the presence of sodium bicarbonate in 1,3‐dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids is reported in 78–94% yields. Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 937 MICROWAVE‐MEDIATED FACILE SYNTHESIS OF STEROID‐LIKE 1,5‐DIKETONES FROM MANNICH SALTS H. Surya Prakash Rao, E. Poonguzhali, and S. P. Senthilkumar Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 943 NOVEL REGIOSPECIFIC METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF 2‐(3,5‐DIARYL‐4,5‐DIHYDRO‐1H‐PYRAZOL‐1‐YL)‐4,6‐DIARYLPYRIMIDINES Ranjeet Bairwa and Mariam S. Degani Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai University, Matunga, Mumbai, India A regiospecific method for synthesis 2‐(3,5‐diaryl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐4,6‐diarylpyrimidines from α,β‐unsaturated aromatic ketones and aminoguanidine bicarbonate is described. Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 953 NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 3‐SUBSTITUTED‐2‐THIOHYDANTOINS VIA AZA‐WITTING REACTION ON POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) Fengying Xiang, Shoubo Zhang, Cuifen Lu, Zuxing Chen, and Guichun Yang Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applicaton of Organic Functional Molecules, Wuhan, China Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 961 SYNTHESIS OF 1,1‐DIACETATES USING A NEW COMBINED CATALYTIC SYSTEM: COPPER p‐TOLUENESULFONATE/HOAc Min Wang,1 Zhiguo Song,2 Hong Gong,3 and Heng Jiang3 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China 2Center for Science and Technology Experiment, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China 3Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning, China Copper p‐toluenesulfonate acetic acid has been established as an efficient combined catalytic system for chemoselective conversion of aldehydes to diacetates in high yields at ambient temperature in short reaction times. For the catalytic system, the amount of copper p‐toluenesulfonate reduced to 0.3 mol%. After the reaction, copper p‐toluenesulfonate can be easily recovered and reused for at least 10 runs. Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 967 NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF DIHYDROTHIAZOLES FROM THE SELENIUM‐INDUCED CYCLIZATION OF ALLYL THIOUREAS Hao Qian1 and Yanhong Lian2 1Department of Chemistry, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China 2Department of Anaesthesia, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China The reaction of allylic thioureas with phenylselenenyl chloride affords 2‐amino dihydrothiazoles in excellent yields by selenium‐induced cyclization of allylic thioureas. Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 973 SYNTHESIS OF 2‐(5‐SUBSTITUTED‐1,3,4‐THIADIAZOLO‐2‐YLIMINO)‐4‐THIAZOLIDINONES UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION Xi-Cun Wang, Guo-Li Huang, Zheng-Jun Quan, Cheng-Wei Lv, and Wen-Long Yang Gansu Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China A series of 2‐(5‐substituted‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolo‐2‐ylimino)‐4‐thiazolidinones were efficiently synthesized from the reaction of ammonium thiocyanate with 2‐chloro‐N‐(5‐substituted‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolo‐2‐yl)acetamides under microwave irradiation. Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 983 NOVEL SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF N‐SUBSTITUTED‐CALIX[4]AZACROWN DERIVATIVES Zhi‐Qiang Shi, Ya‐Qing Feng, Na Song, and He‐Wen Wang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 991 SYNTHESIS OF METHYL 2‐METHYLAZULENE‐3‐CARBOXYLATE IN THE PRESENCE OF MOLECULAR SIEVES AND REACTION WITH N‐BROMOSUCCINIMIDE Dao‐Lin Wang,1 Jiao Xu,1 Zheng Gu,1 Shan Han1, and Kimiaki Imafuku2 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Apple Chemistry, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China 2Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, Japan The preparation of methyl 2‐methylazulene‐1‐carboxylate (1) was carried out in the presence of molecular sieves, in order to obtain a good yield. The product was subjected by bromination under different reaction conditions, to obtain methyl 1‐bromo‐2‐ methylazulene‐1‐carboxylate (2) and methyl 1‐bromo‐2‐(bromomethyl) azulene‐1‐carboxylate (3) in high selective bromination.


A three-year study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using riparian buffer systems to assimilate
nitrogen (N) from swine lagoon effluent. Replicated 30 ×4 m plots were established at the interface of a pasture and
riparian forest. Wastewater from the third lagoon of the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station main
swine research unit was applied to each plot by overland flow from tanks at the top end of each plot. The wastewater,
which contained an average N concentration of 160 mg L–1 N, primarily as ammonium (NH4-N), was applied to the plots
at two different rates (either once per week [1 ×, 1285 L/plot] or twice per week [2 ×, 2570 L/plot]). Three different
vegetative buffer treatments were evaluated: (1) 10 m grass buffer draining into 20 m existing riparian zone vegetation;
(2) 20 m grass buffer draining into 10 m existing riparian zone vegetation; and (3) 10 m grass buffer draining into 20 m
maidencane (Panicum hematomon). The effects of the wastewater on surface runoff and groundwater quality were
evaluated by transects of surface runoff collectors, suction lysimeters, and shallow groundwater wells which extended
from the top to the bottom of each plot. Data analyses showed differences due to wastewater application rate and distance
downslope from the wastewater application pipe. Nitrogen concentrations increased over time at the top ends of the plots
but showed little increase at the bottom ends of the plots. Overall, all three vegetative treatments were successful in
assimilating N from the wastewater. The study showed that riparian buffer systems, where wastewater is applied by
overland flow, can be effective in assimilating N contained within lagooned animal wastes.


We prove that the set of concordance classes of sections of an infinity-sheaf on a manifold is representable, extending a theorem of Madsen and Weiss. This is reminiscent of an h-principle in which the role of isotopy is played by concordance. As an application, we offer an answer to the question: what does the classifying space of a Segal space classify?


Objective To explore the clinical value of integrated backscatter in assessment of myocardial viability in total apical views.Methods Integrated backscatter parameters of 16 segments in left ventricles of twenty-two patients with coronary artery disease(group CAD) and 18 patients with normal quantitative coronary angiography(group CON) were measured,magnitude of CVIB,CVIB% and AII% were compared between the segments of abnormal wall motion in group CAD and the segments in group CON.In group CAD:WMSI,EF and IBS parameters were measured within one week of PCI,two weeks and three months after PCI to analyze the changes of IBS parameters in the viable segments and non-viable segments.Results There were significant difference between the magnitude of CVIB,AII%,CVIB% in the segments of abnormal wall motion and those in the segments of group CON.WMSI and EF were significantly different before PCI and after PCI respectively(P 0.05).The magnitude of CVIB,CVIB% and AII% were significantly different between the viable segments and non-viable segments(P 0.05).The magnitude of CVIB,CVIB% after PCI were higher than those before PCI(P 0.01).However,The magnitude of AII% of post-PCI was significantly lower than that before PCI(P 0.01),The magnitude of CVIB,CVIB% and AII% were not significantly different between PCI(2W) and PCI(3M) respectively(P 0.05).The magnitude of CVIB、AII%、CVIB% of nonviable segments were not significantly different among pre-PCI,PCI(2W),PCI(3M).Conclusion Integrated backscatter parameters in total apical views could assess viable myocardium sensitively and objectively.


The study included 100 patients with chronic hepatitis С. As a part of complex therapy the subjects underwent intravenous laser therapy. Serum ceruloplasmin level, markers of lipid peroxidation, antioxidative defence, cytolysis, and inflammatory syndrome were estimated before and after the treatment. Laser therapy resulted in improvement of all parameters, including ceruloplasmin level and subjective state of patients.


Abstract : The results are presented of an investigation of both the effective dielectric constants (epsilon sub ef) and dielectric losses of thin films of praseodymium (PrF3), cerium (CeF3), and neodymium (NdF3) fluorides. It was shown that the large values of epsilon sub ef and the dependence of dielectric losses on temperature and frequency may be explained by the presence of the barrier layers under the electrodes. The effective impurity-activation energies were determined to be: for PrF3 0.5-0.6 ev, for NdF3 and CeF3 0.8-1.1 ev. The value of the forbidden band of CeF3, determined from the absorption measurements, is 4.85 ev, while the values for PrF3 and NdF3 seem to be close to 5.9-6.4 ev. The process of aging of epsilon sub ef was investigated, and the dependence of the breakdown field was determined according to the thickness of the films. (Author)


Although sequence effect can potentially be a powerful tool to tune the photophysical properties of conjugated oligomers and copolymers prepared from donor and acceptor monomers, nearly all research to date focuses on the alternating structure. Little is known about the properties of other sequences and sequence has not been exploited as a tool for tuning these materials for specific applications. In order to explore this potentially powerful tool, a series of sequenced phenylene-vinylene oligomers was synthesized and investigated both experimentally and computationally. Using Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) chemistry, dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, and hexamers were prepared from two building block monomers, a relatively electron-poor unsubstituted p-phenylene-vinylene and an electron-rich dialkoxy-substituted p-phenylene-vinylene. UV-Vis absorption/emission spectra and cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the optoelectronic properties of these oligomers depended significantly on sequence.
To further understand the influence of monomer sequence on the properties and solar cell performance of donor-acceptor conjugated oligomers, a library of dimers, trimers, and tetramers were prepared from phenylene and benzothiadiazole monomers linked by vinylene groups. Optical and electrochemical studies established the influence of sequence on both the max and redox potentials of this series of structurally related oligomers. The effect of end groups (cyano, bromo, and alkyl) was also demonstrated to be important for the properties of these oligomers. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells fabricated with selected tetramers as the donor exhibited power conversion efficiencies that varied by a factor of three as a function of sequence.
The sequence effect on donor-acceptor conjugated polymers was also studied. Two trimeric isomers, comprising dialkoxy phenylene vinylene, benzothiadiazole vinylene, and alkyl endgroups with terminal olefins, were synthesized. Sequence effects were evident in the optical/electrochemical properties and thermal properties. The trimers were used as macromonomers in an ADMET polymerization to give sequenced polymers. The optical and electrochemical properties were similar to those of their trimer precursors—sequence effects were still evident.
These results suggest that sequence control is important for tuning optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance of these structurally related conjugated oligomers. The polymerization of oligomeric sequences is a practical approach for the incorporation of sequence into polymers.


In order to analyze the feasibility of using magnesium slag as an admixture of mortar and concrete form mechanics effect,by analyzing the chemical components of magnesium slag and the result of strength test and micro-structure of cement mortar,the pozzolanic activity and the fine-process effect of magnesium slag are studied,as well as the synergistic effect of magnesium slag and fly ash,Results show that pozzolanic activity of magnesium slag can be improved by fine-process,where the synergistic effect of magnesium slag and fly ash is obvious when slag to fly-ash ratio is not up to 60%.


Binary Cr-N, Zr-N and Cr-Zr-N films were synthesised using a R.F. reactive magnetron sputtering technique by co-sputtering Cr and Zr. The crystalline structure, morphology, mechanical and tribological properties of the films as a function of Zr content were characterised by X-ray diffraction, microanalysis X (WDS, EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, nanoindentation, scratch adhesion and pin-on-disc sliding wear tests. The residual stress was calculated with the Stoney formula. The Cr-Zr-N films exhibit a two-phase microstructure, containing a cubic (CrN, ZrN) with hexagonal (Cr2N, Zr2N) phases, as shown by X-ray diffraction. As the Zr content increased, a columnar and compact structure is developed with a low surface roughness. The results reveal that the mechanical and tribological properties of the films were found to depend on the Zr content and the hardness (maximum 26.3 GPa) is greatly improved in comparison with CrN and ZrN films, especially at 31 at.-% Zr. In the scratch test, the hardest film (Cr0.18Zr0.31N0.47) exhibited an adhesive failure at Lc2 = 34.3 N.


The brown's gas also known as HHO gas has been produced using dye cell alkaline water electrolyser using 316L stainless plates. The electrolyzer has been integrated with solar panel using battery bank and charge controller to develop on-demand HHO generation system. The produced gas has been employed as primary fuel for combustion and its effectiveness has been investigated. Preliminary observations revealed that the photovoltaic (PV) integrated alkaline water electrolysis system exhibits smooth operation and provides proper control over the production process. On the other hand, the utilization of HHO gas as primary fuel displayed highly satisfying results. The developed system has the capacity to generate HHO on the order of 3L/min at 15Amps and it almost instantly burn paper and acrylic sheet.


Finding maximum a posterior (MAP) estimation is common problem in computer vision, such as the inference in Markov random fields. However, it is in general intractable, and one has to resort to approximate solutions, e.g. quadratic programming. In this paper, we propose a robust Frank-Wolfe method [6] to do the MAP inference. Our algorithm optimizes the quadratic programming problem by alternating projections between the discrete domain and the continuous domain (relaxed space). If the solution in the discrete domain keeps the energy climbing in the current step in both the discrete and continuous domains, we push the algorithm ahead to that direction in the following steps. Otherwise, we backtrack our algorithm to the continuous domain, which can find a non-discrete solution and improve the quadratic function climbing towards the integer solution. We analyze our algorithm and show the backtrack step under the Frank-Wolfe Method framework can guarantee the energy increasing in the following gradient updating step. We show the advantages of our algorithm by significantly outperforming integer projected fixed point method (IPFP) and other baselines.


When asked how they first found out about the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)7 four of the five Morrow brothers of central Illinois gave the same answer. "My brother told me." It often happened that siblings joined the CCC together and sometimes even served in the same camp together, but the Morrow brothers joined at different times and served at different camps. Their assignments took some of them from the flatland farms of Illinois, to the far north woods of Wisconsin, to the sagebrush deserts of Nevada and Oregon. Their experience collectively provides a unique cross-section of the many ways in which the CCC changed the forests, farmlands, parks, and ranchlands of America. The story of the Morrow brother is also an example of how a new federal relief program became a lifesaver to families across the United States. For many young adults growing up during the Great Depression, the CCC not only gave them a job but also gave them a degree of hope for a better future. Of all the New Deal relief programs the Civilian Conservation Corps can rightly be called one of the most successful. In the nine years of operation ending in 1942 the program enrolled almost three million men. Their mission was an ambitious one. Dubbed Franklin Roosevelt's "Tree Army" the men were sent to every state as part of a land conservation effort that had never been attempted before on a national scale. Figure 1. The Civilian Conservation Corps was the brainchild of President Franklin D. Roosevelt as part of his New Deal program begun in 1933 to bring relief to an economy in the midst of a crisis. Wth unemployment at 25 percent of the workforce his "brain trust" of idea men came up with a variety of programs designed to arrest the downward spiral of severe deflation. In a whirlwind of legislative action Roosevelt proposed and Congress approved a number of programs and agencies. Some of them such as the Emergency Banking Act and the Farm Credit Act were aimed at dealing with the financial meltdown resulting from the stock market crash of 1929. Other programs were directed at relief in the form of jobs for unemployed workers. There was the Federal Emergency Relief Administration that made money available to the states to help the jobless. There also was the Civil Works Administration and Public Works Administration that provided money for road building and other construction projects. Then there was the Emergency Conservation Work Act (ECW). Within the ECW was the mechanism for setting up a cadre of young adults who went out to the forests and farm fields of America and engaged in a variety of conservation projects intended to restore the environmental health of the country. The reward for the young CCC men (known as enrollees) was a paying job, free room and board, free medical care, and the chance to learn a trades skill that could become useful in the job market after they left the organization. Changes in eligibility were instituted later in the program but in the beginning enrollment in the CCC was open to any unmarried and unemployed male between eighteen and twenty-five years old. They had to be willing to sign up for a minimum of six months. It was possible to extend the enlistment in six months intervals to a maximum of two years service. They were paid thirty dollars per month with the stipulation that twentyfive dollars would be automatically sent home to their parents. The wages were low even by Great Depression standards, but in the face of crushing joblessness five dollars per month pocket money was still acceptable to thousands of teenagers. Enrollment was brisk.1 Unlike some of the other New Deal programs, the CCC had few detractors. The issue of fair wages for the young men and the impact it would have on adult workers and their labor unions was briefly debated in Washington but quickly died away. Another controversy hung on for years. There was the political problem of who ran the work camps and exercised control over the young men. …


The polarity σ* constant of the selenophen ring has been obtained from the rates of acid- and base-catalysed hydrolysis of ethyl selenophen-2-carboxylate, following the Taft procedure. Kinetics of the reaction of selenophen-2-sulphonyl chloride and 2-chloromethylselenophen with aniline, and of selenophen-2-carbaldehyde with aniline and with a phosphorus ylide have been investigated. Comparison between the reactivities of selenophen and thiophen compounds confirms the similarity of the electrical effects of both heterocycles. The results, together with previous data for furan, thiophen, pyrrole, and benzene derivatives, are rationalized by correlation analysis with polar or electrophilic constants of heterocycles, depending on the side-chain electron demand.


Basketball is a favorite sport.This paper studies the strategies and tactics concerning the teaching of basketball in Guizhou University for Nationalities.


To investigate, in the Carotid Atherosclerosis: Metformin for Insulin Resistance (CAMERA) trial (NCT00723307), whether the influence of metformin on the glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 axis in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is sustained and related to changes in glycaemia or weight, and to investigate basal and post‐meal GLP‐1 levels in patients with T2DM in the cross‐sectional Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (DIRECT) study.


Public investment is a fundamental tool of economic policy for any state. In order to steer, order and optimize it, the National System of Public Investment was created, which is analyzed in its objective, public investment concept, and subjective (incorporated agencies scopes, its constitutionality due to autonomous regimes and its effects on different issues such as the competence of the Office of Planning and Budget and constitutional provisions on public budgets, among others.


A 57-year-old woman presented to her local hospital with left arm and leg weakness and was diagnosed with a right-sided stroke. A subsequent transthoracic echocardiogram showed a large, poorly-defined mass within the left atrium, which prompted her transfer to our institute for urgent surgical resection.

As a prelude to surgery, we performed a "tripartite" coronary CT angiogram to assess the coronary anatomy and left atrial mass (Figure 1). The findings were consistent with a left atrial myxoma and the patient subsequently underwent surgery, where the mass was resected and the diagnosis substantiated (Figure 2).

Figure 1

ECG-gated cardiac computed tomography. Figure 1a shows a large mass (arrow) occupying one third of the left atrium in systole (40% phase). Figure 1b shows the mass (arrow) prolapsing through the mitral valve into the left ventricle in diastole (90% phase). On ...

Figure 2

Macroscopic appearance of the left atrial myxoma following surgical resection. Figure 1a shows the ventricular surface of the myxoma along with the atrial septum and Figure 1b the ventricular surface.

Myxomas have an estimated incidence of 0.007%. Although echocardiography remains the first-line investigation to establish their diagnosis, the current case highlights the typical appearances and usefulness of CT as a second-line investigation when further information is required.


Human cases of infection with the Zika flavivirus were first detected in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania in 1952, with a case recorded in Nigeria 2 years later (1). The virus then spread into Asia, with widespread population exposure in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Pakistan from 1969 to 1983; Yap Island in the Federated States of Micronesia in 2007; French Polynesia from 2013 to 2014; and Brazil at the end of 2014, leading to the spread of Zika virus across the rest of Latin America in 2015 and 2016 (1). Zika virus has been isolated from various species of Aedes mosquitoes, including Aedes aegypti, which is the primary vector for the ongoing Zika virus outbreak across Latin America and the Caribbean (2). The potential for Zika virus transmission by A albopictus raises concern about the threat of dissemination of the virus beyond the habitat range of A aegypti (3). Most Zika virus infections are asymptomatic (4). Symptomatic cases are predominantly mild, characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, maculopapular rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis (4). Although Zika virus illnesses are generally self-limiting, the virus can cause serious birth defects, including microcephaly, and neurologic disease, such as GuillainBarr syndrome (57). In addition to microcephaly, studies have shown fetal abnormalities among about 30% of infants born to women with confirmed Zika virus infection during pregnancy (8). These abnormalities can include in utero growth restriction, central nervous system malformations, complications of amniotic fluid volume and artery flow, and fetal death (810). Studies have estimated more than a doubling of microcephaly cases in Brazil overall from the end of November 2015 to the beginning of February 2016, which has been linked to prenatal Zika virus infection (11). A surge in central nervous system malformations, including microcephaly, was also recorded during the 2013 Zika virus outbreak in French Polynesia (12). An elevated number of microcephaly cases has recently been observed in Colombia, to which Zika virus spread in September 2015 (13). Health ministries across Latin America and the Caribbean have advised women to postpone pregnancy, with recommended delays of 6 to 8 months in Colombia, 1 year in Jamaica, and 2 years in El Salvador (14). Health authorities in Brazil and Ecuador have made similar recommendations without specifying the duration (14). However, these recommendations have not been met by concerted action from governments to facilitate adherence. Without wider availability of effective contraception options throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, people may resort to riskier birth control methods. Furthermore, 56% of all pregnancies in Latin America are unplanned (15, 16), which may limit the extent to which policy recommendations can affect the timing of pregnancies throughout populations. In addition, a surge in pregnancies is likely to occur after the period of abstention. Consequently, the need is urgent to evaluate the implications of the extent and timing of pregnancy delay as an effective strategy to avert microcephaly and other fetal abnormalities caused by Zika virus infection. In this study, we developed a data-driven Zika virus transmission model to evaluate the effectiveness of pregnancy-delay recommendations in reducing the incidence and prevalence of prenatal Zika virus infection in Colombia. We hypothesized that the effectiveness of mass pregnancy delays in reducing prenatal Zika virus infections depends on the duration of the delay, the population-level adherence to the policy recommendation, and the timing of initiation of the strategy relative to the peak incidence of infection within the community of interest. Methods In the absence of vaccines or treatments for Zika virus infection, and given the limited evidence on the effectiveness of vector control in curtailing the spread of A aegyptiborne diseases, such as dengue and chikungunya (17), public health authorities in many countries in the Americas affected by Zika virus have made recommendations to women and couples to postpone pregnancy (14). When durations have been specified, recommended delays have ranged from 6 months to 2 years. We developed a data-driven Zika virus transmission model to evaluate the effect of a mass pregnancy-delay strategy in which women of reproductive age avoid pregnancy for the recommended duration, at varying degrees of adherence. Mathematical Model We developed a disease transmission model for the spread of Zika virus in Colombia that included both human and mosquito population dynamics. We stratified the modeled human population by sex (male or female), age (prereproductive, reproductive, or postreproductive), and pregnancy status (nonpregnant or pregnant). We also distinguished between early and later stages of pregnancy to evaluate the conservative assumption in our base case that only women infected during their first trimester are at risk for giving birth to a child with Zika-induced microcephaly (18). In scenario analyses, we also considered the possibility that Zika virus may cause microcephaly at any point during pregnancy. The model parameters were quantified with entomologic data specific to A aegypti, demographic data specific to Colombia, and epidemiologic data specific to Zika virus and dengue (Table). Table. Epidemiologic Parameters and Distributions To simulate Zika virus transmission, the mosquito population was subdivided into 3 epidemiologic classes: susceptible (SV ), exposed (EV ), and infected (IV ). Susceptible mosquitoes became exposed (entering the class OE ) at a rate that depended on the human force of infection (H ), and exposed mosquitoes became infected at a rate that depended on the extrinsic incubation period (V ). Mosquito population dynamics incorporated seasonality through the mosquito birth rate (39). We defined the force of infection as a function of the biting rate of mosquitoes (c), the proportion of persons with infection (either symptomatic [IHS ] or asymptomatic [IHA ]), and their respective probabilities of infecting a mosquito (h [IHS + IHA ]/NH , where NH was the size of the human population). Thus, H = c h (IHS + IHA )/NH . The human population was subdivided into 5 epidemiologic classes: susceptible (SH ), exposed (EH ), symptomatic infected (IHS ), asymptomatic infected (IHA ), and recovered (RH ). Susceptible persons became exposed at a rate of O , which depended on the biting rate of mosquitoes, the proportion of infected mosquitoes and their infectivity (VIV/NV , where NV was the total number of adult mosquitoes), and the density ratio of mosquitoes to people (NV /NH ). Thus, O = c VIV/NH . Exposed persons became infected at a rate of , with a proportion (r) transitioning into the symptomatic class (IHS ) and a proportion (1 r) transitioning into the asymptomatic class (IHA ). Infectious persons recovered at a rate of into the RH class. We assumed lifelong immunity after infection, consistent with closely related flaviviruses, such as those for dengue (40) and yellow fever (41), and consistent with the persistence of neutralizing Zika virus antibodies observed in previously infected persons (37). Further description of the model equations can be found in the Supplement. Supplement. Further Description of Model Equations Model Fitting We used a Bayesian melding approach (42) to fit our model to epidemiologic data on weekly suspected and confirmed symptomatic cases of Zika virus infection in Colombia from 11 October 2015 to 31 March 2016 (43) while also accounting for the large proportion of unreported asymptomatic cases typical of Zika virus infection (4). The Bayesian melding approach combined prior information about model input parameters (Table) with data on incidence of Zika virus infection. We implemented a sample-importance-resample algorithm to identify the input parameter values that generated epidemic curves that most closely matched the data on Zika virus infection. Specifically, we ran 200000 model simulations, sampling randomly from the prior distributions of input parameters in each simulation. Throughout the sampling process, we weighted each simulation according to its likelihood-based compatibility with the data. We then resampled (with replacement) from the simulations, with the probability of selection proportional to the weight of the simulation. Under this approach, the simulation resampled most frequently (the mode) is considered the best-fitting simulation. The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were used to obtain 95% credible intervals (CrIs) for model parameters and output. The 95% CrI is the interval within which the values of the input and output parameters of the model lie with a 95% probability, given the epidemiologic data. After fitting, we validated our model projections against weekly case data from 1 April to 8 May 2016. Further details of the model fitting process can be found in the Supplement. To compute the value of the basic reproductive number (R0 ), which is the average number of secondary human infections generated throughout the entire infectious period of a single human (44, 45), we applied the next-generation matrix method (a computational method used to derive R0 from transmission dynamics models) to our fitted model (44, 45). Data Sources Cases reported by the National Institute of Health of Colombia from 11 October 2015 to 8 May 2016 were used to fit our Zika virus transmission model (43). These reported cases constitute weekly nationwide suspected and laboratory-confirmed cases of Zika virus infection. Suspected cases were defined as persons presenting at a hospital or clinic with rash, fever (temperature >37.2C), and at least 1 of the following symptoms within 5 days of symptom onset that could not be explained by other medical conditions: nonpurulent conjunctivitis or conjunctival hyperemia, arthralgia, myalgia, headache, or malaise. In addition, they had to have been in a pl


Editorial. 2011. "The 'Personhood' Initiative." New York Times, October 27, 2011. http:// www.nytimes.com/2011/10/28/opinion/the-personhood-initiative.html/. Hildebrand, David. 2003. Beyond Realism and Anti-Realism: John Dewey and the Neopragmatists. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. Tweed, Thomas. 2006. Crossing and Dwelling: A Theory of Religion. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 2001. Philosophical Investigations. Edited and translated by Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell.


The extended family of small GTPases is linked to the evolution of distinct, unique features of the eukaryotic cell such as cell division, differentiation and apoptosis. But, how did these small GTPases evolve? In this research paper, van Dam, Bos and Snel use phylogenetic analysis to provide an evolutionary framework for a subset of these proteins, Ras-like small GTPases along with their corresponding activating proteins (GAPs). Furthermore, the authors were able to make specific predictions to aid molecular biologists and biochemists working on Ras-like GTPases.


was also observed in a series of acyclic polythioethers. 5 The title compound consists of two parts: a protonated N -H-ATU cation, ( N -H 2 -ATU) + , and a Cl – anion. Two hydrogen atoms on the N1 atom connect with the counter anion, Cl – , The crystal structure of the title compound, 6-aza-3,9-dithiaundecane hydrochloride ( N -H-ATU·HCl), was determined by X-ray crystallography. The hydrogen-bonding networks in the crystal extend along with the b and c axes to form a 2D-triple-sheet, in which the Cl – ions put between two ( N -H 2 -ATU) + sheets. The compound was crystallized in an orthorhombic system as: Pccn , a = 25.0091(4), b = 5.39364(10), c = 9.37759(19)Å, Z = 4, V = 1264.94(4)Å 3 . The R 1 and wR 2 values were 0.0341 and 0.0880, respectively, for 1162 reflections.


This paper presents a novel implementation of the Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) detector on system-on-chip (SoC) using 65 nm CMOS technology. The novel SoC was developed following the Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) design flow which significantly enhanced its realization and fabrication, and overall performances. The SoC has very low area requirement (around 0.05 mm2) and is capable of detecting both bright and dark MSERs in a single run, while computing simultaneously their associated regions' moments, simplifying its interfacing with other image algorithms (e.g. SIFT and SURF). The novel MSER SoC is power-efficient (requires 2.25 mW) and memory-efficient as it saves more than 31% of the memory space reported in the state-of-the-art MSER implementation on FPGA, making it suitable for mobile devices. With 256×256 resolution and its operating frequency of 133 MHz, the SoC is expected to have a 200 frames/second processing rate, making it suitable (when integrated with other algorithms in the system) for time-critical real-time applications such as visual surveillance.


Heavy quarkonium is one of the key candidates to study the fundamental properties of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) created in heavy-ion ($A$+$A$) collisions. Comparing the production of the $J/\psi$ meson in proton+proton ($p$+$p$) and $A$+$A$ collisions, namely the nuclear modification factor ($R_{\rm AA}$), provides the quantitative understanding of the QGP. Normally, the $R_{\rm AA}$ is measured under the assumption that the quarkonium is unpolarized. However, the recent measurements on the $J/\psi$ polarization in the forward rapidity region in both $p$+$p$ and $A$+$A$ collisions from the LHC experiments suggest that the $J/\psi$ meson has small but non-negligible polarization. In this paper, we show the effects on the kinematic acceptance from the $J/\psi$ polarization to the measurement of $R_{\rm AA}$ in the forward rapidity region using the available data from the ALICE and LHCb experiments and demonstrate the possible maximum effects from polarization in the central rapidity region at the RHIC and LHC energies. The results show that having precise measurements on the quarkonium polarization in heavy-ion collisions is important to obtain the full picture of how heavy quarkonium interacts with the QGP.


Background: To assess the mental health status and to determine the associated risk factors of mental health disorder among Type 2 diabetics residing in urban field practicearea of Department of community medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysuru.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in urban field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysuru. Total 390 Diabetics were included in our study. Pre-designed, semi structured questionnaire and DASS 21 scale was used for data collection and the data was analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 23 (Licensed to JSSAHER). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress were 162 (41%), 126 (32.3%), 124 (31.8%) respectively. Age, education, tobacco chewing, history of hypertension were statistically significantly associated with depression. Age, occupation, hypertension were statistically significantly associated with anxiety. Age, education, occupation were statistically significantly associated with stress.Conclusions: Depression, anxiety and stress among diabetics in our study is less. Age, education, occupation, history of hypertension were common factors associated with mental health status. Counselling should be done at regular intervals for all T2DM patients for better mental health well-being.


AIM
To evaluate the benefit of 4-week regimen including azithromycin+omeprazole (vs omeprazole alone) for eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

METHODS
Twenty HP positive patients with an ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) were included in this study. They were given either omeprazole 40 mg for 4 weeks alone or in combination with azithromycin 1 g/die for 1 week. Endoscopy was performed before 4 weeks after and 4 months after treatment. The presence of HP was assessed in antral and corporeal biopsies by urease test and histology.

RESULTS
HP eradication was observed in 9/10 (90%) patients in the omeprazole+azithromycin group and 0/10 patients in the omeprazole alone group.

CONCLUSION
Omeprazole 40 mg for 4 weeks in combination with azithromycin 1 g die for 1 week eradicates HP in 90% of these patients. The good eradication percentage and absence of collateral effect make us extend patients' number to test.


To design a digital controlled DC current source with the core components of TL494,AT89C51 as control parts.the current source have the characteristics of high-precision control,good stability,stepping small,adjustable,and small ripple,it is suitable for application in the teaching experiment equipment,a more useful DC current source.


Accordingly there is provided a method of manufacturing a transition metal oxide / carbon nanotube composite in the present invention, the method comprises the steps of preparing (a) a carbon nanotube powder; (B) the step of uniformly dispersed followed by the addition of the carbon nanotube powder in a solvent; (C) forming a mixture by mixing the transition metal salt to the solution and; (D) by applying a microwave to the mixed solution, heating the carbon nanotubes in the mixed solution and the solution, to form a transition metal oxide nanoparticles on the surface of the carbon nanotube, a transition metal oxide / carbon nano byubeu complex a characterized in that it comprises the step of synthesis.


Three types of evidence of deep seated creep of steep natural slopes are considered: surface manifestations such as fissures and depressions; inclinometer measurements on three slopes in the Ottawa area; and movements of a bridge superstructure spanning a steep sided ravine.Results of measurements show that the movements are not continuous but occur in response to seasonal high levels of the groundwater table. The implications of the movements are discussed in relation to the stability of clay slopes.


T wenty-six million people worldwide experience a stroke each year, making it the second-leading cause of mortality and a leading cause of long-term disability. 1 One-third of strokes represent intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage, whereas two-thirds represent cerebral ischemia. 1 Ischemic stroke can result from a variety of causes, such as atherosclero-sis of the cerebral circulation, occlusion of cerebral small vessels , and cardiac embolism.


To solve the absence of the uniform rule for judging longitudinal impulse of passenger trains,the new judge rule composed of acceleration,inherent frequency and effect period is provided in this paper based on the research of the longitudinal dynamics of trains and human sensitivity.The genera pattern of longitudinal impulse was reduced through analyzing and concluding acceleration samples by digital signal processing and virtual instruments.Compared with traditional rules,the new rule is more rational and exact,which was proved by experiments.


In order to ensure the safe operation of the bridge, it is very necessary to establish real-time monitoring system on some extraordinary large-scale bridges. In this paper, the prestressed concrete continuous bealm bridge is taken as the research object. Firstly, ANSYS is used to establish the initial finite element model according to the design data of the bridge, and then update the calculation model to conform to the actual state of the structure. After that, the analysis of mechanical performance under design load is carried out to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal placement of sensors. Finally, the bridge real-time monitoring system is set up and the collected monitoring data (displacement, strain, acceleration, etc.) is taken a statistical analysis, for the purpose of making a preliminary judgement on the actual operation of the bridge, and being considered as the theoretical basis and database of real-time monitoring system for follow-up study.


The author aims to compare school breakdown in two countries, the United States and Japan. It is speculated in the paper that the causes of breakdown differ though the results portend problems for the future in both countries. The author offers several possible solutions for stemming the so-called collapse in the two education systems, one which would appear engineered and one which would seem to be the result of a complexly amoebic system that is difficult to alter significantly save for extensive reform. NOTE: As this author refuses to recognize the legitimacy of the 2000 American Presidential Election, Mr. Bush will be referred to in this paper hereafter as President-select Bush rather than President Bush. His father will be referred to as ex-President Bush. 東京家政学院筑波女子大学紀要第7集 61~86ページ 2003年


The mass media has been ever-vigilant in keeping the public informed of the extent of crime in our society. In addition to the rates at which crimes are committed, it is the nature of the crimes that is particularly horrifying. Gross abuse of children, incest, callous murder of innocent people, community traumatisation by gangs and the like have become so common-place that we pay scant attention to the destabilising impact of these events on people and communities. These are, however, symptoms of the disintegrating social fabric and moral fibre in our society.