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CARSON CITY – Republican candidates have big leads in fundraising in four of five seats considered critical to control of the state Senate in the 2013 legislative session, with a slight monetary advantage in the fifth, according to campaign contribution reports filed this week.
Both Democrat and Republican caucus leaders are fighting hard to win the seats to control the 21-member house where Democrats now lead 11-10.
The first reports of 2012 show contributions through May 18 and were filed Tuesday with the state Secretary of State's office. Several candidates also raised money in 2011 and these amounts have given the GOP candidates the funding edge early on in the 2012 election season.
Republican caucus leader Sen. Michael Roberson, R-Las Vegas, is optimistic that the GOP can retake control of the Senate in the November general election. Republicans need to win four of the five seats to do so.
Democratic Senate leader Mo Denis, D-Las Vegas, is equally confident Democrats will maintain control.
Roberson said he is pleased with where the Senate candidates are right now, but added that it is a long time until November. Roberson also said he is pleased but not surprised at the level of contributions to the candidates and the caucus.
"I know the caliber of the candidates we have," he said. "The group of candidates that agreed to run this time on the Republican side, our endorsed candidates, are some of the best candidates either party has seen in 20 years."
But Senate Democrats point out that two of their candidates, Justin Jones and Sheila Leslie, both had larger numbers of individuals contributing to their campaigns than their GOP counterparts in the 2012 reports, suggesting they have a broader base of support. A third candidate, Joyce Woodhouse, also out-raised her opponent in the 2012 report.
The Senate Democratic Caucus also out-raised its Republican counterpart so far in 2012, $187,000 to $149,000.
"The recent finance reports show that the Senate Democratic Caucus is a very strong position to expand and protect the majority," said Mike Luce, executive director of the Nevada Senate Democrats. "We have very strong candidates and the registration in these new districts favors Democrats.
"We have been saying all along that the Democratic candidates are running strong campaigns and talking about bringing jobs to this state," he said. "Our message is working, our campaigns are knocking doors and raising the necessary funds to run competitive races."
In Senate District 5, where former Henderson city councilman Steve Kirk, a Republican, is expected to face Woodhouse, a former state senator, in the November general election, the GOP has the edge in contributions so far. But Kirk has also spent much of his war chest already.
Kirk reports $131,000 in total contributions and expenses of $67,000. Kirk has a primary battle. Kirk received a $5,000 contribution from the Retail Association of Nevada in the first reporting period this year.
Woodhouse reports raising about $96,000 and spending $18,000. She has large contributions from the Nevada State Education Association, $5,000; outgoing state Sen. Mike Schneider, D-Las Vegas, $5,000; and Nevada Senate Democrats, $5,000; in the first reporting period for this year.
The other Republican in the Senate 5 race, Annette Teijeiro, reports about $28,000 in contributions and $15,000 in expenses. The primary is June 12.
In Senate District 6, where GOP attorney Mark Hutchison is expected to face businessman and Democrat Benny Yerushalmi, Republicans also have a fundraising advantage.
Hutchison reports $185,000 in contributions and nearly $48,000 expenses. Contributions include $5,000 from the Keystone Corp., $5,000 from the Retail Association of Nevada and $10,000 from the Senate Republican Leadership Conference.
Yerushalmi reports $74,000 in contributions and $10,000 in expenses. He has a primary against Thomas Welsh. Yerushalmi, who ran unsuccessfully for a state Senate seat in 2010, has $4,000 contributions from both the Nevada State Education Association and the Clark County Education Association.
In Senate District 9, where Republican Mari Nakashima St. Martin is expected to face Democrat Justin Jones, the candidates are fairly evenly matched. Both face primary opponents. Brent Jones is also a GOP candidate, and Frederick Conquest has filed as a Democrat.
St. Martin reports nearly $114,000 in contributions and $60,000 in expenses. Contributions include $10,000 from the Senate Majority Political Action Committee, $10,000 from the Jobs First PAC, and $10,000 from the Senate Republican Leadership Conference.
Justin Jones reports nearly $112,000 in contributions and $23,000 in expenses. Contributions include $2,500 from U.S. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid's Searchlight Leadership Fund.
GOP candidate Brent Jones has raised nearly $33,000 in contributions.
In the Senate 15 race where incumbent Greg Brower, R-Reno, will face Leslie, who resigned her Senate 13 seat to challenge the attorney who was appointed to fill out the term of the late Sen. Bill Raggio, the Republican is leading in the fund-raising race.
Brower reports $299,000 in contributions and $76,000 in expenditures, with a $7,279 donation from the Las Vegas Sands Corp.
Leslie reports $141,000 in total contributions and $58,000 in expenses. Her contributions include $2,000 from R&R Partners, $5,000 from the Laborers' Intl Local 169, and $8,700 from the Barbara Buckley Campaign. Buckley is a former Assembly speaker.
In Senate District 18, where Assemblyman Scott Hammond, R-Las Vegas, is likely to face Democrat Kelli Ross in November, Hammond reports $127,000 in contributions and $70,000 in expenses. Contributions include $2,500 from Station Casinos and $5,000 from MGM Resorts International.
Hammond raised $59,000 in the first 2012 reporting period from Jan. 1 through May 18. He also raised $68,000 in 2011.
Hammond, who is endorsed by the GOP Senate Caucus, and who faces a primary challenge from Assemblyman Richard McArthur, R-Las Vegas, is well ahead in contributions. McArthur reports about $16,000 in total donations. Republican Conrad Vergara, has also filed.
Ross, who has a primary against Democrat Donna Schlemmer, reports $47,000 in contributions and $5,500 in expenses. She received $10,000 from the Committee to Elect Steve Ross and $5,000 from the Committee to Elect Tom Collins.
Schlemmer has raised about $7,000.
Democrats have a voter registration edge in three Clark County races: Senate 5 by 40.6 percent to 37.5 percent for Republicans; in Senate 6 by 41.4 percent to 38.2 percent; and in Senate 9 by 39.6 percent to 35.3 percent, based on registration numbers through April.
Republicans lead in Senate 15 in Washoe County, 40 percent to 38 percent, and in Senate District 18 in Clark County, 40.7 percent to 37.6 percent.
Audio clips:
Sen. Michael Roberson says he is pleased with where the Senate candidates are but that it is a long time yet to November:
052312Roberson1 :14 sure we're successful."
Roberson says the GOP Senate candidates are some of the best in the past 20 years:
052312Roberson2 :20 in 20 years."


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
Grand Island is home to one of America's oldest men, and he's celebrating another birthday Saturday.
Salustiano Sanchez, who lives in ElderWood Health Care at Riverwood on Grand Island Boulevard, will turn 111 years old on Saturday.
Sanchez, nicknamed "Shorty," was born June 8, 1902, in Salamanca, Spain, the son of Baldomera Blasquez and Serafin Sanchez. He was from the town of El Tejada and attended school up until the age of 10.
He left his native Spain at the age of 17 and worked in Cuba before coming to America to work as a miner.
He had a sister Nicholasa and a brother Pedro. He met his wife Pearl Emilie Chiaresa Sanchez at the funeral of a mutual acquaintance in Pennsylvania. Their favorite times were spent picnicking in Niagara Falls, talking walks, and riding the Maid of the Mist.
They raised children John and Irene Sanchez Johnson. Today his family includes seven grandchildren, 15 great-grandchildren, and five great-great-grandchildren.
He never owned a car, but walked everywhere.
There won't be a wild celebration at Riverwood to mark the occasion, as per Shorty's wishes, but as Melissa McCraith, director of activities at Riverwood explained, when you're 111 years old, you've earned the right to do whatever you want.

subset: commoncrawl


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New 2019 NissanAltima 2.5 S Sedan
- Stock: 191133
- Fuel Economy
- 28.0/39.0 mpg City/Hwy
- Exterior Color
- Glacier White
- Interior Color
- Body/Seating
- Sedan/5 seats
- Transmission
- continuously variable automatic
- Drivetrain
- front-wheel
- Engine
- 2.5L I-4 cyl
Highlighted Features
- Wireless phone connectivity
- Exterior parking camera rear
- Split folding rear seat
- Remote keyless entry
- Steering wheel mounted audio controls
- Fully automatic headlights
- Security system
- Power driver seat
Detailed Specifications
Dealer Notes
Quite possibly the perfect car for you! Nissan prioritized practicality, efficiency, and style by including: a trip computer, an outside temperature display, and 1-touch window functionality. Smooth gearshifts are achieved thanks to the 2.5 liter 4 cylinder engine, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain.
Our sales reps are knowledgeable and professional. We'd be happy to answer any questions that you may have. Stop by our dealership or give us a call for more information.
KBB.com Consumer Reviews
- 5.0
This is my 5th altima and I've loved them all.
By Lynn on Friday, May 03, 2019Always comfortable seating, never had any of my Altimas in for repairs other than routine maintenance, & excellent gas mileage. My new Platinum model has an average of 31 mpg, yet the engine is so peppy. Love all the safety devices, especially blind spot indicator. The on-board computer is amazing and now I think I could never live without it. The color is beautiful - scarlet ember and the styling is gorgeous. Love this car!!
- 4.0
Great Improvement of previous generations
By Geo on Monday, March 04, 2019New Altima is knock out in design. Modern and attractive exterior and interior. Appreciate the simple dash layout and controls on steering wheel. Yes there is a bit of plastic but doesn't look cheap and what do you expect at this price point. Pro-Pilot is amazing and don't see how anyone buys car with out this type of safety feature. Performance is good and one of the fastest 0-60 times of all the base engine cars (7.6). Ride is comfortable most of the time but suspension doesn't like pothole filled roads, but neither do I. Can wheel and deal on price better than you can on Honda Accord, Camry or Mazda 6. All which I drove and did not find any reason to buy over Altima.
- 2.0
Many shortcomings insight
By Magician on Saturday, December 01, 2018This 2019 Altima 2.5 SL drives nicely and soft on 17 inch wheels. 2.5L engine has a sufficient power. CVT transmission works fine. Though, in my opinion, it substantially lacks driving dynamics and pleasure of the automatic transmission with gears. Steering is precise and on-center. Brakes work very well. Navigation system is simple, but intuitive and entry commands are easy. Bose audio system sounds OK for this vehicle segment, but nothing extraordinary. Trunk space is adequate. Rear seats are comfortable and visibility is good. Heated steering wheel is an incredible feature. Once you try it, you will never want to get the car without it. These are the good things about this vehicle and now are the shortcomings. Front passenger seat is awfully uncomfortable. The seat cushion does not go up nor down, nor does it recline. It feels like you are sitting flat on the floor. There is no lumbar support. Long drives are very uncomfortable and unpleasant. Please remember this is one of the top trims of this vehicle. There is no ventilation for front seats and rear seats are not heated. Interior is very dim at night time as there are no LED interior lights and regular bulbs with foggy lenses do not provide a good illumination. The buttons for the lights feel cheap and loose. Tail lights are not LED neither and their illumination is dim and out of date. Headlights are LEDs, but their range is short and visibility is marginal. Ford Fusion, Honda Accord and Mazda 6 offers all the above mentioned features for about the same price. The infotainment screen is not tilted towards the driver and it is hard to see sometimes with sun glare. Also it is destructive to reach to the screen every time you need to change anything as there is no separate controller knob like in Mazda. Climate control for some reason does not maintain the set temperature. The interior materials look and feel cheap, especially on the door panels. Front doors rattle when you close them and dashboard speaker covers are misaligned. The sunroof size is very small. In my opinion, there are many shortcomings and cost saving signs. They are very visible, not attractive nor they are comfortable.
New 2019 Nissan Altima 2.5 SBack to Details
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Frontier Gate Cheats and Codes
Welcome to the Frontier Gate Cheats and Codes page where our team of contributors will help you with a set of cheats, codes, hints, hacks, tips and unlockables.
If you are stuck on something specific and are unable to find any answers on our Frontier Gate Cheats page then be sure to ask the Frontier Gate Forum / Community for help and advice in the discussion box below and they will get back to you as soon as possible with an answer!
Finally, if you have been playing Frontier Gate and wish to help other users, feel free to sign up and start contributing!
Frontier Gate Overview
Frontier Gate is a role-playing game developed by tri-Ace and released on PlayStation Portable.


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|Felver-gant, Jason - Purdue University
|Eicher, Susan
|Cheng, Heng Wei
Submitted to: Poultry Science
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/30/2011
Publication Date: 7/16/2011
Citation: Felver-Gant, J.N., Eicher, S.D., Cheng, H. 2011. Changes in the Heat Stress Response of Laying Hens Following Antioxidant Supplementation. Poultry Science. (E-suppl.1)90:33.
Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: Heat stress (HS) is a major contributor to mortality and other welfare issues in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to determine the benefits of an antioxidant supplement during HS. One hundred and twenty White Leghorns at 32 wk of age were randomly transferred to two adjacent rooms. Hens were randomly pair-housed and assigned to a control feed (CF) or a feed including an antioxidant blend (ethoxyquin, propyl gallate, and propylene glycol; Agrado Ultra®) at 160 ppm (AF) and then raised for two wks at a control climate (C) (24°C, 15.6 % RH). Afterward, one room was subjected to a HS climate (H) (33°C, 23.7% RH) for 8 d. Physiological data were taken from 40 hens on d 1 and 8 respectively; and feed intake data were taken on d 1, 3, 6, and 8. Data were analyzed using a Proc Mixed model and slice adjustment. Compared to their controls, H-hens had higher core body temperatures (p < 0.01) on both d 1 and 8. Compared to their controls, H-CF hens but not H-AF hens had reduced liver wt on d 1 (p < 0.05; p > 0.05, respectively); and on d 8, liver wt was reduced in both H-CF and H-AF hens (p < 0.05). However, on d 8, H-AF hens liver wt was greater than the liver wt of H-CF hens (p < 0.05). The ratio of ileum weight and length was reduced in both H-CF and H-AF hens compared to their controls (p < 0.05) on d 1; while H-CF hens tended to be different on d 8 (p = 0.08). H-CF hens ate less than C-CF hens during d 1, 3, 6, and 8 (p < 0.01) while H-AF hens ate less than controls during d 3 and 6 only (p <0.01). Partial pressure CO2 (pCO2), HCO3¯, and total CO2 of cardiac blood of H-CF hens was lower than C-CF hens (p < 0.05) on d 8. However, only p CO2 was decreased in H-AF hens compared to controls (p < 0.05). Low pCO2, HCO3¯, and total CO2 are indicative of respiratory alkalosis or metabolic acidosis that can onset under HS through excess hyperventilation. These data suggest that hens exhibit a negative response under HS. Evidence is provided that hens fed AF have an improved coping capability to HS.


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Darien looks to join clean energy program
Darien will join other Connecticut municipalities in encouraging businesses to become more energy efficient, pending approval from the Representative Town Meeting.
"This is an interesting opportunity for municipalities to participate in the Clean Energy Finance Investment Authority," First Selectman Jayme Stevenson said at Monday's Board of Selectmen meeting.
The CEFIA, which was created following 2000 state legislation, directs resources toward funding green energy projects, lowers costs of green energy projects and reduces reliance on state grants, according to its website. It has funded more than $150 million in renewable energy projects, emerging technology investments and education and awareness programs statewide, according to CEFIA.
The town will participate in the clean energy program, C-PACE.
The program will use loan financing for clean energy improvements at commercial properties in town.
Commercial, industrial and multi-family property owners who wish to upgrade with clean energy projects would receive private capital up front for the entire project.
More InformationFact box
The loan is then repaid through an increase in property taxes for the commercial owner. A lien will be placed on the property so that if the property changes hands, the new owner is responsible for repaying the loan.
Darien would serve as the collection agency for the CEFIA. Financing is structured so that energy savings must more than offset the additional property tax assessment, according to C-PACE.
Selectman Gerald Nielsen, who owns Nielsen's Florist and Garden Shop, said the program is beneficial for business owners in town.
"You're getting positive cash flow from day one," Nielson said.
He added that some energy-efficient projects are not attractive because of the amount of time that it would take to reap the rewards.
Commercial property owners that wish to participate in the program must provide an energy audit or undergo a renewable energy system feasibility analysis.
Eleven projects already are underway with the help of C-PACE, including one at the shopping plaza at 542 Westport Ave. in Norwalk.
The property owners financed $172,000 of a $340,000 lighting project through C-PACE. According to C-PACE, the commercial owners will save an annual $17,500.
As of January, 67 municipalities have opted to sign on with C-PACE, according to C-PACE.
"In my opinion there is no downside," Stevenson said. "There is no financial obligation. The net result is that it's good for property owners and beneficial to the environment."
email@example.com; 203-330-6583; @Meg_DarienNews


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Blue Care's retirement living villages are located across Queensland. Our villages give retirees the freedom to manage their daily lifestyle with the added benefit of access to help in the home facilities, social and recreational activities if it is needed.
Blue Care Wondall Gardens Retirement Living provides a retirement living lifestyle in the Manly West community and is located at 410 Wondall Road, Manly West, QLD.
Blue Care Wondall Gardens Retirement Living is centrally located in a quiet, leafy area, close to local amenities and services.
Blue Care Wondall Gardens Retirement Living offers retirees an affordable housing option, with 44 two bedroom or two bedroom plus study units. All units are fully self-contained and have a single remote lock-up grage with a storage area.
Residents of Blue Care Wondall Gardens Retirement Living enjoy the friendly community setting while maintaining the freedom to manage their retirement lifestyle in a secure, low maintenance independent living environment.
Blue Care can offer eligible residents access to a full range of community services, including nursing, allied health, personal care, domestic assistance, social support and pastoral care.
View the flyer for Blue Care Wondall Gardens Retirement Living.
Download our Village comparison document to find out more.
Experience retirement living with Blue Care and gain the space and freedom to concentrate on the things you cherish most.
At Blue Care we have more than you imagined. With options to suit every budget and lifestyle, Blue Care's retirement villages provide high-quality accommodation and access to tailor-made care services that conform to your needs and lifestyle aspirations.
Enquire now by calling 1800 990 446 and a Blue Care representative will provide you with the relevant details for your village of interest.
Address: 410 Wondall Road, Manly West, QLD, 4179
Call: 1800 990 446
Fax: 07 3327 5651
Email us: firstname.lastname@example.com


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As the new Court 2 at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden nears completion so does the newest dining option at California's largest tennis venue.
The New York sushi restaurant Nobu will have an outlet near the new court, which holds one of only two ATP or WTA-level tournaments in the state. The new stadium court will have 8,000 seats and tickets have gone on sale for the 2014 BNP Paribas Open.
To find out more about the new court and restaurant, as well as ticket packages, go to http://www.bnpparibasopen.com/.
In the last three years, Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic have won the men's titles and Maria Sharapova, Victoria Azarenka and Caroline Wozniacki the women's titles.
The 2014 tournament runs from March 3 to 16.
Tiger Woods a dork? Lindsey Vonn thinks so
Brandt Snedeker, Ryan Lochte recovering from freak injuries
Report: Coaches told Richie Incognito to 'toughen up' Jonathan Martin


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Pancake Sausage Muffins
2 cup plain flour
1 1/2 teaspoon baking soda
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon salt
3/4cup brown sugar
5-7 small sausage links
1 1/4-1 1/2 cups milk or buttermilk
2 eggs, beaten
1/2 teaspoon maple extract
1/2 teaspoon maple extract
Preheat over 350 degrees.
Stir dry ingredients together.
Cut sausage into small pieces and toss in flour mixture.
Add eggs,milk, and maple extract, mix well.
Fill greased muffin pan 2/3 full. Makes 14 regular size muffins.
Bake for 12-15 minutes. As always I start checking about 2 minutes before the least amount of time.
Top with warm Maple Syrup. Little ones can dip pieces in a small bowl of syrup. Enjoy!
*note... Next time I will add Maple Extract in the batter. Yummy! No need for syrup then. ~smiles thinking of less mess~
|Pancake Sausage Muffin. Dip in warm maple syrup and Enjoy!
This is shared on


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From Yarmouth to Sydney, Nova Scotia is full of scenic landscapes, rich history, and interesting local culture. If you are planning a trip to Nova Scotia, why not make your trip even more special by staying in a holiday rental instead of a hotel? Whether you need a cottage in Lunenburg or a spacious house in Inverness, there is sure to be a Nova Scotia holiday rental to suit your budget and needs. Rental homes offer you all the comfort and convenience of a home away from home, and are perfect for anything from a romantic getaway for two to a fun family trip while letting you experience Nova Scotia like one of the locals. Take advantage of one of our great deals on holiday rentals for your very next trip, and you'll be glad you did.
Sights and fun experiences abound in Nova Scotia, and there is a little bit of something for everyone. Soak up the beauty and serenity to be found in the Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens, or head to Cape Breton Highlands National Park for the stunning landscape and wildlife. Explore the history of the area at Louisbourg's Fortress Louisbourg, or hike the Skyline Trail in Ingonish. No matter how you decide to spend your days in Nova Scotia, staying in your very own rental home is the perfect way to rest up for the next day's adventures. With our Nova Scotia holiday rentals, you can make the most out of your trip with all the benefits of home, and did you know they can even save you money?
Hotels can be expensive, especially if you are traveling with a large group or plan on staying a while. Holiday rentals eliminate the need to pay for multiple hotel rooms, because you can find a rental to fit almost any size group. Many of our Nova Scotia holiday rentals also offer a discount on extended stays, so you can enjoy the majestic beauty of the region for longer without hurting your wallet. Staying in a holiday rental on your next trip to Nova Scotia is a win-win decision, because it is not only the more comfortable and convenient option but can also be the most economical. Choose one of our great Nova Scotia rental homes for your next trip and make the most out of your holiday.
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Maps -Part of the Town of Lexington (North), p. 34. From Atlas of the towns of Watertown, Belmont, Arlington and Lexington , Middlesex County, Mass.: from official plans and actual surveys. Boston, Mass: Geo. W. Stadly & Co., 1898 -Cary Memorial Library 2016. All rights reserved.
The Edwin B. Worthen Collection, Cary Memorial Library
Cary Memorial Library
1874 Massachusetts Avenue . Lexington, MA 02420
781-862-6288 | Fax 781-862-7355
Last modified on: March 22, 2016


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Annie Dillard wrote, "How we spend our days is, of course, how we spend our lives." On the first of each month, Catching Days hosts a guest writer in the series, "How We Spend Our Days." Today, please welcome writer ROBERT OLEN BUTLER. … Continue reading
Tag Archives: The Empire of Night
the next writer in the series: june 1, 2017
I have been looking into schedules. Even when we read physics, we inquire of each least particle, What then shall I do this morning? How we spend our days is, of course, how we spend our lives. What we do with … Continue reading


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Hello faithful followers!
Mommy, for real has moved to
Please stop by and check out the new website! I will also politely beg you to resubscribe to my posts via email when you get to the new site!
You can also subscribe to my RSS feed, find me on Facebook, and follow me on Twitter.
My archives will be migrating over there next month!
Thanks for moving with me!


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I was a little nervous as I headed to the reunion dinner at the VFW in the tiny western New York State town where I grew up.
My classmates and I were gathering from locations that ranged from an apartment down the street to a house in Thessaloniki, Greece.
I'm sure every one of us heading to the event felt a touch of the silly old fears that come with these gatherings. Then I spotted the big orange sign on the nearby bridge over the Erie Canal:
"WARNING: Emergency Scene Ahead."


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It seems that Amazon's ability to offer ebooks at a lower price than Apple's announced iBook shop is being eroded more quickly than even dire predictions had supposed it might.
Word comes from Gizmodo that more of Amazon's "big six" publishers have been pushing prices up to the higher price point for "hardcover bestsellers," which is an interesting term to use in an entirely data environment. After MacMillan's move on Monday to see prices bumped to the $15 mark on certain titles, it seems that other publishers have come pouring in with similar requests to make of Amazon's Kindle Store.


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Peer-Reviewed Publications
Characteristics of Crashes Involving Injured Children in Side Impacts." International Journal of Crashworthiness. 2011;16(4):365-373."
Characteristics of prolonged concussion recovery in a pediatric subspecialty referral population." J. Pediatr.. 2014;165(6):1207-15."
Characterization of interpersonal violence events involving young adolescent girls vs events involving young adolescent boys." Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158(6):545-50."
Child and parent perceptions of monitoring in chronic illness management: a qualitative study." Child Care Health Dev. 2010;36(5):655-62."
Child bicyclist injuries: are we obtaining enough information in the emergency department chart?" Inj. Prev.. 2002;8(2):165-9."
Child coping and parent coping assistance during the peritrauma period in injured children." Fam Syst Health. 2011;29(4):279-90."
Child coping, parent coping assistance, and post-traumatic stress following pediatric physical injury." Child Care Health Dev. 2013;39(2):171-7."
Child occupant protection: a summary of current safety recommendations." Prim. Care Update Ob Gyns. 2001;8(4):141-148."
Child passenger injury risk in sibling versus non-sibling teen driver crashes: a US study." Inj. Prev.. 2007;13(3):207-10."
Child passenger safety." Pediatrics. 2011;127(4):e1050-66."
Child passenger safety practices and injury risk in crashes with father versus mother drivers." Inj. Prev.. 2013."
Child passenger safety: protecting your patients on every trip." J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012;88(4):283-5."
The Child Stress Disorders Checklist-Short Form: a four-item scale of traumatic stress symptoms in children." Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010;32(3):321-7."
Childhood Traumatic Stress and the Emergency Department Visit." Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 2013;14(1):41-46."
Children with special health care needs: patterns of safety restraint use, seating position, and risk of injury in motor vehicle crashes." Pediatrics. 2009;123(2):518-23."
Children with special physical health care needs: restraint use and injury risk in motor vehicle crashes." Matern Child Health J. 2011;15(7):949-54."
Clothing drawstring entrapment in playground slides and school buses. Contributing factors and potential interventions." Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151(1):72-7."
Cognitive Rest and School-Based Recommendations Following Pediatric Concussion: The Need for Primary Care Support Tools." Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2013."
Community violence exposure and positive youth development in urban youth." J Community Health. 2011;36(6):925-32."
Comparing Patient, Clinician, and Caregiver Perceptions of Care for Early Psychosis: A Free Listing Study." Narrat Inq Bioeth. 2018;8(2):157-178."
Comparison of crash rates and rear-end striking crashes among novice teens and experienced adults using the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study." Traffic Inj Prev. 2016;17(Suppl 1):48-52."
A Comparison of Different Slicing Planes in Preservation of Major Hippocampal Pathway Fibers in the Mouse." Front Neuroanat. 2017;11:107."
Comparison of kinematic responses of the head and spine for children and adults in low-speed frontal sled tests." Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:329-72."
Comparison of older and younger novice driver crash rates: Informing the need for extended Graduated Driver Licensing restrictions." Accid Anal Prev. 2017;108:66-73."
Comparison of relative and actual chest compression depths during cardiac arrest in children, adolescents, and young adults." Resuscitation. 2012;83(3):320-6."


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For a certain generation, usually those raised on the cartoony early-90s WWF who rediscovered wrestling later in the decade, staying up until 2 a.m. to watch ECW on public access was a ritual of entering manhood. More often than not, those late-night broadcasts came from the ECW arena, a tiny, dingy, wonderful little place in a deserted industrial neighborhood of South Philadelphia. A warehouse converted into a Mummer's meeting hall (yes, there was occasionally Bingo), the ECW Arena was magical in its ordinariness. This past Saturday, the venerable shithole hosted what was probably its last wrestling card, a small independent promotion that ended the night with a Sabu and Justin Credible scarring each other with screwdrivers.
The Classical has a fitting eulogy for the place. Don't shed tears; just blood.


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Make new patterns from simple turning instructions. You can have a go using pencil and paper or with a floor robot.
How can you make a curve from straight strips of paper?
In this game, try not to colour two adjacent regions the same colour. Can you work out a strategy?


text:
Major Section: MISCELLANEOUS
Many low-level ACL2 functions take and return ``tag trees'' or ``ttrees'' (pronounced ``tee-trees'') which contain various useful bits of information such as the lemmas used, the linearize assumptions made, etc.
Let a ``tagged pair'' be a list whose car is a symbol, called the ``tag,'' and whose cdr is an arbitrary object, called the ``tagged object.'' A ``tag tree'' is either nil, a tagged pair consed onto a tag tree, or a non-nil tag tree consed onto a tag tree.
Abstractly a tag tree represents a list of sets, each member set
having a name given by one of the tags occurring in the ttree. The
elements of the set named
tag are all of the objects tagged
tag in the tree. To cons a tagged pair
(tag . obj) onto a
tree is to
obj to the set corresponding to
tag. To
cons two tag trees together is to union-equal the
corresponding sets. The concrete representation of the union so
produced has duplicates in it, but we feel free to ignore or delete
The beauty of this definition is that to combine two non-
nil tag
trees you need do only one
The following function accumulates onto ans the set associated with a given tag in a ttree:
(defun tagged-objects (tag ttree ans) (cond ((null ttree) ans) ((symbolp (caar ttree)) ; ttree = ((tag . obj) . ttree) (tagged-objects tag (cdr ttree) (cond ((eq (caar ttree) tag) (add-to-set-equal (cdar ttree) ans)) (t ans)))) (t ; ttree = (ttree . ttree) (tagged-objects tag (cdr ttree) (tagged-objects tag (car ttree) ans)))))This function is defined as a :
PROGRAM mode function in ACL2.
The rewriter, for example, takes a term and a ttree (among other
things), and returns a new term, term', and new ttree, ttree'.
Term' is equivalent to term (under the current assumptions) and the
ttree' is an extension of ttree. If we focus just on the set
associated with the tag
LEMMA in the ttrees, then the set for
ttree' is the extension of that for ttree obtained by unioning into
it all the runes used by the rewrite. The set associated with
LEMMA can be obtained by
(tagged-objects 'LEMMA ttree nil).


text:
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text:
The Commercial Fishermen Vessel Owner Program is designed to assist fishermen and vessel owners whose businesses have been negatively impacted by storm related losses from hurricanes Gustav and Ike. Specifically, this program pays down high-interest rate debts and provides funding for repairs and re-purchases attributed to Gustav and/or Ike. The program will work closely with other LDWF federal fishery recovery programs to ensure that qualifying applicants receive the maximum amount of funds for recovery.
Program Size: - Initial Allocation $9 million
After a six-week open application period, the program size will be determined based on the demand and response from the commercial fisheries industry.
Eligible: Commercial Fishermen and Vessel Owners
Eligible applicants are commercial fishermen that held a LDWF resident commercial fishing license in 2008 and 2010, can prove $5,000 tangible loss and/or business experienced a decline in gross receipts and sales in 2006, 2007 or 2008 (pre-storm) versus 2008 or 2009 (post-storm) and document other factors -or- held a LDWF resident vessel license in 2008 and 2010 and can document other factors.
Individuals or businesses currently in bankruptcy proceeding are NOT eligible.
The program is open only to Louisiana licensed commercial fishermen and vessel owners that can show storm related economic impacts of losses of $5,000 or more with other appropriate financial materials. Fishermen can request up to $100,000 for this 100% grant, to address demonstrated losses and for capital needs with the 2010 fishery.
If, after the close of the application period, the total request for funds exceeds the program allocation, the state will use a pro-rata allocation process to make individual awards that is based on applicants? income that is earned from commercial fishing.
If a pro-rata allocation is necessary, applicants that earn 50% or more of their income from commercial fishing will be placed into a pool that receives a minimum of 75% of the total allocation. Applicants earning less 50% of their income from commercial fishing will be placed in into the 2nd pool and receive the remaining allocation.
Based on program demand at the close of the application process, the state will announce the final pro-rata formula and allocation between the groups if it is found to be necessary.


text:
My opponent is not moving in a game
We strongly advise players to NOT play long games against opponents you do not know. Playing short time controls (like 1 - 10 minutes), is the best option if you want to avoid the frustration of an opponent who does not move, since they will lose quicker (and you do not have to waste as much time waiting).
Opponent not moving at the START of the game:
If neither you nor your opponent has made a second move (both players have played 1 move or less) you can simply click on the abort button - the game will immediately end and your rating will not be affected.
Opponent not moving in after move 3 in the game:
1) If you are going to be online for a while, keep the game open, but play multiple games by seeking again (maybe your opponent will become disconnected while you wait) - remember to keep an eye on the game to make sure your opponent has not moved.
2) If you need to go do something else, just leave ChessCube on and the game open. Hopefully they will lose on time / disconnect before they remember to move (or before you disconnect).
Feel free to post any discuss this topic in this thread. All content will be monitored by the Community and Moderators.


text:
Frequent Links
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
|Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Հանրապետություն
Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut'yun
|Anthem: Ազատ ու Անկախ Արցախ (Armenian)
Azat u Ankakh Artsakh (transliteration)
Free and Independent Artsakh
and largest city
39°52′N 46°43′E / 39.867°N 46.717°E{{#coordinates:39|52|N|46|43|E|type:city||
| |name=}}
|Official languages
|Presidential republic
|Bako Sahakyan
|Prime Minister
|Arayik Harutyunyan
|Chairman of Parliament
|Ashot Ghulian
|National Assembly
|Independence from Soviet Union
|2 September 1991[1]
|3 non-UN members
|11,458.38 km2
4,424.10 sq mi
|2013 estimate
|2010 census
|2010 estimate
|$1.6 billion (n/a)
|Per capita
|$2,581 (2011 est.) (n/a)
|Armenian dram (de facto) b (AMD)
|Time zone
|Armenia Time (UTC+4[4])
|Summer (DST)
|not observed (UTC+4)
|Calling code
|+374 47c
|Internet TLD
|The constitution guarantees "the free use of other languages spread among the population".
|Nagorno-Karabakh dram sold as souvenirs.[5]
|+374 97 for mobile phones.
Nagorno-Karabakh, officially the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR; Armenian: Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Հանրապետություն Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut'yun), Artsakh Republic or Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախի Հանրապետություն Arts'akhi Hanrapetut'yun),[6] is a republic in the South Caucasus recognised by three non-UN states.[7] Recognised by the United Nations as part of Azerbaijan, Nagorno-Karabakh controls most of the territory of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast and some of the surrounding area, giving it a border with Armenia to the west and Iran to the south.[8]
The predominantly Armenian-populated region of Nagorno-Karabakh was claimed by both the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the First Republic of Armenia when both countries became independent in 1918. After the Soviet Union established control over the area, it created the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) within the Azerbaijan SSR in 1923. In the final years of the Soviet Union, the region re-emerged as a source of dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan. In 1991, a referendum held in the NKAO and the neighbouring Shahumian region resulted in a declaration of independence. Large-scale ethnic conflict led to the 1991–1994 Nagorno-Karabakh War, which ended with a ceasefire that left the current borders.
The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is a presidential democracy with a unicameral parliament. The de facto country is very mountainous, averaging Script error: No such module "convert". above sea level. The population is predominantly Christian, with most Christians being affiliated with the Armenian Apostolic Church. Several historical monasteries are popular with tourists, mostly from the Armenian diaspora, as most travel can take place only between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh.
- 1 History
- 2 Government and politics
- 3 Military
- 4 Current situation
- 5 Geography
- 6 Administrative divisions
- 7 Demographics
- 8 Economy
- 9 Transportation
- 10 Education
- 11 Culture
- 12 See also
- 13 References
- 14 External links
Government and politics
Nagorno-Karabakh is a presidential democracy. The executive power primarily belongs to the president. According to the NKR Constitution the president appoints and dismisses the prime minister.[9] The National Assembly of Nagorno-Karabakh is the parliament, forming a unicameral legislature. It has 33 members who are elected for 5-year terms.[10] The current President is Bako Sahakyan.[11] In the recent presidential elections held on 19 July 2012 the incumbent president Sahakyan has been reelected for the second term.[12] None of the elections are recognized by any governing body and are condemned by Minsk Group Observant as well Azerbaijan, Turkey and OIC countries have more harsh stance by saying that the elections delude the peace talks. [13][14][15]
The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic has a multi-party system; as of 2009, the American NGO Freedom House ranks the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic above the republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan with respect to civil and political rights.[16][17][18] Three organisations have members in the parliament: Democratic Party of Artsakh has 18 members, Free Motherland has 8 members, and the Movement 88 alliance has 3 members.[10] A number of non-partisan candidates also take part in elections, and with some success; in 2005, eight of the 33 members to the National Assembly took their seat without running under the banner of established political parties in the republic.
On 3 November 2006, the then President of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Arkadi Ghukasyan signed a decree to carry out a referendum on a draft Nagorno-Karabakh constitution.[19] This was held on 10 December of the same year[20] among the citizens of Nagorno-Karabakh, which voted overwhelmingly in favour of a new constitution.[21] According to official preliminary results, with a turnout of 87.2%,[citation needed] as many as 98.6 percent of voters approved the constitution.[20] The 1st article of the document describes the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic as "a sovereign, democratic legal and social state". More than 100 non-governmental international observers and journalists who monitored the poll evaluated it positively, stating that it was held to a high international standard.[22]
However, the poll was criticised sharply by inter-governmental organisations such as the European Union, OSCE and GUAM, which have all rejected the referendum, deeming it illegitimate[22][23] The EU announced it was "aware that a 'constitutional referendum' has taken place," but emphasised its stance that only a negotiated settlement between Azerbaijan and ethnic Armenians can bring a lasting solution.[24] Secretary General of the Council of Europe Terry Davis asserted that the poll "will not be recognised ... and is therefore of no consequence".[22] In a statement, the OSCE chairman in office Karel De Gucht voiced his concern that the vote may prove potentially harmful to the ongoing conflict settlement process, which, he said, has shown "visible progress" and is at a "promising juncture".[20]
The outcome was also criticised by Turkey, which traditionally supports Azerbaijan because of common ethnic Turkic roots, and has historically had severe tensions with Armenia.[25][26]
Foreign relations
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is based in Stepanakert. The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic operates five permanent Missions and one Bureau of Social-Politic Information in France. The NKR Permanent Missions exist in Armenia, Australia, France, Germany, Russia, the United States, and one for Middle East countries based in Beirut.[27] The goals of the offices are to present the Republic's positions on various issues, to provide information and to facilitate the peace process.
The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is a member of the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations, commonly known as the "Commonwealth of Unrecognized States".
According to the NKR Constitution the army is under the civilian command of the government.[28] The Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army was officially established on 9 May 1992 as a defense against Azerbaijan. It succeeded in fighting the Azerbaijani army to a ceasefire on 12 May 1994.[29] Currently the Nagorno-Karabakh Defence Army consists of around 18,000–20,000 officers and soldiers. However, only 8,500 citizens from Nagorno-Karabakh serve in the NK army; some 10,000 come from Armenia.. There are also 177–316 tanks, 256–324 additional fighting vehicles, and 291–322 guns and mortars. Armenia supplies arms and other military necessities to Karabakh. Several battalions of Armenia's army are deployed directly in the Karabakh zone on occupied Azerbaijani territory.[30]
The Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army fought the Battle of Shusha in 1992, involving the opening of the Lachin corridor between The Republic of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh (1992), and the defense of the Martakert front from 1992–1994.
Land mines
The region of Nagorno-Karabakh is considered to be one of the most heavily mined regions of the former Soviet Union. Mines were laid from 1991 to 1994 by both conflicting parties in the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The United Nations and the U.S. have estimated the number of mines in Nagorno-Karabakh at 100,000. There have been many civilian casualties resulting from the land mines. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) claims that 123 people have been killed and over 300 injured by landmines near the disputed enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh since a 1994 truce ended a six-year conflict between ethnic Armenian and Azerbaijani forces.[31] The HALO Trust – UK based demining NGO, is the only other organisation conducting demining in Nagorno Karabakh.[32]
Current situation
Nagorno-Karabakh status process
Today, Nagorno-Karabakh is a de facto independent state, calling itself the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. It has close relations with the Republic of Armenia and uses the same currency, the dram. According to Human Rights Watch, "from the beginning of the Karabakh conflict, Armenia provided aid, weapons, and volunteers. Armenian involvement in Karabakh escalated after a December 1993 Azerbaijani offensive. The Republic of Armenia began sending conscripts and regular Army and Interior Ministry troops to fight in Karabakh."[33] The politics of Armenia and the de facto NKR are so intertwined that a former president of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Robert Kocharyan, became first the prime minister (1997) and then the president of Armenia (1998 to 2008).
However, Armenian governments have repeatedly resisted internal pressure to unite the two, due to ongoing negotiations under the auspices of the OSCE Minsk Group. In his case study of Eurasia, Dov Lynch of the Institute for Security Studies of WEU believes that "Karabakh's independence allows the new Armenian state to avoid the international stigma of aggression, despite the fact that Armenian troops fought in the war between 1991–94 and continue to man the Line of Contact between Karabakh and Azerbaijan." Lynch also cites that the "strength of the Armenian armed forces, and Armenia's strategic alliance with Russia, are seen as key shields protecting the Karabakh state by the authorities in Stepanakert."[34] Some sources consider Nagorno-Karabakh as functioning de facto as part of Armenia.[35][36][37][38][39]
At present, the mediation process is at a standstill, with the most recent discussions in Rambouillet, France, yielding no agreement. Azerbaijan has officially requested Armenian troops to withdraw from all disputed areas of Azerbaijan outside Nagorno-Karabakh, and that all displaced persons be allowed to return to their homes before the status of Karabakh can be discussed.[citation needed] Armenia does not recognise Azerbaijani claims to Nagorno-Karabakh, and believes the territory should have self-determination.[40] Both the Armenian and Karabakh governments note that the independence of the NKR was declared around the time the Soviet Union dissolved and its members became independent.[41][42] The Armenian government insists that the government of Nagorno-Karabakh be part of any discussions on the region's future, and rejects ceding occupied territory or allowing refugees to return before talks on the region's status.[43]
Representatives of Armenia, Azerbaijan, France, Russia and the United States met in Paris and in Key West, Florida, in early 2001.[44] Despite rumours that the parties were close to a solution, the Azerbaijani authorities – both during Heydar Aliyev's period of office, and after the accession of his son Ilham Aliyev in the October 2003 elections – have firmly denied that any agreement was reached in Paris or Key West.
Further talks between the Azerbaijani and Armenian presidents, Ilham Aliyev and Robert Kocharyan, were held in September 2004 in Astana, Kazakhstan, on the sidelines of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) summit. Reportedly, one of the suggestions put forward was the withdrawal of the occupying forces from the Azeri territories adjacent to Nagorno-Karabakh and then holding referendums (plebiscites) in Nagorno-Karabakh and Azerbaijan proper regarding the future status of the region. On 10 and 11 February 2006, Kocharyan and Aliyev met in Rambouillet, France, to discuss the fundamental principles of a settlement to the conflict. Contrary to the initial optimism, the Rambouillet talks did not produce any agreement, with key issues such as the status of Nagorno-Karabakh and whether Armenian troops would withdraw from Kalbajar still being contentious.[45]
Talks were held at the Polish embassy in Bucharest in June 2006.[46] Again, American, Russian, and French diplomats attended the talks that lasted over 40 minutes.[47] Earlier, Armenian President Kocharyan announced that he was ready to "continue dialogue with Azerbaijan for the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and with Turkey on establishing relations without any preconditions."[48]
According to Armenian foreign minister, Vardan Oskanyan, no progress was made at this latest meeting. Both presidents failed to reach a consensus on the issues from the earlier Rambouillet conference. He noted that the Kocharyan-Aliyev meeting was held in a normal atmosphere. "Nevertheless," he added, "the foreign ministers of the two countries are commissioned to continue talks over settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and try to find common points before the next meeting of the presidents."[49]
The major disagreement between both sides at the Bucharest conference was the status of Karabakh. Azerbaijan's preferred solution would be to give Karabakh the "highest status of autonomy adopted in the world."[50] Armenia, on the other hand, endorsed a popular vote by the inhabitants of Karabakh to decide their future, a position that was also taken by the[which?] international mediators.[51] On 27 June, the Armenian foreign minister said both parties agreed to allow the residents of Karabakh to vote regarding the future status of the region.[52] The Azerbaijani Ministry of Foreign Affairs officially refuted that statement.[53] According to Azeri opposition leader Isa Gambar, however, Azerbaijan did indeed agree to the referendum. Still, nothing official has confirmed this yet.[54]
The ongoing "Prague Process" overseen by the OSCE Minsk Group was brought into sharp relief in the summer of 2006 with a series of rare public revelations seemingly designed to jump-start the stalled negotiations. After the release in June of a paper outlining its position, which had until then been carefully guarded, U.S. State Department official Matthew Bryza told Radio Free Europe that the Minsk Group favored a referendum in Karabakh that would determine its final status. The referendum, in the view of the OSCE, should take place not in Azerbaijan as a whole, but in Nagorno-Karabakh only. This was a blow to Azerbaijan, and despite talk that their government might eventually seek a more sympathetic forum for future negotiations, this has not yet happened.[55]
On 10 December 2007 Azerbaijan's deputy foreign minister said Azerbaijan would be prepared to conduct anti-terrorist operations in Nagorno-Karabakh against alleged bases of the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK).[56] Armenian Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Vladimir Karapetian previously rejected the allegations as "fabricated" and suggested the accusations of the PKK presence were a form of provocation.[57]
In 2008, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev stated that "Nagorno Karabakh will never be independent; the position is backed by international mediators as well; Armenia has to accept the reality" and that "in 1918, Yerevan was granted to the Armenians. It was a great mistake. The khanate of Iravan was the Azeri territory, the Armenians were guests here".[58] On the other hand, in 2009 president of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Bako Sahakyan declared that "Artsakh will never be a part of Azerbaijan. NKR security should never be an article of commerce either. As to other issues, we are ready to discuss them with Azerbaijan.".[59] In 2010 president of Republic of Armenia Serzh Sargsyan in his speech in the Chatham House of the British Royal Institute of International Affairs declared that "Karabakh was never a part of independent Azerbaijan: it was annexed to Azerbaijan by a decision of the Soviet Union party body. The people of Karabakh never put up with this decision, and upon the first opportunity, seceded from the Soviet Union fully in line with the laws of the Soviet Union and the applicable international law".[60]
On 14 March 2008, the United Nations General Assembly passed a non-binding resolution by a vote of 39 to 7, with 100 abstentions, reaffirming Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, expressing support for that country's internationally recognized borders and demanding the immediate withdrawal of all Armenian forces from all occupied territories there. The resolution was supported mainly by members of the OIC and GUAM, both of which Azerbaijan is a member, as well as other nations facing breakaway regions. The resolution was opposed by all three members of the OSCE Minsk Group.[61]
On 20 May 2010, the European Parliament adopted a resolution "on the need for an EU strategy for the South Caucasus", which states that EU must pursue a strategy to promote stability, prosperity and conflict resolution in the South Caucasus.[62] The resolution "calls on the parties to intensify their peace talk efforts for the purpose of a settlement in the coming months, to show a more constructive attitude and to abandon preferences to perpetuate the status quo created by force and with no international legitimacy, creating in this way instability and prolonging the suffering of the war-affected populations; condemns the idea of a military solution and the heavy consequences of military force already used, and calls on both parties to avoid any further breaches of the 1994 ceasefire". The resolution also calls for withdrawal of Armenian forces from all occupied territories of Azerbaijan, accompanied by deployment of international forces to be organised with respect of the UN Charter in order to provide the necessary security guarantees in a period of transition, which will ensure the security of the population of Nagorno-Karabakh and allow the displaced persons to return to their homes and further conflicts caused by homelessness to be prevented; and states that the EU believes that the position according to which Nagorno-Karabakh includes all occupied Azerbaijani lands surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh should rapidly be abandoned. It also notes "that an interim status for Nagorno-Karabakh could offer a solution until the final status is determined and that it could create a transitional framework for peaceful coexistence and cooperation of Armenian and Azerbaijani populations in the region."[63]
On 26 June 2010, the presidents of the OSCE Minsk Group's Co-Chair countries, France, Russia, and United States made a joint statement, reaffirming their "commitment to support the leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan as they finalize the Basic Principles for the peaceful settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict".[64]
After Armenia established diplomatic relations with Tuvalu in March 2012, it was speculated in the press that Armenia was attempting to persuade the small island nation to be the first state to recognize Nagorno-Karabakh's independence.[65] Tuvalu recognized two other disputed states in the Caucasus, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the previous year.
Recognition process
- In May 2012, the Rhode Island House of Representatives in the United States passed a resolution calling on President Barack Obama and the U.S. Congress to recognize Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. The resolution, adopted by the state's House of Representatives, encourages Nagorno-Karabakh's "efforts to develop as a free and independent nation."[66]
- In August 2012, the Massachusetts House of Representatives passed a resolution calling on President Barack Obama and the U.S. Congress to recognize Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.[67]
- In October 2012, New South Wales, Australia, recognized Nagorno-Karabakh.[68]
- In April 2013, the Maine House of Representatives in the United States passed a resolution accepting Nagorno Karabakh's independence and urging President Barack Obama to also accept Nagorno Karabakh's independence.[69]
- In April 2013, Fresno County in California recognized Nagorno-Karabakh.[70][71]
- In May 2013, the Louisiana State Senate in the United States passed a resolution accepting Nagorno Karabakh's independence and expressed support for the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic's efforts to develop as a free and independent nation.[72]
- In November 2013, Highland, California, recognized Nagorno-Karabakh and was twinned with Berdzor.[70][73]
- In January 2014, Los Angeles recognized Nagorno-Karabakh.[74]
- In May 2014, the California State Assembly passed a measure recognizing Nagorno-Karabakh's independence with a 70–1 vote.[75] The measure also calls for President Barack Obama and the U.S. Congress to recognize Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.[76]
- In May 2014 the Louisiana State Senate adopted a resolution saluting the Nagorno Karabakh Republic's independence and urging the U.S. President and Congress to "Support Self-Determination and Democratic Independence of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic".[77]
- On 27 August 2014 the California State Senate voted unanimously (23-0) to pass Assembly Joint Resolution 32, recognizing the Republic of Nagorno Karabakh as a sovereign state. The resolution encourages Artsakh's efforts to develop as a free and independent nation and formally calls upon the President and Congress of the United States to support the self-determination and democratic independence of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.[78][79]
Human rights
The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has resulted in the displacement of 528,000 Azerbaijanis from Armenian territories (this figure does not include new born children of these IDPs) including Nagorno Karabakh, and 220,000 Azeris, 18,000 Kurds and 3,500 Russians fled from Armenia to Azerbaijan from 1988 to 1989. The Azerbaijani government has estimated that 63 percent of internally displaced persons (IDPs) lived below the poverty line as compared to 49% of the total population. About 154,000 lived in the capital, Baku. According to the International Organization for Migration, 40,000 IDPs lived in camps, 60,000 in underground dugout shelters, and 20,000 in railway cars. Forty-thousand IDPs lived in EU-funded settlements and UNHCR provided housing for another 40,000. Another 5,000 IDPs lived in abandoned or rapidly deteriorating schools. Others lived in trains, on roadsides in half-constructed buildings, or in public buildings such as tourist and health facilities. Tens of thousands lived in seven tent camps where poor water supply and sanitation caused gastro-intestinal infections, tuberculosis, and malaria.[80]
The Azerbaijani government has been unwilling to integrate the IDPs into the rest of the population as this could be interpreted as acceptance of the permanent loss of Nagorno-Karabakh.[citation needed] The government required IDPs to register their place of residence in an attempt to better target the limited and largely inadequate national and international assistance due to the Armenian advocated and US imposed restrictions on humanitarian aid to Azerbaijan. Many IDPs were from rural areas and found it difficult to integrate into the urban labor market. Many international humanitarian agencies reduced or ceased assistance for IDPs citing increasing oil revenues of the country.[81] The infant mortality among displaced Azerbaijani children is 3–4 times higher than in the rest of the population. The rate of stillbirth was 88.2 per 1,000 births among the internally displaced people. The majority of the displaced have lived in difficult conditions for more than 13 years.[82]
280,000 persons—virtually all ethnic Armenians who fled Azerbaijan during the 1988–1993 war over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh—were living in refugee-like circumstances in Armenia.[83] Some left the country, principally to Russia. Their children born in Armenia acquire citizenship automatically. Their numbers are thus subject to constant decline due to departure, and de-registration required for naturalization. Of these, about 250,000 fled Azerbaijan-proper (areas outside Nagorno-Karabakh); approximately 30,000 came from Nagorno-Karabakh. All were registered with the government as refugees at year's end.[83]
The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is mountainous, a feature which has given it its name (from the Russian for "Mountainous/Highland Karabakh"). It is Script error: No such module "convert". in area, bordering Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran. The highest peaks in the country are Mount Mrav, Script error: No such module "convert"., and Mount Kirs Script error: No such module "convert".. The largest water body is the Sarsang reservoir, and the major rivers are the Terter and Khachen rivers.[84] The country is on a plateau which slopes downwards towards the east and southeast, with the average altitude being Script error: No such module "convert". above sea level. Most rivers in the country flow towards the Artsakh valley.[85]
The climate is mild and temperate. The average temperature is Script error: No such module "convert"., which fluctuates annually between Script error: No such module "convert". in July and Script error: No such module "convert". in January. The average precipitation can reach Script error: No such module "convert". in some regions, and it is foggy for over 100 days a year.[85]
Over 2,000 kinds of plants exist in Nagorno-Karabakh, and more than 36% of the country is forested. The plant life on the steppes is mostly semi-desert vegetation, and alpine and tundra environments[clarification needed] can be found above the forest in the highlands and mountains.[85]
Administrative divisions
The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic has eight administrative divisions. Their territories include the five districts of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), the Shahumyan District in the Azerbaijan SSR which is currently under Azerbaijani control, and the seven district around the former NKAO that are under the control of the NKR forces.
Following the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic's declaration of independence, the Azerbaijani government abolished the NKAO and created Azerbaijani districts in its place. As a result, some of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic's divisions correspond with the Azerbaijani districts, while others have different borders. A comparative table of the current divisions of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and the corresponding districts of Azerbaijan follows:[86]
|Population (2005)
|Sahar (city)
|Former NKAO?
|Southern Goranboy, Western Kalbajar
|Kalbajar (formerly Shahumian)
|Eastern Kalbajar, Western Tartar, portion of Agdam
|Khojali, portion of Agdam
|Northern Khojavend, portion of Agdam
|Southern Khojavend, Jabrayil, portion of Fizuli
|Lachin, Qubadli, Zangilan
|Stepanakert (capital)
The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic claims Shahumian, which was not part of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. Representatives from Shahumian declared independence along with Nagorno-Karabakh, and the proclamation of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic includes the Shahumian region within its borders.[88] Unlike the rest of Nagorno-Karabakh, Shahumian remains under Azerbaijani control.
In 2002, the country's population was 145,000, made up of 95% Armenians and 5% others.[84] In March 2007, the local government announced that its population had grown to 138,000. The annual birth rate was recorded at 2,200–2,300 per year, an increase from nearly 1,500 in 1999.
OSCE report, released in March 2011, estimates the population of the "seven occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh" to be 14,000, and states "there has been no significant growth in the population since 2005."[89][90]
Until 2000, the country's net migration was at a negative.[91] For the first half of 2007, 1,010 births and 659 deaths were reported, with a net emigration of 27.[92]
According to age group: 15,700 (0–6), 25,200 (7–17) 75,800 (18–59) and 21,000 (60+)
Population by province (2006):
- Stepanakert 53,000 (2007)
- Askeran 17,400 (2007)
- Hadrut 12,300 (2009)
- Martakert 19,000
- Martuni 23,200
- Shahumyan 2,800
- Shushi 5,000 (2009)
- Qashatagh 9,800
Population of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (2000–2008)[93][94]
|Population (000s)
|Birth rate
|Death rate
|Net immigration
Ethnic composition
According to the 2005 NKR Census, the country's ethnic composition is:[95]
- Total – 137,737
- Armenians – 137,380
- Russians – 171
- Greeks – 22
- Ukrainians – 21
- Georgians – 12
- Azerbaijanis – 6
- Others – 125
Most of the Armenian population in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is Christian and belongs to the Armenian Apostolic Church which is an Oriental Orthodox Church.
Certain Eastern Orthodox and Evangelical denominations also exist; other religions include Judaism.[84] However, military authorities prohibited any Christian sect activity in Nagorno-Karabakh, for the reason that they would preach pacifism among population.[96]
The Gandzasar monastery ("Գանձասար" in Armenian) is a historical monastery in Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh Republic). Another is Dadivank Monastery (Armenian: Դադիվանք) also Khutavank (Armenian: Խութավանք – Monastery on the Hill) that was built between the 9th and 13th century. The Nagorno Karabakh government's aim is to include the Gandzasar Monastery into the directory of the UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.
Ghazanchetsots Cathedral (built 1868–1888) (Սուրբ Ամենափրկիչ Ղազանչեցոց Եկեղեցի in Armenian), also known as the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and the Shushi Cathedral, is an Armenian church located in Shushi, Nagorno-Karabakh. It is the main cathedral and headquarters of the Armenian Apostolic Church's "Diocese of Artsakh".
Just uphill from the cathedral in Shushi is the Kanach Zham (Green Church in Armenian) built in 1847.
Amaras Monastery (4th century) was a monastery was established by the foremost Armenian saint, St. Gregory the Enlightener, who baptized Armenia into the world's first Christian state in 301 AD. Amaras also hosted the first school where St. Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet, taught the new script to pupils, in the 5th century. The Amaras Monastery's location is in the Martuni District.
Tzitzernavank Monastery (4th century) is the best preserved example of an Armenian basilica with three naves. The monastery is in the Qashatagh District.
Saint Yeghishe Arakyal Monastery (5th–13th centuries) commemorating St. Yeghishe, the famous evangelizer of Armenia's eastern lands. The church serves as a burial ground for the 5th century's King Vachagan II the Pious, the most well-known representative of the Arranshahik line of east Armenian monarchs. The monastery is located in the Martakert District.
Dadivank Monastery (13th century) is reportedly the largest Armenian monastery in the Caucasus. The western façade of Dadivank's Memorial Cathedral bears one of the most extensive Armenian lapidary (inscribed-in-stone) texts. Dadivank is named after St. Dadi, a disciple of Apostle Thaddeus who preached Holy Gospel in Artsakh in the 1st century. St. Dadi's tomb was discovered by archeologists in 2007. The monastery is in the Shahumian District.
Gtichavank Monastery (13th century) has design features shared with the architectural style of medieval Armenia's capital city of Ani. The monastery is located in the Hadrut District.
Bri Yeghtze Monastery (13th century) that centers on embedded khachkars, unique-to-Armenia stone memorials with engraved crosses. The monastery is located in the Martuni District.
Yerits Mankants Monastery (17th century) (meaning "three infants" in Armenian) is known for hosting the seat of Artsakh's rival clergy to that of the Holy See of Gandzasar. The monastery is located in the Martakert District.
Church of St. Nerses the Great, is located in the city of Martuni, Karabakh. It is dedicated to the famous Armenian Catholicos, St. Nerses the Great.
The socio-economic situation of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic was greatly affected by the conflict. Yet, foreign investments are beginning to come. The origin of most venture capital comes from Armenians in Armenia, Russia, United States, France, Australia, Iran, and the Middle East.
Notably the telecommunications sector was developed with Karabakh Telecom[97] investing millions of dollars in mobile telephony, spearheaded by a Lebanese company.
Copper and gold mining has been advancing since 2002 with development and launch of operations at Drmbon deposit.[98] Approximately 27–28 thousand tons (wet weight) of concentrates are produced[99] with average copper content of 19–21% and gold content of 32–34 g/t.[100]
The banking system is also flourishing with Artsakhbank (the state bank) and a number of Armenian banks. The republic presently uses the Armenian dram.
Wine growing and processing of agricultural products, particularly wine (i.e. storage of wine, wine stuff, cognac alcohol) is one of the prioritized directions of the economic development.[101]
The Republic is developing a tourist industry geared to Armenia and the Armenian diaspora. The Republic has been showing a major increase in tourists over the last several years, which keeps growing because of Karabakh's many cultural sights. There are eight hotels in Stepanakert. The Artsakh development agency says 4,000 tourists visited Nagorno-Karabakh Republic in 2005. The figures rose to 8,000 in 2010 (excluding visitors from Armenia).[102] The agency cooperates with the Armenia Tourism Development Agency (ATDA) as Armenia is the only way tourists (mainly Armenians) can access Karabakh. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Karabakh informs of continuous expansion NKR visitors' geography.[103]
The "Tourism Development Agency of Nagorno-Karabakh" was established in Yerevan as a Non-Governmental Organization in Republic of Armenia to promote tourism further in Nagorno-Karabakh. It makes preparations for tour operators, travel agencies and journalists covering the region, and arranges for hotel services, shopping, catering, recreation centers.
Tourist attractions include:
- Gandzasar monastery, main tourist attraction.
- Ghazanchetsots Cathedral of the Holy Savior.
- Church of the Holy Mother of God "Kanach Zham".
- Amaras Monastery.
- Tzitzernavank Monastery.
- St. Yeghish Arakyal Monastery.
- Dadivank Monastery.
- Gtichavank monastery.
- Bri Yeghtsi monastery.
- Yerits Mankants.
- Katarovank Monastery
Other tourist attractions include:
- The ancient city of Tigranakert, one of four cities that were founded in the 1st century BC in opposite corners of Armenia and named after King Tigran II the Great, ruler of the short-lived Armenian Empire. Tigranakert, which has been undergoing archaeological excavations since 2005, is located in Mardakert District.
- Fort Mayraberd (10th–18th centuries) served as the primary bulwark against Turko-nomadic incursions from the eastern steppe. The fort is found to the east of the region's capital city of Stepanakert.
- Govharagha Mosque (18th century), a mosque located in the city of Shusha.
Janapar is a marked trail through mountains, valleys and villages of Nagorno-Karabakh, with monasteries and fortresses along the way. The trail is broken into day hikes, which will bring tourists to a different village each night.[104] The paths have existed for centuries, but now are marked specifically for hikers. The Himnakan Janapar (backbone trail), marked in 2007, leads from the northwest region of Shahumian to the southern town of Hadrut. Side trails and mini trails take one to additional parts of Karabakh. The important sites passed along this hike include Dadivank Monastery, Gandzasar monastery, Shushi, the Karkar Canyon with its high cliffs, Zontik Waterfall and the ruins of Hunot and Gtichavank monastery.
The transportation system damaged by the conflict has been noticeably improved during the last several years: the North-South Karabakh motorway alone has largely facilitated in the development of the transportation system.[105]
The Script error: No such module "convert". Hadrut-Stepanakert-Askeran-Martakert motorway, the locals say, is the lifeline of Karabakh. $25 million donated during the Hayastan All-Armenian Foundation telethons have been allotted for the construction of the road.[105][106]
The route from the Armenian capital Yerevan to the Nagorno-Karabakh capital Stepanakert now takes around 3 hours instead of the former 8–9 hours.[107]
The sole civilian airport of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, located about Script error: No such module "convert". east of the capital, has been closed since the onset of the war more than 20 years ago. However, the government is pressing ahead with plans to reopen the airport by early 2011, and raised about 1 billion drams ($2.8 million) for its reconstruction from unspecified "charitable sources." It began building a new airport terminal and repairing the runway in late 2009. It is expected that Karabakh will have a regular flight service only with Armenia, at least in the near future. Its unresolved status makes direct air communication with other countries all but impossible.[108] The Stepanakert-Yerevan flights will be carried out from the newly renovated Stepanakert Airport by a state-run airline, Artsakh Air, beginning in 2012. Artsakh Air's fleet of aircraft will consist of three Canadian-made CRJ200 passenger jets.[109]
Education in Nagorno-Karabakh is compulsory, and is free up to the age of 18. The education system is inherited from the old system of the Soviet Union.[110]
Nagorno-Karabakh's school system was severely damaged because of the conflict. But the government of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic with considerable aid from the Republic of Armenia and donations from the Armenian diaspora has rebuilt many of the schools. The republic has around 250 schools of various sizes, with more than 200 lying in the regions. The student population estimated at more than 20,000 study, with almost half in the capital city of Stepanakert.
Artsakh State University was founded by Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenian governments' joint efforts, with main campus in Stepanakert. The university opening ceremony took place on 10 May 1992.
Yerevan University of Management also opened a branch in Stepanakert.
"We Are Our Mountains" (Armenian: Մենք ենք մեր սարերը) by Sargis Baghdasaryan is a monument located in Stepanakert.[111] The sculpture is widely regarded as a symbol of the de facto independent Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh. It is a large monument from tuff of an old Armenian man and woman hewn from rock, representing the mountain people of Karabagh. It is also known as "Tatik yev Papik" (Տատիկ և Պապիկ) in Eastern Armenian. The sculpture is featured prominently on Nagorno-Karabakh's coat of arms.
Artsakh State Museum is the historical museum of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Located at 4 Sasunstsi David Street, in Stepanakert, the museum offers an assortment of ancient artifacts and Christian manuscripts. There's also more modern items, from the 19th century to World War II and from events of the Karabakh Independence War.
Karabakh has its own brand of popular music. As Karabakh question became a pan-Armenian question, Karabakh music was further promoted worldwide.
Also as a result of the Karabakh conflict, there has also been a series of nationalistic songs done by Karabakh artists as well as artists from Republic of Armenia and the Armenian diaspora to rally support for Karabakh independence movement accompanied by footage of Karabakh military campaigns. These can be found abundantly in popular online sites such as YouTube etc., with some lively pro and anti-Karabakh discussions that these videos almost always generate.
Azat Artsakh is the official newspaper of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.
Sports in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is organized by the Artsakh Ministry of Culture and Youth. Due to the non-recognition of Nagorno-Karabakh, sports teams from the country cannot compete in most international tournaments.
Football is the most popular sport in Nagorno-Karabakh. Stepanakert has a well-built football stadium. Since the mid-1990s, football teams from Karabakh started taking part in some domestic competitions in the Republic of Armenia. Lernayin Artsakh is the football club that represents the city of Stepanakert. The Artsakh football league was launched in 2009. The Artsakh national football team was formed in 2012 and played their first competitive match against the Abkhazia national football team in Sokhumi, a match that ended with a result of 1–1 draw.[112][113] The return match between the unrecognized teams took place at the Stepanakert Stadium, on 21 October 2012, when the team of Nagorno-Karabakh defeated the Abkhazian team with a result of 3–0.
There is also interest in other sports, including basketball and volleyball. Sailing is practiced in the town of Martakert.
Karabakh sportsmen also take part with the representing teams and athletes in the Pan-Armenian Games organized in the Republic of Armenia.
|English name
|Local name
|31 Dec – 1 Jan
|New Year's Day
|6 Jan
|20 Feb
|Artsakh Revival Day
|8 March
|Women's Day
|7 April
|Motherhood and Beauty Day
|24 April
|Genocide Remembrance Day
|1 May
|Worker's Solidarity Day
|9 May
|Victory, Armed Forces & Shushi Liberation Day
|28 May
|First Armenian Republic Day
|1 June
|Children's Day
|29 June
|Fallen Soldiers' and Missing in Action Memorial Day
|2 September
|Independence Day
|7 December
|Armenian Earthquake Memorial Day
|10 December
| Independence Referendum Day
Constitution Day
See also
- Armenian-controlled territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh
- Janapar - Multi-section hiking trail going through much of Karabakh
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- ^ "Karabakh hopes for recognition – from investors". Russia Journal. 7 October 2000. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
- ^ "It'll take 3 hours to drive from Yerevan to Stepanakert through new highway being constructed by Hayastan fund". Arka. 13 May 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
- ^ "Nagorno-Karabakh Airport Preparing For First Flights in Decades". Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty. 27 January 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
- ^ "Karabakh Gears Up For First Commercial Flights in Decades | Asbarez Armenian News". Asbarez.com. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "Education in the Nagorno Karabakh Republic". Nkrusa.org. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ Artsakh: A Photographic Journey by Hrair Khatcherian, p.49.
- ^ Artsakh vs Abkhazia
- ^ Armenia's newly formed second national football team to face Abkhazia
External links
|Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Nagorno-Karabakh.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.
- Official websites
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
- Office of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Washington D.C.
- National Statistical Service of NKR
- President of the Nagorno Karabagh Republic
- Media
- Articles and Photography on Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) from UK Photojournalist Russell Pollard
- Artsakh World portal
- Karabakh-Open
- "Azat Artsakh", Artsakh Government's newspaper
- Other
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|Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
|Political leaders
|Military leaders
|Foreign involvement
Soviet era:
Recent developments:
1 Republic of Armenia's involvement is partial
Administrative territorial entities of the NKR:
23x15px Nagorno-Karabakh Republic2:
Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh:
23x15px Nagorno-Karabakh Republic:
23x15px Chechen Republic of Ichkeria:
Military aid to Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh Republic:
Military aid to Azerbaijan:
Conflict mediation:
International documents: