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If Joeseph Goebbels were re-incarnated and alive today, he would be somewhere in the Obama administration writing press releases about how jobs were being created or had been thus far saved. Those proclamations from the Obama White House are certainly strange, especially when the concurrent news stories are about how jobless claims are increasing on a monthly basis.
I don't think that Baghdad Bob would approve of such efforts at misleading propaganda.
But, Obama still has trouble accepting responsibility for the failed stimulus package and preferes to continue assigning blame to George W. Bush, who has been out of office for over a year-and-a-half now. Joe Biden is loathe to go back to the "good old days" when people had stable jobs and steady paychecks.
Michelle Malkin has a great article regarding the jobs being lost, even as Obama and family enjoy an upper-class vacation at Martha's Vineyard when most Americans can barely afford to take any kind of vacation at all.
From her column:
|These are not the wealthy fat cats and Big Business titans Democrats love to demonize.
They're employees of companies like Assurant Health, which announced last week that it would slash 130 jobs at its offices in Milwaukee and Plymouth, Minn., to prepare for costly Obamacare mandates.
They're employees of medical device firms in Massachusetts, where officials say they'll be forced to cut back on operational costs and jobs thanks to a little-noticed Obamacare tax on their products that goes into effect in 2013.
They're employees of restaurants like White Castle and International House of Pancakes, whose executives say they will be forced into layoffs and premium hikes to cope with the federal law's $3,000-per-employee penalty on companies whose workers pay more than 9.5 percent of household income in premiums for company-provided insurance.
They're mom-and-pop enterprises across the country that must now deal with Obamacare's onerous Section 9006 tax-filing mandate. It requires them to file 1099 forms with the IRS for every vendor from whom they purchase $600 or more in goods. Nebraska GOP Sen. Mike Johanns calls it one of many "job-crushing provisions" that will bury small business in paperwork and legal costs.
They're the estimated 23,000 workers in the deepwater drilling industry whom the White House deliberately wrote off in pursuit of its junk science-based drilling moratorium.
They're the estimated tens of thousands of workers employed by car dealers that were shut down by Obama's auto czars at a time, as the TARP inspector general pointed out last month, "when the country was experiencing the worst economic downturn in generations and the government was asking its taxpayers to support a $787 billion stimulus package designed primarily to preserve jobs… — all based on a theory and without sufficient consideration of the decisions' broader economic impact."
They're employees of Utah oil and gas companies whose leases have been pulled without cause by Interior Secretary Ken Salazar. The Interior Department's own Inspector General rejected Salazar's explanation that the Bush administration had rushed the leases through. The Deseret News reports that "rescinding these leases has likely cost the state millions already. Officials in Uintah county estimate the county lost 3,000 jobs in 2009, and Duchesne lost 1,000 jobs."
They're employees of commercial and recreational fishing businesses in New England, who have organized a flotilla on Martha's Vineyard on Thursday to protest the Obama administration's restrictive environmental policies and stealth regulatory ocean grab.
It's no wonder that Democrats up for re-election this year are stampeding as fast as they can away from the White House and its current occupant.
You can access the complete article on-line here:
The White House War on Jobs
Michelle Malkin
August 25, 2010
Filed under: Economy, Elections, Government, Health Care, Politics, Social Issues, Taxes | Tagged: 1099, Assurant Health, Barack Obama, Biden, democrats, George W. Bush, Goebbels, IHOP, lost jobs, Martha's Vineyard, Michelle Malkin, Offshore Drilling, vacation, White Castle | Leave a comment »


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Comprehensive Home Care for Senior Stroke Home Care in Pymble
After experiencing a stroke, seniors face many challenges and a variety of impairments that impact recovery and everyday life. Without the right support, some seniors try to do too much too fast, and this often leads to setbacks, delays in recovery, and even subsequent strokes. With proper care, risks can be minimised, helping seniors feel safe and confident in the home environment. Stroke Home Care in Pymble, Stroke Home Care Services in Pymble, Sydney, NSW is a professional provider of at-home stroke recovery care. Our exceptional caregivers ease physical and emotional stress while empowering seniors to safely regain their independence. Our one-on-one stroke care provides the right level of support in a variety of situations.
Here are some of the ways our stroke caregivers can help during recovery:
- Assistance with personal care and housekeeping to prevent stroke survivors from overexerting themselves
- Meal preparation that adheres to special dietary recommendations
- Transportation to medical appointments
- Assistance with prescribed exercises and activity
- Medication and medical appointment reminders
- Encouragement and support to help the senior maintain a positive attitude
- Supervision and monitoring to quickly recognise concerns and seek necessary medical attention
Flexible Stroke Care to Meet Changing Needs During Recovery
There is no one-size-fits-all plan for stroke recovery. Every individual is unique, and care needs and goals often vary. The stroke care plans at North West Sydney Home Care Assistance are custom created with flexibility in mind. Our Care Managers work with families to develop a strategy that supports prompt and safe recovery without interfering with the senior's schedule or routines. Our caregivers are available day or evening, Stroke Home Care in Pymble, Stroke Home Care Services in Pymble or around the clock, and schedules are easy to change anytime setbacks or positive developments occur.
Our Stroke Care Also Benefits Families
As a senior recovers from a stroke, it is equally important to provide support to the family. Loved ones often have questions and concerns, and addressing them relieves stress and helps them remain connected to the senior. Home Care Assistance North West Sydney's stroke caregivers maintain detailed Care Notes that are shared with families to keep them informed. Our team is also available any time day or night to provide respite and help the family maintain strong, supportive connections with each other.
If the time is right for your loved one to return home following a stroke, Home Care Assistance in North West Sydney is here to help. We also offer comprehensive care for seniors with dementia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's. To learn more about our stroke care programs or to schedule services, call 02-9051-1000 to speak with one of our qualified Care Managers and request a complimentary evaluation.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Center for Stroke Rehabilitation
Recovering from a stroke can be one of the greatest challenges a person will ever face. However, research shows that early and specialized stroke rehabilitation can help to optimize an individual's physical and cognitive recovery and enhance quality of life.
At Kessler's Center for Stroke Rehabilitation, a team of neuro-rehabilitation specialists provides that early intervention with expertise and understanding to help individuals return home to family, work and community activities.
Our Approach
Studies indicate that where a stroke survivor goes for treatment can make all the difference in his or her recovery. Kessler, a specialized acute rehabilitation hospital, delivers a comprehensive program of medical, nursing and therapy care to successfully address the individual needs of each stroke patient. Our goal-directed approach to stroke rehabilitation tailors treatment to help patients:
- restore physical function and enhance the skills needed to perform daily activities
- build strength, improve balance and regain mobility
- improve speech and swallowing
- develop new cognitive and behavioral strategies to compensate for any deficits
Our Patients
- Patient Stories
Edna"Through this experience, Edna may have found a new direction in which to channel her considerable talent and energy..."
Meet More Kessler Patients
Kessler's Center for Stroke Rehabilitation treats individuals at any age … at any stage in their lives … and at any level of impairment. For those patients whose stroke rehabilitation needs are further complicated by other existing medical conditions and/or difficulties with arousal, confusion, debility or age-related factors, Kessler offers a unique Medically Complex Stroke Program (MCRSP).
Our Rehabilitation Team
Kessler's interdisciplinary team draws on the expertise and experience of stroke rehabilitation specialists, including:
- Physicians who manage patients' complex medical needs around the clock
- Rehabilitation nurses who deliver compassionate, evidence-based care to each patient
- Physical, occupational and speech therapists who involve patients in an intensive and comprehensive treatment program for a minimum of three hours a day
- Psychologists and neuropsychologists who address cognitive, emotional or behavioral issues
- Dietitians who oversee that nutritional needs are met
- Case managers who carefully coordinate the individual's stay and discharge plans
Treatment, Technology & Research
Kessler, long recognized as a pioneer in medical rehabilitation, integrates the advanced treatment, proven therapies and leading-edge technologies that benefit patient recovery. The stroke rehabilitation team also continues to explore new avenues of treatment and engage in promising new research to benefit stroke survivors. Among the many advances available to appropriate patients are:
- Videofluoroscopy and electrical stimulation to help diagnose and treat swallowing disorders
- Body-Weight Supported Treadmill Training (BWST) to improve gait performance and mobility
- Constraint induced therapy, Bioness® and SaeboFlex® devices to strengthen motor function
- Robotic therapies to help build new neural pathways
- Computer orthoptics and Dynavision® to address visual impairments
- Advanced pharmacologic and therapeutic interventions to manage spasticity
- Augmentative devices, like Lingraphica®, to improve communication and speech patterns
Specialized Services
As part of this dynamic stroke rehabilitation program, Kessler provides a wide range of specialized services including vocational counseling, orthotics services, assistive technologies, and advanced wheelchair, seating and mobility options. Kessler's renowned Driver Rehabilitation Program helps appropriate individuals develop the necessary skills to operate a vehicle and enjoy greater independence.
In addition, stroke support groups and educational programming gives patients and their families the opportunity to share information, discuss common concerns and learn from the experiences of others.
Continuum of Care
To help individuals successfully transition to life at home, at work and in the community, Kessler delivers an unparalleled continuum of inpatient through outpatient care. Patients who participate in our comprehensive outpatient stroke rehabilitation programs generally continue to reinforce the strengths and skills they have acquired.
Our Outcomes
Studies show that stroke survivors treated at an acute rehabilitation hospital like Kessler have a higher level of functional independence and are more likely to be discharged to home that those treated in other care settings. In fact, on average, Kessler's stroke patients have greater improvement during their stay and a higher level of functional independence upon discharge, based on national benchmarks that measure criteria such as locomotion, cognitive ability and activities of daily living.
For More Information
For more information about Kessler's Stroke Rehabilitation Program, to arrange a tour or to discuss admissions, contact us or call Kessler's West Orange, Saddle Brook or Chester Campus.


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Our solar system's most distant major planet, Neptune, has arrived at the same location in space where it was first discovered 165 years ago. To commemorate the event, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has taken images of the blue-green giant planet.
Neptune was first discovered 165 years ago and now has completed one full orbit around the Sun. To celebrate this milestone, astronomers used Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 to take a closer look at the planet. Images reveal high- altitude clouds composed of methane ice crystals. The methane absorbs red light resulting in the planet's aqua color. The clouds look pink because they are reflecting near-infrared light.
This video sequence compiles data from Hubble's observations of Neptune to show the blue-green planet rotating on its tilted axis. A day on Neptune is 16 hours long, and Hubble took images of the planet every four hours.
NASA, ESA, G. Bacon, and Z. Levay (STScI);
Science: The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) and A. Simon-Miller (NASA/GSFC)
Publication: July 12, 2011


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the digital video version of 'Rise of the Robots'
>> Thursday, March 1, 2007
One of the few games which you can play with two people simultaneously on CD-i is Rise of the Robots. A fighting game, converted to almost every console from that time. Pete told me i was wrong noticing that this game doesn't use a DVC at all, although it is displayed on the back. I'm still not convinced, as i have played the game both with and without the DVC and absolutely did not notice any difference. Yet Erronous connected a serial terminal to the CD-i player and looked at the memory used while running "Rise of the robots". It appears Rise of the Robots uses 1341.06k which is more than the base-case memory. Unfortunately he can't repeat this with the DVC removed, because it is not possible to start a command shell without the cartridge.
On the other hand, this is Pete's story: "I'll have to dig it out and check, I know it DID use the DV ram for quite a lot of stuff but there were 2 versions done, one utilising the DV and one not. As far as I remember at the last minute Philips decided to change the way everything worked and I had to do a new version (and there were several different ones) and all the "DV extras" got dropped than at REALLY the last second they wanted something back so I had to hack something in. It's so long ago though I can't remember what it was and maybe the version they took as final didn't utilise DV cart but the packaging was already done. Like I said above I'm just not sure what the extra ram was used for in the end, might've been something to do with sound effects but that's just a guess. I do remember the FULL DV version had scrolling animating backgrounds but there were some other extras as well and memory fails me once again when it comes to those. It's quite possible that it doesn't even use all that memory, if there is indeed no difference with the game with or without the DV cart (still need to check myself) then there's probably just a malloc in there for DV ram, might not get used for anything. I doubt if the full DV version will ever surface as afaik it never went out of the office. Theres always the possibility that I've got an old cd somewhere with it on but I used to be really bad at labeling my cd's and have got a huge pile of them somewhere and have no idea whats on them Wink just depends on if I ever took a version home with me or not, if I still have the cd and can I find it Smile I just wish I had something better to work with on ROTR, it was converted from the amiga/pc versions which were written by guys who knew nothing about game coding and therefore did everything the wrong way, wasted loads of ram, didn't have the robots jump over each other and turn around (how badly did that suck) etc. I wanted to write it from scratch but wasn't allowed to Sad Still, maybe one day I could do a new version of it or something hehe RISE 2003"
"A full DV version sounds very interesting, maybe Philips felt that the base case version would reach a wider audience, seeing as that the DV catridge wasnt installed in nearly all players.. larger audience=more sales.."
Overall the game is slow-paced, but still interesting. The graphics are great, and character movement is quite good in high res. It's rather short, and you can't save a game, which makes it a little frustrating at times. It's definately not the best version of all the conversions, but an interesting game nonetheless. Brian's soundtrack fits the game very well. A review will follow soon!
Ofcourse we remember Pete Dabbs as the writer of the CD-ICE Emulator, and he once was a regular on the CD-i Forum. However, his work overloaded him but I still hope to welcome him back anytime soon ;)


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Pleasantly refined but adventurous enough to pack a punch. That's what starry-eyed foodies are saying about the relaunched Delicias menu. Credit goes to the new executive chef-partner, Paul McCabe.
Since November, he's brought a contemporary jolt to upscale Rancho Santa Fe and this 21-year-old restaurant. Right now, you'll find culinary riches that are handmade, farm-sourced, sometimes embellished with Asian ingredients (dashi, kimchee) or modernist technique - the chef's not afraid of liquid nitrogen.
And Delicias isn't afraid of modernizing. When we caught up with McCabe, Delicias had jettisoned the tablecloths and remodeled with all-new furniture. "I feel cozy. I'm happy out here," the recent alum of Kitchen 1540 said. Then McCabe got revved up talking about his signature Delicias dish.
Organic Corn Agnolotti with Maine Lobster and Truffles, $14
About the overall dish
McCabe blends together these flavors, he said, "because it's cheating. Lobster and corn are made for each other. Lobster, corn and truffles? You put those three together and you've got success on a plate." This summer dish replaces the organic pea agnolotti, per seasonal demands.
The agnolotti
Agnolotti are stuffed, ravioli-like crescents of dough. They got their Italian name because they look like "priests' caps." To get that shape, you need stiff dough (refined flour, egg, yolk, milk and a little olive oil). And you need good technique, McCabe said. "It's very time-consuming, and I'm the only one who makes it in our kitchen. I don't let anybody else touch it."
The filling
Hidden inside each agnolotti pouch is a thick corn filling. "The first thing I do is find the best corn possible, organic white corn (sourced by) Specialty Produce." He removes the kernels, then "milks the cob" - using the backside of a knife to extract the starch from the core. After a trip through the Vita-Prep Blender and the Tamis strainer, the mixture is heated in a pot for two hours. "It gets really, really thick. Even thicker than purée."
The Maine lobster
Pulled live from the fridge, the lobsters undergo a poaching technique that makes them "really, really tender and sweet," he said. Hot water is poured over them and they sit for exactly 14 minutes. The tails and claws are later sautéed in butter.
The fungi
The larger mushrooms are mousseron, and, adding to the refinement, McCabe shaves one of the most expensive ingredients in the world - black truffles - over the dish. These are sourced from Italy.
The presentation
Drizzled at the bottom of the bowl is brown butter emulsified with veal stock. "You get the flavor of brown butter without the coating on your palate that I so dislike." The garnishes are geranium, mustard and chives.
Delicias is located at 6101 Paseo Delicias in Rancho Santa Fe -- deliciasrestaurant.com
Read Keli Dailey's full story and more on utsandiego.com
Source: DiscoverSD


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5 questions for Obama on Syria
President Barack Obama is not a commander in chief drawn to military adventure nor an explainer-in-chief who is especially fond of delivering Oval Office addresses.
But Obama's reluctance to offer a detailed explanation of an anticipated attack on Syria has puzzled allies and adversaries alike who warn that even a short engagement — likely two to three days of missile strikes — could draw the U.S. into the kind of "dumb" war Obama opposed as a candidate in 2008.
Story Continued Below
Obama — awarded the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize before he knew where all the White House bathrooms were located — is in an unfamiliar and deeply uncomfortable position. He was elected on a wave of contempt for George W. Bush over Iraq, but now finds himself on the wrong side of public opinion — only 25 percent of Americans supported U.S. intervention in Syria after a chemical weapons attack.
Despite that, the president has no plans to deliver a major speech on Syria prior to military action, aides say.
( See POLITICO's full Syria coverage)
Obama did tell the PBS "NewsHour" Wednesday that he hadn't yet made any decision on action — but said any potential strike would be intended to send "a pretty strong signal" to Syrian President Bashar Assad on the use of chemical weapons.
With that in mind, here are five questions for Obama if he decides to go ahead with airstrikes in Syria.
1. What is the goal in attacking Syria?
The answer seems to be something well short of a regime change but somewhat tougher than a face slap at Assad.
( PHOTOS: International response to Syria)
Administration officials have been telling reporters Obama wants to "punish" Assad, not "tip the balance" in favor of a besieged rebel coalition rife with anti-American Islamists — or even stop the dictator from continuing to butcher his own people with guns, missiles, bombs or anything that doesn't fit the description of "red lined" weapons of mass destruction.
But critics say this is fuzzy talk. And Obama himself seemed to struggle with that question when it was first posed by PBS's Judy Woodruff on Wednesday — to the point where the veteran correspondent followed up with, "Mr. President, with all due respect, what does it accomplish? … If it's not going to do that much harm to the Assad regime, what have you accomplished?"
Obama responded with the same arguments administration officials have been making for days — deterrence, punishment and an assertion of international "norms" against the use of weapons of mass destruction. To that he added another justification: the potential risk to the United States.
"When you start talking about chemical weapons in a country that has the largest stockpile of chemical weapons in the world, where over time, their control over chemical weapons may erode … chemical weapons that can have devastating effects could be directed at us," Obama said.
The question, increasingly raised by defense analysts and congressional critics, is whether a salvo of cruise missiles will have anything more than a feel-good cosmetic impact on a regime that has, by all accounts, scattered its WMD assets to hundreds of hidden sites.
"Victory by either side will not necessarily bring in to power people friendly to the United States," Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.) said Wednesday, joining several dozen members of Congress who have publicly expressed doubts about the operation.
"The idea of a quick military hit having a substantive or enduring impact is often an illusion, because they often produce unintended consequences," said U.S. Institute of Peace and Woodrow Wilson International Center senior fellow Robin Wright, a longtime journalist who has written books on Iran and the Arab Spring. "There are more costs than benefits in the end."
2. Why attack now?
It's all about cashing a rhetorical check Obama wrote Aug. 20, 2012, when he famously declared, "a red line for us is we start seeing a whole bunch of chemical weapons moving around or being utilized."
( Also on POLITICO: Obama weighing Syria response)
On Wednesday, in his sit-down with PBS, Obama cast a possible strike as a convergence of moral imperatives and national interests. "There is a reason why there is an international norm against chemical weapons," he concluded, summing up the views of two new appointees National Security Adviser Susan Rice and U.N. Ambassador Samantha Power, anti-genocide crusaders both.
But there's a third reason for an attack — national and presidential prestige. Obama was deeply stung when Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) quipped about Obama's "disappearing" red line in reference to a previous chemical weapons attack, and he's deeply aware of perceptions that the world's sole superpower seems to be losing its power to influence events in the region, a reality underscored by the Egyptian military's decision to violently crack down on the Muslim Brotherhood despite Obama's opposition.
That argument has muted most, but not all criticism of Obama from the right. "No red line should have been drawn without the strategy and funding to support it," said Sen. Jim Inhofe (R-Okla.), a frequent Obama critic.


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Use mouse scroll wheel over image or pinch-to-zoom on touch devices. You can also click and drag around on image.
'12 Cadillac CTS-V on XO Milan's
Parked toMilan X229
byXO Luxury Wheels
Vehicle Info: 2012 Cadillac CTS-V
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Garage St Thomas X250
Garage Miami X203
Garage Tokyo X201


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Steps a screen printer can take to standardize production to increase consistency so that time is saved and press set ups can go quickly
A conversation I had with a screen printing company owner stuck with me over the years. He said, "Newspapers are all printed using the same settings and processes. Why can't we color separate T-shirts and get the same result every time?"
Although this might seem very obvious at first thought (we would all have to go around wearing newspaper clothing), it does bring up some background points that deserve continued consideration. If the whole process cannot be standardized due to the variables in art, shirts, and ink values, then what parts of the process can be made more consistent so that time is saved and press set ups go much faster?
Upon close inspection, there are parts of the separation process that can be standardized to a degree and particularly troublesome areas can become less of an issue or disappear altogether. Though the process will never reach the true consistency of newspaper printing, it can be possible to increase the success rate of separations and thereby increase the live production capacity of your equipment and inversely get rid of nagging downtime when separations don't work.
The strange and somewhat maddening nature of screen printing often requires thinking out of the box when trying to develop systems that will work for a wide variety of art, printing styles, and different garments. With this alternative approach in gear, it is far easier to look at standardizing support functions and systems that surround separations first, prior to tackling the actual process itself. The reason for this is that a lot of the variables in screen printing are dictated by elements that happen before and after the actual separation is created. Pushing to control and define a standard for the outside processes first will yield enormous benefits to the attempts to control consistency on separations. A big side benefit of taking these steps is that they will also create highly profitable production and art department due to the greater productivity and consistency that will be realized overall.
To increase consistency and standardize the separation of designs, first create an inbound art checklist and prepping process. The next logical step is to control and set up standards in the ink and printing departments for inks and press settings. Once these are both done, then the final step is to create several recipes that work for quick, consistent separation processes.
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Posts Tagged 'historical society'
Keep Your Family History From Ending up in the Dumpster
By – Sherry Stocking Kline
Printed in Wichita Eagle's Active Life Magazine – Aug 04
The nightmare of many genealogists is that the minute they die their kids will haul years of family history research, one-of-a-kind documents, and priceless photographs out to the curb for the first trash truck that comes along.
What can you do to keep countless hours of research and family history from becoming part of tomorrow's landfill?
First, make sure you have something someone will want to keep. If you leave behind a jumbled up pile of unidentified photographs, mixed-up documents, and notes with no organization, your genealogical heir may throw up his (or her) hands and throw in the towel.
Your research "has a much better chance to be saved if it's organized," said Donna Woods, former librarian for Midwest Historical and Genealogical Society.
"My granddaughter's husband sat me down one day," and told me that I needed to get it (my genealogy materials) in some kind of order because if something happened to me they wouldn't know what to do with it."
Woods said that she doesn't believe it makes any difference what system you use, just that you use one, and don't use the 'pile-it' method, though she added that she still does "have a few piles" even after organizing with file folders and notebooks.
"Mark in your books which ones are keepers and should not leave the family," Woods said, adding she wrote a note inside the cover of each book that pertain to the family.
Nancy Sherbert, curator of Photographs, Kansas State Historical Societysuggested that you label documents, write on photographs, and organize materials into family groups alphabetically. Sherbert said photographs without identification or dates have very little meaning to family members or as historic documents.
"We don't think about that when we take our photographs," Sherbert said, "we know who they are. But when we're gone, others can't appreciate the historical value of those photographs because they don't know who the people are, what they are celebrating, and why they are all together."
Woods said you should have a really serious discussion with your family, and see if someone is interested in your genealogy work.
"It may not be your child," Woods said, "it may be a grandchild or a niece or nephew." Woods' daughter was not interested in furthering her genealogy research, but a discussion with a granddaughter in her mid-twenties rewarded Woods with a possible new home for her research.
"I'm so glad that you are doing this, Grandma," said Wood's mid-twenties granddaughter, "I want to do it someday, but I can't do it right now."
Preserving your family's history doesn't necessarily mean keeping all the information in your immediate family. Woods said she made the decision to place some of her research where it would do the most good, in the two counties in Illinois where her ancestors originally resided.
"It makes a lot more sense to place my research there in those counties," Woods said, "for other researchers to find."
Once you've made sure that no one in your family wants your collection, the safest way to keep your materials out of the dumpster, according to Sherbert, is to add to your will "I'd like for my photographs, letters, and diaries to be donated to…….
"Go ahead and establish some kind of collection with an institution," Sherbert said, "and make it clear to your executor and family that remaining materials are to go to the institution."
"Just make some sort of arrangements," Sherbert said, adding that materials donated to a historical society, library, or museum should be preserved and available for research for decades "unless there is some kind of preservation problem."


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East Asian mathematics
East Asian mathematics, the discipline of mathematics as it developed in China and Japan.
When speaking of mathematics in East Asia, it is necessary to take into account China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam as a whole. At a very early time in their histories, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam all adopted the Chinese writing system, in addition to other cultural institutions. As a result, books produced in any one of these countries could, and actually did, circulate in scholarly circles throughout the region. Scholars versed in mathematics in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam learned at first from Chinese sources, but in time books produced in Japan and Korea found their way to China. (Scholars have not determined the extent of any original mathematical developments made in Korea and Vietnam, and whether such advancements made it back to China.) It may be more appropriate, therefore, to speak not so much of "Chinese mathematics" as of "mathematics in Chinese characters."
The following discussion of the evolution of mathematical subjects within the Chinese tradition emphasizes several common characteristics: an interest in general algorithms and the importance given to "position" (a place-value notation involving rods or counters), a specific part devoted to configurations of numbers, and the parallelisms between procedures. It covers the history of mathematics in East Asia from ancient times through the region's direct interaction with the European world in the 17th and 18th centuries—previously, East Asian contact with the West was indirect through ongoing interactions with India and the Islamic world. After this period, mathematics in the East was under the deep influence of mathematics imported from Europe, which Chinese mathematicians tried to synthesize with traditional Chinese mathematics. This paved the way to the adoption, at the end of the 19th century, of mathematics as it was practiced in the West. Thus, for later mathematical developments in the East, see mathematics: Mathematics in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Mathematics in China
The textual sources
Books written in China from the 1st century bce through the 7th century ce and then in the 13th century formed the foundation for the development of mathematics in East Asia. Most subsequent mathematical works refer to them. References found in the surviving mathematical writings from this period, as well as references made in bibliographies compiled for dynastic annals, indicate that there are many gaps in the textual record. The oldest extant works probably survived because they became official books, taught in the context of the Chinese civil examination system.
The most important work in the history of mathematics in Chinese is Jiuzhang suanshu (The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art), which contains arithmetic, algebraic, and geometric algorithms, presented in relation to problems, some of which evoke the duties of the civil administration: surveying fields (areas), levying taxes according to various types of grains (ratios), determining wages for civil servants according to their position in the hierarchy (unequal sharing), measuring planned earthworks to determine labour needs and granaries to determine storage capacity (volumes), levying fair taxes (problems combining various proportions), and so forth. This compilation from the 1st century bce or ce (specialists disagree on the exact date of its completion) has been restored based on two main sources. The oldest extant copy, which is also the oldest existing mathematics book ever printed, dates from 1213. However, only the first five chapters survive. The complete book known today as The Nine Chapters is the result of an 18th-century philological work based on both the former source and exhaustive quotations in a 15th-century Chinese encyclopaedia, Yongle dadian, compiled under the Yongle emperor (1402–24). In any case, like Euclid's Elements, The Nine Chapters gathered and organized many mathematical achievements (including arithmetic, geometric, and algebraic algorithms) from preceding periods. And like the Elements in the West, The Nine Chapters played a preeminent role in the development of mathematics in East Asia. Most mathematicians referred to it, and most of the subjects that they worked on stemmed from it. Its format, adopted by most subsequent authors, consists of problems for which a numerical answer and a general procedure for solution are given. As with any canonical work, many scholars wrote commentaries on The Nine Chapters, adding explanations and proofs, rewriting procedures, and suggesting new ones. The most important surviving commentary, attributed to Liu Hui (3rd century), contains the earliest Chinese mathematical proofs in the modern sense.
During the 7th century, certain other books were gathered together with The Nine Chapters and a Han astronomical treatise, Zhoubi ("The Gnomon of the Zhou"), by a group under the leadership of imperial mathematician and astronomer Li Chunfeng. This collection, known as Shibu suanjing ("Ten Classics of Mathematics"), became the manual for officials trained in the newly established office of mathematics. Although some people continued to be officially trained as mathematicians thereafter, no advancement in mathematics can be documented until the 11th century. At that time (1084) the "Ten Classics" was edited and printed, an event that seems to have been related to renewed activity in mathematics during the 11th and 12th centuries. This activity is known only through later quotations, but it probably paved the way for major achievements in the second half of the 13th century. At that time China was divided into North and South, and achievements by mathematicians in both regions are known: in the South those of Qin Jiushao and Yang Hui, and in the North those of Li Ye and Zhu Shijie. Mathematical studies in the North and South seem to have developed independently, but they attest to a common basis.
While some major works of the 13th century are recorded in the Yongle dadian, mathematical knowledge quickly deteriorated, as demonstrated by commentaries on these books written by the end of the 15th century that show that they were no longer understood. By the 17th century few ancient Chinese mathematical works were available. Thereafter, as Chinese scholars became aware of European achievements, they began to look for such works throughout the country and strove to interpret them. The end of the 18th century saw a large movement of editing rediscovered texts. These critical editions are the main sources today for the history of Chinese mathematics. Discoveries of new sources are now rare, though in the 20th century a mathematical book was found in a grave sealed before the end of the 2nd century bce, pushing back by centuries the earliest known source on the subject. It is possible that archaeology will bring to light new findings and provoke a revolution comparable to that experienced in the historiography of China in general.
The great early period, 1st–7th centuries
The Nine Chapters
The Nine Chapters presupposes mathematical knowledge about how to represent numbers and how to perform the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In it the numbers are written in Chinese characters, but, for most of the procedures described, the actual computations are intended to be performed on a surface, perhaps on the ground. Most probably, as can be inferred from later accounts, on this surface, or counting board, the numbers were represented by counting rods (see the figure) that were used according to a decimal place-value system. Numbers represented by counting rods could be moved and modified within a computation. However, no written computations were recorded until much later. As will be seen, setting up the computations with counting rods greatly influenced later mathematical developments.
The Nine Chapters contains a number of mathematical achievements, already in a mature form, that were presented by most subsequent books without substantial changes. The most important achievements are described briefly in the rest of this section.
Arithmetic of fractions
Division is a central operation in The Nine Chapters. Fractions are defined as a part of the result of a division, the remainder of the dividend being taken as the numerator and the divisor as the denominator. Thus, dividing 17 by 5, one obtains a quotient of 3 and a remainder of 2; this gives rise to the mixed quantity 3 + 2/5. The fractional parts are thus always less than one, and their arithmetic is described through the use of division. For instance, to get the sum of a set of fractions, one is instructed to
multiply the numerators by the denominators that do not correspond to them, add to get the dividend. Multiply the denominators all together to get the divisor. Perform the division. If there is a remainder, name it with the divisor.
This algorithm corresponds to the modern formula a/b + c/d = (ad + bc)/bd. The sum of a set of fractions is itself thus the result of a division, of the form "integer plus proper fraction." All the arithmetic operations involving fractions are described in a similar way.
Algorithms for areas and volumes
The Nine Chapters gives formulas for elementary plane and solid figures, including the areas of triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, circles, and segments of circles and the volumes of prisms, cylinders, pyramids, and spheres. All these formulas are expressed as lists of operations to be performed on the data in order to get the result—i.e., as algorithms. For example, to compute the area of a circle, the following algorithm is given: "multiply the diameter by itself, triple this, divide by four." This algorithm amounts to using 3 as the value for π. Commentators added improved values for π along with some derivations. The commentary ascribed to Liu Hui computes two other approximations for π, one slightly low (157/50) and one high (3,927/1,250). The Nine Chapters also provides the correct formula for the area of the circle—"multiplying half the diameter and half the circumference, one gets the area"—which Liu Hui proved.
Solution of systems of simultaneous linear equations
The Nine Chapters devotes a chapter to the solution of simultaneous linear equations—that is, to collections of relations between unknowns and data (equations) where none of the unknown quantities is raised to a power higher than 1. For example, the first problem in this chapter, on the yields from three grades of grain, asks:
3 bundles of top-grade grain, 2 bundles of medium grade, and 1 bundle of low grade yield 39 units of grain. 2 bundles of top grade, 3 bundles of medium grade, and 1 bundle of low grade yield 34 units. 1 bundle of top grade, 2 bundles of medium grade, and 3 bundles of low grade yield 26 units. How many units does a bundle of each grade of grain yield?
The procedure for solving a system of three equations in three unknowns involves arranging the data on the computing surface in the form of a table, as shown in the figure. The coefficients of the first equation are arranged in the first column and the coefficients of the second and third equations in the second and third columns. Consequently, the numbers of the first row, comprising the first coefficient in each equation, correspond to the first unknown. This is an instance of a place-value notation, in which the position of a number in a numerical configuration has a mathematical meaning. The main tool for the solution is the use of column reduction (elimination of variables by reducing their coefficients to zero) to obtain an equivalent configuration. Next, the unknown of the third row is found by division, and hence the second and the first unknowns are found as well. This algorithm is known in the West as Gauss elimination.
The algorithm described above relies in an essential way on the configuration given to the set of data on the counting surface. Because the procedure implies a column-to-column subtraction, it gives rise to negative numbers. The Nine Chapters describes detailed methods for computing with positive and negative coefficients that enable problems involving two to seven unknowns to be solved. This seems to be the first occurrence of negative numbers in the history of mathematics.
Square and cube roots
In The Nine Chapters, algorithms for finding integral parts of square roots or cube roots on the counting surface are based on the same idea as the arithmetic ones used today. These algorithms are set up on the surface in the same way as is a division: at the top, the "quotient"; under it, the "dividend"; one row below, the "divisor"; at the bottom, auxiliary computations. Moreover, the algorithms are written out, sentence by sentence, parallel to each other, so that their similarities and differences become clear.
Commenting on these algorithms, Liu Hui suggested that one could continue computing the nonintegral portion of a root in the same way, setting 10 as denominator for the first subsequent digit, 100 as denominator for the first two digits, and so on; he thus gave the root in terms comparable to decimal fractions. Moreover, in case the algorithm, which generates digit-by-digit the root of an integer N, did not stop with the digit for the units (N was not a perfect square), The Nine Chapters stated that another way of providing the result of the square root algorithm should be used: the root should be given in the form "side of N," which should be understood to mean "square root of N." Thus, quadratic irrationals (an irrational number that is the solution to some quadratic equation of the kind x2 = N) were introduced in ancient China and the commentaries attest to their use in computations.
The procedure for extracting square roots was also applied to the solution of quadratic equations (in modern notation, equations of the form x2 + bx = c). The quadratic equation appears to have been conceived of as an arithmetic operation with two terms (b and c). Moreover, the equation was thought to have only one root. The theory of equations developed in China within that framework until the 13th century. The solution by radicals that Babylonian mathematicians had already explored has not been found in the Chinese texts that survive. However, the specific approach to equations that developed in China occurs from at least the end of the 12th century onward in Arabic sources, where it is meshed with approaches from other parts of the ancient world.
Problems involving right triangles
Right-angled triangles also constituted a domain in which research continued until the 13th century in China. The so-called Pythagorean theorem is given, under an algorithmic form, in The Nine Chapters. Algorithms are provided to solve various problems on right triangles such as the following: "Given the base, and the sum of the height and of the hypotenuse, find the height and the hypotenuse." Other algorithms are given for determining the diameter of an inscribed circle and the side of an inscribed square.
The commentary of Liu Hui
Liu Hui's 3rd-century commentary on The Nine Chapters is the most important text dating from before the 13th century that contains proofs in the modern sense. His commentary on the algorithms for computing the volumes of bodies exemplifies the kind of mathematical work that he carried out throughout the book for the sake of exegesis. Liu proved the algorithms already presented in The Nine Chapters, and he also provided and proved new algorithms for the same three-dimensional volumes. In addition, he organized these algorithms, given one after the other without comment in The Nine Chapters, into a system in which proofs for one algorithm use only algorithms that had already been established independently. He used a small set of proof techniques, including dissection (even into an infinite number of pieces), decomposition into known pieces and recomposition, and a simplified version of what became known later in the West as Cavalieri's principle, which states that, if two solids of the same height are such that their corresponding sections at any level have the same areas, then they have the same volume. (See the figure.) More precisely, Liu deduced the volume of a solid whose cross sections are circles by circumscribing each section with a square. (A finer version of Cavalieri's principle was used by Zu Gengzhi in the 5th century to establish the correctness of the algorithm computing the volume of a sphere.)
The great importance of Liu Hui's commentary on The Nine Chapters lies in the fact that he proved the correctness of algorithms not only in geometry but also in arithmetic and algebra. In the course of proving algorithms given in various sections of the work, he compared them with one another and demonstrated how the same formal operations, which he called the "key steps" of computation, are brought into play in different algorithms. For example, in comparing the procedures for adding fractions and for solving simultaneous linear equations (described above)—a comparison which is carried out while establishing their correctness—Liu showed that sets of numbers are involved (numerator and denominator for a fraction, the coefficients of an equation for systems of equations) which share the property that all the numbers of a set can be multiplied by the same number without altering the mathematical meaning of that set. Both algorithms, Liu showed, proceed by multiplying the sets of numbers that enter into a problem, each by an appropriate factor, in such a way that some corresponding numbers of the sets are made equal and the other numbers are multiplied to keep intact the meaning of the whole sets. In the case of fractions, the denominators are made equal, and the numerators are changed appropriately. For linear equations, the procedure is the same as if two numbers in the same row but in different columns were made equal by an appropriate multiplication, so that one of them can be eliminated through a column-to-column subtraction; the whole columns are then multiplied by the same number so that the equations remain valid. Liu proceeded from these analogies to state new algorithms for the same problems.
The "Ten Classics"
For reasons that are still unclear, explications of the mathematical knowledge presupposed by The Nine Chapters (such as the numeration system and arithmetic operations) first appeared in later books that eventually were included in the "Ten Classics of Mathematics." Most of the subjects dealt with in the later canonical works of mathematics from ancient China relied on algorithms presented in The Nine Chapters, although sometimes they used versions of these algorithms that had a more limited range of applications.
Nevertheless, it is possible to see an ongoing evolution of some of these topics, such as root extraction and the solution of equations. For example, Sunzi suanjing ("Sunzi's Mathematical Classic") and Zhang Qiujian suanjing ("Zhang Qiujian's Mathematical Classic"), both probably written before the 5th century and included in the "Ten Classics," employed new descriptions of algorithms for the extraction of square and cube roots. The underlying procedures were the same, and they were still described in parallel ways, but the new descriptions showed more clearly the underlying mathematical object that is responsible for their similarity—namely, the equation. What changed in the descriptions was that, just as division involved a single divisor, square root extraction was shown to have two divisors and cube root extraction three divisors. (These divisors actually are coefficients of the equations that underlie the root extractions.) The divisors were shown to play similar roles in the algorithms. Moreover, in setting up the algorithms, the divisors were arranged one above the other, yielding a place-value notation for the underlying equations: the row in which a number occurred was associated with the power of the unknown whose coefficient it was. However, at that time equations were neither written nor conceptualized in terms of such a place-value notation. Early in the 7th century, Wang Xiaotong generalized the cube root extraction method to solve some third-degree equations using counting rods. It was only much later that the concept and representation of equations begat a full-fledged place-value notation.
The "Ten Classics" also attests to research on topics that were not mentioned in The Nine Chapters but that were to be the subject of some of the highest mathematical achievements of the Song and Yuan dynasties (960–1368). For example, "Sunzi's Mathematical Classic" presents this congruence problem:
Suppose one has an unknown number of objects. If one counts them by threes, there remain two of them. If one counts them by fives, there remain three of them. If one counts them by sevens, there remain two of them. How many objects are there?
The procedure used to solve the problem is difficult to understand, because it is described in a very condensed manner. But it clearly belongs to the tradition that eventually led to a general algorithm for solving such problems.
Scholarly revival, 11th–13th centuries
Theory of root extraction and equations
Research appears to have resumed in the 11th century with the reediting of the "Ten Classics" and the production of new commentaries. Within this context new developments took place in branches of mathematics that had been explored at least since The Nine Chapters, attesting to a continuity of mathematical practice. For example, regarding root extraction, in the 11th century Jia Xian is said to have given an algorithm for finding a fourth root using a method similar to the one now known as the Ruffini-Horner method. Jia's algorithm operated on a column of rows set up on the counting surface in such a way that it still involved a place-value notation for the underlying equations. The intermediate values obtained in each row (actually the coefficients of the underlying equations) resulted from operations that involved only the numbers located in the rows below. Again, the algorithm made use of the configuration given to this set of numbers in an essential way. In addition, the procedures used to compute the successive numbers in any row were all the same. The new algorithm highlighted that the rows experience the same transformations throughout the procedure—indicating a continued interest in the homogeneity of row operations in the descriptions of square and cube root extraction. As a consequence, division, square root extraction, and cube root extraction now appeared to be particular cases of the same general operation, which also covered extraction of nth roots. In fact, only the number of rows on which the algorithm operated determined the nature of the operation: three rows for a square root, four rows for a cube root, and so on.
More generally, research on the solution of equations also resumed and revealed that the same basic algorithm could be extended to find a root of any algebraic equation. The first step documented in this direction, by the 11th- or 12th-century scholar Liu Yi, was finding roots of quadratic equations that have positive or negative coefficients. The coefficients, whatever their sign, were entered in the table for root extraction, and the square root algorithm was adapted to each situation.
Later, Qin Jiushao's Shushu jiuzhang (1247; "Mathematical Treatise in Nine Chapters") attested to the use of an algorithm extending Jia Xian's procedure to find "the" root of any equation. (Most Chinese mathematicians still clung to the idea that an equation had just one proper solution.) By that time, general equations of any degree were used and were represented by a full-fledged place-value notation. This seems to indicate that it was the slow evolution of the algorithms of root extraction and their comparison that produced a fully developed concept of the equation. Similar methods (with a slightly different notation) were well known to Li Ye, and his Ceyuan haijing ("Sea Mirror of Circle Measurements"), written only one year after Qin completed his book, takes the search for the root of equations for granted. Li lived in North China, while Qin lived in the South, and is thought to have worked without knowing Qin's achievements. It is thus highly probable that these methods were well known before the middle of the 13th century.
In parallel to Jia Xian's algorithm described above, another method developed for determining an nth root or finding the root of an equation of any degree, using the coefficients of what is now called Pascal's triangle and the same place-value representation (see the figure).
The method of the celestial unknown
Li Ye's book also contains a method, unknown to Qin Jiushao, that seems to have flourished in North China for some decades before Li completed "Sea Mirror of Circle Measurements." This method explains how to use polynomial arithmetic to find equations to solve a problem. Li's book is the oldest surviving work that explains this method, but it was probably not the first to deal with it. In this book polynomials are also arranged according to a positional notation. Thus, x2 − 3x + 5 + 7/x2 is represented as
A character is added next to the 5 (replaced by a dot on the image) to indicate that it is a constant term. The location of the coefficient indicates the power of the indeterminate with which it is associated. This indeterminate is called "the celestial unknown."
Research continued on these topics for several decades, as can be seen from the completion in 1299 of Suanxue qimeng ("Introduction to Mathematical Science") by Zhu Shijie, which devotes some problems to presenting the "procedure of the celestial unknown." Moreover, it is known that some mathematicians used this representation for polynomials in two or three unknowns; however, their writings are lost. In his second surviving book, Siyuan yujian ("Precious Mirror of the Four Elements"), Zhu made use of four unknowns. Starting from the centre of the counting board, in the two horizontal and the two vertical directions, he put in increasing order of their powers what came from each of the four unknowns. As soon as positive and negative powers of the indeterminates or too many mixed terms occurred, however, he had to use tricks that were in conflict with the principles of the place-value notation. In problems where there was more than one unknown, he had to use a method of elimination of a common unknown between two equations.
Chinese remainder theorem
Qin Jiushao's book also contains algorithms for the general congruence problem, an example of which was given in Sunzi's 5th-century treatise, where its solution was too obscure to be understood. This problem amounts to determining a number, the remainders of which are known when it is divided by given numbers (called moduli). There is no extant work between Sunzi's treatise and Qin's book of 1247 that reveals how this algorithm was elaborated. Such problems seem to have been worked out because of calendrical computation. Qin introduced his discussion by saying that his goal was to clarify several procedures used by astronomers who were applying them without understanding them. His solution is known today as the Chinese remainder theorem. He dealt with the case when moduli are relatively prime, and he then reduced the case when they are not by first eliminating common factors. The first case is easily solved when x can be found that satisfies the congruence xa ≡ 1 (mod b), a and b being two given relatively prime numbers (suppose a < b). Qin gave an algorithm for this, using a sequence of quotients in searching for the greatest common divisor of a and b, which is also the sequence of convergents for the continued fraction for b/a. Having them, he was then able to compute x.
Fall into oblivion, 14th–16th centuries
Little is known about what happened to Chinese mathematics after Zhu Shijie, but surviving books from the following centuries attest to a progressive loss of the great achievements of the Song-Yuan period. In the 16th century a mathematician's comments on Li Ye's "Sea Mirror of Circle Measurements" show that the method of the celestial unknown was no longer understood. By the 17th century it seems to have been completely forgotten. Rods were then no longer used as a counting tool, so perhaps Chinese algebraic place-value notations, deprived of the instrument on which they were based, could not be understood.
On the other hand, there was a rapid diffusion of the abacus, for which many books were written. One of them, the Suanfa tongzong ("Systematic Treatise on Mathematics") by Cheng Dawei (1592), had a special significance. In addition to its detailed treatment of arithmetic on the abacus, it provided a summa of mathematical knowledge assembled by the author after 20 years of bibliographic research. Re-edited several times through the 19th century, the "Systematic Treatise" was the main source—and still is an important source—available to scholars in China, and more generally in East Asia, concerning mathematics as it developed in China's tradition.
When European missionaries arrived in China at the end of the 16th century, they found people interested in science (so that the missionaries were accepted in China because of their scientific knowledge) but unaware of their own past in mathematics. An era of translations of Western works then started, the first six books of Euclid's Elements being translated by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci and Xu Guangqi in 1607. In parallel to this process of translation, Chinese scholars attempted to find ancient books, to understand them, and to synthesize the Chinese and Western traditions. In the 18th century, with the help of Western algebra, Mei Juecheng deciphered the ancient texts dealing with the method of the celestial unknown. This triggered a renewed search for ancient Chinese sources and attempts to revive mathematical research with traditional Chinese methods.


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LONDON (AP) — Just. Stop. Raining.
That was the unusual plea published in an editorial in The Times of London on Saturday, a measure of Britons' growing frustration with months of miserable weather.
"Let us make our position crystal clear: We are against this weather," the venerable newspaper wrote in an unsigned opinion piece. "It must stop raining, and soon."
The U.K. is slogging through some of the wettest conditions in recent history. Nearly every day seems to bring showers, sprinkles, drizzles, or downpours. On Saturday alone, England's Environment Agency registered some 75 flood alerts and warnings across the country, including the west England county of Shropshire, where fire and rescue officials received an anguished phone call from a woman who found herself waist-deep in water overnight.
Area manager Martin Timmis said he was seeing flash floods almost every week as storms dumped more water on the already-saturated ground of a country not unused to wet weather.
"What's unprecedented is that this is becoming a regular occurrence," he said in a telephone interview. "The rain comes down and it's got nowhere to go."
The soggy scenario has been repeated around the U.K., with summer music festivals washed out, sporting events soaked, and spirits dampened by the non-stop precipitation. Earlier this month the MFEST music festival in the English city of Leeds — where The Human League, Texas, Bob Geldof and Cher Lloyd were all booked to perform — was canceled due to the foul weather.
This week the Hit Factory Live, scheduled to feature pop princess Kylie Minogue, was canceled after London's Hyde Park was turned into a mucky quagmire.
Last week torrential downpours forced organizers to turn fans away from qualifying rounds of the British Grand Prix in Silverstone. Rain also delayed play and forced the roof to close at Sunday's Wimbledon tennis final, which saw Andy Murray lose out to Roger Federer as disappointed fans camped out in the mud outside Centre Court.
Britain's Meteorological Office says the jet stream, the narrow band of fast-moving wind which flows west to east across the Atlantic, may be in part to blame for the run of foul weather. In a blog post the weather service explained that the jet stream generally resides north of Britain during the summer months, guiding unsettled weather systems away from the country. This year, however, the jet stream has been stubbornly stuck to the country's south, "guiding those systems straight to us" and leading to the wettest June on record.
In its editorial, The Times lamented that the country was full of discounted swimwear, unsold garden furniture, and unused barbecues. It even said that the country's potato harvest has been affected — pushing up the price of chips — or fries, to Americans.
"When the proverbial cheapness of chips comes under threat, The Times says enough is enough," the editorial said.
"The British climate is supposed to be unpredictable," it continued. "At the moment, it is anything but. If sustained sunshine is too much to ask for, most of us would settle for a little bit of fickle."
Met Office spokeswoman Sarah Holland was apologetic, saying in an email that while the weather was disappointing, "unfortunately there is nothing we can do about it."
Holland said that "some more pleasant conditions" were forecast over the next month, when the Olympic Games get underway, although there was little sign of that in London on Saturday, where the skies were a threatening whitish grey.
Holland added that Sunday "will be a much brighter and sunnier day than today," but then she added, "with only light showers at times."
The editorial: http://thetim.es/OEOgKG (subscription required)
The Met Office explains Britain's soggy summer: http://bit.ly/MmNVgW
Raphael Satter can be reached at: http://raphae.li/twitter


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Shane -- Just so we're really clear: if a user authenticates with Yahoo! on site A and controls preferences on that site, does the out of band consent dialogue Jonathan showed invalidate DNT-1: on site A? in general? Best, Tamir On 6/15/2012 11:29 PM, Tamir Israel wrote: > Ok. > > On 6/15/2012 2:07 PM, Shane Wiley wrote: >> DAA Opt-out and single-sign on are not related. There are some >> implementations where the ID is needed beyond the authentication >> event and therefore data collection occurs outside of the initial >> authentication event. Users do NOT need to choose Yahoo! as their ID >> provider if they feel uncomfortable with that outcome. >> >> - Shane >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: Tamir Israel [mailto:email@example.com] >> Sent: Friday, June 15, 2012 10:56 AM >> To: Shane Wiley >> Cc: Rigo Wenning; email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; Kimon >> Zorbas; email@example.com; JC Cannon (Microsoft) >> Subject: Re: Identity providers as first parties >> >> Shane, >> >> Maybe we are getting sidetracked. >> >> Can you please explain the scope of tracking that results from using >> Yahoo!'s IdM mechanism? Does it mean you can track all my activities on >> the specific authenticated site? If so does this carry across multiple >> explicitly authenticated sites? Does it operate in a manner analogous to >> single sign-on? How does it interact with the existing DAA opt-out? >> >> Thanks and best regards, >> Tamir >> >> On 6/15/2012 11:28 AM, Shane Wiley wrote: >>> Tamir, >>> >>> Any service gets to determine its own primary purpose - so if OBA is >>> the payment for the service and this is disclosed as a primary >>> purpose, then that's the bargain the users can choose to consent to >>> or not. >>> >>> - Shane >>> >>> -----Original Message----- >>> From: Tamir Israel [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] >>> Sent: Friday, June 15, 2012 8:21 AM >>> To: Shane Wiley >>> Cc: Rigo Wenning; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; Kimon >>> Zorbas; email@example.com; JC Cannon (Microsoft) >>> Subject: Re: Identity providers as first parties >>> >>> Shane -- >>> >>> There are 2 questions here. One is whether you can bundle in the >>> obligation to consent to secondary purposes as a condition of >>> authentication in an IdM context. The primary service in an IdM context >>> is authentication, not OBA. >>> >>> The second is to what extent the DNT spec should address this. I took >>> the 'independent choice' out of band consent criteria as an attempt to >>> prevent bundling of choices. >>> >>> Best, >>> Tamir >>> >>> On 6/15/2012 11:06 AM, Shane Wiley wrote: >>>> Tamir, >>>> >>>> But in the use case we're discussing the service being provided is >>>> the primary purpose - a user's online identity. A service >>>> determines its primary purpose, discloses this to the user, user >>>> consents. Case closed. >>>> >>>> - Shane >>>> >>>> -----Original Message----- >>>> From: Tamir Israel [mailto:email@example.com] >>>> Sent: Friday, June 15, 2012 8:02 AM >>>> To: Shane Wiley >>>> Cc: Rigo Wenning; email@example.com; email@example.com; Kimon >>>> Zorbas; firstname.lastname@example.com; JC Cannon (Microsoft) >>>> Subject: Re: Identity providers as first parties >>>> >>>> Shane, I disagree. Under PIPEDA you should offer users the possibility >>>> of opting out of collection, use or disclosure for purposes >>>> secondary to >>>> the primary service being offered. >>>> >>>> This is the basis of the opt-out consent scheme being applied to >>>> online >>>> tracking. >>>> >>>> Best, >>>> Tamir >>>> >>>> On 6/15/2012 10:58 AM, Shane Wiley wrote: >>>>> Tamir, >>>>> >>>>> I disagree and PIPEDA does as well. As long as you're clear to a >>>>> user what a service provides and a user expressly consents to >>>>> those practices, the discussion is over. >>>>> >>>>> Please don't try to raise CA regulatory schemes into conversations >>>>> on one hand then completely reverse your stance at whim - this >>>>> seriously undermines your credibility. >>>>> >>>>> - Shane >>>>> >>>>> -----Original Message----- >>>>> From: Tamir Israel [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] >>>>> Sent: Friday, June 15, 2012 7:54 AM >>>>> To: Shane Wiley >>>>> Cc: Rigo Wenning; firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; Kimon >>>>> Zorbas; firstname.lastname@example.com; JC Cannon (Microsoft) >>>>> Subject: Re: Identity providers as first parties >>>>> >>>>> Shane -- >>>>> >>>>> The need for independent choice is critical, I think, to the out >>>>> of band >>>>> consent scheme. You shouldn't be able to force users out of their DNT >>>>> choices as a condition of authentication. >>>>> >>>>> Best, >>>>> Tamir >>>>> >>>>> On 6/15/2012 10:48 AM, Shane Wiley wrote: >>>>>> Rigo, >>>>>> >>>>>> DNT will NEVER trump an out-of-band consent. The user would >>>>>> simply withdraw from using the service they had provided prior >>>>>> consent to. If the product would like to offer two levels of >>>>>> service, it can of course do that, but that would be completely >>>>>> outside the scope of DNT. >>>>>> >>>>>> DNT is not the privacy silver bullet and answer to all privacy >>>>>> issues on the Internet - let's stop trying to push it in that >>>>>> direction. >>>>>> >>>>>> Thank you, >>>>>> - Shane >>>>>> >>>>>> -----Original Message----- >>>>>> From: Rigo Wenning [mailto:email@example.com] >>>>>> Sent: Friday, June 15, 2012 1:28 AM >>>>>> To: firstname.lastname@example.com >>>>>> Cc: Shane Wiley; firstname.lastname@example.com; Kimon Zorbas; email@example.com; >>>>>> Tamir Israel; JC Cannon (Microsoft) >>>>>> Subject: Re: Identity providers as first parties >>>>>> >>>>>> Shane, Kimon, >>>>>> >>>>>> On Thursday 14 June 2012 16:47:03 Shane Wiley wrote: >>>>>>> I've used a few others and they appears to do the same so I'm >>>>>>> confused as to what real-world identity provider scenario someone >>>>>>> is considering where consent wasn't already obtained? >>>>>> I confirm that we agreed that the out-of-band agreement will trump >>>>>> the DNT:1 signal. We also agreed that the service has to signal this >>>>>> to the client. >>>>>> >>>>>> I guess, what Rob is trying to achieve is to say, even in this >>>>>> context, a service could offer the choice of stopping to track and >>>>>> only use information for the login/authentication purpose. This >>>>>> could be the meaning of DNT:1 if the Service sends ACK in a >>>>>> login/authentication context. If you're looking for medical >>>>>> information in a login context, you don't want your login provider >>>>>> to spawn that to your insurance. I think this is a very legitimate >>>>>> use case. The service could say: "yes, I see your point" and send >>>>>> ACK instead of "out-of-band". >>>>>> >>>>>> We are just defining switches. People will decide whether they >>>>>> switch stuff on or off or provide a switch at all. >>>>>> >>>>>> Rigo >Received on Sunday, 17 June 2012 00:24:09 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Friday, 3 November 2017 21:44:51 UTC


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Merry Christmas season!
I am working on a new collaboration on YouTube with Chansherly – watch this space. In the meantime, here is one I did earlier. I hope to write a bit more regularly in 2011 – this year has been a busy one and I've neglected the blogs a bit. So look on this as a renewal ahead of the new year:-)


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Stocks rose on Tuesday as investors shrugged off worries about what the Federal Reserve is up to.
Many expect the Fed to reduce its $85 billion monthly bond-buying program after a two-day meeting that began on Tuesday. Wall Street is hoping for a small reduction, because the bond-buying has had the effect of keeping interest rates ultra-low and making it cheaper to borrow money.
Shortly after noon Eastern, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 38 points, or 0.3 percent, at 15,533.
The Standard & Poor's 500 index rose six points, or 0.4 percent, at 1,704. The S&P 500 was five points below its record high reached on Aug. 2.
The Nasdaq composite was up 22 points, or 0.6 percent, at 3,740.
By some measures, stock market values are as high compared to the size of the nation's economy as they were at the end of the Internet bubble in 2000, said Martin Leclerc , Principal, Chief Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager of Barrack Yard Advisors in Bryn Mawr, Pa.
Then, there was at least the justification of new technology.
"Now, the only justification we have is cheap money," Leclerc said.
Nonetheless, Leclerc said, with a bull market underway stocks could keep climbing regardless of valuations. "This thing is a powerful beast," he said.
Eight out of 10 industry groups in the S&P 500 rose, led by technology. Materials and health care stocks were the only two sectors that fell.
A few companies benefited from large investments.
Safeway, a major grocery store chain, jumped $2.46, or 9 percent, to $30.50 after saying an unnamed investor had bought a significant amount of its stock. Safeway said it adopted a "poison-pill" defense measure to thwart any hostile takeover attempt.
Aeropostale jumped $1.49, or 17 percent, to $10.10 after Sycamore Partners disclosed an 8 percent stake in the teen retailer. And Huntsman, a chemical maker, rose 50 cents, or 3 percent, to $19.67 after saying it will pay $1.1 billion for two businesses from Rockwood Holdings, which rose 48 cents, or 0.7 percent, to $67.09.
Other companies making big moves included:
— Abercrombie & Fitch rode Aeropostale's coattails, moving up $1.01, or 2.7 percent, to $38.35.
— Microsoft rose after announcing a 22 percent dividend increase and a $40 billion stock buyback program. Microsoft gained 30 cents, or 1 percent, to $33.10.
— Outerwall, which owns the Redbox DVD kiosks, plunged $6.98, or 8 percent, to $48.99 after slashing its outlook because of weaker-than-expected demand for discs.
Overseas markets moved lower. The FTSE-100 in Britain fell 0.8 percent, the DAX in Germany and the CAC-40 in France both fell slightly. Japan's Nikkei fell 0.6 percent.
Also Tuesday, the Labor Department reported that U.S consumer prices barely rose last month, the latest sign that slow economic growth is keeping inflation tame.
The price of crude oil fell $1.35, or 1.4 percent, to $105.25 a barrel in New York. The yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury note edged down to 2.85 percent from 2.86 percent late Monday.
Stocks higher as Fed kicks off 2-day meeting
Stocks rose on Tuesday as investors shrugged off worries about what the Federal Reserve is up to.