text:
The second season of Game Of Thrones ended Sunday night. Our reviewers, Todd VanDerWerff and David Sims, got together to discuss whether the season was a success, which storylines were most and least interesting, and just what's up with all those ice zombies.
Related stuff:
Game Of Thrones (newbies)
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This take on Minted was made by
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community of independent artists.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Students around the country are going back to school. My daughter resumed high school yesterday and I think that my third son starts college soon too.
Last night, I mentioned to our students that they should be very careful when they go back to school. I recommended that they each purchase a small container of hand sanitizer and that they take care to wash their hands often. It is possible that the swine flu will spread more readily in the schools. I also explained that if they touch something that is contaminated, and then touch their own mouth or eyes, they could become infected. Frequent hand washing is a good way to prevent this.
I also mentioned that this is not only for their own health and safety. If they become ill, they can make their family members ill too. Even if they can recover, elderly or sickly family members might not be so fortunate. So trying to avoid getting sick is also a way to help others -- not just ourselves.
We train hard in Karate, at least in part to learn to defend ourselves. It makes sense that we should also be vigilant when it comes to our health and defending ourselves against disease.
I am not a doctor but it seems to me that one of the best ways to avoid getting sick is to be in the best shape possible. A healthy person can resist and recover from an illness better than a sick or weak person. At least that is how it seems to me.
I also told my students that anyone who feels sick should stay home and not return to class until they are full recovered. No coming to class with a fever or cough. Again, this is to be considerate of the other students.
I teach at a City and County of Honolulu gym. Obviously, if the gym is closed due to the flu, our classes will be canceled. If that happens, we will simply have to practice at home (which we do already). No sense getting upset about such things. As we often say, "If can, can. If cannot, cannot."
As Karate instructors, we have the ability to help advise our students about many issues. It is easy for us to recommend that they follow safe hygiene methods, like washing their hands frequently and using hand sanitizers when they cannot wash.
Charles C. Goodin
Back to School -- Time to Be Careful
Students around the country are going back to school. My daughter resumed high school yesterday and I think that my third son starts college soon too.
Posted by Charles C. Goodin on Tuesday, August 04, 2009
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Companies I have worked for replace them every 3 years
closed as not constructive by John Gardeniers, sysadmin1138♦ Jul 5 '11 at 1:52
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Never. We usually replace major servers every three or four years, but we then use the old servers for the less-important and/or less performance-critical applications.
We have lots of eight-to-ten year old servers, but we're not reliant on them.
I think we're going to just remove them as we virtualise, but physical hardware is still handy for things like fax servers.
Virtualization is really making a way into companies. Exchanging many servers for few powerful is way easier, cheaper and more comfortable than a packed full server room. – Manuel Ferreria Apr 30 '09 at 14:08
Never if we can avoid it. I work for the government. This means that we still have Pentium IIIs lying around. :-(
Pentium 3 running Debain can make a nice little caching DNS server. We have two of them running here. – AudioDan Jul 16 '09 at 15:14
It is interesting to read the comparisons.
I guess there is no 1 answer as it depends on the size of the company, usage of servers, etc.
I have only worked in large companies where the servers are treated as assets that get devalued (and therefore replaced) every 3 years. Plus support costs increase after this time so it can actually be more economical to replace large servers after this period.
We used to do that (since it was the length of the warantee), but we now get a 5 year warantee as standard so that we don't have to spend so much of our time migrating from server to server. I expect that virtualisation will begin to make this easier in future.
Most modern servers are good for at least a 5 year life in my experience. The warantee tends to be the limiting factor.... we clearly can't run anything mission critical on a server that is out of a support contract!
Typically we replace Intel servers after 4 years, when the manufacturers warranty has expired. We want to limit the number of servers that are "out of warranty" and have to pay additional maintenance for.
Recently, we've invested in a number of vmware clusters. We've already migrated over 100 physical servers onto them and all new servers Intel will be vm (unless there is a HUGE reason why not).
This allows us to upgrade/replace the server nodes without downtime, at our convenience one at a time.
Like Techboy our servers are assests that are devalued over 3 years at which point they are replaced.
We lease all our server hardware, and have a 3-year cycle.
But many times the application team isn't in a position to do the migration to a new server when that 3-years is up, and they end up extending the lease.
Extended warranties become more expensive throughout the lifecycle of hardware. Things like a SAN is worth the cost because it's a big hassle to replace a large SAN, but a server isn't as much. We've done costings on this it's always worth it (for us) to extend the warranty by 1 year at least before we deocommision a server (or virtualize it).
It might be riskier to replace some business critical servers than it is to keep them running - it's a valued judgement you need to make on a case-by-case basis.


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In the past five years, e-mail has replaced phone calls, letters, and radio contacts. Banking, investing, and bill paying have moved on line. Our weather, tidal information, and local knowledge come off the web. We order our replacement parts and make haul-out reservations on the computer. We haven't yet taught the thing to cook and clean up, but we're sure that will be coming soon.
The upshot is that we are now so entangled in the web, extracting ourselves would be a difficult, expensive, and painful exercise. And since we are embarking on the next leg of our watery adventures, finding ways of taking the web with us is an important part of our pre-cruise preparation.
I would imagine that we represent a median of computer knowledge. Our cohorts who were trained in web development are obviously way ahead of usin fact one of them referred to me a few years ago as a techno-peasant. On the other hand, we have worked with computers enough for the past seven or eight years to be able to solve the most common problems. So the raw frustration, disappointment, and high cost of taking the web mobile came as a big surprise to us. We found that we were simply not conversant with the equipment enough to be out on the cutting edge of the merging of technologies.
Landlines Communicating via land-based phone lines is still the least expensive line of defense. Take a laptop on board the boat and install a small inverter to run it. Buy a good waterproof case for the laptop and go ashore occasionally to beg, borrow, or surreptitiously use a telephone jack. You will need to maintain an account with an ISP (Internet Service Provider) for this method, having the bill sent to your credit card that you may then check on line periodically. The good thing is that you can send large files such as pictures without a problem. The bad news is that you will spend a lot of time searching for telephone jacksdepending on your attitude toward the cruising life, this can be a pain or an adventure. The other good news is that you now have a full-fledged computer on board to use for creative endeavors, for tides, navigation, or logs and diaries, and to play games on rainy days.
|"The bad news is that Internet cafes can be inconvenient, non-existent, and expensive. "
Yet a third variant on the landline method is becoming wildly popular for some cruisers, even though it doesn't allow Internet access at all. It's called PocketMail, and it allows short e-mail messages (maximum of about one typed page) to be sent over almost any telephone. The good news with PocketMail is that the hardware is inexpensive, the service is only $10 per month, and connections are everywhere you can reach a US-based 800 number. The bad news is that messages must be short, no attachments can be sent, contact from outside the US requires an additional long-distance charge (very expensive from the Bahamas, for instance), and no Internet connectivity is possible. But if you just want to tell mom and the kids that you arrived safely, it's probably a good deal.
The form of wireless voice communications that most of us use is the cellular phone, and yes, it is possible to send e-mail and make an Internet connection via a cell phone. The biggest problem is that there is no one in any of the above areas that seems to have a grasp on the whole systemthe cell phone companies know nothing about computers, the ISPs know nothing about cell service, and it is possible to go in circles for weeks without getting accurate information. With cell phone connections, the following items are necessary:
- A computer
- A cellular modem, preferably through a PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) and the cables to connect the computer, modem, and cell phone together.
- A cell phone capable of analog service, regardless of whether the phone will switch automatically or can be forced into analog mode.
- Cell phone service contract with the widest possible area.
- An external dual-mode cellular antennathis could be considered optional, but any weak connection or static will interrupt the data flow and kick you off the air. The antenna also extends the range offshore from which you can send and receive.
- An ISP with national/international reach that will operate at slow server speeds. Many now limit the slowest speed their servers will correspond with at 28.8k, and cell connections are at a very slow 9,600 bauds.
There are already variants based on the cellular system. Palm Pilots and other handheld devices are available with cellular modems built in, and cell phones themselves now have the ability to key in and send short text e-mail messages without a computer at all. Nokia and Motorola both make high-end cell phones built this way that can also be connected to a computer with special cabling so that longer e-mail messages can be up and downloaded between the two. Again, if all you are interested in is wireless e-mail messaging, these newer options may open some possibilities for you.
So what to do if you need total wireless connection offshore? The data must still be sent via radio waves, and you then have three optionsHAM radio, SSB (Marine Single Sideband) radio, or via satellite. All of these methods require black boxes and cables.
|"So what do you do if you need total wireless connection offshore? "
HAM operators have a much greater range of frequencies from which to choose and have an unlimited time usage, but must go through the lengthier licensing process to get the necessary permits. The biggest problem for some is that HAM transmissions, whether code, voice, or data are restricted to having a "business" natureso no e-mailing your broker to tell him to dump that ailing portfolio. Most HAM operators use either the Airmail 2000 software package and a shoreside ISP or the WinLink 2000 program that serves as a radio mailbox serving HAM operators around the globe.
If you have both a HAM and SSB radio, and the license to operate both, you would have to subscribe to two e-mail services in order to use them for transmitting data.
Other satellite possibilities are available from Magellan as voice communications with their World Phone via the Inmarsat system, and both voice and text messaging through their GSC 100 handheld program association with Orbcomboth offer worldwide communications. American Mobile Satellite/Skycell offers a similar system that works only in the US and Caribbean. You can also purhcase a satellite phone and connection service from Globalstar, which offers coverage that is essentially worldwide. This system is set up to accommodate Internet access and e-mail transmissions from laptops or PDAs (like the Palm Pilot).
The final analysis is that with these systems, any type of communication you want, and can afford, is possible. That's the good news. The bad news is that you are out on the cutting edge of technologies that are changing rapidly, so you are bound to go through a hugely frustrating experience getting where you want to go unless one of four conditions exist:
- You have PhDs in electronics and computer science.
- You find a mentor that can walk you through the purchase, installation, and de-bugging process.
- You shell out a lot of money to buy a proprietary package or have an expert technician do all the work for you.
- You don't mind limited communications and a constant search for the next connection.
If you do decide to break the connection with the landline and go wireless, do follow some basic rules:
- Don't buy any part of the system until you have researched the whole thing.
- Be prepared to purchase a new computer, modem, cell phone or radio, antennas, and sign up with new carriers or ISPs in order to achieve your goal.
- If you find anyone, anywhere, that knows what he or she is talking about on this issue, don't lose that phone number!
Suggested Reading:
Sailing with E-mail by Kathy Barron
E-mail Options by Paul and Sheryl Shard
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Amazing Alex Review
- Publisher: Rovio Entertainment Oyj
- Genre: Arcade
- Released: 12 Jul, 2012
- Size: 19.7 MB
- Price: $0.99
Updated, polished Retina-quality graphics; crisp on all iDevices. Interface switched to a single-touch system; makes positioning pieces easier, especially on the iPhone. Revised level progression; smoothed out to appeal to broader audiences.
- Currently less of a a re-make of Casey's Contraptions and more of a re-skin.
The been-there-done-that feeling of Amazing Alex is understandable for iPad owners who already have Casey's Contraptions, but for new-comers (including iPhone users) it's another cute, but still addictive physics puzzler to add to your collection.
- Full Review
- App Store Info
If you're not already aware of it, this isn't the first time we've seen Amazing Alex on the App Store. Those who owned an iPad around mid last year should be aware of Casey's Contraptions (CC) by Snappy Touch and Mystery Coconut - its Rube Goldberg inspired physics gameplay wasn't new, but it was seriously addictive. The game was subsequently bought out by Rovio, of Angry Birds fame, touched up, and now we have Amazing Alex for the iPhone and iPad.
In this iteration you play as Alex, an imaginative child that creates and then solves various problems using every-day objects including shelving, balloons, scissors, pipes, wind-up toys and many, many more. It's up to you to use the remaining pieces not added in to the 'machine' to pass the level, hopefully picking up all three stars in the process.
In a slight improvement over the original version, the earlier levels have been smoothed out, simplifying the challenge and teaching players how to use each new gadget before ramping up the challenge. Shamefully, despite the year since its previous release, many of the original levels have been kept in-tact. This isn't a terrible thing by any means, as their complexity was tuned just enough to allow for unique solutions to its many problems, however it does make it much harder to convince those who owned CC to come back for more.
Also left in-tact is the focus on social gaming, with solutions to each puzzle being shared automatically with your friends, while levels created in the editor are placed on an easy to use website and are downloaded with a single tap.
However, what Amazing Alex does have in its favor is the weight of a company like Rovio to not only polish the visuals to an adorably crisp level, but also the promise of more content to come. If any company can guarantee a continuous stream of new levels it's this one - and best of all, it's available on the iPhone too, so more people than ever can join in.
The addition of a smaller iPhone version does have its downsides, notably, placing puzzle pieces can be extremely fiddly, though a switch to a single-touch system has slightly helped.
The final verdict is a fairly clear one - if you can't get enough of Casey's Contraptions and you're itching for more content, jump back on board. For everyone else, it's a Rube Goldberg style physics puzzler of the kind we've seen many times before on the App Store, only with someone like Rovio at the helm you can at least expect continued support.
DescriptionAN AMAZING NEW PHYSICS PUZZLE GAME FROM THE CREATORS OF ANGRY BIRDS!
Meet Amazing Alex! This whiz kid has a boundless imagination and a houseful of fun toys that can turn anything into an adventure!
From cleaning up his room to battling cardboard robots in his backyard, Alex creates amazing chain reactions to get the job done with the maximum amount of fun! Now he has some challenges for you -- and he wants to see the most creative solutions YOU can create!
With 100 challenging levels across four fun-filled locations, there's a whole world of creations to explore!
Set the objects up to bounce, pop, ricochet, bash, and crash into each other and create an elaborate Rube Goldberg device! With a houseful of toys to play with, there's more than one right answer! Share your most creative solutions with your friends and see what they came up with!
Got a great idea for a level? Design intriguing new levels using 35 interactive objects and share them -- with friends or with the whole world! With other fans constantly creating and uploading new levels, there are always new challenges to check out!
- 100 amazing levels to test your creativity
- Create your own levels and share them with friends or with the whole world
- Amazingly social -- share your levels and solutions with friends, or see theirs
- 35 fully interactive objects and four fun locations
- Download and play the best fan-created levels from around the world
- Retina optimized for resolutionary experience
Find out more at: https://www.amazingalex.com
Follow Alex on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/amazingalex
Follow Alex on Twitter: http://twitter.com/#!/amazingalex
Watch the Official trailer: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xk7vezL36IU
Terms of Use: http://www.rovio.com/eula
Privacy Policy: http://www.rovio.com/privacy
Important Message for Parents
This game may include:
- Direct links to social networking websites that are intended for an audience over the age of 13.
- Direct links to the internet that can take players away from the game with the potential to browse any web page.
- Advertising of Rovio products and also products from select partners.
- The option to make in-app purchases. The bill payer should always be consulted beforehand.
What's New in Version 1.0.4We've got an amazing new episode for you: new levels every week, plus a chance to have your very own level featured around the world!
We've gotten tons of amazing levels from our fans, and we're going to select eight of the best to highlight each week.
Check back often to see eight new hand-selected levels and download your favorites, plus check if your level was featured!


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New grain carts
Three new Parker grain wagons feature a rugged chassis with a pull-through design for tandem pulling. The three wagons are the 405 with a 450-bu. capacity, the 505 with a 550-bu. capacity and the 605 with a 625-bu. capacity. The grain bed is constructed of steel and one-piece sides for durability. For safe towing, the 405 and 505 are equipped with two-wheel hydraulic-surge brakes; and four-wheel hydraulic-surge brakes are standard on the 605. Growers can unload up to 7 bu. of grain/sec. through a 5-ft. door. Prices start at $7,750. Contact Alliance, Dept. FIN, Box 357, Kalida, OH 45853, 419/532-3312, www.allianceag.com.
Gentle combining
A new reel that enhances crop feeding into a combine now attaches to existing major-brand combine heads. Designed by Crary Company, the Crary Air Reel uses a high-pressure fan to create an airflow that gently pushes the crop off the cutterbar, over the platform and into the auger. The reel, available in many sizes, works on soybeans and other small grains. Suggested retail price for a 30-ft. reel ranges from $6,300 to $6,400. Contact Crary Co., a division of TerraMarc Industries, Dept. FIN, Box 849, West Fargo, ND 58078-0849, 800/247-7335, www.terramarc.com.
New dump wagon
Sunflower is marketing its first dump wagon for hay and forage. The Richardton 8020 multipurpose dump wagon features a 12-ft., 750-cu.-ft. box with a dumping height of 11 ft. 3 in. It is rated for 20,000 lbs. of capacity. The 8020 is available as a four-wheel, auto-steer model or a single-axle model. Retail prices start at $13,700. Contact Sunflower Mfg. Co., Dept. FIN, Box 566, Beloit, KS 67420-0566, 800/748-8481, www.sunflowermfg.com.
Canadian design
A Canadian-manufactured grain cart designed for the mid-size market includes several features that make it convenient for growers. A turret auger design allows grain unloading even when cart-to-truck alignment is less than perfect. It also helps avoid contact between housing and grain truck. A sloped cart top helps prevent grain spillage on the opposite side of the cart when loading. It includes a gravity chute to unload into grain augers or air seeder loading augers. Prices start at $23,540. An electronic scale package is $4,456. Contact Bourgault Industries, Dept. FIN, Box 39, St. Brieux, Saskatchewan, Canada S0K 3V0, 306/275-2300, www.bourgault.com.
Combine leveling kit
A combine leveling system is now available for new and used John Deere 9000 series CTS and STS combines. The 2000 series combine leveling system from Hillco electronically monitors the slope of a field being harvested and then hydraulically tilts the chassis of the combine to maintain a level left/right position. The header is then counter rotated to keep it parallel to the field surface. As a result, the combine's capacity is improved because the threshing and cleaning system is kept level. The 2000 series design handles both single and dual drive tires. A leveling kit costs $28,000 to $29,000 and is sent to the combine dealer for installation. It is bolted on, requiring no cutting or welding. Contact Hillco Inc., Dept. FIN, Box 399, Nezperce, ID 83543, 800/937-2461, www.hillcoweb.com.
Easy baling, mowing
Baling is easier with the new Accu-Bale Plus bale monitoring system from Vermeer. It is available as an option on the Vermeer 554XL, 555XL, 604XL and 605XL balers. An operator can set and adjust bale size, adjust overfill settings, instantly switch from twine tie to net wrap, and override the auto tie system — all with just a push of a button.
Vermeer also has expanded its Gator mower line with its largest three-point model. The 8030 Gator mower cuts a swath 10½ ft. wide with a tractor with a minimum of 80 hp. The mower features a low-profile cutterbar, Kevlar curtain protection and heavy-duty cutting discs. List price: $8,917. Contact Vermeer Mfg. Co., Dept. FIN, Box 200, Pella, IA 50219-0200, 800/370-3659, www.vermeerag.com.


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Enterprise Strategy Group Sheds Insight on Nexus 1000V Virtual Network Overlays
The Enterprise Strategy Group (ESG) has released this week a whitepaper and companion video looking at virtual network overlays and their use in multi-tenant environments. This comes on the heels of the ESG research brief on Cisco's recently announced Cisco ONE set of network programming interfaces which includes Nexus 1000V-based virtual overlays.
ESG points out that virtual network overlays are important to building out multi-tenant environments like private and hybrid clouds, as well as overcoming scalability issues in those environments that have traditionally been based on VLANs. As ESG notes, and as Cisco mentioned in it's ONE announcement, programmability of the virtual networks is what really separates them from classic overlays based on MPLS or GRE tunnels. The Nexus 1000V will achieve this programmability capability by SDN API's such as OpenStack on top of the Nexus 1000V virtual supervisor module.
ESG included some interesting market insights on what organizations look for when choosing a particular virtual switch. These selection criteria from a multitude of organizations highlight specific Nexus 1000V benefits, such as seamless integration with servers and fabric interconnects, a common management infrastructure across physical and virtual switches, and the ability to support heterogeneous server (and even hypervisor) environments.
ESG also points out that northbound API's in this new generation of virtual network overlays will eventually allow for much greater automation and orchestration of cloud environments:
The ability to tie into higher levels of automation and orchestration will be important to enable private cloud environments. The northbound interfaces from the Nexus 1000V VSM will enable application developers to build cloud automation tools, and because the Nexus 1000V will use open APIs like OpenStack, these application developers may be able to port their orchestration applications to other SDN and virtual overlay infrastructures.
As virtualization increases, programmable virtual networks are going to be an important foundation on which to build more scalable multi-tenant environments. This ESG research points to some key attributes to consider and should be a good resource to clarify their role in cloud networks.
In an effort to keep conversations fresh, Cisco Blogs closes comments after 60 days. Please visit the Cisco Blogs hub page for the latest content.


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My posts will be random in the next few weeks so that I can take extra time to fully enjoy spending quality time with my family.
You can find Christmas ideas here. You can also start preparing for the New Year with my previous posts about New Year's Eve here.
You can also follow me on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest and Instagram.
Celebrate with the ones you love and cherish all of the little things!
Enjoy your holidays!


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JERUSALEM -- U.S. Secretary of State John F. Kerry and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu met in Rome for seven hours Wednesday evening, double-billed as discussions on Iran and Israeli-Palestinian peace talks.
Headed into the meeting, both leaders appeared to agree in their concern that Iran must not be able to develop a nuclear weapon and that diplomatic means were the best way toward achieving this goal.
Welcoming the change of tone and diplomatic opening offered by Iran's new leadership, Kerry stressed that the U.S. will need to know that actions are being taken to make it "crystal clear, undeniably clear, fail-safe to the world" that whatever nuclear program Iran pursues is a peaceful one.
These actions, according to Netanyahu, must involve complete dismantling of Iran's uranium-enrichment capabilities and removal of amassed fissile material from the country, as well as halting the country's plutonium track. "A partial deal that leaves Iran with these capabilities is a bad deal," Netanyahu said.
Perceived gaps between the U.S. and Israeli positions on allowing Iran to retain enrichment capabilities were not bridged in the long meeting, according to reports. Other U.S. allies in the Middle East appear to share Israel's concerns.
As Kerry and Netanyahu met in Rome, U.S. and Israeli officials met in Washington for the latest round of Strategic Dialogue talks, regularly scheduled twice a year.
According to a State Department statement, Deputy Secretary of State William Burns and Israeli Minister for Strategic and Intelligence Affairs Yuval Steinitz discussed a wide range of regional issues as well as bilateral matters.
If Iran wants civilian nuclear energy and the world seeks guarantees that it will not produce nuclear weapons, this can be easily solved, according to Steinitz, by Iran buying its nuclear fuel from a third country.
Iran has no reason to retain enrichment capabilities "unless they wish to remain only a short distance from the ability to produce a bomb, and we will not accept this," Steinitz told Israeli media Thursday.
The possibility of reaching a deal with Iran, the stability of its new regime and military options in the matter are also among the topics being discussed Thursday by Israeli and international experts at a daylong panel titled "Iran at a Crossroads" being held at the Institute for National Security Studies, a Tel Aviv think tank.
Sobelman is a news assistant in The Times' Jerusalem bureau.


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Linking radio station tuning data to consumer purchase information is the best way to ensure that radio advertising is being heard by consumers who are eager to listen.
According to a recent major market pilot test by Nielsen, for the first time, a connection can be drawn between what consumers listen to on the radio and how they spend. This solidifies radio's place as a valuable marketing platform for advertisers and media planners. The major market pilot test combined proprietary Nielsen data with anonymized panelist credit and debit card purchasing behavior covering more than 24 billion transactions and $2 trillion in annual sales primarily from the retail, travel, digital, restaurant, entertainment, financial services and telecom categories.
"The ability to determine how radio listeners among different formats like pop, news or rock are spending their dollars creates a unique opportunity for radio broadcasters to make a case for the value of their audience," says Farshad Family, SVP, Local Media Product Leadership. "We are just beginning to tell the story about the value of radio's audience. As we make progress on conducting more links between listening data and purchase data, we will continue to share more insights with the marketplace."
Dallas, Texas, a major market with more than 5.7 million weekly radio listeners and $344 million in radio ad spend per year*, was one of the DMAs included in the pilot test. By conducting the analysis at the local metro level, Nielsen identified unique radio ad spend opportunities specifically for the local market. Aligned with leading advertising effectiveness insights validated in the television and digital space, this pilot confirms efforts to extend Nielsen Buyer Insights to the radio industry.
While Pop Contemporary Hit Radio listeners in Dallas spend less per trip on average, they actually exhibit the highest average spend per buyer annually. They also make the most trips annually when compared with all other listeners.
It's safe to say listeners of News/Talk radio in Dallas like going to the movies. On average, they spend roughly $25 more per buyer and watch 1.2 more movies annually. News/Talk listeners also spend more per trip.
In the retail category, a big spending group emerges. While Rock/Alternative radio listeners in Dallas don't spend more per trip on average, they spend almost $250 more per buyer and make more trips than the average listener annually.
*BIA Kelsey.


text:
NEW YORK (Reuters) - U.S. power company Excelon Corp on Monday declared an alert at the 615-MW Oyster Creek nuclear power reactor in New Jersey due to rising ocean water from Hurricane Sandy, a spokesman at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission said.
An alert is the second lowest of the NRC's four emergency classifications.
The NRC spokesman said if the flood waters contined to rise, it could affect the reactor's service water pumps, which are used for shut-down cooling and to cool the spent-fuel pool.
Since the plant was already shut for refueling, the NRC spokesman said the company could use water from the fire hose to cool the spent-fuel pool if necessary.


text:
Saint John's Solar Farm
The solar array at Saint John's is the first highly visible step in achieving carbon neutrality. It demonstrates our commitment to the American College and Universities President's Climate Commitment and to the Benedictine value of stewardship. Saint John's hopes this large scale project will pave the way for clean energy in Minnesota.
The solar panels will be used by several departments on campus, especially environmental studies, for research. Several classes have toured the field as a part of their studies. The Saint John's Arboretum has developed an energy class for K-12 students and others.
Tours of the solar field are available for all types of groups, at varying levels of technical knowledge. If you are interested in a guided tour, there are associated fees depending on group size, length of tour and type of group. Complete the solar tour request form to begin the process of scheduling a tour for your group and we will correspond with you about the details.
Please note that you are welcome to visit the solar farm on your own at any time. The area is fenced off and while you are not able to walk right up to the panels for safety reasons, you are welcome to walk the perimeter. There is currently one panel with information about the solar farm posted on site and plans for an educational kiosk are in the works.
Minimal Impact
About 80% of the land will not be disturbed and native prairie grasses and flowers have been planted around the panels to restore the land and assist with water absorption. Their are no concrete footings at the base of the panels, decreasing material use.
With 1,820 modules on 3.9 acres, the solar array will produce 575,000 kWh annually. The solar farm will produce 4% of Saint John's energy needs on an annual basis, but will produce up to 20% of peak power needs in perfect conditions. In order to be more efficient, the panels will track the sun from east to west, gaining 15% more power. The farm was made possible by a 2 million dollar grant from Xcel energy's Renewable Development Fund and by Westwood Renewables. Completed in November 2009, the Saint John's solar array is 4 times larger than the previous largest array in Minnesota.


text:
| This article or section is a lore stub. You can help expand it by editing it.
- Editorial note: Keep it clean, and no speculation.
Sexuality is not often called upon in the Warcraft universe, but it does exist in official Warcraft lore and art.
Sexuality in the Warcraft universeEdit
- In Duskwood, a pregnancy — human, elven, or dwarven — has not been carried to term in two years.LoC 46
- Goblins breed like rabbits.[citation needed]
Interracial breedingEdit
- Interacial breeding is generally frowned upon by human and elven society. Half-elves usually suffer bigotry from both their elven and human parents. The elven parents often abandon their children.WRPG 48A&HC #? APG #?
- Goblins and dwarves do not hold strong opinions on human-elf mating.WRPG 48
- Male harpies may not exist, as no male harpies have been reported. Harpies will breed with captive males of many species, though they prefer elves, orcs, and humans to either smaller or larger species.MG 88
Romance and loveEdit
- It is not uncommon for a succubus in a mortal's servitude to fall uncontrollably in love with him or her; this occurrence is not always to the master's advantage, though, for a devoted succubus can be prone to fits of extreme jealousy, especially when her master deals with those of the opposite sex.MG 127
Marriage and marriage ceremoniesEdit
- Night elves do not traditionally marry, but they do take companions for life.APG 127
- Wildhammer dwarves only have a single holiday each year in which all the marriages are performed. It is one of the three community rituals held per year (the other two are for births and deaths respectively). Wildhammer dwarves commonly marry someone from their same birth year.APG 144
- Traditional jungle troll rites of passage include suitors battling to the death for the object of their affection (either gender would do this), fights with blunt weapons during a marriage ceremony to establish dominance in the marriage.A&HC 65 Many jungle trolls consider their wives as both trophies to be proud of and lowly slaves who have no rights. The more wives a warrior has, the more ties he shares within the tribe and the more allies he has. Though the warrior must have the means to care for all of his wives, it is a matter of prestige but also of political and social interest to own as many wives as possible. Only a willing father or brother agrees to give a female to a husband; unless, of course, a husband decides to hand out one of his own wives to another jungle troll to show his appreciation. Such a valuable gift shows a mark of respect and mutual friendship between the giver and the recipient. This ancient tradition allows jungle trolls to cut deals and alliances with other tribes. It is not rare to see the members of a weaker jungle troll tribe offer wives as tributes or peace offerings to the warriors of a bigger or more organized tribe. Among the members of the Darkspear tribe — who suffer the influence of the Horde some are beginning to question this outdated way of life.HPG 143
- For tuskarr, marriage occurs as soon as a man can support a wife, and for females as soon as they reach puberty. Tuskarr like to celebrate positive social behaviour such as marriage, to indicate the proper way an individual should act to reach the afterlife. Tuskarr have simple rituals relating to marriage, and it is one of their most prominent ceremonies. Girls dream of marrying a good whaler.MoM 104-105 DF 22, 88, 208
- Orcs share many of common marriage ceremonies as humans.HPG 140
Mating ritualsEdit
- Magnataur do not have a mating season. Magnataur breed when food is plentiful and chance brings a potential mate into close proximity. Once the act is complete the pair separates. Mating can pit males against each other. These fights are usually all display. The two shout and smash the ground until one loses his nerve and flees.MoM 60
- Murlocs extract a greenish mucus from the colored head fin of threshadons for use by chieftains as a powerful aphrodisiac.LoC 194
Gender and gender rolesEdit
Note: In the game... men and women are equal in Azeroth, so the only differences between the two genders are cosmetic.WoWMan 15 There is generally more dimorphism in the lore.
- Gender is usually split between males and females. However, for some creatures and races, some members of a particular gender are mentioned by lore, but rarely represented or seen.[1]
- Some races show extreme sexual dimorphism, though there are a few unique exceptions:
- Murlocs have minimal amount of sexual dimorphism (only the length and shape of the head-fin and back-fin indicates gender).LoM 135
- Makrura males and females appear identical to non-makrura observers unless a female is carrying a clutch of eggs on her torso. Male makrura mate only once and then molt into sexless drones (although they are still referred to as he for all practical purposes).MG 98
- Most female quilboar do not follow the males' path of the warrior. On occasion, a female child displays such unnatural strength that the shaman deems her a man. She then trains as a warrior and lives in all ways like a male, even taking female mates. Tribal legend holds that such unions have occasionally produced an exceptional quilboar warrior (though no scholar has confirmed the tale), so there is little or no stigma attached to such situations.MG 111
- Female trolls hold no place in regular troll society. Male trolls consider them mates, nothing more — though they honor and give respect to female trolls who distinguish themselves in battle. Tauren (and orcs, due to a recent decree from Thrall) value their females as more than mates, and allow them to rise to positions of power. Female Darkspears find this concept interesting, and some choose to live in the future because they sense it affords them greater opportunities than standard troll culture.HPG 87, 143 Until Thrall's involvement with the Darkspear trolls, only male trolls became witch doctors. Female trolls have since seen the equality other Horde women possess and crave their own emancipation. Despite their efforts, few female witch doctors exist, and those who attempt to take on the role of tribal witch doctor meet with much derision and resistance.HPG 93
- Prior to the conclusion of the Third War, night elf society was sharply divided by gender, with the vast majority of men being druids and most women serving as warriors, priestesses, or a combination thereof. There were a few deviations, obviously- males with no aptitude for druidism trained in the arts of war, and females with exceptional druidic gifts were trained, but these gender roles more or less defined the culture of the kaldorei for ten thousand years. In the years since Archimonde's death, this gender division appears to have eased somewhat, and more women have taken up the mantle of the druids, just as men have begun to choose the path of war or dedicate themselves to Elune.[citation needed]
- Sentinel Sweetspring "grins at Sentinel Amberline across the camp, waggling her long eyebrows suggestively." This is the only reference to homosexuality thus far.
- Prostitution, the sex trade, and slavery are common business practices among goblins. While slavery is usually illegal in other parts of the world, it is a legitimate trade among goblins, and is condoned by the trade princes. However, it is kept secret to avoid offending potential customers who might object to the controversial business. Slaves are used not just for manual labor but for other deplorable pursuits, and have no rights at all.DF 116
- The streets along Ratchet's wharf teem with whorehouses (aka brothels) for those with earthier tastes.WRPG 191
- Rape is generally frowned upon in Azeroth's societies but exists. Half-human half-ogres are rumored to be products of ogre aggressions on human villages.APG 7 Half-orc genesis is usually violent and perverse, they are usually born to abused or victimized parents.APG 8 Forlarren are the typically the result of couplings between unwilling night elves and demons.MoM 199 A succubus is into pleasure and pain. Like all demons, she enjoys bringing death and misery to the mortal races, but that doesn't mean she can't have fun with them first.MG 127
- Harpies capture males of other humanoid races and force them to mate. These unfortunates are often hobbled to keep from escaping. Given the circumstances, seduction is out of the question. Harpies resort to magic and potions to ensure cooperation, and employ their captives until they succumb to disease and malnutrition...MoM 55
- Concubine quote;
- "They fall asleep after. Me, I fall asleep during...."
- Night Mistress quote;
- "Five seconds! I'm not kidding!"
- A dwarven saying;
- "Be-ware, Be-ware of a gnome with long hair! Though tiny in height, if the ale is just right, she'll follow you back, and hop in the sack!"[2]
- A female troll saying;
- "When enraged, and in heat, a female troll can mate over 80 times in one night. Be you prepared?"[3]
This section contains images about the anatomy (nudity, sexual dimorphism, and suggestive imagery), sexuality in official artwork, and/or images that show off the physical form. They may include nudity or revealing clothing. It also includes examples of sexual dimorphism within a race.
Related NPCsEdit
- ↑ Female ogres section of Ogre article
- ↑ An Honest Trade
- ↑ Flirt#Troll female
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


text:
2019 Medical & Health Symposium
Fourth Annual Ohio Workers' Compensation Medical & Health Symposium
Friday and Saturday, April 26 - April 27, 2019
Greater Columbus Convention Center
400 N. High St., Columbus, OH 43215
Register here!
Important: The registration software requires the latest browser versions of Firefox, Chrome or Safari
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- Download the latest version of Firefox, Chrome and Safari.
Learn more about the Medical & Health Symposium.
We're pleased to invite Ohio's health-care providers and staff to a free, world-class educational opportunity. Our fourth annual symposium focuses on Comprehensive Care for an Injured Worker. Join us for the latest information covering best practices in the safe and effective medical care of injured workers.
This year's symposium offers two educational tracks for you and your staff.
- Provider clinical education for health-care professionals
- Approved for 12.0 credits for: CCM, CDMS, CLE, CME, CRC, Chiropractor, OT, PT, Psychology and RN
- Provider staff forum for office support staff (Friday only)
- Approved for 5.25 credits for: CCM, CDMS, CRC, and RN
Provider clinical education
Designed for health-care professionals, this track features leading state, national and international experts in their respective fields including:
- Addiction.
- Behavioral health.
- Chiropractic medicine.
- Concussions.
- Medical marijuana.
- Pharmacology.
- Physical medicine and rehabilitation.
By attending you will learn more about:
- BWC's medical initiatives for injured workers and providers.
- Chemical dependency hazards of health-care professionals.
- Clinician/patient collaboration and trust.
- Management of mild traumatic brain injury patients.
- Medical marijuana nationally and in Ohio.
- Opioid drug epidemic.
- Practical, effective, chiropractic best practices.
Provider staff forum
This track offers a full day (Friday, April 26) of education designed specifically for provider office staff related to key workers' compensation policies and procedures. We recommend office staff/administrators who manage the day-to-day operations of workers' compensation processes and workflows within a health-care system or provider's office attend this track.
By attending you will learn more about:
- BWC's medical initiatives for injured workers and providers.
- Proper billing and reimbursement processes.
- The terms causation, maximum medical improvement, substantial aggravation and more.
- Vocational rehabilitation and transitional work programs.
- Call BWC's provider contact center at 1-800-644-6292, option 0-3-0.
- Email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Limited exhibitor opportunities email Chris Angles.
- ${title}${badge}


text:
Promoting the effective and vigorous defense of military veterans in criminal court.
3201 Hennepin Avenue South Minneapolis, MN, 55408 United States
The mission of the Veterans Defense Project is:
1. To conduct and support education, research, and informational activities to increase public awareness of issues effecting military veterans in the criminal justice system;
2. To promote the effective legal representation of military veterans charged with criminal offenses; and
3. To promote the rehabilitation of criminally-involved veterans.
Click Here to Purchase The Attorney's Guide to Defending Veterans in Criminal Court.
501(c)(3) Status Granted on 10/02/2014


text:
Sunday, December 9, 2012
Meet me at Begg's
7 comments:
Hi Lisa, does the book mention Beggs Christchurch? Still trading, at least on Trade MeReplyDelete
It says in the book that "In 1970 the company decided to quit retail and the shops were offered for sale to staff, usually to the current manager. Many managers took the opportunity of going into business on their own account but as most were underfinanced, very few were successful." Gleeson refers to the purchase of the Dunedin business.ReplyDelete
There definitely is a Begg's Music Centre in Colombo Street. Their website says:"In 1986 Begg's Music was amalgamated with Christchurch Music Centre, now known as the "Beggs Music Centre". The majority of our sales team have been with the company between 15 and 20 years!"
So -- looks like it is one of the survivors, through amalgamating with another firm.
Thank-you very much Lisa for your enthusiastic review of 'Meet me at Begg's. I'm glad you enjoyed reading it.ReplyDelete
In answer to the Christchurch question, Begg's Music Centre is nothing to do with Charles Begg & Co Ltd as it was, and much of the information concerning its history as it appears on their website is erroneous. The Charles Begg & Co Ltd branch in Christchurch was sold to three staff members in 1970 but the business did not prosper under this ownership and was taken over by another business which then assumed the Begg name. This business is not, as was the case in Dunedin until recently, and in Nelson still, a Begg's branch which was sold and continued to operate under the Begg name.
Thanks, Clare -- that should well and truly answer Neil's question. It is a lovely book, well done!ReplyDelete
Interesting! And timely, since I have run across a couple of old Begg's ads in my random wanders 'thru Papers Past lately. I kept thinking I know that name, I know that name...took a little while but then I remembered something about Begg's, I am pretty sure, having an Auckland store, that was selling records as well as sheet music and possibly instruments as well - into the 1980s.I could be wrong.ReplyDelete
You're not wrong, Darian. I just provided a very summarised version of the firm's history. See if you can get hold of a copy of the book through your local library for details (there are a lot of 'em!)ReplyDelete
Hello Clare, my name is Jenny. We have just bought 4 Smith Street in Dunedin. The plans show that it was designed in 1907 for Charles Begg Jnr, who I presume was your great grandfather. I know that his wife was Katherine, his sister-in-law was Maud, their son was Alex, and that Charles Jnr died in 1916.ReplyDelete
I have ordered a copy of Meet me at Beggs from our local library, -and am likely to buy a copy for the house. Do you know anything about the house that you could share with me?
Thanks in anticipation,


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What Does it Mean to Abide in Christ?
from Sinclair Ferguson Jun 24, 2019 Category: ArticlesThe exhortation to "abide" has been frequently misunderstood, as though it were a special, mystical, and indefinable experience. But Jesus makes clear that it actually involves a number of concrete realities. First, union with our Lord depends on His grace. Of course we are actively and personally united to Christ... Keep Reading
Longing for Fellowship
from R.C. Sproul Jul 12, 2009 Category: ArticlesWe speak of God as the immortal, invisible, all-wise God. This string of attributes gives some comfort and no small amount of dismay. Keep Reading
A Trusted Guide to the Great Doctrines of Christian Faith
from Tim Challies Jul 11, 2009 Category: Ligonier ResourcesOur purpose is to help Christians know what they believe, why they believe it, how to live it, and how to share it. That is why we often recommend books and teaching resources that point you to the giants of the faith and their works -- like Augustine, Luther, Calvin, and Edwards. It almost goes without saying that not everything available in print or on the Internet is edifying. It can be difficult to know for sure which resources are theologically sound. So when we recommend a resource for your consideration, whether it's one of Dr. Sproul's teaching series or a book from another contemporary author, you can be confident that it was carefully selected. Our aim is to be a trusted guide to the great doctrines of the historic Christian faith. Keep Reading
Meet John Calvin, the Preacher
from Deborah Finnamore Jul 10, 2009 Category: Ligonier ResourcesThe Expository Genius of John Calvin, by Steven J. Lawson, considers Calvin's life and work, surveying the distinguishing marks of his pulpit ministry and the core presuppositions that undergirded his biblical preaching. Keep Reading
See the Heart of John Calvin
from Deborah Finnamore Jul 10, 2009 Category: ArticlesThough his name evokes powerful images—most of them being negative—John Calvin: A Heart for Devotion, Doctrine & Doxology, edited by Burk Parsons, offers a rich portrait of a man whose example and teaching remain vitally relevant today. In the preface, Parsons writes "above all Calvin was a man whose mind was humbled and whose heart was mastered by the Lord God Almighty. His life's prayer—'I offer my heart to you, O Lord, promptly and sincerely'—was an unwavering declaration of surrender to the Lord, whom he sought to love with all of his heart, soul, mind, and strength. Keep Reading
Calvinism Speaks to All of Life
from Deborah Finnamore Jul 10, 2009 Category: Ligonier ResourcesWhile many Christians throughout the world are familiar with the name John Calvin, most are unfamiliar with him as a man who was devoted to prayer and the ministry of God's Word. Among many things, he was a father, a teacher, a Bible commentator and the theologian most widely known as the leader of the Protestant Reformation. Living for God's Glory: An Introduction to Calvinism, John Calvin: A Heart for Devotion, Doctrine & Doxology, and The Expository Genius of John Calvin are three works that seek to shed light on why learning about John Calvin these many years after his death is a spiritually worthy exercise. Keep Reading
The Theologian
from R.C. Sproul Jul 08, 2009 Category: ArticlesThinkers in the ancient world sought to plumb the depths of ultimate reality. With that quest for ultimate reality came the birth of the discipline of philosophy. Some philosophers focused on one particular aspect of philosophy called metaphysics (ultimate being). Others focused their attention on epistemology (the science of knowing). Still others stressed in their investigation the basic principles and elements of ethics (the study of the good and the right). And others focused on the ultimate foundations for aesthetics (the study of the beautiful). One philosopher stood out as being deeply involved in the study of all of these matters as well as others. Keep Reading
Recreating the Tower of Babel
from R.C. Sproul Jul 05, 2009 Category: ArticlesThere are church buildings that are designed to give no hint of the building's true purpose as a house of worship. They're built to look more like town meeting halls. The chancel is no longer called the chancel, it's called the stage. The pulpit is not called a pulpit, it's called a lectern, and the congregation isn't called a congregation, but it's called an audience. Part of this is a desire to break through the old traditions that people have become inoculated against and no longer want any part of. In at least some cases, it is due to an abiding antipathy to beauty in worship, based on a desire to avoid an empty form of worship that is merely external. The church wants to exhibit that worship comes from the heart, not from external stimuli. Keep Reading
Read the Entire July Issue of Tabletalk on John Calvin Online
from Karisa Schlehr Jul 03, 2009 Category: Tabletalk MagazineRead feature articles on John Calvin by R.C. Sproul, Thabiti Anyabwile, Rick Gamble, David Hall, Keith Mathison, Iain Murray, David Powlison, Gordon Reed, Philip Ryken, and Derek Thomas. You can also enjoy the daily devotional studies that will continue this month on 1 Timothy. Keep Reading
Signature in the Cell
from Keith Mathison Jul 03, 2009 Category: ArticlesIn 1991, Phillip Johnson published Darwin on Trial. In 1996, Michael Behe published Darwin's Black Box. In 1998, William Dembski published The Design Inference. While numerous other books on the subject have been published, these three books are considered landmark works in the discussion over intelligent design. Now there is a fourth. Stephen C. Meyer's new book, Signature in the Cell, may be the most persuasive case for intelligent design yet published. The timing could not be better, since 2009 is the 200th anniversary of Darwin's birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of On the Origin of Species. Keep Reading
John Calvin Posters Now Available
from Karisa Schlehr Jul 02, 2009 Category: Ligonier ResourcesAvailable for a limited time, these posters of John Calvin illustrated by Kent Barton come pre-assembled in a poster tube. They are a beautiful addition to any office or workspace. Keep Reading


text:
Major Section: BOOKS
The notion of pathname objects from Common Lisp is not supported in
ACL2, nor is the function
pathname. However, ACL2 supports file
operations, using conventions for naming files based on those of the
Unix (trademark of AT&T) operating system, so that the character
is used to terminate directory names. Some file names are ``absolute''
(complete) descriptions of a file or directory; others are
``relative'' to the current working directory or to the connected
book directory (see cbd). We emphasize that even for users of
Windows-based systems or Macintosh computers, ACL2 file names are in
the Unix style. We will call these ACL2 pathnames, often
omitting the ``ACL2.''
Pathnames starting with the directory separator (
/) are absolute
pathnames. All other pathnames are relative pathnames. An
exception is in the Microsoft Windows operating system, where the
drive may be included, e.g.,
In fact, the drive must be included in the portcullis of a book;
see portcullis.
Consider the following examples. The filename string
"/home/smith/acl2/book-1.lisp"is an absolute pathname, with top-level directory
under that the directory
"smith" and then the directory
"acl2", and finally, within that directory the file
"book-1.lisp". If the connected book directory is
"/home/smith/" (see cbd), then the filename string above
also corresponds to the relative filename string "acl2/book1.lisp".


text:
Claustrophobia is the fear of having no escape and being in closed or small space or room[1] It is typically classified as an anxiety disorder, which often results in panic attack, can be the result of many situations or stimuli, including elevators crowded to capacity, windowless rooms, and even tight-necked clothing.[2] The onset of claustrophobia has been attributed to many factors, including a reduction in the size of the amygdala, classical conditioning, or a genetic predisposition to fear small spaces.
One study indicates that anywhere from 5–7% of the world population is affected by severe claustrophobia, but only a small percentage of these people receive some kind of treatment for the disorder.[3]
The term claustrophobia comes from Latin claustrum "a shut in place" and Greek φόβος, phóbos, "fear".
- 1 Symptoms
- 2 Diagnosis
- 3 Prevalence
- 4 Causes
- 5 Treatment
- 6 Studies
- 7 See also
- 8 References
- 9 Bibliography
Claustrophobia is typically thought to have two key symptoms: fear of restriction and fear of suffocation. A typical claustrophobic will fear restriction in at least one, if not several, of the following areas: small rooms, locked rooms, cars, airplanes, trains, tunnels, cellars, elevators and caves. Additionally, the fear of restriction can cause some claustrophobia to fear trivial matters such as sitting in a haircutter's chair or waiting in line at a grocery store simply out of a fear of confinement to a single space. Another possible site for claustrophobic attacks is a dentist's chair, particularly during dental surgery; in that scenario, the fear is not of pain, but of being confined.
Often, when confined to an area, claustrophobics begin to fear suffocation, believing that there may be a lack of air in the area to which they are confined.
Claustrophobia is the fear of having no escape, and being closed in to a small space. It is typically classified as an anxiety disorder and often results in a rather severe panic attack. It is also confused sometimes with Cleithrophobia (the fear of being trapped).[4]
This method was developed in 1979 by interpreting the files of patients diagnosed with claustrophobia and by reading various scientific articles about the diagnosis of the disorder. Once an initial scale was developed, it was tested and sharpened by several experts in the field. Today, it consists of 20 questions that determine anxiety levels and desire to avoid certain situations. Several studies have proved this scale to be effective in claustrophobia diagnosis.[2]
This method was developed by Rachman and Taylor, two experts in the field, in 1993. This method is effective in distinguishing symptoms stemming from fear of suffocation and fear of restriction. In 2001, it was modified from 36 to 24 items by another group of field experts. This study has also been proven very effective by various studies.[2]
One study conducted by University of Wisconsin-Madison's neurology department revealed that anywhere from 2-5% of the world population is affected by severe claustrophobia, but only a small percentage of these people receive some kind of treatment for the disorder.[citation needed]
The fears of enclosed spaces is an irrational fear. Most claustrophobic people who find themselves in a room without windows consciously know that they aren't in danger, yet these same people will be afraid, possibly terrified to the point of incapacitation, and many do not know why. The exact cause of claustrophobia is unknown, but there are many theories.[5]
The amygdala is one of the smallest structures in the brain, but also one of the most powerful. The amygdala is needed for the conditioning of fear, or the creation of a fight-or-flight response. A fight-or-flight response is created when a stimulus is associated with a grievous situation. Cheng believes that a phobia's roots are in this fight-or-flight response.
In generating a fight-or-flight response, the amygdala acts in the following way: The amygdala's anterior nuclei associated with fear each other. Nuclei send out impulses to other nuclei, which influence respiratory rate, physical arousal, the release of adrenaline, blood pressure, heart rate, behavioral fear response, and defensive responses, which may include freezing up. These reactions constitute an 'autonomic failure' in a panic attack.
A study done by Fumi Hayano found that the right amygdala was smaller in patients who suffered from panic disorders. The reduction of size occurred in a structure known as the corticomedial nuclear group which the CE nucleus belongs to. This causes interference, which in turn causes abnormal reactions to aversive stimuli in those with panic disorders. In claustrophobic people, this translates as panicking or overreacting to a situation in which the person finds themselves physically confined.
Classical conditioning
Claustrophobia results as the mind comes to connect confinement with danger. It often comes as a consequence of a traumatic childhood experience,[6] although the onset can come at any point in an individual's life. Such an experience can occur multiple times, or only once, to make a permanent impression on the mind.[5] The majority of claustrophobic participants in an experiment done by Lars-Göran Öst reported that their phobia had been "acquired as a result of a conditioning experience.[7]" In most cases, claustrophobia seems to be the result of past experiences.
Conditioning experiences
A few examples of common experiences that could result in the onset of claustrophobia in children (or adults) are as follows:
- A child (or, less commonly, an adult) is shut into a pitch-black room and cannot find the door or the light-switch.
- A child gets shut into a box.
- A child is locked in a closet.
- A child falls into a deep pool and cannot swim.
- A child gets separated from their parents in a large crowd and gets lost.
- A child sticks their head between the bars of a fence and then cannot get back out.
- A child crawls into a hole and gets stuck, or cannot find their way back.
- A child is left in their parent's car, truck, or van.
The term 'past experiences', according to one author, can extend to the moment of birth. In John A. Speyrer's "Claustrophobia and the Fear of Death and Dying", the reader is brought to the conclusion that claustrophobia's high frequency is due to birth trauma, about which he says is "one of the most horrendous experiences we can have during our lifetime," and it is in this helpless moment that the infant develops claustrophobia.[8]
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can trigger claustrophobia. An MRI scan entails lying still for some time in a narrow tube. In a study involving claustrophobia and MRI, it was reported that 13% of patients experienced a panic attack during the procedure. The procedure has been linked not only to the triggering of 'preexisting' claustrophobia, but also to the onset of the condition in some people.[9] Panic attacks experienced during the procedure can stop the person from adjusting to the situation, thereby perpetuating the fear.[10]
S.J. Rachman tells of an extreme example, citing the experience of 21 miners. These miners were trapped underground for 14 days, during which six of the miners died of suffocation. After their rescue, ten of the miners were studied for ten years. All but one were greatly affected by the experience, and six developed phobias to "confining or limiting situations." The only miner who did not develop any noticeable symptoms was the one who acted as leader.[11]
Another factor that could cause the onset of claustrophobia is "information received.[7]" As Aureau Walding states in "Causes of Claustrophobia", many people, especially children, learn who and what to fear by watching parents or peers. This method does not only apply to observing a teacher, but also observing victims. Vicarious classical conditioning also includes when a person sees another person exposed directly to an especially unpleasant situation.[12] This would be analogous to observing someone getting stuck in a tight space, suffocated, or any of the other examples that were listed above.
Prepared phobia
There is research that suggests that claustrophobia isn't entirely a classically conditioned or learned phobia. It is not necessarily an inborn fear, but it is very likely what is called a prepared phobia. As Erin Gersley says in "Phobias: Causes and Treatments," humans are genetically predisposed to become afraid of things that are dangerous to them. Claustrophobia may fall under this category because of its "wide distribution… early onset and seeming easy acquisition, and its non-cognitive features.[13]" The acquisition of claustrophobia may be part of a vestigial evolutionary survival mechanism,[6] a dormant fear of entrapment and/or suffocation that was once important for the survival of humanity and could be easily awakened at any time.[14] Hostile environments in the past would have made this kind of pre-programmed fear necessary, and so the human mind developed the capacity for "efficient fear conditioning to certain classes of dangerous stimuli".[12]
Rachman provides an argument for this theory in his article: "Phobias". He agrees with the statement that phobias generally concern objects that constitute a direct threat to human survival, and that many of these phobias are quickly acquired because of an "inherited biological preparedness".[15] This brings about a prepared phobia, which is not quite innate, but is widely and easily learned. As Rachman explains in the article: "The main features of prepared phobias are that they are very easily acquired, selective, stable, biologically significant, and probably [non-cognitive]." 'Selective' and 'biologically significant' mean that they only relate to things that directly threaten the health, safety, or survival of an individual. 'Non-cognitive' suggests that these fears are acquired unconsciously. Both factors point to the theory that claustrophobia is a prepared phobia that is already pre-programmed into the mind of a human being.
Cognitive therapy
Cognitive therapy is a widely accepted form of treatment for most anxiety disorders.[16] It is also thought to be particularly effective in combating disorders where the patient doesn't actually fear a situation but, rather, fears what could result from being in such a situation.[16] The ultimate goal of cognitive therapy is to modify distorted thoughts or misconceptions associated with whatever is being feared; the theory is that modifying these thoughts will decrease anxiety and avoidance of certain situations.[16] For example, cognitive therapy would attempt to convince a claustrophobic patient that elevators are not dangerous but are, in fact, very useful in getting you where you would like to go faster. A study conducted by S.J. Rachman shows that cognitive therapy decreased fear and negative thoughts/connotations by an average of around 30% in claustrophobic patients tested, proving it to be a reasonably effective method.[3]
In vivo exposure
This method forces patients to face their fears by complete exposure to whatever fear they are experiencing.[16] This is usually done in a progressive manner starting with lesser exposures and moving upward towards severe exposures.[16] For example, a claustrophobic patient would start by going into an elevator and work up to an MRI. Several studies have proven this to be an effective method in combating various phobias, claustrophobia included.[16] S.J. Rachman has also tested the effectiveness of this method in treating claustrophobia and found it to decrease fear and negative thoughts/connotations by an average of nearly 75% in his patients.[3] Of the methods he tested in this particular study, this was by far the most significant reduction.[3]
Interoceptive exposure
This method attempts to recreate internal physical sensations within a patient in a controlled environment and is a less intense version of in vivo exposure.[16] This was the final method of treatment tested by S.J. Rachman in his 1992 study.[3] It lowered fear and negative thoughts/connotations by about 25%.[3] These numbers did not quite match those of in vivo exposure or cognitive therapy, but still resulted in significant reductions.[3]
Other forms of treatment that have also been shown to be reasonably effective are psychoeducation, counter-conditioning, regressive hypnotherapy and breathing re-training. Medications often prescribed to help treat claustrophobia include anti-depressants and beta-blockers, which help to relieve the heart-pounding symptoms often associated with anxiety attacks.
MRI procedure
Because they can produce a fear of both suffocation and restriction, MRI scans often prove difficult for claustrophobic patients.[17] In fact, estimates say that anywhere from 4–20% of patients refuse to go through with the scan for precisely this reason.[18] One study estimates that this percentage could be as high as 37% of all MRI recipients.[17] The average MRI takes around 50 minutes; this is more than enough time to evoke extreme fear and anxiety in a severely claustrophobic patient.
This study was conducted with three goals: 1. To discover the extent of anxiety during an MRI. 2. To find predictors for anxiety during an MRI. 3. To observe psychological factors of undergoing an MRI. Eighty patients were randomly chosen for this study and subjected to several diagnostic tests to rate their level of claustrophobic fear; none of these patients had previously been diagnosed with claustrophobia. They were also subjected to several of the same tests after their MRI to see if their anxiety levels had elevated. This experiment concludes that the primary component of anxiety experienced by patients was most closely connected to claustrophobia.
This assertion stems from the high Claustrophobic Questionnaire results of those who reported anxiety during the scan. Almost 25% of the patients reported at least moderate feelings of anxiety during the scan and 3 were unable to complete the scan at all. When asked a month after their scan, 30% of patients (these numbers are taken of the 48 that responded a month later) reported that their claustrophobic feelings had elevated since the scan. The majority of these patients claimed to have never had claustrophobic sensations up to that point. This study concludes that the Claustrophobic Questionnaire (or an equivalent method of diagnosis) should be used before allowing someone to have an MRI.[17]
Use of virtual reality distraction to reduce claustrophobia
The present case series with two patients explored whether virtual reality (VR) distraction could reduce claustrophobia symptoms during a mock magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan. Two patients who met DSM-IV criteria for specific phobia, situational type (i.e., claustrophobia) reported high levels of anxiety during a mock 10-min MRI procedure with no VR, and asked to terminate the scan early. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either VR or music distraction for their second scan attempt. When immersed in an illusory three-dimensional (3D) virtual world named SnowWorld, patient 1 was able to complete a 10-min mock scan with low anxiety and reported an increase in self-efficacy afterwards. Patient 2 received "music only" distraction during her second scan but was still not able to complete a 10-min scan and asked to terminate her second scan early. These results suggest that immersive VR may prove effective at temporarily reducing claustrophobia symptoms during MRI scans and music may prove less effective.[19]
Separating the fear of restriction and fear of suffocation
Many experts who have studied claustrophobia claim that it consists of two separable components: fear of suffocation and fear of restriction. In an effort to fully prove this assertion, a study was conducted by three experts in order to clearly prove a difference. The study was conducted by issuing a questionnaire to 78 patients who received MRIs.
The data was compiled into a "fear scale" of sorts with separate subscales for suffocation and confinement. Theoretically, these subscales would be different if the contributing factors are indeed separate. The study was successful in proving that the symptoms are separate. Therefore, according to this study, in order to effectively combat claustrophobia, it is necessary to attack both of these underlying causes.
However, because this study only applied to people who were able to finish their MRI, those who were unable to complete the MRI were not included in the study. It is likely that many of these people dropped out because of a severe case of claustrophobia. Therefore, the absence of those who suffer the most from claustrophobia could have skewed these statistics.[18]
A group of students attending the University of Texas at Austin were first given an initial diagnostic and then given a score between 1 and 5 based on their potential to have claustrophobia. Those who scored a 3 or higher were used in the study. The students were then asked how well they felt they could cope if forced to stay in a small chamber for an extended period of time. Concerns expressed in the questions asked were separated into suffocation concerns and entrapment concerns in order to distinguish between the two perceived causes of claustrophobia. The results of this study showed that the majority of students feared entrapment far more than suffocation. Because of this difference in type of fear, it can yet again be asserted that there is a clear difference in these two symptoms.[20]
Probability ratings in claustrophobic patients and non-claustrophobics
This study was conducted on 98 people, 49 diagnosed claustrophobics and 49 "community controls" to find out if claustrophobics' minds are distorted by "anxiety-arousing" events (i.e. claustrophobic events) to the point that they believe those events are more likely to happen. Each person was given three events—a claustrophobic event, a generally negative event, and a generally positive event—and asked to rate how likely it was that this event would happen to them. As expected, the diagnosed claustrophobics gave the claustrophobic events a significantly higher likelihood of occurring than did the control group. There was no noticeable difference in either the positive or negative events. However, this study is also potentially flawed because the claustrophobic people had already been diagnosed.[citation needed] Diagnosis of the disorder could likely bias one's belief that claustrophobic events are more likely to occur to them.[21]
See also
- ↑ "Claustrophobia". Merriam Webster. Retrieved 2013-05-19.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Öst, "The Claustrophobia Scale"
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Phobias: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Treatment. Chichester ;New York: Wiley, 1997.
- ↑ Cleithrophobia about.com
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Walding
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Fritscher
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Rachman, "Claustrophobia", 168
- ↑ Speyrer
- ↑ Thorpe 1081
- ↑ Thorpe 1082
- ↑ Rachman, "Claustrophobia", 169
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Carlson 511
- ↑ Rachman, "Claustrophobia," 170
- ↑ Gersley
- ↑ Rachman, "Phobias"
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 Choy, Yujuan, Abby J. Fyer, and Josh D. Lipsitz. "Treatment of Specific Phobia in Adults." Clinical Psychology Review 27.3 (2007): 266–86.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 McIsaac, Heather K., et al. "Claustrophobia and the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Procedure." Journal of Behavioral Medicine 21.3 (1998): 255–68.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Harris, Lynne M., and John Robinson. "Evidence for Fear of Restriction and Fear of Suffocation as Components of Claustrophobia." Behaviour Research & Therapy 37.2 (1999): 155.
- ↑ Azucena Garcia-Palacios, Hunter G. Hoffman, Todd R. Richards, Eric J. Seibel, Sam R. Sharar. CyberPsychology & Behavior. June 2007, 10(3): 485-488. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9926.
- ↑ Valentiner, David P., and Michael J. Telch. "Cognitive Mechanisms in Claustrophobia: An Examination of Reiss and McNally's Expectancy Model and Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory." Cognitive Therapy & Research 20.6 (1996): 593–612.
- ↑ Ost, Lars-Goran, and Peter Csatlos. "Probability Ratings in Claustrophobic Patients and Normal Controls." Behaviour Research & Therapy 38.11 (2000): 1107.
- Carlson, Neil R., et al. Psychology: the Science of Behavior, 7th ed. Allyn & Bacon, Pearson. 2010.
- Cheng, Dominic T., et al. "Human Amygdala Activity During the Expression of Fear Responses". Behavioral Neuroscience. Vol. 120. American Psychological Association. 14 Sept. 2006.
- Fritscher, Lisa. "Claustrophobia: Fear of Enclosed Spaces". About.com. New York Times Company. 21 Sept. 2009. Web. 9 Sept. 2010.
- Gersley, Erin. "Phobias: Causes and Treatments". AllPsych Journal. AllPsych Online. 17 Nov. 2001. Web. 18 Sept. 2010.
- Hayano, Fumi PhD., et al. "Smaller Amygdala Is Associated With Anxiety in Patients With Panic Disorder". Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. Vol. 63, Issue 3. Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology 14 May 2009.
- Öst, Lars-Göran. "The Claustrophobia Scale: A Psychometric Evaluation". Behaviour Research and Therapy 45.5 (2007): 1053–64.
- Rachman, S.J. "Claustrophobia", in Phobias: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Treatment. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex, England. 1997.
- Rachman, S.J. "Phobias". Education.com. The Gale Group. 2009. Web. 19 Sept. 2010.[dead link]
- Speyrer, John A. "Claustrophobia and the Fear of Death and Dying". The Primal Psychotherapy Page. N.p. 3 Oct. 1995. Web. 9 Sept. 2010.
- Thorpe, Susan, Salkovis, Paul M., & Dittner, Antonia. "Claustrophobia in MRI: the Role of Cognitions". Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Vol. 26, Issue 8. 3 June 2008.
- Walding, Aureau. "Causes of Claustrophobia". Livestrong.com. Livestrong Foundation. 11 June 2010. Web. 18 Sept. 2010.[dead link]
- "What Causes Claustrophobia?" Neuroscience Blog. NorthShore University HealthSystem. 11 June 2009. Web. 9 Sept. 2010.


text:
Early in his teaching career, Dr. Drew Appleby taught at
Marian College, a small school without a Psi Chi chapter until one of his
students decided to bring Psi Chi to the Marian campus. Displaying an admirable
level of determination, the student wrote a successful application for a Psi
Chi chapter and then served as its first president.
Years later, Dr. Appleby had lunch with his former Psi Chi
president, who was working as a successful commercial property manager. By this
time, Dr. Appleby had begun to do
serious research into what skills psychology majors gain in pursuit of their
degrees compared to the skills employers are seeking when making hiring
decisions. He asked the student how his undergraduate education had helped him
become a successful professional.
"The first thing he mentioned was the Psi Chi application,
which he said provided him with an opportunity to use his writing skills to
accomplish something other than completing a term paper or answering an essay
question." In writing the application for the charter, the student said he had
to apply the skills he had learned as an undergraduate to achieve a particular
outcome. He continued to use those skills in his capacity as a property manager
when he wrote important documents, such as leases, insurance claims, dispute
resolutions, by-laws, and covenants.
From the beginning, Dr. Appleby was motivated to help
students struggling with the job market. He approached the problem from a
research perspective because he said, "I had to educate myself about these
skills before I could successfully educate my students about them." The
conversation with his former student confirmed the findings of his careful
research: Psi Chi officers do develop important, useful skills that can be
successfully applied in the workplace.
For his first research project on the topic of psychology
majors and the job market, Dr. Appleby asked the director of Marian's Career Center
for the names and addresses of employers who sent recruiters to Marian who
indicated they were willing to interview psychology majors. Dr. Appleby then contacted
those employers and asked them what it was they looked for in new hires.
As he reviewed their answers, it occurred to him that the employers
were not "looking for knowledge, but for skills." He uses a quote from Alfred
North Whitehead to illustrate the point: "Knowledge does not keep any better
than fish." The specific information students learn is not as important as the
process they use to learn it. Dr. Appleby says, "It is crucial to help our
students understand that the knowledge we teach them is less important than the
skills we are requiring them to develop in order to acquire that knowledge." These
life-long learning skills are the essential core of a college education.
Dr. Appleby describes himself as an "educational idealist" because
he believes that an undergraduate education in psychology can and should be a genuinely
transformative experience, not just a race to obtain a diploma as quickly and
easily as possible. He also urges his students to participate as active
partners in this transformative process by working as hard as they can to
answer the following five crucial career-planning questions:
1. For what occupations can I prepare if I major in
2. What specific skills must I possess to enter and succeed
in these occupations?
3. How can I use both the curricular and extracurricular
opportunities my undergraduate education provides to develop these skills?
4. Who can serve as a mentor to guide me in the selection of
and engagement in these opportunities?
5. Once I have developed these skills, what strategies can I
use to convince employers that I possess them so they will hire me?
Dr. Appleby believes that the answer to the last question is
especially important. Many students join Psi Chi because they think it will
look good on their resumes. While this may be true, employers will be far more
impressed if the resume shows exactly what they did as an officer, committee
member, or participant in activities or projects. Dr. Appleby states
succinctly, "Employers want people who
know how to learn, and that is where being an officer goes from
being a line on a resume to being much more."
Dr. Norine Jalbert's 1996 Psi Chi President's Message
(Jalbert, 1996), "Psi Chi Should Be More Than One Line on Your Resume,"
provided a compelling argument for the validity of her title. Seventeen years
later, the results of the research described in this article provide evidence
that her argument is was not only logically sound, but is also supported by
empirical data. The take-home message for Psi Chi members is clear: although being
elected to Psi Chi is an honor, it is not an end in itself. Wise Psi Chi
inductees should understand that their membership is just the beginning of an
amazing opportunity to serve their chapter as an officer and to develop an
impressive portfolio of job-related skills in this role. The following example
of an entry on a resume clearly demonstrates the types of skills valued by employers.
President of Terra College's Psi Chi Chapter (August 2011-August, 2012)
Scheduled, organized, and ran chapter meetings
Created annual goals for the chapter and each of its officers
Delegated duties and followed up to ensure that duties were performed
Planned and executed three major events under significant financial and time constraints
Created Terra College's first Honors Day by collaborating with the presidents of the other Terra College student honor societies and the Dean of the Terra College Honors Program
Psi Chi Officers Can Develop
Full Portfolio
of Career-Related Skills
A Psi Chi Thelma Hunt Research Grant enabled us to
investigate the characteristics of Psi Chi alumni and the impact of their Psi
Chi membership. We surveyed 4,000 Psi Chi alumni to gather their demographic
characteristics, undergraduate research experiences, and career or graduate
school status, and we published the results of our project in Eye on Psi Chi (Ferrari & Appleby,
2005). The final question on our survey asked, "If you were a Psi Chi
officer, what specific skills did you acquire as a result of your duties that
helped you in your continued education or employment since your graduation?"
We asked this question because we were interested in the skills Psi Chi
officers report they develop during their service to their chapters.
Our quantitative analysis showed us that Psi Chi officers report
they develop many valuable skills while they carry out their duties. But what are these skills and how are they related to the skills college
graduates need to be successful when they complete their undergraduate educations?
To answer these questions, we switched to a qualitative research approach by
performing a content analysis on the 317 reported skills in which we used the categories
of skills included in the United States Department of Labor's 1991 SCANS Report as our organizational
structure. (This very comprehensive report identified the skills that the
members of the American workforce of the 21st Century should develop during
their education so they can succeed on-the-job.) The left column of the
following table contains 10 of the SCANS skill categories and the right column
contains the specific skills reported by our sample of Psi Chi officers that
fit into each of these categories. The take-home message from this table is clear.
Former Psi Chi officers report that they developed a wide range of skills while
they were carrying out their duties and that these were the same skills they
used on-the-job when they entered the workforce.
SCANS Skill Category (number of times mentioned by Psi Chi alumni)
and Specific Skills Listed by Former Psi Chi Officers
1. Leadership skills (61)
2. Communication skills (55)
4. Interpersonal/People/Social skills (32)
Ferrari, J. R.,
& Appleby, D. C. (2005, Winter). Alumni of Psi Chi: Does "membership have its advantages" on future
employment/education. Eye on Psi Chi, 9(2),
Jalbert, N. L.
(1996, Fall). Psi Chi should be more than one line on your resume. Eye on Psi Chi, 1(1), 64.
United States
Department of Labor: The Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills.
(1991). What work requires of schools: A
SCANS report for America 2000. Retrieved from http://wdr.doleta.gov/SCANS/whatwork/whatwork.pdf
Dr. Drew C. Appleby
received his BA from Simpson College in 1969 and his PhD from Iowa State
University in 1972. During his 40-year career, he served as the chair of the
Marian College Psychology Department, the Director of Undergraduate Studies in
the IUPUI Psychology Department, and the Associate Dean of the IUPUI Honors
College. He authored over 100 publications and made over 600 presentations
(including 20 invited keynote addresses) to a variety of professional and
nonprofessional audiences. He was honored for his outstanding contributions to
the science and profession of psychology by being named as a Fellow of the
American Psychological Association's Division One (General Psychology) and
Division Two (The Society for the Teaching of Psychology), the Midwestern
Psychological Association, and as the 32nd distinguished member of
Psi Chi. He also received 39 national, regional, and institutional awards and
recognitions for teaching, advising, mentoring, and service. His work with
IUPUI's varsity athletes led him to be named "My Favorite Professor" by 61
student-athletes. He was designated as a mentor by 659 IUPUI psychology majors,
201 of whom indicated he was their most influential mentor by selecting the
following sentence to describe his
impact: "This professor influenced the whole course of my life and his effect
on me has been invaluable." Dr. Appleby retired from IUPUI in 2011 with the
rank of Professor Emeritus.
Joseph R. Ferrari,
PhD, is a professor of psychology and "Vincent DePaul Distinguished
Professor" at DePaul University, Chicago, IL.
Born and raised in Brooklyn, NY, Dr. Ferrari received his BA
in psychology from ST. Francis College (NY), in 1978; his MS in experimental
psychology from SUNY, College at Cortland, in 1981; his MA in general
psychology and PhD in experimental psychology from Adelphi University (NY), in
1985 and 1989, respective. After teaching at several private and public two-
and four-year colleges and universities in New York State, he joined the
faculty of DePaul University (IL) in 1994.
Dr. Ferrari is a fellow of the American Psychological
Association, Association for Psychological Science, Society for Community
Research & Action, and elected into membership to the Society for
Experimental Social Psychology. Since 1995, he is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Prevention & Intervention in
the Community (Haworth Press: Binghamton, NY). He has over 265 scholarly
publications, 14 books and book chapters, and over 500 conference
Dr. Ferrari was faculty advisor for DePaul's chapter of Psi
Chi from 1998 to 2004, and from 2005 to 2008. He received the Distinguished
Service Award in 1996 and in 2004. He received two Thelma Hunt Research Awards
through Psi Chi.
He lives in Lisle, IL, west of Chicago, with his wife
Sharon. They have three children—Catherine, Christina, and Jonathan.
Copyright 2013 (Volume 18, Issue 1) by Psi Chi, the
International Honor Society in Psychology
Eye on Psi Chi is a magazine designed to keep members
and alumni up-to-date with all the latest information about Psi Chi's programs,
awards, and chapter activities. It features informative articles about careers,
graduate school admission, chapter ideas, personal development, the various
fields of psychology, and important issues related to our discipline.
Eye on Psi Chi is published quarterly:
Spring (February)
Summer (April)
Winter (November)
Remember Me
3/18/2019Introducing the 2017-18 Annual Report
2/18/2019Post Your Study
6/27/2019APAGS/Psi Chi Junior Scientist Fellowships
6/27/2019Webinar: NICE-CROWD Call for Proposals
6/30/2019Fall Eye on Psi Chi Alumni in the News Deadline
6/30/2019Fall Eye on Psi Chi Chapter Activities Deadline
Psi Chi Central Office
651 East 4th Street, Suite 600
Chattanooga, TN 37403
Phone: 423.756.2044 | Fax: 423.265.1529
Certified member of the
Association of College Honor Societies
Recognizing and promoting excellence in the science and application of psychology


text:
After a long time wondering whether to start yet another scale/gauge combination I have finally taken the plunge and started some Gn15 modelling. That is was well as the 7mm NG, 16mm NG and German O scale. I reckon if I start posting some progress photos it will force me to actually finish something. I recently 'discovered' my 7mm scale War Department Baldwin kit, around 23 years old and still unfinished!
I have got a couple of Bagnall 'Sipat' 3D prints and need a home for them so I have started work on a loco shed (just a few bits of foam core, balsa and Das plus a few hours carving).
The first wall took about 8 hours to carve - only another 7 wall surfaces to go.


text:
Today we had a very pleasant lunch with our niece, Sharon. She has only been living in
Over lunch she talked to us about her job working with seniors in the area. I was quite shocked at the pay she is receiving. For working forty hours or more a week she receives half of what I make at my part time job and she doesn't get the vacation time I get. Her rent is reasonable but that still leaves her very little to live on.
She is considering delaying grad school to serve another year with AmeriCorps or perhaps the Peace Corps. As a college graduate she could be in a much higher paying job and be well on her way to establishing herself in a career. I'm quite proud of her for delaying her career pursuits to give this time of service.
After we left her, we headed out to Branson and on the way we passed Ft Leonard Wood. A month ago a former student of mine made the decision to serve our country by joining the Army. He is currently training at Ft Leonard Wood. Not only is Bob a former student, his mother is a friend of mine so I know how hard his decision was and how it has affected his family. They are proud of him but at the same time quite concerned.
We hear a lot about how selfish, self centered and irresponsible many of the young 20 somethings are these days. So Thumbs Up! To two special young people that are giving of themselves to serve their country in two very different ways.