The Cluster system havebeen the hotspot in researching computer architecture since 1990s, with the developingof performance of CPU, the super computers are almostbased on the cluster system. The essay discusses the use of the technology of cluster system in low- level pcs, and it puts forward a idea of usage of those pcs which will be eliminated through selection or contest.


The aim of this report was to compare the treatment of in-hospital pneumonia with
tigecycline and colistin. To do this, the search for information was made through Pubmed,
where the published evidence was evaluated. The intrahospital pneumonia treatments
presented by the Clinical Practice Guidelines were used: Edgardo Rebagliati Martins
EsSalud-Lima National Hospital, Argentina, Mexico and the National Institute of
Excellence in Health and Care (NICE), in comparison with the Almanzor Aguinaga
Hospital Asenjo EsSalud - Chiclayo, 2017. These data were collected through the
pharmacotherapeutic follow-up sheets in the Intensive Care Unit Service. A similarity was
observed in clinical practice guidelines: treatment of intrahospital pneumonia with colistin.
It was concluded that the Hospital Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo EsSalud-Chiclayo, 2017,
shows similarity with the Clinical Practice Guide of the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins
EsSalud National Hospital and the Clinical Guide Argentina, with the treatment of colistin,
except with tigecycline. Unlike the Mexican Clinical Guide and NICE, which does not
mention it


splits the vaginal tube up to the lateral fornix may be required for access, particularly if there is associated gynatresia. The mobilization of the upper border of a high fistula is greatly facilitated by deliberately opening the pouch of Douglas behind the cervix and drawing down the rectum. This was discovered by chance when the pouch was accidentally opened during a difficult repair, but had been described before (Mahfouz 1934). The technique illustrated in Figs 2-5 was used for 11 fistulx, all of which were successfully closed at the first attempt.


Introduction: Vision therapy has been shown to be a successful treatment option for basic intermittent exotropia as long as a complete workup is performed to assess prognosis and appropriate management.

Case Presentation: A 9 year old hispanic male presented to the clinic for a comprehensive exam and was subsequently diagnosed with a basic type intermittent exotropia with a V-pattern deviation.

After thorough evaluation of binocular skills and accommodative function with a binocular vision evaluation, he was referred for a vision therapy program to improve fusional ranges, accommodative function, and symptoms.

This program consisted of 20 sessions and significantly improved his binocular skills.

Discussion: Basic intermittent exotropia can be treated in various ways. Vision Therapy is a worthwhile option. Surgical correction and overminus treatment have also been effective treatments. Assessment should include the intermittent exotropia control scale and the convergence insufficiency symptom survey. Vision therapy treatments focus on diplopia awareness, antisuppression, and fusional vergence ranges.

Conclusion: Though more research is necessary, vision therapy has been proven to be a very effective treatment option in basic intermittent exotropia.


Nanocellulose was isolated from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fiber, using a combined treatment of acid hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization. Sugar palm fibers (SPF) were initially pretreated with an acid solution to dissolve cellulose. Then, the aqueous solution of cellulose fibers (0.2% w/v) was passed through a high-pressure homogenizer at 20 MPa during 15 cycles to provide sugar palm (SP) nanocellulose. The morphology and structure of SP nanocellulose was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and CP/MAS C-NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that the acid hydrolysis of SP fiber, combined with high-pressure homogenization, produced nanocellulose with increased crystallinity, but it did not change the chemical structure of cellulose.


Based on the development of merchandised mortar inland and abroad,variations,economic efficiency,technological advantages and improvement were introduced.It supplies the references for user and future producer of merchandised mortar.


The aim of the study is a comparative evaluation of the diagnostic value of determining of concentration of cyto-kines in the serum and urine of patients with acute pyelonephritis. Materials and Methods: The study of cytokine profile in blood serum and urine has been performed in 21 patients with acute pyelonephritis aged from 23 to 63 years. The concentration of interleukin (IL-1 p, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) receptor antagonist, IL-1 (IL-1RA), tumor necrosis factor — alpha (TNF-a), C-reactive protein (CRP), in serum and urine of patients under the survey have been determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the appropriate reagent sets «Vector-Best» (Novosibirsk). The study of all these biomarkers in patients with acute pyelonephritis has been performed three times: at admission before antibiotic therapy (1 point); in a 5-7 days-period from the beginning of treatment (2 points); 1.5 months after completion of treatment (3 points,). Results: Before the treatment there has been an increase in levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA, TNF-a, CRP in serum. Simultaneously, the concentration of these substances in the urine has been higher. In 2 and 3-point changes the level of cytokines has been different; however, the content of them in the urine has been determined to be higher than in the serum. Conclusion: Analysis of changes in levels of cytokines and C-reactive protein in serum and urine showed that these biomarkers in acute pyelonephritis may be used as indicators of inflammatory activity. The data received suggest that the study of cytokine levels in the urine may be used to assess the severity of inflammatory changes in the renal parenchyma and in monitoring of therapy effectiveness.


The results of two-year-long studies of rape cultivation in annual mixed forage crops in the low-mountain zone of the Republic of Altai are discussed. The research target was rape in mixed crops with annual cereals and legumes. The trial included two-, threeand four-component mixes. The seeding and crop tending was performed according the standard technologies for this zone. The monitoring and counting was carried out by the standard techniques. The research goal was to study the effectiveness of using rape as a high-protein and high-energy component in mixed annual crops ensuring high productivity and the maximum yield of digestible protein per 1 hectare. The conducted research has shown that the inclusion of rape and legumes in forage mixes increases the yield of fodder units and digestible protein. The creation of highly productive multispecies agro-cenosis ensures obtaining high yields of herbage and dry solids. According to the preliminary research results, the following best mixes are identified for dairy farming in the low-mountain zone of the Republic of Altai: oats (50%) + rape (25%) + vetch (25%), and oats (50%) + rape (25%) + melilot (25%) + vetch (25%). The four-component mix is a thick sowing; the component ratio makes 125%. Thick sowing of annual crops increases the total herbage and protein yield per area unit. Such crops are less damaged by pests, diseases and less suppressed by weeds. Under various weather conditions, these crops are high-yielding and produce tender, nutritional and juicy herbage.


Recent research has established that teachers matter for student achievements, albeit because of dimensions of 'teacher quality' that are largely unexplained. A less closely investigated issue is whether teacher turnover directly harms student academic achievement. In this paper, we examine whether teacher turnover affects academic achievement of 16 year old state secondary school students using a unique data set of linked students and teachers in England. Identification comes from either: a school fixed effects design which exploits year-on-year variation in turnover in different subject groups, within schools; or student fixed effect design that where the variation comes from the cross sectional variation in turnover in different subjects, in the same school, experienced by a student. Both methods give similar results, suggesting that a higher teacher entry rate reduces students' test scores, albeit by small amounts.


This article explains the condition of Indonesia related to diversity, conflict, and violence. It also discusses the religious phenomenon in some parts of Indonesia regions in relation to the conflict and violence. Thus, this article proposes the important of multiculturalism concept to be implemented in Indonesia, concerning social and spiritual capital in the discourse of the concept. There is the need to create synergy of another capitals in a community with social capital. Key word: conflict, violence, religious groups, multiculturalism, social, spiritual capital ABSTRAK Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang kondisi Indonesia berkaitan dengan keberagaman, konflik dan kekerasan. Artikel ini juga mendiskusikan tentang fenomena reigius dalam beberapa daerah di Indonesia dalam hubungannya dengan konfik dan kekerasan. Karenanya artikel ini menyarankan pentingnya konsep multikuturalisme diterapkan di Indonesia, berkaitan dengan modal spiritual dan sosial dalam wacana konsep. Ada kebutuhan untuk menciptakan sinergi dengan modal lain di dalam masyarakat dengan modal sosial. Kata kunci: konflik, kekerasan, kelompok agama, mutikulturalisme, kapital sosial, spiritual Diversity, conflict, violence, and multiculturalism have been being object to be studied by some researchers. In last ten years, researcher's interest in those themes has increased significantly. Researcher's ways in understanding diversity in Indonesia are not only in by describing identity, but also by seeing the interaction pattern of each group; whether it has conflict in integrative, accommodative, or competitive pattern. One of group identity in which attracts many researchers is religious diversity as one of crucial factors in social interaction among groups. The proof can be found from Clifford Geertz's research (1960) in Mojokunto. Although Geertz's research focused more on diversity on religious variants in Javanese Muslim society, such as santri (student who learns Islamic study), abangan (Muslim but has no enough knowledge of the religion), and priyayi (people who still have aristocratic blood), but he also noticed conflict process and integration between each variant. Geertz had succeeded in presenting important finding about factors behind the different interaction patterns between santri, abangan, and priyayi. Conflict happened among society in Mojokunto was not always only caused by different implementation of religious practices, but also it was caused by different political affiliation of each variant. But, according to Geertz, integration also 1 Correspondence: Wahyudi, Sociology, FISIP, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Malang. Jalan Raya Tlogomas, Malang 65144. E-mail: email@example.com 2 Political variable, it is more on difference of different political affiliation as the causal conflict between, santri, abangan, and priyayi, presented interestingly by Imam Tolkhah in his research Anatomi Konflik Politik di Indonesia: Belajar dari Ketegangan Politik Varian di Madukoro (2001). Madukuro is an alias of one of the villages in Madiun. In conflict studies in Indonesia, Madiun is often drawn as one of political conflict locus with ideological competition background and with horrified escalation and effects. developed among those three variants. It was interesting because integration was exactly caused by cultural factor; that was sense of common culture. Geertz's finding, especially related to non-religious factor as the cause of integration in Mojokuto, has similarity with Passen's (1985) in North Sulawesi. Passen's research location was dwelled by various religioned-background society, but this diversity—according to Passen's analysis—did not influence integration in society; among the groups had good cooperation. Passen found that there was integration factor in cultural mentality of North Sulawesi society. They were loyal to their cultural bound. I also found the same phenomenon in Mojorejo, Batu. Although the village was resided by three religious groups of people; Islam, Pantecost, and Buddhism, but social interaction was dominated by integrative pattern. Mojorejo's society had the same feeling as Mojokuto's (Geertz's finding); that was sense of common culture. So, the religion diversity does not cause social conflict (Syamsul Arifin 2005). Imam Baehaqi, et. al. (2002) also found the same phenomenon in Solo, Yogyakarta, and Salatiga, just like what Geertz had found. Although there were various religion groups in those three research locations, but interaction pattern entirely happened integratively. Culture as Geertz had found also became factor in which could unity various religious groups in Solo, Yogyakarta, dan Salatiga. As Javanese part of society, people in those three location had cultural values such as guyub (willingness to take part in social activity), gotong-royong (cooperation), musyawarah (dialogue to find same voice), rembug (dialogue), and tepa selira (empathy). These values according to Imam Baihaqi et.al. had proved that they could glue relationship among people with various religions. Beside revealing social interaction pattern of various religious groups, previous research also concerning to the grouping phenomenon developed in one religion as it was done by Ahmad Fedyani Saifuddin (1986) in Alabio, South Kalimantan to the members of Muhammadiyah and Nahdatul Ulama (NU). In his research, Ahmad Fedyani Saifuddin had succeded picturing hostility between the members of Muhammadiyah and NU in which rooted on different interpretations about religious lessons. It was then interesting because their different views and religous practices did not always raise hostility. Research conducted by Abdul Munir Mulkhan (2000) proved it. His research Gerakan Pemurnian Islam di Pedesaan: Kasus Muhammadiyah Kecamatan Wuluhan, Jember, Jawa Timur, was not only presenting little different picture from Ahmad Fedyani Saifuddin, but also shifted monolitic image stiked on Muhammadiyah. In Wuluhan, Abdul Munir Mulkhan found two variants of Muhammadiyah which was not only tolerant to religious practices that become point of hostility in Alabio society—Ahmad Fedyani Saifuddin's research location—but also they did it too. Abdul Munir Mulkhan called this variant as Munu (Muhammadiyah-NU) and Munas (MuhammadiyahNasionalist) which was also called Marmud (Marheinist-Muhammadiyah). In social interaction context, those two Muhammadiyah variants considered integration with other groups as the most important thing, although from conception and raligious practice they were totally different (contrary) with Muhammadiyah. This tradition intersection phenomenon was not only happened in the research location of Abdul Munir Mulkhan. Zainuddin Fananie and Atiqa Sabardila also found the same phenomenon in Surakarta. Through research Sumber Konflik Masyarakat Muslim Muhammadiyah-NU: Perspektif Keberterimaan Tahlil (2000), the two In his introduction, Imam Tolkhah named Madukuro as one place in which could not be separated from conflict happened in Madiun. Imam Tolkhah's main focus of course directed to conflict popular as "Pemberontakan Madiun" (Madiun Rebellion) in September 18, 1948. Referred to local informant, Imam Tolkhah showed that there was political escalation in which horizontally taken place between communist—main actor of the rebellion—and Islamic jamaah (santri). In village level, as written by Imam Tolkhah, communists did not only a coup d'etat against village government, but also attacked, kidnapped and even killed Muslim activists. The rebellion was scaring and it was tragic political phenomenon to jamaah around Madukoro. 3 After published by Bentang in 2000, the title changed into Islam Murni dalam Masyarakat Petani. The citation of Abdul Munir Mulkhan's research was based on the book published by Bentang. researchers found another variant in Muhammadiyah community in which they performed tahlil ritual, a religious ritual often criticized by Muhammadiyah because it was considered deviated from sunnah (Muhammad's cutomary practices in life) In addition, there is open conflict in which can come to an end in violent actions to other religious groups. Through his research in Situbondo, Thomas Santoso (1996) found the cause of conflict and violent actions between Muslim and Christian with damaging chuch as the modus operandi. According to Thomas Santoso's analysis, the action of damaging chuch was caused by religious understanding which was claimed to be the most rightful. Society in Situbondo which was famous because of the religiousity (Situbondo itself is called "town of santri") felt in danger for there were increasing number of churchs (Thomas Santoso 1996). In Muslim society, there is development in exlusive religious understanding in which often criticizes other religious understandings. Research conducted by Fatimah Husein (2005) had succeded in showing that there was exclusive understanding in elite of Muslims in which often criticized the concept of God in Christianity. This view then was not only developed in elite, but also spreaded in Moslem middle and tertiary level. This view, of course, influences the Moslems' acceptance to Christians as happened in Situbondo as it was proved by Thomas Santoso. Of course, religious understanding was not the only causal factor of conflicts and violent actions between different religious members. Research conducted by Riza Sihbudi, et.al. (2001) in considered-locations of religious conflict between religions happened such as in Kupang and Mataram was not only caused by religious factor—for example because of the spreadness of religious sentiment to the conflict in Ambon—but also caused by economic disparity especially between native and non-native people. Economic disparity often seemed to be main causal factor to the conflict in Indonesia. Research conducted by Nurhadiantomo (2004) about conflict between native and Chinesse etnic in Solo stated that economic disparity was the cause of the conflict. The interes


The light-induced effect of a-Si films with low impurity concentrations fabricated in the super chamber was investigated. It was confirmed that a reduction of impurity reduces the light-induced effect over a range of more than 1018 cm-3 for oxygen. Furthermore, other factors come to have an influence on the light-induced effect in the low-impurity region. We believe that there are at least two types of light-induced defects, one related to impurities, which may be located below the midgap, and one related to structural properties, which may be located around the midgap. For a further reduction of the light-induced degradation in a-Si films, it is necessary to reduce the impurities in a-Si films and to suppress the creation of dangling bonds around the midgap.


The effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on sperm quality and oxidative stress state of the semen of infertile males remain undetermined.


The present study is a field research that tried to investigate the relationships between the types of organizational culture and organizational commitment in some hotels. The research was accomplished with a group of conventional hotels from Uberlândia, Brazil. The group of independent variables was formed by personal/professional and types of organizational culture. The dependent variable was composed by types of organizational commitment. Besides descriptive statistics, analysis of correlations and multiple regression appear on the study. The results showed the existence of relationships between the types of organizational culture and the commitment types. It was identified that the function culture is the main predictor of the normative and continuance entails and the culture of task of the affective commitment.


In year 2000 the Danish Parliament decided to fund a four-year particle research programme, which should include characterization of physical and chemical properties of the particles in Denmark and their sources and also assess the adverse health effects and the socio-economic impact in the Danish society. The overall objective of the particle programme is to provide new and broader knowledge in Denmark on the health effect of atmospheric particles with the aim to develop strategies to reduce the adverse health effect of man-made and natural sources. The activities should be closely related to other activities in Denmark and internationally. Specifically National Environmental Research Institute (NERI) shall investigate emissions, size distributions, chemical composition, transformation and dispersion of particles. The present report is the mid-term report on the activities at NERI, and is a summary of the experimental results, analysis of particle in relation to sources especially road traffic and the papers published in connection with the programme.


S OF PAPERS 299 A system of first-order logic wherein only closed wffs occur as lines in derivations, and wherein all and only wffs valid in every domain are theorems, can be formulated with five axiom schemata, and modus ponens as sole rule of derivation. Every wff valid in every non-empty domain can be derived in this system from '(3x)(Fx y —Fx)', or from any prenex form opening with an existential quantifier, taken as an assumption formula. Thus the addition of a single axiom (not an infinity, as by a schema) transforms the system into one equivalent to traditional first-order logical systems. {Received Oct. 15, 1963.) ALBERT A. MULLIN. Studies in arithmetic. Circa 300 B.C. Euclid of Alexandria (Elements. Book IX, Proposition 14) stated the spirit, and if one interprets thirdness properly, the essence, of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic (FTA), which is so useful for, e.g., (i) Gddel numbering wffs of axiomatics (or if the reader wishes, for approaching Leibniz' Characteristica Universalis), (ii) serving as the paradigm par excellence for no small part of mathematics (e.g., algebraic number theory a la Kummer-Kronecker-Hilbert); analytic number theory; combinatorial topology, especially graph theory, and less directly through the Fundamental Theorem of finitely generated abelian groups), and (iii) more applied matters of value, such as circuit analysis. This monograph, whose syllabus is available from the author, introduces a new formulation of FTA, which for some good reason no doubt, has escaped the notice of the community, and then proceeds to classify all effective (multiplicative) models for FTA. The models for FTA are collected into three forms (classes of models), viz., (i) the primordial Euclidean form (the product of the first power of primes alone), (ii) the mixed form (in which a model is determined, in general, by both primes and composites as with Gauss' model, circa A.D. 1800), and (iii) the pure non-Euclidean form (in which a model is determined by primes alone). The point of departure for the new method is to use an induction with the Gaussian model for FTA upon itself, i.e., upon the exponents of the Gaussian model for FTA. To this extent the method is analogous to Euclid's Algorithm for the GCD of two natural numbers in that it applies a given rule to a portion of the object obtained from a prior application of the given rule until the process terminates in a finite number of steps. In this mathematico-logical investigation it is shown that modest portions of mathematics (notably algebra, analysis, number theory, geometry, and topology) and mathematical logic (notably recursive function theory, the theory of mathematical induction, and intuitionistic analysis) can be related by a common method, among diverse methods. (Received June 23, 1963.) BRUCE LERCHER. Strong reduction and normal form in combinatory logic. Weak reduction, U ^ V, is generated by axiom schemes for the atomic combinators I, K, S: IX ^ X ; KXY S X; SXYZ ^ XZ(YZ). The left-hand sides are weak redexes. For strong reduction, U >—V, change the " ^ " to ">—" and add the rule: If X )— Y, then [x]X )— [x]Y. The abstraction [x]X is defined by algorithm (abcf) of Curry and Feys Combinatory Logic (where strong reduction was first defined). X is in normal form iff (i) X is an indeterminate; (ii) X = x X i . . . X a , where Xi, . . . , X n are in normal form; (iii) X s [x]Y, where Y is in normal form. (This definition is due to L. E. Sanchis in his Penn State Ph.D. thesis.) Theorem 1. If X is strongly irreducible, then it is in normal form. This is the converse of the main theorem about strong reduction in Combinatory Logic. Examples of preliminary results follow. In each statement, x, xi, . . . , x* are indeterminates not occurring in X. Lemma 1. Let X = [x] Y. Then X is weakly irreducible iff every component of Y which is a weak redex contains an occurrence of x. 300 ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS Lemma 2. If X is weakly irreducible, there is at most one weakly irreducible Y suck that X =s \x]Y. Tkeorem 2. If X is strongly irreducible, there is a weakly irreducible Y such that * [ * l Xk]Y. The proof here is by induction on the number of occurrences of atomic combinators in X. The induction step is handled by a secondary induction on k, where in that induction step, we assume X m [xi, . . . . x*-i]Z and consider cases for the possible forms of Z. All are trivial except Z = SUV. We show there are Yi and Y2 which are weakly irreducible such that U = [x*]Yi, V ss [x*]Y2, and Z m [x*]YiY8. The assumption that Y1Y2 is weakly reducible then is shown to lead to contradiction. Theorem 3. If X is weakly irreducible and there is a i ^ O and indeterminate s yit • • •. y* such tkat [yi, . . . . y*]X is strongly irreducible, then X is in normal form. /Received Oct. 14,1963.) JOHN CORCORAN. Generative structure of logics. In his Two-valued Iterative Systems of Mathematical Logic Post gives characterizations of all two-valued logics in such a way as to answer the question: given a set S of truth functions what is the logic which results using S as a set of "primitive functions" ? We continue his work. We characterize all sets of truth functions in such a way as to answer the question: given a truth-function logic L what is the class of all sets S such that S is a primitive set for L? In order to answer this question, we discover which two-valued iterative logics can be based on a single function. We call equivalence classes of such functions Sheffer sets. In order to get a more detailed knowledge of the interrelations among two-valued iterative logics and Sheffer sets, we define a measure which assigns to certain sets of truth-functions numbers which can be thought of as the fractions of the set of all truth functions included in those sets. We show that all two-valued logics and all Sheffer sets are measurable, and we compute their measures. We find that a Sheffer set has non-zero measure iff the corresponding two-valued logic does as well. Moreover, we find that the Sheffer set of the complete logic has measure one-fourth — intuitively, that any one of a quarter of all truth functions can be used as a primitive on which to base a functionally complete logic. Finally, we study the structure relations between two-valued iterative logics and can conclude that the only non-trivial isomorphism between two-valued iterative logics is duality — the function that maps each truth-function into its dual. (Received


The development of prenatal tests to detect structural and chromosomal abnormalities in single and multiple foetuses started some 30 years ago. The use of amniocentesis and analysis of amniotic fluid allowed obstetricians to detect and assess the severity of rhesus disease in the unborn child and decide on the need for early delivery. Today, numerous prenatal testing techniques, including maternal blood sampling, ultrasound, chorionic villi biopsy, and amniocentesis are used to detect a variety of medical conditions in the foetus. The use of molecular diagnosis and other sophisticated techniques allows obstetricians to diagnose many genetic conditions accurately before the baby is born.


The paper examines the occurrence of the office of the protos archon and of the synarchia in Greek cities of the provinces of Pontus et Bithynia and of Thrace, particularly as it concerns its relevance for the relations and reciprocal influences of the two provinces.


By means of adding cineole and/or cis-3-hexanol in a manner so that the total concentration thereof is 0.1-500 mg/L to a beverage having the flavor of a citrus fruit, degradation odor generated by the degradation of aroma components in citrus fruit is masked.


This article outlines the updating and changes made in a new (2005) edition of the UK's "Highway maintenance code of practice". The new edition will be available in print and online. With two other codes of practice, it forms integrated best practice guidance for highway infrastructure management. The new guidance includes the importance of asset management and the launch of a framework for this, and new guidance connected with local transport plans. Changes in performance management and statutory performance indicators are considered including the introduction of efficiency savings. The increased importance of risk management and highway liability are reflected and the use of machine-based condition surveys is included. Guidance is given on tree management and in developments in urban space and integrated street scene management. Detailed information on the effects of climate change, with increasing numbers of severe weather events, is given. Local authorities are requested to consider the maintenance implications of new infrastructure. Policy for highway maintenance should be written into the highway asset management plan. Recommendations are not mandatory but co-ordinated working is proposed.


Properties that mainly determine the thermal performance of a liquid for heat transfer applications are the thermal conductivity, viscosity, specific heat and density. Fluids such as air, water, ethylene glycol, and mineral oils are typically used as heat transfer media in applications such as power generation, chemical production, automobiles, air conditioning and refrigeration. However, their heat transfer capability is limited by their very low thermal conductivity. For enhancement of thermal conductivity of these fluids, much attention has been paid in the past decade to a new type of composite material i.e. nanofluids. Nanofluids are the suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids. Nanoparticles have unique features different from conventional solids liquid mixtures in which mm or micrometer sized particles of metals and non-metals are dispersed. Due to their excellent characteristics nanofluids find wide applications in enhancing heat transfer. A nanoparticles suspension is considered as a three phase system including the solid phase (Nanoparticles), the liquid phase (fluid media), and the interfacial phase, which contributes significantly to the system properties because of their extremely high surface-to-volume ratio in nanofluids. The system engineering approach was applied to nanofluid design resulting in a critical assessment of various parameters in the multivariable nanofluid systems. Understanding the relative importance of nanofluid parameters for heat transfer allows engineering nanofluids with desired set of properties. This review provides an experimental review on the historical evolution of nanofluid concept, heat transfer enhancement of base fluid with nanoparticles and scope of applications of nanofluids.


The Golgi apparatus of the uterine epithelium of the rat starts to increase in size during the transition from diestrus to proestrus and continues to enlarge until it reaches its maximum development in estrus. Regression takes place during metestrus. The accumulation of phospholipid at the base of the epithelial cell, characteristic of diestrus, decreases in quantity as the Golgi apparatus increases in size and reappears as the Golgi apparatus regresses. Both of these changes are responses to circulating estrogen and form part of the complex series of reactions by means of which this hormone exercises its control over reproductive function.


Discrete Fourier transform based on the time domain sequence TCP flow sample x(n) (0,1) standardization sequences. RoQ attack is detected according to it's periodicity etc. A strategy to defense the RoQ attack is proposed. The algorithm of the strategy is given.


There have been speculations about the need to find a new mechanism to explain the colossal magnetoresistance exhibited by this material, having pyrochlore structure and thus differing structurally and electronically from the manganites. We will report here our transport results based on a two band model, with conduction electrons and intermediate valence ions fluctuating between two magnetic configurations. The model has been previously employed to understand transport and thermodynamical properties of intermediate valence Tm compounds and, in its periodic version, to analize the phase diagram. The results obtained with this model for the transport properties of Tl_{2}Mn_{2}O_{7} are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results.


A zirconium alloying composition with a superior cooling water and steam corrosion resistance is provided to be used for a support grating, a structure and a high burn up rate nuclear fuel clothing pipe of an atomic power plant. A zirconium alloying composition comprises: niobium of 1.5 ~ 2.0 weight%, chrome of 0.05 ~ 0.3 weight%, oxygen of 800 ~ 1500 ppm, silicon of 60 ~ 100 ppm, copper of 0.01 ~ 0.5 weight%, iron of 0.05 ~ 0.3 weight%, copper of 0.1 weight%, iron of 0.05 weight%, and remnant zirconium.


The article analyzes the conceptual principles, views and ideas on understanding the nature and forms of interaction of forensic institutions with law enforcement and judicial authorities in the implementation of preventive measures, considers its concept.
The correlation between the concepts of «interaction» and «coordination» has been studied, because one of the main problems that cannot be avoided in the forensic study of the phenomenon of expert prevention is the ambiguity of both scientific understanding and elaboration and practical application of the conceptual and categorical apparatus. In our opinion, the interaction of forensic institutions of Ukraine with other entities in the implementation of preventive activities should be understood based on laws and regulations, coordinated preventive activities of independent bodies to combine opportunities, methods and tools they have, to conduct an effective set of organizational, managerial, technical, scientific and other prevention measures. Interaction is carried out in two forms: procedural and non-procedural (organizational). The procedural form of interaction includes: conducting an examination to establish the circumstances that contributed to the commission of the offense (conducting an examination on preventive issues); establishing circumstances that are important for the prevention of offenses on the own initiative of the expert (use of the expert's right to initiative); participation of an expert in investigative actions as a specialist; participation in the review of the scene and the reproduction of the situation and circumstances of the event; Advice from a specialist on the cessation of crimes can sometimes be provided by a specialist in the process of conducting operational and investigative measures (for example, recommendations for photographing non-commodity documents operatively), etc.
The next type of interaction and coordination of forensic institutions of Ukraine with other entities in the implementation of preventive activities are non-procedural (organizational) measures. In contrast to the procedural form of interaction, the emergence and development of organizational forms is not associated with the requirements of procedural law, but with the participants' awareness of the need for cooperation based on mutual assistance and assistance to each other to more effectively achieve common goals.
The implementation of joint, coordinated preventive activities involves several mutually agreed stages, namely: interaction at the preparatory (information-analytical), main and final stages. It should be emphasized that in the professional literature the number and nature of these stages may differ.


used indices of language development. This study examines its applicability to the acquisition of Irish. MLUm was applied to data from Cian, aged 1;11-3;0. Even when an attempt was made to 'assume the maximum' by counting all possible morphemes, the correlation between a morpheme (MLUm) and a word count (MLUw) was very high (0.99). This agrees with findings for Dutch and points to MLUw being no less sensitive to Irish development than MLUm, as well as being easier to apply and more reliable. MLUw was then applied to the two younger children in the study (aged 1;4-2;1 and 1;10-2;6). Their MLUw values indicate a positive relationship with age in early development up to about 2.0. However, once children enter multi-word speech the relation between MLUw and age weakens. This accords with findings that MLUm rises predictably with age only up to about MLUm 2.5. Clearly MLU must be applied with particular caution to Irish, and as a prelimary to a more sensitive analysis, rather than as a substitute for it.


Provided is a tea composition to invigorate men's sexual capacity, to improve the skin beauty, to promote the growth of children and to enhance the power of concentration. The tea composition for invigorating men's sexual capacity comprises 25-35 wt% of Cornus officinalis S. et Z.; 5-10 wt% of Schizandra chinensis; 10-15 wt% of cinnamon; 20-25 wt% of Cuscuta chinensis LAM.; 10-15 wt% of Alpinia oxyphylla MIQ.; 10-15 wt% of Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC.; and 5-10 wt% of chrysanthemum. Also the tea composition comprises 18-22 wt% of Cuscuta chinensis LAM.; 18-22 wt% of Cornus officinalis S. et Z.; 18-22 wt% of Rubus Coreanus; 13-15 wt% of Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC.; 13-15 wt% of corm of a hemp; 8-10 wt% of Lycium chinense MILL.; 2-3 wt% of Schizandra chinensis; and 2-3 wt% of Glycyrrhizae Radix.


Protein concentration varied in the muscle and gonads of the water bug, Diplonychus indicus Venk. & Rao, based on their size, sex and reproductive activity. Availability of food highly influenced the reproductive strategy of the insects. Under well-fed condition, male bugs showed 63 and 15.2% increase in the amount of protein present in the muscle and testis, respectively. Females showed 32 and 22% increase of protein in their muscle and ovary. Under starvation, the amount of protein in the muscle and gonads of both the sexes decreased drastically. Protein decrease was 7.4 and 14% in the muscle and testis of the male, respectively. In the female, the respective decrease was 7.6 and 10.03% protein in the muscle and ovary. Since the maturation of gonads need large amount of protein, thoracic muscles of the insects of the pre reproductive phase contain only small amount of protein. During the reproductive phase, the male indulges in enforced copulation so that thoracic muscles contain higher amount of protein. After copulation, the females store the sperms in their spermatheca temporarily. Since the spermatozoan itself is a protein, the gonads of the females contain more protein than the muscle. In the post-reproductive phase, the amount of protein present in the muscle and gonads of both the sexes decreased slowly. In general, females are more active than the males, resulting in more protein in the muscle and gonads of females than the males. As the male requires more amount of protein during encumberance, the thoracic muscle of encumbered male contained more protein than the gonads.


Upper Jurassic red bed cover directly on coal measure strata of Permian and Carboniferous system in Yanzhou coal field .A systematical study of chemical and mineralogical compositions of red beds ,pattens of water storing void and water inrush features is made by means of analysis of exploration and laboratory data .Then reach a conclusion that the red bed can store plentiful ground water in some suitable areas with lithologic and structural conditions. As a important source of filling mine shaft ,it often cause water inrush from mining induced fissures into mine workings to threaten coal production.


ABSTRACT Arsenite removal by aerated iron electrocoagulation process was investigated in this present study. Electrocoagulation experiments were executed in a 5L capacity rectangular tank equipped with 14 iron electrodes. Very poor arsenite removal was observed during electrocoagulation without aeration. The external addition of air enhanced the efficiency of electrocoagulation process and complete removal of arsenite was observed from its initial concentration of 1 mg/L by applying the voltage of 5V with 60 min of electrolysis. pH is not showing any significant influence in the electrocoagulation process coupled with external aeration. The sludge generated after electrocoagulation was identified with the help of, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) techniques.


Since its inception in 1973, the Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR) in British Columbia remained a single zone, with the same rules used in every decision made by the Agricultural Land Commission (ALC).  In 2014, Bill 24 divided the ALR into two zones, with each zone governed by different rules.  Zone 1 included the Lower Mainland, Vancouver Island, and the Okanagan regions.  Zone 2 covered the rest of the province, which was about 90% of the ALR.  The Government changed the legislative framework to reflect the diversity of the agricultural land base and to give farmers in Zone 2 more flexibility to earn non-farm income from their agricultural land.  In 2019, the ALR was returned to a single zone with a single set of rules.  Given its historical significance, we evaluated the effects of Bill 24 and found little evidence that the new rules influenced Commission decisions.  Understanding why Bill 24 had little effect provides important insights about creating effective land use policy.


W.B. Mikhael and S.M. Ghosh (see 24th Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Syst., and Comput., 1990) showed that the families of commonly used adaptive algorithms are closely related to each other. In this work, the performance of the algorithms discussed by Mikhael and Ghosh, using the system identification model for noise cancellation, is addressed. Implementational aspects of these algorithms and their computational complexity are examined. Using computer simulations, the successive tradeoff between the computational complexity and system noise cancellation ability, as one proceeds from the Wiener estimate to the LMS with fixed step-size, becomes apparent.<<ETX>>


Hemoglobin Hope β 136 (H 14) Fly→Ala is a mildly unstable hemoglobin variant initially described in 1965 by Minnich et al. in an American Negro family (1). In the following years other cases have been reported among African and American Blacks (2,3). The oxygen affinity, the cooperativity and the 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) interaction of this mutant were demonstrated to be decreased but the Bohr effect is normal (3). Associations of this abnormal hemoglobin with hemoglobin S (2) and with β± thalassemia (S. Charache, personal communication) have been described. In this paper we report a case of hemoglobin Hope associated with β° thalassemia. The patient studied here provides the first example in which the major hemoglobin component within the RBC is hemoglobin Hope.


1. If we assume that the duration of life of a leaf in the rice plant was represented by the period from its full emergence to the time when 50 per cent of area of its blade had yellowed, the leaves on a main stem of the plant fertilized completely with nitrogen, phosphorus and potash, in our experiments, lived for periods as follows: the 6 to 8th leaves for 25 days, the 9 to 11th for 30 days and the 12 to 15th for 45 days, each group corresponding to the tilllering, the elongation and the ripening stage of the plant respectively. The last leaf on the main stem lived. for about 50 days. The life duration of leaves of the phosphorus or potash defidient plant in the plots where one of these two elements were omitted, was equal to that of the leaves on the normal plant with complete fertilization. But the time from yellowing of 10 per cent of area of the blade to that of the whole blade was longer in the phosphorus deficiency plot, and snorter in the potash deficiency plot, each compared with that in the complete fertilizer plot. In the no-fertilizer plot, the life of the 7th leaf was shortest, i. e. about 25 days, and the 14th (the last) was longest, i. e. about 52 days, and the time gradient from 8 to 13th leaves were almost constant. Nitrogen deficient leaves in the plot where the nitrogen fertilizer was omitted resembled closely to those in the no-fertilizer plot in their life lengths. 2. Sketches of the yellowing process in the 10th leaf on the main stem of the plant in all the plots were taken on every day. The period from 10-per-cent yellowing to perfect yellowing of the leaf blade on the complete fertilizer plot was 6 days; in the no-potash plot it was 2 days shorter, in the no-phoshorus plot 2 days longer, and both in the no-nitrogen plot and in the no-fertilizer plot they were 4 days longer each compared with that in the complete plot. Notwithstanding remarkable variations in the yellowing process, the tendency above described was found general.


Deterioration of Egyptian desert roads in Upper Egypt (Al-Minea area) were investigated through developing deterioration model. This model requires collecting data related to time periods for different progressive deterioration stages for road surfaces. Ten road segments located in desert roads were studied. Each road segment has an average length of 500 meters. The progressive deterioration stages of road surface were monitored for each segment in term of Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and plotted against time for each road type. Least square regression analysis has shown that a quadratic function represents the best fit for the collected deterioration data with a coefficient of determination (R 2 ) ranges from 0.95 to 0.96. The developed deterioration prediction model can be used to predict future deterioration of desert roads.


The major goal of this project is to design and simulate a radio frequency (RF) front end of Radio Access Point (RAP) at 2.4 GI-lz for Radio over Fiber technology (RoF) using Advanced Design System (ADS) simulator. The focus of design is only for downlink transmission which consists of bandpass filter (BPF) and power amplifier. BPF is needed to remove out undesired frequency from nonlinear effect of fiber and pass through the signal at the operating frequency. In order to improve the dynamic range of
passive picocell (RAP), the power amplifier is placed between the electro absorption modulator (EAM) and the antenna. Picocells use power lower than 30 dBm. The
implementation of design is based on micro-strip technology and the analyses of scattering parameters are concerned in the simulation which presents the gain and return loss of the front end. At the end of design, the combination between parallel couple BPF and power amplifier is purposed as a RF front end of RAP for RoF technology.


Combining with the factual examples of some programs,the paper indicates how to adopt the optimized control of system,such as the heating and cooling system,ventilation air-conditioning system,the lighting system and so on,and realizes the analysis of the system resource-saving,so as to exert the fully role of BA system in the aspect of the resource-saving.


There have been comparative discussions about Thorstein Veblen and Max Weber before, but not quite from the most appropriate viewpoint. The present paper treats them as theorists of action, in social and economic analysis, and this perspective yields some interesting new findings. Both theorists are to be taken as participants in the great Methodenstreit in economics, 100 years ago, and it is Veblen who suggests a more radical solution to this dispute, he suggests its final abolishment. The main difference between Veblen and Weber is in their respective appreciations of the role of psychology in social analysis. Weber does not think it important, but in so thinking he misses the viewpoint of evolutionary psychology that Veblen endorses. Accordingly, both of these classical thinkers are to be considered as theorists of action, but so that it is Veblen who proffers a more general theory.


Abstract : Recruits at Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD) San Diego are at risk for training- related musculoskeletal injuries due to their relatively low baseline fitness levels and the sudden increase in vigorous physical activity associated with boot camp training. The annual fiscal and operational costs of recruit musculoskeletal injuries at MCRD San Diego were estimated at $16.5 million and 53,000 lost training days. Stress fractures were the single most costly injury, with an estimated annual cost in excess of $5 million.


In the context of globalization, international hotel chains are large and complex complexes of functional associations. The analysis of modern publications on this topic is analyzed and briefly presented. In order to ensure the successful positioning of the company in the market of hotel services, it is necessary to regulate the coherence of these functional associations. This article absolutely completely considers the effectiveness of using automated systems in hotel enterprises. The possible prospects of introduction of innovative technologies in the field of hospitality are completely summarized. Information technology is constantly and dynamically evolving and covers a wider range of sectors of the international economy, hospitality is also gaining benefits. Hotel management software is subject to constant improvement and transformation, creating optimal conditions for improving the efficiency of international hotel chains in the context of globalization. Presented PMS, which are popular today and graphically display all available modules with detailed descriptions. The advantages and disadvantages of existing automated control systems are presented. Demonstrated how in the globalization of the service sector software systems for the management of international hotel chains have a number of advantages. The article shows how they facilitate the work of hotel staff, require administrative processes, as well as provide an opportunity to expand the operational activities of international hotel chains. Now hotel managers, as well as the entire travel service, are under pressure from the pandemic, the need to reduce staff and support the quality and operational activities of the company, under the same loads. The decision to remove such a burden is to carefully integrate the PMS into the market environment to reduce costs and maximize efficiency. Automated management systems increase customer loyalty, satisfaction and service delivery. The authors made a detailed comparison of the two most popular PMS in the modern market and offered a choice for different types of consumers.


During startup stage of short-term acceleration system such as continuous shock test, high power induction motor draws dramatically high current in a short time, which would degrade the power quality. Hence, energy storage devices with excellent cycling capabilities are highly desirable and the flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is one competitive choice. This paper presents the control strategies of both synchronous motor and induction motor in flywheel energy storage system. The FESS is based on a bi-directional power converter, and consists of a synchronous motor and a high inertia flywheel. Simulation results demonstrate the time responses satisfactorily during the induction motor startup stage. Meanwhile, the control scheme of charging and discharging stage of synchronous motor in FESS are presented.


Abstract The inclusion of the finite band gap effect changes drastically conventional understanding of the finite size effect and suggests a possible electron generation at the ferroelectric surface contacting with the vacuum and the insulator that can be regarded as a new class of 2-dimensional electron system. The theory uses the macroscopic thermodynamic theory incorporating a quantum confinement effect. The theory predict that the domain configuration in even nm scale platelet has a wide freedom and the size limit is very small which encourages the future of nm scale ferroelectrics. This paper serves as an introduction to this theory.


Since risk mitigating measures have to be accepted by society, risk evaluation by lay people has to be considered in risk management. Due to time and financial constraints, it is impossible to gather this information on a case-by-case basis. Therefore, a model of risk evaluation that accounts for the public risk perception and evaluation is suggested. The perception affecting factors PA F and the objective risk Robj are important for the perceptionof the risk. For the decisionaboutthe acceptanceof risk the evaluation criteria EC are relevant. Together, the PA F ,t heEC and the Robj allow one to predict the accepted risk Racc. According to the different types of human behavior, the model of 'Prospect Theory' is applied to obtain relevant information about the evaluation and acceptance of risk for different types of persons.


Topics covered: New developments in site investigations; Engineering geology and natural hazards; Engineering geology and the environment; Construction materials; Case histories and new developments in surface workings; Case histories and new developments in underground excavations; Coastal and offshore engineering; Engineering geology of the Canadian Cordillera; Current trends in underground contracting practices.


We present two-dimensional H_alpha velocity fields for 20 late-type, disk-dominated spiral galaxies, the largest sample to date with high-resolution H_alpha velocity fields for bulgeless disks. From these data we derive rotation curves and the location of the kinematic centers. The galaxy sample was selected to contain nucleated and non-nucleated galaxies, which allows us to investigate what impact the gas kinematics in the host disk have on the presence (or absence) of a nuclear star cluster. In general, we find that the velocity fields span a broad range of morphologies. While some galaxies show regular rotation, most have some degree of irregular gas motions. There appears to be no systematic difference in the kinematics of nucleated and non-nucleated disks. Due to the large fields of view of the integral field units we use, we are able to observe the flattening of the rotation curve in almost all of our sample galaxies. This makes modeling of the velocity fields relatively straight-forward. Due to the complexities of the velocity fields, we obtain reliable determinations of the kinematic center for only 6 of our 20 sample galaxies. For all of these the locations of the nuclear star cluster/photometric center and the kinematic center agree within the uncertainties. If we disregard all kinematically irregular galaxies, our study concludes that nuclear star clusters truly occupy the nuclei, or dynamical centers, of their hosts. Our results are thus consistent with in-situ formation of nuclear star clusters. Yet, many well-motivated formation scenarios for nuclear clusters invoke off-center cluster formation and subsequent sinking of clusters due to dynamical friction. In that case, our results imply that dynamical friction in the centers of bulgeless galaxies must be very effective in driving massive clusters to the kinematic center. (abridged)


In a joining connection for a fuel pressure line (1) a union nut (10) is provided, which grips the front end of the outer casing (7) of the fuel pressure line (1) forming a seal and at the front is connected by way of a thread (12) to the injection pump outlet and the injection valve inlet (3) respectively. The union nut (10) has an inwardly projecting bearing surface (13) on the inside, on which an annular pressure transmitting member (14) is supported, by means of which the pressure pipe (4) is pressed against a seating face (9) on the injection pump outlet and injection valve inlet (3) respectively. The connection between the pressure transmitting member (14) and pressure pipe (4) comprises a radial circumferential undercut (16) formed on the pressure pipe (4), which at least in part has a circular contour and in the area of this contour forms a counterface acting in the direction of that pressure pipe end to be fixed. The pressure transmitting member (14) has a partial area (17) with a circular contour by means of which it bears at least on that part of the undercut (16) on the pressure pipe (4) which forms the counterface and has at least one leakage fuel passage (15), which is formed by a longitudinal slot (19) which passes through the annular pressure transmitting member (14) at a point on the circumference.


A resource conscious functional language is introduced based a hypergraph rewriting scheme described by higher dimensional hypergraphs. Its operational and denotational semantics are given.


A contactless energy supply for the electrical loads attached to the movable part of the linear motor, the energy supply unit does not require additional material and manufacturing costs and additional voltage source should be mentioned. Such apparatus is achieved by the following. That is achieved by energy field of high frequencies to the mobile field is superimposed. The energy supply field, inductively withdrawn through the energy transmission interface of the secondary part (4) (3) supplies energy to a load is attached to the secondary part (4) (2) .


A unitized electrode-intercell connector module is prepared for use in a bipolar electrode, especially for use in such electrode of the M-alkaline electrolyte-AgO types. In such special electrode, an imperforate foil, contacted with a conductive foam, is plated to a unitized, electrobonded assembly. Pyrolysis can lighten the assembly and may further provide for subsequent resistance to attack in an electrode environment. For the special electrode the reticulate portion of the assembly can be filled to provide an AgO electrode and the bipolar electrode completed by using a suitable electronegative metal on the foil side opposite from the AgO electrode.


We offer a word of caution to policymakers: Policies based on point estimates of the output gap may not rest on solid ground.


The problem of modelling the trajectory of an airplane that has begun to land and of optimally controlling the airplane until it touches the ground is considered in three dimensions. Two cost criteria are used. In the first case, the aim is to make the airplane touch the ground as close to a given target as possible, and as soon as possible. With the second cost criterion, we force the airplane to land inside a certain rectangle on the ground. In each case, the optimal control is obtained by considering the corresponding uncontrolled process.


This Apply virtual reality technology to our military equipment. The development of the virtual service training system is of great significance to our military equipment support. It is an important guarantee for cultivating qualified equipment custodians. This paper takes a certain type of equipment as the object, and designs the equipment service training system based on VIRTOOLS. Provide effective solutions for equipment maintenance training. This paper studies and discusses the structural system, key technologies and implementation methods of virtual systems. Introduction The maintenance of the equipment is a necessary condition for the integrity of the equipment. The necessary training before the actual equipment is maintained can improve the operation skills of the maintenance personnel. Virtual service training can effectively provide advanced experimental environment and simulation means for equipment maintenance and technical support training, and can train technicians' equipment support capabilities. Apply virtual reality technology to our military equipment maintenance. The development of virtual training systems is of great significance to our military equipment support. It is an important guarantee for cultivating qualified equipment support personnel. It effectively solves the problems of complicated equipment structure, high price, limitation of site, quantity and model, and low training efficiency in equipment maintenance training. Therefore, this paper designs a simulation system for a certain type of equipment. Provide an effective solution for maintenance training of equipment. Overall Structural Design of Virtual Reality System The simulation maintenance training system consists of five parts: virtual display, virtual maintenance, virtual assembly, virtual inspection and intelligent evaluation. The software design of the system is as follows: This system uses Visual C and Virtools as its development platform, SolidWorks three-dimensional design software of Dassault Company and 3Ds Max as modeling and animation generation tools, and Access as system database to store fault knowledge base, sample parts base and special tool base. Testing tool library and some service samples. The model construction of the system is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Equipment Model Construction. 88 Virtual Service Simulation Technology Based on Virtools The system simulates the real operating environment as much as possible. And can carry out virtual service training for equipment. The service training of equipment is divided into maintenance and maintenance, which are implemented based on the structure principle and disassembly steps of equipment. In order to achieve the combination of virtual and real, while constructing the training system, in order to deepen the impression of operators during training, the actual equipment operation video shooting was made for the difficult operation steps, and the video stream was inserted into the training system. After analyzing the fault, the demonstration video is played to deepen the operator's impression and improve the training quality. Video stream acquisition, source and scoring criteria. Virtual Exhibition The structural principle of equipment is the basis of equipment support. Before the maintenance of complex equipment, maintenance personnel must master the structure principle of equipment skillfully, and equipment is often closed three-dimensional, its internal structure is often difficult to understand in actual equipment, virtual display can solve this contradiction well. It provides a very ideal observation platform for maintenance personnel by changing the observation position, transparency of shell, or component observation. It can effectively help maintenance personnel understand the connection relationship of complex equipment structure. In the process of virtual display, the model is first imported into Virtools, and the basic parameters of lighting and camera are set. Then the BB module of Virtools is programmed to simulate the actual maintenance process according to the maintenance process, which achieves a better design effect. The virtual display module of the system is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2. Equipment Virtual Display. In the design of interactive maintenance, on the one hand, it is necessary to simulate the real maintenance steps and maintenance methods, on the other hand, it is necessary to simplify the process of real maintenance and realize the purpose of familiarizing users with maintenance operations J. The realization of interactive maintenance process is mainly realized by calling BB module. First, the script of the specified object is created, and then the program is programmed according to the specified action. For some complex and special operations, it can be programmed by calling Run VSL module using Virtools script language VSL (Virtools Script Languge) or through Viaools SDK, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3. Scenario entry editing.


A built-up hob for a screw-compressor rotor is proposed. The hob is composed of cutter blades and a hob head. The blade is cut out from a tempered planar plate of high speed tool steel by wire-cut electrodischarge machining (EDM). During the wire cutting process, the wire electrode has a fixed angle to ensure both the side and the end relief angle of the cutting edge, so that the rake face regrinding sharpens the cutting edge without changing the profile of the rake face. In other words, theoretically, the hob has no accuracy deterioration due to rake face regrinding. The formulae of rack tooth profile are derived from the female rotor tooth profile expressed by numerical formulae. Next, the fundamental helicoid of the hob and the profile of the cutting edge of the blade are calculated. The hob was fabricated and the rotor hobbing was carried out.


A total of six different alloys-stainless steel (SS) Types 310, 310S, 347, and 446, and nickel alloys 800 and 671-were tested using the slow strain-rate test technique in oxidizing/sulfidizing and in oxidizing/sulfidizing/carburizing simulated coal gasification environments, and in helium (and other inert environments) at both 450 and 600°C at a strain rate of 10 - 6 /s. Of the six alloys, four (Types 310 stainless steel and 310S stainless steel, nickel alloy 800, and nickel alloy 671) were found to be susceptible to cracking at 600°C by possibly different mechanisms, however, all were detected by the slow strain-rate technique. For cracking, the nickel alloy 671 required no reactive environment; it suffered internal cracking in helium and all other test environments used. However, the stainless steel Type 310, Type 310S, and nickel alloy 800, all of which failed through surface initiated cracking, required increasingly severe environments for cracking. The Type 310 stainless steel required very little reactive environment; it cracked not only in the simulated coal gasification gases but also in low vapor pressure O 2 or water (H 2 O)environments, or both (for example, helium), as did the Type 310S stainless steel, although with greater ductility than the Type 310 stainless steel. The nickel alloy 800 required the rather reactive environment of the simulated coal gasification gases; it did not crack in the low vapor pressure O 2 and H 2 O environments. The detection of the environmentally independent failure of Alloy 671 shows that the use of the slow strain-rate technique need not be limited to use for testing for susceptibility to cracking by stress corrosion cracking. The slow strain-rate technique is shown to be a viable testing method for detecting an alloy's propensity to premature failure in simulated coal gasification environments.


Electron capture in proton-lithium collisions at centre of mass energies below 10 keV is examined in the PSS approximation using a model potential for the e+Li+ interaction. It is assumed that the level H(n=2) is preferentially excited. Eigenvalues of the molecular Hamiltonian are found variationally, and radial and rotational coupling elements are calculated directly from these in prolate spheroidal coordinates. The coupling elements show strong dependence on the choice of coordinate system and have non-zero asymptotic limits. The authors use an adiabatic switching factor in the asymptotic region to ensure convergence of the cross sections. These are evaluated in the impact parameter approximation. Calculations involving both six and seven molecular states are performed. Radial coupling dominates the process at higher energies while rotational coupling is more important below 500 eV.


Little did June K. Robinson, M.D., know — when she was in charge of layout for her high school yearbook — that she would one day oversee the content of the oldest and, arguably, most powerful peer-reviewed journal in dermatology.


compilation of indigenista essays should show the importance of his scholarly work and connect him to the indigenista movement. At the end of the book, with no conclusion or additional commentary, the reader is left wondering exactly what connection Rojas had with the indigenista movement before his death in . Similarly, Fábregas Puig's book suffers from the disruptions characteristic of this sort of publication.There are no introductory sections providing any real transition between the book's unrelated topics. It is only Rojas González's intimate contact with the indigenous peoples of Mexico and his talent as a descriptive costumbrista writer that serve as the central binding theme. All possible criticism aside, Fábregas Puig's compilation of these little known and underused essays is a valuable contribution. The volume's significance is made especially clear because major compilations of the writings of Mexico's foremost indigenista scholars are yet to materialize. The main goal of the movement was the integration of Mexico's indigenous peoples into the emerging national identity. Rojas González, through his literary and anthropological works, was one of the first to integrate the indigenous peoples into the national consciousness of postrevolutionary Mexico. In writing from the dual perspective of novelist and scholar, Rojas González shows a remarkable sensitivity to the currents of Mexican indigenismo in play at the time.


In this paper we study growth series associated to commutator subgroups of surface groups. We conclude that these growth series are not rational. 0. INTRODUCTION In the last few years there has been considerable interest in the growth series for the word length of surface groups G relative to a finite symmetric set of generators Go. If for h E G we let lhl denote the word length of h (i.e. the smallest number of generators from Go required in writing h) and write N(n) = #{h E GC: hl = n}, then the growth series is given by


This paper presents a probabilistic planner capable of finding paths for a flexible surface patch. The planner is based on the probabilistic roadmap approach to path planning while the surface patch is modeled as a low degree Bezier surface. We assume that we are dealing with an elastic part and define an approximate energy model for the part. The energy function penalizes excessive shear and bending of the part and we assume that low-energy configurations correspond to reversible elastic deformations of the part. The planner captures the connectivity of a space by building a roadmap, a network of simple paths connecting configurations selected in the space using randomized techniques. We report on the implementation of our planner and show experimental results with examples where the surface patch is required to move through a small hole in its workspace. Our work is a first step towards considering the physical properties of parts when planning paths.


Japan's longest serving prime minister, Abe Shinzo was struck and killed by a bullet at 67 years of age on July 8, 2022. Several breakthrough policies, strategies, and principles in the fields of security and diplomacy were included in legislation enacted during his term as prime minister. This article discusses the background and effects of selected achievements of former Prime Minister Abe Shinzo, one of the postwar era's most influential politicians who should be remembered for pushing Japan's security and diplomacy policies beyond their traditional boundaries.


This paper describes a novel method based on the back-projection approach to generate SAR images. The back-projection operation has various "fast" implementations all using multilevel algorithms. In this paper a back-projection algorithm using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is proposed. The basic method does not employ interpolation by using non uniform sampling, and it obtains the same results as the straightforward computation, with O(N^2logN) instead of O(N^4) complexity. This method is optimal for SPOT mode and for wide-band scenarios, however to expand the algorithm flexibility two additional implementations are presented. As opposed to the basic method which does not use interpolation at all, these implementations require interpolation in the imaging process, but the error introduced is negligible.


New ideas are being developed to cool muon beams for colliders, neutrino factories, and muon experiments. Analytical and simulation studies have confirmed that a six-dimensional (6D) cooling channel based on helical magnets surrounding RF cavities filled with dense hydrogen gas can be used to achieve very small emittances. This helical cooling channel (HCC) has solenoidal, helical dipole, and helical quadrupole magnetic fields to generate emittance exchange and achieve 6D emittance reduction of over 3 orders of magnitude in a 100 m segment. Three such sequential HCC segments, where the RF frequencies are increased and transverse dimensions reduced as the beams become cooler, implies a 6D emittance reduction of almost six orders of magnitude. Two new post-cooling ideas then can be employed to reduce transverse emittances to one or two mm-mr, which allows high luminosity with fewer muons than previously imagined. We describe the new post-cooling ideas as well as a new precooling idea based on a HCC with z -dependent fields that can be used as an exceptional 6D cooling demonstration experiment.


We report far-infrared reflectance spectra of Be-doped p-type GaAs for hole concentrations between 3.5×1018 and 2.9×1019 cm-3. The spectral features of p-GaAs are quite different from the typical spectra of n-GaAs. The spectral shape analysis indicates that the free hole damping constant is about 8 times larger than that of n-GaAs.


With the all-round development and advancement of information technology, the integration of cloud computing and Internet of Things technology has become an inevitable trend of Internet development. The Internet of Things is the process of connecting the Internet with the sensor network and the overall development is to establish an intelligent management system. Cloud computing is to provide assistance by applying a large-scale computing platform to expand coverage. This paper briefly analyzes the connotation of cloud computing and IoT technology, and explains the integration process of the two, focusing on the cloud computing-based IoT security technology system, for reference only. 1. The Connotation of Cloud Computing and Internet of Things Technology 1.1 Connotation of Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a systematic processing method, which effectively performs more unified scheduling and processing of network connection computing resources, rationally constructs computing resource modes, and provides corresponding services according to user needs. The resource system and network structure formed by it is the "cloud". It is worth mentioning that for the user, the "cloud" has the infinite expansion nature, which can be obtained at any time, and can be obtained on demand, or paid according to the use process. This infrastructure can carry out activities for people, provide timely and professional guidance. With the help of the centralized management mechanism, the enterprise data center management mechanism and the computer data management and control system can be kept dynamic and consistent. Moreover, in combination with people's needs to access computers and storage systems, data transmission management channels can be established while improving the convenience level . In addition, cloud computing is based on two core technologies: resource virtualization and distributed parallel architecture. At the same time, the Internet also provides more open source software to provide technical support for user application cloud computing, including Xen, KVM, Lighttpd, Memcached, Nginx, Hadoop, Eucalytus and other applications are more extensive. The cloud computing process is more complicated, and the hypothesis function can be used to predict the exponential cluster. The specific formula is TX e + 11 = )) TXh( e + 11 = ) h( > on" presentati =" role θTX" e + 11 = ) h( θ θ θ θ θ . 1.2 Internet of Things Technology Connotation Internet of Things technology is a key component of the development of Internet technology in the new era. With the Internet of Things technology, a series of intelligent components such as terminal equipment, intelligent facilities, mobile terminals and facility sensors, or intelligent "dust" connections can be realized. The Unicom management system uses wireless and wired to establish a long/short distance IoT architecture system. The cloud-based SaaS integrated operation system has also become an important operational benchmark for network systems such as intranets and private networks . In addition, in the Internet of Things system, individuals can be personalized and real-time monitored and managed by means of information security, and location and trace processing, alarm linkage processing and online upgrade processing are completed to ensure the 4th Workshop on Advanced Research and Technology in Industry Applications (WARTIA 2018) Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Engineering Research, volume 173


This article is devoted to aesthetic features of the national cinema of Georgia through the prism of value approach to this unique phenomenon. As is known, the identity of Georgian culture is manifested not only in the traditions of everyday life, holiday feasts, and in each of the areas of folklore, but in such a professional art as cinema. The article reveals the relationship of aesthetic thought Georgia and creative heritage of outstanding filmmakers. Particular attention is paid to the issues of the scenario-based films that have received international recognition and high aesthetic appreciation at international film festivals, and on the choice of the director's artistic methods incarnation plan by means of cinema romanticism and the "magic realism". On the example of the best films reveals the aesthetic value of Georgian cinema as vivid evidence of the identity of national culture.


We present long-term photometry of five magnetic cataclysmic variables (MCVs) that displayed pronounced VY Scl–like low states during the interval 1990–2004. A total of 43 transitions to and from the low states are analyzed and compared with the properties of disk VY Scl transitions from an earlier study. We find that the speeds and shapes of the transitions of both disk and magnetic systems above the CV period gap suggest that the low states are due to starspots on the secondary star drifting in front of the L1 point. For systems below the gap, the characteristics of the transitions point to X-ray irradiation on the L1 point for the cause of the low states. Our results are in accord with the nature of the secondary star, which is expected to be fully convective for systems below the gap. Finally, unresolved flaring events present in the low states of the MCVs in our sample are attributed to activity on the secondary, indicating that these secondaries are indeed chromospherically active.


SummaryIn Belgium, estrogen receptor (ER) assays are run in a limited number of laboratories. This implies the organization of storage facilities and transportation of the breast cancer specimens from district hospitals to specialized laboratories. A quality control check was carried out under the auspices of our Institute to define appropriate conditions. ER concentrations were measured in our laboratory in 441 samples from our Institute as well as from 10 district hospitals. Analysis of the data revealed that the distribution of ER concentrations differed between hospitals. Moreover, tumors sent in liquid nitrogen constituted a homogenous group while tumors sent in ice-cold saline constituted a heterogenous group. On the average, tumors in liquid nitrogen also contained higher amounts of receptors. Review of the clinical records did not reveal any explanations for these observations, thus strongly suggesting that transport conditions were at their origin. Storage and subsequent transportation in liquid ...


Pituitary homogenates were prepared from patients undergoing pituitary ablation for breast or prostatic carcinoma (controls) and from patients with either PRL‐ and GH‐secreting pituitary adenomas or from patients with 'functionless' pituitary tumours. The principal subcellular organelles, plasma membrane, lysosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol and hormone‐containing granules were characterized by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Tissue from patients with prolactinomas showed hormone granules, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum of lighter density than controls; cytosol, mitochondria and plasma membrane were similar. PRL‐secreting tumours showed a 2‐fold increase in PRL content with significant reduction of LH, FSH and GH. Activities of various lysosomal enzymes, except for PRL proteolytic activity, were significantly reduced. Similar conclusions were found for GH‐secreting pituitary adenomas with a striking reduction in PRL proteolytic activity. Functionless tumours showed significant amounts, though reduced compared to control tissue, of all hormones. In contrast to the hormone‐secreting adenomas, the activity of the lysosomal enzyme N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase was significantly increased compared to control tissue.


The key points of the temperature control of concrete construction for super-high arch dam and roller compacted concrete( RCC) gravity dam are put forward herein. Except the strict control of the basic temperature difference in accordance with the relevant technical specifications,the concrete construction of super-high arch dam is further required to reduce the temperature differences between upper and lower layers and between inside and outside on the basis of the principle of small temperature difference,slow cooling and whole process protection. Under the premise of doing the surface protection well,the control requirement of the basic temperature difference can be properly relaxed for the construction of RCC dam. It is a development orientation of the construction management in the days to come that an intelligent monitoring and control system is necessary to be established for the temperature control and crack prevention,that consists of the five key-links such as information collection and transmission,information management, simulation analysis, early-warning and forecasting, automatic control, etc., for a whole process monitoring on the temperature control during the construction of both the kinds of the dams,and then provide a knowable and controllable technical means concerned as well.


Virial coefficients have been obtained for mixtures of carbon monoxide with benzene and n‐octane. Gas compressibilities and liquid solubilities were measured in order to cover the temperature range 50° to 300°C. The Kihara intermolecular potential‐energy function is somewhat more effective in predicting the experimental mixed second virial coefficients than is the Lennard‐Jones function.


"For few minute that I spin, there is in me the consciousness that I am adding to the nation's wealth" –Mahatma Gandhi. 1. Objective: To identify social media as a marketing tool for growth of Indian Khadi industry 2. Methodology: Conceptual research 3. Major results: Awareness and increased acceptance of Khadi as preferred clothing, huge customer base, increased employability and profits 4. Implications: Reforming Khadi industries in terms of customer base, product designs, technology and in branding When one hears 'Khadi', one is immediately transported to the image of Gandhiji spinning the charkha to create one's own clothes. In 1920, Khadi movement embarked the thought revolution in India that Indians can be selfreliant and it saw the boycotting of British goods and clothes that was very highly priced. It was not only a revolution against Britishers but was also a wakeup call for Indians for the need to increase opportunities in employment in rural India and also for the need of income generation. The Khadi industry at present has 1.42 lakh weavers and 8.62 lakh spinners in the country. Approximately 9.60 lakh charkhas and 1.51 lakh looms churn out Khadi in India. This fabric of freedom faces many challenges in recent scenario. Once upon a time, the most active centres which stood in fight against British raj such as Khadi Udhyog Bhavan situated at Mohanpur, Darbhanga has been closed since many years. The Khadi industry faces the issues of unpaid and low dues to weavers, corruption, and lack of products focused on younger generation, aggressive and use of updated marketing tools, technologically upgraded tools, productive infrastructure and lack of professionalism. This paper states the importance of Khadi industry for a country like India, where employability, entrepreneurship and poverty is  still a burning issue and how social media can help small and medium scale industries like Khadi to come out of the poor situation by reviving it and connecting it to the real consumer real time. According to APAC report published by Singapore based digital agency, India has 350 million active internet user out of which 234 million users are active on social media. In such scenario it becomes inevitable for dying industries to be active on the most cheap and easily available social media platforms, market their products in it to click with its customer base and thereby creating a dragonfly effect.


A 65‐year‐old woman had pancytopenia, splenomegaly, and an inaspirable bone marrow. Diagnostic evaluation demonstrated that she had both leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (LRE), or hairy cell leukemia, and an additional lympho‐reticular neoplasm, most likely a "histiocytic" lymphoma. The diagnosis of LRE was based on the histopathology of spleen tissue and of a bone marrow biopsy specimen. The diagnosis of diffuse "histiocytic" lymphoma was based on the histopathology of a splenic hilar and a mesenteric lymph node, tumor nodules in the kidney and spleen, and tissue from a mass obstructing a ureter. This is the first well‐documented association of a second lympho‐reticular neoplasm with LRE. Even relatively gentle treatment of the "histiocytic" lymphoma resulted in fatal pancytopenia, illustrating the restrictions on therapy imposed by the marrow impairment due to the LRE.


The present study investigated citizens' self-reported pro-environmental behaviors by adopting a survey and bootstrapping via structural equation modeling for five different personality traits. Adopting one traditional psycho-social theory, this study investigates how motivations, values, intentions, norms, and behaviors are connected by using different constructs from the value-belief-norm theory extended with external influences and three different pro-environmental behaviors, namely, waste preventer, green consumer, and avoider, and how the connections change between different personality traits from the Big Five personality test, namely, openness, extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, and consciousness. According to this study, personal conscience may inspire environmentally beneficial behaviors like green purchasing and waste reduction when appealing to the emotions of the general public. As a result, strengthening the population's subjective norms requires interventions that concentrate on communication tactics to raise knowledge of penalties and obligations for communal advantages.


If eighteenth-century America was the first new nation, twentieth-century Austria is the last old one.'1 Common to both the preindustrial American and the postindustrial Austrian cases is a process of cognitive mobilization which resulted in the decay of an old and the development of a new national consciousness. In North America the traditional identities of those who had once thought of themselves as loyal subjects of the British Crown were replaced by their new self-perceptions as Americans. At the outset of the nineteenth century Austrian national consciousness was a mixture of supranational loyalty to the Habsburg dynasty and of subnational identification with individual provinces. The growth of a German national consciousness during the second half of the century was rapid, and German elements prevailed in Austrian national consciousness during the interwar years. In the American case a revolution in the peoples' minds preceded victory in the Revolutionary War; in the Austrian case it followed the defeat of the Axis powers in World War II. The development of an Austrian national consciousness since 1945 has had an important beneficial effect on Austrian politics. The political cohesion of the Second Austrian Republic has been striking in contrast to the political divisions of the First. In their attempts to account for this change, most observers have adopted a view from the top of society, analyzing the structure and strategy of Austria's political elites.2 This account benefits by a supplementary explanation which chooses a perspective from society's base through an analysis of the effect of mass beliefs on the traditionally explosive question of Austria's national identity. Austria's new national consciousness has become one of the brackets which maintains the cohesion between the different political camps (Lager) in Austria.


The challenges discussed in Chapter 3 culminated in Thomas Innes's 1729 Critical Essay on the Ancient Inhabitants of the Northern Parts of Britain, or Scotland, the subject of this chapter. Innes's paradigm-shifting reconstruction of early medieval Scottish history, together with the final rejection of humanist history which it required, still underpins modern understandings of the period. Innes's own methods and goals, however, were more complex than mere seeking after truth and this chapter interrogates his Jacobite and Catholic, but surprisingly ecumenical agenda as well as tracing the immediate and longer-term fortunes of his theories.


Introduction 1. THE NATURE OF CONTENT 1. The Rule Following Considerations 2. The Status of Content 3. Naturalizing Content 4. Is Meaning Normative? 5. Rules, Meaning, and Intention 2. CONTENT AND SELF-KNOWLEDGE 6. Content and Self-Knowledge 7. The Transparency of Mental Content 8. What the Externalist can Know A Priori 9. Further Reflections on the Problem of Self-Knowing 3. CONTENT AND THE A PRIORI 10. Analyticity Reconsidered 11. Does an Inferential Role Semantics Rest Upon A Mistake? 12. Knowledge of Logic 13. How Are Objective Epistemic Reasons Possible? 14. Inference and Insight 15. Blind Reasoning 16. Epistemic Analyticity: A Defense 4. COLOUR CONCEPTS 17. Color as a Secondary Quality 18. Physicalist Theories of Color 19. Postscript on Color


The 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated from methyl N- (trimethylsilylmethyl) iminoacetate and benzyl bromide or a catalytic amount of trifluoroacetic acid has been found to give the corresponding proline derivatives.


. A synthetic procedure is described for preparation of magneto-sensitive nanocomposites from maghemite nanoparticles and a natural polysaccharide, sodium alginate cross-linked with calcium ions. With this procedure, a series of nanocomposites was synthesized and characterized by spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Fourier transform IR-spectroscopy and magnetometry with the following main conclusions: (a) The nanocomposites retain their solubility in water unless the iron content exceeds 18.1±0.2 wt%. (b) Only γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles are included in the nanocomposite. (c) Size of nanoparticles lies within a 4–20 nm range with a dominant diameter of 7±1 nm. (d) Maghemite nanoparticles bind to the alginate matrix via formation of electrostatic and coordination contacts between the surface Fe 3+ maghemite ions and functional alginate groups. (e) The nanocomposites exhibit properties which are char-acteristic for soft magnetic materials since they have a low coercive force. (f) Magnetic characteristics of the nanocomposites, saturation magnetization and residual magnetization, are effectively controlled by the maghemite content. (g) An external magnetic field causes the nanocomposites to move in an aqueous dispersion.


Abstract : Minature swine are a sensitive and responsive animal for the study of burn shock resuscitation. The sodium loads requisite for resuscitation of burned swine can exert roughly the same effects when administered in volumes of from 25% to 50% less than those commonly employed clinically. Sodium excretion is more dependent upon the sodium load than upon the concentration of the saline solution. Plasma administration had no demonstrable resuscitative effect over and above that provided by the sodium and volume given in this model.


The electronic ordering system is a new generation products emerging with the development of food and beverage industrys informatization and intelligentize. As for embedded dish ordering system software testing, this article gives a solution for application simulation software Protcus and the functional testing tools WinRunner. Through the application of simulation software Protcus, the problem of the hardware test environment is resolved. In addition, the problem of the large amount of data is resolved through testing tools WinRunner , which provides a good reference for embedded software.


"NaCl Effect" was well known in biomass chemical degradation
including carbohydrate transformations, in which NaCl had significant positive
effect in promoting/catalyzing particular transformation. However, direct
evidence was very rare in proposed mechanisms to elucidate "NaCl Effect", here
we reported 1H NMR evidences of "NaCl Effect" on different saccharides
and at once non-selective bonding of Cl-H was proposed instead of sequence
bonding during deconstruction of hydrogen bonding network based on evidences. A general
recommending NaCl usage based on total hydroxyls on saccharides could
well explain the best effect of hydrogen bonding destruction in most reported
literatures.


This paper considers the use of a microprocessor as a controller for digital systems. It is suggested that the microprocessor controller can be considered as a state machine with each state being defined in terms of possible machine instructions. The strengths and weaknesses of this device are discussed. A design procedure is proposed that allows comparison of a conventional state machine design to microprocessor design of a digital system that contains a sequential controller.


An efficient Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuit with lower error rate Phase Frequency Detector (PFD), lower area, lower phase noise active inductor based Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and lesser current mismatch Charge Pump (CP) and passive loop filter was designed for a frequency synthesizer used in standard ZigBee based applications. For 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical(ISM) band a precise synthesizer the PLL must have a better lock range and faster acquisition which is achieved by optimally designing PFD. We proposed a NAND based PFD using dynamic CMOS True Single-Phase Clock (TSPC) technique. A new Gyrator-C based active inductor with Quality factor (Q) enhancement technique for the LC-VCO to replace the on-chip spiral inductors in previous designs was proposed. This improved the phase noise at VCO's output using circuit controlled inductance with added benefit of lesser chip area. We used a linearizing circuit to lower the VCO's gain in order to improve the tuning range. The analysis was carried out on 180nm and 90nm generic process design kit (gpdk) CMOS technology and simulations on Cadence design environment. For a 2.4 GHz PLL, designed and simulated results showed the power consumption of 0.3mW for PFD and 20mW from active inductor based VCO and a Phase Noise of -110dBc/Hz. A comparative result between existing design and modified circuit has been provided.


Ribonuclease and carboxypeptidase are inactivated by ultraviolet light (2537 A.) with quantum yields of 0.03 and 0.001–0.005 respectively. The quantum yields for low molecular weight proteins are of the order of 0.03 and are higher than those for splitting peptide bonds in typical peptides (0.004–0.0004 or less). It is postulated that the primary process of inactivation involves modification of aromatic residues in proteins. A possible reason for the inverse relationship between quantum yields and molecular weights of enzymes and proteins is discussed.


Some solid wood evaluations (including internal checking assessment, shrinkage, collapse and tension tests) were carried out on 15-year-old Eucalyptus nitens (Deane et Maiden) Maiden trees. There were significant differences between the density classes in basic density and moisture content, with the low density class having significantly lower earlywood density than the medium and high density classes. Significant differences were observed between all three classes in average ring density and latewood percentage. The extent of the internal checking observed will present a definite problem to many solid wood products. Collapse occurred readily and could be severe, but steaming effectively restored the collapse. The scanner used gave an accurate and reliable estimate of radial and tangential shrinkage combined. The tension test results were positively correlated with density and moisture content.