We develop new probabilistic and deterministic approaches for moment statistics of stochastic partial differential equations with pure jump tempered $\alpha$-stable (T$\alpha$S) Levy processes. With the compound Poisson (CP) approximation or the series representation of the T$\alpha$S process, we simulate the moment statistics of stochastic reaction-diffusion equations with additive T$\alpha$S white noises by the probability collocation method (PCM) and the Monte Carlo (MC) method. PCM is shown to be more efficient and accurate than MC in relatively low dimensions. Then as an alternative approach, we solve the generalized Fokker--Planck equation that describes the evolution of the density for stochastic overdamped Langevin equations to obtain the density and the moment statistics for the solution following two different approaches. First, we solve an integral equation for the density by approximating the T$\alpha$S processes as CP processes; second, we directly solve the tempered fractional PDE (TFPDE). W...


We develop an approach that allows to construct semiorthogonal decompositions of derived categories of surfaces with cyclic quotient singularities whose components are equivalent to derived categories of local finite dimensional algebras. We first explain how to induce a semiorthogonal decomposition of a surface X with rational singularities from a semiorthogonal decomposition of its resolution. In the case when X has cyclic quotient singularities, we introduce the condition of adherence for the components of the semiorthogonal decomposition of the resolution that allows to identify the components of the induced decomposition with derived categories of local finite dimensional algebras. Further, we present an obstruction in the Brauer group of X to the existence of such semiorthogonal decomposition, and show that in the presence of the obstruction a suitable modification of the adherence condition gives a semiorthogonal decomposition of the twisted derived category of X. We illustrate the theory by exhibiting a semiorthogonal decomposition for the untwisted or twisted derived category of any normal projective toric surface depending on whether its Weil divisor class group is torsion-free or not. For weighted projective planes we compute the generators of the components explicitly and relate our results to the results of Kawamata based on iterated extensions of reflexive sheaves of rank 1.


Developmental trajectories are defined as curves of repeated observations. Individuals may differ in the starting point, the degree of acceleration or deceleration, the timing of acceleration or deceleration, overall shape, elevation, and scatter of curves. This article discusses methods for typifying developmental trajectories. Two groups of methods are considered. The first group involves assigning individuals to a priori existing trajectories and counting the number of individuals that reflect natural groupings of trajectories based on categorical classifications, using Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA). The second method involves employing methods of cluster analysis. When selecting a method of cluster analysis, the following ten cluster characteristics need to be considered: (1) disjoint vs. overlapping clusters; (2) hierarchical vs. non-hierarchical clustering; (3) agglomerative vs. divisive clustering; (4) exhaustive vs. selective classification; (5) stochastic vs. deterministic clustering; (6) clustering based on correlation vs. distance measure; (7) convex vs. non convex clusters; (8) clustering based on symmetric vs. asymmetric measure; (9) monothetic vs. polythetic classification, and (10) manifest versus latent variable clustering. A review of clustering methods is presented using examples to demonstrate the pros and cons of each method. Discriminant analysis and logistic regression are discussed as methods for subsequent analysis of groupings. Examples are presented using artificial data and empirical data on the development of cigarette smoking in male adolescents.


Abstract: Normal human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) exposed to a single H2O2 subcytotoxic stress display features of premature senescence, termed stress‐induced premature senescence (SIPS). In this work, our aim was to study SIPS in Werner syndrome (WS) fibroblasts, derived from a patient with WS, a disease resembling accelerated aging. The subcytotoxic dose for WS fibroblasts was found to be inferior to that of normal HDFs, indicating WS fibroblasts are more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide than normal HDFs. SA β‐gal activity has been shown to occur both in vitro and in vivo, and we studied the proportion of WS cells positive for SA β‐gal. Intriguingly, the percentage of positive cells did not increase with the dose of H2O2 used. Contrary to other HDFs, the DNA‐binding activity of p53 in WS fibroblasts did not increase in SIPS. We found, based on our results, that WS fibroblasts feature an altered stress response and do not reach SIPS from H2O2. We suggest that the proportion of cells that in normal HDFs would enter SIPS instead die in WS fibroblasts. Last, we propose that aging derives from a loss of integrity of the chromatin structure, which occurs faster in WS patients.


Abstract The computer vision direction in the field of artificial intelligence analyses the latest progress of computer vision technology from visual perception and visual generation, including but not limited to image recognition, target detection and image segmentation. First of all, for computer vision technology, this paper introduces the detailed application of image recognition technology, object detection technology and image segmentation technology. Then, we build a BP neural network combined with a deep LSTM neural network, use the BP network algorithm to select the input variables to reduce the dimension and complexity of the model, and use the selected variables as the input of the deep LSTM network. At the same time, deep LSTM is used to perform high-dimensional deep memory learning features on the selected variables. Finally, the model is separately experimented in computer vision. The experimental results show that the present model and other single models can be selected by BP neural network variables in computer vision applications, which can effectively reduce the complexity of the model and improve the generalisation ability of the model, so that it can be used in computer vision research.


Because of stock's great variety,good mobility and various valuation methods,stock irregularities have become main means of profit manipulation. Using analytical programme properly can help auditors work out an economical and effective audit scheme between the stock quality and its cost.In the process of stock audit,auditors use analytical programme to assess the motives and opportunities of serious stock irregularities of administrative authorities so that they can find out their irregularities.


The goal of this chapter is to provide a unified solution to two widely discussed epistemological puzzles: the puzzle of easy knowledge and the puzzle of higher-order evidence. The chapter begins by setting out each of these two puzzles. It then briefly surveys some of the proposed solutions to each puzzle, none of which generalizes to the other. Finally, the chapter argues that the two puzzles arise because of a widespread confusion concerning the relation of substantive and structural constraints of rationality: or, in the epistemic domain, the relation of evidence and coherence. Clearing up this confusion allows us to clear up both puzzles at once.


Aim: The crystallization step is required for lithium disilicate ceramics to change color, improve the mechanical properties and yield material to support mouth loading. Several furnaces could complete the crystallization process. This study evaluated the flexural and bond strength of lithium disilicate ceramics crystallized by different furnaces with the presence or not of vacum and different holding time. Methods: Forty lithium disilicate samples were divided into two groups: Programat P300 - control group with vacuum and holding time 7 minutes (CG) and FVPlus- experimental group and without vacuum and holding time 25 minutes (EG) and submitted to 2 experimental tests: 3-point flexural strength test and micro shear bond strength test (µSBS). For this test, the surface of the samples was treated and 1mm² of resin cement was applied on the surface. The samples were stored in artificial saliva over 2 time periods (24 hours: T0; 1-month storage: T1). To analyze the morphologic crystals of the ceramics tested, one representative specimen from each group were analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results: There was no significant difference in 3-point flexural strength test between groups CG and EG (p= 0.984). The µSBS results showed no statistical difference between groups, considering different storage time. There was no difference in the 3-point flexural strength and μSBS for lithium disilicate samples regardless of heat treatment of furnace type. The storage time had no influence on the μSBS. No differences were noted in the shape and size of these crystals when comparing the furnace analyzed by SEM images. Conclusion: Different furnaces did not influence the flexural and bond strength of lithium disilicate ceramics.


THE NEEDS OF TRAFFIC FLOW AT A SINGLE INTERSECTION MUST BE BALANCED AGAINST THE NEEDS OF TRAFFIC OVER AN AREA CONTAINING MANY INTERSECTIONS. COMPUTER CONTROL OF TRAFFIC SIGNALS IS INSTITUTED TO ACCOMPLISH THIS. THE SIEMENS COMPUTER PROGRAM IS ORGANIZED AT THREE LEVELS: (1) STRATEGIC CONTROL FOR OPTIMIZING TRAFFIC FLOW THROUGH AN AREA, (2) TACTICAL CONTROL FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMUM GREEN WAVES IN THE DIRECTION OF TRAFFIC FLOW, AND (3) LOCAL CONTROL IN REAL-TIME FOR OPTIMUM USE OF AVAILABLE GREEN PERIODS AT AN INDIVIDUAL INTERSECTION. THE SIEMENS VSR 16000 TRAFFIC COMPUTER EMBODIES AN HIERARCHY OF COORDINATED, SELECTIVE, AND ON-LINE CONTROLS. INPUTS TO THE COMPUTER ARE BY SENSORS: INDUCTIVE LOOPS IN THE ROAD AND ULTRASONIC DETECTORS ON/OVER THE ROAD ARE PARTICULARLY SUITED TO THE VSR 16000. INPUTS ALSO INCLUDE DAY-OF-THE-WEEK AND TIME-OF-DAY INFORMATION CONCERNING EXPECTED KINDS OF TRAFFIC. THE COMPUTER HAS PROGRAMS TO RESPOND TO SITUATIONS AT ALL THREE LEVELS AND GIVE ON-LINE, REAL-TIME DECISIONS. THE PAPER GIVES A BRIEF OUTLINE OF SOME OF THE KINDS OF CONTROL THAT ARE AVAILABLE AND THE KINDS OF ANALYSIS THAT MUST BE PERFORMED BEFORE COMPUTER CONTROL CAN BE IMPLEMENTED. /BPR/


Research has highlighted the possibility of bias in special education decision-making practices. This study explored the potential biasing effects of prior special education placement (and associated diagnostic label) on a national sample of school psychologists. A total of 240 randomly selected NASP members were asked to make diagnostic and placement decisions in response to fictitious, written case studies that were mailed to them. Each psychologist received one of four case studies that varied the referred child's educational placement (special vs. regular class) and current psychological test results (LD vs. normal). Eighty-eight school psychologists returned completed materials. The findings indicated that the school psychologists' decisions were not biased by knowledge of the child's prior special education placement but were influenced appropriately by current psychological test results. School psychologists who reevaluated a child who had been previously placed in a resource program for learning disabled students, but who currently demonstrated average academic functioning, were likely to re-classify the child as non-handicapped and recommend return to regular class programs. The findings question the generalizability of theories of a 'confirmation bias' set among school psychologists.


Purpose: to estimate the indications for prosthesis in patients with eye's subatrophy without pre-enucleation or evisceration and after it. Patients and methods: There were 152 patients with post-traumatic subatrophy (av.age — 46,1 years) under supervision since 2010 till 2017. Group I — 102 patients (67,1%) with locomotory stump after enucleation: 56 (55%) — after enucliation, 46 (45%) — after eviciration. Group II — 50 patients (32.9%) with prosthesis without prior enucliation or eviciration. All patients underwent visometry, biomicroscopy, ultrasonic biometry, ultrasound B scan, tonometry, radiography and computed tomography of cranium, as well as an im-munological examination of the blood to detect the presence of sensitization to the tissues of the eye. The indications for enucliation in group I were I stage of subatrophy combined with post-traumatic subacute uveitis and sympathetic ophthalmia threatened the second eye [38 (37,2%) eyes] and II and III stage of eyeball's subatrophy with fast and slow progressive form [64 (85,3%) eyes]. There were 58 (56.8%) men, 41 (40.2 %) women и 3 (3.0%) children in I group. Prosthesis was made for 22 patients (44%) with 2 stage of subatrophy and 28 (56%) with 3 stage. There were 44 (84.3%) adults [28 (66.7%) men, 16 (33.3%) women] и 6 (15,7%) children. The remaining sensitization to the vascular antigen with the background of steroid therapy is an absolute indication for eyeball's removal in posttraumatic subatrophy. Contraindications to prosthetics of subatrophic eyes without preliminary enucleation or evisceration are positive results of immunological examination of blood, clinical manifestations of slow uveitis, high intraocular pressure and recurrent giphemes. According to our observations, it was possible to perform cosmetic rehabilitation without removing the eyeball in the late post-traumatic period (10–12 months after injury) in the absence of sensitization to the S-antigen of the eye tissues in 32.9% patients with posttraumatic subatrophy. Conclusion. Enucleation was and remains a radical treatment method of posttraumatic subatrophy. For the best cosmetic results of prosthetics, eye removal should be performed with the formation of the locomotor stump and implantation of the orbital inserts.


The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis focuses on the characteristics and description of socially undesirable phenomena in the society and within the ACR (Army of the Czech Republic). At the same time this part documents the prevention system developped and applied by the Ministry of Defence and the prevention system functioning in the civil society.


The title compound, C18H24N2O4, is an aminonaphthoquinone derivative that exhibits a large third-order non-linear optical susceptibility. The centrosymmetric naphthoquinone moieties are connected by bifurcated N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a ribbon structure along [1\overline10]. The molecules are stacked along the c axis, with overlap occurring only at the periphery of the naphthoquinone skeleton.


Background: Pseudomonas species are responsible for different healthcare-associated infections and are inherently resistant to many commonly used antibiotics. Hospital antibiograms are either absent or not regularly available in most healthcare facilities in Nigeria. The objective of this study is to present the antibiogram of Pseudomonas isolates in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe (FTHG) in order to guide antibiotic prescription for better patient safety in the hospital. Methodology: The is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. A total of 4309 bacterial isolates were recovered from aerobic cultures of routine clinical specimens including urine, sputum, blood, swabs, aspirates, biopsies, seminal fluids and cerebrospinal fluids at the Medical Microbiology laboratory of the hospital between January and December 2019. Pseudomonas species were identified by colony morphology, Gram-reaction and conventional biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on each Pseudomonas isolate using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar and results interpreted according to the guideline of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0. Results: Of the total 4309 bacterial isolates, 436 (10.1%) Pseudomonas species were identified, with majority (49.8%) from urine specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility test results revealed average susceptibility rates of 73.8%, 70.1%, 66.2%, 59.5%, and 34.3% to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin ceftazidime, and carbenicillin respectively. These rates fluctuate only slightly for each of the antibiotic during the 12 months period of survey. Conclusion: Pseudomonas species were most sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin among the first line antibiotics in FTHG in 2019. Regular updates and presentation of hospital antibiogram especially for intrinsically resistant bacteria such as Pseudomonas involved in healthcare associated infections, is an important tool in combating antimicrobial resistance and ensuring patient safety.


As the interest on the air pollution is gradually rising up at home and abroad, automotive and fuel researchers have been working on the exhaust emission reduction from vehicles through a lot of approaches, which consist of new engine design, innovative after-treatment systems, using clean fuels and fuel quality improvement. However, a study that the fuel quality affect on exhaust emission from vehicle. This research shows that the irregular gasoline fuel had some problem that cause of ambient pollution, power decreasing, fallen to safety and trouble of engine. At the cold-start operating condition, the irregular gasoline fuel is happened to the unregulated exhaust emissions. Also, based on these problem, this paper discusses the influence of gasoline fuel quality on automotive exhaust emissions.


The article discuss the urban experience and poetry, the anarchist contribution to a new aesthetics. It analyses some poems written by anarchists and the discussion and libertarian opinions on art and revolution.


Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and microstructure of 17-4PH martensite stainless steel is introduced,the mechanism of precipitation hardening of the steel is summarized and discussed.It was widely used owing to its high strength and excellent corrosion resistance.The traditional heat treatment of the steel is solution and aging.Generally,solution temperature is 1040 ℃.The strength and hardness increase gradually with aging temperature and time increasing,while the impact property decreases.With the intermediate treatment among the solid solution and aging,the impact property and the corrosion resistance are obviously increased due to the refined martensite lath.It is widely believed that the mechanism of precipitation hardening of 17-4PH martensite stainless steel is due to the precipitation of e-Cu,but the analysis about morphology of e-Cu is various.


AIM
To assess the diagnostic significance and safety of vacuum-assisted resection in patients with focal breast cancer BIRADS category 3 and 4.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The procedure was performed in 50 women aged 22 to 51 years (35.1±2.6 years).

RESULTS
There were no any complications immediately after vacuum resection. Tissue of the neoplasm was removed in full in all patients. Benign and malignant tumors were observed in 94 and 6% cases respectively. All cases were identified in BIRADS category 3.

CONCLUSION
Vacuum-aspiration resection is of great importance in the diagnosis and treatment of focal dysplasia of the mammary glands. It has a high diagnostic accuracy, allows you to remove focal disease in full without serious complications.


Passive stereo matching algorithms often fail when the scene does not have enough texture or repetitive patterns. In this situation, active stereo matching method is a solution by projecting structured light to the scene surface. This paper introduces De bruijn sequence and creating artificial images that is combined input images and pattern images. It is also argued relationship between original images and pattern images, and finally represents simulation results.


The study of university's intensive training class dates from 1980's in China,which focuses on the new model of innovative talents' cultivation.In the latest decade,scholars made a large number of studies which mainly include areas like the study of intensive training class in Beijing University,the case study of such classes in other universities and the characteristic summarization of variety classes.But this paper finds out that the inadequacy of the studies is still there such as the problems of training philosophy and management mechanism,laying extra emphasis on the exam-oriented education and neglecting the practical education,ignoring critically the psychology acting as a very important position in the curriculum system.


Among the more significant problems of higher educa tion, particularly at the community college level, is continuing education for educators.2 Instructors at small colleges and universities are frequently burdened with heavy teaching loads and administrative responsibilities. As a result, these educators are often confronted with "obso lescence" arising from their inability to keep current in their academic fields. The problem of obsolescence is compounded by the practice common to smaller institutions of allowing or re quiring instructors to develop programs or courses in sub stantive areas only slightly related to their subject. These two problems combined create a situation which severely hampers the ability of the institution to respond with meaningful and innovative programs for the students and the community. In the area of urban affairs the problems discussed above are particularly acute. The field is characterized by great diversity in subject matter and approach and is extremely dynamic. Thus, it is the unusual instructor in a community or junior college who can perform the multiple responsibil ities required and still keep abreast of developments in ur ban affairs.


This paper attempts to address one of the abiding problems in stakeholder theory: the complexity of addressing the varying claims of many stakeholders. I argue that Boisot and Child's I-Space framework for describing environmental complexity (1999) can be usefully adapted to describe three dimensions of the complexity of moral impacts that stakeholder theory must manage: diffusion, abstraction, and codification. I also argue that Boisot and Child's two strategies for adapting to environmental complexity, reduction and absorption (1999), can be similarly adapted to moral complexity. Moral complexity reduction entails reducing the three dimensions, through the imposition of schemas on equivocal information, or through the grouping or exclusion of stakeholders. Moral complexity absorption entails conducting practical moral discourse as described by discourse ethicists like Benhabib (1992) and Habermas (1990). Both strategies have important limitations, so a hybrid strategy is recommended for circumstances when at least some stakeholders are able to participate in a practical moral discourse.


In this paper, a kind of novel water-soluble chitosan-polydopamine (CHT-PDA) nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) around 10 nm were reported by the combination of self-polymerization of PDA and electrostatic complexation between PDA and CHT in water/DMSO (W/D) mixture at the molar fraction of DMSO (xDMSO = 0.37). The preparation method was efficient with a yield of 98% around. The as-prepared water-soluble CHT-PDA nanoparticles exhibited effective UV-screen ability, enhanced visible-light transmittance and good cytocompatibility via MTT assay, which might be used in transparent formulation for UV protection usage, especially in biological field including sun care application.


Community reaction to helicopter noise remains only a partially answered question. While the A‐weighting appears to work out of doors and at modest noise levels, and the community response in terms of percent of population highly annoyed can be correlated with respect to the DNL (day/night level) descriptor, questions remain as to the role of perceived building vibrations in the response of people to helicopter noise. Does hearing windows rattle, or ceiling tiles rattle, objects in the room rattle, or the general perception of building vibration increase the public's adverse response to helicopter noise? The purpose of this study was to examine the growth in human response to helicopter noise as the noise levels grow from modest levels to fairly high levels. At the higher levels the noise will excite vibrations in building elements and objects within the structure. The purpose of this study was to discover a shift in the growth in human response (if any) to increasing noise which can be related to these v...


In a previous paper (see Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM Conference, vol.2, p.842-6, Nov. 2000) we applied the MAP-SPC decoding technique to the decoding of short Hamming codes. In this paper, further results are presented for longer Hamming codes. This technique achieves performance gains of approximately 1 dB and 7 dB over hard algebraic decoding in the AWGN and fading channel respectively. Although this decoding strategy is suboptimal compared to ML soft decision decoding, its complexity is relatively low and grows linearly with increasing block length. In addition, the decoder is simple to implement.


Our current understanding of the evolution of solar-type stars suggests that after a period as a red giant star, during which mass loss occurs continuously in the form of a stellar wind, a period of intense mass loss known as a superwind occurs, during which a significant fraction of the envelope of the star is ejected into space, forming the material from which a planetary nebula (PN) will be constructed. It has been suggested that this superwind ejects material from the star in a toroidal or disc-like fashion, rather than isotropically. Here we present Hubble Space Telescope optical images of a toroidal superwind caught in the act: our images of the carbon star IRC+10216, which is believed to be in the final stages of red giant evolution, show that most of its optical emission is a bipolar reflection nebula. We show that the full spectral energy distribution and these images can be modelled as an equatorially enhanced dusty superwind, providing the first direct observational support for the toroidal superwind model, and supporting the 'interacting winds' model of PN formation.


corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), and chief researcher at the A F Ioffe Institute of Physics and Technology (IPT) RAS, passed away on December 19, 2021. Vadim L'vovich was born on June 4, 1934 in Leningrad. He was the son of the well-known physicist Lev Emmanuilovich Gurevich. In 1956, V L Gurevich graduated from the Physical Department of Leningrad State University and began working at the Institute of Semiconductors of the USSR Academy of Sciences (ISAS). In 1960, he defended his candidate thesis and, in 1965, his doctoral thesis; in 1971, he was conferred the rank of professor. The same year, Vadim L'vovich organized the Sector of Physical Kinetics at ISAS. After the ISAS and the A F Ioffe Physical Technical Institute united in 1972, this sector moved over to PTI, where V L Gurevich had been working till the end of his life. His most well-known achievements in theoretical physics (together with Yu A Firsov) include the prediction in 1961 of magnetophonon resonanceÐa new type of oscillation of a conductor's kinetic coefficients in a strong magnetic field due to resonant energy absorption upon the transition of charge carriers between Landau levels with the participation of longitudinal optical phonons. As a result, specific magnetophonon oscillations of magnetic resonance, periodic in magnitude, inverse magnetic field, were observed in some semiconductors. This important phenomenon was found in a whole number of materials and underlay the method of magnetophonon spectroscopy of electrons and phonons. Studies of magnetophonon resonance in semiconductors, carried out together with experimentalists, were reported by A V Gurevich in 1964±1965 at academician P L Kapitza's seminars at the Institute of Physical Problems, at FIAN, and at a section of the Division of General and Applied Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In recent years, studies of magnetophonon oscillations have been concentrated on twodimensional nanostructures and other low-dimensional systems, e.g., graphene. Together with V G Skobov and Yu A Firsov, Vadim L'vovich predicted giant ultrasound absorption oscillations in metals in a magnetic field and developed a theory of this effect. This interesting and at first glance unexpected effect turned out also to be important for a certain type of electromagnetic waveÐso-called helicons. Well known are studies by Vadim L'vovich and his coauthors on the theory of ultrasound amplification by the drift of charge carriers in semiconductors. In these works, he formulated a consistent linear and nonlinear theory of the amplification effect in different regimes. For a series of studies on the development of theoretical bases of acoustoelectronics, V L Gurevich (along with I A Viktorov, Yu V Gulyaev, and V I Pustovoit) was awarded the 1974 State Prize of the USSR. The abovementioned studies do not at all exhaust the scientific achievements of V L Gurevich. Studies on theory fluctuations, the theory of dielectric relaxation, the theory of low-temperature properties of dielectric and metal glasses, superconductor kinetics, and others should also be mentioned. In a series of studies, V L Gurevich and his disciples S V Gantsevich and R V Katilyus constructed a consistent theory of fluctuations near a nonequilibrium but stationary state. A specific correlation of fluctuations due to electronelectron interaction was examined. An important role was played by V L Gurevich's works conducted together with his disciple A K Tagantsev on the dielectric relaxation theory, developing the theory of highfrequency losses in dielectric (and ferroelectric) crystals. A systematic analysis for crystals of different symmetries is presented in the frequently cited review in the journal Advances in Physics and also in V L Gurevich's monograph, Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 192 (2) 229 ± 230 (2022) Translated by M V Tsaplina PERSONALIA PACS number: 01.60.+q


Apparently the brain-child of Jacques Delors, President of the EC Commission, the European Economic Area is said to have been conceived as a means of dissuading the EFTA countries from applying for membership of the Community. Whether it will have this effect remains to be seen. At the present time, most of the EFTA countries have applied for Community membership, but it is by no means certain what the final outcome will be. In several countries, referendums will be necessary and, as we know, these are unpredictable. The idea behind the EEA is to give the EFTA countries all the free-trade advantages of EC membership, without making them part of the EC political system. All the rules of Community law regarding free movement of goods (but only as regards products originating in the Contracting States), persons, services and capital apply—with only slight modifications—to the EFTA countries, as do the rules of EC law relating to competition and state aid. This has great attractions, but also serious drawbacks. In particular, it means that the EFTA countries will have to apply a system of rules in the making of which they will have virtually no say/


Game design is a hard and multi-faceted task that intertwines different gameplay mechanics, audio, level, graphic, and narrative facets. Games' facets are developed in conjunction with others with a common goal that makes games coherent and interesting. These combinations result in plenty of games in diverse genres, which usually require a collaboration of a diverse group of designers. Collaborators can take different roles and support each other with their strengths resulting in games with unique characteristics. The multi-faceted nature of games and their collaborative properties and requirements make it an exciting task to use Artificial Intelligence (AI). The generation of these facets together requires a holistic approach, which is one of the most challenging tasks within computational creativity. Given the collaborative aspect of games, this thesis approaches their generation through Human-AI collaboration, specifically using a mixed-initiative co-creative (MI-CC) paradigm. This paradigm creates an interactive and collaborative scenario that leverages AI and human strengths with an alternating and proactive initiative to approach a task. However, this paradigm introduces several challenges, such as Human and AI goal alignment or competing properties. In this thesis, game design and the generation of game facets by themselves and intertwined are explored through Human-AI collaboration. The AI takes a colleague's role with the designer, arising multiple dynamics, challenges, and opportunities. The main hypothesis is that AI can be incorporated into systems as a collaborator, enhancing design tools, fostering human creativity, and reducing workload. The challenges and opportunities that arise from this are explored, discussed, and approached throughout the thesis. As a result, multiple approaches and methods such as quality-diversity algorithms and designer modeling are proposed to generate game facets in tandem with humans, create a better workflow, enhance the interaction, and establish adaptive experiences.


review, 53 papers proceeded to full text review. Hand-searching the reference lists of these articles identified six additional articles. Following full-text review, 29 articles were retained (Figure 2); 9 related to QoL, 16 related to treatment adherence, and 8 related to cost (Table 1). Only one cost-effectiveness analysis of a PtDA was identified. This three-arm randomized trial was described in two separate articles(68,69). It investigated the use of a PtDA with and without a nurse interview, in women with menorrhagia, compared to usual care. They found that the PtDA plus interview strategy was dominant, by incurring lower costs (£1,030) and higher QALYs (1.582) compared to the PtDA alone (£1,333, 1.567) or usual care (£1,810, 1.574). To consider the broader economic implications relating to the cost-effectiveness of PtDAs, we conceptualized three cost categories that warrant consideration in PtDA studies (Table 2): those related to administration and delivery of the PtDA; shortterm costs (defined as 12-months or less), where competing treatment options can vary


OBJECTIVE
To determine the distribution of integrins and calcium channels on major human and mouse host cells of Leptospira species.

METHODS
The expression of β1, β2 and β3 integrins was detected with immunofluorescence assay on the surface of human monocyte line THP-1, mouse mononuclear-macrophage-like cell line J774A.1, human vascular endothelial cell line HUVEC, mouse vascular endothelial cell EOMA, human hepatocyte line L-02, mouse hepatocyte line Hepa1-6, human renal tubular epithelial cell line HEK-293, mouse glomerular membrane epithelial cell line SV40-MES13, mouse collagen blast line NIH/3T3, human and mouse platelets. The distribution of voltage gate control calcium channels Cav3.1, Cav3.2, Cav3.3 and Cav2.3, and receptor gate calcium channels P(2)X(1), P(2)2X(2), P(2)X(3), P(2)X(4), P(2)X(5), P(2)X(6) and P(2)X(7) were determined with Western blot assay.

RESULTS
β1 integrin proteins were positively expressed on the membrane surface of J774A.1, THP-1, HUVEC, EOMA, L-02, Hepa1-6 and HEK-239 cells as well as human and mouse platelets. β2 integrin proteins were expressed on the membrane surface of J774A.1, THP-1, HUVEC, EOMA, and NIH/3T3 cells. β3 integrin proteins were expressed on the membrane surface of J774A.1, THP-1, HUVEC, EOMA, Hepa1-6, HEK-239 and NIH/3T3 cells as well as human and mouse platelets. P(2)X(1) receptor gate calcium channel was expressed on the membrane surface of human and mouse platelets, while P(2)X(5) receptor gate calcium channel was expressed on the membrane surface of J774A.1, THP-1, L-02, Hepa1-6, HEK-239 and HUVEC cells. However, the other calcium channels were not detected on the tested cell lines or platelets.

CONCLUSION
There is a large distribution diversity of integrins and calcium channel proteins on the major human and mouse host cells of Leptospira species, which may be associated with the differences of leptospira-induced injury in different host cells.


Maleated polypropylene (PPgMA) and Graphene (GP) nanocomposites were prepared directly by microcellular injection and injection-compression molding. Synthesized PPgMA/GP nanocomposite dispersion morphology was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analysis. Thermo-mechanical and electric properties of PPgMA/GP composites were also reported. Furthermore, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness was investigated by injection molding (IM), foamed injection molding (FIM), injectioncompression molding (ICM), and foamed injection compression molding (FICM) methods.


In our present day, global data communication, inexpensive Internet connection and fast paced software development, security has become more and more of an issue. Security is one of the basic requirements in today's world as any type of interaction and storage of data on the internet is becoming unassertive. Protecting the information access and data integrity are the basic security characteristics of computer security. In this system, we have propounded a system which is capable of detecting fire, any gas leakages or if any unauthorized entries have been made and provide the location of the affected region. Raspberry Pi 3 has been used to control this process by integrated with a couple of sensors and cameras. When the fire or smoke sensors detects something they signal the camera and then activates the alarm and the sprinkler motor. The cameras provide a confirmation of the fire and take photographs in order to avoid any false alarm accusations or for insurance purposes. The system will immediately send a message along with the image of the affected spot and device location to the registered email ids which may include the nearby fire brigade. In the case of an intruder or unauthorized entry, the PIR sensor detects it and the camera captures the image and then activate the alarm. An admin can confirm or deny the impeachment by observing the photographs the system send to the registered email ids.


Ultrasonic disintegration is not among the most studied methodologies used for the purpose of cell disruption, according to the literature. The effect of Aspergillus flavus mycelium pre-treatment on ultrasonic disintegration efficiency, as well as optimisation of ultrasonic disintegration conditions for complete release of intracellular components without protein denaturation and loss of enzyme activity, was investigated. The results of ultrasonic disintegration monitored by microscopic analysis, protein quantification and determination of catalase activity were used to define a set of optimal working conditions: pre-treatment application of both quartz sand and lysozyme degradation of cell wall followed by ultrasonic processing for 5 minutes at full cycle and maximal amplitude. Under such conditions of ultrasonic homogenisation, extract obtained after 5 minute homogenization and extract of sediment additionally homogenized for 2 minutes contained a total of 87 % proteins, and 88 % enzyme activity.


Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on sexual behaviors of females in Turkey by also evaluating their male partners.
Method: This study included females (>18 years of age) who were married or had a regular sexual life in the last 6 months and had documented sexual functional status based on the Female Sexual Function Index FSFI) before the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was performed on May-July 2020. The participants were interviewed via telephone call or e-mail. The sexual functions of the females were evaluated using the FSFI and erectile functions of their male partners were evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). The scores obtained before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared.
Results: The study included 116 females with a mean age of 39.83±9.38 years. The total FSFI score of the females during the pandemic was 20.98±7.53. A significant improvement was observed in all subscale scores and in the total score of FSFI as compared with the pre-pandemic period (p


Prolonged lag time can be induced by starvation contributing to the antibiotic tolerance of bacteria. We analyze the optimal lag time to survive and grow the iterative and stochastic application of antibiotics. A simple model shows that the optimal lag time can exhibit a discontinuous transition when the severeness of the antibiotic application, such as the probability to be exposed the antibiotic, the death rate under the exposure, and the duration of the exposure, is increased. This suggests the possibility of reducing tolerant bacteria by controlled usage of antibiotics application. When the bacterial populations are able to have two phenotypes with different lag times, the fraction of the second phenotype that has different lag time shows a continuous transition. We then present a generic framework to investigate the optimal lag time distribution for total population fitness for a given distribution of the antibiotic application duration. The obtained optimal distributions have multiple peaks for a wide range of the antibiotic application duration distributions, including the case where the latter is monotonically decreasing. The analysis supports the advantage in evolving multiple, possibly discrete phenotypes in lag time for bacterial long-term fitness. Author summary Bacteria grow exponentially consuming nutrients, and then starve until the next nutrient is added. During the starvation, the cells enter dormancy and the cells become tolerant not only to starvation but also to other stressors. When nutrients are given to the starved cells, it takes some time before the cells fully "wake-up" and proliferate again. At first sight, it appears that the shorter this lag time the better for the bacteria. However, if the environment may contain another deadly stressor such as antibiotics, it may be better to "over-sleep" until the stressor is gone. Thus, they need to evolve to optimize their waking up strategy in the fluctuating environment. Here we have developed a theory for the optimal strategy for the repeated grow-and-starvation cycles with a fluctuating application of antibiotics. The optimal lag time exhibits a steep transition from immediate wake-up to over-sleep when the severeness of the antibiotics exceeds the threshold. The proposed general framework provides a way to predict the optimal distribution of lag time for various environmental fluctuation, and it may open for possible applications in administrating drug usage for interventions of pathogenic bacteria as well as cancer therapies where drug tolerance of dormant cells are observed.


Orbital emphysema is a serious morbidity which occurs with fracture of orbital bone structures and may lead visual loss. Treatment may include different levels such as simple observation and corticosteroid application to surgical decompression. Fifteen-year-old male patient was applied to our clinic with swelling and pain on his left eyelids due to fist injury. There were no loss of vision or any fracture found on the examination of the patient. Distinct emphysema was found on palpation of the periorbital region. No displaced fracture on the medial wall of the left orbit and orbital emphysema especially filling superior and inferior part of the globe was found on the computerized tomography imaging. Pain with ocular movement and diplopia in lateral gaze developed on patient's follow-up in the clinic. It is observed that the maneuver of the valsalva enhance distinctly both the pain and diplopia in lateral gaze. Therefore percutaneous aspiration-decompression applied with 21 gauge needle under local anesthesia. Patient's complaints were decreased after the intervention. It is observed that the amount of air was disappeared gradually in repetitive computerized tomography imaging. Orbital emphysema seen after trauma of the facial skeleton is usually benign and limits itself. However the valve effect on the fracture line may cause visual impairment. This situation named as forced orbital emphysema and may cause ischemic optic neuropathy. Decompression treatment is had to do in this situation. Needle aspiration-decompression application like our case is a considerably effective and reliable technique in emergency situations.


The radiative decay of an atom with two excited states coupled by an external perturbation is investigated. The differential equations of motion are Fourier transformed and the probability amplitudes are obtained by contour integration. The real parts of the poles in the complex plane are the perturbed energies of the excited states, and the imaginary parts yield the decay characteristics. The decay probabilities of the excited states contain three different decay terms; two exponential decays and one modulated exponential decay. The probabilities of the final states give the frequency distribution of the emitted photons as a function of time. In an Appendix, the Heitler-Ma formalism is used to eliminate the final states of the system, and the resulting equations which contain damping terms are compared with the phenomenological method.


Light in August begins and ends with Lena's wandering and Joe's life is compared to a journey,so their life traces both represented wandering.However,Faulkner used contrast and comparison to show the readers that their wanderings are different.This paper analyzes their different wanderings from two perspectives of spirit and function.Through the analysis,the reader can also understand the greatness of Faulkner.


The study aimed to determine the activity preference, demographic characteristics, and attitudes of the students toward Physical Education at the University of Eastern Philippines. Specifically, it tried to determine the demographic characteristics of the respondents in terms of age, sex, income level, year level, and body build. It also identified the students' activity preferences and level of attitudes towards physical education activities. Furthermore, it tried to find out if there was a significant relationship between the demographic characteristic and the preference of the students in physical education. It also investigated the significant relationship between the demographic characteristics of the respondents and their attitudes towards physical education activities. Finally, it attempted to find out if a significant relationship existed between the students' preference and their attitudes toward physical education activities. The descriptive-correlational survey design was used in this study. A research instrument patterned from Jean Marie Cando was used in gathering the data which were tabulated and analyzed using frequency counts, percentage, weighted mean, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that most of the college students who were 16-17 years of age were dominated by females and were in the second-year level. Most of the students were ectomorphs. Hence, it can be said that they can be trained in a physical education activity. The UEP college students slightly preferred the activities in physical education. However, the preferred physical fitness and Philippine games considering that they can help develop strong bones and muscles needed for their growth. They slightly preferred rhythmic activities, individual/dual sports/games, team sports, and outdoor recreation. The rhythmic activities were more on folk dances, ballroom, and modern dance. They need artistry and skill in body movement. Those who had limited talents in dancing refrained from performing it. Most of the college student respondents favored physical education activities such as training for the women's Olympic team, physical fitness, callisthenic, and regular physical activities. However, some highly favored the value of physical activity as a skilled movement, as a way of participating in group activities, and to release emotional stress. This implies a favorable attitude toward physical education activities. Normally a bodybuilder needs to be trained in any form of physical body activities for a healthy and productive manpower resource.


A fully three-dimensional finite element analysis of curing stresses in cross-ply boron/epoxy composite laminates is presented. Comparisons are made between constant and temperature- dependent material properties and a constitutive model which includes the coupling between stress and temperature dependence of material properties. Also examined is the error introduced by the common assumption of equality of all shear moduli (G12, G13, G23) and certain Poisson's ratios (ν 12, ν13, ν23). Interlaminar stresses near the laminate midplane and 0/90 interface are presented, including effects which occur near the free corner of the laminate. Differences in the three thermal expansion models are found to be significant for the boron/epoxy system in some stress terms and negligible in others. The errors introduced by the coefficient equality assump tions are found to be small. Omission of the stress-thermal expansion interaction term is found to result in substantial underestimates of curing stresses. This is in agreement with the results of previous investigators which included the coupling term in a lamination theory model.


This paper arises from research regarding New South Wales visual arts curriculum in the 1980s and 1990s and is in two parts. Firstly, we outline some aspects of our local curriculum decision-making scene. Originally intending to give an account of the role of the inspectorate, we have amended this objective. Rather we seek a new understanding of the forces driving the examination. This is followed by some preliminary Foucauldian speculation concerning texts, authors and readers. As the paper unfolds, copyright emerges as a key protagonist. With this in mind a brief account of C18 copyright debates and the present expectations in Australian law is noted. The second part of the paper reconstructs a curriculum genealogy as a case study of the 40 plates, using Bill Green's adaptation in Post-curriculum history? of Foucault's tripartite structure of discourses, programmes and effects.


With the recent expansion of data communications networks, computers and terminals from different manufacturers must be interconnected. Before being connected to the network, these interacting elements should be tested to ensure that they conform to the network's protocol specifications. We describe an algorithmic method (which is based on unique input/output sequences and Rural Postman tours) for generating conformance-test sequences that require minimum cost (i.e., run time) and completely cover the state transitions defined by the protocol specification. The technique, which has been implemented as the POSTMAN software package, has been widely used in AT&T Bell Laboratories to generate protocol-conformance tests. This approach can be used to generate tests for valid, inopportune, and illegal messages; for error recovery; and for window-flow-control procedures (see Sherif and Uyar1).


The basic right of children to their identity is violated by the custom in literature popular speech and journalism of referring to girls using the masculine form of words. This form of speech disseminates sexism that is justified by those who regard it as a detail. Use of the masculine to refer in general to the human species indicates that males are the generic representatives of human beings. Among the first information received by little girls is that of their differences from boys. Being a girl implies having different and inferior characteristics. Because of their sex girls will have fewer social opportunities to grow as persons. Although middle class girls of today may receive somewhat different teachings in most of the lower classes as throughout history girls have been taught to be passive and submissive. Girls as subjects have not been a theme of historical recollection. Constructing historical identity of girls is a pending task for human rights.


This article argues for the importance of describing form independently of function, especially for prosodic and phonetic forms. Form and function are often conflated by language-in-interaction researchers when they give descriptive labels to the sound of talk (e.g., "upgraded" pitch, "continuing" intonation), and that tempts researchers to see a given form as having a given function or practice—often one that is influenced by the descriptive label. I argue that we should discipline ourselves to keeping to a purely technical description of any form (practice); that will then make it possible unambiguously to show how that form contributes to a particular function (action), without presuming the relationship to be exclusive. Data are in American and British English.


Recent years have witnessed rapid development of ultrafast electron and x-ray scattering instruments, aimed at enabling the studies of structural dynamics on the fundamental time and length scales [1, 2]. Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) and microscopy (UEM) using a few mega-electron volts (MeV) electron beams is a promising new R&D area which has the potential to open many opportunities for groundbreaking science [3-7].


The study examined the performance of agroforestry practices as a land use option in Atakumosa West Local Government Area of Osun State. The objectives of the study were to examine the various agroforestry practices in the study area, ascertain the benefits inherent in agroforestry practices and highlight the problems associated with adopting agroforestry practices. Multistage random sampling technique was used for the study. Ten communities were first randomly selected in the study area and ten respondents were then randomly selected in each community making 100 respondents.The data used for the study were from primary source and were obtained with the use of structured questionnaire. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, tables and percentages;and ordinary least square regression was used as inferential statistics. The findings revealed that 74% of the respondents were male, 90%married, 91% literates and 83% are mainly farmers. 94% of the respondents cultivated annual crops along side with tree crops. 77% engaged in mixed farming system and66% internalized their labour requirements. The various agroforestry practices identified are scattered trees (32%), home garden (15%),wind break (15%), boundary trees (10%), taungya (10%), alley cropping(10%),shelter belt (5%) and aquaforestry (5%). This may be an indication that adoption of agroforestry practices is gradually being entrenched in the study area. The results of the regression analysis showed that the coefficient of variability is 0.576 which implies that 57.6% of the variability in dependent variable (Y) is being accounted for by the independent variables specified in the model with level of education, experience in agroforestry practices and total land area significant at 5% level, meaning that these variables have important implications for the adoption of agroforestry practices in study area. It was therefore recommended that education of farmers should be prioritized to provide the enablining environment for farmers who are willing to plant trees along with crops and animal husbandry.


This study aims to examine the factors that influence investment decisions in the capital market for accounting students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro. The factors that influence investment decisions in the Capital Market are financial literacy, overconfidence, minimum capital, understanding of investment, and risks. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study were 313 respondents. In this study, the sample technique used is nonprobability sampling with purposive sampling technique so that the sample obtained was 93 respondents. The data in this study were analysed using the assistance of the IBM SPSS version 20 program by testing multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that financial literacy, overconfidence and minimal capital partially affect investment decisions in the capital market. Meanwhile, understanding investment and risk partially has no effect on investment decisions in the capital market. As well as financial literacy, overconfidence, minimal capital, understanding of investment and risk simultaneously affect investment decisions in the capital market.


The properties of steel subjected to deformation have crucial influence on the metal flow path. A good knowledge of such properties is essential for computer simulation of new technologies of casting and rolling of steel at extremely high temperature, close to solidus level. The most important property is the stress-strain relationship. The paper reports the results of theoretical and experimental work leading to development of a methodology of compression testing of samples whose central parts still may be mushy. In such conditions the deformation of tested samples is strongly inhomogeneous and all the well known methods of yield stress curve examination fail due to significant barelling of the sample. The main subjects of the work done were both physical tests and dedicated FEM system allowing the interpretation of the tests' results. The physical tests were done using GLEEBLE 3800 simulator in the Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy in Gliwice, Poland. The testing machine allows the deformation of samples while the last phase of solidification of their central part is still in progress. Computer simulation of physical phenomena accompanying the steel samples deformation at such a high temperature require a good numerical solution being able to deliver a virtual reconstruction of the phenomena with high level of accuracy. The kernel of the simulation system is based on coupled thermo-mechanical model with changing Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com density and mass conservation condition given in analytical form. One of the advantages of the solution is the negligible volume loss of the deformation zone preventing FEM (Finite Element Method) solution from unintentional specimen density variations caused by numerical errors. It is very important for computer simulation of the discussed kind of deformation, where significant actual density changes are observed. The system has to take into account all the phenomena accompanying the compression as well as should also be equipped with inverse analysis model allowing interpretation of tests' results. Example results of computer simulation with the help of the developed system are presented together with calculated yield stress functions characterizing steel deformation at temperature range above 1673 K.


The cytologic findings in the fine‐needle aspirate of 30 cases of cysticercosis presenting as palpable nodules are described. Essential for a diagnosis are identification of parasitic fragments. These include bluish fibrillary structures sometimes with honeycombing, tegument of parasite thrown into rounded wavy folds, and scolex with hooklets and hyaline membrane surrounding it. The inflammatory reaction consisted of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, histiocytes, epithelioid cells, and giant cells in varying proportions.


Plasma heating and spraying of different materials are considered. Data are given on the energy balance of plasma jets. 1t is shown that, using plasma spraying, one can produce coatings and composite materials. Physicochemical processes causing formation of strong bonds between coating and substrate are considered. Experimental investigations of the rate of increase of bond strength for melted particles which are being sprayed on the polished surface of specimens have shown that the main stage in this process is chemical interaction of a particle and the substrate. Data on interaction of 80 pairs of materials are given. These are activated processes, and the activation may be due to heating of the substrate and overheating of the sprayed particles. The effects of different parameters both on the type of reactions and their kinetics are analysed. The activation energy for the formation of a strong bond between metals by· spraying is approximately .half the bond energy of atoms in the metallattice of a


PURPOSE: A backlight unit is provided to change the thickness of a diffusion plate at positions facing light sources, thereby preventing bright lines. CONSTITUTION: A backlight unit includes a reflection sheet(22) mounted on a base frame(21), a plurality of light sources(23) mounted on the reflection sheet, and a diffusion plate(28) mounted on the light sources. The diffusion plate has a surface formed with light dispersion parts(31) at positions corresponding to the light sources. The light emitted from the light sources is radiated to the diffusion plate directly or indirectly via the reflection plate. The light incident to the light dispersion parts is changed in the reflection rate by the convex shape of the light dispersion parts thereby being dispersed in every direction and weakened in the light intensity at the positions corresponding to the light sources.


When care is moved from the hospital to the home the demands for high quality care still remain. For problems arising from the geographical separation of patients and professional caregivers, infor ...


Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) aims to estimate the electrical properties at the interior of an object from current-voltage measurements on its boundary. In this paper, preconditioned reconstruction algorithm which improves the property of iterative convergence has been proposed to solve the inverse problem of EIT. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm is much more stable and efficient compared with normal iterative methods. At the same time, the invertible preconditioners and prior information of human thorax have been discussed in this paper.


Nowadays, security and safety are big concerns in this modern and cyberwar era. Many countries invest some safety infrastructure to ensure their inhabitants for keeping their lives safely. Indonesia is the country with many problems because of urbanization and other challenges. This problem should be solved with smart city solution and it must be able to face the challenge of ensuring the safety and improving the quality of life regarding network centric warfare era. This problem also should be tackled with CCTV analytics with the ability to implement an automatic weapon detection system. It also can provide the early detection of potentially violent situations that is of paramount importance for citizens security. This paper is using deep Learning techniques based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) can be trained to detect this type of object with YOLOv4 model and it proposes to implement CCTV analytics as a platform to process real-time data for monitoring weapon detection into knowledge displayed in a dashboard with accuracy 0.89, precision 0.82, recall 0.96 dan F1 Score 0.90 result on weapon detection with a real time speed of processing with NVIDIA 2080 Ti around of 35 FPS. It will send an early warning notification if the system detects the weapon detection such as a knife, gun etc.


Elizabeth Gumbaketi explored young women's experiences at menarche in Papua New Guinea (PNG). She found that socio-cultural norms around menstruation restricts pre-menarche preparation impacting on young women's menstrual health and wellbeing. Health and Education sectors in PNG are using the results to improve sexual and reproductive health communication of adolescent females.


Understanding the drivers of HIV‐1 transmission is of importance for curbing the ongoing epidemic. Phylogenetic methods based on single viral sequences allow us to assess whether two individuals are part of the same viral outbreak, but cannot on their own assess who potentially transmitted the virus. We developed and assessed a molecular epidemiology method with the main aim to screen cohort studies for and to characterize individuals who are 'potential HIV‐1 transmitters', in order to understand the drivers of HIV‐1 transmission.


The article offers a review of the recent Mexican investigation on the communication messages published in the most important academic magazines of this country between 1990 and 2002. The diagnostic discusses the main investigation framework and the theoretical emphasis used in this field, and finalizes with an evaluation of the strengths, weaknesses and challenges of the current and future investigation of the communication contents. A total of thirty-five analysis of content are evaluated and a general overview of the conceptual and thematic emphasis dominant in the area is made. The paper highlights that the most abundant type of study made in the period of thirteen years was related to the flow and offer of TV programming, in other words, investigation reports who didn't exactly focus in the characteristics of content but in the number of messages in the programmatic agenda of Mexican television according to origin, type and time of transmission. The second most studied subject which stands out are the international news inspired by the Nomic and the third, studies on the productive routines and professional values implicit in the message content.


This study introduces a systematic methodology whereby different technologies were utilized to download, pre-process, and interactively compare the rainfall datasets from the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Mission (IMERG) satellite and rain gauges. To efficiently handle the large volume of data, we developed automated shell scripts for downloading IMERG data and storing it, along with rain gauge data, in a relational database system. Hypertext pre-processor (pHp) programs were built to visualize the result for better analysis. In this study, the performance of IMERG estimations over the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia for the duration of 10 years (2011–2020) against rain gauge observation data is evaluated. Moreover, this study aimed to improve the daily IMERG estimations with long short-term memory (LSTM) developed with Python. Findings show that the LSTM with Adaptive Moment Estimation (ADAM) optimizer trained against the mean square error (MSE) loss enhances the accuracy of satellite estimations. At the point-to-pixel scale, the correlation between satellite estimations and ground observations was increased by about 15%. The bias was reduced by 81–118%, MAE was reduced by 18–59%, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was reduced by 1–66%, and the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) was increased by approximately 200%. The approach developed in this study establishes a comprehensive and scalable data processing and analysis pipeline that can be applied to diverse datasets and regions encountering similar domain-specific challenges.


Abstract The effect of dissolved hydrogen in soft iron and ferritic low alloy steel on general corrosion was investigated in acid solutions. Hydrogen charging was carried out in 1 to 28 MPa hydrogen at 723 K for 57.6 ks. Weight loss of hydrogen charged ferritic steels was markedly greater than that of hydrogen-free ones, and increased with increasing hydrogen content. Plastic deformation of steels increased the dissolved hydrogen content, and the anomalous corrosion increased with cold working ratio. Anodic polarization curves of hydrogen charged soft iron and low alloy steel in 0.5 kmol/m3-H2SO4 solution exhibited an increase of current density in the passive region in agreement with the corrosion data. This anomalous corrosion was partly recovered by dehydrogenation heating at 573 to 1223 K. The anomalous corrosion was dependent on the residual hydrogen content and independent of the structure. It is suggested that the anomalous behavior is caused by activated internal microdefects in steel formed by hy...


37 Premature cardiac myocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) show 38 heterogeneous action potentials (APs), most probably because of different expression patterns of membrane 39 ionic currents. We aim to develop a method of determining expression patterns of functional channels in terms 40 of the whole-cell ionic conductances ( G x ) using individual spontaneous AP configurations. However, it has 41 been suggested that apparently identical AP configurations were obtained by different sets of ionic currents in 42 a mathematical model of cardiac membrane excitation. If so, the inverse problem of G x estimation might not be 43 solved. We computationally tested the feasibility of the gradient-based optimization method. For realistic 44 examination, conventional 'cell-specific models' were prepared by superimposing the model output of AP on 45 each experimental AP record by the conventional manual adjustment of G x s of the baseline model. Then, G x s 46 of 4 ~ 6 major ionic currents of the 'cell-specific models' were randomized within a range of ± 5 ~ 15% and 47 were used as initial parameter sets for the gradient-based automatic G x s recovery by decreasing the mean 48 square error (MSE) between the target and model output. When plotted all data points of MSE - G x relation 49 during the optimization, we found that the randomized population of G x s progressively converged to the 50 original value of the cell-specific model with decreasing MSE. To confirm the absence of any other local 51 minimum in the global search space, we mapped the MSE by randomizing G x s over a range of 0.1 ~ 10 times 52 the control. No additional local minimum of MSE was obvious in the whole parameter space besides the global 53 minimum of MSE at the default model parameter.


In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), three-dimensional scenarios are always ignored, even though they are attractive for their effectiveness in land use. Focusing on those scenarios, we propose and prove their severe impacts on the performance of a vehicular network. We first conduct a transmission experiment. The results prove that the existence of those scenarios induces the inter-layer communication, and then significantly reduces the transmission range. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the variation of the transmission range makes an enormous difference in the neighbor number, which severely affects the network performance. At last, our extensive simulations show that the aforementioned analysis are in fact quite accurate.


The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) approximately decorrelates a fractionally di erenced (FD) process, allowing for simple maximum likelihood estimation of the FD process parameters using the wavelet coeÆcients. In previous work we have established limit theorems for the parameters based on a model where scales are uncorrelated and two simple models for withinscale correlation, namely, white noise and a rst order autoregressive (AR) process. Here we assess the adequacy of these simple models for handling betweenand within-scale correlations. We compare the performance of these simple models for estimating the FD process parameters against procedures that use longer wavelet lters (to reduce between-scale correlations) and use AR models of higher order (to more precisely model within-scale correlations).


Research-question: Which key activities do companies use to create value together with theircustomers through social interactions?Purpose: This study aims to investigate which activties the interviewed companies use in theirvalue-creation processes with their customers through social interactions.Method: The research question was examined by using a qualitative research design, throughsemi-structured interviews. A purposefull sample of eight respondents with different positions,from various companies operating in multiple fields.Conclusion: The study indicates that the interviewed companies use different kinds of keyactvities in their value-creation processes with their customers through social interactions. Someof the activities were shared in all of the companies, and some are more commonly used and hasproved to be more efficiant than others. Regardless of which activities were used by thecompanies, and regardless of which company, there was a similar process used by all companies:the company sends out output, this output reaches the customers and engages them. The processis driven by this engagement and through this engagement the company can gain information andknowledge, which they use to improve and make changes that are necessary to better match theircustomers' needs and wishes. The improvements that are implemented by the companycontributes to the customers' engagement and encourages them to continue with their socialinteractions with the company.


Nuclear power plants (NPP) require continuous monitoring of various process parameters such as temperature, pressure and flow etc. for safe and reliable operation of the plant. Smart pressure transmitters (SPT) are increasingly being used in the nuclear industry over conventional pressure transmitters. Smart pressure transmitter offers the potential to improve safety and reliability for NPP by use of their advance featuressuch as self-diagnosis, remote configuration for field communication, etc. This has simultaneously increased the complexity of the smart transmitter and added additional challenges in reliability area. Therefore, it is important to assess the reliability of SPTs before their use in safety critical systems. This paper represents the findings from accelerated life testing and performance evaluation study carried out on smart pressure transmitters. An experimental investigation of 9 SPTs has been carried out by subjecting to accelerated thermal ageing under different temperature conditions [60°C, 70°C and 80°C] for approximately 4 months. Thestudy focused mainly on deriving the performance parameters from calibration, power supply and load variation effect, insulation resistance tests. The important parameters measured are the accuracy, repeatability, hysteresis etc. It was observed from the study that the performance of SPTs degrades due to ageing of its internal components such as sensors, electronic circuits, insulation degradation, etc. Based on the performance data obtained from the testing, the degradation models have also been developed for remaining useful life estimation of SPTs.


A tone control circuit is described which allows a large choice in the high- and low-frequency attenuation or boost and in the position of the tone compensation curves over all the acoustic spectrum. These two controls, which are completely independent, are obtained with structurally simple RC networks. This tone control is included in a preamplifier for music reproduction. The compensation and equalization curves are reported in the paper and the characteristics of the complete preamplifier are described.


Surface electromyography has been a useful tool for physicians and investigators to evaluate and diagnose temporomandibular disorders, to examine the role of masticatory muscles in specific tasks, and to verify the effect of therapeutic resources in temporomandibular disorders patients. However, the lack of standardization of the methods and equipment used during the surface electromyography examination has been the target of criticism among researchers. The purpose of this article is to describe the materials, equipment and surface electromyography protocol used to evaluate temporomandibular disorders patients at the Piracicaba Dental School - University of Campinas –Brazil. This experimental protocol is used successfully in the majority of cases seen in Electromyography Laboratory at Piracicaba Dental School.


Diagonal tension analysis of flat panels in shear is commonplace in aircraft design; such an analysis is presented in detail in the Royal Aeronautical Society Structures D.S., 02.03 series. In their present form, although well presented, they are time consuming and laborious to the engineer. It is therefore desirable to transform these data sheets into a form which can be easily programmed for solution by computers. The aim of this paper is to present such a format. The method is adequately covered in the data sheets, but important points are listed here. A step by step procedure for the analysis is given with a suggested programme input sheet and output format. An example is given with corresponding output data to be used for programme check-out purposes.


The article analyses the social effects produced by the heterogeneous use of space in eighteenth-century circulating libraries, as well as in contemporary public libraries. On that basis it questions the adequacy of the concept third space or third place, which has figured as a descriptive commonplace in library discourse at least for ten years. The author argues that the library profession has uncritically adopted Oldenburg's understanding of the term, which in fact misses the central aim of public libraries. What she suggests is a reinterpretation of the concept for today's library practice. The paper concludes with a broader reflection on how to think of the library in the 21st century.


EVALUATION as a laborat,ory tool is basically a means of communication. It is used to compare test efficiency against a standard (patient groups of diseases and conditions) and as a means of conveying information between technologists within a laboratory and also between laboratories. Evaluation studies have been conducted and their results have been transmitted locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally. Three other points about evaluations in labora,tory practice should be remembered: * Evaluation studies are a necessary and effective means of gathering information. * They are a means rather than an end and as such are, or at least should be, part of a more broadly defined endeavor. * Evaluations should be properly designed to reach the desired objectives. Evaluation studies of serologic tests for syphilis have been conducted in the United States by the Public Health Service since 1935. The first Public Health Service evaluation study (1) was made to determine the reliability of several serologic tests foir syphilis then in use in this country. All authors of tests or those who had modified preexisting procedures were invited to participate. When a test-author had originated two procedures, one test was performed by his designee in a laboratory in a different city. More than 1,200 blood and spinal fluid specimens were distributed to the participants. The donors included patients in several stages of syphilis infection and presumably nonsyphilitic persons with and without other diseases or specified conditions. Results were evaluated as to specificity and sensitivity in each of the several disease categories. This study was considered successful since (a) it allowed all testing to be performed by the test-author under nearly idea,l conditions, (b) the relative efficiencies of several tests authored in this country were determined for the first time, and (C) data acquired indicated that the most efficient flocculation-type tests were as efficient as complement fixa,tion tests for testing either blood or spinal fluid. Some tests did not fare well in this study and many are no longer used. Test names such as Brem, Johns, Lufkin-Rytz, Ruediger, and Williams may not be remembered by many. T'he report of this study had wide distribution and probably had an effect on tests that were later adopted by laboratories. Thus the study was a contribution as a means of communication and effective in gathering pertinent and needed information in an unbiased manner. Had these results been all that had been expected of this evaluation study, it would haze stopped here. The real objective of the major endeavor in which this study was a small but significant part was to attain and maintain the high level of efficiency in serologic testing in all laboratories in the United States that would be needed to support,an effective syphilis control program. Finding that test X did well in the hands of the author did not indicate that it would necessarily be performed with equal efficiency by others. It was therefore necessary to evaluate the performance of these tests in other laboratories. Mr. Harris is director, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory, Communicable Disease Center, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Ga. This paper is based on one presented at the Florida Public Health Association meeting, Jacksonville, October 6,1961.


We consider the problem of justifying vertex weights of a tree under uncertain costs so that a prespecified vertex become optimal and the total cost should be optimal in the uncertainty scenario. We propose a model which delivers the information about the optimal cost which respect to each confidence level \(\alpha \in [0,1]\). To obtain this goal, we first define an uncertain variable with respect to the minimum cost in each confidence level. If all costs are independently linear distributed, we present the inverse distribution function of this uncertain variable in \(O(n^{2}\log n)\) time, where \(n\) is the number of vertices in the tree.


Transnational discovery—the process of obtaining evidence in one country for use in legal proceedings in another—is increasingly important in contemporary international civil and commercial litigation. It is particularly challenging because different national rules exist both as to what information can be obtained and how, and by whom, it can be acquired. This chapter reviews a range of practical and legal challenges that practitioners may face when taking evidence in one national jurisdiction for use in another. It surveys existing multilateral instruments on the subject, in particular the Hague Convention on the Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil or Commercial Matters, the Inter-American Convention on Taking Evidence Abroad and its Additional Protocol, and EU Regulation No. 1206/2001. It also describes in some detail relevant U.S. rules and concludes by summarizing some of the growing challenges presented by the taking of electronic or digital evidence located within one country for use in another.


Although economic analysis permeates many areas of the law, there are comparatively few economic studies regarding the inner workings of labor unions. Law and economics scholars have tended to focus on the question of whether unions should exist at all; liberal academics have shown more interest in relations among union members, but they often shy away from economic analysis, perhaps out of a distaste for the commodification of labor. Adopting the tools of the former school to address the concerns of the latter, author Jeffrey Follett sets out a model of labor union behavior based on theories of efficient markets. He argues that the best means of promoting individual freedom is to encourage competition at the level of the "internal union market" (among individuals and factions of workers within unions) and the "external union market" (among would-be representatives). In order to promote competition, the author advocates a system of mandatory unionism that incorporates court-enforced union power to discipline union members who defect from strikes. Despite the compulsory nature of this system, Follett believes that resulting market efficiencies will provide a greater level of protection for individual freedoms than does the traditional "individualist" model applied by the Supreme Court in Pattern Makers'.


In 141 patients with ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament, open-door expansive laminoplasty was done from 1980 to 1998. A follow-up study was made. 10 patients with cervical cord injury and cerebral diseases before or after operation were excluded. 121 of 131 patients were followd directly one to fifteen years(mean: 5 years and 3 months). Subjects included 93 male and 28 female. At the time of operation, their ages ranged from 40 to 80 years(mean:59.5). Operative results were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association's Score(JOA Score) and Hirabayashi's improvement rate. X-ray was taken to measure the range of cervical spine motion, curvature of the cervical spine and progression of ossified masses. Preoperative JOA scores ranged from 2 to 14 points(mean:9.1), postoperative JOA scores ranged 7 to 17 points(mean:14.1). The mean improvement rate was 62%. The range of cervical spine motion decreased from 26.6 degrees prior to operation to 10.8 degrees after operation. Lordotic curvature also fell from 11.8 degrees before operation to 6.6 degrees after operation. In 20 patients, the postoperative kyphotic curvature increased to 5 degrees of more, although no difference was seen in their improvement rates compared with patients whose lordosis remained unchanged. 80 of 121 patients experienced progression of ossified masses. Three patients underwent additional laminectomy due to progression of ossification or insufficient expansion. Operation took an average 80 minutes and mean amount of blood loss was 215 ml. No patients had postoperative motor paralysis caused by C5 or C6 nerve damage and no serious complications were seen.


The presented work deals with the Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships (QSAR) analysis for the growth inhibition of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis by a mechanistically diverse set of aliphatic organic compounds. A pool of 1509 theoretical descriptors coding for lipophilic, constitutional, steric, and electronic properties of these molecules is calculated with the Dragon software. The simultaneous linear regression analyses on 370 compounds led to a five-parameter model characterized by R=0.909 and leave more out Rl-30%-o=0.843. An external test set of 100 structurally related derivatives that is not employed during the model development demonstrates that the relationship found shows good predictive power, with Rval=0.881. Finally, the application of this subset of descriptors on the complete set of 470 aliphatic structures outperforms previous reported results. Our study corroborates that hydrophobicity, calculated among more than a thousand of structural variables, represents an important factor for predicting the toxicity of aliphatic compounds.


A significant place of modern acoustics problems is occupied by the necessity of surfaces reflections construction of the 2nd order and more complex ones. Due to the proposed systematization of reflecting surfaces on the principle of surfaces of normal to their generatrix, reflective surfaces are divided into five groups. The first group includes reflectors with beams of parallel direct normals to generatrices of developable surfaces. As reflectors, the developable surfaces are convenient to use, they are easy to create, are scattered and their transformation makes it possible to universalize the spectacle halls by changing the position of the reflecting screens and their shape, which affects the formation of zones of sound energy reception, its concentration or dispersion, and also due to the transformation it is possible to change the time of reverberation in the spectacle halls. Developable surfaces are tangent to the intersection of the two surfaces of the second order or the double method, which is the method of running two surfaces of the second order or second order curves, or two curves of the second order. On the basis of these methods, the article deals with general methods of constructing developable surfaces of the 4-8th order of 3 and 4 classes and researches the properties of the congruence of the reflected rays, and, on the example of time cases, variants of the implementation of applied problems are offered. These cases are considered as most adaptable to the mechanical solution of the problem of constructing reflectors: developable surfaces obtained by rolling plane on two curves of the second order, which lie in parallel planes, perpendicular or at an angle. Due to the well-known equation of single-valued correspondence for the creation of torso surfaces, there is an analytical description of the surfaces of reflected rays. The congruence of normals of the developable surfaces is divided into a plane of parallel lines. The two-parameter set of reflected rays is divided into flat beams of straight lines, which can be constructed in two ways: relative to the surface of normal or tangent to the generatrix of the developable surface.


An arbitrary function generator has been designed for electromagnetic insertion devices at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). It allows control of up to eight correction coils and provides switching signals to the main power supply of the insertion device. In this article, we discuss two applications of the arbitrary function generator with the electromagnetic insertion devices at the APS. The effectiveness of the arbitrary function generator for both magnetic field correction and minimizing orbit distortion in the storage ring is shown.


An emerging framework for multimodal assessment of addictions (Kwako et al., 2016), and expanded definitions of acceptable endpoints for alcohol treatment trials (Food and Drug Administration, 2006) are informing efforts toward personalized treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). A critical issue in determining for whom an intervention will work lies in the definition of clinical trial endpoints. The six articles in this virtual issue of Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research illustrate recent progress in identifying predictors of alcohol treatment outcome, and pioneering work on the stability and validity of promising non-abstinent (e.g., low-risk drinking) clinical trial endpoints. As a set, the articles highlight how definitions of AUD treatment outcomes or trial end-points can influence the identification of predictors of clinical course. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Estimates of regional population sizes in the Northern Rio Grande region (NRG) of New Mexico during the Coalition period (A.D. 1200–1350) have been used to infer large-scale immigration from the central Mesa Verde region of southwestern Colorado after A.D. 1250/1275. Here we compare the most recent population estimates for these two regions and critically examine the assertion that the Tewa language was brought to the Tewa Basin within the NRG through large-scale immigration from the central Mesa Verde region. Our results suggest that the number of immigrants in the Tewa Basin, who were likely refugees of violent conflict and famine, represented less than half the total population, and thus was likely insufficient to precipitate language replacement. This finding, combined with recent research identifying Late Developmental period (A.D. 900–1200) villages in the Tewa Basin with Tewa names, and the previously described continuity in material culture and architecture, suggests the Tewa Basin is likely the ancestral homeland of the Tewa.


Based on the background of China's new economic development and the new development pattern of domestic and international double cycle, this paper systematically sorts out the relevant liquor industries and Chinese literature on the formation of "new development pattern with domestic great cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycle promoting each other", and systematically analyzes the paths and countermeasures for promoting the liquor industry into the new development pattern of double cycle from the perspective of the industry chain of the liquor industry. Through the literature review and research, we can have a clear grasp of the development of the liquor industry, and provide a certain theoretical basis for the liquor industry to integrate into the new development pattern of double cycle and long-term sustainable development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period and a long time in the future.


Objective: The aims of the study were to: (i) screen for PTSD among subjects older than 15 years old living in the Ercis-Van region nine months after the earthquake; and (ii) examine the socio-demographic, clinical and trauma-related factors of PTSD diagnosis. Method: At the time of the earthquakes, the population of Ercis-Van region was 1,050,000. We selected 1498 participants in these areas: 996 from Van and 502 from Ercis, centers using a stratified sampling frame (Kish design). Demographic information, trauma related experiences and past psychiatric history was obtained via sociodemographic survey. The PTSD module of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), along with depression, dysthymia, social anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder structured interview modules were used to directly elicit clinical information. Results: We found that PTSD was prevalent 35.5% among Van earthquake survivors. Analysis of binary Logistic regression showed risk factors, which included some trauma related losses, pre and post traumatic experiences. These risk factors are being female, having depression, loosing any family members or relatives, being unemployed, having serious familial conflicts, severe financial loss, and temporary relocation. Discussion: Our results indicate that in addition to being women, having depression, trauma related losses, like previous traumatic experiences, some pre and post traumatic risk factors are important for development of PTSD. Therefore, after the traumatic event, community based interventions should be structured based on these pre and post disaster risk factors.


Purpose: To evaluate the changes in retinal nerve ber layer (RNFL) thickness following mechanical
microkeratome assisted laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) Material and Methods: This
hospital based prospective study was carried out on 56 patients with myopia between -1 and -8.5D and myopic astigmatism of
upto -2.5D, who underwent LASIK at the LASIK Centre in the Postgraduate Department of Ophthalmology, Government
Medical College, Srinagar for a period of one and a half year (from April 2018 to October 2019). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was
noted at all pre and postoperative examinations. RNFL thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography(OCT)
prior to the surgery and at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Results: The mean age of the patients was 26.9± 4.71 years
…. The study included 30(53.5%) males and 26(46.4%) females. At the end of 3 months, the mean spherical equivalent of
refraction was -0.25 ± 0.469 compared to a preoperative mean of -4.71 ± 2.043. The mean pre-LASIK RNFL thickness was
105.24±5.43μm and the mean RNFL thickness post-LASIK was 103.96±6.25 μm, and 104.76±5.27μm at 1 month and 3 months
respectively. The difference in the RNFL thickness before and after LASIK was not statiscally signicant (p value>0.05).The IOP
was within the normal range both pre and postoperatively. Conclusion: LASIK performed in young myopic subjects does not
signicantly affect the retinal nerve ber layer thickness as determined by optical coherence study.However the long term
effects of the procedure on the optic nerve and RNFL are not clear and require further evaluation.


Using Ti and Al powders doped with CuO powder as raw materials,Al_2O_3 partcle reinforced TiAl matrix composites were in-situ synthesized by vacuum hot-pressing.The reaction process and the effects of doping CuO on phases and microstructure of the composites were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results show that the aluminium powders are melted at first in sintering,and then Ti and CuO particles are wetted with melted aluminium and reacted each other.Intermediate Al_3Ti phase appears at 800 ℃.The final composites,which consists of TiAl,Al_2O_3 and Al_(6.1)Cu_(1.2)Ti_(2.7),are synthesized successfully by hot pressing at 1000 ℃.The matrix phase is composed of TiAl and Al_(6.1)Cu_(1.2)Ti_(2.7),and the reinforcement is Al_2O_3 generated by replacement reaction of Al and CuO.The fine Al_2O_3 particles are mainly distributed around the matrix.The phases of Al_(6.1)Cu_(1.2)Ti_(2.7) and Al_2O_3 are proportionally increased with the increase of CuO amount.