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what to do????????
My husband has been told that he may infact have hepititas c..We have been married 3 yrs now. I have 2 small children from my prior marrage that live in the same house with us. My concern is for me and my children not to be infected with this virus. What do i need to do to make 100 percent sure neither of us get this virus... Im really scared and nervous. I dont know alot about this virus.. Im learning everday. I just like to know how to prevent this virus from going from him to myself and my children.. Would you even consider divorce to prevent getting this virus or in your professional position is that taking it far.
Thank you, Sincerely,
Hello Sissy,
You'd consider divorcing your hubby because he was told "he may have hepatitis C????" Hmmm . . . did you happen to conveniently forget about that part of the marriage vows that refer to "in sickness and in health????"
Sissy, first off, apparently you aren't even sure if the love of your life has hepatitis C. Next, even if he did, there is no significant risk to you if you follow a few simple precautions. Hepatitis C is not spread by casual contact, sneezing, hugging, coughing or sharing eating utensils, drinking glasses, bathrooms, food or water. It's primarily spread by blood. So you should not share toothbrushes, razors or personal care articles that might have blood on them. Hepatitis C can be spread by sex, but this does not occur very often. Latex condoms are protective. I'll reprint some information about hepatitis C below. You can access much more information in the archives. I'd also suggest you go with your husband to his doctor visits and discuss any specific transmission concerns you may have with his hepatitis specialist, if he ultimately is confirmed to have the virus, OK?
Dr. Bob
Viral Hepatitis and HIV
By Tim Horn and James Learned
Hepatitis C
What Is Hepatitis C and How Is It Transmitted?
Hepatitis C is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The virus can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death. There is no vaccine to protect against HCV, and as many as five million people have been infected with the virus in the United States.
HCV infection is common among people with HIV, and liver failure as a result of HCV infection is now a leading cause of death among people with HIV. Between one-quarter (25%) and one-third (33%) of all people with HIV in the United States are infected with HCV. This means that as many as 350,000 Americans are coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C.
HCV infection can cause liver disease to develop faster in people who are also infected with HIV and can make it more difficult to treat HIV. This is why the United States Public Health Service and the Infectious Disease Society of America consider hepatitis C to be an AIDS-related opportunistic infection in people with HIV (although having HCV does not necessarily mean that a person with HIV has an AIDS diagnosis).
Injection drug users (IDUs) who share needles and other drug paraphernalia are at the highest risk of being infected with HCV. Between 50% and 90% of all IDUs with HIV are also infected with HCV. This is because both viruses can be transmitted easily through blood-to-blood contact. HCV can pass from the blood of an infected person into the blood of another person through means such as:
Sharing paraphernalia (needles, syringes, cookers, cotton, water) used to inject drugs;
Needlestick injuries;
Open wounds or mucous membranes (e.g., inside the mouth, vagina, or anus) that are exposed to infected blood;
Blood products or blood transfusion (before 1992).
Unlike HIV, it is generally believed that HCV cannot be transmitted through semen or other genital fluids unless blood is present. Thus, the risk of becoming infected with HCV through unprotected sexual intercourse is low. But it is still possible, especially if sexually transmitted infections such as herpes are present or the sexual act increases the risk of mucous membrane tearing and blood-to-blood contact (fisting, anal sex, etc.). It is recommended that people with HCV practice safer sex using a condom or other barrier to protect their partners.
Women with HCV have a less than 6% chance of transmitting the virus to their babies during pregnancy or delivery, although the risk increases if the woman's HCV viral load (the amount of HCV in the blood) is high. It is unlikely that HCV can be transmitted through breastfeeding or breast milk.
If you have not been tested for HCV, or don't know whether you've been tested, you may want to discuss this with your healthcare provider. HCV testing is strongly recommended for anyone who is HIV-positive.
Does HCV Infection Affect Everyone the Same?
No. Simply because someone is infected with HCV does not necessarily mean that liver disease will occur. It's also important to note that it can take many years -- more than 20 or 30 years, in many cases -- for HCV to cause life-threatening liver disease if it does occur. Only a relatively small number of people (25% at most) experience symptoms when they are first infected (acute infection). Symptoms of acute hepatitis C infection (if they occur) are similar to those of hepatitis A and hepatitis B -- fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, and jaundice. More than half of people infected with HCV will have an increase in their ALT levels (an enzyme produced by the liver), but they will not "feel" this as a symptom. Many people may have normal ALT levels and still have liver disease.
About 20% of people infected with HCV clear the virus from their bodies, usually within six months. However, the majority of people (80%) who are infected with HCV develop chronic hepatitis C, and the infection will likely stay with them for the rest of their lives or until treatment clears the virus from their bodies. In other words, if 100 people are infected with HCV tomorrow, 20 of them will clear the virus from their bodies within six months, and 80 will remain infected with the virus.
Of the 80 people with chronic hepatitis C, approximately 28 (35%) of them will remain healthy. This means that their liver enzymes will remain normal and they will not go on to experience liver disease because of the infection. However, the virus can still be detected in the liver and bloodstream, which means that the infection can still be transmitted to others. The remaining 52 people (65%) with chronic hepatitis C will have some symptoms of liver disease, usually within 15 years. About 16 people (20%) with chronic hepatitis C will develop cirrhosis -- scarring of the liver resulting from widespread fibrosis (an extreme overgrowth of the liver's connective tissue) -- within 20 years after first becoming infected.
Although cirrhosis is not immediately life-threatening, it can seriously affect the liver's ability to work properly and increases the risk of liver cancer. Of the 16 people with HCV who develop cirrhosis, four (25%) of them will likely experience liver failure or liver cancer within 25 years after becoming infected with the virus. These numbers refer to people who are infected only with HCV. Coinfection with HIV (see below), hepatitis B virus, or alcohol use severely affect the progression of HCV disease.
How Is Hepatitis C Different for People With HIV?
A number of studies have shown that HIV can have a negative effect on the way HCV acts in the body. For starters, HIV can increase the chance that someone with chronic HCV infection will develop cirrhosis of the liver. Between 20 and 25 of every 80 people with healthy immune systems who have chronic HCV infection will go on to develop cirrhosis within 20 years. But if HIV is also present, between 30 and 35 of every 80 people are likely to develop cirrhosis.
HIV infection can also speed up the rate at which HCV infection causes cirrhosis. In one study, people infected with both HIV and HCV were twice as likely to have cirrhosis after 13 years than people only infected with HCV (15% vs. 6%). Similar results have been seen in other studies.
People with both HIV and HCV are also more likely to experience liver failure -- which is often fatal unless a transplant is performed -- than people infected only with HCV. In one study, people with hemophilia who were infected with both viruses were 21 times more likely to die of liver failure than those only infected with HCV.
Another issue to consider is liver health and anti-HIV medications. Many anti-HIV drugs, including protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, are broken down (metabolized) by the liver. This can cause problems for people who have both HIV and HCV. First, the liver needs to be healthy in order to break down these drugs efficiently. If HCV damages the liver, it might not be possible to take anti-HIV therapy. Also, some of the drugs used to treat HIV can cause liver damage, even in people who aren't infected with HCV. In turn, some anti-HIV drugs might worsen or speed up HCV-related liver disease.
What Are the Symptoms of Hepatitis C?
As discussed above, only about one out of four people experience any symptoms when they're first infected. Many people with chronic hepatitis C have no symptoms of liver disease either. That is, they don't feel or look sick. If symptoms are present, they're usually mild, not very specific, tend to come and go, and are similar to those seen in acute hepatitis C.
If HCV infection causes serious liver damage and/or cirrhosis, symptoms usually occur or become worse. In addition to fatigue, these may include poor appetite, nausea, headache, fever, vomiting, jaundice, weight loss, itching, depression, mood swings, mental confusion, muscle and joint pain, fluid retention, abdominal swelling, abdominal pain, and ankle swelling.
What Laboratory Tests Do I Need to Know About?
There are laboratory tests to diagnose HCV infection and laboratory tests to monitor the health of people with HCV.
HCV Antibody Testing: Diagnosing HCV infection begins with an antibody test, similar to the one used to diagnose HIV infection. Antibodies to HCV can usually be detected in the blood within six or seven weeks after the virus enters the body, although it can take as long as three months or more for some people to develop detectable antibodies. If the HCV antibody test is positive, a second test is usually performed to confirm the result -- either another antibody test or a PCR test.
If a person is positive for HCV antibodies, he or she has been exposed to the virus in the past. Since approximately 20% of people infected with HCV clear the virus from their bodies, usually within six months of exposure, the next step is to look for the actual virus in the bloodstream.
HCV Viral Load Testing: To look for HCV, a healthcare provider can request a qualitative PCR test to determine whether or not the virus is in a person's bloodstream. A healthcare provider can also order a quantitative PCR test -- very similar to that used in HIV -- to check for the presence of HCV and to figure out the person's HCV viral load (the amount of HCV in a measurement of blood). The quantitative HCV viral load is a very important lab test. Unlike viral load testing for HIV, which can help predict how quickly someone may progress to an AIDS diagnosis, the HCV viral load test cannot determine if or when someone with hepatitis C will develop cirrhosis or liver failure. However, the HCV viral load can help determine how likely it is that someone will respond to treatment. As a rule of thumb, the lower the HCV viral load, the better someone's chances that he or she will respond to anti-HCV treatment. HCV viral load testing is also used during treatment to determine if therapy is working.
It is very important to be aware that HCV viral load results are usually much higher than HIV viral load results. This can be confusing. While a low HIV viral load is considered to be less than 5,000 to 10,000 copies/mL, a low HCV viral load is considered to be anything less than two million copies/mL. HCV viral loads are now usually reported in International Units (IUs). There is no standard way to convert from copies/mL to IU/mL. Each quantitative viral load test is different, so it is important to use the same laboratory and the same test whenever you have your viral load measured. Results are generally reported only as low or high:
Low -- less than 2 million copies/mL (600,000-800,000 IU/mL)
High -- over 2 million copies/mL (600,000-800,000 IU/mL)
Genotypic Testing: Not all hepatitis C viruses are the same. There are at least six different "genotypes" of HCV -- meaning that their genetic structures differ somewhat from each other. What's more, some of these genotypes can be divided into subtypes. For example, HCV genotype 1 is divided into subtypes "a" and "b." In the United States, HCV genotypes 1, 2, and 3 are the most common. The other genotypes are found mostly in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia.
HCV genotype does not predict the likelihood that someone with hepatitis C will develop cirrhosis or liver failure, nor does it affect the speed by which these problems can occur. In other words, the HCV genotype does not seem to affect disease progression. But HCV genotype can predict how effective treatment may be -- HCV genotypes 1 and 4 are the most difficult to treat, whereas HCV genotypes 2 and 3 are much more likely to respond well to treatment, usually in a shorter period of time. Unfortunately, HCV genotype 1 is the most common among people with HIV in the United States, accounting for as many as 75% of all hepatitis C infections. Knowing your HCV genotype can help you and your healthcare provider determine how best to approach treatment if and when the time comes. This might include decisions about which treatment to use as well as the length of your treatment.
Liver Enzyme Tests: As with hepatitis A and hepatitis B, the most important liver enzymes to monitor are alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In approximately two-thirds of people with chronic hepatitis C, ALT levels are always elevated, reflecting ongoing damage to liver cells. But for one-third of people with chronic hepatitis C, ALT levels remain normal. Many of these people will live with HCV infection without any liver-related problems, but others with normal or even low ALT levels may be experiencing progressive liver damage. AST levels are also often high in people with chronic hepatitis C. However, AST levels are usually lower than ALT levels. If cirrhosis develops, AST levels can rise above ALT levels -- a sign that damage to the liver is worsening.
Liver Biopsy: HCV viral load and liver enzymes are very useful tests. However, they cannot determine if -- and how much -- damage has been done to the liver by HCV infection. In order to figure this out, a liver biopsy is often necessary, especially in terms of deciding when or whether to begin treatment. Information about the liver biopsy procedure is reviewed in the discussion of hepatitis B.
How Is Hepatitis C Treated?
When it comes to treating hepatitis C, the first question is: how do I know when it's time to start? Generally speaking, the National Institutes of Health recommend that treatment be started before cirrhosis occurs (this can be determined through a liver biopsy), but only for people who are considered to be at a "high risk" of developing cirrhosis in the future. This includes people who have all of the following:
Elevated ALT levels;
HCV that is detectable by viral load testing;
A liver biopsy that shows moderate to severe signs of fibrosis, inflammation, and necrosis (cell death); and
No safety concerns to indicate that treatment shouldn't be offered.
If these criteria are met, a patient should be offered treatment, regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms, the route of HCV infection, HCV genotype, or HCV viral load. Circumstances in which healthcare providers should make a decision about starting treatment on an individual basis after talking with the patient include:
Normal ALT levels, even if HCV is detectable by PCR (treatment may not yet be necessary);
A prior liver transplant;
Kidney problems;
Active substance use, including alcohol;
A history of problems that might interfere with the safety or effectiveness of therapy, such as severe untreated depression (which can be made worse by the use of interferon-alfa, the standard treatment for hepatitis C).
Treatment is contraindicated (shouldn't be used) under the following circumstances:
Severe liver disease such as decompensated cirrhosis, when the liver is no longer able to compensate for the damage that it has suffered (a liver transplant may be the best option for these patients);
Prior kidney or heart transplant;
Women who are pregnant;
Women who are unable or unwilling to use birth control (hepatitis C therapies can cause severe birth defects).
For people coinfected with HIV and HCV, there are additional factors to consider when figuring out if and when to begin HCV treatment. It's very important that people with both viruses thoroughly discuss their options with their healthcare provider. Issues to consider include:
People with HIV and HCV may develop cirrhosis or liver failure faster than people singly infected with HCV. In turn, some liver experts recommend treatment, even if a biopsy reveals mild signs of fibrosis, inflammation, and necrosis (as opposed to moderate to severe signs in people with only hepatitis C).
HCV may increase the risk of liver damage, which can prevent certain anti-HIV medications from being broken down in the body properly. Someone coinfected with HIV and HCV is more likely to benefit from HCV treatment when the immune system is strong (when the CD4 cell count is high and HIV viral load is low, for example). For these reasons, some liver experts recommend early treatment for HCV, before anti-HIV treatment is needed.
Anti-HIV medications may cause side effects in the liver that can worsen a person's hepatitis C. Some experts recommend HCV treatment to reduce the chance that hepatitis C will cause (more) damage to the liver once anti-HIV drugs are started.
Above all, deciding if and when to start treatment is a personal decision. Regardless of what "official" guidelines do or don't say, it is up to you and your healthcare provider to figure out what's best for you, based on your own thoughts, concerns, and circumstances.
Can Hepatitis C Be Cured?
It all depends who you ask.
As a general rule, the success of treatment is determined at two time points: just as the course of treatment is completed, referred to as the end-of-treatment response (ETR); and six months after treatment is completed, referred to as the sustained response (SR). The tests that are most important at these time points are the liver enzyme tests and the HCV viral load. If a person's liver enzyme levels are back to normal and HCV viral load is undetectable at the end of treatment, the person is said to have an effective ETR. If a person's liver enzyme levels remain normal and the HCV viral load is still undetectable six months after completing treatment, he or she is said to have an effective SR.
If someone is no longer on hepatitis C treatment and his or her liver enzymes are normal and no HCV virus is present in the blood, wouldn't this be considered a cure? Some liver experts say yes, this is a cure -- the vast majority of people who achieve a sustained response as a result of treatment maintain healthy livers for many years. However, some experts point out that most patients who achieve a SR still have traces of HCV in their liver that could, over time, become active again.
Only time will tell what a SR really means. Because HCV was only identified in 1988, our knowledge of how treatments work and what we can expect out of them is still young. However, an ETR is considered a good response to treatment and a SR an excellent outcome. Both translate into liver-health improvements that are life-saving and life-enhancing.
But what about people with hepatitis C who don't achieve either an ETR or a SR as a result of treatment? According to some recent studies, treatment has a great deal to offer people with hepatitis C who don't achieve either. Even if you experience only mild improvements in your liver enzyme tests or moderate improvements in your HCV viral load -- or see your lab results worsen after an initial good response during therapy -- this usually translates into some long-term benefits to the liver. Researchers are conducting studies to determine what these benefits mean in terms of people with hepatitis C living longer, healthier lives.
What Treatments Are Available for Hepatitis C?
Until 1998, the only treatment available for chronic hepatitis C was interferon-alfa, a synthetic version of a naturally occurring hormone that has antiviral and immune-boosting properties. The drug was only moderately effective in terms of end-of-treatment response (ETR) and sustained response (SR) and was associated with a significant number of often debilitating side effects.
While interferon is still sometimes used today, improved versions of the drug are now available. Pegylated interferon (Pegasys, PEG-Intron) contains microscopic particles (polyethylene glycol) linked to an interferon molecule that keeps the drug in the bloodstream for longer. This allows for once-weekly injections (standard interferon required daily or three-times-a-week injections). What's more, with pegylated interferon, drug levels in the bloodstream are higher and last longer than standard interferon, making the drug more effective against HCV. Although the side effects of pegylated interferon are similar to those of standard interferon, the benefit of treatment is more pronounced.
A second antiviral drug was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in combination with interferon for the treatment of hepatitis C. Ribavirin (Rebetol, Copegus) increases the chance of achieving an ETR and SR when it is combined with either standard or pegylated interferon. Combination therapy with ribavirin and pegylated interferon is now the preferred HCV treatment. Here's a look at the treatments available for chronic hepatitis C: Interferon-Alfa (Roferon-A, Intron A): If used alone, without ribavirin (not generally recommended), the usual dose is 3 million units (MU), three times a week, injected subcutaneously (under the skin). Therapy is continued for one year.
Only 10% to 20% of people using interferon-alfa alone achieve a SR -- undetectable HCV viral loads six months after stopping treatment. Results have been similar in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with hepatitis C.
Side effects of interferon-alfa are common, although their severity varies from one individual to the next. They occur with both standard and pegylated versions of the drug and can include:
Joint and muscle aches
Low-grade fever and/or chills
Nausea and vomiting
Skin irritation at the injection site
Weight loss
Low white and red blood cells
Low-grade fever and/or chills
Nausea and vomiting
Suicidal thoughts (rare)
These side effects tend to be worse during the first few weeks of treatment, especially after the first injection, but usually diminish over time. Nighttime injections of interferon may lessen the side effects since they will occur during sleep. Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, etc.) can lessen some of the flu-like side effects, and antidepressants can help control persistent depression.
Pegylated Interferon (Pegasys, PEG-Intron): If used alone, treatment is generally recommended for one year. The dose depends on the brand used. The dose of PEG-Intron varies according to body weight, whereas the Pegasys dose is the same regardless of weight. Pegylated interferon is injected subcutaneously (under the skin) once a week. Using pegylated interferon alone, 25% to 40% of people with chronic hepatitis C (but not HIV) have an effective SR. Liver enzyme tests and HCV viral loads have improved in some patients with decompensated cirrhosis -- an advanced form of liver disease that is usually not treated with standard interferon-alfa. There have also been studies demonstrating that pegylated interferon is equally effective in people with HIV and chronic hepatitis C. The side effects of pegylated interferon are similar to those of standard interferon-alfa, and the same methods may help to alleviate them.
Ribavirin (Rebetol, Copegus): Ribavirin must be used in combination with either standard interferon-alfa or pegylated interferon (it is not effective against hepatitis C if it is used by itself). Ribavirin is taken orally twice a day, and the dose ranges from 800 mg to 1,200 mg a day depending on HCV genotype and body weight. In addition to the side effects associated with interferon, ribavirin can cause anemia (low red blood cell counts), itching, skin rash, nasal stuffiness, and cough. The anemia can be severe and is sometimes treated with injections of erythropoetin (Procrit or Epogen), which stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. Ribavirin can also cause serious birth defects. Women should be careful not to become pregnant while they or their sexual partner are taking ribavirin and for six months after stopping the drug. Both men and women should use birth control while taking ribavirin and for six months afterwards. If possible, ribavirin should not be taken with Videx (ddI) and, to a lesser extent, with Zerit (d4T) -- two medications used in the treatment of HIV. Certain side effects of these drugs are more likely to occur when they are combined with ribavirin.
From studies in people with HCV (but not HIV), the length of combination treatment with interferon and ribavirin depends on a person's HCV genotype. With genotypes 2 or 3, therapy usually lasts six months. With genotype 1, it usually lasts a year. Unfortunately, with little information from clinical trials involving people with both HIV and HCV, it's difficult to say if this also holds true for them. Therefore, many liver experts feel it's best to treat people infected with both viruses for at least a year, regardless of genotype.
We also know from studies involving people living with HCV (but not HIV) that the effectiveness of therapy combining ribavirin and interferon depends on the type of interferon-alfa used and the HCV genotype being treated. Using standard interferon with ribavirin, 35% to 45% of people achieve a SR. Using pegylated interferon with ribavirin, overall sustained response rates in excess of 50% were seen in two important studies involving people with HCV (but not HIV). Between 42% and 46% of people in these studies with HCV genotype 1 had sustained responses. And between 76% and 82% of people with HCV genotypes 2 or 3 were sustained responders. Early results from studies involving people with both HCV and HIV indicate that response rates to interferon (both standard and pegylated) combined with ribavirin are lower and that the side effects are often worse. To increase the likelihood of a SR in people with both HIV and HCV -- particularly those with HCV genotype 1 -- some healthcare providers continue interferon/ribavirin treatment for 18 months (sometimes longer).
Using standard interferon-alfa with ribavirin, usually no more than 20% of coinfected people achieve a sustained response. Using pegylated interferon with ribavirin, the overall sustained response rates were between 27% and 40% in three clinical trials that have been reported (the U.S. study ACTG A5071, the international APRICOT study, and the French RIBAVIC study).
Sustained response rates differed, depending on the HCV genotype being treated. In these same studies of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin, 44% to 73% of people with HIV and HCV genotypes 2 or 3 had a sustained response, compared to only 14% to 29% of those with genotype 1.
A more complete list of factors that may influence a successful response to treatment (based on studies involving people with HCV, but not HIV) includes:
Most predictive:
genotype 2 or 3
low HCV viral load when starting treatment (less than two million copies/mL or 600,000-800,000 IU/mL)
Somewhat predictive:
age under 40
pre-menopausal female
little fibrosis
no cirrhosis
low body mass index (BMI)
It's unclear how these somewhat predictive factors apply to people with HIV/HCV coinfection.
Many people are evaluated after three months on treatment. If their HCV viral load hasn't dropped significantly, treatment is often stopped since this indicates that they're unlikely to achieve a sustained response. Some people go through treatment more than once if they don't achieve a sustained response the first time. While the likelihood of treatment working a second or third time is relatively low, re-treatment definitely works for some people. And some people use low-dose interferon as "maintenance therapy" following a course of treatment.
There are many experimental medications being developed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. These include medications that prevent HCV from binding to liver cells, drugs that attack viral enzymes that help HCV to reproduce, and treatments to strengthen the body's own immune response to HCV.
Because depression before and while on HCV treatment is common, people who are considering interferon therapy may find the help they need to see them through if they have a support network in place beforehand, including a mental health professional and/or a support group.
How Can Hepatitis C Be Prevented?
With no hepatitis C vaccine, the best way to prevent infection is to reduce the risk of coming into contact with another person's blood. This also applies to people who are already infected with HCV to prevent transmitting the virus to somebody else. And even if you're one of the lucky people whose immune system cleared the virus after infection or had a successful response to HCV treatment, you can be infected again with HCV. Unlike the antibodies to hepatitis A and hepatitis B, HCV antibodies do not protect from future HCV infection.
Stopping injection drug use would eliminate the most common route of HCV transmission, but stopping isn't a realistic possibility for everyone. If you inject drugs, always use a new, sterile syringe, cotton, cooker, and fresh water every time you inject -- never reuse or share syringes, needles, water, or other drug preparation equipment. If you're splitting drugs, split them when they're dry (in powder form) or use a new, sterile syringe to split them. Don't backload into someone else's syringe, and be sure to clean the injection site and avoid contact with blood.
Don't share toothbrushes, razors, nail clippers, or other items that may have blood on them. If you're considering a tattoo or body piercing, be sure that the procedures are performed by reputable, licensed experts and that strict hygienic measures are in place, including sterile equipment and ink.
Although HCV is not transmitted efficiently through sexual activity, it is best to use barrier protection (condoms, latex gloves, etc.) to reduce the risk of transmitting HIV, HCV, and other sexually transmitted diseases.


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Air Intake Hoses at 1A Auto
What is an air intake hose and where is it located?
Your engine needs air to run, just like you do. The fuel in your engine won't combust without oxygen, and it will combust a lot more efficiently with the correct amount of oxygen. The air intake hose—also sometimes referred to as an air intake tube—is a rubber or plastic hose that connects to your air filter box at one end and to the engine throttle body at the other. When you press on the gas pedal, the throttle opens and allows the engine to draw fresh air through the air filter and through the intake hose. The gas pedal should really be called the air pedal, as it turns out.
How do I know if my air intake hose needs to be replaced?
The air intake hose is constantly exposed to the heat of the engine. Over time, the rubber or plastic can become brittle and develop cracks or leaks. That means that the engine can't draw in air as smoothly as it should. It could also potentially lead to debris entering the engine, or allow unmetered air in to the engine resulting in a lean condition, both of which can cause bigger problems down the line.
If the engine idles at a faster speed than normal or is experiencing rough idling, that might be one sign that there's a leak in your intake hose. You may also experience reduced gas mileage or power.
The symptoms of a leaking intake hose can be similar to the symptoms of fuel injection problems, so you'll want to check that the intake hose is really the source of the problem before you replace it. You can visually inspect the intake hose to check for cracks. If you open the hood and run the engine at idle, you might hear a sucking or whining sound from the intake hose.
Can I replace an air intake hose myself?
Replacing an air intake hose is within the grasp of the beginning do-it-yourselfer. Considering how easy it is to replace, and how important it is to have a working intake hose, you have no excuse not to replace one that's leaking. The air intake tube might have some electrical sensors attached to it. You'll have to remove those before removing the intake hose. To remove the hose itself, you'll have to loosen up the hose clamps. Then you can simply pull it out. Clamp the new one into place, reinstall the sensors, and you should be all set.
Need an air intake hose replacement?
Here at 1A Auto, we carry a large selection of fresh air intake hoses for many makes and models. All of our intake hoses feature:
- Direct bolt-on design for easy installation
- Built to strict quality control standards
- Built stronger in vulnerable areas for great durability

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Scott Dunlap's blog of trail running, ultrarunning, triathlon, and other life adventures. I enjoy the physical, emotional, and spiritual journey of outdoor events and the chance to meet cool people. This blog contains interviews, research, original fiction, new product ideas, and all things trail running.
Tuesday, January 14, 2014
Why We Need To Get Our Kids Outdoors (TEDx video by Ben Klasky)
If you like what you're seeing, IslandWood would love your support. Please share this video with everyone you know, and/or donate directly on their web site. You'll be doing a lot of good for nature and for our kids!
5 comments:
- Anonymous1/15/2014 07:44:00 AM
Really good stuff. I am sending to the teachers at my kids school. Let's hope they get it...ReplyDelete
- Anonymous1/15/2014 08:24:00 AM
Thanks for posting this, Scott! Great video--so inspiring. Let's get kids hooked on nature.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous1/15/2014 12:51:00 PM
I loved this! I'll be posting on FB. We are a family that gets outside and I love seeing my kids discover and enjoy nature. Thank you for sharing.ReplyDelete
Thanks for sharing. I really like that talk!ReplyDelete
This is really important to knowReplyDelete
I LIVE for comments! Please add your thoughts, let me know you stopped by, etc., and be thoughtful of others. Always best if you sign your name, of course.


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The market report on the Party Balloon Market 2017 consists of all the important aspects of the market. The market size of the Party Balloon market is estimated in terms of US$ value in the market report. The global market segmentation of the Party Balloon market is included along with its regional segmentation. Data is collected and analyzed by using the Porter's Five Forces model in order to understand the competitive landscape of the Party Balloon market in the global market. By this data, one comes to know about the value of the market and its position in the coming years.
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All the regions are considered while studying the market, but the main regions that are considered are Asia Pacific, North America, and Europe. Different segments that are involved in the Party Balloon market are studied deeply in order to understand the contribution of the various segments in the market revenue. The information of the segment that dominates the market is also provided. The report collects data and provides the information about the releasing trends of the market, the total consumption of the market and its production, the advancements that are made in the market, and the future strategies of the Party Balloon market.
The size of the Party Balloon market is approximated on the basis of the revenue and the sales made by all the segments and the sub-segments of the market. The data analysis made are in numbers as well as they are explained in the form of graphs and pictorial diagrams. There are various methodological tools used in this Party Balloon market study for making the available data more reliable and accurate.
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There are 15 Chapters to deeply display the global Party Balloon market.
Chapter 1, to describe Party Balloon Introduction, product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market risk, market driving force;
Chapter 2, to analyze the top manufacturers of Party Balloon, with sales, revenue, and price of Party Balloon, in 2016 and 2017;
Chapter 3, to display the competitive situation among the top manufacturers, with sales, revenue and market share in 2016 and 2017;
Chapter 4, to show the global market by regions, with sales, revenue and market share of Party Balloon, for each region, from 2012 to 2017;
Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, to analyze the market by countries, by type, by application and by manufacturers, with sales, revenue and market share by key countries in these regions;
Chapter 10 and 11, to show the market by type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2012 to 2017;
Chapter 12, Party Balloon market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2017 to 2022;
Chapter 13, 14 and 15, to describe Party Balloon sales channel, distributors, traders, dealers, Research Findings and Conclusion, appendix and data source
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The New Bern Bears wanted to emphasize the passing game.
The New Bern Bears wanted to emphasize the passing game.
They've proved, through the first five games, that they can run the football.
Until their showdown with C.B. Aycock on Friday, the Bears haven't had a breakout performance through the air.
Quarterback Michael Hughes connected on touchdown passes to four different receivers as the Bears coasted to an easy 72-7 win over C.B. Aycock at Caruso-Coates Stadium.
New Bern, winners of four straight, scored a school record in points, and set a record for most points in a quarter.
�That's what we saw all summer,� New Bern coach Bobby Curlings said. �Going into the season, I really thought our passing game was going to be what gets us going.
�We have a phenomenal group of receivers and a quarterback who can get it to them. Tonight, (C.B. Aycock) decided to take away the run, so we worked on our passing game.�
Hughes completed his first 10 passes for 190 yards with first-quarter touchdown passes to Diondre Pool, Theron Noble, Khalil Simpson and Deauntae Grimes.
�We saw that they had one safety high and we just took what they gave us,� Hughes said. �I made the right reads and the guys made some great catches.�
The Bears took a commanding 28-0 lead before C.B. Aycock finally scored on a 1-yard run by Neil Clark with 2:26 remaining in the first quarter.
On the ensuing kick, Simpson added to New Bern's advantage with a 70-yard kickoff return.
The Bears built a 42-7 cushion after one quarter and a 51-7 advantage at halftime.
Hughes threw for 247 yards on 13-of-15 passing all in the first half. He ran for 56 yards and a touchdown.
�Mike is a great athlete,� Grimes said. �With him drawing so much attention, it gets us open. He does a good job passing the ball, as well as running.
�First, we had to develop the run game. After we developed the run game, we've been starting to work on our pass game.�
Cody Purdie, the team's leading rusher, gained 60 yards on seven carries. He scored on a 36-yard touchdown run in the third.
Grimes caught a 25-yard touchdown and found the end zone of a 72-yard run.
�We have more than one person that can score,� Grimes said. �They can't just key on one person on our offense. We have so many weapons.�
New Bern (4-2) forced four turnovers (two fumbles, two interceptions). Terrell Fisher stepped in front of C.B. Aycock's first pass attempt and ran it back for a score.
Felix Fisher also picked off a pass.
C.B. Aycock was limited to 104 yards of offense, while New Bern gained 509 yards.
Four Bears � Grimes, Leauntae Grimes, Noble and Simpson � all had more than 50 receiving yards.
�We challenge the kids each and every week, no matter who we are playing,� Curlings said. �It's all about us to play fast and to play physical.
�That's what we came out and did.�
New Bern travels to Eastern Wayne next week.
C.B. Aycock 7 0 0 0 � 7
New Bern 42 9 14 7 � 72
First quarter
NB � Terrell Fisher 12 interception return (Josh Htoo kick), 10:43
NB � Diondre Pool 12 pass from Michael Hughes (kick missed), 7:45
NB � Theron Noble 29 pass from Hughes (Hughes run), 7:30
NB � Khalil Simpson 41 pass from Hughes (Htoo kick), 5:22
CBA � Neil Clark 1 run (Jacob Harrison kick), 2:26
NB � Simpson 70 kickoff return (Htoo kick), 2:14
NB � Deauntae Grimes 25 pass from Hughes (Htoo kick), :30
Second quarter
NB � Team, safety, 2:24
NB � Hughes 3 run (Htoo kick), 2:05
Third quarter
NB � Grimes 72 run (Htoo kick), 10:40
NB � Purdie 36 run (Htoo kick), 6:09
Fourth quarter
NB � Gaston 6 run (Htoo kick), 9:33
First Downs 10 20
Total yards 104 509
Rushes-Yards 39-81 32-262
Passing Yards 23 247
Comp-Att-Int 4-13-2 13-15-1
Penalties-Yards 9-94 7-79
Fumbles-Lost 2-2 1-0
Individual Statistics: Passing: C.B. Aycock � T.J. Morrow 4-13-2 23. Mike Hughes 13-15-1 247 4 TD. Rushing: C.B. Aycock � Morrow 21-76, Tazmont Groves 4-9, Dillon Baker 2-2, No. 18 1 (-1), Neil Clark 11 (-5) TD. New Bern � Deauntae Grimes 1-72, Cody Purdie 5-60 TD, Hughes 7-56 TD, Daekwon Gaston 6-41, DeVaughn Bryant 4-19, Nick Myers 4-9, Leauntae Grimes 5-5. Receiving: C.B. Aycock � No. 83 1-12, Michael Eutsey 2-10, Clark 1-1. New Bern � Khalil Simpson 3-57, Leauntae Grimes 2-55, Deauntae Grimes 3-54, Theron Noble 3-51, Diondre Pool 2-30.
Adam Thompson can be contacted at 252-635-5669 or at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow Adam on Twitter @Adam_matic.


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Posted by ESC on June 24, 2004
In Reply to: Gods protect us from evil done in name of good. posted by Bill on June 24, 2004
: Some years ago-on a "Paladin" TV program, Paladin, Richard Boone, said "May the gods protect us from the deeds men do in the name of good." (or something to that effect). Then to the best of my recollection he added: "Herodotus, second essay." I have looked for years for this quote. Does anyone know anything about this? Did Herodotus ever write such an essay? Second History, maybe, but I cannot find it.
: Thanks,
: Bill
I am looking for the quote. Just wanted to say I loved that show:
"Ballad of Paladin" by Johnny Western, Richard Boone, and Sam Rolfe
Performed by Johnny Western
Have Gun Will Travel reads the card of a man.
A knight without armor in a savage land.
His fast gun for hire head's the calling wind.
A soldier of fotune is the man called Paladin.
Paladin, Paladin Where do you roam?
Paladin, Paladin, Far, far from home.
He travels on to wherever he must;
A chess knight of silver is his badge of trust.
There are campfire legends that the plainsmen spin
Of the man with the gun,
of the man called Pa-l-l-l-l-a-din.


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Monday, May 29, 2006
Old Man Style….Washington Square Park
CommentsClose comment
7 comments
Beautiful linen shirt, classic Ck underwear showing over very chic shorts. Lovely suede shoes and matching socks. Nice hat and aviator sunglasses. This is 2008 Milan spring-summer look!
I love the hiked up shorts look. Very classic old man style.
I feel like I'm looking at my grandfather who passed away. So on point. There is something so "devil may care" yet charming about how many old men dress. And the socks…perfect.
Is he wearing suede shoes; or are they like those stretchy ones you can order out of the Sunday supplement, two pair for $19.99? Either way, classic. He's probably wearing "Old Spice," which I actually love because of all of the happy memories it brings to mind.
The only thing that could remind me more of my grandpa's generation is if he were wearing one of those work-jumpsuits with the attached self-belt.
He needs over the calf socks for the classic old man look.
You're right, cuff link. But the black "Sunday socks" are key to this look, no matter what the length.
LOVE the tiny bit of exposed belly. :-) and the visor! sartorialist, did you chat at all with this guy?


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Wondering how Camilo got his dance moves, or who would win a race between Darren Mattocks and Dane Richards? Curious why the old North American Soccer League (NASL) folded, or if Carl Valentine will ever bring back his afro?
Now you can have your questions answered by Vancouver Whitecaps FC! All you need to do is log on to Twitter and send us your question with the hashtag #TweetACap.
Questions will then be selected and answered by a featured player or other member of the club. Stay tuned to the official Whitecaps FC Twitter page to find out who is answering questions.
First up is Whitecaps FC legend Carl Valentine. So what are you waiting for, Tweet those questions for Carl!


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Moshi Monsters pushed onto pint-sized kiddies' mobes
Under-10s' social network spreads
Monstro city, the social network frequented by all the coolest kids in the playground, is going mobile and has signed a deal with Gree to deploy at least two games on that platform.
UK-based Moshi Monsters is school-yard flavour of the month right now, boasting collectable figurines and a social gaming network which makes money by selling subscriptions rather than being plastered with adverts.
Mind Candy, the company behind the brand, has already pushed the monsters into card games, Mega Blocks and a Nintendo DS game, but will now work with Gree to get Moshis (and their Moshlings) into Android and iOS devices.
The Gree platform is a social network already supporting 230 million users, many of them playing the kind of games one sees on Facebook (China's Tencent is a partner) where one gains credit signing up other players and one's achievements are automatically blogged for all to see. The company provides a free API allowing developers to tie their games into the social cloud and, more importantly, the billing platform for in-game currency used to upgrade or enhance the game.
Moshi Monsters is firmly aimed at the under tens, though characters such as Dr Strangeglove provide more than a nod to their parents. The brand brought in $100m in 2011, and that was before it had launched the Moshi Album Music Rox (following a delay caused by the company's rather-cavalier attitude to identity rights – characters such as Lady GooGoo and Dusbin Beaver had to be hastily replaced with Missy Kicx and Zack Binspin respectively).
The Moshi Monsters game is Flash-based, letting children explore the world of Monstro City while posting messages to friends and admiring each others' houses, though there's no attempt to bribe players into building out their networks as is commonplace these days. Subscribers (£30 a year) get recruited as Super Moshis, sworn to defend the city though a series of missions aimed to thwart the evil machinations of the aforementioned Dr Strangeglove.
In-game currency is gathered by completing those missions, and various other faux-educational challenges, but Rox (as the currency is now known) can't be bought, for the moment at least.
Whether Mind Candy will be able to resist the revenue potential offered selling Rox, and enabled by Gree's back-end, remains to be seen. The company promises two games during 2012, one of which will be a rendition of the existing Flash-based offering, but hasn't responded to our queries on the billing side of things. ®


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Further down the page there are a couple process illustrations of this piece. I was working with a retired Navy SEAL in the States who claims to have had an encounter with the creature known as sasquatch, or big foot, for you Americans some years ago. It took about 20 back-and-forths or so to get it up to the final piece posted here.
Since I was a kid I've always loved the subject, and I still find it extremely fascinating. Though one of my biggest pet peeves with this was how every time you'd see an artist's rendition or a witness's sketch, it always looked like shit and was so vague and scribbly and sloppy that it wasn't even worth looking at. I wanted to create an illustration of this creature that, if you looked at it, your mind wouldn't have to fill in the blanks, and you could feel satisfied that you were seeing what the witness claims to have seen. I wanted those who believe in this creature to be able to look at a large, clear, detailed and realistic image and could be left feeling confident that they now have an 'accurate' picture of what they haven't yet seen for themselves.
I got in contact with this particular witness because he had a relatively long, face-t0-face look at the creature and claimed to have a crystal clear mental picture of it. His story is that he was about 15 feet away, and the encounter lasted about 20 seconds. The average is 3 seconds.
After I finally laid down the final touches and sent it to him, he told me the hair on his arms stood on end, his eyes watered up and his heart started beating quickly because it was so accurate. So according to the man that worked with me on this image, this is as accurate as it's going to get. I feel confident that, wether you believe or not, that this is the face of whatever species people have been seeing in North America for centuries.
I don't know if there really is such a creature out there, and I can't put faith in it's existence like I can when it comes to the existence of China or my dog Ben, but the man wasn't lying to me. Anyway, here it is, the face of sasquatch:


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Seven Year Old Boy Sets Swimming Record
Read the story. Click the "LISTEN" button at the bottom of the page to hear the story. When you are done, click the "NEXT" button.
A boy named Braxton is an excellent swimmer. He is seven years old. He holds the record for being the youngest person to swim from Alcatraz to San Francisco's Aquatic Park.
This second-grader read a magazine article. The article was about another boy who did the same swim. That boy was nine-years-old when he did it. Braxton decided that he wanted to swim it too.
Braxton's swim was 1.4 miles long. He did it with his coach and two other swimmers. A Coast Guard boat was next to them also. When they finished, the boy became the youngest swimmer to ever make the swim.
Braxton's mother was not always excited about the idea of her son doing the swim. Once he proved that he really wanted to do it she agreed. He trained two hours a day, four times a week.
Someone asked Braxton what the hardest part was about his record-breaking swim was. He said, "The swimming."
(This was adapted from an original story provided by News10 Rewrite.)


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Biblical order of creation
In the book of Genesis, God creates the universe. Many creationists who take Genesis literally use a peculiar argument in which they claim that the order of creation in Genesis exactly matches what scientists know today.
- Day one: God creates heaven and earth, and light and dark.
- Day two: God creates the firmament.
- Day three: God creates land in the water, then plants.
- Day four: God creates the sun and moon; then, as an afterthought, he creates the other stars.
- Day five: God creates water animals, then birds.
- Day six: God creates land animals, then Adam.
- Day seven: God rests.
At this point, theists go into a convoluted attempt to shoehorn this with modern science, claiming that this is exactly the order in which all our modern science tells us things came into existence. Since it is highly improbable that Moses, writing the Old Testament, would happen to get all the particulars so right, he must have been inspired by God.
Actually there are several things in the ordering that don't make sense.
- If the sun, moon and stars were created on the fourth day, where was the light coming from on day 1? Was the universe filled with ambient light?
- What firmament? Apologists invented this as a way of explaining the great flood, but it is not a scientific concept.
- If God created plants on day three before the sun, how did they get food?
- The Genesis account doesn't jive with the scientific one. Although research does indicate that water life evolved before land animals, birds evolved after land animals. Also, plants didn't evolve until long after the sun was born.
- There are actually two creation accounts in Genesis. The first is from Genesis 1 and is the account listed above. The second is from Genesis 2 in which the earth already existed and God created everything in the following order: water, man, the Garden of Eden, plants, rivers, animals, woman. Some creationists say that the first account is the real creation and the second is just limited to the creations that took place in and around the garden, however, Genesis 2:5 states that nothing had yet been created on the entire earth, thus making the two accounts separate.
Those issues aside, getting some things in the correct order is hardly miraculous. It is true that there are many possible permutations of the order of creation as presented, but only a small subset of those permutations make any sense. For instance, does anyone seriously believe that the Bible authors might have written that "First God created people, then he created light and dark, then he made the sun, then animals, and then the earth, and then the universe which contains it last of all"?
The differences between the two stories can be illustrated with tables:
|Creation Story #1
|Creation Story #2
|God's name
|God (elohim)
|The Lord God (yhwh elohim)
|God's mood
|At the end, annoyed
|Creation methods
|Commanding, separating
|Physically forming
|Creation organization
|JEDP identification
|P (priestly)
|J (Yahwist)
The first creation story has a system of creating environments, then creating inhabitants, as this table shows:
|Day 1
|Day 4
|Moon, stars
|Far Terrestrial
|Day 2
|Day 5
|Aquatic animals
|Flying animals
|Near Terrestrial
|Day 3
|Day 6
|Land animals, humanity
|"You may eat these"
Day 7: God was so happy about what he had done that he decided to take the first day off in the history of the Universe, which thus became the first Sabbath.
The second creation story goes
- God creates Adam
- Adam is lonely
- God creates animals for him
- Adam names them, but he is still lonely
- God creates Eve for him
- Adam is less lonely now
- A certain mischievous snake convinces Adam and Eve to eat the very enlightening fruit of a certain tree
- God gets sore at all three of them
These tables and the last list were originally at the Beacon Library (now defunct).


text:
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Every week we release a new free premium font from our very special designers under our Premium Font License.
Hurry! It's only available for one week and then is removed from the site and won't be available to get anymore.
Khanza Script is a brilliant font that is this weeks Free Font of The Week.
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text: Home- Academics- Departments and Programs- Geology Geology Professor Joe Levy explores Martian glaciers Professor Levy and his students are analyzing images from the Mars Orbiter Mission to learn more about the planet's climate history. FULL VIDEO about Levy's Mars research Off-Campus Study in Geology Opportunities for geology students to study off campus include summer field camps, extended study and spring break trips, and affiliated study abroad programs. READ MORE: Off-campus Study Geology Concentrators Our students are engaged in exciting field and classroom learning as well as high-level research as undergraduates. Meet our concentrators. Robert M. Linsley Geology Museum Exquisite fossil, mineral, and rock displays in the Linsley Museum educate visitors about how and what these objects tell us about the Earth and its past. READ MORE about the Linsley Geology Museum At Colgate, you can be a part of one of the best undergraduate geology programs in the nation. We vigorously support student research and promote active participation of faculty and students in off-campus study groups. Menu Menu Academic Program Department Courses Faculty and Staff Students Research Facilities Off-Campus Study Useful Links Alumni About Geology The geology department strives to provide the best possible education while also fostering a sense of community among our faculty and students. Off-campus field programs held each summer and student-faculty research that involves hands-on experience with specialized instrumentation are just some of the ways that our students explore the science of geology, working side-by-side with world-class faculty and top-line peers in the classroom, in the field, and in the lab. Department Contacts Chair: William Peck Administrative assistant: Jodi McNamara (email@example.com) Office: 220 Ho Science Center Phone: 315-228-7201 Dept. Fax: 315-228-7187 Helpful Links Academic program Course offerings Faculty Department ITS support Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Summer research opportunities Studying in the Department of Geology Because of the diverse nature of the discipline, we offer two majors: Geology Environmental geology These majors are designed to enhance a student's understanding of our planet and to help them pursue careers in science, education, environmental consulting, business, law, and natural resource-related fields. We also offer a minor in geology. Success after Colgate Check out just a few of the careers that our alumni have pursued after receiving a degree in geology from Colgate: Geology Environmental geology Department News Professor Amy Leventer will be awarded the 2018 Goldthwait Polar Medal, the highest honor bestowed by the Byrd Polar Research Center, for her exceptional contributions to polar science. The official award ceremony will take place in January at the Byrd Center. Find out about Assistant Professor Joe Levy's research on thawing permafrost in Antarctica, recently highlighted in the Colgate University Newsfeed. Read about faculty-student research conducted by Assistant Professor Aubreya Adams and geology major, Monica Dimas '19, and their experiences installing a seismometer in east Africa. Geomorphologist and planetary scientist, Assistant Professor Joe Levy has joined the department. Read more about Joe here. We are deeply saddened by the sudden loss of longstanding department member, Bruce Selleck, an inspiring professor, great friend, colleague, and mentor. His humor, wisdom, and seemingly boundless knowledge will be dearly missed. Dean's Letter to the Colgate Community in Remembrance of Bruce. Amy Leventer and Meghan Duffy '18 complete a research cruise to Antarctica during the spring 2017 semester. Read about it here. A Nature Geoscience article co-authored by geology alumna, Karen Alley '12, was reported on in the Washington Post. Karen led the study, which examined the impacts of warm seawater on Antarctica's ice shelf. Astrogeophysics alumna, Christina (Viviano) Beck '06 describes some of her work at NASA's Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). Listen here. Older news items: Aubreya Adams has installed a new seismic station on Colgate's upper campus. Read about it here.Amy Leventer and Bruce Selleck have been awarded chaired positions. Read about it here. Karen Harpp has been awarded the 2015 Balmuth Award for Teaching and Student Engagement. Read about it here. Assistant Professor of Geophysics Aubreya Adams discusses her postdoctoral research on the Cameroon Volcanic Line in West Africa. Listen here. Distinguished USGS geologist and long-time supporter of the department, Douglas Rankin (CU '53) passed away on February 25. First place in the 2014 AAPG Imperial Barrel Award was won by a team of five University of Louisiana at Lafayette Master's students, including geology alum, Sam Ely '12. Click these links for more information about the win, and the IBA competition. Geology alum, Stephanie Tubman '08, has been named a fellow at the American Geosciences Institute. Read about it here. Follow Amy Leventer's experience through this blog. Karen Harpp teaches a new online course about the Manhattan Project. Geology students apply classroom techniques in field. Students and faculty conduct summer research in a variety of locations for the "OC" Extended study brings students to volcano's summit. Geology 420 students learn in the field in Chile Professor converts gridiron into geologic timeline. Geology 215 students use football stadium locker room as lab Youngsters visit campus to learn about paleontology. Summer camp visits Colgate's resident paleontologist and geology museum Students, alumni on research cruise to Galapagos. Seven students and three alumni collecting samples and mapping ocean floor Academics Majors and Minors Departments and Programs Africana and Latin American Studies Art and Art History Asian Studies Biology Chemistry The Classics Computer Science East Asian Languages and Literatures Economics Educational Studies English Environmental Studies Film and Media Studies Geography Geology Academic Program Department Courses Faculty and Staff Students Research Facilities Off-Campus Study Useful Links Alumni German History International Relations Jewish Studies LGBTQ Studies Linguistics Mathematics Medieval & Renaissance Studies Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies Music Native American Studies Neuroscience Peace and Conflict Studies Philosophy Physics & Astronomy Political Science Psychological and Brain Sciences Religion Romance Languages and Literatures Russian and Eurasian Studies Sociology and Anthropology Theater Women's Studies Writing and Rhetoric Off-Campus Study Core Curriculum Research Fellowships & Scholarships Scholars Programs Pre-Professional Planning Academic Calendar University Catalogue Course Offerings Libraries RELATED LINKS


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Hungarian Historical Review
Vladas Sirutavičius: National Bolshevism or National Communism: Features of Sovietization in Lithuania in the Summer of 1945 (The First Congress of the Intelligentsia)
Nikola Baković: "No One Here is Afraid of Blisters or Work!" Social Integration, Mobilization and Cooperation in Yugoslav Youth Brigades. The Example of Čačak Region Brigades (1946–1952)
Sándor Horváth: Life of an Agent: Re-Energizing Stalinism and Learning the Language of Collaboration after 1956 in Hungary
Alexander Mirescu: A Curious Case of Cooperation and Coexistence: Church–State Engagement and Oppositional Free Spaces in Communist Yugoslavia and East Germany
Marie Černá: From "Occupation" to "Friendly Assistance": The "Presence" of Soviet Troops in Czechoslovakia after August 1968
Tibor Takács: Them and Us: Narratives of Agents from the Kádár Era
Caterina Preda: Forms of Collaboration of Visual Artists in Communist Romania of the 1970s–1980s
Book Reviews
Legacies of Violence. Eastern Europe's First World War. Edited by Jochen Böhler, Włodzimierz Borodziej, and Joachim von Puttkamer. Reviewed by Rudolf Kučera
Nép, nemzet, zsidó [Folk, Nation, Jew]. By Gábor Gyáni. Reviewed by Ferenc Laczó
Propaganda State in Crisis: Soviet Ideology, Indoctrination, and Terror under Stalin, 1927–1941. By David Brandenberger. Reviewed by Balázs Apor
A magyar népi mozgalom története: 1920–1990 [History of the Hungarian Populist Movement: 1920–1990]. By István Papp. Reviewed by Ákos Bartha
Magyar idők a Felvidéken 1938–1945. Az első bécsi döntés és következményei [Hungarian Times in the Upper Lands, 1938–1945. The First Vienna Award and its Consequences]. By Attila Simon. Reviewed by Veronika Gayer
Imposing, Maintaining, and Tearing Open the Iron Curtain: The Cold War and East-Central Europe, 1945–1989. Edited by Mark Kramer and Vít Smetana. Reviewed by Zoltán Sz. Bíró
Fabricating Authenticity in Soviet Hungary. The Afterlife of the First Hungarian Soviet Republic in the Age of State Socialism. By Péter Apor. Reviewed by Adam Hudek
The Collectivization of Agriculture in Communist Eastern Europe. Comparison and Entanglements. Edited by Constantin Iordachi and Arnd Bauerkämper. Reviewed by Róbert Balogh
Secrets and Truths: Ethnography in the Archive of Romania's Secret Police. By Katherine Verdery. Reviewed by Caterina Preda


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NOTE: OBSOLETE MOD FOR OBSOLETE GAME. JUST DOWNLOAD LOST ALPHA INSTEAD. Greetings, Stalker! Welcome to CS Remix! The goal of this mod is to further increase realism, gameplay and balance in S.T.A.L.K.E.R. Clear Sky. THIS MOD WAS DEVELOPED ON VERSION 1.5.10 (latest version)! I HAVE NOT TESTED THE MOD ON PREVIOUS VERSIONS! This mod adds new artifacts, new armor, and new weapon stats (identical to the actual guns). All of these can be found in stashes or at traders.
Definitely a must mod for Clear sky! truly amazing.


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text:
Dejour farms out development of West Grand Valley
By Steven Ralston, CFA
Dejour Energy () announced the execution of an agreement to sell and farm-out approximately 7,450 acres (gross and net) to an unnamed large-cap NYSE-listed exploration & production (E&P) company. The transaction includes a commitment to carry Dejour through the drilling and completion of three earning wells, along with Dejour being able to retain a 20% working interest in over 5,100 acres of the project. As a result, Dejour can participate in the advancement of this natural gas resource in a capital-efficient manner as well as benefit from a well-capitalized operating partner continuing to secure the leases through the development of the project.
Though it is difficult to speculate on the identity of the purchaser, several large-cap E&P companies are active in the area, including Occidental Petroleum (OXY - Free Report) , Chevron (CVX - Free Report) , Encana (ECA - Free Report) and ConocoPhillips (COP - Free Report) while ExxonMobil (XOM - Free Report) , Marathon Oil (MRO - Free Report) , Anadarko (APC - Free Report) and Newfield Exploration also have interests in the Piceance Basin. The declines in prices of natural gas and NGLs have pressured drilling activity in the Piceance Basin over the past three years, but especially recently. However, some companies, like Encana with its recently announced joint drilling program with the Nucor (NUE), are intensifying their efforts in the region.
Part of the 7,450 acres is the 5,100+ acres in which Dejour is retaining a 20% working interest, which dovetails perfectly with the description of Dejour's 5,180-acre West Grand Valley prospect, which is located at the southwestern edge of the Piceance Basin in the western half of Garfield County. The West Grand Valley property includes the 1,440-acre Roan Creek project, which is known to be part of the anticipated farm-out. Adjacent acreage has been successfully developed for natural gas from thick shale intervals with pervasive gas saturation in the Niobrara formation of the Lower Mancos Shale and the shallower Williams Fork formation where Dejour has estimated there are cumulatively 200-to-250 feet of potentially productive zones of gas sand on the West Grand Valley prospect. Though the Dejour will not confirm or deny the precise properties involved in the agreement due to a confidentiality clause, we strongly believe that the retained 20% working interest in over 5,100 acres pertains to the West Grand Valley prospect, which is very positive attribute of the deal in that Dejour will participate in the development of this attractive prospect.
Dejour's working interest in the properties sold and farmed-out recently increased from 72% to 100% when it had been announced that the company had added approximately 31,000 net acres to its portfolio of exploration landholdings in northwestern Colorado. The incremental gain in net acreage was a result of the restructuring of the joint venture arrangement with Brownstone Energy. In the third quarter, management at Brownstone decided to focus on Brownstone's core assets, namely fields in Colombia (Llanos Basin) and Israel (Levant Basin), and divest its minority 28.5% in the West Grand Valley property and some other properties under the JV. However, Brownstone retained its 28.5% interest in the 2,200-acre Kokopelli project and its attendant requirement to fund a proportionate share of developmental costs.
Our rating on Dejour's stock remains Outperform based upon the expectations of increased production from the company's Woodrush property and the successful completion of the company's first gas-producing well at Kokopelli, along with the stock's continued attractive valuation level of the stock relative to its reserve valuation. New reserve valuations (NPV-10) dated December 31, 2012 are expected on both Woodrush and Kokopelli.
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See Bruno Mars' New Mansion in Laurel Canyon
Bruno Mars has a new place to be lazy. The 'It Will Rain' singer just plunked down $3.25 million for a new pimped out pad.
The house boasts a sweet pool, three bedrooms and 3.5 bathrooms spread across 4,064 square feet. Most impressive are probably the master bedroom and bathroom. The master suite rocks a full wall of retractable floor-to-ceiling glass panels so Bruno can gaze outside. The ever-stylish Mars can get suited up in his walk-in closet and adjoining dressing room. The master bathroom has heated floors, a multi-head steam shower, free-standing soaking tub set in front of a large window (get curtains, Bruno!), a dry sauna with a huge window (get a towel, Bruno!) and a massage area and gym.
While the house is a bit pricey, we think Mars can afford it. In addition to his Grammy winning debut 'Doo-Wops & Hooligans,' Mars has worked on albums and tracks for several other artists, including Adam Lambert and Eminem.
Mars' mansion is located in Laurel Canyon, a popular Los Angeles locale for Old Hollywood types — only fitting for the vintage rockabilly boy, no? He'll have some fun company too, because Kesha and 'Glee' actor Chris Colfer live nearby. That's gonna be one heck of a housewarming party.


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Marion cuts fee for burying lines
News editor
Marion City Council voted Wednesday to reduce from $750 to $450 the fee for city workers to install underground electrical service to homes and businesses.
City Administrator Doug Kjellin said the fee would still cover the city's costs, and underground electrical service reduces problems with ice storms. The reduction will provide incentive for more people to change to underground service, he said.
The change was part of a resolution updating the city's fee schedule. The only other change was clarifying that copies cost 50 cents for both sides of a page, rather than separately.
The council also approved paying $6,078 for preliminary work on sewer replacement in Jex Addition, including $5,000 to EBH Engineering for design work. Kjellin said he expected the city would receive a permit for the project from Kansas Department of Health and Environment in January.
In other business:
- With new rates from Kansas Power Pool going into effect in January, Kjellin calculated the city would need to increase the rate for electricity to 10.7 cents per kilowatt hour to maintain the same financial status in the department. The rate currently is 10.3 cents per kilowatt hour. The council will review the proposal Jan. 7.
- Council member Jerry Kline asked what the city's arrangements were in case of a water shortage. Kjellin said Marion Reservoir wasn't in immediate danger of having a shortage, but the city does have a plan to curtail water use and provide a backup water source.
- The council approved several appointments by Mayor Mary Olson. Phyllis Kreutziger and Dale Johnson were appointed to the Cemetery Board; Ruth Herbel, Margo Yates, and Chad Gormley were appointed to the Planning Commission; Dorothy Youk was appointed to the Housing Authority; Wendy Youk was appointed to the Historical Museum Board; and Lyle Leppke and Bill Darrow were appointed to the Airport Board.
- Thad L. Meierhoff is retiring as a firefighter after 31 years with Marion Fire Department, including some time as fire chief.
The next council meeting will be at 4:30 p.m. Jan. 7.


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Question types: Pattern match with molecular editor
Maintained by Tim Hunt, Jamie Pratt, Phil Butcher
A question type where the user enters their response using the JavaScript Molecular Editor, and the response is then graded using the OU's pattern-match algorithm.
330 sites
123 downloads
9 fans
Current versions available: 7
There are working examples in eAssessment with Moodle on our OpenLearn site.
The documentation is in How to create questions in Moodle on that site.
This plugin is part of set Open University.
Useful links
Tim Hunt (Lead maintainer)
Jamie Pratt: Developer
Phil Butcher: Question type designer
Colin Chambers: Developer
Chris Nelson: Product owner
Please login to view contributors details and/or to contact them
Show comments
- Fri, Aug 24, 2012, 5:50 PMJust to explain what is going on here. There are actually two different strings here: smiles_c and smiles_C. You can see those are different. I can see those are different. MySQL thinks they are identical.
However, it is probably not a great idea to have two language strings that differ only be upper/lower case, so I will fix this.
- Fri, Aug 24, 2012, 5:59 PMAh. Well of course in SMILES 'c' and 'C' have clear, and different, meanings. 'c' is aromatic (as in benzene rings); 'C' is aliphatic (straight chains). Which tells you what to call them to distinguish them for the SQL.
- Fri, Aug 24, 2012, 6:08 PMHi,
Thanks for fixing this Tim. I was using get_string to fetch the human name for the SMILES character suffixing the character with 'smiles' and then passing it to get_string. I guess one way to fix this might be to prepend big_ onto an upper case character and convert it to a lower case character appending that to smiles and looking up the translation with get_string
- Fri, Aug 24, 2012, 6:09 PMThat is roughly what I am doing. I will ask you to peer review the patch when it is done.
- Fri, Aug 24, 2012, 7:33 PMOK, Jamie liked my patch, so the code is now available from github. Download links like https://github.com/moodleou/moodle-qtype_pmatchjme/zipball/MOODLE_22_STABLE or https://github.com/moodleou/moodle-qtype_pmatchjme/zipball/master
- Tue, Aug 28, 2012, 7:46 PMNow is OK, new install was without problem, upgrades problem was in history track.
- Wed, Sep 19, 2012, 9:12 AMI had a client reported the following JME problem. Please help to identify the issue.
The JME editor now seems to work perfectly; however, the question engine does not recognize either of the correct answers when they are given. I assume this is a problem with the pattern match mechanism, since there is a function in the JME Editor to acquire the SMILES string and it is identical to the SMILES string entered in the question (although the question version requires escape characters, as per the manual: http://labspace.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=470268§ion=5.5.2). "
- Wed, Sep 19, 2012, 4:25 PMGeorge can you find out exactly what the molecule or the correct answers are so that I can try them.
- Wed, Jul 3, 2013, 7:53 PMHi all,
please read the following FAQ created recently, it hopefully explains how to clarify this plugin better.
- Wed, Jul 3, 2013, 8:06 PM
- Wed, Aug 27, 2014, 12:04 AMI am running into issues with this plugin on my moodle 2.6.4 installation. I have installed version 1.4 following the instructions listed here however when I create and preview a question of this type in moodle the JME applet does not load.
I see in my access logs that a request is being made for /question/type/pmatchjme/jsme/jsme.nocache.js
This file(s) are not included in this plugin. I have the jmol/jsmol filter installed in my moodle installation. Any help would be appreciated
- Thu, Aug 28, 2014, 5:41 PMGreat spot jason. Sorry about that.
It turns out that the zip in the Plugins directory is a bit out of date.
The git repository https://github.com/moodleou/moodle-qtype_pmatchjme is more up to date but there are two fixes that still need to be deployed to it.
I'm in the process of applying and testing the fixes. Then I will push to the repository and get the plugin zip in the plugins database updated.
- Thu, Aug 28, 2014, 9:10 PMI've updated the git repository with the latest fixes (There was a javascript problem in IE 8) You'll find the JSME folder with the jsme.nocache.js file in there.
If you're comfortable with git just pull the latest version, visit admin > notification and pmatchjme will be updated (the caches need to be flushed to get the latest javascript files).
I'll look at getting the version in the Moodle plugins directory changed.
- Thu, Aug 28, 2014, 9:53 PMThanks Colin. The version of github works. I should have spotted it sooner. I was assuming the zip here and on github were identical.
- Tue, Nov 11, 2014, 2:59 AM
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The 16" needle tips are 3 3/8 inches long, allowing for an easily formed complete circle for small circumference knitting. All of the other needle tips (24", 32", 40" and 47") are 5 1/8 inches long. Since our cable is super flexible, the Magic Loop method of sock knitting can be accomplished with the 32" needles for one sock at a time. For two socks at a time, try either the 40" or 47" needles.
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NEW HAVEN — A proposal on the New Haven town meeting warning asks residents to back a special meeting or vote to decide whether to rezone a parcel of privately-owned land in town. The landowner says he has no immediate plans to develop the land, but some residents are opposed to rezoning the parcel.
Residents will weigh in on the article by Australian ballot on Town Meeting Day, March 3.
The land in question, a 20-acre parcel on the southwest corner of Belden Falls Road and Route 7, is owned by Steve Dupoise Sr.
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Article 13 on the New Haven Town Meeting Warning asks the voters whether they want the 20-acre parcel on the southeast corner of the intersection of Route 7, which bisects River Road and Belden Falls Road, to be changed from its present zoning of agricultural/rural residential to highway commercial.
VERGENNES — A Monday decision by the Vergennes Development Review Board means the Boys & Girls Club of Greater Vergennes' longtime search for a new home will continue.
At its Monday meeting, the DRB unanimously denied a joint permit application by the Boys & Girls Club and homeowners Maurice and Jane Hebert to convert a house at 75 Main St. into club headquarters.
NEW HAVEN — As New Haven sorts through more than a dozen solar projects proposed in town, a resident has an idea that he says would mollify the siting concerns of neighbors and also allow solar firms to make the best use of the town's abundance of flat, open farmland.
Residents have raised concerns about the Public Service Board approving one-acre, 150-kilowatt solar arrays to be built in residential areas, often a stone's throw from their homes. Some say they're ugly, while others are concerned that nearby arrays will devalue their property.
FERRISBURGH — Issues of scenic impact and traffic came to the forefront at an Oct. 23 Act 250 hearing in the Ferrisburgh town office building that was devoted to Chevrolet dealer Tom Denecker's plan to consolidate his two existing locations at a new site, the junction of Routes 7 and 22A.
ADDISON — The chairman of Addison's selectboard denied allegations leveled against the town of Addison, himself and his wife contained in a civil suit that was filed on March 5 in Addison Superior Court by two town residents.
ADDISON — The Addison Planning Commission on Sept. 16 formally adopted its new proposed update to zoning regulations and agreed to forward the laws to the town selectboard.
Chairman Frank Galgano said planners opted to make only minor changes to the document after the formal public hearing they held the week before.
"Essentially it's the same proposal we presented on that evening," Galgano said.
ADDISON — On Sept. 9 the Addison Planning Commission unveiled a draft update to town zoning that includes a rewritten section on waivers that would allow residents flexibility from lot-line setback requirements, a new section regulating fences, and the addition of an already approved section on "personal landing strips" for private airplanes.
ADDISON — Addison planners continued to make headway in their major effort to update the town's zoning laws. They hope to have a finished draft for a public hearing by November, according to September minutes.
MONKTON — The Monkton Development Review Board (DRB) is nearing a decision on whether to permit a contentious application for a 30-plus acre quarry off of Monkton Road.
According to the application filed by Brisson Stone LLC and David Shlansky's Burchfield Management Company LLC, "Brisson Stone will rely on drilling and blasting rock ledge to produce unconsolidated rock and gravel that will be collected on-site." Burchfield Management filed the application, and the two enterprises are working together on this project.
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Aaron Hernandez was denied bail again after a hearing Thursday at Fall River Superior Court in which prosecutors unveiled new evidence against the former Patriots tight end charged with first-degree murder.
Aaron Hernandez was denied bail again after a hearing Thursday at Fall River Superior Court in which prosecutors unveiled new evidence against the former Patriots tight end charged with first-degree murder.
Investigators found a magazine to a .45-caliber handgun inside a Humvee registered to Hernandez and recovered three boxes of .45-caliber ammunition as well as ammunition for a rifle after they executed search warrants Wednesday night at a Franklin condominium that Hernandez is renting. Prosecutors also mentioned obtaining a picture of Hernandez holding a Glock handgun that began circulating on the Internet late Wednesday.
"That shows the fluid and progressive nature of the investigation," Bristol County District Attorney C. Samuel Sutter said outside the Fall River Justice Center after the bail review hearing.
Prosecutors began laying out their highly-detailed case against Hernandez during his arraignment Wednesday in Attleboro District Court, where a judge ordered Hernandez to be held without bail.
Hernandez' defense lawyers appealed that bail decision in Bristol County Superior Court. They said the prosecution's case was circumstantial and "fraught with doubt."
"There is no eyewitness testimony, no indication of direct evidence as to who shot Lloyd and who was present," defense attorney James Sultan said in arguing that the prosecution had not submitted evidence proving who shot Odin Lloyd, a 27-year-old Dorchester man, on June 17.
Sultan pointed to his client's lack of a criminal record, his ties to the community, his fiance and eight-month daughter in arguing that Hernandez — who the defense team described as "a young man who is extremely hard-working" — should have been granted $250,000 cash bail with conditions of release.
Sultan added Hernandez, 23, was not a flight risk, and said being released on bail would allow Hernandez to receive medical treatment and physical therapy he needs to recover from shoulder surgery.
However, Judge Rene F. Dupuis said that the prosecution's case — while "circumstantial to be sure" — was still "very, very strong" and that it portrayed a convincing picture that Hernandez orchestrated a "cold-blooded" execution of Lloyd because the victim reportedly disrespected the defendant.
"If that's true, and based upon this information it seems to be ... this individual doesn't comply with societal rules and that the idea I can release him on the risk that he would comply with court rules is not something I'm willing to accept," Dupuis said, adding that she doubted a GPS bracelet would ensure Hernandez' good behavior.
Defense attorneys Sultan and Michael K. Fee said they will consider appealing the bail decision to a single justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.
Sultan and Fee declined to comment on media reports Thursday that detectives are investigating Hernandez for a drive-by shooting that killed two men last year in Boston.
First Assistant District Attorney William McCauley reiterated the prosecution's case against Hernandez. McCauley said surveillance footage from Hernandez' North Attleboro home on the night of Lloyd's murder showed Hernandez carrying a gun while leaving his house. Hernandez was also heard telling someone in the house that he was mad because he couldn't trust anybody.
On the night of June 16, Hernandez texted two friends from out of state and asked them to return to Massachusetts. The three men picked up Lloyd at his home around 2:30 a.m. on June 17, and as they drove around, they talked about what happened at a nightclub two nights earlier, when the victim reportedly disrespected Hernandez, prosecutors said.
McCauley said Lloyd was "very nervous" that night and that he texted his sister to let her know who he was with. A few hours later, Lloyd was found dead from five gunshot wounds in an industrial park about one mile from Hernandez' home. McCauley said investigators recovered five .45-caliber shell casings from the scene that appeared to have been fired from a Glock.
McCauley added that the case against Hernandez "is strong, and he would be looking at a chance of life in prison without parole."
Lloyd's relatives were emotional after they left the courtroom and declined to speak with the media.
Also on Thursday, a few young men wearing New England Patriots jerseys and T-shirts attended the bail hearing. Several Patriots fans — also wearing their team's colors, including Hernandez' number 81 jersey — later chanted "Free Hernandez" and "Not Guilty" outside the courthouse on South Main Street.
"You feel bad because you're a fan, but it puts football into perspective," Daniel Correia, 18, of Fall River, said while wearing a red throwback Tom Brady jersey.
"It sounds like Hernandez is in the guilty end of this," said Correia, who was accompanied by friend Devin Casey, 17, of Fall River. Casey wore a Patriots T-shirt to show his support for the embattled NFL star, despite his arrest.
"The commonwealth spilled out the cold hard facts" Casey said. "I never thought I'd see Hernandez here like this."
The courtroom was so packed during Hernandez' hearing that several reporters and courthouse personnel were not allowed inside after the hearing began at 2 p.m.. Hernandez, wearing a green Bristol County House of Corrections uniform, appeared subdued throughout the hearing. At one point, he appeared to nod to his fiance, who was in the courtroom and broke down in tears after the bail decision. She later declined to speak with reporters outside the courthouse.
Hernandez is scheduled to appear July 24 for a probable cause hearing in Attleboro District Court.
However, it is unlikely that hearing will be held because the Bristol County District Attorney's Office will be looking to present the case to a grand jury for indictment. If Hernandez is indicted on murder and firearm charges, he would then be arraigned in Superior Court, either in Fall River or Taunton.
A first-degree murder conviction carries an automatic life sentence with no possibility of parole.
Email Brian Fraga at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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I don't think it's normal for a main dish to come as an afterthought to side dishes, but around my kitchen it seems to be happening a lot lately!
I started with the Buffalo Potato Wedges and decided they would be a great addition to a burger. But being WhitneyBond.com, I could not let the main dish be trumped by the amazingness of the side! This is how the 1/2 lb grass-fed blue cheese stuffed burger with homemade roasted red pepper aioli, topped with avocado was born!
Let's start by making that scrumptious homemade roasted red pepper aioli!
Ingredients (makes 1/2 cup)
- 12 oz roasted red peppers
- 2 garlic cloves
- 1/3 cup fat-free plain greek yogurt
- 1 tbsp grapeseed oil
- 1 tbsp olive oil
- 1/4 tsp sea salt
- 1/4 tsp black pepper
Now chop the peppers and garlic.
Next, add the chopped ingredients to a food processor or blender.
Puree the ingredients, then add the greek yogurt.
I used fat-free plain greek yogurt in place of mayonnaise which is traditionally used in aioli's.
I thought the sauce was just as good, if not better with the greek yogurt and saves you 26 fat grams and 213 calories per 1/3 cup!
Now add in the olive and grapeseed oils, salt and pepper. Blend together and the aioli is ready to go!
Oh my gosh, how good is that going to be on top of the mouth-watering burgers you're now ready to prepare!
Ingredients (makes 2 burgers)
- 1 lb ground beef
- 2 tsp steak seasoning
- 1 tbsp worcestershire sauce
- 4 tbsp blue cheese
- 2 ciabatta rolls
- 1 avocado
- homemade roasted red pepper aioli
First of all, let me point out a very important part of the ingredient list and that is the grass-fed ground beef!
The flavor of this meat is so amazing that you'll never go back to the other stuff! If there's not a Trader Joes in your area check your local farmers market, or even a lot of traditional grocery stores carry grass-fed these days!!
Start by pre-heating the grill to medium-high heat. Now get the burgers ready to grill by adding the steak seasoning to the ground beef.
Next, add in the worcestershire sauce.
Now separate the beef into two equal patties.
And it's time to get stuffing!! Start by carving out a large, deep hole in each burger.
Place 2 tbsp of blue cheese in each burger.
Now wrap the beef tightly around the cheese so that you don't lose any of the yummy cheesiness out of the middle while the burgers are on the grill!
It's time to start grilling!
A little trick of the trade: a lot of people like to press their patties down with a spatula but that is a no-no!
Pressing down on the beef continually throughout the cooking process will press all those yummy juices out of the burger and dry it out… and nobody wants that!!! So let's stick with using the spatula for one thing: flipping!
There's something about those beautiful grill marks that just makes me so happy!
Now it's time to slice the ciabatta rolls in half and add to the grill to toast.
Cook to your liking then remove from the grill and get ready to assemble the masterpiece!
Oh my gosh the juiciness, a little of the blue cheese peaking through, I can not tell you how hard it was to take all these pictures and not take a bite!!
I now added more blue cheese on top. For two reasons:
- It looks good in pictures,
- I have a mild(ly serious) addiction to the smelly cheese!
Next, add the sliced avocado on top.
Now it's time to drizzle that delectable homemade roasted red pepper aioli all over the beefy work-of-art!
Add the buffalo potato wedges on the side and you've got one incredible lunch!