text:
Thursday, May 26, 2011
Folk Music and Murder Ballads
My blog sister Sharon Wildwind recently posted a blog about folk music, and a lot of people chimed in, including the rest of us Deadly Daughters, suggesting that there's still a lot of interest in traditional music and nostalgia for the heyday of its popularization in America in the 1960s. Of particular interest to mystery lovers is the subgenre of murder ballads, which began centuries ago in England and Scotland, was brought to America and preserved in the Appalachians, added to by modern songwriters, and still sung with great relish by today's aficionados of traditional music.
I was introduced to folk music in the late 1940s, when Oscar Brand, the "shoeless troubadour," had a radio show on WNYC and Appalachian ballad singer Jean Ritchie was his frequent guest. (I saw them perform, both in their eighties and still singing up a storm, as recently as 2003.) In the early 1950s, I went to a "progressive" summer camp, where I heard the legendary Pete Seeger, already a hero in those circles as the successor to Woody Guthrie, long before the Weavers burst onto the scene. In high school, I was already one of those kids who partied by sitting on the floor with our guitars rather than going to dances or drinking in cars.
I was a college freshman the year Joan Baez's first album came out. She sang the true crime song, "Mary Hamilton," in that one—well, maybe an apocryphal true crime song, in which one of the queen's ladies-in-waiting gets pregnant by the king (one of the Stuarts, reign unspecified), gets rid of the newborn by sending it out to sea in a little boat, and gets hanged for it. The second album included "The Silkie," a ballad from the Orkneys of which I already knew and sang a more traditional version: the legend of the seal turned human (to which I added a serial killer twist in a short story many years later), and "Banks of the Ohio," one of many in which a man kills his pregnant girlfriend so he won't have to marry her. (Others are "Pretty Polly" and "Down in a Willow Garden.") On the third album was "Pretty Boy Floyd," a true-crime song about a bank robber who may or may not have had Robin Hood-like ideals. (The song says yes: "As through this world I've wandered, I've met many kinds of men/Some will rob you with a six-gun, and some with a fountain pen." The recent movie Public Enemies shows a different side of Floyd.) On the same album was "Matty Groves," about a man who sleeps with a lord's wife and gets killed when the husband catches them in bed together. The Irish group Planxty had a version I like even better, in which the doomed lover is "Little Musgrave."
Somebody is always dying in folk music and its contemporary counterparts as modern songwriters continue the tradition. One of my favorites is "Long Black Veil," written in 1959 and performed by everybody from Johnny Cash to the Chieftains. That one's a paranormal murder mystery with a twist: the first person protagonist tells the story from beyond the grave, having been hanged for a crime he didn't commit with an alibi he couldn't use: he was "in the bed of my best friend's wife." In the 2000 film, The Songcatcher, a collector of Appalachian ballads in 1907 finds the local folks playing out the themes of true love betrayed and two-timing husbands murdered as well as singing the ballads brought over from England and Scotland two hundred years before. In my folksinging days, my mother always used to say, "Can't you sing something cheerful?" She didn't live to see me a published mystery writer (she'd have been 105 when the first book came out), but if she had, no doubt she would have asked, "Why does somebody have to be murdered?"
19 comments:
- Sheila Connolly said...
Love and death are the constants (and combinations thereof).
And don't forget politics. As I've probably said before, Irish music, from which Peter, Paul and Mary borrowed liberally and then popularized, commemorates many injustices perpetrated by the British oppressors (gee, maybe I'm biased).
Interesting how much social history is passed down through popular music, isn't it?
- May 26, 2011 at 8:54 AM
- Elizabeth Zelvin said...
That's especially true of the music I grew up with, Sheila. Besides the love and murder, there was Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger and all those songs from the People's Songbook.
- May 26, 2011 at 9:11 AM
I love Jean Richie! And I'm wont to sing Long Black Veil around the house. My husband's reaction is the same as your mother's, Liz.
He's a fine one to talk. He courted me by singing Irish rebel songs. Apparently he learned many of them when Will Miller was on a local children's show in the 1960s. Apparently, the show's producers had no idea what Will was singing about.
- May 26, 2011 at 9:15 AM
- Sandra Parshall said...
I love this music, still have all the old Joan Baez and Judy Collins albums (although I've upgraded to the CD versions). Some of the characters in the book I'm writing now are mountain music singers who appear at the regional music festivals and shows in the southern mountains. And yes, some of them are murder victims and at least one is a murderer.
- May 26, 2011 at 9:33 AM
- Elizabeth Zelvin said...
Sharon, my husband loves all the Irish songs about becoming a mercenary and dying in a foreign land. The less said about the offkey earworms transmitted the better.
- May 26, 2011 at 11:07 AM
- Leslie Budewitz said...
I loved the singing scenes in the movie Winter's Bone -- people gathering to sing and play, and enjoy the music. The primary vocalist was wonderful. We have a musical gathering at our house about once a year -- should be more often.
- May 26, 2011 at 12:55 PM
- lil Gluckstern said...
Oh the memories. I have been lamenting that the music of today just doesn't have power of the songs of the past-and the staying power. There was a wonderful article in the NYTimes about the singers of southeastern Virginia. These ballads are so poignant and say so much about the culture where they were born.
- May 26, 2011 at 1:47 PM
- Julia Buckley said...
I love spooky folk songs; they reflect so much about the cultures from which they sprang.
Cool post, Liz! I am still haunted by the idea of sending a little child out to sea in a tiny boat (shades of THE TEMPEST)!
- May 26, 2011 at 2:32 PM
- JJ said...
There's a ballad called "Young Charlotte", one of my favorites, that just gets down and wallows. I took a wonderful class from Sam Hinton once, and he taught it to us but wouldn't sing it again so we could get the words because he said it was too depressing. I found it by Googling so now sing/hum it sometimes. Love this subject and everyone's memories.
- May 26, 2011 at 2:47 PM
- Elizabeth Zelvin said...
Google is the best when it comes to lyrics--the old ones you don't remember and the new ones recorded by singers with lousy diction. I just looked up "Young Charlotte," JJ. Eww. And the moral is: Vanity be hanged--wear your down coat and mittens! Seriously, though, the language of the ballad was rather elegant.
- May 26, 2011 at 3:06 PM
- Jerry House said...
FYI, an interesting book on this subject is AMERICAN MURDER BALLADS by Alice Wooley Burt (Oxford University Press). It won a Special Edgar in 1959.
- May 26, 2011 at 4:44 PM
- Coco said...
Oh, Liz, you brought back such wonderful memories of so many songs I love. I wonder if you ever heard Deborah Barrable sing, "The Great Silkie?" I first heard it in 1986 and it still haunts me. Wonderful post! Thanks for the memories!
- May 27, 2011 at 12:37 AM
- Elizabeth Zelvin said...
Coco, the version of The Great Silkie that I sing (minor key, Orkney dialect which I probably garble, very different from the Joan Baez version) I learned from a fellow counselor at Girl Scout Camp who learned it in a course at the University of Florida. We used to call that kind of song transmission "the folk process."
- May 27, 2011 at 9:18 PM
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- September 30, 2011 at 12:32 AM


text:
Florence Dunning
Wilber Sorley
The Bethel Clarion
Vol. XVIII No. 15 BETHEL INSTITUTE June 7, 1939
Class Day Program
Features Awards
With the close of another school year,
preparations are again well advanced for
the annual class day program. The cap
and gown exercises will be held in the
chapel of the Junior College building
during the morning of Thursday, June 9.
Miss Ruth Fredine will play the piano
prelude and processional as the gradu-ates
march in. Devotions will be in
charge of Miss Helen Bergfalk who is
graduating from the one-year Christian
Workers' Course. As honor student in
the college, Miss Florence Dunning will
represent the graduates of that depart-ment
with an address, and Mr. Wilbur
Sorley will represent the Seminary grad-uates
of that department with an address,
Awards to graduates and other stu-dents
will be presented by the advisor or
president of each organization. Coach
William Adam will present athletic
awards; Miss Platts, forensics; Dean
Emery Johnson, Clarion; and music
awards by Ned Holmgren, president of
the Male Chorus.
Musical numbers will be rendered by
the A Capella Choir and the Bethel Male
quartet. Noon lunch will be served in
the' chapel at the close of the service.
Baccalaureate Services
Attended by Many
Sunday evening, June 4, 1939, the Bac-calaureate
services for the graduating
sophomores of the Bethel Junior College
were held at the Bethel Baptist Church
of Minneapolis. Rev. Linus Johnson of
Duluth, Minnesota, was the speaker.
President G. Arvid Hagstrom presided
over the service. The musical part of
the program was given by several selec-tions
from the choir of Bethel Church
and the Girls' Trio, which is composed
of Ruth K. Olson, Doris Moberg, and
Dorothy Beckman.
Gay, Times to Be Had
All-School picnic, Wednesday, June 7,
at Taylors Falls promises to be a gala
affair. We leave the school at 9 A. M.
for a day of relaxation and fun in "Nat-ure's
Rendezvous." (Fifty miles of
scenic beauty enroute.)
Kittenball, relay races, and a sightsee-ing
tour are some of the scheduled ac-tivities.
The Ship Docks
The ship bearing the largest, most
comprehensive copy of the "Spire" ever
published during the history of Bethel,
will arrive in port on Class Day, June
The third sailing of the ship "Spire"
will bring an edition double in size of
last year's model and twice as attractive
of any preceding publication. It will con-tain
a complete representation of school
and feature an abundance of pictures,
including the classes, faculty, athletes,
musicians, orators, socialites and social
and religious functions.
It is requested that the students who
have friends with their names on the
"Friends of Bethel," deliver the copies
personally to these people.
For thirty-three Bethelites, June 9,
1939, will be a "red letter" day!
The speaker of the evening will be Dr.
S. P. Fogdall of Clarks Grove, Minnesota,
who will present "Trinkets or a Sword?"
In addition, the Bethel male chorus and
the male quartet will furnish the musical
features of the program.
College Grads
Of the thirty-three diplomas to be pre-sented,
twenty-four will go to graduates
of the Junior College. Florence Dunning
is the honor student
for that group. The
others are Ethel
Ahlquist, Gerald
Ahlquist, Marie
Dahlberg, Henrietta
De Camp, Dorothy
Drotz, Margery Eric-son,
Ruth Fredine,
William Hagstrom,
Truman Halvorsen,
Hilton Hanson, Ned
Holmgren, Rawlin
Joihnson, Delber t
Kuehl, Mildred Lovegren, Paul Lund-gren,
Doris Moberg, Ruth Olson, Stanley
Paulson, Vernon Pearson, Olga Shenning,
Earl Sherman, Arthur Slaikeu, and G.
Archer Weniger. Special mention is made
or Olga Shenning, who is the first in the
history of the school to receive diplomas
for the two-year courses of both the col-lege
and the Christian Workers' depart-ment.
Seminary Grads
Of the Seminary graduates, Wilbur
Sorley has been de-clared
the honor
student. Others re-ceiving
their bache-lor
of theology de-grees
are Gordon
Anderson, Clifford
Dicknu, J. Egon
Hadley, Edward Nel-son,
Henry Rahn,
Frank B. Rehnstrom
(in absentia), and
Maurice Wessman.
A bachelor of divini-ty
degree will go to Ralph Johnson.
Page 2 THE BETHEL CLARION
The Bethel Clarion
1480 N. Snelling Ave., St. Paul, Minn.
Official School Paper of Bethel Institute Published twice
monthly during school year
Gordon Peterson
Virgil Olson
Carl Young
John Valine
Viola Waihela
Vernon Pearson
Alrik Blomquist Business Manager
Dorothy Drotz Asst. Business Manager
Stanley Rendahl Circulation Manager
Doris Eggleston Asst. Circulation Manager
Grace Widen—Elaine Youngquist Typists
Miss Enid Platts Editorial
Dean Emery A. Johnson Business
Your most humble roving reporter set
out to obtain some worthwhile opinions
from these specimens of humanity called
seniors. One of the first ones to be in-terviewed
was none other then that pro-digious
man of business and finance, our
Student council prexy, Archer Weniger.
Archie looked up from his English book
and said, "First of all, (pointing to his
. book) craming is still the successful pol-icy.
Secondly, start the 'Spire' early in
the year. Lastly, insist on a more defi-nite
chapel program for the year."
Having received three points of inter-est
I turned the General Sherman and
asked for a word of advice. And so with
a senioric look on his face and with chest
expanded he said, "Well, I'd say, don't
read too widely, specialize more, read
what you are supposed to read."
Seminary students take notice! Pastor
Dickau hoists up this warning, "Get
started with your thesis in September! !"
On the other hand, a sociable senior,
namely D. Drotz, proclaims this word of
advice with a "Gussie" of feeling, "Never
let studies interfere with the greater is-sues
of life."
"Ride a bicycle, it is hard on the pride
but it is easy on the pocketbook." "Tail"
Sorley, the economist.
Prof. C. E. take notice! Bill Hagstrom
dug deep and tells us that he pulled this
out of American History. "Avoid all en-tangling
Duff Wessman tells the readers after
years of observation, "Don't spend too
much time walking around the campus
with the girl-friend."
Oh yes, I cannot omit the famous last
words of the fellow who grew up in Mill-town,
Art Slaikeu. "Experience is edu-cation."
High Towers
"Bethel isn't real!" was the answer given by a graduate, on being asked her
opinion of Bethel at a distance. Her reply was a candid and profoundly descrip-tive
one. Bethel isn't real, and by that we mean that it does not identify itself
with life as it is commonly known, nor does it wrestle with the dark angels that
Challenge our present age. Anyone who protests that it does has neither entered
nor sensed the true spirit of our school.
Bethel is a high tower. For the ancient, a tower was a place of refuge whose
stone bulwarks and moats kept out invaders. Behind the bulwarks of Bethel, stu-dents
have found in a certain sense—protection. But that protection was but tem-porary
and purposeful beyond the salvation of the skin, for within Bethel's tower
they have been given the opportunity of discovering, establishing, and strengthen-ing
their own high towers.
Many sumptuous banquets of blarney are being prepared and served by com-mencement
speakers at this particular bend in the road, but the wise graduate who
has found his tower and feels confident of its strength may smile in the knowledge
of his priceless resort and murmur a paeon of praise to Bethel.
cAn .Advertising .Adage
"By your 'students' ye shall know 'the school'." A liberty is taken to apply an
old adage to a present situation, for it is pertinent for each Bethel student to re-member
this fact. In the next few days the Bethel family will be spread through-out
the land and will be meeting many people from all walks of life. Their im-pression
of Bethel will be largely formulated through the opinions given to them by
each student. If then the school is to grow in number, equipment and support, it
behooves each student to represent our school in a worth while manner through the
words that you say and the deeds that you do. Advertise the school as a loyal
Bethelite, so that it may continue to be a growing school worthy of everyone's sup-port.
"Not that I have already obtained, or am already made perfect; but I press
on, Brethren, I count not myself yet to have laid hold;• but one thing I
do, I press on . . ." Phil. 3:12-14.
In an alert and active Christian life, such as Paul's, achievement is always
outdistanced by vision. No matter to what distance achievement may go, the
vision of weaknesses, needs and opportunities is far ahead. This relationship
tends toward greater humility, greater effort, and as a result, yet greater
In the small-scale Christian life, on the contrary, the individual's achieve-ments
loom large and significant, while the vision remains short and narrow.
It is here that ignorance of weaknesses, needs and opportunities leads to the
illusion that ignorance is not only bliss but also Godliness. The result is an
incr'basing emphasis on the first-person pronouns, increasing self-satisfaction,
and a harvest Which is "nothing but' leaves."
It is the privilege of every Christian to live his life on a large and increas-ing
scale of the Pauline type. And vast areas, not only in terms of geography
but also in terms of human experience and thought, remain to be Christian-ized
by energetic Christians who are willing to admit that they have not "al-ready
obtained" and who arc willing to "press on."
—C. Emmanuel Carlson.
Associate Editor
Associate Editor
News Editor
Feature Editor
Sports Editor
Page 3
Reggy Sez . . .
deer susie howbeya huh quesohun mark
i are all washed out frum studiin on ac-count
uv becuz ixams is cum ,und gone
period lots uv the chilluns herabouts got
canoo struck memorial -dad nite und
seemed ta injoy ut umensily didencha
carol und everett fer exumple period und
wat cuple were almost got left behind
cuz they went a-strollin wen everibodi
else was ulmost went home period won
uv our johnson gulls sed ta prof carlson
she sed comma c E yew iz cruel comma
'n mi o mi her face wasnt onli pink
period dean Johnson gave tha gradu-achun
class a rite fine time ut turtle
lake not so long igo und ethel allquist
added ta tha fun uv ut all wen she upped
and failed inta the water und got all
wet period sofistukated sofs comma i
wunder period grant sammy haz learned
frum a sad experiunce thut ta bee a
ladi's hair fixer requires sum diplomacee
comma does tha sock she gave ya still
hurt grant quesohun mark g'bi reggy.
(Ye ed's note: We've had just as
tough a time making all this out during
the year as you have had, so plez don
blaim us fur all tha stuf whats bin hear!
We now would like to expose this wicked
weaver of whittled words, this witty
whimsical woman of wandering wares,
Miss Viola Waihela. Our thanks to you,
Darry Produce
In a recent discussion about whiskers
someone remarked, (in Snuffy's pres-ence),
that Warren had no beard. Snur-fy
came to the aid of the gentleman in
question with an indignant, "He has
* * * *
After hearing so much about the "$30
every Thursday" plan, a brilliant college
student proposed the plan of "$50 every
Tuesday," on the basis that it was two
days earlier, and $20 more.
* * * *
Miss Nelson says that Delbert Kuehl
would be a very nice boy, if he didn't
* * * *
Don't be like the lightening bug which
the chapel speaker mentioned last
The lightening bug is brilliant,
But he hasn't any mind.
He struggles through existance,
With his headlight on behind.
(Continued on page 4)
1573 University Ave.
Midway 9910
June 7. All-school picnic.
June 8. Spire makes appearance.
June 9. Commencement.
June 10. Suitcase packing.
Who's Who?
Plans have been made for next year in
regard to the extra curricular activities
and officers have been elected to serve
in their respective capacities. The lead-ers
for the groups on the campus are as
Student Council
Roger Goodman, president; Maurice
Lawson, vice president; Gladys Peterson,
secretary and treasurer. The represent-atives
from the various groups are Alex-is,
Carl Lindman; Athletics, Gordon Pe-terson;
Clarion, Alrik Blomquist; College
Club, Ethel Tederman; Forensics, Joyce
Johnson; Music, Ruth Olson; Religious
Council, Herschel Rogers; Seminary,
Bruce Fleming, and Spire, Karl Karlson.
Seminary Seniors
Carl Lindman, president; Herman.
Tegenfeldt, vice president and Henrietta
Carlson, secretary-treasurer.
Seminary Middlemen
Carl Holmberg, president; Jack Berge-son,
vice-president; Gladys Peterson, sec-retary
and Alrik Blomquist, treasurer.
Religious Council
Herschel Rogers, president; William
Hagstrom, vice president; Pearl Peter-son,
secretary; Paul Lundgren, treasurer.
College Club
Donald Ganstrom, president; Milton
Holmberg, vice-:president; Olga Ander-son,
secretary; Eunice Elmgren, treas-urer.
Male Chorus
Virgil Olson, president; Maurice Law-son,
vice-president;, Wyman Hanson, sec-retary;
Carl Young, treasurer; Earl
Sherman, financial secretary; Sidney
Carlson, librarian.
A Cappella Choir
Folke Ferre, president; Roger Good-man,
vice-president; Ethel Tederman,
secretary; Alrik Blomquist, treasurer.
"B" Club
Virgil Olson, president; Jack Borgeson,
vice-president; Francis McOlash, secre-tary-
Boarding Club
Bruce Fleming, Maurice Lawson, Ethel
Tederman, Verna Norquist and Warren
Johnson are on the board but the officers
have not been elected.
Who's Where?
Gerald Ahlquist: Bible school in First
St. Paul; Bernice Anderson: teach Bible
school; Ellen Antonson: indefinite;
Dorothy Asplund: nursing in Belling-ham;
Jack Bergeson: pastor at Jesse
Lake, Minn.; Alrick Blomquist: mission-ary
work in Northern Minnesota in house
trailer; Ambrose Collins: ministry and
carpenter work; Henrietta De Camp:
teach Bible schools in Wisconsin; Doris
Eggleston: teach Bible school and stay
home; Ruth Erickson: Bible school at
Sunrise, Queen, and Lengby; Evangeline
Flaming: home; Vivan Fons: indefi-nite;
Bert Friberg: pastor at Mapleton,
J. Egon Hadley: pastor at Hayden
Heights Baptist Church; William Hag-strom:
with house trailer and Alrik
Blomquist; Truman Halvorsen: trip out
west, church at Hillman; Milton Holm-berg:
home on father's farm; Alvera
Johnson: indefinite; Carol Jdhnson: in-definite;
Orville Johnson: assistant pas-tor
at Temple Baptist church, Duluth;
Warren Johnson: indefinite; Thor Koni-medahl:
indefinite; Delbert Kuehl: in-definite;
Marjorie Lager: indefinite;
Sydney Larson: pastor of Lakeside Bap-tist
church, Wentworth, Wis.
Francis McOlash: running an excur-sion
boat, taking charge of retail fish
market; Dury Miller: pastor at Wood
River and Falum churches in Wisconsin;
Ruth Nelson: office work at Balsam
Lake, Wis.; Verna, Nordquist: office or
clerking at LaGrande, Oregon; Ruth K.
Olson: teaching Bible school; Vernon
Pearson: church, Hillsdale, Wis; J. Gor-don
Peterson: D. V. B. S., and Boys'
camp work; J. Stanley Rendahl: pastor
at Prentice, Wis.
Herschel Rogers: "I plan to work in
the cherries at Lewiston, Idaho, and in
the apricots and peaches near San Fran-cisco,
Calif"; Ethel Ruff: to Stockholm,
Sask., to organize and care for church;
Grant ISamuelson: work in Warren Na-tional
Bank, Warren, Pa.; Annabelle
Sherman: teach Bible school; Earl Sher-man:
work in Rousseau-Sprague field;
Arthur Slaikeu: D. V. B. S.; Herman
Tegenfeldt: pastor at Spring Vale,
Minn.; John A. Valine: travel for school;
Robert Peterson: work in Midtown Cof-fee
Shop; Elaine Youngquist: work in
office at Ludington, Mich.
PRINTING T..- THE ANDERSON PRESS liF 4209 Standish Ave. — Minneapolis
Page 4 THE BETHEL CLARION
Last Two Games
Bring Defeat
Waldorf Wins
Climaxing the day's activities with 10
runs in the ninth inning, Waldorf, con-ference
champions, handed Bethel their
fourth conference defeat in a row on Fri-day,
May 26. Starting with two runs in
the first inning, the Forest City team hit
and scored in every inning except the
fourth and sixth. All but two Waldorf
men hit safely and every man scored at
least one run. Carl Holmberg, Bethel
first sacker, led in hitting with three
hits in as many trips to the plate.
Bethany Beats
Playing on a muddy, rain-soaked field,
Bethany defeated Bethel in the season's
final home game on Saturday, May 27.
One big inning for the Bethany nine
blasted Bethel's hope of victory. On the
fifth inning, eight hits, four walks, and
one hit batsman combined to score 12
runs for the victors. Mauseth pitched a
nice game for Bethany only allowing five
hits, striking out six, and only allowing
two walks.
Due to a sudden downpour, the sea-son's
final baseball game with Concordia
College had to be canceled. Being so
near to the end of the school year the
game will not be played at a later date.
From the Coach
This year in athletics has been an en-joyable
one, the spirit and cooperation
amongst the boys and the girls has been
wonderful. In basket ball we had a very
successful season, the best in the history
of the college, finishing second in the
conference standing. The loss of Cap-tain
Carl Young and Wilber Sorley will
be keenly felt, but with the return of
Captain-elect Applequist, Peterson, John-son,
Hovinen, Paulson, we see nothing
but the championship in store for us next
In baseball things did not go so well.
Lack of interest on the part of some on
the team and the caliber of the other
teams in the league being much improved
played a major role in the poor showing
of our team.
Being that tennis displayed such inter-est
and ability this year, we will try and
arrange a practice schedule of games for
Rain, Rain, Go Away
Come Again Some Other Day
Even a rain storm was not enough to
interfere with the fun which members of
the Christian Workers Course had at
their picnic on May 25. Because of the
rain, they met in the coffee shop at about
5 p. m. They played several indoor
About 7 p. m.' some of the students
went to the fireplace in Como Park and
roasted marshmallows and sang songs.
Professor and Mrs. Wingblade attended
the picnic in the coffee shop and Profes-sor
and Mrs. Norstrom accompanied the
students who went to Como Park.
Darry Produce
(Continued from page 2)
We must be affected by the spring
weather because poetry seems to be our
specialty for today, or maybe its because
of our literature course.
When we come to the end of our Senior
And gaze enrapt at our marks,
Then we dream of the school days now
gone by
Of lessons, and happy larks.
But oh, when our eyes grow dim with
And nothing appears of use,
We'll turn to our yellowed Clarions
And read old "Darry Produce."
Auf Wiedersehen.
the next year. Next year the girls' bas-ketball
team will enter a regular league
with the hopes of once again entertain-ing
a championship team.
This year at Bethel has been an enjoy-able
one and we thus wish to thank each
one for the cooperation in the athletic
program. This summer eve hope to rep-resent
the school throughout the Mid-west
states, looking forward to a bigger
and better school next year.
—Coach William Adam.
Bethel Baptist Church
24th St. and 28th Ave. S.
Rev. W.AILFRED HOLMBERG
Minneapolis, Minn.
Central Baptist Church
Roy and Shield St.
Rev. ERIC ANDERSON
St. Paul Minnesota
1535 W. Como Ave.
Props.—p. Ganstrom, R. Peterson
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1193 Payne Ave. TOwer 2910
Hamlin Hardware Co.
F. 0. Hagen J. W. Hagen
755 North Snelling Avenue, St. Paul
Westlund's Market House
Quality Meats and Provisions
597 N. Snelling, cor. Thomas
We Deliver NEstor 1321
8th St. and 13th Ave. So.
Pastor, A. E. SJOLUND
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Pittsburgh Coal Company
Cedar 1851
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subset: commoncrawl


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- Details
- Category: Pesticides
- Published: Wednesday, 22 November 2017 03:56
- Written by Drew Matthews
- Hits: 13246
A pesticide is defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Federal Insecticide Rodenticide and Fungicide Act (FIFRA) is: "Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest".
Some UDAF Pesticide Program employees like the definition of: "If it is a word that ends in I-D-E it is a pesticide". Pesticides include: Insecticide, Herbicide, Fungicide, Rodenticide, and many more. Generally, if it kills something and it is used to kill something, it is a pesticide.
So everybody is a pesticide applicator?Yes, most people use pesticides in their everyday life. If you look at the products you use and see an EPA Reg. number on the label - it is a pesticide. Some pesticides we use are not labeled, or registered with the EPA - these are actually still pesticides. All pesticides need to be used safely and according to manufacturers instructions and good common sense. NOT ALL PESTICIDES REQUIRE YOU TO HAVE A LICENSE, in fact - very few do.
In the Pesticide Program, one thing we do is enforcement of pesticide law. Any registered Pesticide, even those used in the home, have a label and "Directions for Use" on the label. The label is approved by the EPA. The first sentence on the label under "Directions for Use" is always; "It is a violation of federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling." The UDAF Pesticide Program administers this law (FIFRA and the Utah Pesticide Control Act) in Utah. Any use of a pesticide is subject to these laws regardless if the person applying them is licensed or not.
If any pesticide is used in the process of making money, in the State of Utah, you need a Utah Commercial Pesticide Applicator License.
If you use a pesticide for your employer, usually only on the employers property, you may need a Utah Non-Commercial Pesticide Applicator License, the law only requires this license to apply Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP).
Utah Commercial and Non-Commercial Pesticide Applicator Licenses are used for specific purposes. For a description of the categories of licenses please read: How to Certify and Become a Licensed Utah Pesticide Applicator
If you raise a plant for an agricultural purpose, you may need a Utah Private Pesticide Applicator License. If pesticides are used on your property for an agricultural commodity it is highly recommended you obtain a Utah Private Pesticide Applicator License. and review the requirements of the Worker Protection Standards (WPS) carefully with UDAF.


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Interview with Roger
Full Name: Roger Hjelmstadstuen
Date of Birth: 11/3/79
Hometown: Oyer
Home Mountain: Hafjell, Norway
Riding Since: 1992
Sponsors: Airwalk, Arnette
Board/Stance Preference: Directional
If you could ride anywhere in the world, where would you go?
New Zealand, Alaska.
Favorite Terrain: Everything
First Time: It was with my friend in Hafjell, Oyer.
If you didn't snowboard what would you be doing right now?
Go to school and get smart.
What do you do when you're not snowboarding?
Skateboard and listen to music.
Who most influences your style?
Everyone, Scandinavians.
Who do you ride with the most?
With the Airwalk team and Scandinavians.
If you were going on a trip and could only take five things with you (other than a change of clothes and your snowboard) what would those things be?
Skateboard, CD's, toilet map, heaters for my boots, my camera.
My Favorites...
Color: Blue
Food: Pizza
Month: December
Number: 6 (even numbers)
Mountain: Hafjell
Time of Day: All day and night
Airline: SAS
Car: SL 600
Animal: Dog


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Bentley Flying Spur
Bentley says its second-generation Flying Spur is faster, more powerful and more fuel efficient than the current model.
The four-door sedan has a lower, wider appearance and a more aggressive stance. The sedan is powered by a 6.0-liter, twin turbocharged W-12 engine coupled to a ZF eight-speed transmission that develops 616 hp, up from 552 hp in the current car.


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Arian Foster leads the NFL with 103 carries through four games. That puts him on pace for 412 rushes this season. That's a lot.
Only five players have reached the 400 Club. Unless your name is Eric Dickerson or perhaps Eddie George, you're never the same after it. Larry Johnson is still looking for his burst under the couch cushions.
Schaub's Texans get love on the AFC side. More ...
Foster could stand to carry the ball a bit less, but that doesn't mean he will. Houston Texans coach Gary Kubiak won't shy away from the possibility of Foster keeping up his pace for 17 weeks.
"He can handle it; I know that," Kubiak said Monday, via Nick Scurfield of HoustonTexans.com. "You never know how the season's going to go."
For obvious reasons, Kubiak should think twice before subjecting his star to that type of punishment. And besides, have we forgotten that the Texans have one of the NFL's best backup running backs in Ben Tate? Tate is dealing with a toe injury, but still ...
Foster carried the ball 327 times when he won the rushing title in 2010. There's no reason for him to go much further beyond that. Pump the brakes, Gary.
Follow Dan Hanzus on Twitter @danhanzus.


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Nursery Ravine
Nursery Gambols
Getting There
From the city, take De Waal Drive (M3) in the direction of Muizenberg, at the first traffic light intersection turn right (southwards) into Rhodes Drive (M63) and follow the signs to Kirstenbosch.
Nursery Gambles
Leave the Nursery Ravine path about 100m from the top. There is a faint path through the thick fern overgrowth leading to the rock face on the right, about 25m long. Move up along the foot of the rock, through a clump of trees to a recess, which after 7 meters changes into a long, narrow overhang. This overhang stretches some 20 meters across the bottom section of the buttress. The recess is directly under the left-hand end of the 20m overhang.
1. 21m '13': Climb 5m up the recess, then traverse 15m to the right under the overhang to a widening ledge. Traverse another 2m to the right to set up the stance below the obvious right-angled recess. Crux is the wet mossy beginning of the traverse. A large yellow or blue camalot protects a step-over at the end of traverse.
2. 10m '9': Climb a right-angled recess which ends in a crack with a chockstone in it.
3. 11m '13': Climb up into the recess, continue to a small ledge, then traverse around to the left into a deep chimney.
4. 7m '9': Climb a chimney to a ledge under a big overhang. Walk 7m to the left to a notch in the overhangs with a dassie-ledge (a dassie is a small animal) immediately under it.
Editors note: we could not find pitches 3. and 4. so we did P3 of Buccanneer (20). For this we started in a right-facing corner 10 m to the right of P2. This pitch is just to the to the left of the big tree and follows a corner about 20m up to another very large ledge. The pitch has a bottomless start, and a tricky move or two higher up as well. Gear placement is a bit tricky. For confident 20 leaders only. 5. 10m '16': Move 5m to the left. Climb into the right-facing corner, using the crack system. Start is the crux, reach high for good hand holds to pull through. Feet are the challenge here. Good gear protects the crux move (cam or hex in the "notch"). Continue on easier terrain up the recess to a stance.
6. 7m '9': Climb a chimney, passing to the left of a projecting flake/block. There is a stance in the cave.
[This is not a grade 9 chimney. More like 12. We linked pitches 5. and 6.]. 7. 13m '14': Climb up into the crack, then move out right underneath and along it to round the overhang. Climb the right-hand one of two recesses above the exit to the crack. This pitch is extremely exposed, takes good gear, but is not for the faint at heart. The airy traverse is probably the reason that this whole climb exists to begin with. Think of the first ascentionists that probably opened this thing ground-up in an era before cams were invented.
Descent: Walk of to the left to the top of Nursery Ravine.
Heni Snijders & Marie Kotze 28/01/1967
<googlemap lat="-33.983333" lon="18.416667" version="0.9" type="hybrid" zoom="13" width="600" height="600" controls="small" overview="yes"> -33.983333, 18.416667, Nursery Ravine </googlemap>


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Promoting proper feeding for infants and young children
The challenge
Malnutrition is responsible, directly or indirectly for about one third of deaths among children under five. Well above two thirds of these deaths, often associated with inappropriate feeding practices, occur during the first year of life.
Nutrition and nurturing during the first years of life are both crucial for life-long health and well-being. In infancy, no gift is more precious than breastfeeding; yet barely one in three infants is exclusively breastfed during the first six months of life.
The response
The World Health Organization recommends that infants start breastfeeding within one hour of life, are exclusively breastfed for six months, with timely introduction of adequate, safe and properly fed complementary foods while continuing breastfeeding for up to two years of age or beyond.
Promoting sound feeding practices is one of the main programme areas that the Department of Nutrition for Health and Development focuses on. Activities include the production of sound, evidence-based technical information, development of guidelines and counselling courses, provision of guidance for the protection, promotion and support of infant and young child feeding at policy, health service and community levels, production of appropriate indicators and maintenance of a Global Data Bank on Infant and Young Child Feeding.


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I am thinking of the Advent Wreaths I have known.
I did not grow up United Methodist. I was in seminary before I ever heard the word Advent. I had had no idea when I first heard it, or for a while thereafter, what it might meant.
I had a little better sense of the word Lent, but only because one day one of my colleagues came into theology class dressed in dark clothing with an smudge of ash on her head. I was confused (much as, years later, a physician in one of my congregations saw me from a distance and came running over to me, sure I had banged my head on something and wondering if I needed his attentions), but in my defense, I was not alone.
In sum, I did not grow up with Ash Wednesday or Advent Wreaths or any other �outward form.� In fact, I had been taught both long and well to distrust such ceremonies as �forms of godliness without the power.�
Here and there, though, I began to see a reality beyond my small experience and narrow prejudice. I began to sense both the beauty and indeed the power of ritualized and corporate recollection � that the faith I had imagined to be primarily personal (which tended to private), was in fact corporate; and that the ceremonies, the liturgies and litanies, were gifts of the Spirit to the community, and to each member of it, for the purpose of accurate recollection and spiritual.
I have come to love the Advent Wreath in particular: the scriptures of hope and waiting, the joy in the midst of the cycle, purple to pink, change amidst the relentless purposes of Redemption. Which is not to say there haven�t been funny moments attending. I remember walking into the small sanctuary of a church I served. It was the First Sunday of my first Advent with them. One of the ladies was readying our wreath for the service, only something was not quite right: there were four white candles in the greenery and one huge purple candle in the center.
For decades, now, I have maintained the traditional arrangement � purple, purple, pink, purple, then white on Christmas Eve (I don�t care for the blue). The logic is this � as a season of spiritual preparation, Advent originally featured fasting and �mortification.� By self-denial, Christians �created space� into which holiness might be born. But because the Nativity is also Good news, Sunday, the �pink� Sunday and its week, were given to feasting.
Now, though, this joyful �break-fast� has almost no meaning. Why? Because we feast all the time! The entire season is bloated with acquisition and consumption and celebration.
So I am thinking it is time for a change: three pinks and one purple (I still don�t like the blue). I wonder if we could agree among ourselves to incorporate at least one week of fasting, of self-denial and Sabbath, into Advent? Not only for old times� sake, but for the sake of the New Time to come.
Dr. Tom Steagald is pastor of Lafayette Street United Methodist Church


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European Commission
Press release
Brussels, 9 April 2013
Antitrust: Commission opens investigation into MasterCard inter-bank fees
The Commission has opened formal proceedings to investigate whether MasterCard may be hindering competition in the European Economic Area (EEA) with regard to payment cards, in breach of EU antitrust rules. The Commission has concerns that some of MasterCard's inter-bank fees and related practices may be anti-competitive. An opening of proceedings does not prejudge the outcome of the investigation.
Payment cards are of crucial importance across the EU internal market, in particular for purchases across borders or over the internet. European consumers and businesses are making more than 40% of their non-cash payments per year by card. It is therefore a priority for the European Commission to prevent competition distortions in inter-bank arrangements on fees and other conditions. In 2007, the Commission already prohibited some of MasterCard's inter-bank fees and the Commission is currently investigating Visa.
The Commission has now opened an in-depth investigation into:
(i) inter-bank fees in relation to payments made by cardholders from non EEA countries – as opposed to fees for cross border transactions within the EEA that were already prohibited in 2007 (see IP/07/1959 and MEMO/07/590). Such fees apply for example when a US tourist uses his MasterCard credit card to make a purchase at a merchant in the EEA;
(ii) all rules on 'cross-border acquiring' in the MasterCard system that limit the possibility for a merchant to benefit from better conditions offered by banks established elsewhere in the internal market and
(iii) related business rules or practices of MasterCard which amplify the Commission's competition concerns (like the "honour all cards rule" which obliges a merchant to accept all types of MasterCard cards).
These fees and practices may restrict competition. The inter-bank fees are generally passed on to the merchants, leading to higher overall fees for them. Ultimately, such behaviour is liable to slow down cross-border business and harm EU consumers.
In addition to its antitrust enforcement action, the Commission intends to propose before the summer a regulation on inter-bank fees for card payments that will ensure legal certainty and a durable level playing field across the EU for all providers.
In 2007, the Commission prohibited MasterCard's cross-border inter-bank fees within the EEA (see IP/07/1959 and MEMO/07/590). In May 2012, the General Court rejected MasterCard's appeal against that decision (see MEMO/12/377 and case T-111/08). MasterCard has appealed the judgment.
In parallel, the Commission is also investigating similar practices by Visa (see IP/12/871).
The Commission favours a level playing field between payment card providers. This is why the investigations relating to the two major providers - MasterCard and Visa – are running in parallel. Looking beyond MasterCard and Visa, the Commission has announced its intention to propose legislation on inter-bank fees for payment cards before the summer. Once adopted by the Council and the European Parliament, such rules should provide legal certainty and a level playing field for all providers.
Article 101 of the TFEU prohibits anticompetitive agreements and decisions of associations of undertakings. The implementation of this provision is defined in the Antitrust Regulation (Council Regulation No 1/2003), which can be applied by the Commission and by the national competition authorities of EU Member States.
Article 11(6) of the Antitrust Regulation provides that the initiation of proceedings by the Commission relieves the competition authorities of the Member States of their competence to also apply EU competition rules to the practices concerned. Article 16(1) of the same Regulation provides that national courts must avoid giving decisions which would conflict with a decision contemplated by the Commission in proceedings it has initiated.
The Commission has informed MasterCard and the competition authorities of the Member States that it has opened proceedings in this case.
There is no legal deadline to complete inquiries into anti-competitive conduct. The duration of an antitrust investigation depends on a number of factors, including the complexity of the case, the extent to which the undertaking concerned cooperates with the Commission and the exercise of the rights of defence.
More information on this investigation will be available on the Commission's competition website in the public case register under the case number 40049.
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Fertilizers are compounds given to plants to promote growth. They are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar feeding, for uptake through leaves. Fertilizers can be organic (composed of organic matter), or inorganic (made of simple, inorganic chemicals or minerals). They can be naturally occurring compounds such as peat or mineral deposits, or manufactured through natural processes (such as composting) or chemical processes (such as the Haber process).
Use of fertilizers by type and year refers to the yearly extent of fertilizer use in agriculture per unit of agricultural land area.
What is the source of the definitions below?
Types of Fertilizers
Nitrogenous fertilizers refer to the nitrogen content of commercial inorganic fertilizers.
Phosphate fertilizers refer to commercial phosphoric acid (P2O5) and cover the P2O5 of super-phosphates, ammonium phosphate and basic slag.
Potash fertilizers refer to the potassium oxide (K2O) content of commercial potash, muriate, nitrate and sulphate of potash, manure salts, kainite and nitrate of soda potash.
NPK Mix: NPK is an acronym for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: the three nutrients that compose a complete fertilizer. They are also the three nutrients plants extract from soil in the greatest quantity and are available in synthetic, organic, and mineral forms.


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Deceased Search
The Southern Metropolitan Cemeteries Trust's Deceased Search Facility allows you to search the records of Springvale Botanical Cemetery, Bunurong Memorial Park and St Kilda Cemetery.
We are currently working towards making the records of Cheltenham Memorial Park and Brighton General, Cheltenham Pioneer, Dandenong Community and Melbourne General cemeteries online.
Please see Deceased Search Help to guide you through using the facility.
Click here to read the Terms and Conditions for the use of the Deceased Search Facility.
If you have any further queries, please contact us.
Click here if you would like to return to the Home Page.


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I did it! I made another list. I didn't think it would happen, but it happened. No more lists, though. This is the last one for 2016.
Lots of black metal this year. And I mean lots. But it's all A+ Amazing. I didn't hear too much doom (or rather too much premium doom) this year, but, again the doom that was good was really fucking good. There's tons of weird shit in here that pushes the limits of metal that you should come to expect from my metal lists. Also, I gotta say I'm surprised at the amount of color found on these album covers. 10 of them feature full multi-colored artwork and even more toss in some non-greyscale-but-still-monochromatic flair.
I did something that some of you may find treasonous. I have 2 records tied for first place. So, technically, this is a Top 21 list, but whatever. I spent way too long (like, weeks, maybe even months?) trying to decide which of the two I loved more and just couldn't settle on one answer for more than a few days. And when I was putting this post together I realized "fuck it, there's no reason I need to choose one over the other" and thus the Tied For Number 1 spot was born. I'm happy about it and you should be too.
As usual, I try to keep the big names/labels off the list because I'm definitely not a metal blog and I'm sure you all know that The Body, Ash Borer, SubRosa, Cough, ColdWorld, and Primitive Man put out truly outstanding records this year. You don't need another site to tell you how good they are.
Thanks for reading. Thanks for listening. Thanks for making incredible music.


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Aiming to justify a claim to its "world's leading provider of open source solutions" tagline this week is Red Hat with its developer and user summit being staged in Boston. The event sees news of the now generally available JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6.
As companies like Red Hat refine their cloud automation tools, we are seeing an increasing emphasis on cloud-ready architectures being presented from the start of the development process. As such, the latest JBoss iteration comes with the ever-present "management and usability" marketing message, which, at a more granular level, we can take to actually refer to the platform's ability to allow programmers to move their application development and deployment to the cloud without the need to "re-skill or diverge" from open industry standards.
NOTE: JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 is the runtime engine that drives Java workloads in Red Hat OpenShift, the firm's Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) offering.
So how should software engineers now look to cloud development and deployment?
Red Hat says that JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 is "architecture expansive" (not an expression that the company has officially coined, but you never know) in that can be easily deployed in on-premise, private, and public clouds. There is, of course, every argument to say that while many industry commentators argue that hybrid cloud is the way forward, applications may evolve across different cloud structures as time goes on, so building this openness in now is arguably a good idea.
So what else do programmers want from a modern cloud platform? Red Hat says that they want "pluggability" and "lightweight-ness" (if you will excuse the clunky terminology) — creating a programming platform and environment that is based upon a modular set of services that are dynamically allocated based upon the needs of the deployed applications in any given scenario.
NOTE: The theory is that this provides application isolation and helps prevent issues with classes and dependencies commonly associated with older application server architectures.
Red Hat's middleware VP Craig Muzilla argues that there is constant pressure to view the cloud as the key enabling vector by which we may deliver applications faster — but the caveat is that enterprises will only want to do this if they can approach the cloud "on their own terms".
Red Hat's Most Ambitious Release, Ever
Jay Lyman, senior analyst for enterprise software at 451 Research is clearly impressed: "The JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 update lives up to its billing as Red Hat's most ambitious release of the software ever, with capabilities and features in cloud computing, mobile software, and big data — all of which are key strategic areas of enterprise deployment."
Red Hat could probably be said to be delivering much of this functionality before the version 6 iteration of this platform, but the company asserts that this offering brings old tools and new together in a much leaner package.
"JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 offers developers the ability to programmatically manage applications and automate application deployment processes whether used standalone or integrated with their own management tools, including private clouds. This lets IT groups focus on building new capabilities instead of investing resources in supporting existing applications," said the company.
JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 is optimized for multi-core as well as virtualized environments. This feature results in a low-memory footprint and faster start-up times. The solution also offers enhanced resource utilization and port management, which simplifies the effort behind deploying JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 into virtualized environments.
In addition to Java EE 6 support, JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 supports a range of Java Virtual Machine (JVM)-based frameworks, including Spring, Struts, and Google Web Toolkit, as well as a variety of open source development tools.


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Editor's Note: Tune in Sunday at 10a.m. or 1p.m. ET for Fareed Zakaria GPS on CNN.
By Fareed Zakaria, CNN
This past week, the Supreme Court deliberated over a controversial Arizona immigration law. It comes amidst a climate of hostility. Just look at what candidates said during the Republican primaries:
"Mitt Romney will complete construction of a high-tech fence," the candidate announced on his campaign website. Michele Bachmann promised to "build a double-walled fence." And Herman Cain said: "We're going to have a fence; it's going to be 20 feet high; it's going to have barbed wire on the top."
The fence in question guards a third of America's 2,000 mile-long border with Mexico. Supporters of harsher laws argue that 3 out of every 5 illegal immigrants are from Mexico. But just as American hostility is reaching a crescendo, the problem might be disappearing.
I was struck by a Pew report I saw this week. It says a historic pattern of migration has been reversed. Comparing two recent five-year blocks, the report finds that not only has the number of Mexicans immigrating to the U.S. declined by 50 percent (from 3 million to about 1.4 million), the number of Mexicans going the other way back home has doubled. Seven hundred thousand Mexicans in the U.S. moved back between 1995 and 2000. But that number increased to 1.4 million between 2005 and 2010.
The decline in illegal immigrants is no surprise. Even President Obama has spent more on immigration enforcement than his predecessor. What is surprising however, is the drop in net legal migration.
This has several explanations. The U.S. economy is weaker. On the other hand, Mexico's economy is strengthening. Its GDP per capita is 15,000 dollars - about a third that of America's.
Some of Mexico's competitiveness is due to NAFTA - the North American Free Trade Agreement. Because it avoids U.S. tariffs, its exports work out to be cheaper than China's. Last year, Mexico did 400 billion dollars worth of business with the U.S. That's more than Argentina and Brazil combined.
But whatever the set of reasons behind the Pew findings, immigration is always determined by both pull-and-push - the need to leave a place is as crucial as the lure of a new destination.
So, are we losing our allure?
If that's the case, that's not good news. The U.S. has always benefitted from being demographically dynamic. A major advantage we have over Japan, Europe, and even China is that our population will continue to expand. And it's been expanding with young people who are hard-working and full of drive and pay lots of taxes.
Look at the data: The median age in the U.S. was about 37 years in 2010. China's was lower at 34 years. But come 2050, that dynamic will be reversed, thanks to decades of Beijing's one-child policy and American immigration. The median age here will be 40 but in China it will hit nearly 49 years.
An aging country creates a deficit of workers and a surplus of retirees who spend. Our demographic advantage holds true against a number of countries. We're projected to be better off demographically than France, the UK, Korea, Spain, and, of course, Japan.
This demographic advantage is entirely due to immigration. The United States has a fertility rate not so different from European countries, so our population gains (and these are gains in young people) come entirely from immigration.
The Pew Study shows we've clamped down on illegal immigration. But it also shows that Mexicans don't want to come here as much legally as they did before. So it is actually a mixed picture.
In trying to one-up each other on building bigger and higher fences, demonizing illegals, and hoping that they self-deport, we seem to have forgotten that it is the spirit of acceptance and hospitality that has made America so attractive to legal immigrants for centuries. Let's hope we can stay that way.
Tune in Sunday at 10a.m. or 1p.m. ET for Fareed Zakaria GPS on CNN.
Construction trades are high skilled jobs that Americans go to school to learn as apprentices. I am a journyman carpenter out of work because Obama gave all of our construction trade jobs to illegal mexican aliens. He also gave 22 million job work orders to illegal aliens, while 25 million Americans are out of work. Anchor babies are also illegal aliens. The hiring of illegal aliens does not do the economy one bit of good. It only puts Americans out of work. Obama seems to think, only mexicans can work construction. Illegal means illegal, and anyone who does not care about this countries laws, does not give a damn about this country. This country was at it's best before cheap slave labor came around. We will continue to be a failed economy as long as we have cheap labor, and why not, we can't buy anything with no money to make the wheels turn. We all lose.
Mr. Obama, tear down that wall!
I'm an American and I see that when it's in our backyard then we say or do something about it but when it's 1000 miles away from where we live then it isn't much of an issue. To deny anyone the right to eat and work and live because of status quo is the same as saying when it comes my turn to be poor and without everything then it's ok for people with a good life to deny my existence to survive. That is not ok and what people are doing to immigrants is just selfish and immoral to the extent of everyones right to live a free and happy life. We can blame Mexicans for drugs into the U.S.A. but the real trouble are the people in the United States that are buying these drugs. Mexicans are not the problem, it's the way society has become selfish and afraid because of all the lies and propaganda that media shoves down everyone's throat. We are all human no matter where we are born thats the truth and fact at which no media can take away because as soon as someone believes that getting rid of someone because of race is alright then it means it's ok to get rid of those that believe it to be true. If we are to get to a place in our lives that defines us as being human and superior at being that then we need to stop listening to scare tactics and start lending a helping hand to our friends to the south of the border because although there are some bad people in Mexico just like elsewhere in the world that does not mean we give a death sentence to every Mexican that is looking for a better life and a just one at that. Lets turn this all around and stop blaming and start helping our fellow human brothers and sisters by giving in to compassion and realize our true calling as part of the solution not to be the arm of hatred and lies and dispair. Stop the construction of another Berlin wall and start helping those that need our help to rise and help the whole world get back on track to become one again. If you want peace then we have to let go of hatred and fear. Stop listening to false reports and believing in our media as if they are the key to happiness because that boat sailed away a long time ago.
The US should just buy Mexico.
No country in the world can afford an unlimited influx of immigrants, the carrying capacity of the country will be reached and then it will affect a country's living standard negatively. On the other hand many people from poorer countries will immigrate to other countries if they can have a higher living standard.
So it looks like a clash of interests. Therefore I think the best solution to such a problem is a strong growing economy of the more poorer countries, then people of such countries are more likely to stay in their home country. The problem is to how to get their economies growing.
The news about Mexico's growing economy wil be good for the USA, this will be the most effective way of curbing a
huge influx of immigrants and law enforcement of secondary importance.
Very important is that if you give somebody a fish he has food for one day but if you succesfully teach him how to catch
a fish he has food for the rest of his life!
The majority of these comments are merely hate fueled and nothing else. It's sad really, because at the end of the day, we are all humans and we share a continent and borders may I remember you. If we can't learn to get along now, then we will never see peace for this generation and the next. And hasn't there been enough innocent blood spilled already American or Hispanic?
Fact is most of these Mexicans, many people turn their noses down, have kids that are ((((legalized citizens)))) of the USA. Many of which are now the majority of this country. And too hate them is to hate Americans as a whole, and to hate what America was built on, "immigration."
Speaking of which, unless you are NATIVE AMERICAN. You cannot claim indigenous reign and right to America. Otherwise, you are of European ancestry, which means that not only are you not indigenous to America, but also at one point, your ancestors were unwelcomed illegal immigrants, by the real Native American occupants.
History will also show you that Mexicans are indigenous to the Southern states of the USA. So, to say that Mexicans are illegal is to say that Native Americans are illegal also, when Mexicans are essentially Amerindians mixed with a Spanish bloodline that occupied these lands before the Gasden purchase. (Of course you knew that right? Something tells me you didn't, or it feels like that while I'm reading these comments. -Sighs.-)
By the way, Mexican is a nationality, not a race.
Most Mexicans are in fact Amerindians.
So now we are complaining that the illegals are leaving on their own... America is so wishy washy lol
"we seem to have forgotten that it is the spirit of acceptance and hospitality that has made America so attractive to legal immigrants for centuries. Let's hope we can stay that way." No, we don't want to be attractive to illegal immigrants! If illegal immigration stopped and we stopped trying to get things done by paying next to nothing, we could BEGIN to get our economy straight and regain our strength. We've lost it by OUTSOURCING and paying illegals cheap wages to do work Americans used to do for a normal wage. People say we've always had illegals working in farming so what's the difference? The difference is the population of illegals has become immense and they are working in every capacity because Americans are basically greedy and want to get something for nothing. Paying an illegal to do work for you is as bad as outsourcing because you're not supporting our economy here. Of course Mexico's economy is growing, we've helped it by hiring illegals who send the money back home. WAKE UP AMERICA. Hire Americans, pay fairly for the work and stop trying to get something for nothing. Stop outsourcing. This is how we can rebuild our economy and regain our strength.
aqui vamos en camino obama couldnt stop us romney tampoco we are familia and we speak spanglish and we are goign to evolve in this land in to the future of america 1500 y 1600 this was spanish land america was created with our help so dont worri guys we are here to stay and reprocreate and have an awesome vida all togheter hahahahjajja amo america.
I take pleasure in, cause I found exactly what I used to be looking for. You have ended my 4 day long hunt! God Bless you man. Have a nice day. Bye
When the US slumps, we can migrate to Mexico.
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We can take down that crappy looking border fence and erect a force field in its place. We have the technology and it can be done.
You really make it appear so easy with your presentation however I in finding this matter to be actually something which I think I might never understand. It seems too complex and extremely broad for me. I'm looking ahead for your subsequent publish, I'll try to get the dangle of it!
all of you welfare-grubbing, redneck trailer trash (ex. Joe Arpaio) are property of the UNITED WAL-MARTS OF AMERICAN'Ts and you don't even know it yet!!!!!
Thanks Zakaria for running an ad asking Americans to accept illigal immigrants. How about Mexicans striving to fix Mexico and staying there?Now don't get me wrong, I have no problem with legal immigration by Mexicans that are interested in becoming Americans. But I am sick and tired of a group of people that are too lazy to learn to speak English overrunning our schools and spending all of our education money on ESOL and the like. The Spanish seem to be the only immigrant group that wants to bring their entire culture and language here and refuse to assimilate. Every other immigrant population strives to become American but the Spanish push to have us print in Spanish, provide translation, and Spanish language education for free, and then offer nothing to this Country. We don't want that type of immigrant. We want people that want to be American. Otherwise, they bring us down. Right now, we have entirely too many cultures, languages and impositions upon the American lifestyle. This is a nation of Americans. If you want to be immersed in your own culture and language, go back to your country – Delta is ready when you are. Now, with regards to your story line about how we need to increase immigrant visas in the area of STEM to continue creating new business – you are wrong. We need to stop funding ESOL and fund STEM for Americans and create our own businesses. We need to stop accepting foreigners into our schools and universities and increase American enrollment in colleges. Reliance on foreign immigrants is nothing but a recipe for disaster. Foreign business owners send money, jobs and technology back to their home country and steal everything of value from us. Facebook, Google, Apple, Microsoft, Microstrategy, etc were all created by Americans. Then American businesses spend their resources fighting over patent infringement and thievery by foreign businesses. Thanks for your advocacy, but we see through you, Fareed.
Mexicans are really proud, family orientated and hard working lets not forget that were all humans people illegals are here doing work Americans are to proud to do when was the last time you seen a white gardener or a white guy washing your car or dumping your trash, cleaning your house etc . Get Off your high horse and get to work you lazy fucs .
Good luck to them! Most never really wanted to be American, they just wanted a chance to live their mexican lives with dignity and opportunity. I'm glad that they can now increasingly do that in Mexico. It was never a good idea to try and fix Mexico by exporting its 'problems' any more than it is a good idea to improve your dilapidated house by sneaking into your neighbor's garden shed to find things of value that you might use to fix up your own house.
If Jesus knocked on your door, and you saw that he was a Black man, would you open it? Would you embrace him, and would you allow inside to rest his head? Would you follow him?
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I think this is a "typical immigration" article from a Liberal/Progressive or Communist. Each year the world adds 10's of millions of poor people to the world population. Its the responsibility of those countries to deal with their populations. There is no way America can indefinitely have "Never Ending Open Borders". We and the world are actually on the precipe of a Major Financial Depression, which will effect all/most countries. Then the magic reset button will be pressed (will be forced to be pressed), and Illegal and Mass Legal Immigration will stop. Really what this country needs is a 4050 year moratorium on Immigration and for leaders (so called leaders) too sort out the Oliagarph/And Internationalists who are all for Open Borders and Minimum wagers etc....!


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Engineering design: a materials and processing approach
McGraw-Hill, 1983 - Technology & Engineering - 592 pages
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The Design Process
Problem Solving and Decision Making
Modeling and Simulation
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Concurrent Engineering: Automation, Tools, and Techniques
Andrew Kusiak
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Two Steps for Protecting Your Special Needs Homeschool
Download sample IEP withdrawal letter >>
HSLDA believes that homeschooling may be the best way to meet most special learning needs, and we are delighted to assist dedicated parents in this endeavor. Our experience in defending homeschoolers and in monitoring legislation has shown us that the battlefront for homeschooling children with special learning needs is sometimes a heated one.
In addition to complying with the homeschool laws of the state of your residence, there are two steps that we recommend our members take to help us defend their homeschools. As you read through these suggestions, remember that it is best to choose a course of action that fits the severity of your child's special learning needs.
1. Arrange for Regular Evaluations and Document Your Child's Progress.
Whatever the severity of your child's special learning needs, it is important to keep accurate records demonstrating how you are meeting these needs and how your child is progressing. Much of your success in defending your homeschool against any legal challenges may hinge upon your personal determination of what is best for your child and upon your keeping accurate records.
One of the most important elements of your recordkeeping should be documentation of periodic evaluations of your child's educational progress. As a general guide, the more severe the special learning need, the more frequent and thorough the evaluations should be.
There are several options for performing evaluations. Our Sample Education Progress Evaluation form can help you picture the kind of information that would be valuable to document. It is best to keep all of your records concerning each special needs child for a minimum of three years or until the child is beyond compulsory school age.
2. Obtain Assistance in Meeting Your Child's Special Needs
If any of the following are true of your child, we suggest that you obtain some form of assistance.
Your child:
If, after reading this list, you determine that you do need assistance, you will next need to determine what kind of assistance to obtain. As parents, you are intimately acquainted with your child's needs and are best able to determine what specific help will be most beneficial. In general, the more severe your child's special learning needs, the more assistance you should obtain to help meet these needs. We have provided the following information for you to consider about some options.
Educational Consultants
Because of the legal complexities involved in dealing with schools and government agencies, one of the safest things you can do to protect your homeschool is to obtain the services of a special needs educational consultant.
This consultant can be anyone who has either credentials or experience in the same area as your child's special need. Preferably, this person should not be directly related to the child (i.e. parent, grandparent, aunt, uncle, etc.). The consultant should be in contact with your family a minimum of four times during the school year to document your child's progress.
To find a consultant, here are some possible sources:
Private Educational Programs
The next most beneficial thing you can do to protect your home school is to secure regularly scheduled assistance and/or evaluations for your child through a private program.
Public School Programs
These include any services funded by state or federal dollars though your local school district, whether the services are provided in your own home or at the school.
Considering Public School Programs: In general, HSLDA has found that it is better if families do not use the services offered through their local public school. We have observed that many families have found themselves mired in legal difficulties as a result of their involvement in public school services.
Currently Enrolled: If your family is currently receiving public special education services, you may want to establish a goal to meet all of your child's special education needs eventually through private sources. We are aware that many families have previously enrolled their child in their local public school's special education program and, now that they are homeschooling, they would like to retain these free public services. We understand that as a matter of economics and ease of access, free public school services are very attractive. We also understand, however, that regulatory strings may come attached to these programs. Generally, we find that the longer a family uses these programs, the tighter the strings of control become.
HSLDA will do everything it can to protect a member family's right to homeschool a child who has special learning needs. Home School Legal Defense Association members are welcome to call our office and speak with one of our special needs coordinators for assistance with the above-described steps.
This information is designed to assist families in establishing the safest legal environment possible for their homeschools. These recommendations do not constitute legal advice.