Larvae of Martesia cuneiformis Say settled in greatest abundance (151.5 individuals/square meter surface area of wood substrate) during the months of August, September, and October in a North Carolina estuary. Minimum estimates of post settlement shell growth rates are 0.19 mm/day during the summer months and 0.03 mm/day during the winter months. Gravid adults maintained in the laboratory spawn during physical disturbance of dissection from wood and, in isolated individuals, after thermal stimulation. The first shelled veliger larva has a mean shell size of 69.0 µm long and 60.0 µm high. At 22°C and 30-32‰ salinity the pediveliger stage, with a mean shell size of 260 µm long and 269 µm high, is reached in 35 days. Larval respiration rate is described by the relationship R = 2.22W2.42 where R is oxygen consumption (nl O2/larva/h) and W is dry weight (µg). On starvation larvae predominantly utilize protein and lipid as respiratory substrates. Adult respiration and ammonia excretion rates are described by th...


A flow injection inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for the sequential determination of trace amounts of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu and Zn) in biological samples is described based on the complexation of the metal ions with 1,5-bis (di-2-pyridyl) methylene thiocarbohydrazide and its subsequent on-line extraction into isobutyl methyl ketone. A systematic study was performed to determine the optimum conditions for the continuous extraction of the metals. Detection limits for Cu, Co, Zn and Cd ranged from 1.1 to 23.0 ng ml–1 with precision varying from 1.2 to 3.7% relative standard deviation at 100 ng ml–1. These values were obtained under simultaneous multi-element conditions. The effect of various foreign ions on the determination of these metals by the proposed method was examined under the optimum working conditions. The tolerance limits found showed that they can be determined in the presence of a variety of ions including most of those that commonly occur with them in natural samples. Accuracy and matrix interference were confirmed by standard additions and use of certified reference materials.


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficiency of chemoembolization combined with hyperthermia for advanced gastric cancer.METHODS:The clincal materials of 70 cases of advanced gastric cancer were restrospectively analyzed,and those were divided into Group A,receiving chemoembolization combined with hyperthermia,and Group B,only chemoembolization.The clincal symptoms,imaging,tumor markers,survival time and toxic and adverse reactions were observed and compared.RESULTS:The clincal symptoms,imaging and tumor markers were all improved significantly in both groups,and the improvement was better in Group A than that in group B(P0.05);the 1-,2-and 3-year postoperation survial rates in Group A and B were 100.0%,90.1%,75.0%,and 100.0%,81.6%,44.7%(P0.05)respectively,and there was no significant difference in adverse reactions of the two groups(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Chemoembolization combined with hyperthermia can improve significantly the efficiency for advanced gastric cancer,and prolong significantly the survival time of patients,with the high safty.


1. Objectives and Methods The original insect of is described as the larvae of Holotrichia diomphalia Bates (Scarabaeidae) in oriental medicine literatures. Traditionally inhabit on rotting wood, compost, and organic debris of soil or thatched roofs. They have the very important distinguishing mark that wriggle along on their back through rotting wood, compost etc. and they never do inflict the living crops. but, Holotrichia diomphalia Bates as the is not right because of many questions, such as Holotrichia are the harmful insects eat into farm products, and those don't match well with korean farmers' moods if their cultivated lands are turned over for collecting larvae, and especially they don't go on using their back. 2. Results and Conclusions Accordingly, in the conclusion of this subject it is reported that the original insect of is the larvae of Korean Cetoniidae(Coleoptera; Scarabaeoidea) insects including Genus Protaetia Burmeister(Protaetia orientalis submarmorea Burmeister, P.brevitarsis seulensis Kolbe, etc.) and the larvae of Korean Cetoniinae insects. Also, those were the original larvae of that were applied to not only 'DongEuiBoGam' but also 'Dongyi Suse Bowon prescriptions'. Those feed on rotting wood, compost, and organic debris of soil or thatched roofs.


Properties of far infrared radiation heating technology were introduced.Application of far infrared enerey saving coating can raise the radiative efficiency of heated surface,strenthen the radiant heat exchange, then save the energy. Combining the pratice in Daqing oil filed,far infrared radiation energy saving coating was propected.


Objectives To evaluate the impact of the economic crisis on the oral health of individuals in Spain based on variables including sex, unemployment, social class and educational level. Design This was an analysis of serial cross-sectional, population-based health surveys conducted before the crisis (2003 and 2006) and during the crisis (2011, 2014 and 2017). Setting National Health Surveys of Spain and the European Health Survey in Spain. Participants A total of 189 543 participants were recruited. Outcome measures The independent variables were sex, employment, social class and educational level. The dependent variables were related to oral health. Descriptive statistics, χ2 tests and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test were performed. Results The results showed that there were differences (p<0.001) in all oral health indicators before and after the crisis. Compared with the precrisis period, men had a higher probability of tooth extractions (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.45), dental fillings (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.34), prostheses (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07) and missing teeth (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.39). Unemployed individuals were more likely to have dental caries (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.16) and missing teeth (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.46). Working class individuals had a higher probability of tooth extractions (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.59 to 1.67), bleeding gums (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07), prostheses (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.07) and missing teeth (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.39). Participants with a basic or intermediate level of education had a higher probability of dental mobility (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.19), prostheses (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.14) and missing teeth (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.46). Conclusions The economic crisis affected the oral health of the Spanish population, with a more significant deterioration among men, working class individuals and unemployed individuals.


I f you compress a liquid slowly enough at low temperatures, it will freeze into an ordered solid: a crystal. Or at least that's what we're used to seeing in three dimensions. If you instead consider particles confined to a two-dimensional (2D) plane, the outcome is quite different. For equilibrium systems, a 2D solid stabilizes into a structure that lacks long-range order—it becomes less ordered further away from a central lattice site. The behavior of systems far from equilibrium, such


Membrane electrolyte assembly (MEA) which is the key component for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is prepared with 70%Pt/C Catalyst Coated Membrane (CCM) technique in this paper. Discharge properties of fuel cell are studied with I-V, cycle voltage (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and SEM techniques, which are used to characterize the electrochemical properties of fuel cells. The results demonstrat that the optimum ratio of 70%Pt/C and Nafion is 6:1. MEA with high Pt loading can reach 0.69 V at 600 mA/cm~2 and catalyst layer of 70%Pt/C is much thinner than the prepared with 40%Pt/C catalyst.


Abstract Previously, our laboratory has demonstrated inhibition of mitochondrial state 3 (ADP-dependent) respiration 5 min after resuscitation from an asphyxial insult in lambs less than 3 days of age. Older lambs were resistant to this transient mitochondrial dysfunction. This study was designed to examine if age-related differences in baseline state 3 mitochondrial respiration, electron transport chain activity, or susceptibility to oxygen free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation were related to the previously observed differences in postasphyxial mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondrial respiration was measured in 24 nonasphyxiated control lambs aged 1-10 days using four different substrates. Electron transport chain activity was assessed in 15 of these lambs, and lipid peroxidation measured as conjugated diene production was measured in 11 of these lambs. These lambs were all ventilated to maintain normal blood gases for a time period equal to the length of the hypoxic insult in asphyxiated lambs (see below), after which samples of brain were removed for isolation of mitochondria. A second group of 11 lambs (seven ≤3 days of age and four >3 days of age) were asphyxiated. The insult was a 75-to-90-min episode of hypoxia and hypercarbia that resulted in bradycardia and systemic hypotension over the final 15 min of the insult. At the end of asphyxia, the lambs were resuscitated and returned to control ventilator settings. Samples of brain were removed 5 min after resuscitation. Postas-phyxia electron transport chain activity and lipid peroxidation were measured. All measurements described above were done in both nonsynaptic (primarily glial in origin) and synaptic mitochondria. State 3 mitochondrial respiration varied significantly with age, decreasing by an average of 41.2% ± 11.1% (mean ± SEM) from Day 2 to Day 5-6 and then increasing back to levels similar to Day 2 by Day 8-10 in nonsynaptic mitochondria. State 3 respiration in synaptic mitochondria decreased 60.6% ± 5.2% from Day 2 to Day 5-6 before returning to levels similar to Day 2 by Day 8-10. Resting (nonADP-dependent) state 4 respiration demonstrated similar developmental patterns. Electron transport chain activities did not vary with age in the nonasphyxiated control animals. In addition, an asphyxial insult did not diminish electron transport chain activities in either lambs ≤3 days old or those >3 days of age. In the ≤3-day-old animals, lipid peroxidation (measured as conjugated diene production) was 0.755 ± 0.19 (Abs 233/mg lipid; mean ± SEM) in controls and 1.31 ± 0.28 post-asphyxia (P <0.03) in nonsynaptic mitochondria. Synaptic mitochondria conjugated diene productions were 0.561 ± 0.05 and 1.369 ± 0.27 (P <0.004), respectively. No differences in conjugated diene production between control and postasphyxia lambs were present in animals >3 days old. These data are consistent with the conclusion that lambs ≥3 days old were more susceptible to oxygen free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation than those >3 days of age.


Electrical components, such as filters, oscillators, resonators and delay lines are manufactured from a piezo ceramic base which includes a depolarized zone. The sound velocity is set by topically heating a portion of the base to form the depolarized zone between a pair of transducers.


Software based error detection techniques usually imply modification of the algorithms to be hardened, and almost certainly also demand a huge memory footprint and/or execution time overhead. In the software engineering field, program invariants have been proposed as a means to check program correctness during the development cycle. In this work we discuss the use of software invariants verification as a low cost alternative to detect soft errors after the execution of a given algorithm. A clear advantage is that this approach does not require any change in the algorithm to be hardened, and in case its computational cost and memory overhead are proven to be much smaller than duplication for a given algorithm, it may become a feasible option for hardening that algorithm against soft errors. The results of fault injection experiments performed with different algorithms are analyzed and some guidelines for future research concerning this technique are proposed.


With technology scaling enabling integration of billions of transistors on a single processor core, deploying high-performance and energy-efficient encryption/decryption engines on-die has become a reality in the sub-45nm CMOS era. Not only does this enable increased security of processor platforms, but also achieves unprecedented improvements in power-performance through the adoption of specialized hardware accelerator engines for various compute-intensive cryptography algorithms. In this presentation, we describe novel arithmetic and data-path technologies to enable high-speed on-die AES encryption/decryption accelerators for processor security, Secure Hashing Algorithm (SHA) compute engines, Galois-Field multipliers for public-key cryptography acceleration and secure on-die key generation using fully-digital random number generators based on metastable state elements. Circuit and design optimizations to enable ultra-low voltage operation of these accelerators are discussed to achieve up to a 10X higher energy-efficiency and a wide dynamic operating voltage range that enables scalable AES encryption/decryption down to sub-10mW per round, enabling power-efficient security to permeate into future mobile/hand-held/wearable devices.


This lightning talk describes a new grant-funded research project investigating how undergraduate computer science students' interest in CS develops. The goal of this project is to investigate how sustained, individual interest develops from finer-grained experiences of situational interest that students have in introductory CS courses. This project will accomplish this goal using the experience sampling method (Hektner, Schmidt, & Csikszentmihalyi, 2007), which is a longitudinal research method that asks participants to report on their immediate experiences at many occasions. Prior research has not adequately investigated what drives individual differences in CS interest at the level at which policymakers and educators can most effectively act, namely, at a situation-to-situation level, rather than in terms of what happens in courses, programs of study, or occupations in general and overall. Moreover, research has shown that some overall factors, such as competence-related beliefs and co-curricular supports, might be related to the development of sustained interest in CS (e.g., Lishinski, Yadav, Good, & Enbody, 2016). Thus, we will explore how students' initial interest, as well as their individual motivational characteristics, such as CS self-concept, and CS self-efficacy, relate to interest at a situation-to-situation level. Furthermore, we will also explore how contextual factors - those internal to students, such as how challenging they found the activities, as well as those external to students, such as the focus of each class - relate to students' situational interest. Overall, we hope to better understand how students' situational interest relates to changes in their longer-term, individual interest.


1. Computers and History: Rhetoric, Reality and the Lessons of the Past 2. The Use of ICT for Teaching History: Slow Growth, Some Green Shoots 3. The Forgotten Games Kit: Putting Historical Thinking First in Long, Medium and Short-term Planning 4. Building Learning Packages: Integrating Virtual Resources with the Real World of Teaching and Learning 5. Relating the General to the Particular: Data Handling and Historical Learning, 6. Maps and ICT: A Significant Development for Teachers of History 7. Using ICT to Develop Historical Understanding and Skills 8. What do they do with the Information, 9. Getting Started in HIstory and ICT 10. History, ICT and Learning 2002-2010


REFERENCE Liese JG, et al. Incidence and clinical presentation of acute otitis media in children aged <6 years in European medical practices.


This work deals with the stationary analysis of two-dimensional partially homogeneous nearest-neighbour random walks. Such type of random walks in the quarter plane are characterized by the fact that the one-step transition probabilities are functions of the state-space. We show that its stationary behavior is investigated by solving a finite system of linear equations, and a functional equation with the aid of the theory of Riemann(-Hilbert) boundary value problems. This work is strongly motivated by emerging applications in multiple access systems as well as in the study of a general class of queueing systems with state dependent parameters. A simple numerical illustration providing useful information about a queue-aware multiple access system is also presented.


Reinforcement learning algorithms have been successfully trained for games like GO, Atari, and Chess in simulated environments. However, in cue sport-based games like Carrom, real world is unpredictable unlike in Chess and GO due to the stochastic nature of the gameplay as well as the effect of external factors such as friction combined with multiple collisions. Hence, solely training in a simulated platform for games like Billiard and Carrom, which need precise execution of a shot, would not be ideal in actual gameplay. This paper presents a real-time vision based efficient robotic system to play Carrom against a proficient human opponent. We demonstrate the challenges of adopting a reinforcement learning algorithm beyond simulations in implementing a strategic gameplay for the robotic system. We currently achieve an overall shot accuracy of 70.6% by combining heuristic and reinforcement learning algorithms. Analysis of the overall results suggests the possibility of adopting a real-world training for board games which need precise mechanical actuation beyond simulations.


In 2011, a severe flooding event affected the entire state of Queensland in Australia. This resulted in pavement damage to many thousands of kilometers of state and regional council controlled roads. The pavements of the most affected roads consisted of granular layers with multiple sprayed seals constructed over weak, highly reactive natural subgrades. The natural subgrades often exhibited high swelling potential that, coupled with poor road geometry and drainage, often led to large seasonal fluctuation in moisture content of the subgrade. Techniques, such as foamed bitumen stabilization and cement modification of the existing pavement layers, have often been adopted. A range of stabilizing agents, such as foamed bitumen and an array of cementitious stabilizing agents, has been utilized under different circumstances to achieve the best project outcome. Field and laboratory investigations were undertaken to assess the post-flood condition of the road network, as well as to determine the suitability and reactivity of each stabilizing agent to the wide range of base aggregate sources found throughout the network. This paper presents the findings from field and laboratory investigations undertaken on the flood-affected pavements of four regional roads near Ipswich in South East Queensland. These investigations were undertaken to characterize existing pavement materials and to evaluate the performance of existing granular materials stabilized with foamed bitumen or modified with cementitious stabilizing agents. To evaluate the mixes of granular materials and stabilizing agents, the results from tests conducted on samples of existing imported granular materials stabilized or modified with foamed bitumen or cementitious binders were compared against a set of Australian developed mix design criteria. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of both the cementitious modification and foamed bitumen stabilization techniques and summarises the manners in which these layers were modeled.


It has been an arguable topic in the past a few years that whether there is a medial of erdengyun.This paper riviews the study of erdengyun medial in five respects:no medial, disappearance of the medial, there is a medial and what makes it possible,early ancient times material for the medial,and other material for reconstruction of the medial.It emphasizes the study's combination with experimental phonetics and foreign phonology and the strength of theoretical summation of the study.


This is a newspaper article concerning the talk that Dr. Pappous gave in the "Third international forum on children with special needs" at Shafallah Center in Qatar.Addressing a session on "Sports, social inclusion and mass media," Dr. Pappous highlighted that Sports events for the disabled have been covered by the media as feature stories with focus on the disability rather than the performance of the athletes.


### Chronic daily headache in adolescents: An 8-year follow-up study

This long-term study investigates the outcomes of adolescents with chronic daily headache (CDH) when they grow to young adulthood. The frequency of CDH markedly declines to 12%, but one fourth of them still suffer significant headache disability. Poor outcome predictors include medication overuse, migraine history, and early onset of CDH.

See p. 416; Editorial, p. 412

### Decreased GABA-A binding on FMZ-PET in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency

This study presents groundbreaking research in succinic semialdehyde …


This article examines the role of guidance by the teacher on the development of student`s intrinsic motivation and interest. In a study with 10- and 11-graders (N = 371) from 7 Swiss grammar schools the effects of guidance within a problem-oriented learning environment and within a traditional setting were compared. In the problem-oriented learning environment guidance by the teacher was significantly lower than in the traditional setting. Guidance by the teacher can explain a part of the different development of motivation in the problem-oriented and in the traditional learning environment. Moreover, guidance has bigger effects on intrinsic motivation in the problem-oriented setting than in the traditional one. The effects of guidance on motivation and interest are mainly mediated by the perceived relevance of content and intrinsic need satisfaction.


Synopsis; The form, shape and hardness of martensite structure transformed from strained austenite were investigated for an Fe-31•7%Ni alloy in order to make clear the strengthening mechanism of steel by ausforming treatment. From the results of hardening characteristics of martensite plates and of the change in X-ray diffraction lines from martensite and austenite due to deformation before transformation to martensite and also microscopic observation of the structure, it was confirmed that a strengthening. by ausforming could be attributed to both the refinement of martensite structure and the change in the internal strain of martensite induced by austenite deformation prior to transformation. The study was also extended to the determination of the influence of applied stress on martensite transformation. Ms was raised by tensile stress at the rate of 1.6•Ž/kg/mm2 in the temperature range between -45•Ž and -30•Ž and at 0.16•Ž/kg/mm2 in the temperature range between -51•Ž and -45•Ž. It was found that the rate of 1.6•Ž/kg/mm2 showed good agreement with the result obtained from the calculation of stress dependence on Ms by Cohen's treatment. A discussion was also made to estimate the relation between the energy to initiate martensite transformation and the energy to deform the material under an applied stress. (Received 10 Apr. 1963)


Abstract There is increasing evidence that overheating is a contributing factor for some cot deaths. The authors' hypothesis is that infant thermoregulation is closely related to respiratory control. HomeLog is a system built to investigate the developing thermal, respiratory and cardiac behaviour of infants in the home environment over several weeks. HomeLong is based on a modified laptop computer. Signals recorded include body temperature (from rectal and various skin sites), ambient temperature, thoracic impedance, abdominal movement and electrocardiogram (ECG). Continuous night‐time recordings have been made for up to 6 weeks from infants between 1 and 4 months of age, in their own cots, in their own homes. Various time and frequency domain analyses of the breathing and temperature data have been developed. Analysis of breath rate variability and of body temperature fluctuations has confirmed sleep/weke changes. In addition, a periodic oscillation of body temperature every 1–2 h has been found, which closely matches oscillations of breath rate variability.


Abstract The idea that the city belongs to all individuals inhabiting the urban space is grounded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the New Urban Agenda, and it is referred to as "right to the city" or "rights in the city." This article discusses how human rights relate to the city and its inhabitants, examines the meaning of the right to the city and human rights in the city in today's urban environment, and deliberates how to transform cities into spaces that reflect fundamental human rights principles. By looking at the situation of marginalized groups in cities, the article focuses on the questions of how to build inclusive, fair, and accessible cities and how to eliminate inequalities seen in urban communities. Because technology is often cited as one way to foster integration of marginalized communities, special attention will be given to the smart city and the opportunities and challenges presented by information and communication technologies (ICTs) for human rights, accessibility, and inclusion. Using the case of persons with disabilities as an illustration, the article argues that urban development needs to be fundamentally transformed to live up to human rights standards. Only a multi-stakeholder urban design process will produce truly inclusive urban spaces that fulfill the right to the city.


Three papers were presented: A. Hess, "Revolution in a Haggard Land: State, Society and Technology in Saudi Arabia," T. Mitchell, "The Object of Development: Egypt in the Discourse of the World Bank and USAID," and H. Islamoglu-Inan, "Transformation of the Ottoman Political Discourse." The workshop concluded with a general discussion led by T. Asad.


Myositis ossificans circumscripta (MOC) is a form of heterotopic ossification in extraskeletal soft tissues that is benign, but may appear clinically and radiologically as a malignant neoplasm1.

An 18-year-old woman had sudden pain in her left thigh with functional impairment, without trauma. Examination revealed an indurated mass on the upper third of the thigh. Laboratory analyses were normal except for a C-reactive protein level at 35 mg/l …


The paper proposes a fuzzy control solution based on a new Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy controller (TS-FC) dedicated to speed control of hydro turbine generators, where the plant is nonminimum phase systems. In the first phase PI controllers are developed ensuring desired maximum values both for the sensitivity function (s.f.) and for the complementary s.f. in frequency domain. Accepting the approximate equivalence between fuzzy controllers and the linear ones in certain conditions, an attractive design method for a four inputs-two outputs TS-FC is offered. The fuzzy control system guarantees maximum imposed s.f.s and therefore good responses with respect to modifications of reference and disturbance inputs, and robustness with respect to model uncertainties. The proposed solution has been validated through simulation of a real-world case study. The controller is compared with two PI controllers designed separately with respect to the reference input and to one of the disturbance inputs.


Contents: Editor's preface Part 1 Methods: Philosophy and politics, Antonella Besussi Truth, Jeff Malpas and Nick Malpas Objectivity, Alexander Kaufman Feasibility and desirability, Francesca Pasquali Facts and principles, Miriam Ronzoni Realism and idealism, Federico Zuolo. Part 2 Tools: Politics/metaphysics, Patrick Neal Counterfactuals, Ingrid Salvatore Justification, Cindy Holder The right and the good, David A. Reidy Trade-off, Elena Granaglia Means/ends, Stephen de Wijze. Part 3 Topics: Liberty, Mario Ricciardi Equality, Ian Carter Community, Lino Klevesath and Walter Reese-SchAfer Justice, Sebastiano Maffettone Pluralism, Emanuela Ceva Public discourse, Kevin Vallier Agreement/disagreement, David B. Wong Exclusion/assimilation, Anna E. Galeotti Index.


The pebblebed-type high temperature gas-cooled reactor is considered to be one of the promising solutions for generation IV advanced reactors, and the two-region arranged reactor core can enhance its advantages by flattening neutron flux. However, this application is held back by the existence of mixing zone between central and peripheral regions, which results from pebbles' dispersion motions. In this study, experiments have been carried out to study the dispersion phenomenon, and the variation of dispersion region and radial distribution of pebbles in the specifically shaped flow field are shown. Most importantly, the standard deviation of pebbles' radial positions in dispersion region, as a quantitative index to describe the size of dispersion region, is gotten through statistical analysis. Besides, discrete element method has been utilized to analyze the parameter influence on dispersion region, and this practice offers some strategies to eliminate or reduce mixing zone in practical reactors.


The invention relates to a portable multipurpose solar power supply comprising a solar photovoltaic battery board and a portable container. The portable multipurpose solar power supply is characterized in that a power storage device and various control circuits are installed in the portable container, and the portable multipurpose solar power supply is provided with a 220V alternative-current voltage reducing device, a rectifying device and a wind power generating input device; the solar photovoltaic battery board (17) is connected with a single-chip machine (4) through a DC-DC converting andboosting circuit, a current amplifying circuit (16), a power supply input switching circuit (13) and a charging control circuit (8); and the DC-DC converting and boosting circuit and the current amplifying circuit (16) can be electrically connected in a multi-stage parallel or series mode, and the output voltage and current of the DC-DC converting and boosting circuit and the current amplifying circuit (16) adapt to the power storage device. The portable multipurpose solar power supply improves the efficiency of photoelectric conversion under the condition of weak light, reduces the utilization area of the solar photovoltaic battery board and has portability.


What can user-generated online data tell us about political issues and partisan politics? How polarized is a web search query such as "climategate 2.0" and can we quantify the leaning of the hashtag #climatechange? We summarize recent work that studies U.S. politics using web search logs and Twitter data from the angle of political left-vs.-right polarization. With a simple yet effective methodology we discover a number of interesting findings. For example, we show a tendency for web search queries with a right leaning to surface more results with a negative sentiment, and we give a description of political hashtag hijacking where one political camp tries to \jam the frequency" of the other one. We end with a discussion of challenges and opportunities in the area of data-driven political science that might be of interest to researchers looking to apply knowledge management in an interdisciplinary setting.


An important prerequisite to having confidence in a computer system is the construc tion of good quality assurance and quality control programs during the development of the product. The ISO 9000/EN 29000 is a very useful standard for developing a quality system for the development, supply, and maintenance of software. This pa per discusses the different subjects of the ISO 9000/EN29000 standard and indicates the documents where guidance for the application of the standard to software can be found. The end of the paper deals with the importance of certification of the com pany's quality system by a third party. Certification adds to the credibility of a sup plier and can be considered evidence of good practice.


This paper examines the social and political implications of the governance of rural, migrant workers in suburban, migrant enclaves in Beijing at the 2008 Olympic Games. The fieldwork site, Yue Village (Yuecun), where most of the migrant residents worked as ragpickers or recyclers, has been referred to by some local residents as a disorderly and troubled "garbage village." Its existence, which has been the target of regulations, conflicted with the modern image that China hoped could be debuted to the world. Just as the city was preparing for the Olympics, rumors about evicting migrant workers and demolishing their shanty towns began spreading. My fieldwork observations, however, offer contradictory findings. On the one hand, the previous invasive and violent governance of migrant enclaves was dropped in favor of subtle surveillance methods to hide rather than outright demolish these embarrassing migrant enclaves. On the other hand, the Beijing government still toed the party line regarding migrant communities, emphasizing political stability and national safety as fundamental principles. The social spaces that migrants occupy have yet to represent a level of power that threatens the government. Hiding a "Garbage Village" 3 Hiding a "Garbage Village": Changes in Urban Governance at the 2008 Beijing Olympics Situating Migrant Community in China That sunny day in July seemed to be too ordinary and tranquil to signal the forthcoming Olympics in this suburban migrant community. A while after I had left the "garbage village" with a foreign photographer, I received an emergency phone call from Principal Han, a middle-aged, migrant entrepreneur. With a threatening voice, he pleaded, "You must come back now, with the foreigner and all of the photos. If you don't come immediately, the police will shut down my school, and I will be thrown in prison for ten years. Then, you will never see me again! Come quickly!" This incident happened about one month before the Opening Ceremony for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Three hours after I ventured to a migrant enclave (nongmingong jujuqu) in a neglected corner of Beijing, accompanied by an Austrian photographer, the police confronted my informant, Principal Han, and accused him of "undermining the Olympics Games and subverting the state in collaboration with foreigners." Principal Han of Qinxue Migrant Children School, flustered and frightened, called me. The intrusion by a white, foreign man, and me, a Taiwanese, graduate student, not only broke the community's tranquility but revealed the extraordinary character of migrant communities in China as well as the hidden tensions between migrant workers and the post-socialist state. The Household Registration (hukou) System, an institutional legacy of the socialist regime, makes the social group "migrant workers" empirically and theoretically meaningful. Before the economic reforms of the 1980s, the hukou system strictly differentiated urban citizens from rural Hiding a "Garbage Village" 4 peasants and restricted their mobility from country to city (Cheng and Selden 1994). As a consequence of the Reform and Open Policy, hundreds of millions of peasants have left their hometowns to find better employment in Chinese metropolises. Their labor has been increasingly indispensable to both the national and international economy. With their contributions, China has experienced dramatic industrialization and urbanization. Their economic participation has even made China "factory to the world." The migrant worker as a social category, however, is also the very epitome of unequal development and social inequality in China. Due to the hukou system, a hidden institutional structure distributing social welfare, peasant, migrant workers in the cities have had many fewer entitlements than state workers. Neither peasants nor urban citizens, they were seen as strangers in the city, labeled "unmanageable" or "floating" people who burdened city infrastructure and brought social problems to the city government (Zhang 2001). The government's concern with security makes them subject to frequent and severe regulation. 1 Regulations targeting migrants primarily focus on their communities. The suburban areas outside the Fifth Ring Road in Beijing, for example, are where many migrant workers gather and build themselves temporary homes. Migrant living places are usually interspersed among Beijing's rural houses with shanty-town appearances and poor urban infrastructure. The media and local, non-migrant, residents often despised these crowded spaces as dirty, disordered, and inferior corners. The Chinese government is haunted by the fear that subversion and criminality may happen in the migrant concentrating areas, especially during important events in Beijing, such as National Day (Guang 2005). The 2008 Beijing Olympics was one of the most significant events in contemporary Chinese history. Holding such a large-scale event symbolized China's growing international influence and 1 Differentiation in social rights and political entitlement is discussed by Solinger (1999) and Wu (2010). Hiding a "Garbage Village" 5 power, politically and economically. The government displayed the nation's modernity by constructing opulent buildings. At the same time, it wanted to remove negative images such as the migrant shanty towns near the Olympic Village that could embarrass it. Consequently, the media surmised that migrant workers would be evicted and many migrant enclaves would be torn down for a better city image and for national security (Wang 2008:9-10). During my fieldwork in the summer of 2008, however, large-scale evictions and demolitions did not take place. Instead, the government preferred control and surveillance tactics that were subtle and indirect. While media predictions proved wrong, many questions remain. How do the new surveillance methods and techniques differ from those of the past? How effective is post-socialist governance of problematic migrant communities? What are the implications of changes in urban surveillance? How does it signal changes in relations between migrant workers and the post-socialist state? This paper focuses on the changing governance in Chinese migrant urban enclaves through an analysis of everyday life in Yue Village (Yuecun), a migrant enclave in Beijing. I begin with a profile of Yue Village, where I conducted fieldwork and then offer an analysis of the events that occurred during the Beijing Olympics. Finally, I will discuss the theoretical implications of the case study to speculate on the changing dynamics of migrant communities in China. I argue that instead of demolition and eviction, a façade was built to cover the migrant enclaves. Moreover, ethnographic observations on the interactions between migrants and local officers show the migrants' strategies to avoid the control and reveal weaknesses in surveillance. Nevertheless, the government still takes a firm stance toward governance to protect the national image and public safety. The political atmosphere in China may be increasingly tolerant and liberal during this economic transition. New social spaces created by migrants, however, remain under surveillance. Hiding a "Garbage Village" 6 Yue Village: A "Garbage Village" Yue Village epitomizes the thousands of migrant communities in Beijing which have undergone changing rural-urban relations born of Chinese economic reform policies. Since the 1990s, more than hundreds of millions of migrant workers have left the countryside and entered cities to seek job opportunities. While they could not afford living expenses in downtown areas, suburban, agricultural land met their needs for less expensive living. During the city's rapid urbanization, new urban development policies increasingly reduced the amount of land devoted to agricultural use. 2 Local, Beijing peasants, unable to support themselves by farming on small lots or by using the compensation they received for their agricultural land, started to rent their houses and any remaining land to migrant workers or migrant entrepreneurs for added income. 3 Thus, migrant worker demand for housing and Beijing peasants able to supply it transformed these areas into the living spaces primarily for migrants. According to interviews with a government official in 2008, there were about 20,000 migrant workers and only about 1,600 local Beijing villagers living in Yue Village. Yue Village's recycling businesses and marketplaces were its distinguishing characteristics and made the small village politically sensitive. Many of the migrant workers in Yue Village worked as recyclers and recycling markets occupied the largest area in Yue Village. Hence, the town was referred by some as a "garbage village." Due to its location, situated only five kilometers north of the Olympic Village, it had a reputation as a blight on the city's modern image, especially before the Olympics. This political context of migrant enclaves in modern China will serve as a background for understanding the meaning of events in the next section. 2 In Yue Village, the Beijing government took back most of the land to increase the green zones and build city parks for the upcoming Olympics. 3 Local villagers' practice of renting their own houses and land resulted in the formation of migrant enclaves in contemporary China. Although the Chinese shanty towns were comparable in the poor living conditions to Peruvian squatters (de Soto 1989), the former differed from the latter in the conspiracy between migrants and local villagers. Hiding a "Garbage Village" 7 Yue Village's landscape is composed of migrant housing compounds (dazayuan) interlaced with the original houses of local residents. The compounds were usually owned by local Beijingers or migrant entrepreneurs. My chief informant, Principal Han, was one of the "landlords." He and his brother-in-law managed a compound and the Qinxue Migrant Children's School. 4 In his migrant


&NA; Cells which differ in function often have distinct molecular structures in their membranes. These structures can serve as markers for particular cell types and can be recognized by means of specific antisera raised against the markers. Specific antibodies against membrane markers of human cell have a number of actual and potential uses. In diseases which involve abnormal function of the immune system such as autoimmune diseases and immune deficiency, or in diseases in which the immune system plays an important role, such as transplant rejection, the enumeration of T and B lymphocytes has been carried out for some years. The more detailed analysis of functional subpopulations which is now being undertaken using functional receptors or differentiation antigens as markers is already providing a mechanistic insight into some of these diseases, and can reasonably be expected to be diagnostically useful. In the lymphocytic leukaemias and lymphomas it has become apparent that the lymphocyte type may correlate with prognostic and clinical parameters. The use of specific antibodies against differentiation antigens to classify leukaemias is helping in the understanding of leukaemia, and may in due course help in selecting treatment. The study of membrane phenotype changes during differentiation of haematopoietic and other cells is an important technique used in furthering our understanding of the process of differentiation.


Rising traffic in telecommunication networks lead to rising energy costs for the network operators. Meanwhile, increased flexibility of the networking hardware may help to realize load-adaptive operation of the networks to cut operation costs. To meet network operators' concerns over stability, we propose to switch network configurations only a limited number of times per day. We present a method for the integrated computation of optimal switching times and network configurations that alternatingly solves mixed-integer programs and constrained shortest cycle problems in a certain graph. Similarly to the Branch & Bound Algorithm, it uses lower and upper bounds on the optimum value and allows for pivoting strategies to guide the computation and avoid the solution of irrelevant subproblems. The algorithm can act as a framework to be adapted and applied to suitable problems of different origin.


In the literature of educational methods relating to the teaching of reading there has been much discussion of phonetics and the methods of phonetic analysis, but little has been said which bears directly on the pupil's methods of word recognition. This article presents the writer's view as to how pupils learn to attack and to recognize new printed words independently. The writer has arrived at these views through observation of the work of successful primary teachers of reading and through discussion with them of their plans and purposes. The article is not so much a discussion of successful methods as it is the writer's interpretation of the elements of their


We apply a variety of geometric and computational tools to improve our understanding of the Houndstooth (Pied de poule) pattern. Although the pattern must have been known for centuries, it was made famous mostly by Christian Dior and is still frequently used in many variations. It is a non-exhaustible source of inspiration for fashion designers. Houndstooth denotes a family of patterns. The French Pied de poule means "foot of hen". We create computer programs generating the patterns, trying to capture the essence of Pied de poule in programs which are as compact as possible. We use these as tools to see what happens in the extreme cases of the coarsest and finest possible grids. We find for example that, in a precise sense, the English term "puppy-tooth" is more correct than the Dutch "molentjes" for the simplest possible pattern. We find, as expected, that all patterns can be described by the Heesch-Kienzle theory of tilings (as are many works by M.C. Escher). Somewhat unexpectedly, we find that the limit case has different Heesch-Kienzle type than the regular patterns.


A T-type circuit (12) having series resistors (14, 10) and a parallel resistor (11) is disposed outside of an amplifier (3), a signal is amplified in the amplifier while by stabilizing the signal by using the T-type circuit functioning as a stabilization circuit, and the amplified signal is output. The resistances of the series resistors and the parallel resistance of the T-type circuit are determined so as to establish an output load impedance, obtained by observing the output side of the high frequency amplifier from the amplifier, to a value close to of the value of the complex conjugate impedance of the amplifier output impedance, or a value less than one. One can thus obtain an output signal having an electric power of high output and low distortion while maintaining the gain and the noise characteristic of the high amplifier frequence.Applications: satellite communication, ground microwave communication, mobile communication .


In this comment, we discuss some features of the multipolar expansion of the power radiated by a confined system of charges and currents, and the possibility of generalization to a higher arbitrary order of the multipolar expansion.


There is a regular industrial practice of disposing or emitting of chemical dye material to environment in the form of liquid effluent, which is a matter of global concern. Dyes are widely used in several industries like textile, dyeing, paper and pulp, tannery, paint industries etc. Dyes are considered an objectionable type of pollutant because they are toxic in nature and can be detected from bare eyes. Their classification can be done based on their usage, group and solubility. Various treatment processes used for the removal of dyes include adsorption, microbial degradation, wet air oxidation, ion exchange etc. Low cost adsorbents are available option for dyes removal from aqueous effluents. However, high cost of commercial adsorbents like activated carbon and others, material are losses during their usage, but by regeneration pose can be a best utilization of costlier adsorbent. Adsorbent was self-prepared in laboratory from blackberry seed, which is raw biomass. The adsorbent was characterized for BET surface area, point of zero charge, CHNS, TGA, SEM, FTIR etc. Safranin basic dye, removal from the wastewater using activated blackberry adsorbent (ABC) which was self-prepared. Here batch studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, initial concentration at 25 0C.The equilibrium adsorption data of Safranin (dye) on adsorbent were analysed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order models were used to analyze the kinetic data obtained at different concentrations. The adsorption kinetics was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. For Safranin-ABC system maximum adsorption capacity were found to 39.683 mg/g at 250C.Adsorption experiment has carried out to show that maximum adsorption and it observed in acidic medium for ABC.


It is demonstrated that by taking into account many-electron correlations within the framework of the generalized random-phase approximation with exchange, it becomes possible to describe within the experimental error the recently obtained data [Kjeldson et al. Phys. Rev. A 62, 020702(R) (2000)] on the photoionization of iodine ions ${\mathrm{I}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{I}}^{2+}$ near and above the ${4d}^{10}$-subshell threshold. Results are also presented for the single photoionization cross sections of the ${\mathrm{I}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{I}}^{2+}$ ions.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous ultrasonography-guided drainage and ethanol sclerotherapy of renal cysts.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 107 parients with 112 renal cysts which were treated with ultrasonography-guided percutaneous aspiration and ethanol sclerotherapy.Results During the follow up,we found the recovery rate of renal cysts was 99.3% and the effective rate was 100% in 107 patients.Concluston Percutaneous alcoholization of renal cysts is a safe,simple and effective method.It can be the first choice treatment for simple renal cysts.


For the problem of target glint in the terminal guidance of passive radar tracking,after the analysis of the interactive multiple model method(IMM) and its simplified version——the simplified multiple model method(SMM),an iterated unscented Kalman filter(IUKF) is used for the design of a simplified multiple model method.A typical three dimensional tracking problem is used to prove the effectiveness of the algorithm by Mote Carlo Method.The proposed method has the same order of computational cost with SMM,but with higher estimation accuracy and faster convergence speed,hence a better filtering algorithm for target glint.


Subtitle: Sourcing finished products and raw materials from China can be a challenging experience, replete with risks and obstacles at every turn. But the downside of ignoring China as a supply chain source far outweighs any of the potential pitfalls. New research and on-the ground observations can help companies source more effectively in the industrial powerhouse that China has become.


Column and batch leaching experiments were performed to quantify leaching of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn) from scrap dirt representing different activities at two iron scrap and metal recycling facilities. The scrap dirt is often found directly upon the bare unprotected soil at recycling facilities. In most cases the leaching of heavy metals was modest, within five times the leaching from reference soils, and the concentrations were usually within a factor of 2 of drinking water criteria. The high pH of the scrap dirt samples seemed to control the leaching. However, scrap dirt from car battery salvage locations was different, showing lower pH and significant leaching of lead (up to 8000 μg Pb 1-1), cadmium (up to 40 μg Cd 1-1), and zinc (up to 2000 μg Zn 1-1). The column and batch leaching experiments gave comparable results at the order of magnitude level, and both approaches are, at that level, useful for evaluation of leaching potentials from scrap dirt. The experiments showed that scrap dirt at recycling facilities constitutes only a modest leaching problem, but a long-term soil pollution problem from a land-use perspective. Leaching experiments with compost solution indicated that covering of the scrap dirt with an organic rich dressing for vegetation support would dramatically increase the leaching of heavy metals.


ABSTRACT The National Council for the Social Studies' College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework for Social Studies State Standards, an influential educational policy resource that often affects state education standards, now includes a framework and learning indicators for the academic study of religion. The publication of this new document marks a watershed moment in the movement to normalize the academically rigorous, constitutionally appropriate study of religion in K–12 public education. The Religious Studies Companion Document differs from previous guidelines not only in its reach but also in its attention to both the legal justification for the study of religion in public schools and the learning indicators that signify mastery of the disciplinary concepts and tools of religious studies. The process of drafting, revising, certifying, and submitting the document provides a model for building diverse, effective coalitions to advocate for religious studies education. Challenges remain for translating policy into practice.


It was June 6, 1858, and less than a week after arriving in Florence, Sophia Hawthorne was recording her first impressions, in her travel journal, of bella Firenze. A promenade at sunset along the Via Fornace, past the Duomo, Campanile, and Palazzo Vecchio, led to a vision of the fabled Arno river at twilight. "The Lung-Arno was lighted with gas along its whole extent, making a cornice of glittering gems, converging in the distance," Hawthorne wrote, "and the reflection of the illuminated border below made a fairy show. No painting, and scarcely a dream could equal the magical beauty of the scene. Florence is as enchanting as I expected. It is a place to live and be happy in--so cheerful, so full of art, and so well paved" (342). The idyll continued the next day, as the family reveled in their expansive quarters, the Casa del Bello, (2) secured for them by American expatriate sculptor and long-time resident of Florence, Hiram Powers. (3) "It is delicious weather to-day," Sophia records, and the air is full of the songs of birds. The merlins are in choir over against our terrace, in a wood of the Torrigian Gardens. The marble busts, on their pedestals, seem to enjoy the bosky shade. The green lizards run across the parapet, and to exist is a joy. J. [ulian] is drawing Pericles, in his little study, .... U.[na] is reading Tennyson, looking moony in white muslin. R.[ose] is playing with Stella [the servant] ... and Mr. H. is luxuriating down in the garden, buried up in roses and jessamine. "If the air stirs, it can only be by two contending butterflies," as Jean Paul says. (4) (NEI 343) Basking in beauty and a harmonious environment that nature and man have conspired to create--merlins and marble busts, bosky shade and Pericles--Hawthorne writes a Florentine paradise characterized not just by beauty but also by the ideal pursuits it actuates and the ideal family that pursues them. Tennyson and Greek sculpture occupy young minds; Americas great romancer muses in his garden; (5) and Sophia, co-creator of the family and the scene, writes it all. Certainly, this was la dolce vita. Yet this was only one side of the Florence Sophia came to know as the family sojourned there from June 1 to October 1, 1858. Other sides of the multi-faceted city emerged in her journal as the stay proceeded. Thus, by the end of her trip, in a mood reminiscent of those that frequently overtook her husband, Sophia would declare: "an inward persuasion that the fairness we see is not genuine prosperity and joy, comes at every turn in this enchanting country.... How mysterious are these old civilizations, which culminate and vanish, leaving ruin, desolation, and emptiness, shells of dead beauty, all over the earth! ... Italy, however, is not dead--only faint... (492-93). Florence, like Italy itself, held "endless worlds of meaning" for Hawthorne: my aim here is to delineate some of those meanings. First a word about the Hawthornes' Italian travels and Sophia's record of Florence. The family's continental rambles followed upon their five-year stay in England (July 1853-January 1858) during Nathaniel's tenure as Consul General to Liverpool, an appointment secured for him by his long-time friend, President Franklin Pierce. From London, in January, they traveled to Paris, and thence to Rome--the ultimate destination on any Grand Tour of Europe. The peripatetic family broke their one-year Roman stay with four months in Florence from June to October 1858, undertaken, likely, to escape the close heat of the Roman summer and the malaria that threatened there. The attempt, though, was vain: only two short weeks after returning to Rome, in early November, Hawthorne recorded in his journal that his eldest daughter Una had come down with Roman fever. She struggled with increasingly serious relapses for months until, at the end of May, 1859, she was finally well enough to travel. The weary family set out for England once more, where they remained for yet another year while Nathaniel readied his last novel, The Marble Faun, set in Rome and Florence, for the British press. …


This chapter reviews a new "theory of error," which is a way of classifying errors based on three principal types of error causes. Mechanisms and solutions are proposed for each of these major error types. The strategies for error reduction that we discuss include those aimed at systems factors, those aimed at individual and cognitive factors, and those aimed at overcoming the flaws that are inherent to the basic neurobiological makeup of human beings and that predispose us to making certain types of error in this setting. We conclude by outlining a "roadmap" for reducing error in radiology in the future.


It is with great regret that we have to announce that Mr. Theodore Besterman, Editor of The Journal of documentation since its inception in 1945, has reluctantly been obliged to relinquish the work owing to his appointment as Counsellor, Bibliographical and Library Centre of Unesco.


When I started reading the book I started by the foreword and I thought immediately that it would be another " religious " book about agility. Fortunately, it isn't! This is a serious and honest book about agile testing best practices. As said by the author, the book " provides practical guidance (…) by means of real-world case studies, and will help you to select, adopt, and use a personally customized set of agile best practices that will enable you (…) to deliver quality testing in as effective and efficient a manner as possible. " The main author, John Watkins, is also the book editor, and he is a renowned expert in testing and his opinions should be relevant. Many other authors, beside the main author, wrote the book, but it is a coherent work and not just a collection of chapters. Many of the other authors have large and impressive experience in testing and some are also authors of testing books. One of those authors is the very well known Tom Gilb. I strongly recommend this book to all project managers and test managers, even if they are not using or planning to use agile methods. People without agile interest can benefit from this book because there are many case studies showing the introduction of agile testing in more traditional environments, which allows the reader to compare his experience with others' experience. I also recommend the book to members of test teams. But this is not a book oriented to the developer. The discussion is almost always at a process and practice level, adequate for the former audiences.


This report provides an update on the evaluation of sodium compatibility of advanced structural materials. The report is a deliverable (level 3) in FY11 (M3A11AN04030403), under the Work Package A-11AN040304, 'Sodium Compatibility of Advanced Structural Materials' performed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), as part of Advanced Structural Materials Program for the Advanced Reactor Concepts. This work package supports the advanced structural materials development by providing corrosion and tensile data from the standpoint of sodium compatibility of advanced structural alloys. The scope of work involves exposure of advanced structural alloys such as G92, mod.9Cr-1Mo (G91) ferritic-martensitic steels and HT-UPS austenitic stainless steels to a flowing sodium environment with controlled impurity concentrations. The exposed specimens are analyzed for their corrosion performance, microstructural changes, and tensile behavior. Previous reports examined the thermodynamic and kinetic factors involved in the purity of liquid sodium coolant for sodium reactor applications as well as the design, fabrication, and construction of a forced convection sodium loop for sodium compatibility studies of advanced materials. This report presents the results on corrosion performance, microstructure, and tensile properties of advanced ferritic-martensitic and austenitic alloys exposed to liquid sodium at 550 C for up to 2700 h and at 650 C formore » up to 5064 h in the forced convection sodium loop. The oxygen content of sodium was controlled by the cold-trapping method to achieve {approx}1 wppm oxygen level. Four alloys were examined, G92 in the normalized and tempered condition (H1 G92), G92 in the cold-rolled condition (H2 G92), G91 in the normalized and tempered condition, and hot-rolled HT-UPS. G91 was included as a reference to compare with advanced alloy, G92. It was found that all four alloys showed weight loss after sodium exposures at 550 and 650 C. The weight loss of the four alloys was comparable after sodium exposures at 550 C; the weight loss of ferritic-martensitic steels, G92 and G91 is more significant than that of austenitic stainless steel, HT-UPS after sodium exposures at 650 C. Sodium exposures up to 2700 h at 550 C had no significant influence on tensile properties, while sodium exposures up to 5064 h at 650 C dramatically lowered the tensile strengths of the four alloys. The ultimate tensile strength of H1 G92, H2 G92, and G91 ferritic-martensitic steels was reduced to as much as nearly half of its initial value after sodium exposures at 650 C. Though the uniform elongation was recovered to some extent, these three ferritic-martensitic steels showed considerable strain softening after sodium exposures. The yield stress of HT-UPS austenitic stainless steel increased, the ultimate tensile strength decreased, and the total elongation was reduced after sodium exposures at 650 C. The dynamic strain aging effect observed in the as-received HT-UPS specimens became less pronounced after sodium exposures at 650 C. Microstructural characterization of sodium-exposed specimens showed no appreciable surface deterioration or grain structure changes under an optical microscope, except for the H2 G92 steel, in which the martensite structure transformed to large grain ferrite after sodium exposures at 650 C. TEM observations of the sodium-exposed H2 G92 steel showed significant recrystallization after sodium exposure for 2700 h at 550 C, and transformation of martensite to ferrite and high density of precipitates in nearly dislocation-free matrix after sodium exposures at 650 C. Further microstructural analysis and evaluation of decarburization/carburization behavior is needed to understand the dramatic changes in the tensile strengths of advanced ferritic-martensitic and austenitic steels after sodium exposures at 650 C.« less


Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) presenting as left supraclavicular lymph node recurrence is rare, even though it can spread to any site in the body. There are very few cases of RCC with metastasis to the head and neck areas reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of clear cell carcinoma of RCC in a 16-year-old female who presented with the left supraclavicular recurrence after 5 months of radical nephrectomy. There were no metastasis foci identified elsewhere in the body. The patient was treated with sorafenib. After treatment, the lymph node regressed in size with no significant side effects. Clinicians and pathologists both should be aware of this unusual site of presentation during the evaluation of single-site metastasis in RCC.


The article highlights the results of research works of gunshot wounds on the victim's clothes and experimental targets caused rubber bullets from firearms of limited injury where pistols and revolvers were such as "IJ-79-9T", MP-79-9TM, "Lider", "Hauda" MP-341 and "Nagan-M". These results let to determine the distance of shot within the limits of near distance.


In these lectures I will focus on the interaction between forcing, combinatorial methods and definability issues in set theory. The interplay between these topics has been remarkably fruitful, and I will illustrate it in the following three contexts: Definable Wellorders, Cardinal Characteristics at Uncountable Cardrnals and Models of the $Pr\cdot oper$ . Forct $ng$ Axiom. The first of these topics is a classical one in set theory, although interesting results have recently been proved and interesting open problems remain. The second of these topics is quite new and provides fertile ground for the application of new forcing methods. The last topic is more specialised but does hold some surprises and has led to a new kind of forcing iteration.


Sunlight fuels the drawdown and evasion of carbon in shallow northern lakes. Amplified polar warming is altering the sunlit transport and transformation of aquatic carbon at an alarming rate entailing potential for climate feedbacks. We combined experimental and retrospective approaches to explore the synoptic interlinks between underwater light, aquatic carbon biochemistry, landscape carbon cycling and climate change in two shallow subarctic lakes with divergent light and carbon regime (a clear lake low in organic carbon and a dark organic rich lake). In situ enclosures (treatments under full sunlight, sunlight without the ultraviolet [UV] spectrum, no light) were first deployed on the lakes to decipher the effect of photochemical alteration on the spectral, elemental and isotopic properties of lake water organic carbon pools under short term (four weeks) exposure. We then focused on elemental, isotopic and spectral fingerprints archived in the sediments of the lakes to trace coeval variability in aquatic primary production, terrestrial carbon transport, and underwater light under centennial climate fluctuations. We observed distinct differences in carbon biochemistry between the experimental treatments illustrating the importance of sunlight, and particularly the UV spectrum, in shaping the carbon pools of the lakes already over short time scales. Over the past centennia, sediment biogeochemical composition carried signatures of change in carbon origins (algal vs terrestrial) and shifting underwater light regime. The results shed light on how climate change and sunlight shape carbon flows in shallow northern lakes over short and long time scales.


The paper deals with the chemistry of the wing pigments of that group of butterflies known as the Pieridæ, and demonstrates the excretory nature of these pigments.


1. Int roduct I on The detection of signal sources especially at very low altitudes becomes very difficult by the use of Radio detecting and ranging. The solution for this problem can be obtained by making use of acoustic data. The acoustic signal emitted from the power plant of an aircraft is used for the flight path estimation by predicting its direction of arrival. This can be possible by utilizing the data collected by using acoustic vector sensor (AVS) and an array of scalar sensors. Acoustic sensors are appealing because they are passive, affordable, robust, and compact and the propagation of sound energy is not limited to line of sight. The low flying unmanned systems is a surveillance platform of choice in low intensity conflict scenario and it is important that maximum benefit be derived on situation awareness from its short and urgent missions 1 . Clearly, acoustics is its own nemesis because the aerial vehicle motor noise and flow noise can be significant factors when far field sources need to be listened to. Under these environments, an acoustic vector sensor (AVS) with its ability to directly measure particle velocity in three orthogonal directions together with the scalar pressure at a single point in air, offers a powerful option with its ability to determine bearing of a wideband source with simple algorithms 2 . The emergence of microflown, a particle velocity sensor in AVS configuration is a significant development in aero acoustics measurement technology. The microflown AVS sensor has been deemed 'appropriate for the battlefield context' by Hawkes and Nehorai 3 .The problem of detection and parameter estimation of low altitude flying aircraft using passive acoustical methods has been studied for years. The localization of acoustic source is usually done with sensor array in which the output of each sensor is a scalar


Currently, high-level wastes are stored underground in steel-lined tanks at the Hanford site. Current plans call for the chemical pretreatment of these wastes before their immobilization in stable glass waste forms. One candidate pretreatment approach, calcination/dissolution, performs an alkaline fusion of the waste and creates a high-level/low-level partition based on the aqueous solubilities of the components of the product calcine. Literature and laboratory studies were conducted with the goal of finding a residue treatment technology that would decrease the quantity of high-level waste glass required following calcination/dissolution waste processing. Four elements, Fe, Ni, Bi, and U, postulated to be present in the high-level residue fraction were identified as being key to the quantity of high-level glass formed. Laboratory tests of the candidate technologies with simulant high-level residues showed reductive roasting followed by carbonyl volatilization to be successful in removing Fe, Ni, and Bi. Subsequent bench-scale tests on residues from calcination/dissolution processing of genuine Hanford Site tank waste showed Fe was separated with radioelement decontamination factors of 70 to 1,000 times with respect to total alpha activity. Thermodynamic analyses of the calcination of five typical Hanford Site tank waste compositions also were performed. The analyses showed sodium hydroxide to be the sole molten component in the waste calcine and emphasized the requirement for waste blending if fluid calcines are to be achieved. Other calcine phases identified in the thermodynamic analysis indicate the significant thermal reconstitution accomplished in calcination.


As to the danger of the WLAN resources,the security defects of standards and the security flaw like WLAN cheat, WLAN hijack and so on,this paper design a security policy study of WLAN is designed.For the safe leak of the information transmission,it can provide the physics security protection by means of data encryption and data integrity checkout.For the Web standards,on the one hand,it may adopt new safety standard IEEE 802.11i to ensure the security of WLAN by means of extensible authentication protocol and three key encryptions.On the other hand,Wireless LAN Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure(WAPI) can achieve the compatibility under the various security mechanisms through elliptic curve cryptosystem of public key cryptosystem and the block cipher of private key cryptosystem.The results indicate that all above the security policy in view of WLAN provide the technical support for enhancing the relative security and actualizing Interconnection with other networks.


The formation and development of the funeral system of the Han Dynasty in Xuzhou was based on social politicsl,economiy and ideology,cultrue of that time,which was greatly common to the entire development process of the funeral system throughout the Han Dynasty.As a result of the differences among the geographical environment,the political and economic circumstances,the historical evolution,the traditional culture and the belief and so on,it also had its own characteristics.Specifically speaking,its own characteristics was obvious in the Western Han Dynasty,but it was unified with other areas in the Eastern Han period.


The practice example of the present invention relates to a selective superconductive power generation system. The power generation system, given in the practice example of the present invention, includes a power generator field magnet in which superconductive coils are used; a power generator armature in which copper or aluminum coils are used; a extremely low temperature cooling system which provides a refrigerant to a revolving filed magnet-type superconductive power generator and the field magnet of the superconductive power generator; a revolving armature-type exciter which includes an exciter field magnet and an exciter armature in which copper or aluminum coils are used; and a terminal unit which includes a power distribution circuit for distributing and supplying power generated in the exciter to the power generator field magnet of the superconductive power generator and to the extremely low temperature cooling system.


Abstract : The three volumes consist of a collection of all significant papers presented at the 8th International Conference. Subjects include: Tyre-soil interaction; theoretical aspects of ride dynamics; track-soil interaction; practical aspects of ride dynamics; operation in paddy fields; operation on steep slopes; soil compaction; steering; computer modelling; vehicle component design; measurement of soil and snow properties and soil bin facilities; and vehicle design. Keywords include: Mobility; Cross-country mobility; Off-road mobility; Soil-vehicle interaction; Vehicle dynamics.


Perennial philosophy may not be as popular as the other branch of philosophy that is more progressive, although its presence has been started in the 1500s, or even the same since scientific philosophy introduced by ancient philosophers in the Western world. Much earlier, the Hindu tradition in India has Incandesce similar virtues. The problem is, these perennial values are still hidden in the big narratives valve in the social sciences, especially post-modern. The research is just trying to recall that the pluralism and variety of contestation contained in it, still living the eternal values of immortality of all religions. Perennialisme like this would be an option in the future if there is a willingness and ability to live together in diversity. Furthermore, willing to do the inner encounter with religious others, without falling to the generic view that religions are the same, and dare to give appreciation and be fair to all religions. This research also aims to ignite the intellect at the same spirituality that perennialisme widely opens the spaces and the dialectic interaction, even meta-dialogue that results are sometimes not found. With this as context analysis, this research encourages to be discovered and developed in the perennial values of Hinduism not only to fulfill the needs of maintaining inter-religious life, but in Hindu fellowship itself.


We investigate excitation energies of hyperbolically deformed S = 1 spin chains, which are specified by the local energy scale f_j^{~} = \cosh j \lambda, where j is the lattice index and \lambda is the deformation parameter. The elementary excitation is well described by a quasiparticle hopping model, which is also expressed in the form of hyperbolic deformation. It is possible to estimate the excitation gap \Delta in the uniform limit \lambda \rightarrow 0, by means of a finite size scaling with respect to the system size N and the deformation parameter \lambda.


: Dysphagia is a prevalent problem after anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS). The incidences of dysphagia had been controversial and variable. The goal of this research would be to figure out the incidence of very early dysphagia after ACSS by having a brand new scoring system, also to determine the chance facets from it. a study that is prospectively performed and patients who undergone ACSS in the medical center was the most notable research. Dysphagia that is self-designed had been brought to most of the clients through the very first time towards the 5th time after ACSS. Peri-operative faculties of clients had been documented, and incidences and danger facets of dysphagia had been examined. A complete of 104 patients who underwent ACSS had been included and incidences of dysphagia through the very first towards the day that is fifth ACSS had been 87.5%, 79.81%, 62.14%, 50%, and 44.23%, correspondingly. There clearly was a correlation that is good this new dysphagia scoring system and Bazaz scoring system (P < 0.001). Operative time and human anatomy mass index (BMI) had been the chance facets for dysphagia through the very first towards the day that is second. But, the dC2-C7angle ended up being the risk that is main for dysphagia through the 3rd towards the 5th time after surgery. There have been comparatively high incidences of very early dysphagia after ACSS, that might be attributed to operative time, Body Mass Index together with the angle that is dC2-C7.


In this study, we investigated the possibility of using science laboratory reports in identifying students' ideas about discrepant events. A specially designed science laboratory report was developed in this study, and used to collect the information about students' responses toward discrepant events. A total of 839 laboratory reports on the solubility of gas, combustion, and the electrical conductivity of a solution were analyzed. Students' responses in the laboratory reports were classified into eight types; rejection, reinterpretation, exclusion, uncertainty, peripheral theory change, theory change, maintenance of scientific conception, and regressive theory change. In addition, reinterpretation and theory change were further classified into several subcategories. The characteristics of students' responses in this study were discussed in comparison with those of previous studies.


The relationship between Marxism and justice has always been contentious. Interpretations range from Marx as an amoralist who believed that moral norms were always a product of a specific historical mode of social organization, to Marx as a fervent moral opponent of capitalism who believed that capitalist exploitation was inherently unjust. During the 1970s and 1980s this debate reached its fullest development within the movement of Analytical Marxism. Analytical Marxism sought to apply the tools of analytical philosophy to Marxist political philosophy in an attempt to divorce Marxism from the obscurantism of Hegelian philosophy. The obscurantism of Hegelian philosophy was associated with its use of the dialectical method that seemed to violate the formal logic principle of non-contradiction and a highly abstract vocabulary which seemed to obfuscate the concepts being explained. The principle participants in the debate were Allen Wood, Ziyad Husami and Gerald Cohen. Wood took the view that transhistorical moral condemnations of capitalism were inconsistent with Marx's historical conception of morality. Cohen, on the other hand, argued that Marx thought capitalism was unjust but that Marx was not aware that he believed capitalism to be unjust. Finally, Husami defended the view that Marx regarded capitalism as morally condemnable from principles of socialist justice. In this paper I will focus on the interpretation of Marxian justice by Ziyad Husami. In the well-known paper Marx on distributive justice (1978), Ziyad Husami argues, in opposition to Allen Wood and Richard Tucker, that Marx regarded the exploitation of workers by capitalists as unjust. Wood and Tucker read Marx as only condemning economic systems internally, that is to say, according to standards set by the superstructure and ideology which arise from those economic systems and never from a transepochal point of view. Husami's contention is that capitalist exploitation is unjust because it violates what he interprets as Marx's socialist principle of justice, 'from each according to his ability, to each according to their contribution'. Husami argues that in order to end capitalist exploitation, the private ownership of the means of production must be abolished in favor of state ownership. In this paper I wish to advance three claims against Husami's specific interpretation of Marxian justice. want to argue that Husami's conception of what DeMartino (2003) calls appropriative justice does not fully capture what is unjust about capitalist exploitation. Secondly, I argue that Husami's proposed solution to socialize the means of production will not …


This work aimed to evaluate three different milling conditions, seeking the optimization of CNS isolation process. The paper sludge was chemically treated with detergent and H2O2, by two steps, to remove the noncellulosic contents (hemicellulose and lignin). After these treatments, the sample was milled with the variation of a liquid medium. The three liquids milling medium were: i) dry medium (CNS-D); ii) moist with water and (CNS-W) iii) moist with ethanol (CNS-E). The CNSs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The milled samples presented different behavior, depending on the medium applied. The CNS-W presented low efficiency due to the formation of agglomerates around the ceramic ball, resulting in larger fiber sizes (microsizes). Although, the samples CNS-D and CNS-E presented similar behavior of sizes distribution, with average size 340 nm and 373 nm, respectively, determined by DLS. The CNS-E sample presented higher yield and electrostatic stability in solution, besides not presenting loss of crystallinity, as occurred with CNS-D, observed by FTIR analysis. Thus, the isolation with ethanol showed more efficient process among the three processes studied. This work achieved the isolation of CNS; besides, it proposed an environmentally friendly isolation method, and this may add value in the paper sludge. Keywords: industrial residue, cellulose nanostructures, ball mill, cellulose characterization.


Alexander of Aphrodisias , whose commentary on De Anima has not survived but whose own immensely influential Peripatetic treatise on the soul does. This book is divided into two parts: I. Commentar ies and Commenta tors and II. In terpre ta t ions of the De Anima. The first par t provides the essential background to the second. Anyone approaching the Aristotelian commentators for the first time will find here a most useful guide. Even those who have some familiarity with this material will benefit f rom the author 's extensive knowledge o f detail and judic ious examinat ion of some of the difficult issues of dating, authorship, philosophical lineage, and so on. The second section of the book concentrates on the De Aniraa commentaries. Here the author , following the o rde r of the text of De Anima, systematically surveys the positions of the commentators on some of the central issues taken up in Aristotle 's work. These include the commentators ' efforts to reconcile Aristotle 's definition o f the soul with Platonic assumptions about its nature and Plato's tr ipart i te division of the soul with Aristotle 's not entirely clear divisions. One of the instructive features of this comparative study of the commentar ies is to see frequently how the issues that seize the imagination of modern commenta tors t rouble the ancients not at all and vice versa. Most readers will be mainly interested in the chapters on the commentar ies on the latter par t o f Book Two and Book Three of De Anima. From Plotinus onward, some of the most original philosophizing in the Platonic tradit ion focuses on self-consciousness, memory, imagination, and the integrative operat ion of the rational and arational powers. The last two chapters are filled with material about these issues as well as the perennial crux that is the elliptical account of the so-called active intellect in Book Three , Chapter Five. The commenta tors t reated here were no less puzzled regard ing this mat ter than are we. Plausibly enough, however, they found in the br ief account of separated intellect, and elsewhere, an Aristotelian psychology that is very far f rom being fairly characterized as unambiguously opposed to Plato's. The seemingly obscure chapter in the history of phi losophy that consists of attempts to assimilate Aristotle 's account of the soul to Plato's has surpris ing relevance to contemporary efforts to incorporate the kernel of truth in hylomorphism and in dualism into a more satisfying account of the soul than has hitherto been offered. Blumenthal's book provides a valuable and highly reliable introduct ion to this intensely complex mass of material. I t is a most welcome and useful supplement to the project unde r the direction of Richard Sorabji to translate into English for the first time the roughly 15,000 pages of Aristotel ian commentary . LLOYD P. GERSON University of Toronto


A vehicle parked in the open will experience an increase in temperature in the cabin that can rise quickly in blistering conditions. As a result, the temperature in the cabin will have a temperature difference with outside temperature up to 30 degrees Celsius, thus causing uncomfortable conditions for the driver or passenger if entered the cabin. By utilizing thermoelectric modules that work with peltier principle where if there is a temperature difference it will arise electrical voltage, obtained a system that can generate energy sources by utilizing heat in the cabin. A study conducted by making a simulation and making a prototype model obtained that a thermoelectric module capable of generating power of 0.14W and by placing the module in the right position will be able to help lower the temperature of the vehicle cabin to help maintain comfort in the cabin.


Research on the mechanism of disciplinary coordination is the necessary way to deepen the dis- ciplinary construction.By taking discipline as an ecosystem,and analyzing the bottleneck of the develop- ment of disciplinary construction,this paper summarizes current study about discipline systematically, analyzes significance of the research,and finally,points out the research outline.


The potential of Rhizobium etli for the biocontrol of Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita was evaluated at two inoculum levels of the pathogen. Seeds of tomato Santa Cruz `Kada' were soaked in a suspension of R. etli and sowed in pots with 1.5 l of substrate composed of soil and sand 1:1 (v:v). After twenty days, the soil of each pot was infested with 2 m/of suspension containing 0; 2,000; or 4,000 eggs of M. javanica or M. incognita. Forty-five days later, the number of galls and eggs per root system were evaluated. The seed microbiolization resulted in significant reductions of 50 % and 41.32 % in the number of galls of M javanica and M. incognita, respectively. Reduction of 47.05 % in the number of eggs of M. javanica was observed in the roots of the plants treated with the bacterium. However, the bacterium had no effect on the reproduction of M. incognita.


Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey (NZMHS) is the latest of a series of national surveys covering a wide range of countries [1]. Having built on the experience of earlier surveys, it represents the state of the art. I predict that the series of publications from the survey will be among the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry's most highly cited papers in the future, based on past experience with prevalence papers published in the journal [2]. I also predict it will have a considerable influence on mental health policy in New Zealand. Such an impact is quite understandable for a body of research which offers quite precise figures on how many people have various types of mental disorders, in which subgroups of the population these disorders are most likely to be found, on the substantial disruption they cause to people's lives, and on the unmet need for services to people with mental disorders. With data such as these, researchers can tell the public, policy-makers and politicians that we have a big health problem and that it could be better resourced and managed. These data will be very useful, but I would argue that the precision and scientific rigour is illusory. Such surveys appear on the surface to be researching scientific facts, but in reality they are constructing useful myths that can be used to galvanize public support and influence decision-makers. Below I outline some of the major myths that have been constructed. The major myths


We present the simultaneous optical and thermal analysis of a freestanding photonic semiconductor membrane made from wurtzite III-nitride material. By linking micro-photoluminescence ($\mu$PL) spectroscopy with Raman thermometry, we demonstrate how a robust value for the thermal conductivity $\kappa$ can be obtained using only optical, non-invasive means. For this, we consider the balance of different contributions to thermal transport given by, e.g., excitons, charge carriers, and heat carrying phonons. Further complication is given by the fact that this membrane is made from direct bandgap semiconductors, designed to emit light based on an In$_{x}$Ga$_{1-x}$N ($x=0.15$) quantum well embedded in GaN. To meet these challenges, we designed a novel experimental setup that enables the necessary optical and thermal characterizations in parallel. We perform micro-Raman thermometry, either based on a heating laser that acts as a probe laser (1-laser Raman thermometry), or based on two lasers, providing the heating and the temperature probe separately (2-laser Raman thermometry). For the latter technique, we obtain temperature maps over tens of micrometers with a spatial resolution less than $1\,\mu\text{m}$, yielding $\kappa\,=\,95^{+11}_{-7}\,\frac{\text{W}}{\text{m}\cdot \text{K}}$ for the $\textit{c}$-plane of our $\approx\,250\text{-nm}$-thick membrane at around room temperature, which compares well to our $\textit{ab initio}$ calculations applied to a simplified structure. Based on these calculations, we explain the particular relevance of the temperature probe volume, as quasi-ballistic transport of heat-carrying phonons occurs on length scales beyond the penetration depths of the heating laser and even its focus spot radius. The present work represents a significant step towards non-invasive, highly spatially resolved, and still quantitative thermometry performed on a photonic membrane.


Natural fertilizers were used in agriculture since ancient times and are still the best method of soil fertilization. Traditional agriculture, practiced in rural areas of Romania, contributes to the maintenance of soils fertilization ecological practices. Our research shows the evolution of the quantity of natural fertilizers used in the past 20 years at the national level and at the level of NeamŃ County captures the evolution over the seven years of natural fertilizers areas. In the analyzed period, the quantity of natural fertilizers on agricultural land is growing, but fertilized land record low values, showing that it has increased the average quantity of natural fertilizers per hectare.


The recent boom enjoyed by the canadian upstream sector is in grave danger of collapsing. Budgets for 1998 are having to be reviewed because of escalating costs


Until relatively recently, only a few insightful mathematicians and biologists were putting any thought into mathematics curricula for life science students. Most everyone accepted as true the myth that "people become biologists because they love science and hate math." "Calculus for biology" was, in most institutions, the same as "calculus for business." That began to change in 2003 with the release of Bio 2010:Transforming Undergraduate Education for Future Research Biologists by the National Research Council. This report predicted that biology research in the future would be much more quantitative than it has been, and it made specific recommendations for what mathematical topics would be important to future research biologists. The list of recommended topics went far beyond the contents of the business calculus course that most biology students were taking. Bio 2010 was followed in 2004 by creation of the Undergraduate Biology and Mathematics (UBM) program of the National Science Foundation. This program offers funding for institutions operating interdisciplinary research projects conducted by teams comprised of undergraduates and faculty in both biology and mathematics. Teaching mathematics to biology students was no longer the whole story–it was now also important to teach biology to mathematics students. The problems posed by the cross-disciplinary curriculum needs of biology students and mathematics students are different, but the traditional curriculum does not work well for either. Biology has an immense knowledge base, while mathematics has a hierarchical structure designed to best serve physical science. Few mathematics students are willing to struggle with the knowledge base required of biology students so that they can get to something of mathematical interest. Biology students, even if they have the inclination, generally lack the time to progress through the mathematics hierarchy far enough to reach something useful for biology. The topics on the Bio 2010 mathematics list are primarily drawn from probability and statistics, linear algebra, and dynamical systems, material usually treated in mathematics courses beyond


Strips of the prostatic hyperplastic nodules were studied by observing the mechanical response to application of certain drugs. Phenylephrine in doses over 5 x 10g/ml produced contraction which was abolished following treatment with phentolamine or prazosin. Adiministration of PGF2 (>5x 107 g/ml) also produced contraction, however, neither phentolamine nor atropine inhibited the PGF2-induced contraction. Low concentrations (108-10 7 g/ml) of PGE2 inhibited the spontaneously generated contraction while high concentrations (106 g/ml) produced a slight contraction. Administration of acetylcholine or isoproterenol to the muscle bath produced no response. The small hyperplastic nodules showed a higher sensitivity to phenylephrine. Sensitivity to the PGs, however, was independent from the size of nodules. The sensitivity to KC1, phenylephrine and PGs was about double that seen in case of the normal prostate tissues. Neural elements distributed in the hyperplastic nodules were fewer than in the normal prostate. Furthermore, in smooth muscle, the main component of hyperplastic nodules was estimated from the mechanical response and also from histological observations. The dense distribution of aadrenergic receptor on the smooth muscle cell membrane of hyperplastic nodules was also evident. In patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy, the urethral pressure profile in cases of acute urinary retention could be estimated from the high prostatic pressure and reduced length of the prostatic adenoma. Administration of prazosin produced a remarkable decrease in the prostatic pressure observed from the urethral pressure profile, and the clinical effects were excellent. Therefore, acute urinary retention in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy probably is related to the contraction of smooth muscle cells in the hyperplastic nodule following activation of the a-adrenergic receptors.


We consider the mobility of personal online identifiers. People change the identifiers through which they are reachable online as they change jobs or residences or Internet service providers. This kind of personal mobility makes reaching people online error-prone. As people move, they do not always know who or what has cached their now obsolete identifiers so as to inform them of the move. Use of these old identifiers can cause delivery failure of important messages, or worse, may cause delivery of messages to unintended recipients. For example, a sensitive email message sent to my now obsolete work address at a former place of employment may reach my unfriendly former boss instead of me. We describe HINTS, a historic name-trail service. This service provides a persistent way to name willing participants online using today's transient online identifiers. HINTS accomplishes this by connecting together the names a person uses along with the times during which those names were valid for that person. A correspondent who wishes to reach a mobile person can use an obsolete online name for that person, qualified with a time at which the online name was successfully used; HINTS resolves this historic name to a current valid online identifier for the intended recipient, if that recipient has chosen to leave a name trail in HINTS.


Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in children and requires an expensive and relatively unavailable sleep study for diagnosis. This study was undertaken to translate the previously validated pediatric OSA screening tool (POSAST) to the Thai language and assess its accuracy and test–retest reliability in at‐risk symptomatic children.