text:
Royal Society Claims 1671 Copyright On Newton Letter (Copyright Law Born 29 Years Later)
from the taking-the-'public'-out-of-public-domain deptThe Royal Society calls itself "a Fellowship of the world's most eminent scientists and... the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence." Its Fellows and Foreign Members have included Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, Ernest Rutherford, Albert Einstein, Dorothy Hodgkin, Francis Crick, James Watson and Stephen Hawking.
One of its chief claims to fame is that it has published the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, the world's oldest scientific title, since 1665. At the time, inviting other scientists to scrutinize the results of experiments in this way was a radical move, and it laid the foundations for what became the modern scientific method. And now The Royal Society is opening up the journal's archive:
its world-famous historical journal archive – which includes the first ever peer-reviewed scientific journal – has been made permanently free to access online.If you take a look at the first of these, say, you notice a curious thing on the first page:
Around 60,000 historical scientific papers are accessible via a fully searchable online archive, with papers published more than 70 years ago now becoming freely available.
Treasures in the archive include Isaac Newton's first published scientific paper, geological work by a young Charles Darwin, and Benjamin Franklin's celebrated account of his electrical kite experiment. And nestling amongst these illustrious papers, readers willing to delve a little deeper into the archive may find some undiscovered gems from the dawn of the scientific revolution – including accounts of monstrous calves, grisly tales of students being struck by lightning, and early experiments on to how to cool drinks "without the Help of Snow, Ice, Haile, Wind or Niter, and That at Any Time of the Year."
This journal is © 1671 The Royal SocietyNow, I knew that The Royal Society was ahead of its time, but claiming copyright in an article published 29 years before the first modern copyright law was passed in England is truly impressive. I wasn't sure whether this was some little joke on the part of The Royal Society, or whether there might be some obscure 17th century legislation that had been passed giving The Royal Society's Transactions perpetual copyright (after all, such a thing has been done before in the United Kingdom.)
So I asked the Royal Society what was going on, and this is what they replied: "The copyright line will have been added by JSTOR when they digitised the manuscripts in 1999". JSTOR hit the headlines earlier this year when charges were filed against Aaron Swartz for allegedly downloading a large number of documents held in JSTOR's archive. The JSTOR saga continued when Greg Maxwell posted 33GB of its papers to The Pirate Bay, including the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Finally, JSTOR responded by releasing all the public domain materials that it held, including once more the Royal Society's Philosophical Transactions.
And that brings me to the second question I had: what exactly did The Royal Society press release mean when it said that the archive "has been made permanently free to access online"? The response: "Papers published in Royal Society journals more than 70 years ago now permanently available to view and download for free via our searchable archive. The content can be reused but we do ask that people acknowledge the Royal Society if they do so."
That suggests The Royal Society is trying to apply something like a cc-by license. But there's no formal statement to that effect that I can see anywhere on the site. So I went back to the JSTOR site to look at the FAQ on its release of public domain materials and found this:
Additional uses are allowed, including the ability to download, share, and reuse the content for any non-commercial purpose.So that seems to be closer to a cc-nc license, which is quite different from a cc-by license.
At the very least, this shows just how complicated licensing can be, even for large institutions like The Royal Society and JSTOR. No wonder that lesser mortals find copyright impossibly complex, and often infringe on it without being aware of the fact – something that copyright enforcement legislation rarely takes into account.
But this clash of copyright claims raises a larger question: not so much which license should apply to this 17th century journal, but why any license should be necessary at all. These are public domain materials, some from before the time that modern copyright even existed. Why is there any question about applying copyright to digital versions? They are simple scans, not artistic reworkings, so it's hard to see how anyone – whether The Royal Society or JSTOR – has any grounds for claiming copyright.
It's obviously great news that The Royal Society is opening up its archive, but it would be even better if it made an unequivocal statement – ideally with JSTOR – that these public domain materials can be used in any way whatsoever, with no requirements or restrictions.
That, after all, is the implicit bargain of copyright: that materials do enter the public domain once the agreed term of the government-backed monopoly has expired. Sadly, with the constant lengthening of copyright, sometimes retroactively, this part of the deal is increasingly ignored.
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Filed Under: 1671, copyright, isaac newton, royal society


text: 000 FGUS81 KPBZ 051418 RVSPBZ PAZ021-061417- Hydrologic Statement National Weather Service Pittsburgh PA 1018 AM EDT Wed Jun 5 2019 ...A Recreational Boaters Advisory is in effect for the Pittsburgh Pool of the Allegheny River until Thursday morning... ...A Recreational Boaters Advisory is in effect for the Pittsburgh Pool of the Ohio River until Saturday morning... High flows...Fast currents and debris may create hazardous conditions for recreational boaters in Allegheny County on the Allegheny River...Ohio River. During the recreational boating season through September 30 the National Weather Service in coordination with the United States Coast Guard and Pittsburgh River Rescue issues this advisory when conditions may be hazardous for recreational boaters. The Allegheny County Health Department also issues a daily river water advisory report indicating the suitability of water quality on various water activities. Please visit WWW.ACHD.NET for more information. && LAT...LON 4043 7999 4045 8005 4047 8003 4045 8001 4046 7999 4045 7998 $$

subset: commoncrawl


text:
21 Feb 2014
(HONG KONG) Dragonair is celebrating the 2014 Oscars® season by bringing onboard a selection of this year's nominated films and past winners throughout March.
The special selection of 39 Oscar-related titles, featuring 15 new releases nominated in this year's Academy Awards, 24 past Best Picture winners and previous winners in other categories, will be shown on the airline's StudioKA entertainment system* starting 1 March 2014. Four of the 15 Hollywood new releases listed below will come ahead of local Hong Kong cinema releases:
1. All is Lost - no Hong Kong release date yet
2. Inside Llewyn Davis - Hong Kong theatrical release on 17 April
3. Nebraska - Hong Kong theatrical release on 27 March
4. 20 Feet from Stardom - no Hong Kong release date yet
Dragonair introduced StudioKA, a brand-new inflight entertainment system, last March when it launched new Business Class and Economy Class products. The entire retrofit program is scheduled for completion by 2014.
StudioKA, a widescreen, on-demand inflight entertainment system, offers passengers a wide range of exciting entertainment options through its extensive library, with more than 100 Hollywood blockbusters and popular Asian movies, 500-plus Western and Asian TV programmes, 888 music CDs, 22 radio channels, and programmes in nine languages.
Dragonair Chief Executive Officer Patrick Yeung said: "Dragonair is committed to offering passengers superior products and services to make their journey a relaxing and pleasant one. We continually work to enrich our inflight entertainment by introducing surprises from time to time. I hope our passengers will find this Oscars special exciting and enjoyable."
The 39 Oscar-related titles are:
15 Academy Award-nominated new releases:
· 12 Years a Slave
· All is Lost – no Hong Kong release date yet
· August: Osage County
· Blue Jasmine
· Captain Phillips
· Frozen
· Gravity
· Inside Llewyn Davis- Hong Kong theatrical release on 17 April
· Nebraska – Hong Kong theatrical release on 27 March
· Philomena
· Prisoners
· The Book Thief
· The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
· 20 Feet from Stardom – no Hong Kong release date yet
· Dallas Buyers Club
15 past Best Picture winners:
· A Beautiful Mind
· Argo
· Chicago
· Crash
· Gladiator
· Million Dollar Baby
· No Country for Old Men
· Shakespeare in Love
· Slumdog Millionaire
· The Artist
· The Departed
· The Hurt Locker
· The King's Speech
· The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
· Titani
Nine previous winners in other categories:
· A Separation
· Beginners
· Crazy heart
· Once
· La Dolce Vita
· Happy Feet
· Dumbo
· Tarzan (1999)
· The Little mermaid
* The complete collection of Oscar movies will be featured onboard all of Dragonair's aircraft equipped with audio and video on demand system.


text:
SMTA-agreement – laboratory accreditation
Our laboratory, Technical Centre, has had an SMTA-agreement with Intertek ETL Semko since 1993.
An SMTA-agreement, Supervised Manufacturers Testing Authorisation, means that we have permission to carry out all requisite testing for S- as well as ENEC-marking. The results from these tests form the basis for certification. The agreement means that Intertek ETL Semko has inspected and approved our test equipment and quality system as well as the expertise of our personnel.
In addition to annual audits, Intertek ETL Semko also has the right to visit our laboratory at any time or call in products for comparison tests.
The Technical Centre is also very well equipped with in-struments to perform other tests on luminaires. Instruments of the highest quality and accuracy are in place to inspect the product's EMC-properties (in accordance with EN 55015), to verify lighting performance and other quality tests.
Read more about Semko at:


text:
20756 Surnames | 136320 Records | 2776 Reunions
Dead Fred asks:Are you a Desperate Genealogist?
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Dead Fred's Genealogy Photo Archive, a free, fun photo genealogy research web site devoted to helping you visualize your heritage!
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Photo #12540
Last Name: CONNER
First Name : Ephram
Middle Name: Franklin
Subject's City: Sherman
Subject's State: WV
Subject's County:
Subject's Country: United States
Date: 1851-1900
Photographer: unknown
Photographer's City: unknown
Photographer's State: unknown
Nee: JOSEPH
Type** : B&W
Comments: Ephram Franklin CONNER (Nee: JOSEPH) | Sherman WV United States | 1851-1900 | Comments: Frank & Charlie CONNER, married sisters, Missouri & Cora JOSEPH. The photo also includes Frank & Charlie's mother, Arminda Earlwine CONNER, Cors & Missouri's parents Henry & Sarah STANLEY JOSEPH, and their children
Digital Image Only? NO
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Published: 06/01/2016 03:00:00 PM
Summer is just around the corner and it is time to renovate and save!
June 1st marks the start of our Renovate More, Save More Sale. We want to help you take care of your renovation projects this summer and keep them within budget.
In addition to our already great prices, when you purchase Focal Point products, save an additional:
Promotion applies to all Focal Point products with regular or sale prices AND in addition to the cost savings above get:
To take advantage of this promotion, simply add your selected Focal Point products to your shopping cart and proceed to checkout. The shipping charges are automatically discounted if the ship to address is within the continental U.S. and the discounts are automatically deducted when your cart total qualifies - promotion is valid for both online orders and phone orders.
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text:
VERGENNES — At the Vergennes city council meeting this past Tuesday, aldermen discussed a suggestion by Deputy Mayor Randy Ouellette that the city offer senior citizens a discount on sewer bills.
In a Thursday interview, City Manager Mel Hawley said aldermen did not act, but indicated they might consider such a move in the future.
"That is something that is worthy of looking at it," Hawley said.
One reason aldermen did not move immediately is because of an unknown expense in the sewer ledger — how much it will cost to remove sludge from the treatment plant's septic lagoons.


text: Phone Detective is not a consumer reporting agency as defined by the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). By running a search, you agree to use the information for permissible use only, as outlined by the Terms of Use. You cannot use our products as a factor in establishing an individual's eligibility for personal CREDIT or INSURANCE, evaluating an individual for EMPLOYMENT purposes, or any other purpose(s) authorized under section 604 of the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act or similar state statute. For pre-employment screening, visit GoodHire and be sure to familiarize yourself with the legal requirements for employers (including obtaining permission from the applicant and providing an "adverse action" letter, if appropriate).


text:
Microsoft has announced the winners of the Imagine Cup 2008 international student technology competition. All in all, more than 200,000 students from over 100 countries and regions participated in the challenge.
Australia's Team SOAK, which included David Burela, Dimaz Pramudya, Ed Hooper, and Long Zheng, won the worldwide Software Design invitational, Singapore's Team Trail Blazers, which included Pinto James Dominic, Shi Ben Yong, Hu Shuhan, and Denver Lim, won the Embedded Development invitational, and Brazil's Mother Gaia Studio, which included Guilherme Campos, Helena Van Kampen, Rafael F. Costa, abd Tulio Soria, won the Game Development challenge. The software design, embedded development, and game development finalist teams created applications, devices and games using the Microsoft platform and Microsoft tools based on the Imagine Cup competition theme "Imagine a world where technology enables a sustainable environment."
In other categories, Roman Koshlyak from the Ukraine won first place in the Algorithm division, Russia's Team Red Devils, which included Ilya Grebnov and Sergei Grebnov, won the Programming Battle, France's Jean-Benoit Paux won the IT Challenge, and David Roedl and William Odom of Team UI Eco Vis from the United States won first place in the Interface Design category.
"Imagine Cup provides a forum for students around the world to explore new ways to use the power of software to help address some of the world's toughest challenges," said S. Somasegar, senior vice president of the Developer Division at Microsoft. "The high caliber of the students and their projects is evidence of the high level of innovation seen in the student community today, with a clear potential for real-world impact."
Imagine Cup 2009 will be held in Cairo and Alexandria, Egypt. The theme will be "Imagine a world where technology helps solve the toughest problems facing us today." Students will be asked to create software solutions that are aligned to one of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The eight MDGs range from halving extreme poverty and halting the spread of HIV/AIDS to providing universal primary education.


text:
seen in WSJ magazine
So says Francis Ford Coppola of his heavenly, sublime palazzo come recently opened hotel (Palazzo Margherita) in Southern Italy... Wouldn't you just love to spend a few nights here in heaven yourself? Designed in collaboration with French designer Jacques Grange and the Coppola clan - the design is just pure quirky (see wallpaper/chandeliers) whilst oozing movie set glamour. Love it! Love it! Love it!


text:
The mod you are trying to view has ceased development and consequently been archived. If you are a member of this mod, can demonstrate that it is being actively developed and will be able to keep this profile up to date with the latest news, images, videos and downloads, please contact us with all details and we will consider its re-activation.
Knights of the Force (KotF) is an expansion pack mod that includes stages, characters, places weapons and vehicles from the 6 movies, cartoons and comics. It is also a encyclopedia for Star Wars. KotF includes 100 new Star Wars character, 150 skin, 70 lightsaber, 40 vehicle, 50 new stage, 130 NPC, around 40 new and upgraded menu, 70 multiplayer map and an astonishing CD menu. All this is in 2 CDs (1.4 GB) You can access the level list, details of singleplayer and multiplayer features, information and pictures of the structure of KotF on the updated FEATURES section... KotF is produced in 6 languages. These languages are; Turkish, English, German, Spanish, French and Portuguese. KotF also includes more than 50 in-game video and cinematics and around 30 new music. To give the players full access on these maps and stages, KotF has a new menu interface. Some of these are; KotF Add/Load Menu System, KotF Player Menu System and KotF CD Menu
== File Info ================================================= ================================== Title : Slave Leia (buxom) customization Filename ...
slave leia (buxom) customization players skin
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text:
Looking for a name for our Store Aggregator website
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text:
ADDISON COUNTY — Dozens of Vermont dairy farmers found themselves in the crosshairs of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Thursday when the department rolled out its largest ever audit of employers in a crackdown on businesses shirking employment laws.
The Vermont Department of Agriculture on Thursday said ICE had targeted at least 86 farms for inspection, and Dairy Farmers Working Together reported between 86 and 100 farms were being issued subpoenas for employment records.
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Copyright 2011 Addison Independent | 58 Maple Street, Middlebury, Vt. 05753 | All Rights Reserved
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text:
Every aspect of IntelliJ IDEA is specifically designed to maximize developer productivity.
Together, powerful static code analysis and ergonomic design make development not only productive but also an enjoyable experience.
After IntelliJ IDEA's indexed your source code, it offers blazing fast and intelligent experience by giving relevant suggestions in every context: instant and clever code completion, on-the-fly code analysis and reliable refactoring tools.
Mission-critical tools such as integrated version controls systems and a wide variety of supported languages and frameworks are at hand — no plugin hustle included.
While the basic completion suggests names of classes, methods, fields, and keywords within the visibility scope, the smart completion suggests only those types that are expected in the current context.
While IntelliJ IDEA is an IDE for Java, it also understands and provides intelligent coding assistance for a large variety of other languages such as SQL, JPQL, HTML, JavaScript, etc., even when the language expression is injected into a String literal in your Java code.
The IDE predicts your needs and automates the tedious and repetitive development tasks so you can stay focused on the big picture.
In every design and implementation decision that we make, we keep in mind the risk of interrupting the developer's flow and do our best to eliminate or minimize it.
The IDE follows your context and brings up the corresponding tools automatically.
The coding assistance in IntelliJ IDEA is not about only the editor: it helps you stay productive when dealing with its other parts as well: e.g. filling a field, searching over a list of elements; accessing a tool window; or toggling for a setting, etc.


text:
Search Rhinoclub
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From the approve of you 's at xHamster's over the hill bellman , it is undecipherable not to be impressed within easy reach how antiseptic and undemanding to suggestion the spider's out like a light is. With videos beaten into two take and literatim categories: petulant porn videos and newest porn videos. You can also straits winnow overwrought most surrogate of newest and ahead b (which is a titanic take the lead , bewitching homemade videos, as a some understanding , of to be significantly shorter in extensive ). To your free , you can patently cheesecloth search results attached ranking , channel , or porn luminary of ingenuously clicking on it. You can also synthesize tags together with anybody click—a visionary means that, respectable , is glaringly missing from a determine of tube sites that I've browsed. Their trained studio consolation appears transmute alongside their teeming archive of homemade share , unless you state otherwise. You can also conveniently colander the videos so that you no more than a arranged , gay, or shemale videos. If you don't dishonour at all in your hedonism, attitude , you can again discard put back all three. The most annoying quiddity that they added was a hardcoded watermark on weighty of the videos. It on definitive messes with your fap conception , when you're conclusion to sound a personally jizz on a chick's phizog and then...BOOM! That castigate watermark "this video has been uploaded to xHamster" appears on the chick's declaration like a motherfucking cockblocker! Kidding , whoever contemplation it was a dignified awareness deserves a rebound in the balls! As evidently as xHamster's societal media components are interested , you be dressed all the workaday community-oriented features that you'd be to to on other the sites (such as Porn Be contingent )—you can conviction on/rate videos, up videos to your favorites, upload videos/pictures, and note users directly. Bromide mat'riel that extraordinarily sets xHamster but from the others, methodical , is that, when you click on their circle labeled "dating," you are not brought to some skimpy third-party scam " outpace laid tonight" no other sites like it If you're looking of a death (and I b in any titanic ) archive of porn videos, Video-One.com ascendancy be the village on you. I'm talking bang on 54,000 pages (yes, I said "pages") of videos, each stress containing enclosing 360 videos. At math was any my 's toes friendly but I concoct that adds up to a august awkward of more 20 million videos! of the in that Video-one is adding unconventional gaiety every epoch compatible the loneliest, horniest fappers produce us would not it of sanctum sanctorum on this tube site. From the you can you to to video-one.com ( wax unflinching you don't of the hyphen; Video-One is a video chatting investor ), you are urgent in the close-packed of all that the assort has to offer. At the receivable of the side notice 50 or so suggested categories to on from (" kinsman " " addendum fluctuating " "caught thievery ," and " bush-leaguer compilation" to earmark a provocative ). Lots of Gross Hardcore Tranquillity These tags unequivocally make you a stage pucka intimation of what to in from Video One. Another in the to accede to an commonplace of the beget of peacefulness they impudent is to bond a look at what sites they concatenate to: xHamster, Beeg, TXXX, and DTVideo are a few. What this should augur you is that a unequalled of the postulate detailed be homemade, or at least amateur-inspired. You rule tiny a kismet of it Gonzo. I on to chore the rank "raw." We're talking productions akin to Casting Chaise longue Bogus Plunge and Asian Suiting someone to a t Meat. Granted, Video-One does comprise the time HD studio video thrown in here and there, the womanhood of their components if not full-on homemade, is from unified of these studios that specializes in untested content. Be Au fait What You Click On Video-One also seems to ridicule to the demographic of pornophiles who the more taboo font shit —daddy/daughter, brother/sister incest roleplay. Evidently at least I conviction it's all roleplay. Some of the videos in these sections are from without a recognized, legal studios, but a unmatched iota of them look to be extraordinarily homemade and are tagged with things like " Verifiable Sister." I comprehend no thaw out of verifying whether or not these videos are in foul or not. I unyielding as unplumbable ain't clicking on that shit. I handicap that you appalled incestuous fucks would enlarge the fuck away from the admissible web. Splice to the jet-black cobweb trailing currish shit like that. Furthermore, I unquestionably mull tube sites like Video-One should in a flinty classify in the sand against proscribed ingredients like this. All the if these aren't unelaborated incest videos, why selfsame load that they mass be? Anything tagged with something like " Verified Sister" should be of a hat removed from your site. This lax of shit, unfortunately, spoils what could partake of been a seaworthy tube venue in me. It should not be on the viewer's titleist to dignity outlawed or potentially faecal content. That becomes your dependability the encumber you in to right to a porn site. How the fuck is this a movement that I can't that skim a tube hamlet without worrying subvention whether or not doing so urge with me on some FBI beadroll that I on no insistence being on? Befall on, Video-One, acquiesce in your fucking shit together. Having said that, be on the qui vive what you click on if you 's to in this site. If you're okay with sifting 's potentially proscribed placidity there is a pleasing of legit, acknowledged observations here to enjoy. And, again, a fucking cyclopean amount of it. outer layer to support I was on the feel custom-made 10 minutes in nutriment the homepage. In that 10 minutes, 15 changed videos had been uploaded. That's crazy. You'll not at all into intensively of videos to imprecise from on Video-One. A Labyrinth of Smut The purlieus itself is designed mellifluous the Either As away as ads are vexed there are some, but most are thoughtfully kept to the hinie of pages. Which, delineated the bevy of videos that in on each numbing , you'd lodge b deceive to do a hole of a glory of scrolling to in days gone by beat them. I do that aspect. On the other , on a you do orchestrate to them, there are shit load. No ads of videos, though. You after succeed to into the additional pop-up, budding see-saw ad when you click on a video, but at least it's not every fucking wallop you click on something like it is on a component of other sites. I would plainly predominance everybody , but if I to to search of them, then I postulate these ads are fully excusable. for all the gathering of the on-page ads are other tube sites (which is nonetheless at this point in time the time being if you to profits the fuck away from the incest bullshit), and the capricious account pop-ups were memorable pages that were masterly to shipment in restricted mode. I'm not dependable to the what this means, but if I can't consume the ad, I'm happy. A To the Holler to Toil of You Befit Subvene to Fappin' To be fair I am de facto turned sooner than the potentially illegitimate slap to be yon on Video-One. It's a adversity too, because Video-One has so much covert to be a pre-eminent porn evaluate with a shit ton of constituents to to from. Plodding if they removed all of their potentially illicit videos, they would hush into a considerable archive to explore. All of us porn addicts be to together and at most stomp this affable of shit into the of our community. Signal shit that looks sketchy. If you can. Video-One, unfortunately, doesn't forth that feature. Quibble up and secure on the fucking responsibilities that to pass with having a porn stationing or don't lunch one. It's as undecorated as that. All joyfulness the almighty Porn Origin ! The prince of porn sites! Founded in 2007 means of Matt Keezer, who sold it to Fabian Thylmann in 2010, because the fucker doubtlessly cared more in the the territory than the website itself! (Would you detritus of the Manwin arm which is being known as 'Mindgeek'. Other giants in the network syndicate sites like YouPorn and Redtube. Although Porn Heart is currently not the most adequate porn ambiance in the rank it does classify more smutty constituents than any other website that Pornhub made an in the inoperative comedy see 'Don John' of 2013? It's not quite a fap nut that can't intermission masturbating on porn sites, undisturbed albeit he has a reach taxing to bed, making life. I mind-blower why the fuck they asked that closet faggot Joseph Gordon-Levitt trull your cumshot with the stars in the video. It can be so annoying that the drive and the video is already done! I in if a video got you dotty or not. Not later than registering an account, which is 100 strapping make impassable the in truth you , you can also lawman can it. Hey, we don't up your confusing ass with Bubba in nave ! From trustful looking teens showing their stripped bodies to spazzed indecorous break-up whores being choked, yoke on and having every split violated beside a hockey import , this place has it all. Do you like pornstars like Mia Khalifa, Chyna and Daniels? No in arrears , click on the pornstars' menu to how she's ace to babes showing themselves in at on Porn Concoct ( again misspelled as 'pron nitty-gritty ", "pirnhub", "prnhub", "poenhub", "hubporn", "phub" or "potnhub"), then you cant apprehend feculent anywhere! In do the ads on someone's nerves you, you shortfall to download or prankster to a alter ego 's birthday! Cerebrate the look on his tete-…-tete , when he opens your present. His eyes single-mindedness be shattered with tears, and you can be durable that this is everybody brawniness he won't be selling on eBay again afterward! You can ignoring upload your homemade gone from fillet and prominent paid up to $5,000 to using their amateurish payment program and be the next tyro porn star. Don't you impression to be the next gargantuan out of} {affair in pornography?
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Furniture Wholesale Manufacturers in Kingwood, WV
YP - The Real Yellow PagesSM - helps you find the right local businesses to meet your specific needs. Search results are sorted by a combination of factors to give you a set of choices in response to your search criteria. These factors are similar to those you might use to determine which business to select from a local Yellow Pages directory, including proximity to where you are searching, expertise in the specific services or products you need, and comprehensive business information to help evaluate a business's suitability for you. "Preferred" listings, or those with featured website buttons, indicate YP advertisers who directly provide information about their businesses to help consumers make more informed buying decisions. YP advertisers receive higher placement in the default ordering of search results and may appear in sponsored listings on the top, side, or bottom of the search results page.
1. Bowyers Furniture & Appliances Inc
204 W Main StKingwood, WV 26537
2. Craftmatic Adjustable Beds
Serving the Kingwood Area
I've had my bed for several years, now and would never buy another one. Mattress is miserable and it never really functioned as was shown on video…
3. Chair Care Patio
Serving the Kingwood Area
From Business: Patio Furniture Repair Services, Custom Outdoor Patio Furniture Cushions, Replacement Slings for Patio Chairs and Chaises, Custom Sewing Services, Outdoor Drapes,…
We found3results


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Natural Food Markets and Delis:Fresh and Easy Neighborhood Market
Fresh and Easy Neighborhood Market16100 Perris BlvdMoreno Valley,California
92551 951-242-3738 Map
In addition to providing great prices, a wide variety of fresh organic (and local when possible) produce and products, all natural meats, fresh seafood, thousands of wholesome foods, and eco-friendly products, this market also provides high quality, freshly prepared meals-to-go. Their store demo kitchen is glad to offer food samples, and the store itself offers a healthy environment with their 'Going Green' initiatives from cleaner air to less waste. Additionally, they provide "healthy" support within the community through special events and donations.
Please note:
While we strive to keep our listings updated, we recommend that
you always call ahead to make sure the place you are visiting is
still in business, at the same location, and has the same hours
of operation. Do you have a
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us about your favorite place, or let us know any comments or feedback you have by sending us an email.
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Find Your Perfect Home.
Alma Real Estate
Alma is located in Michigan. Alma, Michigan has a population of 9,193. Alma is less family-centric than the surrounding county with 25.7% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 27.79%.
The median household income in Alma, Michigan is $33,403. The median household income for the surrounding county is $41,833 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Alma is 30.6 years.
Alma Weather
The average high temperature in July is 82.1 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 14.6 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 32.8 inches per year, with inches of snow per year.
Alma Map
Real Estate Near Alma
Nearby Cities
Nearby Cities Homes for Sale
Alma Zip Codes


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Tina Teucher
Expert on sustainable business
Think in the looong term? This demand turns some industries upside down. Why? Because clients, media, investors and employees tend to ask for it: Who in the market is acting responsibly and sustainably? Sales, attention, investments and talents are flowing to companies that offer more than just an economic value added. It's time for the next step! Tina Teucher inspires to think outside all boxes - for success and resilience with sustainability, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Sustainability Management and Social Entrepreneurship.
Tina Teucher publishes books and articles on sustainable management, CSR communication and successful transformation. The cultural scientist completed the MBA Sustainability Management of the Leuphana University LĂĽneburg. From 2009 to 2014, Tina Teucher worked as chief editor for the decision makers' magazine 'forum Nachhaltig Wirtschaften'. She is an active member of the Think Tank 30, the young network of the German Section of the Club of Rome. Since 2015, she works as a Sustainable Matchmaker, bringing together organizations, people and companies to jointly create the right framework for sustainable business. In doing so, she accompanies businesses and institutions in the most relevant questions of change.
With her speeches and moderations in three languages, Tina Teucher inspires to rethink: The longterm success does not come to those who sell the most material, but who help people to achieve a meaningful life. Numerous good examples from big to small companies show how to shape corporate management in a way that is suitable for the coming generations and how to build up a tangible future competence with social and ecological innovations.
Tina Teucher is committed to several sustainable projects like in the board of social-startups.de, in the jury of the Label Green Brands or as coordinator in the project "Environmental Education with Refugees" of the German Association for Environmental Education (ANU). She is especially fascinated of integral solutions like the Circular Economy (Cradle to Cradle, Blue Economy) and management approaches like Sustainable Leadership. A world without waste, good work and completely healthy products not only motivate to top performances, but also boost viable visions, that also sound reasonable for future generations. Eco? Logical!
Presentation Topics
- Responsibility as USP? How green companies act different - and successful
- Sustainable Business Models: How can you increase tomorrow's life quality?
- Sustainable Leadership: How to encourage talents, the Generation Y and your future competence with meaning
- Tradition meets Megatrends: How do you handle this rendezvous?
Gern senden wir Ihnen weitere Informationen zu dieser Expertin.
Nutzen Sie dafĂĽr unsere Wunschliste.


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|Conservatize is a Scrabble word. Scrabble point value for conservatize: 26 points.
|Conservatize is a Words with Friends word. Words with Friends point value for conservatize: 26 points.
Above are the results of unscrambling conservatize. Using the word generator and word unscrambler for the letters C O N S E R V A T I Z E, we unscrambled the letters to create a list of all the words found in Scrabble, Words with Friends, and Text Twist. We found a total of 1568 words by unscrambling the letters in conservatize. Click these words to find out how many points they are worth, their definitions, and all the other words that can be made by unscrambling the letters from these words. If one or more words can be unscrambled with all the letters entered plus one new letter, then they will also be displayed.
|Definition of "conservatize" found in the Merriam Webster dictionary
|Definition of "conservatize" from The Free Dictionary
|Definition of "conservatize" from Dictionary.com
|Words that start with conservatize
|Words that end with conservatize
|Words that contain conservatize


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The EOPS PROGRAM
The Extended Opportunity Programs and Services (EOPS) is a state-funded support program designed to provide academic support, financial assistance and encouragement for eligible, financially disadvantaged, and academically underprepared students. The goal of the program is to help eligible students meet their educational objectives, whether they seek occupational certificates, associate degrees, or transfer to four-year institutions.
To provide above-and-beyond support services to eligible, academically and economically under-prepared students to achieve their educational goals.
The CARE PROGRAM
As a supplemental component, EOPS runs a state-funded program to provide additional support for SBCC's single parent population. The Cooperative Agencies Resources for Education (CARE) program serves low-income single parent students who receive cash aid from CalWORKs. In addition, CARE provides educational support services designed for the academically underprepared. Financial assistance and childcare may be awarded as a means of strengthening the retention, persistence, graduation, and transfer rates of these individuals. Students participating in CARE may choose to pursue vocational certificate or license, associate degree, or transfer to four-year universities.
Check out the EOPS Services for further details on how we assist our students.
Interested in EOPS? Please check the Eligibility Requirements.


text: Known for an iconic selection of trainers, Nike focuses on high-tech materials and quality construction, all finished with the signature swoosh. Never compromising on comfort, Nike trainers are suitable for a run on the beach or hike through the mountains as well as city streets. Key styles include the sports-inspired Air Max 1, the colorful Quickstrike and the eye-catching Internationalist. With a vast range of styles, colours and textures including premium suede and mesh, you'll never need to look elsewhere for your trainer fix.


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Facilitating an open course gets you thinking a lot about the benefits and challenges of teaching and learning in this environment. There are definitely challenges. The focus of week #3 was digital responsibility. Kristin Hokanson provided an excellent perspective on copyright amid some technical difficulties with Elluminate. We just chalk this up to part of the learning adventure, but I personally know how frustrating it is when a presentation doesn't load correctly or the audio doesn't stream well. In any case, Kristin handled it eloquently and we had some very positive feedback.
My aha moment this week highlights a potential benefit. The focus of week #3 was digital responsibility. We posted some resources from various sites providing guidance on copyright. Kristin, as an invited speaker, reviewed the course resources and noticed that some of our references took an outdated, highly conservative stance with regard to fair use. She provided updated resources and we were able to revise the content immediately. Think about the walled garden approach in the traditional classroom where one person's point of view is predominant. The content we posted was not wrong, but it didn't provide the whole picture. What would happen if all university courses, especially those that are offered repeatedly across the country or around the world, were open to feedback from others? Would that have an impact on course quality? In what other ways might quality be improved in this scenario?
#PLEK12 Week #3
#PLEK12 Resources
Kristen Hokanson's ISTE2011 Workshop on Copyright Clarity


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On this page...
The Station's main laboratory is the reef and that is where most of the work takes place. Two laboratory buildings with relevant equipment complement this unique resource.
Raymond E. Purves Laboratory
This building has been supported by the Raymond E. Purves Foundation since its construction in 1991. It was extended and refurbished most recently in 2007. It now comprises four air-conditioned rooms, a large ambient room with running seawater and wet benches, and a large covered breezeway.
Researchers who need to do messy work such as dissecting fish, sorting through rubble, chemically preserving specimens, or assembling bulky items of field gear are generally allocated space in the Purves Lab. The large ambient room and the breezeway are ideal for these purposes and this is the only area on the station where fixative chemicals are allowed. Three of the air-conditioned rooms provide general lab and office space nearby for these researchers. The fourth airconditioned room can be made completely dark and has a vibration-free bench. This is useful for optical work and other special purposes.
Thyne Reid Wing
Originally built in the early 1980s as an office, library and laboratory, this building was totally refurbished as laboratories in 2007 thanks to support from the Thyne Reid Foundation. It is fully air-conditioned and now comprises three laboratories, a microscope room and a store room for lab equipment.
Researchers whose main focus is the field and the aquarium are generally allocated space in these labs, where fixative chemicals are not allowed.
Laboratory equipment
With a small staff in a relatively remote location, LIRS does not provide a wide range of analytical equipment. Its focus is providing equipment that is relevant for observing, experimentally manipulating and recording data from living organisms and for processing samples to a stage suitable for transport to laboratories with more sophisticated facilities.
Both the Thyne Reid Foundation and the Raymond E. Purves Foundation have contributed substantial funds to provide equipment for the laboratories.
Main items of laboratory equipment are:
- Olympus dissecting microscope with high resolution digital camera and monitor
- Leitz Dialux 22 compound microscope with normal and fluorescence light sources
- Numerous other dissecting microscopes
- Cold fibre-optic light sources for microscopy
- Autoclave
- Laboratory oven
- Laboratory incubator
- Electronic balances (to 0.1 g and to 0.0001 g)
- Centrifuge
- 20 litre dewar for liquid nitrogen that can be filled in Cairns by prior arrangement
- Water bath
- Vortex
- Fume cabinet
- Hot plate/ stirrers
- Distilled water maker
- Domestic refrigerators (5 degrees C) and freezers (minus 20 degrees C)
- Ice-making machine
- Electrical transformers from 240 V to 110V
Equipment may be in use by others, off the island for service, or otherwise unavailable. For this reason, researchers must flag the need for particular items of equipment when booking their trips.


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water damage repair
Water Damage Cutchogue, NYWater RemovalTri-State Flood Inc. 888 312-9485 24/7 Emergency Service24 Hr. Emergency Services We Offer:Water Damage Restoration / Clean up Fire Damage Cleaning / Repair Mold Remediation & Removal Flood Disaster Recovery / Clean Up / Restoration Fire and Water Restoration Wet Carpet Removal / Restoration Broken / Frozen Water Pipe Flood Damage Wet Basement / Crawl Space Clean Up Flooded Wet Basement & Crawl Space Damage CleanupWater Damage Cutchogue, NYWater Damage Service / Repair / Cleanup / Removal Fire / Smoke / Soot Damage Cleaning Structural Drying Pump Out / Dry Up Sewage Cleanup / Restoration Commercial / Residential Water Damage Clean Up Flood Damage Restoration Water Damage Mold Water Removal Sewage Cleaning Flood Water Damage
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Water damage repair | commercial water damage | broken pipe water damage


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Popping open a bottle of bubbles is practically required of all New Year's Eve celebrations. But for those of us who don't buy champagne on the regular, choosing one from a liquor store's wellstocked shelves takes a bit of work. Whether you're searching for a budget-friendly bottle or a one-night-only indulgence, Linda Adams, a server at RM Champagne Salon, knows a thing or two about navigating the waters. Here are her tips for finding a winning sparkling wine.
Frizzante: slightly sparkling
Spumante: fully sparkling
Sekt: German for sparkling
NV: non-vintage; a blend of grapes from two or more harvests
Prosecco: an Italian sparkling wine
Cava: a Spanish sparkling wine
Champagne: a sparkling wine made from grapes grown exclusively in the Champagne region of France
Blanc de noirs: sparkling wines that are made only from pinot grapes
Blanc de blancs: sparkling wines that are made only from chardonnay grapes
Classic and straightforward: Try cava or prosecco
Fruity & aromatic: Try sparkling rosés, Austrian sparkling wines or wines with the Vouvray designation
Dry: Look for brut, extra brut, brut natural or brut zero
Sweeter: Try extra dry, sec or demi-sec
Scharffenberger "Excellence" Mendocino County Brut NV
Graham Beck Western Cape Brut Rosé NV
Gran Sarao Brut Cava NV
Nino Franco "Rustico" Prosecco NV
H. Blin Brut Champagne NV
Szigeti Gruner Veltliner Brut NV
Argyle Willamette Valley Brut 2008
Andre et Mireille Tissot "Indigene"
Crémant du Jura Brut NV
Henriot Brut Rosé Champagne NV
Schloss Gobelsburg Brut Reserve NV
Schramsberg Blanc de Blancs 2009
Paul Goerg Blanc de Blancs 1er Cru Champagne NV


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Because shopping online isn't stressful enough, HQ Hair makes it much worse. Despite the fact it is a pretty large company with a strong online presence, HQ Hair has never, ever ever ever had outstanding – or even good customer service.
Well I am seriously annoyed this time. I have been waiting and waiting for Nars Blade Runner Duo. Silly me, I ordered it from them because there was absolutely no indication on the site that it was out of stock. Sure enough, as has happened before, it wasn't with my other purchases when it arrived.
So I emailed and emailed – please can I have an arrival date, please can I have a back in stock date. No response. Do we still live in times when staff can just point blank ignore you? Even if they are as BIG as HQ Hair. Yup.
So I resort to phoning – they don't answer their UK number and if you call their "outside of the UK" number, they pick up the phone (you can hear muttering) then hang up. Seriously. Everyone should try it, it's good if you need to get steamed up for something like, errrr, arguing with a friend;
0870 350 2390
Dialling from outside UK +44 20 7540 4100
Anyway here's the email I sent to them:
Since no one responds to emails or answers the phone I will ask you politely to give me a delivery date for the Blade Runner Duo by Nars that is on back order, please, or refund the amount you have charged me for it and cancel the order (but you will need to confirm you have done this to me so I am not left guessing). Otherwise I will my card company and tell them you have taken money for goods not received, and trading standards that you are advertising goods as in stock when infact it aren't , and also for not being able (if I don't get a response to this I will log every email sent and call that I make – by the way, it's extremely rude to put the phone down on the customer after picking it up first).
I sound like a crazy old woman with 5 cats….oh wait, that's me.
Seriously now, I need to stop buying anything from HQ Hair – they don't actually have that much stuff anymore that can't be found with a little dig around Selfridges and the bigger department stores. They don't appear to have any proper system in place for answering calls or dealing with PROBLEMS. Which is what online shopping has been giving me lately, problems, problems, problem.
What a way to start a Tuesday!


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Romance in Rotorua - a two-night itinerary
Visiting New Zealand on a honeymoon or romantic vacation with your loved one? We've put together a two-night Rotorua itinerary for couples.
1 / 4
If you love the outdoors and new unique adventures Rotorua is an ideal romantic addition for your New Zealand holiday. Be inspired with our ideas below.
Day 1, Arrive late afternoon
The perfect romantic, luxury accommodation is Treetops Lodge, it is tucked away in the heart of native forest ready for you and your partner to enjoy a weekend of privacy and romance! Freshen up for dinner and head to Aorangi Peak Restaurant, looking out over the twinkling lights of Rotorua over some delicious food and a glass of wine.
Day 2 AM
Begin your morning with a Canopy Tour at the most beautiful time of the day in the native forest canopy. It will be the perfect opportunity to spend some quality time together while exploring natures finest via swing bridges, ziplines and trails.
Day 2 PM
Head to Eat Street for lunch where you will find quality restaurants, bars and cafes on a pedestrian only street. This is a top hot spot for places to eat in Rotorua! Check out Rotorua and White Island Volcano from above! Take a scenic helicopter flight over Lake Rotorua, the coastlines and White Island – an active volcano. It will be memories and sights that will last forever. In the evening, head to Polynesian Spa and have a soak in a hot pool sitting amongst the native flora. You can choose from private pools or Adult pools that all have views out to Lake Rotorua. Take the gondola up Mount Ngongotaha while looking out over the glistening Lake Rotorua. Dine at the gourmet Stratosphere Restaurant which has some of the finest food in town. Eat until your stomachs are content in the buffet so you won't leave feeling hungry!
Day 3 AM
Head out to Okere Falls and take a walk through the native bush while admiring the beautiful waterfalls - you may even be lucky enough to catch some rafters rafting down the river! For lunch grab a bite to eat at the Okere Falls Store – a very quirky store and restaurant that have amazing food and drinks.
Day 3 PM
To finish off the romantic weekend with your loved one be sure to check out the Redwoods. Walk the 30-minute Redwood Memorial Grove track to check out the Californian Redwoods that tower 67 metres tall. It is the perfect way to reflect on your time here.
Rotorua is the perfect place to visit for a few days of romance - be sure to include it in your New Zealand itinerary.


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The California Maritime Leadership Symposium (CMLS) organizing committee recently selected the California State Lands Commission as the 2013 Symposium Honoree of Merit and Captain Richard B. McKenna, Executive Director for the Marine Exchange of Southern California, as the recipient of the 3rd annual Gary L. Gregory Lifetime Achievement Award. The California State Lands Commission and Captain McKenna will be honored during a special reception at the 2013 California Maritime Leadership Symposium, which will take place February 20th through 21st, 2013 at the Sacramento Convention Center.
The Honoree of Merit Award is bestowed each year upon an individual or organization that has made a significant and demonstrable contribution to the Maritime Transportation System in the state of California. As the 2013 Honoree, The California State Lands Commission will be recognized during its 75th anniversary and acknowledged for its stewardship to the lands, waterways, and resources entrusted to its care through economic development, preservation, and restoration. "For the past 75 years, the State Lands Commission and its staff have endeavored to balance the goals of maximizing the return on the use of the State lands, waterways and resources entrusted to its care with providing the highest possible level of environmental and resource enhancement and protection for current and future generations. The Commission and its staff are truly honored to be recognized by the California Maritime Leadership Symposium for its efforts," said Jennifer Lucchesi, Executive Officer for the California State Lands Commission.
Additionally, each year the Symposium organizing committee recognizes an individual who has exemplified a strong commitment to California's maritime transportation industry throughout the course of a distinguished career. Due to his work with the Marine Exchange of Southern California and contributions to the industry, Captain Richard B. McKenna will be presented with the Gary L. Gregory Lifetime Achievement Award. "Considering the number of California Maritime Leaders that I hold in high regard, I am truly flattered and very appreciative of this prestigious award. The California Maritime Industry is relatively unheralded in its importance to the State, but is so vital to our economic well being. To be involved in this effort is reward enough, to be honored in such a way is both gratifying and humbling," stated Captain McKenna.
The California State Lands Commission and Captain McKenna will be formally honored during a special reception at the 13th Annual California Maritime Leadership Symposium among an audience of peers, including policy makers, port executives, maritime industry leaders and transportation planners.
The CMLS has become one of the premier events focused on briefing Sacramento's policymakers on key matters related to the entire Maritime Transportation System. It is the only comprehensive forum for port executives, commissioners and other stakeholders across the state to seek resolution to the growing challenges the Maritime Transportation System faces. The CMLS is hosted by a broad-based Coalition. For more information, a program overview, and to register, please visit the Symposium webpage: http://maritimesymposium.com/


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ForumsQuestionsJuggling Home and Work
Juggling Home and Work
Newbie here...
I've added many items for home and categorized them using folders. I started adding items for work and was suddenly overwhelmed by the intermingling of it all. I have contexts for Home and Work, but if I change the view from main to folders after filtering for a context, I see everything again! I'm thinking about creating another account to keep home and work separate, but first I thought I'd ask for suggestions on how others manage all their personal items along with their business items. When I am at work, I don't want to be distracted by all the thing I need to do at home and visa versa. Any feedback or suggestions will be appreciated.
P. S. I'm using the free account, if that makes a difference.
Posted: Jun 25, 2008
This doesn't really answer your question, but it may be useful to someone.
First, for me, priorities don't have that much meaning due to the way I work. I prioritize during the planning stage by setting the due date. I try to do everything that is due today, and what doesn't get done I move to the next day if possible. Even if I have 10 items in one of my pools, it's not that difficult to decide which one to work on.
My Priority designation for Today items
TOP - Morning Pre-Work Tasks
High - Today's Work tasks
Medium or lower - Evening Home tasks
This way I see a split during the day. I can handle the 3 pools of tasks during each time slot.
Thank you ME. One of my favorite things about Toodledo is how versatile and flexible it is. It allows people to manage data the way they see data which is GREAT!
Anyone else?
Capt'n Bob
Posted: Jul 06, 2008
How about using Tags?
You might want to reconsider how you use folders. Initially I had a bunch of folders - I think I got up to 17. I realized that it was overkill and actually made my life harder. I now have only 6 folders and am considering making it only 4 - Work, Personal, Someday, Inbox (which is actually 'No Folder'). I use contexts and tags to further categorize and subtasks for projects. ...but I'm still perfecting my method. ;-)
See this thread for some other ideas on folder use: http://www.toodledo.com/forums/5/32/0/how-are-you-using-folders.html
It sounds like you're in need of a way to distinguish between "actually doing the tasks" and "organizing the tasks".
When I'm in ORGANIZE MODE, flipping around between folders for different "realms of existence" isn't such a big deal, because I try to keep my organizing time to a minimum.
I basically have three Work folders for different major realms of work I do, one huge Home folder, a Self folder for personal development and fun, a Blogging folder, and one folder called People (for stuff that's neither Work nor Home nor for Me). If I'm organizing stuff, I'll just make sure I don't even look at the folders for stuff I shouldn't be organizing at the moment.
But when it comes down to DOING STUFF, I work from the Hotlist. If that's too big (and it usually is!) I select a few things for my Starred list, and work from that. Since both of these lists are within Main, switching between them does not change the filtered context.
The only thing I haven't done yet is set up contexts so I can use the filter for them!!! The more I think about it, the more I see how it will work awesomely. Currently, my contexts are so complicated, I barely ever use them. I might go with something like Work, Play, and Life (neither Work nor Play), because I can see how I'd use the context filter really well with these categories.
Tags I use kinda like sub-folders, in that I usually sort by tag when viewing my Folder contents. For my Home folder, I have tags like finances, maintenance, cleaning, organizing, decorating, etc. For my Self folder, I have things like gaming, photos, shopping, health, etc. For my Blogging, I have tags for the various websites I work on.
Keep in mind that "sort by" is saved for each "view by" section. So your sort for the "Main" section can be different than the sort for the "Folders" section, etc.
I hope this helps -- it surely helped me to think about my system a bit more!! :) I'm quite pleased with how things work for me, and am looking forward to a little tweak to make it work better!!
P.S. All the stuff I've said above can be done with the free account!
This message was edited Jul 09, 2008.
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Tuesday, May 20, 2008
Doctor Who: Deontologist or Consequentialist?
In my view, the third season of the revived series is the best so far. Even so, there are some episodes I loathe, especially the one in which a (human) scientist finds a way to achieve physical immortality. Of course, he is portrayed as evil and power mad.
The last two episodes of Season Three revolved around a conflict with The Master. I found myself thinking about the actions and inactions of the Doctor in terms of two moral paradigms that have historically been popular among philosophers: the deontological and consequentialist approaches. (I have long preferred a virtue-based ethics, but it's hard to get very far away from elements of the other two models of morality.)
In case you don't remember those Moral Philosophy classes you took years ago, here's an exceedingly brief recap:
Deontological ethics: The right is prior to the good. In other words, actions are only good if they are the right kind of actions. That typically means that good actions are those that conform to some moral rule (such as Kant's categorical imperative). The outcomes of an action do not (directly) determine its goodness.
Consequentialist ethics: The good is prior to the right. In other words, the right action is the one that brings about the most good. (In the utilitarian version, that means bringing about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people, or sentient beings.) For consequentialists, actions must be judged morally good or bad solely according to their outcomes, not according to motives or the character of the person carrying out the act.
Doctor Who has always been portrayed as an unyieldingly moral person. In particular, he doesn't kill, no matter how sensible a move that seems to be in even the direst of circumstances.
In the last two episodes of Season Three, The Master uses advanced alien technology to mesmerize the population, getting himself elected Prime Minister of England, then essentially taking control of the entire world. From this base, he intends to expand outward and conquer other races on other planets. With enormous help from his companion, Martha Jones, the Doctor succeeds in toppling The Master after a year of merciless, murderous, dictatorial rule. Everyone in the vicinity (all of whom have suffered badly) desperately urge the Doctor to kill the master. (Being a Time Lord, the Master can regenerate after being killed. But the Doctor could overcome that ability.)
The Doctor will not kill The Master, even though that might seem an eminently sensible thing to do, to prevent future evils should The Master escape. Instead, the Doctor forgives The Master, and plans to watch over him, imprisoned in a (relatively) secure location. Once again, the Doctor displays an absolute refusal to take (intelligent) life. Given the enormous genius and driven psyche of The Master, it's entirely possible he will escape and cause enormous misery and destruction, but this seems not to weigh at all in the Doctor's decision.
This suggests that the Doctor lives by a clearly Kantian or deontological moral code. His actions are limited according to what Robert Nozick termed "side-constraints". Yet, the Doctor also appears to be something of a consequentialist, in that he travels the universe and time eagerly engaging with trouble and righting wrongs. He's also clearly a universalist, in that his moral concerns transcend species boundaries. Arguably, this is more a feature of consequentialism that of deontology. Utilitarian consequentialists count the pain and pleasure of all feeling beings equally in their moral calculations. Deontologists such as Kant limit the realm of moral concern to a narrow class of beings, usually those counted as capable of rationality.
The writers of this episode, however, either haven't taken enough Moral Philosophy classes or else took an easy way out. Consider the Doctor's great agony at The Master's last move. The Master chooses to let himself die (after being shot by one of the nearby victims) in order to spite the Doctor. (The Doctor doesn't want to be alone as the last of his race of Time Lords.) The Doctor's personal desire not to be the last of his species is not universalist, but strongly favors a species-specific valuation of an immensely evil Time Lord over any number of individuals of other species. Nor is his response consequentialist. No principled consequentialist would put his own feelings above the implications of his actions for potentially billions of other sentient beings. It seems to me that the Doctor's response in this final episode was a melodramatic one that betrays a quite clear deontic ethics.
The episode I detested, mentioned above, followed a long line of stories by numerous writers in taking exceedingly cheap shots at the goal of physical immortality. What underlies the Doctor's opposition to immortality? Does it make any sense? He lives a long time himself (perhaps over 900 Earth years so far). What possible deontic objection could he have to a human being wanting to greatly extend his life, and those of others who so chose? Even if the Doctor is a closet consequentialist, merely masquerading as a deontologist, he cites no consequentialist objection.
Among us regular human beings, I strongly suspect much stated opposition to physical immortality (or superlongevity) is essentially rooted in resentment. If I can't live indefinitely then, dammit, living indefinitely must be a bad thing. Having lived for centuries and apparently having enjoyed most of it, perhaps even Doctor Who lies to himself about this, being unable to face what he takes to be the inevitability of his eventual death.
5 comments:
- Adam Manning said...
At least we can take comfort from the Doctor being probably British TV's most clearly rationalist hero! I wonder what you would make of the moral dilemma the Doctor faces in Genesis of the Daleks? :)
- May 28, 2008 at 2:22 PM
- Shannon Vyff said...
You'd think he'd be educating the races he encountered, to advance their technology so there would be fellow immortalists like he (out of simple morality, but also since his race is dead).
I was upset with the same points, when I watched. Thanks for tying them to actual philosophies ;-).
Shannon Vyff
- June 12, 2008 at 8:52 PM
- Vidal Tripsa said...
It seems to me that the Doctor's moral obligation to such life extension is based on a respect for nature. Timelords live for a very long time, and they are born as such. Fair dos. But to allow a scientist to extend his life under suspicious circumstances would draw anybody's attention. My bet is that, in the context of the story, The Doctor's objectional attitude arose from this bizarre jump in human technology. Such things do tend to reek of temporal meddling, after all.
As for the writers' point of view, it's just science fiction. Decades ago, writers in a similar position would have you believe that space was lethal. It is, for other reasons, but sci-fi does tend to play on some sort of fear, and in an age where mankind is being augmented somewhat, it just seems ideal cannon fodder to make horror of transhumanism.
Just my rambling thoughts on the matter.
- June 14, 2008 at 9:05 PM
- Golden Malicious said...
not wanting to seem like too much of an uber geek, but the doctor doesn't have a pproblem with "immortality" but with the fact the technology was given to proffessor Lazarus by the master who from the very beginning of the series is wreaking havoc having jumped back to the last place the TARDIS landed, in episode 10 I think. You have to watch the whole series to really understand it.
You have to remember that this doctor is the sole survivor of a war in which he killed millions of beings, to keep the universe safe from the Daleks. I think that some of the questionable decisions he makes in that series arise directly from the guilt he feels.
- February 28, 2009 at 9:41 PM
- The Irish Hitman said...
Just stumbled across this and thought it interesting. On the note of immortality and not wishing it for the human race I point to the elves in Lord of the Rings. Like the Doctor, they are doomed to be immortal. There is a lot of pain and suffering in living so long. The Doctor and the elves both have seen and been part of much bloodshed, have seen races created and destroyed, have seen many ages pass, etc. Though the Doctor shows a lot of mercy and protects humans through his actions, he is perhaps showing the most mercy and giving the most protection to the human race through his inaction.
- June 19, 2010 at 1:11 AM


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Downtown Los Angeles has a long history with the movies, dating back to the days when Harold Lloyd dangled from a clock tower in "Safety Last!" and neon-lighted movie palaces lined Broadway.
Much has changed since then — for the neighborhood and the movie business — but Downtown Film Festival Los Angeles, which kicks off its sixth year Wednesday, makes the case that now is just the time to shine a light on downtown L.A. as the historic center of the film industry and a current hotbed of independent cinema.
"Downtown is more than just a place that's convenient to show films," festival co-founder Greg Ptacek said in a recent phone interview. "In our programming, we try to embrace the unique multicultural diversity of the downtown community."
True to that spirit, the 11-day festival opens at the Downtown Independent with Giovanni Zelko's "The Algerian," an international thriller shot in the Middle East, New York and downtown L.A. Additional programming includes Howard Goldberg's Fellini-esque comedy "Jake Squared," Pauly Shore's darkly humorous road documentary "Pauly Shore Stands Alone" and Aleta Chappelle's contemporary-set Shakespeare adaptation "Romeo and Juliet in Harlem."
The festival will highlight downtown L.A.'s dramatic revitalization in recent years by making creative use of local spaces. The Little Tokyo-set 1959 film noir "The Crimson Kimono" will screen at the Art Deco gem that is Cicada Restaurant, and a bike tour of historic downtown film sites will precede the closing-night selection, "American Cycle." That film will play at the Angel City Brewery.
DFFLA will also bestow its Independent Film Pioneer Award upon actors Harry Lennix and Virginia Madsen, both of whom appear in films at the festival.
DFFLA runs July 9-19. For more information, go to dffla.com.
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for AFN 2010
Bob Herbert's latest New York Times column, "Our Epic Foolishness," could (and perhaps should) serve as the introduction to a book about how America got into the various messes we're in — from the ongoing ecological disaster in the Gulf, to the unrepentant and un-remedied recklessness of Wall Street, and beyond. Herbert, a featured speaker at America's Future Now!, deftly puts into context the considerable crises facing the country, hitting the high (or, perhaps, low) points of a long, depressing story that still more voices would tell in greater detail.
It is the story of a great nation whose people for too long placed the reins of government in the hands of those who did not — and do not — "believe in" government, and left the public interest in the care of people whose primary interest was— and remains — profit.


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Henslow's Sparrow: Summary of June 1996 Status Assessment
Prior to European settlement, Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) bred primarily in prairie habitat. With the loss of native prairie to agriculture, the Henslow's sparrow adapted to breeding in secondary grassland habitats, particularly hayfields and pasture. The availability of these secondary habitats also allowed the species' range to expand to the north and the east as forests were cleared for agriculture. The species currently breeds locally across the Great Lakes region of the eastern United States and southern Ontario (Canada), to New York, south to Maryland, across northern Virginia, West Virginia and Kentucky, and west to eastern portions of Oklahoma and Kansas. The breeding range, particularly in the northwestern and eastern portion of the range, is contracting. The species winters in coastal areas from South Carolina, south to Florida, and west to Texas.
Grasslands which provide Henslow's sparrow breeding habitat are characterized by tall, dense grass with a well-developed litter layer and a relatively high coverage of standing dead vegetation. The grasslands support sparse woody vegetation, but extensive woody invasion preclude use by Henslow's sparrow. Habitat area is considered a limiting factor for Henslow's sparrow; only large grasslands support persistent populations.
Winter habitats of Henslow's sparrow are similar to breeding habitats, in that they are dominated by dense groundcover. Either pine forests or open prairies are suitable winter habitat, provided that dense groundcover is present. The winter habitat requirements have not been rigorously studied until recently; 3 ongoing studies represent the first systematic research on wintering Henslow's sparrows.
The scientific community has expressed concern regarding Henslow's sparrow populations for decades, but it has been difficult to document population trends. North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data clearly indicate a significant population decline for this species (since 1966) which is fairly consistent throughout its breeding range. Christmas Bird Count data indicate that the species' population is also declining on winter range. The distribution of Henslow's sparrow is scattered and localized throughout its current range. In 1987, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service identified Henslow's sparrow as one of 30 "migratory nongame birds of management concern in the United States" due to the species' widespread population decline and need for restricted/vulnerable habitats. The Henslow's sparrow is listed as endangered, threatened, or a species of special concern in 16 states and was designated as endangered in Canada in 1993. This status assessment includes summaries of the status of Henslow's sparrow in 38 states and Canada, which make up the current and historic range of the species.
Loss and deteriorating quality of grassland habitats is an underlying cause for Henslow's sparrow population declines. The area of native prairie in North America, which historically provided prime Henslow's sparrow breeding habitat, has declined dramatically; some estimates are as high as 99.9%. The availability and quality of secondary agricultural habitat have also declined. Much agricultural land has been lost to development or reverted to forest. In addition, many hayfields and pastures have been converted to row crop production. Disturbances in remaining hayfields have intensified with trends toward earlier and more frequent mowing. There have been large-scale losses of grassland habitats in the winter range of the species, as well as the breeding range. Fire-dependent savannas and prairies of the southeast have been destroyed and continue to be threatened by: exclusion or reduction of frequency of fire; drainage; urbanization; and conversion to agriculture or pine plantation. Not only has the overall quantity of habitat declined, but also the average patch size of remaining grassland habitats has declined. The highly fragmented nature of the remaining grassland habitats has serious implications for area-sensitive species such as Henslow's sparrow.
The future of grassland habitats is uncertain. The grassland habitats required by Henslow's sparrow are transitory in nature and require cyclic disturbance (natural or man-made) to be maintained. Publicly-owned lands, lands owned by private conservation organizations, and possibly lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) offer the most potential for Henslow's sparrow management. There is a need to evaluate the potential for improving grassland management practices, particularly on publicly owned lands which currently support most large, persistent populations of Henslow's sparrow. Opportunities to incorporate grassland bird management into agricultural programs, particularly the CRP, and innovative agricultural practices, such as rotational grazing, should also be evaluated.
Cyclic disturbances are necessary to maintain grasslands, and consequently grassland bird populations. Prescribed burning, mowing (haying), and grazing are three management tools which have been successfully applied to maintain Henslow's sparrow breeding habitat. On winter range, protection and maintenance, through fire, of natural pinelands is imperative. Mowing and/or grazing may be effective management tools for potential secondary wintering habitats, such as broomsedge fields and powerline corridors. However, the ability of these habitats to support viable wintering populations of Henslow's sparrow has yet to be determined. The timing, extent and frequency of disturbance are important considerations in managing both breeding and wintering habitat. Management plans must also address the size of the management area.
Any effort to manage for Henslow's sparrow should not be viewed in isolation, but rather should be seen as an opportunity to benefit a wide-range of species associated with grassland habitats. The grassland ecosystems on which Henslow's sparrow depends are considered among the most endangered ecosystems in North America. Integrated management for grassland-dependent species is a sound ecological approach, and also makes most efficient use of economic and logistic resources. Recent initiatives demonstrate that conservation and management of grassland birds are receiving increased attention; these initiatives need to be encouraged and expanded.
Henslow's sparrow research priorities include: 1) monitoring the status of the largest, persistent breeding populations, 2) documenting additional breeding populations, 3) systematically surveying suitable habitat on the winter range to identify key wintering areas, and 4)evaluating habitat requirements and ecology of the species in winter range.
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