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Muhammad Yunus
Muhammad Yunus at a special summit hosted by the University of Salford on 18 May 2013
28 June 1940
Chittagong, British Raj
(now Bangladesh)
School or tradition
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Muhammad Yunus (Bengali: মুহাম্মদ ইউনূস; born 28 June 1940) is a Bangladeshi social entrepreneur, banker, economist and civil society leader who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for founding the Grameen Bank and pioneering the concepts of microcredit and microfinance. These loans are given to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans. In 2006, Yunus and the Grameen Bank were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts through microcredit to create economic and social development from below". The Norwegian Nobel Committee noted that "lasting peace cannot be achieved unless large population groups find ways in which to break out of poverty" and that "across cultures and civilizations, Yunus and Grameen Bank have shown that even the poorest of the poor can work to bring about their own development".[2] Yunus has received several other national and international honours. He received the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009 and the Congressional Gold Medal in 2010.[3]
In 2008, he was rated #2 in Foreign Policy magazine's list of the 'Top 100 Global Thinkers'.[4]
In February 2011, Yunus together with Saskia Bruysten, Sophie Eisenmann and Hans Reitz co-founded Yunus Social Business – Global Initiatives (YSB). YSB creates and empowers social businesses to address and solve social problems around the world. As the international implementation arm for Yunus' vision of a new, humane capitalism, YSB manages Incubator Funds for social businesses in developing countries and providing advisory services to companies, governments, foundations and NGOs.
In 2012, he became Chancellor of Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland.[5][6] He is a member of the advisory board at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology. Previously, he was a professor of economics at Chittagong University in Bangladesh. He published several books related to his finance work. He is a founding board member of Grameen America and Grameen Foundation, which support microcredit.
Yunus also serves on the board of directors of the United Nations Foundation, a public charity created in 1998 by American philanthropist Ted Turner's $1 billion gift to support UN causes.[7]
In March 2011, the Bangladesh government fired Yunus from his position at Grameen Bank, citing legal violations and an age limit on his position.[8] Bangladesh's High Court affirmed the removal on 8 March. Yunus and Grameen Bank are appealing the decision, claiming Yunus' removal was politically motivated.
- 1 Early life and education
- 2 Early career
- 3 Recognition
- 4 Political activity
- 5 Controversies
- 6 Personal life
- 7 Books
- 8 Legacy and honours
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 Further reading
- 12 External links
Early life and education
Early years
The third of nine children,[9] Yunus was born on 28 June 1940 to a Muslim family in the village of Bathua, by the Boxirhat Road in Hathazari, Chittagong in the Bengal Presidency of the British Raj, which today forms modern Bangladesh.[10][11] His father was Hazi Dula Mia Shoudagar, a jeweler, and his mother was Sufia Khatun. His early childhood was spent in the village. In 1944, his family moved to the city of Chittagong, and he moved from his village school to Lamabazar Primary School.[10][12] By 1949, his mother was afflicted with psychological illness.[11] Later, he passed the matriculation examination from Chittagong Collegiate School ranking 16th of 39,000 students in East Pakistan.[12] During his school years, he was an active Boy Scout, and traveled to West Pakistan and India in 1952, and to Canada in 1955 to attend Jamborees.[12] Later while Yunus studied at Chittagong College, he became active in cultural activities and won awards for drama.[12] In 1957, he enrolled in the Department of Economics at Dhaka University and completed his BA in 1960 and MA in 1961.
After graduation
After his graduation, Yunus joined the Bureau of Economics as a research assistant to the economics researches of Professor Nurul Islam and Rehman Sobhan.[12] Later, he was appointed lecturer in economics in Chittagong College in 1961.[12] During that time, he also set up a profitable packaging factory on the side.[11] In 1965, he received a Fulbright scholarship to study in the United States. He obtained his PhD in economics from the Vanderbilt University Graduate Program in Economic Development (GPED) in 1971.[13] From 1969 to 1972, Yunus was assistant professor of economics at Middle Tennessee State University in Murfreesboro.
During the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, Yunus founded a citizen's committee and ran the Bangladesh Information Center, with other Bangladeshis in the United States, to raise support for liberation.[12] He also published the Bangladesh Newsletter from his home in Nashville. After the War, he returned to Bangladesh and was appointed to the government's Planning Commission headed by Nurul Islam. However, he found the job boring and resigned to join Chittagong University as head of the Economics department.[14] After observing the famine of 1974, he became involved in poverty reduction and established a rural economic program as a research project. In 1975, he developed a Nabajug (New Era) Tebhaga Khamar (three share farm) which the government adopted as the Packaged Input Programme.[12] In order to make the project more effective, Yunus and his associates proposed the Gram Sarkar (the village government) programme.[15] Introduced by president Ziaur Rahman in the late 1970s, the Government formed 40,392 village governments as a fourth layer of government in 2003. On 2 August 2005, in response to a petition by Bangladesh Legal Aids and Services Trust (BLAST) the High Court had declared village governments illegal and unconstitutional.[16]
His concept of microcredit for supporting innovators in multiple developing countries also inspired programs such as the Infolady Social Entrepreneurship Programme.[17][18][19]
Early career
In 1976, during visits to the poorest households in the village of Jobra near Chittagong University, Yunus discovered that very small loans could make a disproportionate difference to a poor person. Village women who made bamboo furniture had to take usurious loans to buy bamboo, and repay their profits to the lenders. Traditional banks did not want to make tiny loans at reasonable interest to the poor due to high risk of default.[20] But Yunus believed that, given the chance, the poor will repay the money and hence microcredit was a viable business model.[21] Yunus lent US$27 of his money to 42 women in the village, who made a profit of BDT 0.50 (US$0.02) each on the loan. Thus Yunus is credited with the idea of microcredit alongside Dr. Akhtar Hameed Khan, founder of the Pakistan Academy for Rural Development (now Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development), whom Yunus greatly admired.[22]
In December 1976, Yunus finally secured a loan from the government Janata Bank to lend to the poor in Jobra. The institution continued to operate, securing loans from other banks for its projects. By 1982, it had 28,000 members. On 1 October 1983, the pilot project began operation as a full-fledged bank for poor Bangladeshis and was renamed Grameen Bank ("Village Bank"). Yunus and his colleagues encountered everything from violent radical leftists to conservative clergy who told women that they would be denied a Muslim burial if they borrowed money from Grameen.[11] By July 2007, Grameen had issued US$6.38 billion to 7.4 million borrowers.[23] To ensure repayment, the bank uses a system of "solidarity groups". These small informal groups apply together for loans and its members act as co-guarantors of repayment and support one another's efforts at economic self-advancement.[15]
In the late 1980s, Grameen started to diversify by attending to underutilized fishing ponds and irrigation pumps like deep tube wells.[24] In 1989, these diversified interests started growing into separate organizations. The fisheries project became Grameen Motsho ("Grameen Fisheries Foundation") and the irrigation project became Grameen Krishi ("Grameen Agriculture Foundation").[24] In time, the Grameen initiative grew into a multi-faceted group of profitable and non-profit ventures, including major projects like Grameen Trust and Grameen Fund, which runs equity projects like Grameen Software Limited, Grameen CyberNet Limited, and Grameen Knitwear Limited,[25] as well as Grameen Telecom, which has a stake in Grameenphone (GP), the biggest private phone company in Bangladesh.[26] From its start in March 1997 to 2007, GP's Village Phone (Polli Phone) project had brought cell-phone ownership to 260,000 rural poor in over 50,000 villages.[27]
The success of the Grameen microfinance model inspired similar efforts in about 100 developing countries and even in developed countries including the United States.[28] Many microcredit projects retain Grameen's emphasis of lending to women. More than 94% of Grameen loans have gone to women, who suffer disproportionately from poverty and who are more likely than men to devote their earnings to their families.[29]
For his work with Grameen, Yunus was named an Ashoka: Innovators for the Public Global Academy Member in 2001.[30] In the book[31] Grameen Social Business Model, [4] Rashidul Bari shows how Grameen's social business model (GSBM)- has gone from being theory to an inspiring practice adopted by leading universities (e.g., Glasgow), entrepreneurs (e.g., Franck Riboud) and corporations (e.g., Danone) across the globe. Through Grameen Bank, Rashidul Bari claims [5] that Yunus demonstrated how Grameen Social Business Model can harness the entrepreneurial spirit to empower poor women and alleviate their poverty. One conclusion from Yunus' concepts is that the poor are like a "bonsai tree", and they can do big things if they get access to the social business that holds potential to empower them to become self-sufficient.
Yunus was awarded the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize, along with Grameen Bank, for their efforts to create economic and social development. In the prize announcement The Norwegian Nobel Committee mentioned:[2]
Muhammad Yunus has shown himself to be a leader who has managed to translate visions into practical action for the benefit of millions of people, not only in Bangladesh, but also in many other countries. Loans to poor people without any financial security had appeared to be an impossible idea. From modest beginnings three decades ago, Yunus has, first and foremost through Grameen Bank, developed micro-credit into an ever more important instrument in the struggle against poverty.
Yunus was the first Bangladeshi to ever get a Nobel Prize. After receiving the news of the important award, Yunus announced that he would use part of his share of the $1.4 million award money to create a company to make low-cost, high-nutrition food for the poor; while the rest would go toward setting up an eye hospital for the poor in Bangladesh.[32]
Former U.S. president Bill Clinton was a vocal advocate for the awarding of the Nobel Prize to Yunus. He expressed this in Rolling Stone magazine[33] as well as in his autobiography My Life.[34] In a speech given at University of California, Berkeley in 2002, President Clinton described Yunus as "a man who long ago should have won the Nobel Prize [and] I'll keep saying that until they finally give it to him."[35] Conversely, The Economist stated explicitly that Yunus was a poor choice for the award, stating: "...the Nobel committee could have made a braver, more difficult, choice by declaring that there would be no recipient at all."[36]
He is one of only seven persons to have won the Nobel Peace Prize, Presidential Medal of Freedom,[37] and the Congressional Gold Medal.[38] Other notable awards include the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1984,[39] the World Food Prize,[40] the International Simon Bolivar Prize (1996),[41] the Prince of Asturias Award for Concord[42] and the Sydney Peace Prize in 1998,[43] and the Seoul Peace Prize in 2006. Additionally, Yunus has been awarded 50 honorary doctorate degrees from universities across 20 countries, and 113 international awards from 26 different countries including state honours from 10 countries.[44] Bangladesh government brought out a commemorative stamp to honour his Nobel Award.[45]
Yunus was named by Fortune Magazine in March 2012 as one of 12 greatest entrepreneurs of the current era.[46] In its citation, Fortune Magazine said ″Yunus' idea inspired countless numbers of young people to devote themselves to social causes all over the world.″
In January 2012, Yunus featured in "Transformative Entrepreneurs: How Walt Disney, Steve Jobs, Muhammad Yunus and Other Innovators Succeeded" a book by Jeffrey HarrisTemplate:Disambiguation needed.[47]
Yunus was named "Nobel-Laureate-in-Residence" at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia) on 15 July 2011.[48]
Yunus delivered the Seventh Nelson Mandela Annual Lecture.[49]
In January 2008, Houston, Texas declared 14 January as "Muhammad Yunus Day".[50]
On 15 May 2010, Yunus gave the commencement speech at Rice University for the graduating class of 2010. On 16 May 2010, Yunus gave the commencement speech at Duke University for the graduating class of 2010. During this ceremony, he was also awarded an honorary degree, Doctor of Humane Letters.
Yunus was invited and gave the Wharton School of Business commencement address on 17 May 2009,[51] the MIT commencement address on 6 June 2008,[52] Adam Smith Lecture at Glasgow University on 1 December 2008[53] and Oxford's Romanes Lecture on 2 December 2008.[54]
He received the Dwight D. Eisenhower Medal for Leadership and Service from the Eisenhower Fellowships at a ceremony in Philadelphia on 21 May 2009. He was also voted 2nd in Prospect Magazine's 2008 global poll of the world's top 100 intellectuals.[55]
Yunus was named among the most desired thinkers the world should listen to by the FP 100 (world's most influential elite) in the December 2009 issue of Foreign Policy magazine.[56] On 1 March 2010, Yunus was awarded the prestigious Presidential Award from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. This is the highest honour available from the University.
A documentary on Yunus' work titled To Catch a Dollar was shown at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival and is due to be released in theatres in the US on September 2010.
In 2010, The British Magazine New Statesman listed Yunus at 40th in the list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures 2010".[57]
In October 2010, He received the Social Entrepreneur of the Year Award at The Asian Awards.[58]
On 22 September 2011 the documentary film, Bonsai People – The Vision of Muhammad Yunus, the first documentary film that looks his full body of work from microcredit to social business, premiered at the United Nations.
Yunus received 50 honorary doctorate degrees from universities from Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Costa Rica, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Malaysia, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, UK, USA and Peru.[59]
United Nations Secretary General, Ban Ki-Moon, invited Yunus to serve as an MDG Advocate. Yunus sits on the Board of United Nations Foundation, Schwab Foundation, Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, Grameen Credit Agricole Microcredit Foundation. He has been a member of Fondation Chirac's honour committee,[60] ever since the foundation was launched in 2008 by former French president Jacques Chirac in order to promote world peace.
Yunus has appeared on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and The Oprah Winfrey Show in 2006, The Colbert Report in 2008, Real Time with Bill Maher in 2009 and The Simpsons in 2010. On Google+, Yunus is one of the most followed person worldwide, with over 1.7 million followers.[61]
In 2012 Yunus was installed as Chancellor of Glasgow Caledonian University.[62] U.S House and Senate leaders held a ceremony to present Yunus with the Congressional Gold Medal on April 17, 2013 in Washington, D.C for his contributions to the fight against global poverty.[63]
The Congressional Gold Medal is the highest civilian honor bestowed by the United States Congress. At the ceremony, which you can watch on YouTube, Sen. Dick Durbin (D-IL) explained why Yunus is such a visionary: "It's been said that almost anyone can make something complicated. It takes a genius to make something simple. My friends, make no mistake; Muhammad Yunus is a genius." The gold medal was awarded to Yunus with the 111th Congress Public Law 253.[38]
Political activity
In early 2006 Yunus, along with other members of the civil society including Professor Rehman Sobhan, Justice Muhammad Habibur Rahman, Dr Kamal Hossain, Matiur Rahman, Mahfuz Anam and Debapriya Bhattchariya, participated in a campaign for honest and clean candidates in national elections.[64] He considered entering politics in the later part of that year.[65] On 11 February 2007, Yunus wrote an open letter, published in the Bangladeshi newspaper Daily Star, where he asked citizens for views on his plan to float a political party to establish political goodwill, proper leadership and good governance. In the letter, he called on everyone to briefly outline how he should go about the task and how they can contribute to it.[66] Yunus finally announced that he is willing to launch a political party tentatively called Citizens' Power (Nagorik Shakti) on 18 February 2007.[67][68] There was speculation that the army supported a move by Yunus into politics.[69] On 3 May, however, Yunus declared that he had decided to abandon his political plans following a meeting with the head of the interim government, Fakhruddin Ahmed.[70]
In July 2007 in Johannesburg, South Africa, Nelson Mandela, Graça Machel and Desmond Tutu convened a group of world leaders "to contribute their wisdom, independent leadership and integrity to tackle some of the world's toughest problems."[71] Nelson Mandela announced the formation of this new group, The Elders, in a speech he delivered on the occasion of his 89th birthday.[72] Yunus attended the launch of the group and was one of its founding members. He stepped down as an Elder in September 2009, stating that he was unable to do justice to his membership due to the demands of his work.[73]
Yunus is a member of the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report, that outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2012, the Africa Progress Report highlighted issues of Jobs, Justice, and Equity.[74] The 2013 report will outline issues relating to oil, gas, and mining in Africa.
In July 2009, Yunus became a member of the SNV Netherlands Development Organisation International Advisory Board to support the organisation's poverty reduction work.[75]
Since 2010, Yunus has served as a Commissioner for the Broadband Commission for Digital Development, a UN initiative which seeks to use broadband internet services to accelerate social and economic development.[76]
He also serves on the advisory board of the Holcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction, a foundation supporting initiatives that combine sustainable construction solutions with architectural excellence.[77]
In 2011, Yunus was part of the Jury which chose the universal Logo for Human Rights. Its goal was to create an internationally recognised logo to support the global human rights movement.[78]
Since late November 2010, several allegations have been made against Yunus. They started with a critique of microcredit and blame of Grameen Bank on several points in the documentary "Caught in Micro Debt"[79] on Norwegian television on 30 November 2010.[80] This developed at a time when larger questions were being raised about the benefits of microfinance and its effects on poverty alleviation, particularly in regards to several microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India[81] and Mexico.[82]
The allegations against Yunus became political when the government of Bangladesh – led by[83] Sheikh Hasina Wajed turned against him and the concept of microfinance, accusing it of "sucking blood from the poor".[84] Wajed reportedly viewed Yunus as a political rival since Yunus considered creating a political party in 2007.[85] – In the book Grameen Social Business Model,[86] Rashidul Bari explained the political vendetta in Bangladesh by Sheikh Hasina against Yunus[87] as a replay of the conflict between Pope Urban VIII and Galileo Galilei.[88][89]
"Pope Urban VIII put 70-year-old Galileo in prison in 1632 for condemning and rejecting Ptolemy's geocentric model, which was adopted by the early Christian Church. In the same spirit, Sheikh Hasina who labeled Yunus as a "blood sucker of poor people[90]"—unleashed her propaganda machine (e.g., AMA Muhith) to remove Yunus from Grameen—and used the High Court and Supreme Court to justify her decision. Why did Pope Urban VIII insult the Father of Astronomy? Because Galileo rejected the accepted Christian Church view, that the earth is the center of the universe, and that all other celestial objects orbit around it.[91]
The Government announced a review of Grameen Bank activities on 11 January 2011,[92] which is ongoing. In February, several international leaders, such as Mary Robinson, stepped up their defence of Yunus through a number of efforts, including the founding of a formal network of supporters known as "Friends of Grameen".[93]
On 15 February 2011, the Finance Minister of Bangladesh, Abul Maal Abdul Muhith, declared that Yunus should "stay away" from Grameen Bank while it is being investigated.[94] On 2 March 2011, Muzammel Huq – a former Bank employee, whom the government had appointed Chairman in January[95] – announced that Yunus had been fired as Managing Director of the Bank.[96] However, Bank General Manager Jannat-E Quanine issued a statement that Yunus was "continuing in his office" pending review of the legal issues surrounding the controversy .[97]
In March 2011, Yunus petitioned the Bangladesh High Court challenging the legality of the decision by the Bangladeshi Central Bank to remove him as Managing Director of Grameen Bank.[98] The same day, nine elected directors of Grameen Bank filed a second petition.[99] Following Hillary Clinton, John Kerry expressed his support to Yunus in a statement on 5 March 2011 and declared that he was "deeply concerned" by this affair. The same day in Bangladesh, thousands of people protested and formed human chains to support Yunus.[100] The High Court hearing on the petitions, was planned for 6 March 2011 but postponed. On 8 March 2011, the Court confirmed Yunus's dismissal.[101]
Allegations of embezzlement
A Danish documentary, Caught in Micro Debt,[79] produced and directed by journalist Tom Heinemann, aired on Norwegian national television NRK in November 2010. It made a number of allegations against Yunus and Grameen Bank. Those allegations were disproved by later inquiries. The documentary falsely accused Yunus and Grameen Bank of diverting 7 billion taka (about 100 million dollars) given by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) from Grameen Bank to another organisation called Grameen Kalyan in 1996. This allegation was widely spread in the Bangladeshi electronic media in December 2010.[102] On 6 December, NORAD published a statement[103] clearing Yunus and the Bank from any wrongdoing on this point, following a comprehensive review of NORAD's support commissioned by the Minister of International Development.
However, the allegations quickly spread through the Bangladesh media. Leading Bangladeshi economist Rehman Sobhan stated "Rather than first seeking clarification and response from Grameen Bank as to the validity of the TV program, some sections of the media and society pounced on it with unseemly enthusiasm, using it as an opportunity to cite wrongdoing in a widely respected organization." Yunus asked for consistent and transparent investigations on these matters.[104] Canadian author and social worker of Bangladeshi origin Reza Sattar has written about Yunus involvement in microcredit loan conspiracy and how it has affected the economy of Bangladesh in his book - Siege Nobel Foundation.[105]
Accusation of 'loan sharking' and effectiveness of microfinance
The allegations against Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank were made in a context where some people began to question the effectiveness of microfinance, prompted by the actions of some for-profit microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India[106] and Mexico.[107] Coercion, peer pressure and physical harassment were reportedly used as loan repayment practices in some specific MFIs.[108] Commercialization of microcredit[109] prompted Yunus to state that he "never imagined that one day microcredit would give rise to its own breed of loan sharks."[110]
The lure of profits attracted some for-profit MFIs to hold initial public offerings (IPOs), including the largest Indian MFI, SKS Microfinance, which held an IPO in July 2010.[111] In September 2010, Yunus criticized the IPO; in a debate with SKS founder Vikram Akula during the Clinton Global Initiative meeting,[112] he said, "Microcredit is not about exciting people to make money off the poor. That's what you're doing. That's the wrong message completely." Calculations of actual interest rate vary, but one estimate puts average Grameen rates at about a 23% interest rate.[113] At the same time the organization enjoyed a tax-free status for a period of several years which now has been removed.[114]
Sympathizers of Yunus allege that the government of Bangladesh is exploiting this "moral crisis around microcredit" to oust Yunus.[115]
Political motivations behind the allegations
Though Grameen Bank was quickly cleared by the Norwegian government of all allegations surrounding misused or misappropriated funds in December 2010, in March 2011 the Bangladeshi government launched a three-month investigation of all Grameen Bank's activities.[116] This inquiry prevented Muhammad Yunus from participating in the World Economic Forum.[117]
In January 2011, Yunus appeared in court in a defamation case filed by a local politician from a minor left-leaning party in 2007, complaining about a statement that Yunus made to the AFP news agency, "Politicians in Bangladesh only work for power. There is no ideology here".[118] At the hearing, Yunus was granted bail and exempted from personal appearance at subsequent hearings.[119]
These investigations fueled suspicion that many attacks might be politically motivated,[120] due to difficult relations between Sheikh Hasina and Yunus since early 2007, when Yunus created his own political party, an effort he dropped in May 2007.[121]
Transition to new management
At 72 years old, he was 12 years beyond the legal retirement age for civil servants in Bangladesh in 2011.[122] Government spokespersons called for Yunus to step down and declared, "We need to redefine the bank's role and bring it under closer regulation."[123]
The government as chairman Muzammel Huq, himself a foundational figure of the Grameen Bank and one of senior managers together with Yunus of GB Research and Operations until the early 2000s.[95] He has publicly criticised Yunus, saying, "I think he is a good man with a small heart ... He cannot give credit to anyone but himself".
Allegations involving partners: the food case and the phone case
On 27 January 2011, Yunus appeared in court in a food-adulteration case filed by the Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) Food Safety Court, accusing him of producing an "adulterated" yogurt[124] whose fat content was below the legal minimum. This yogurt is produced by Grameen Danone, a social business joint venture between Grameen Bank and Danone that aims to provide opportunities for street vendors who sell the yogurt and to improve child nutrition with the nutrient-fortified yogurt. According to Yunus's lawyer, the allegations are "false and baseless".[125] At the request of Yunus's lawyers, pointing procedural irregularities and errors, this case is now considered by the High Court.
On 15 February 2011, Yunus was summoned by a court in Pabna (in North Bangladesh) to appear on 18 April in a fraud case involving Grameen Phone.[126] This case concerns a Grameen village phone user, who received overdue bills although she had paid the bills regularly.
Investigation by an 2012 independent public commission examining the Grameen Bank assert that Yunus misrepresented his authority and abused his powers during his tenure in management. The report establishes that legal challenges exist for authority of the Grameen Bank to have acted as guarantor and to have forwarded credit to independent private enterprises during Dr. Yunus's tenure. The report raised specific questions relating to a) establishment and financing of GrameenPhone, a for-profit telecommunications entity initially established as a trust for the Grameen Bank borrowers together with Norwegian government owned multinational Telenor by Dr Yunus, and b) simultaneous management and operational financing of private enterprises established by Dr Yunus applying resources of the Grameen Bank. The commission also examined the legal status of the Grameen Bank and concluded that it was de jure public i.e. government entity, of which incompetent oversight by the state and (potentially unwitting) misrepresentation by Dr. Yunus in past resulted in the popular perception of the private ownership. The commission report refers to obstruction of commission investigations by current Grameen Bank management, representatives of Telenor, the Government of Bangladesh, and by partisans of Dr. Yunus. Full implications of the report are thus far not closely examined in either state-controlled elements of Bangladeshi media, or by pro-Yunus press releases, where these implicate Dr Yunus as at least accessory to corruption at the nexus of the Bangladeshi public-commercial establishment, in collusion with other parties. See Grameen Bank Commission report http://www.mof.gov.bd/en/budget/gb/Grameen_Bank_Interim_Report.pdf.
Criticism of Ideas
Microfinance has been criticized in the foreign media also. The Guardian (UK) asked whether microfinance was a 'neoliberal fairytale'. Since lending is focused on individuals. The article pointed out criticisms including that most loans are not used to create small businesses, but instead 'consumption smoothing'.[127]
Yunus' much promoted ideas on "Social Business" has been called 'corporate camouflage' by AntiCSR. The website alleges that there is no real criteria to be a 'social business' other than to claim to help people. Many firms claim to be a Social Business to achieve a quasi-charity status. Yunus describes a Social Business as a 'non-dividend company'. However, the owners and managers can take much operating funds (such as salary and fees) out of the company while it remains 'non-dividend'. AntiCSR states the features that define a 'social business' are vague and subjective.[128]
Personal life
In 1967, while Yunus attended Vanderbilt University, he met Vera Forostenko, a student of Russian literature at Vanderbilt University and daughter of Russian immigrants to Trenton, New Jersey, US. They were married in 1970.[11][14] Yunus's marriage with Vera ended within months of the birth of their baby girl, Monica Yunus (born 1979 Chittagong), as Vera returned to New Jersey claiming that Bangladesh was not a good place to raise a baby.[11][14] Yunus later married Afrozi Yunus, who was then a researcher in physics at Manchester University.[14] She was later appointed as a professor of physics at Jahangirnagar University. Their daughter Deena Afroz Yunus was born in 1986.[14]
Yunus's brothers are also active in academia. His brother Muhammad Ibrahim is a professor of physics at Dhaka University and the founder of The Center for Mass Education in Science (CMES), which brings science education to adolescent girls in villages.[129] His younger brother Muhammad Jahangir is a popular television presenter and a well known social activist in Bangladesh. He is also the moderator of several Talk show programmes in Bangladesh. Monica Yunus, his elder daughter, is a Bangladeshi-Russian American operatic soprano, working in New York City.[130]
- Three Farmers of Jobra; Department of Economics, Chittagong University; 1974
- Planning in Bangladesh: Format, Technique, and Priority, and Other Essays; Rural Studies Project, Department of Economics, Chittagong University; 1976
- Jorimon and Others: Faces of Poverty (co-authors: Saiyada Manajurula Isalama, Arifa Rahman); Grameen Bank; 1991
- Grameen Bank, as I See it; Grameen Bank; 1994
- Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle Against World Poverty; Public Affairs; 2003; ISBN 978-1-58648-198-8
- Creating a World without Poverty: Social Business and the Future of Capitalism; Public Affairs; 2008; ISBN 978-1-58648-493-4
- Building Social Business: The New Kind of Capitalism that Serves Humanity's Most Pressing Needs[131] ; Public Affairs; 2010; ISBN 978-1-58648-824-6
Legacy and honours
- In 2006, awarded Nobel Peace Prize for his finance work.
- Chosen by Wharton School of Business in Philadelphia as one of The 25 Most Influential Business Persons of the Past 25 Years, covered in a PBS documentary.[132]
- In 2006, Time magazine ranked him as one of the top 12 business leaders, including him among "60 years of Asian Heroes."[133]
- In 2008, Yunus was voted 2nd on the list of Top 100 Public Intellectuals in an open online poll conducted by Prospect Magazine (UK) and Foreign Policy (United States).[134]
- In 2009, Yunus was awarded the Golden Biatec Award, the highest award bestowed by Slovakia's Informal Economic Forum Economic Club, for individuals who exhibit economic, social, scientific, educational and cultural accomplishments in the Slovak Republic.[135]
See also
- Yunus Centre
- Fazle Hasan Abed
- Islamic banking
- Yunus Social Business - Global Initiatives
- Fazlur Rahman Khan
- Jawed Karim
- Salman Khan (educator)
- ^ "List of Independence Awardees". Cabinet Division, Government of People's Republic of Bangladesh. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
- ^ a b "The Nobel Peace Prize for 2006". NobelPrize.org. 13 October 2006. Retrieved 13 October 2006.
- ^ "House and Senate Leaders Announce Gold Medal Ceremony for Professor Muhammad Yunus", Press Release, US Congress
- ^ FP Top 100 Global Thinkers
- ^ "Muhammad Yunus accepts Glasgow Caledonian University post". BBC News. 1 July 2012.
- ^ Early day motion 417 – MUHAMMAD YUNUS CHANCELLOR OF GLASGOW CALEDONIAN UNIVERSITY – UK Parliament
- ^ United Nations Foundation, additional text.
- ^ Polgreen, Lydia; Bajaj, Vikas (2 March 2011). "Microcredit Pioneer Ousted, Head of Bangladeshi Bank Says". The New York Times.
- ^ "About Dr. Yunus :: Family". MuhammadYunus.ORG. Archived from the original on 16 April 2008. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
- ^ a b First loan he gave was $27 from own pocket, The Daily Star, 2006-10-14, Front page, Retrieved: 22 August 2007
- ^ a b c d e f Mhammad Yunus: The triumph of idealism, New Age Special, The New Age, 1 January 2007; Retrieved: 11 September 2007
- ^ a b c d e f g h Yunus, Muhammad (14 October 2003). গিরেবর উপকাের লােগ োদেখ বਗ਼ োলাক অামােদর বઘাংেক টাকা জমা রাখেত এিগেয় এেসেছ ড় মઓহামઅদ ইউনકস. Printed interview in Bengali with Rahman, Matiur. The daily Prothom Alo. Dhaka. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
- ^ Yunus to receive Nichols-Chancellor's Medal, Vanderbilt News, 12 March 2007; Retrieved: 9 September 2007
- ^ a b c d e Yunus, Muhammad; Jolis, Alan. Banker to the Poor: micro-lending and the battle against world poverty. New York: PublicAffairs hc. pp. 20–29. ISBN 978-1-58648-198-8.
- ^ a b "Ramon Magsaysay Award Citation". Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation. 1984. Retrieved 17 August 2007.[dead link]
- ^ BANGLADESH: Country of Origin Information Report, Country of Origin Information Service, Border & Immigration Agency, 15 June 2007; Retrieved: 9 September 2007
- ^ "The Info Ladies of Bangladesh: The women who bring the web on wheels to thousands in country's remotest villages". Daily Mail (London). 2 November 2012.
- ^ http://www.asafeworldforwomen.org/global-news/asia/bangladesh/3284-internet-info-ladies.html
- ^ http://amaderkotha.com.bd/2012/11/08/info-ladies-riding-internet-into-rural-bangladesh
- ^ "Profile: 'World banker to the poor'". BBC. 13 October 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2006.
- ^ Yunus, Muhammad; Jolis, Alan. Banker to the Poor: micro-lending and the battle against world poverty. New York: PublicAffairs hc. pp. 46–49. ISBN 978-1-58648-198-8.
- ^ Yousaf, Nasim (17 October 2006). "7th Death Anniversary – A Tribute to Dr. Akhter Hameed Khan". Statesman. Retrieved 20 August 2007.
- ^ "GB at a glance", Muhammad Yunus, Grameen Info; Retrieved: 9 September 2007
- ^ a b Introduction, Muhammad Yunus, Grameen Family; Retrieved: 7 September 2007
- ^ "Grameen Fund ventures on Grameen official website". Grameen-info.org. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 14 September 2009.
- ^ "About Grameenphone". Grameenphone. 16 November 2006. Retrieved 22 August 2007.
Grameenphone is now the leading telecommunications service provider in the country with more than 10 million subscribers as of November 2006.[dead link]
- ^ "Village Phone". About Grameenphone. Grameenphone. 2006. Retrieved 22 August 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Grameen Bank, a Nobel-winning concept, The Hindu, 23 October 2006; Retrieved: 9 September 2007
- ^ Yunus, Muhammad (25 March 1997). World in Focus: Interview with Prof. Muhammad Yunus. Transcript of broadcast interview with Negus, George. Foreign Correspondent; ABC online. Retrieved 22 August 2007.
- ^ "Muhammad Yunus, Ashoka's Global Academy Member, Wins Nobel Peace Prize". Ashoka.org. 13 October 2006. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Yunus wins peace Nobel for anti-poverty efforts". Associated Press. 13 October 2006. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
- ^ Boulden, Jim (29 March 2001). "The birth of micro credit". Europe/Business (CNN). Retrieved 19 August 2007.
- ^ Clinton, Bill (2004). My Life: The Presidential Years. New York, Knopf.: Vintage Books. p. 329. ISBN 0-375-41457-6.
Muhammad Yunus should have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics years ago.
- ^ Ainsworth, Diane (29 January 2002). "Transcript of the Jan. 29, 2002 talk by former President Bill Clinton at the University of California, Berkeley". Clinton: education, economic development key to building a peaceful, global village. UC Regents. Retrieved 22 August 2007.
- ^ "Losing Its Lustre". Economist. 13 October 2006. Retrieved 28 June 2008.
- ^ "President Obama Names Medal of Freedom Recipients", White House Office of the Press Secretary, 30 July 2009
- ^ a b http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-111publ253/pdf/PLAW-111publ253.pdf
- ^ Ramon Magsaysay Award, 1984: Citation for Muhammad Yunus; Retrieved: 1 September 2007
- ^ "Dr. Muhammad Yunus – 1994 World Food Prize Laureate". WorldFoodPrize.org. Retrieved 29 August 2007.
- ^ "MUHAMMAD YUNUS RECEIVES 1996 INTERNATIONAL SIMON BOLIVAR PRIZE AT UNESCO". Unesco.org. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ "Nicolás Castellanos, Vicente Ferrer, Joaquín Sanz Gadea and Muhammad Yunus, 1998 Prince of Asturias Award for Concord". Fpa.es. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ "1998 Professor Muhammed Yunus". Sydney Peace Foundation. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ Lists of his awards are found at Yunus Centre website[dead link], his personal website, and his profile at Bangladesh News website.
- ^ Sydney Peace Prize recipients, Sydney Peace Prize Foundation website; Retrieved: 9 September 2007
- ^ "The 12 greatest entrepreneurs of our time". CNN.
- ^ "Transformative Entrepreneurs: How Walt Disney, Steve Jobs, Muhammad Yunus, and Other Innovators Succeeded (9780230340268): Jeffrey A. Harris: Books". Amazon.com. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ "Yunus Centre: Professor Yunus urges young Malaysians to solve society's problems with their own creativity". Muhammadyunus.org. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ "Seventh Nelson Mandela Annual Lecture address – Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory". Nelsonmandela.org. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ Staff Correspondent, Houston mayor declares 14 January "Yunus Day", 16 January 2008; Retrieved: 16 January 2008
- ^ "Professor Muhammad Yunus' Commencement Speech". Grameensocialbusiness.org. 17 May 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ "Yunus Speaks About Capitalism, Poverty, and the Future of 'Social Business'" – The Tech, Volume 128, Issue 28 : Friday, 13 June 2008
- ^ "Yunus Centre :: Adam Smith Lecture at Glasgow University". Muhammadyunus.org. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ Prospect Magazine Home Page http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/
- ^ 2009-11-30. "The Wisdom of the Smart Crowd", Foreign Policy.com Retrieved 30 November 2009.
- ^ "50 People Who Matter 2010". Retrieved 2 November 2010.
- ^ List of Winners of 2010 Asian Awards [3].
- ^ Md .Rubaet Hossain 1 April 2011 (1 April 2011). "Yunus Centre :: Honorary Degrees". Muhammadyunus.org. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ Fondation Chirac's honour committee
- ^ "Muhammad Yunus Google+ Statistics". Socialstatistics.com. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ Muhammad Yunus accepts Glasgow Caledonian University post
- ^ "U.S Congress Presents Gold Medal To Professor Muhammad Yunus". Speaker Boehner Press Office. 17 April 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
- ^ "Parliament with honest, efficient must for development". The New Nation. 21 March 2006. Retrieved 22 August 2007.
- ^ Staff Correspondent (18 October 2006). "Yunus not willing to be caretaker chief". The Daily Star. Vol 5 Num 853. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
- ^ Staff Correspondent (12 February 2007). "Yunus seeks people's views on floating political party". The Daily Star. Vol 5 Num 961. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
- ^ Siddique, Islam (18 February 2007). "Bangladesh Nobel Laureate Announces His Political Party's Name". AHN. 7006502326. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
- ^ Staff Reporter (12 February 2007). "'I will do politics of unity': Yunus names his party Nagorik Shakti". The New Nation. 34138. Retrieved 18 August 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Mustafa, Sabir (5 April 2007). "Bangladesh at a crossroads". BBC. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
At first glance, the current state of Bangladesh appears to be a paradox : a country under a state of emergency, but where the general public seem quite content.
- ^ "Yunus drops plans to enter politics". Al Jazeera. 18 February 2007. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
- ^ "Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu announce The Elders". TheElders.org. 18 July 2007. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ "Mandela joins 'Elders' on turning 89". MSNBC. Associated Press. 20 July 2007. 19836050. Retrieved 24 August 2007.
- ^ "Muhammad Yunus steps down". TheElders.org. 21 September 2009. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ http://africaprogresspanel.org/en/publications/annual-reports/annual-report-2012/
- ^ "SNV Netherlands Development Organisation establishes International Advisory Board". Snvworld.org. 8 July 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2011.[dead link]
- ^ "Commissionners". Broadbandcommission.org. Retrieved 12 March 2011.[dead link]
- ^ Holcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction
- ^ http://www.humanrightslogo.com
- ^ a b "New Film: "Caught in Micro debt"". flipthecoin.org. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ Hafez Ahmed (13 December 2010). "Prof Yunus makes a strong defence of GB 'fund transfer'". Thefinancialexpress-bd.com. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ "SKS IPO Opens Today, Reactions Mixed". Microfinance Insights. 28 July 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ Epstein, Keith (13 December 2007). "Compartamos: From Nonprofit to Profit". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ "Fool Minister Hasina". Global Politician. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ Hafez Ahmed (6 December 2010). "Fund transfer allegation against Prof Yunus needs inquiry: PM". Thefinancialexpress-bd.com. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ "/ UK – Yunus considers new Bangladesh party". Financial Times. 12 February 2007. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ Bari, Rashidul. "The Revolution Has Begun in Bangladesh". Asian Tribune. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ "Saint Yunus". Global Politician. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ "Muhammad Yunus : the saint / Rashidul Bari". Newarrivals.nlb.gov.sg. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ "A Closer look at Right and Wrong Islam". Globalpolitician.com. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ "The Death of Tareque Masud and the Trial of Shajahan Khan". Global Politician. 13 August 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
- ^ "Fool Minister Hasina". Global Politician. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
- ^ "Nobel-winning microcredit bank comes under scrutiny – CNN". CNN. 14 January 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ "Huge support for Yunus". Thedailystar.net. 18 February 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ "AFP: Bangladesh Nobel winner Yunus should 'stay away'". Google. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ a b Polgreen, Lydia (29 January 2011). "Bangladesh Inspects Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus". The New York Times.
- ^ "Bangladesh Trying To Fire Muhammad Yunus, Nobel Laureate, From Microlender Grameen". Huffington Post. 2 March 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ http://grameen.com/dmdocuments/Statement/Statement_of_GB_English.gif
- ^ "Yunus files writ petition against his removal | Bangladesh". bdnews24.com. 3 March 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ "Another writ petition filed challenging govt decision". Thedailystar.net. 3 March 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ "Thousands in Bangladesh protest at Yunus sacking". thewest.com.au. 5 March 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2011.[dead link]
- ^ 8 March 2011, 03.02 pm IST,AFP (23 July 2010). "Bangladesh judge confirms Yunus sacking – The Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 9 March 2011.[dead link]
- ^ "EXCLUSIVEYunus 'siphoned Tk 7bn aid for poor' | Bangladesh". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ "Report on Norwegian assistance to Grameen Bank". regjeringen.no. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ Rehman Sobhan (17 December 2010). "Honouring ourselves". Thedailystar.net. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ http://www.amazon.com/Seize-Noble-Foundation-Reza-Sattar/dp/1502371847/
- ^ "SKS IPO Opens Today, Reactions Mixed". Microfinance Insights. 28 July 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ Epstein, Keith (13 December 2007). "Compartamos: From Nonprofit to Profit". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ "Nagaland News | Current News | Latest News | Breaking News – The need for a balanced development policy". The Morung Express. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ "Profit-focused MFIs are loan sharks: Yunus – Times Of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 21 February 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ "Yunus Centre :: Sacrificing Microcredit for Megaprofits". Muhammadyunus.org. Retrieved 10 March 2011.[dead link]
- ^ "SKS Launches India's First Microfinance IPO – ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. 28 July 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ Bahree, Megha (11 October 2010). "A Big Split Over Microfinance". Forbes. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ http://www.cgdev.org/blog/quick-whats-grameen-banks-interest-rate. Missing or empty
- ^ http://mises.org/daily/2375
- ^ Jacques FONTAINE (3 February 2011). "Désirs d'Afrique: Haro sur le " banquier des pauvres "". Desirsdafrique.blogspot.com. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ "Nobel-winning microcredit bank comes under scrutiny – CNN". CNN. 14 January 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ "Social Entrepreneurs Impact World Leaders – Social Entrepreneurs". Forumblog.org. 25 January 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ Hafez Ahmed. "Prof Yunus appears in court today". Newstoday.com.bd. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ "Grameen's Muhammad Yunus in court for defamation case". BBC. 18 January 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ Jason Burke (21 February 2011). "Microfinance guru Muhammad Yunus faces removal from Grameen Bank". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ "Yunus drops plans to enter politics – Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera English. 3 May 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ "Yunus beyond legal age limit". Thedailystar.net. 1 March 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
- ^ "Blog Archive » Dr Yunus survives attempt to oust him". News BNN. 28 February 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
- ^ Farid Ahmed (28 January 2011). "Bangladeshi Nobel laureate faces fresh legal trouble at home". CNN. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
- ^ "Contaminated yoghurt lands Yunus in dock". Deccan Chronicle. 28 January 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
- ^ "Yunus sued over Palli Phone bill". Thedailystar.net. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
- ^ "Is microfinance a neoliberal fairytale?". The Guardian. 9 March 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ "Social Business". AntiCSR. November 2014. Retrieved January 2015.
- ^ Center for Mass Education in Science (CMES) – Bangladesh, Human Resource Development Recommendations, International Labour Organization; Retrieved: 27 August 2007
- ^ "Monica Yunus, Soprano". Biography. VoxPagel.com. Archived from the original (ASP) on 27 January 2007. Retrieved 2 September 2007.
- ^ "Book Name According To Person's Website".
- ^ More Shorts. "Nightly Business Report | Watch Online | PBS Video". Pbs.org. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ "Asian Heroes: Muhammad Yunus - TIME". Time Magazine. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
- ^ "Intellectuals". Prospectmagazine.co.uk. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/more.php?news_id=114540&date=2010-10-13
Further reading
- David Bornstein; The Price of a Dream: The Story of the Grameen Bank and the Idea That Is; Simon & Schuster; 1996; ISBN 0-684-81191-X
External links
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: Muhammad Yunus
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Muhammad Yunus.
- Official website
- Muhammad Yunus on Facebook
- Muhammad Yunus biography at Grameen Bank
- Banker to the Poor 2006 lecture at NobelPrize.org
- Profile and Papers at Research Papers in Economics/RePEc
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Muhammad Yunus at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Muhammad Yunus in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Muhammad Yunus collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Muhammad Yunus collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Muhammad Yunus collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
- Muhammad Yunus at Econlib
- Muhammad Yunus at the Notable Names Database
- Exclusive Interview with Educational Technology Magazine
|Awards and achievements
|Preceded by
He Kang
|World Food Prize
| Succeeded by
Hans R. Herren
|Academic offices
|Preceded by
Gus Macdonald
|Chancellor of Glasgow Caledonian University
| Succeeded by
} ɢʡ


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text:
U.S. Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission
True North Fired One Employee and Demoted Another for Alerting Management To Executive Director's Sexual Harassment, Federal Agency Charged
ST. LOUIS – A Columbia, Mo., shelter for women who have been victims of domestic violence and sexual abuse has agreed to pay $103,000 to settle a lawsuit by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) for unlawful retaliation, the agency announced today. The EEOC had charged that two employees were punished by True North, Inc., formerly known as Comprehensive Human Services, Inc., for reporting sexual harassment by the shelter's executive director.
According to the EEOC's suit, filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Missouri (Civil Action No. 2:10-4216), Nancy Gause and Tracie Lawson, who were co-directors of the shelter at the time, alerted board of directors members that Executive Director Leigh Voltmer had touched staff members inappropriately on several occasions. Voltmer was the highest-ranking employee at the shelter. Gause said she was complaining on behalf of staff members whom she supervised.
Less than two weeks after making the complaint, Gause was terminated and Lawson was demoted and her salary was cut. Both women had received positive feedback regarding their performance during their tenure as employees, but were terminated without warning, allegedly for poor performance. Following the board's actions, other employees came forward and complained about a hostile environment created by Voltmer.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employers from allowing a hostile environment in the workplace. It also protects employees from retaliation based on their complaints about such violations of the law. The EEOC filed suit after first attempting to reach a pre-litigation settlement through its conciliation process.
In addition to making monetary payments to Gause and Lawson, the shelter has agreed to provide training on sexual harassment and retaliation to its employees, post a notice in the facility and report sexual harassment complaints to the EEOC.
"Nancy Gause and Tracie Lawson came forward at great personal risk to report complaints they had received from the shelter's staff," said Barbara A. Seely, regional attorney of the EEOC's St. Louis District. "Comprehensive Human Services is an organization that purports to shield women from abuse. These women should have been supported in reporting sexual harassment, not punished for doing the right thing. The EEOC is committed to fighting retaliation in the workplace."
The EEOC enforces federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. Further information about the EEOC is available on its web site at www.eeoc.gov.


text:
Absolute Java, Volume 1
Pearson/Addison Wesley, 2004 - Computers - 1066 pages
Absolute Java offers complete coverage of the Java programming language. Written by Walt Savitch, one of the most widely read authors in the area of programming, it provides all the tools necessary for experienced and novice programmers to master Java, including thorough coverage of the Java Library, complete and fully executable code throughout, sections highlighting programming tips and common pitfalls, and a logical order of coverage of Java topics in order for students to better understand the language. The book is appropriate for introductory courses covering Java, intermediate programming courses introducing Java to students familiar with another language, or as a reference for students and industry professionals.
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abstract class applet argument array base class binary file Boolean expression BufferedReader button byte-code calling object catch block Chapter class definition class Employee class type clicks compiler ConsoleIn contains copy constructor deep copy defined derived class DiscountSale elements equal error message event-driven programming example exception class exception handling exception is thrown exception object given in Display implements import inner class input instance variable integer interface invoked iterator javadoc JFrame keyboard label lava linked list loop method definition method named mutator methods node null numberUsed outer class output package parameter primitive type public boolean public class public static final public static void public void readLine readLineO recursive recursive call returns false Returns true Self-Test Exercises Serializable static final int static method static variable static void main(String Syntax System.exit(0 throws clause throws IOException try block type double type int value of type vector window


text:
I'm trying to set up SC but it seems to not like me using my public IP. I've set up my router to forward a port to my local IP, given myself a DHCP reservation for that IP, and checked that my local address, internet address, and port numbers are all correct and in agreement on everything I'm using. Here's what works and what doesn't:
Using SC configured with a local IP. Connects nearly immediately.
Port forward testing for both public IP and dynamic-DNS works and pops up a VNC listener error from unknown protocol. This tells me the IP address and port are correct and correctly forwarding.
Not working:
Using my public IP address or a dynamic-dns service address in SC. Sits on establishing connection, times out instead of establishing connection.
Any idea what's happening? Any idea what I might do to resolve this issue?


text:
Software Development
David Wadhwani, VP, Engineering
Macromedia Flex 1.5
This is just what Macromedia's done with its new Flex presentation server. Macromedia Flex is a server component that uses XML code to generate Flash swf user interfaces. Flex contains an extensive library of components, including visual user interface components, data models and remote service controls. The only software required on the client side is a browser with the Flash player installed.
Macromedia is probably the only company with the goodwill and installed base to attempt such a bold reinvention of the Web application. The only thing keeping Flex from exploding from a niche server into a new standard is its steep price. At $12,000 for a two-CPU license, its market penetration is likely to remain limited. Flex's demonstration of the Web's potential, however, is absolutely Jolting.
Chris Minnick
Productivity Award Winners
Contribute 3.0
Anyone who's built a website knows that initial construction is only the beginning; a never-ending stream of changes to the content, as well as occasional changes to the architecture or design, are de rigueur. Every developer eventually looks for ways to offload content changes to the site owner, and the lucky ones find Macromedia's Contribute.
Macromedia has used the strengths of Dreamweaver's underlying engine to create, in Contribute, a tool that allows developers to put site owners in charge of their sites' content. Word, Excel and PowerPoint documents can be embedded into Contribute's pages. User-specific roles can be assigned to prevent problems, and basic site-building capabilities are included, allowing greater control over their sites. Contribute lets developers and users alike focus on what they each do best.
Warren Keuffel
NitroX 2.0
Is it a fertilizer? Rocket fuel? A gas mixture for survival respiration in far climes? For developers using JSP, Java and Struts in Eclipse, NitroX from Cupertino, Calif.–based M7 is all of the aboveand then some.
I especially liked NitroX's thorough integration with Struts and the tool's holistic approach of changing a site rather than just manipulating code files. For example, setting and then triggering a breakpoint in a JSP page lets you drill stepwise down to your custom tags' affected Java code. Any changes you make to upward- and downward-affected code layers are quickly found and accomplished.
Code completion irrespective of language layer, assistance in choosing the right Struts resource for any given context, immediate detection of misnamed resources and multiplatform operation round out this strong time- and effort-saving tool.
Roland Racko
Apache Tomcat 5.0
Tomcat is a no-brainer for meit's the industry's most popular Java Servlet and Java Server Pages (JSP) Web container, and has become the official reference implementation and standard for developing and deploying J2EE Web applications and Web services.
Its improved performance over Tomcat 4.1 comes from extensive tuning of its request pipeline, which significantly reduces memory pressure on the JVM's garbage collector, tag pooling and plug-ins, and a build system based on Ant 1.6. Tomcat is interoperable with most operating systems that are capable of running a Java Virtual Machine (JVM), including Windows, Unix, Linux and others. Tomcat's also interoperable with any JDBC-compliant database, including Oracle, SQL Server, DB2 and others.
What does all this mean? It's now easier than ever to build and deploy apps on Tomcat.
John Lam


text:
View of Sherghati and the Detarrah Hills (Bihar) from the Kacheri Bungalow; a tent, veranda of bungalow and silver stick bearer in foreground. 20 February 1823
Artist: D'Oyly, Sir Charles (1781-1845)
Medium: Pen and ink on paper
Date: 1823
Pen and ink drawing by Sir Charles D'Oyly (1781-1845), of a view of Sherghati and the Detarrah Hills in Bihar, dated 20th February 1823, from an album of 80 drawings of views in Bengal and Bihar taken between January 1823 and May 1825. This image is from the largest group of drawings which consists of sketches made between 26 January and 27 February 1823 during a journey from Calcutta to Gaya (Bihar) along the 'New Military Road'. This road passed through Manbhum district (Bihar) to Hazaribagh (Bihar) and through the hills to the North West to join the present Grand Trunk Road near Sherghati (Gaya district, Bihar). Begun in 1782, it had semaphore signalling towers, built along it in the early years of the 19th century.
D'Oyly arrived in India in 1797 and spent his first few years in Calcutta as Assistant to the Registrar of the Court of Appeal. He was Collector of Dacca from 1808-18 and was made Opium Agent at Patna in 1821. Whilst at Dacca he met the artist George Chinnery and became his pupil from 1808-12. D'Oyly was a prolific amateur artist who was greatly admired by the European community. He set up and ran a lithographic press, 'The Behar Lithography', and also formed an amateur art society the 'United Patna and Gaya Society' or 'Behar School of Athens': 'for the promotion of Arts and Sciences and for the circulation of fun and merriment of all descriptions.'


text:
Stock at local dealer or 10 days order to delivery.
Increased dump height equals better performance in loading applications.
Designed with an increased dump height for better truck loading.
High Dump buckets are designed for putting light materials right where you want them. Handle coal, fertilizer, grain or woodchips; wherever a little extra clearance is needed.


text:
How the story changed ...
Wednesday April 1. Ian Tomlinson, 47, a newspaper vendor, collapses and
dies at the G20 protests. In a statement that night, the Metropolitan police
says that medics were temporarily impeded from helping him as "a number of
missiles - believed to be bottles - were being thrown at them".
Thursday April 2. The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC)
says it will "assess the circumstances".
Friday April 3. A postmortem finds that Tomlinson died of a heart
attack. The Guardian contacts City of London police - tasked with conducting the
investigation into Tomlinson's death on behalf of the IPCC - and says it has
obtained photographs of him lying on the pavement at the feet of riot
Sunday April 5. The Guardian's photographs are published, along with
the testimony of three named witnesses who describe him being hit with a baton
or thrown to the ground by police. The IPCC criticises the Guardian for
upsetting Tomlinson's family. It tells other journalists that there is "nothing
in the story" that he had been assaulted by an officer.
Monday April 6. The IPCC confirms Tomlinson had contact with police. It
continues to "manage" an investigation conducted by City police, some of whose
officers were pictured at the site of Tomlinson's alleged assaults.
Tuesday April 7. At 2am, the Guardian receives video footage that
clearly shows Tomlinson was hit with a baton and pushed to the floor by a riot
officer. That afternoon, it publishes the footage on its website and hands a
dossier of evidence to the IPCC.
Wednesday April 8. The IPCC reverses its decision to allow City police
to investigate the death.
Thursday April 9. The Met suspends the officer shown in the footage; 48
hours on, he has still not been questioned by the IPCC.
Friday April 10. Tomlinson's father says he believes the police acted
with excessive force
The indifference to Tomlinson's death of much of the media, especially the BBC, prior to the wide release of the watershed video comes on the heels of their seeming acceptance of Section 76 of the Terrorism Act, which is being increasingly invoked to ban all photographing of police activity, of officers, of their vehicles, of their buildings, and in spite of this recent protest against the ban outside Scotland Yard headquarters by hundreds of NUJ photographers:
The risk now is that what K-punk describes as the romance of a politics of failure will escalate further, the libidinal investments intensified, with state power more rigidly and obscenely implementing the 'Terrorism Act' against protesters while the reflexively impotent acting-out of the protesters themselves continues serving to postpone their giving up on "the gratification of displaying wounds inflicted by the police as signs of grace, evidence that we are on the side of the Good" while further elevating the spectacle of a 'feelgood simulation of politics' devoid of any direct political organization that acts without the need for recognition or permission from the Big Other.


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The recently-established lobby group Conservative Friends of Russia (CFOR) is doing little to dispel suspicions that its sympathies lie with the Russian government.
Last week it published an article on its website accusing the Chairman of the All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) on Russia, Chris Bryant, of "incompetence" over his failure to hold an annual general meeting at the required time. To accompany the piece, which has now been taken off their site, CFOR selected the snapshot of Mr Bryant in his underwear, originally posted on a gay dating site, which circulated in the tabloids years ago. The relevance of that particular photo to his stewardship of the APPG was not explained.
This most recent episode of sophomoric hackery has induced Honorary Chairman Sir Malcolm Rifkind to resign his post, and Robert Buckland to step down as Honorary Vice President. According to the Telegraph, "A spokesman for Sir Malcolm said he was 'very unhappy' about the article and it was the 'final straw', adding to long-held concerns about the way the group was being run."
Bryant has responded by accusing CFOR of engaging in crude, Kremlin-esque tactics to discredit him and force his resignation as the Chairman of the Russia APPG, and suggested that the group is acting at the behest of the Russian embassy: "I gather the Conservative Friends of Russia have covered themselves in homophobic glory," and "clearly [they] would prefer a Putin patsy to run the all-party group on Russia. Did the Embassy pay for them?" CFOR chairman Richard Royal responded by accusing Bryant of using alleged homophobia as a "smokescreen [to] divert attention from the real issue".
The group's pedantic and vociferous attack on Bryant is an odd departure from the fuzzy aims listed on the group's website: "We welcome anybody with a genuine interest in its [Russia's] history, politics and culture, as well as those who want to learn more and those who want to teach others about what they know. CFOR is politically neutral regarding Russian political parties and candidates, but does seek to encourage open debate on issues such as international diplomacy, energy security and internal political systems."
The Henry Jackson Society noted its concern about the CFOR's aims from its inception, pointing out the absence of any apparent interest in democratic reform in either the group's online content, the location of its launch party at the Russian Ambassador's residence, as well as the early provision of news content derived almost exclusively from the pro-Kremlin Pravda newspaper. (The news section has since been varied.)
Yet, as my colleague Michael Weiss argues in this excellent piece published last week in Foreign Policy, the CFOR has done startlingly little to engage with members of the Russian opposition, preferring instead to mix with Kremlin-approved groups and politicians under the guise of "engagement."
Michael notes that the Chairman's decision, for instance, to submit to an interview conducted by a former neo-Nazi Ilya Goryachev should have raised a few alarm bells, and certainly makes it unsurprising that Sir Malcolm has finally seen fit to withdraw from what is at best a decidedly naïve outfit, willing to engage some of the more noxious elements in Russian politics whilst ignoring the pro-democracy forces seeking genuine political reform.
Julia Pettengill is the Co-Chair of the Russia Studies Centre at the Henry Jackson Society
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In a global mobile threat study released recently, Juniper Networks (NYSE: JNPR) found that enterprise and consumer mobile devices are exposed to a record number of security threats, including a 400 percent increase in Android malware, as well as highly targeted Wi-Fi attacks. Through close examination of recent malware exploits, the study outlines new areas of concern and delivers clear recommendations on essential security technologies and practices to help consumers, enterprises/SMBs, and government entities guard against mobile device exploits.
With smartphones set to eclipse PCs as the preferred method of both personal and professional computing, cyber criminals have turned their attention to mobile devices. At the same time, the gap between hacker capabilities and an organization's defenses is widening. These trends underscore the need for further mobile security awareness, as well as more stringent, better integrated mobile security policies and solutions.
"The last 18 months have produced a non-stop barrage of newsworthy threat events, and while most had been aimed at traditional desktop computers, hackers are now setting their sights on mobile devices. Operating system consolidation and the massive and growing installed base of powerful mobile devices is tempting profit-motivated hackers to target these devices," said Jeff Wilson, principle analyst, Security at Infonetics Research. "In a recent survey of large businesses, we found that nearly 40 percent considered smartphones the device type posing the largest security threat now. Businesses need security tools that provide comprehensive protection: from the core of the network to the diverse range of endpoints that all IT shops are now forced to manage and secure."
In order to guard against growing mobile malware threats, the report recommends the following security measures.
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I follow Pete Souza on Twitter, he's the official Whitehouse photographer. Today he tweeted a link to this story on CNN's website by John Blake. He quotes from Cheryl Contee, co-founder of Jack & Jill Politics, you need to bookmark that site right now. I'm just going to share a few pieces of the CNN article that stuck out to me, go read the whole thing. First, let's look at the photo in question one more time…
From CNN's John Blake…
(CNN) — By now, the photo is a classic. It's become the most viewed image on Flickr — a mesmerizing picture that suggests as much as it reveals.
You may know it simply as the "Situation Room Photo," but you may not be aware of what some say are three subliminal messages that make it so powerful and unusual.
But look deeper and that photo becomes historic in a more subtle way. It's a snapshot of how much this nation's attitudes about race, women and presidential swagger are changing, several scholars and historians say.
There's no historical precedent for this image, she says. White Americans now see a black man not just as their president but their "protector in chief," Contee says.
"That photo is amazing," she says. "It's another step toward rehabilitation of the image of black men in American culture. It's going to forever impact how people see black men in America."
For much of U.S. history, the black man has often been portrayed as the threat to America's safety — the angry man, the thug, the one you cross the street to avoid, says Cheryl Contee, co-founder of Jack & Jill Politics, a blog focused on current affairs from a black perspective.
But in the Situation Room photo, Contee says, the black man is America's protector.
"This is one of the rare times that Tea Party supporters have referred to Obama as President Obama," says Ari Kohen, an associate professor of social justice and political science at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Go back and examine the defining historic photos of American military might in action, and women are absent, historians say.
Yet you see two powerful women in the Situation Room photograph — Clinton and Audrey Tomason, director for counterterrorism, who is straining to see from the back. Their inclusion shows how far women have come, Ambar says, even though Clinton's response is ambiguous because she's covering her mouth in what looks to be alarm.
And there is much more good stuff in John Blake's article. For those people playing the pundit games they like to play, I keep hearing how this OBL event won't have any long term impact on the President's approval ratings or chances in 2012. Anyone who is saying that doesn't understand the psyche of the American people very well. On Monday, I heard an anecdote that I know happened all across the country. A person on the street said to a reporter, "I didn't vote for him last time, but I'm definitely voting for him next time. He got Osama bin Laden." I wrote about this a little in a post the other day, that the effect on the entire country on 9/11 was profound. Something that hit deep inside all of us. For people to say that bringing Osama bin Laden to justice will not have an impact on the electorate is just plain stupid. President Obama showed once again that he is the most qualified person in public life to run this country.


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This phenominon occurs when an employee residing in his cubicle begins to flatulate with such fortitude that the inner walls of his cubicle begin to marinate with the foul odor, retaining the smell in the small confinement of the cubicle. At times, the smell can last for hours, actually gaining in strength with time.
"Baxter sure is marinating in his Dutch-Cubicle today... I guess the Chilli special for lunch was a bad idea."
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A Hilton Head Island security consulting firm headed by Congressional hopeful state Rep. Andy Patrick has become the tenth company in Bluffton's business incubator.
The Don Ryan Center for Innovation announced Wednesday that Advance Point Global is entering to further develop immigration and lawful employment compliance services for government entities and the private sector.
"They are working on technology to enhance and automate their manual process," said Jordan Berliner, director of the Center, adding Patrick's status as a Hilton Head Island representative and aspirant for Tim Scott's vacated 1st Congressional seat didn't bias the review process in any way.
"Like all potential innovators who approach the Center, they were judged on the merits of the concept, market for the product or service, quality of management and if they would enhance Bluffton's economic development," he said.
For $200 a month the public-private incubator provides business advice, office space, access to research through Clemson University and seed financing, among other services.
Reached in Columbia, Patrick, the chief executive, deferred questions to Chief Operating Officer George Baker, who said the firm is taking advantage of the new regulatory environment to narrow its focus on compliance.
"We're refocusing our efforts and plan to utilize the resources provided by the Don Ryan Center to assist us in doing so," he said. "One area of interest is making new contacts for obtaining seed financing for software development."
A law that took effect January of 2012 to crack down on illegal immigration requires nearly all South Carolina employers to ensure their employees are eligible for work in the U.S. at the cost of incurring penalties.
Initially, Advance Point provided security and risk management consulting, business intelligence, emergency preparedness and other investigative or security-related services. The firm covered security for Rick Santorum's 2012 presidential campaign, and some of Patrick's consultants for his own bid are veterans of that campaign.


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Two Iraqi refugee households in the Syrian capital Damascus recently received an early morning visit from the Arab world's young film star and WFP celebrity partner Hend Sabry.
DAMASCUS -- Hend, who became a WFP celebrity partner in April 2009, visited two districts in Damascus with a high Iraqi refugee population: Sayyida Zainab and Jaramana. Although Iraqis in Syria are urban refugees and lead a very different life compared to refugees living in camps, they share the longing to return home.
"I know by experience that living outside one's country by choice can be hard sometimes, but I can't even imagine how it feels to be forced to leave your house, your country and life as you knew it behind," said Hend, a Tunisian who has been living mostly in Egypt for the past ten years.
No return in near future
The first Iraqi family the film star visited in their modest house in Al Sayyida Zainab district told her they do not expect to return to Iraq in the near future. "Maybe we will return when the situation changes there, when it's safe to be in Iraq," said Durra*, the woman of the house and a mother of three boys.
Hend Sabry
Hend Sabry, 29, studied law and is in fact a syndicated lawyer. She says acting is only a hobby. Her popularity peaked across the Arabic-speaking world after starring in a popular television series last year. She is proud of her involvement with WFP's humanitarian work. "I am honoured to lend my voice to improve the lives of others. Celebrities can do a lot to raise awareness about human suffering around the world," she says.
In Jaramana, Hend met Fatma*, an Iraqi journalist who is now working as a cleaner. Fatma spoke of her struggle since leaving her homeland and of how she has not been able to practice her job due to her refugee status. "WFP food ration helps me use the little money I have to pay the rent or buy other necessary things for the house or the children," she told Hend. The modest flat where Fatma lives with her son and two daughters costs her almost US$125 per month.
Selling assets
Many of the displaced Iraqis who fled to Syria cannot afford healthy and nutritious food. Most of them have run out of savings and are selling their assets and getting into debt to meet their basic needs. Since March 2007, WFP in cooperation with the Syrian Arab Red Crescent (SARC) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) has been providing food assistance to Iraqis living in Syria.
WFP provides over 150,000 registered Iraqi refugees living in Syria with basic food needs every two months. Families supplement this ration with fresh foods they buy in the local market with the little money they have through savings, the odd job, or their more fortunate relatives.
*Names have been changed to protect the privacy of beneficiaries.


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Deputy Agriculture Secretary Meeting with South Dakota Tribal Leaders
LOWER BRULE - Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan is touring a Native American-owned and operated business and meeting with tribal leaders on the Lower Brule Indian Reservation on Thursday.
Merrigan will tour the Lakota Food facility Thursday afternoon. It's the first and only Native American business that produces, processes, packages and markets popcorn.
Afterward, she will meet with tribal leaders from South Dakota's nine Indian tribes to discuss the U.S. Department of Agriculture's efforts to promote business development and job creation in rural areas of the state.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Remember the protest over the anti-piracy bill SOPA, which left Wikipedia black for a day and depressed the GPA of a large portion of the world's high school students? This week brings another internet freakout over a similarly geeky bill: The Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISPA). Non-geeks, here is what you need to know.
CISPA Is All About Sharing
The Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act is a bipartisan bill that would allow federal agencies and private companies to share customer information that relates to "cybersecurity" threats in order to combat hacking attacks. The House considers the Act tomorrow.
Is CISPA Sharing or Spying?
Of course, one person's sharing is another person's spying—just ask Mark Zuckerberg. Civil liberties groups like the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) argue CISPA's definition of cyber threats is too broad, and that the information sharing amounts to "cyber spying" on innocent cyber users. The bill offers broad immunity to companies against privacy laws that prohibit the sharing of information as long as they claim to be acting in the name of cybersecurity.
According to the EFF:
As long as companies act in "good faith" and the collection is for a "cybersecurity purpose"—a purpose as vague as protecting or securing any network from degradation or disruption—there are no limits on what type of information can be intercepted and shared.
But CISPA's sponsors say there are plenty of limitations in the bill to keep your information from being abused, or being sold to Joe Biden for use in email marketing a post-vice presidential smooth jazz compilation. New amendments to restrict the scope of the bill have addressed the biggest concerns of some critics.
CISPA Is Meant to Stop Hackers, Who Are The New Terrorists
The easiest way to understand the debate over CISPA is to recall the debate over the Patriot Act and just replace the word "terrorism" with "cyberattacks," and "al Qaeda" with "Anonymous." Many commentators have made apt comparisons between CISPA and the Patriot Act's own controversial information sharing provision. The cybersecurity hysteria is built on a similarly overblown fear of a "cyber pearl harbor," where cyber attackers would blow up a nuclear station or something, using computers.
Sen. Joe Lieberman captured the hacker-as-terrorist mentality when he introduced a different cybersecurity bill earlier this year by invoking 9/11: "I fear that when it comes to protecting America from cyberattack it is Sept. 10, 2001," he said.
CISPA Is Meant to Stop Chinese Hackers
CISPA is aimed especially at the threat of Chinese hackers breaking into American computers and stealing the secret codes to Freedom. In February 2011, for example, Chinese hackers broke into U.S. oil companies—the gas stations to the Ford Explorer of Freedom. The U.S. sucks at dealing with these hacking threats because you can't use a predator drone to extrajudicially assassinate Chinese hackers, and all of America's geeks are making iPhone apps now instead of working for the government fighting hackers. Even the Pentagon has been hit by Chinesehackers!
Tech Companies Love CISPA
While SOPA was vocally opposed by internet companies like Tumblr, and Google, the tech industry in general supports CISPA because they hate hackers. Facebook offered a letter in support of the bill, because defending their users from hackers costs millions and CISPA transfers some of the burden of keeping track of more mischievous users to the government.
This is a big reason why, even though more than 800,000 people have signed an anti-CISPA petition, there will be no SOPA-level freakout. Though they wont admit it, the internet's geek populist crowd often goes with the tech companies they work (or would like to) work for.
But How Does CISPA actually affect me?
In the best case scenario, CISPA won't effect anyone unless they are cyber threats to America, in which case it will help arrest you. In the worst case scenario, CISPA is another step in our gradual slide to an all-knowing surveillance state where the government has instant access to everything you've ever done on a computer. Either way: Not much in the short term, honestly.
CISPA Is Probably Going to Pass
"We have the votes" to pass the bill, CISPA co-author Rep. Mike Rogers said today. But the White House has threatened to veto the bill unless there are significant improvements in privacy protection.


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Posted: 22 June 2012
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WELCOME! To learn more about Roller Girl Wines, click on the banner above.
Welcome to SuLei (soo-lay) Cellars. The name SuLei is a word created to express the partnership of the proprietors. SuLei is also a synonym for Sulis Minerva, a Celtic Mother Goddess: Provider of Healing waters/She who is Viewed/The Bright One.
Our logo is inspired by the Maori double twist and represents the joining together of two people, two cultures for eternity. Even though they experience highs and lows of life they remain bonded by friendship and loyalty for life.
SuLei Cellars is a collaboration of two people's passion for wine and a desire to share this passion with others. We are a boutique winery located in the Walla Walla, WA. AVA. We strive to support local business by sourcing our fruit from select Walla Walla and Columbia Valley Vineyards. With a combination of Old and New World winemaking practices, we are focused on making quality wines.


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Dear OncoLink "Ask The Experts,"
I have recently had a biopsy for a lump on my vulva. It is strongly suspected that this is indeed cancer. What is the prognosis for this type of cancer? Is the only option surgery, and is it usually cured with surgical removal?
Christina S. Chu, MD, Assistant Professor of the Division of Gynecologic Oncology at the University of Pennsylvania Health System, responds:
The prognosis for cancer of the vulva depends on how large the tumor is and whether or not it has spread to other areas of the body, like lymph nodes. The standard treatment usually involves a surgical excision of the primary tumor, possibly accompanied by sampling of the lymph nodes in one or both groins, depending on the size of the tumor, where on the vulva it is located, and how deeply it has invaded into the underlying tissue. After surgery, additional radiation therapy may be recommended if necessary. Patients with tumor confined to the vulva and no evidence of spread to the lymph nodes or other organs like the vagina, urethra or anus, typically can expect a very good rate of cure with treatment.