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Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings
U.S. Department of Interior
Arizona, California, Illinois, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin
Word File
The Tentative Lists of States Parties are published by the World Heritage Centre at its website and/or in working documents in order to ensure transparency, access to information and to facilitate harmonization of Tentative Lists at regional and thematic levels.
The sole responsibility for the content of each Tentative List lies with the State Party concerned. The publication of the Tentative Lists does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the World Heritage Committee or of the World Heritage Centre or of the Secretariat of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries.
Property names are listed in the language in which they have been submitted by the State Party
Unity Temple, Oak Park, Illinois 87°47'47.767"W 41°53'18.308"N
Frederick C. Robie House, Chicago, Illinois 87°35'45.053"W 41°47'23.001"N
Hollyhock House, Los Angeles, California 118°17'34"W 34°5'0.54"N
Taliesin, Spring Green, Wisconsin 90°4'12.979"W 43°8'27.962"N
Fallingwater, Mill Run, Pennsylvania 79°27'59.312"W 39°54'20.055"N
S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc., Administration Building and Research Tower, Racine, Wisconsin 87°47'26.558"W 42°42'48.645"N
Herbert and Katherine Jacobs House, Madison, Wisconsin 89° 26' 29.5332"W 43° 3' 30.6252"N
Taliesin West, Scottsdale, Arizona 111°50'44.31"W 33°36'32.834"N
Price Tower, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 95°58'34.409"W 36°44'53.944"N
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, New York 73°57'35.353"W 40°46'57.72"N
Marin County Civic Center, San Rafael, California 122°31'53.655"W 37°59'50.055"N
Eleven properties are proposed as a serial nomination. They are, in generally chronological order:
Unity Temple (1905-08) has exposed concrete walls that define a series of geometric units that appear to be independent of one another and interpenetrate each other in both vertical and horizontal directions. It is comprised of a cube and a rectangular parallelepiped, linked by an entrance foyer. The northern two-and-one-half-story Temple section, the larger of the two, contains the auditorium/worship space. The lower and wider two-story southern section (Unity House), contains classroom and meeting space. Stylized piers support the cantilevered flat roofs that extend beyond the wall planes. On the interior, plaster walls are accented with applied oak strips that create geometric patterns relating to the organization of the space.
Robie House (1908-10), exemplifies Wright's "Prairie" houses, the horizontality of whose designs were intended to complement the flat and expansive prairie landscape. Its shifting planes and abstract masses drew the attention of European modernists. Built of red-orange Roman brick, the house rises for three levels to low-hipped roofs covered with red clay tiles. Oversized brick corner piers and a central chimney core flank bands of windows at each level. Casements of geometrically patterned art glass are fronted by continuous balconies at the main and upper levels.
Hollyhock House (1919-21) is a dramatic expression of Wright's approach to creating an architecture for a southern California setting. The design seamlessly melds exterior and interior living space via terraces for each room and an intricate circulation pattern. Set on a cast-concrete base, the house has canted walls of hollow terra-cotta tile covered with stucco that rise in almost monolithic fashion. Cast-concrete ornamentation in the form of stylized hollyhocks rest on beltcourses, and masonry walls covered with stucco extend out from the major ground floor rooms to enclose terraces. Furniture designed by Wright is integral to the design, and all the principal rooms contain windows and doors with elaborate geometrically patterned art glass.
Taliesin (1911 and later) was Wright's long-time home and studio. Rebuilt and expanded by Wright after two major fires, it is closely integrated into the hillside. It is part of 600-acre estate in rural Wisconsin that includes a number of other structures designed by Wright; the landscaped grounds, roads, dam and pond are all part of the overall composition and setting. The exteriors of the buildings consist of local Wisconsin limestone forming chimneys and walls, alternating with sand-finished stucco on wood frame, cypress fascia and base trim boards, and cedar shingled roofs. The walls are sand-textured plaster. Covered passageways, constructed of stone, link the buildings together.
Fallingwater (1936-38), a house whose reinforced concrete floor slabs are cantilevered over a small waterfall in rural western Pennsylvania, is also noted for its noted for its intimate relationship to its natural setting and for its striking walls of roughly laid stone. Spacious terraces articulate the house at each of its three levels, and a massive chimney of native sandstone anchors the composition. The interior spaces incorporate floors of native sandstone and built-in furniture and cabinetry of black walnut, all designed by Wright. Steel and glass casement windows and doors open onto the terraces and flank the chimney, providing a contrasting sense of light and openness against the solid mass.
The S.C. Johnson and Son, Inc., buildings (1936-39; 1943-50) occupy a city block and are the corporate headquarters of the original company that commissioned them. They have been described as Wright's "interpretation of streamlined design in...a suitable environment for the workforce of corporate America." The Administration Building has two sections: the great workroom and offices, and the garage and carports, linked by a bridge with a driveway beneath. The reinforced concrete structure is clad in custom "Cherokee red" brick with curved corners. Both the rooms over the carport and the great workroom are supported on dendriform (lily-pad) columns, a continuation of Wright's innovations in concrete. All the spaces were lit by a novel system of glass tubing that formed streamlined bands and admitted natural light. The 14-story Research Tower was added in the middle of the north section. On its exterior, horizontal bands of brick alternate with bands of glass tubing. Much of the original Wright-designed furniture remains.
The Herbert and Katherine Jacobs House (1936-37) is the first of Wright's "Usonian" houses, meant to be artistic houses of low cost for average Americans. Located in a suburban subdivision, the small house has an L-shaped plan. The walls facing toward the street, clad with horizontal Ponderosa pine boards and horizontal, recessed redwood battens, are largely solid except for bands of clerestory windows. The walls on the rear are largely glass doors and open onto an interior yard. The soffits of the flat roofs extend well beyond the walls. The house rests on a concrete slab that incorporates pipes for radiant floor heating and is inscribed with the lines of the 2- by 4-foot unit system that Wright used in the design. A dramatically cantilevered carport, the first that Wright designed, projects towards the northwest.
Taliesin West (1938) was Wright's low slung winter home in the Arizona desert on the outskirts of Scottsdale, as well as his architectural school and studio until his death in 1959. It remains in the hands of the Taliesin Fellowship. In its dramatic siting and innovative use of materials, it supplemented Taliesin as Wright's design laboratory. The 412-acre property lies half in the foothills of the McDowell Mountains and half on the gentle sloping terrain of the Sonoran desert. The principal structures built of desert masonry are linked to each other and to the terrain by low retaining walls, walks, and broad terraces. The composition uses a 16-foot square unit system, rotating at 45 degrees on itself. Walls and roofs are set at 15-degree slopes. Indoors and outdoors flow into each other, and the experience of movement through the complex is an important part of the architectural effect.
The Price Tower (1953-56), Wright's only free-standing skyscraper and tallest built structure, uses a central mast from which the 19 floors are cantilevered, a concept that he developed in the late 1920s for an unbuilt project in New York. The tower imitates a tree in its design - the "trunk" is comprised of four elevator shafts, the floors are cantilevered and tapered much like the branches of a tree, and its embossed patinated copper cladding and sun louvers can be interpreted as representations of leaves. Two covered carports of reinforced concrete, supported by tapering patinated copper columns, are located on either side of the tower. The geometric language of the design includes a grid of parallelograms, comprised of four triangles. All walls, partitions, furnishings and details conform to this grid.
The Guggenheim Museum (1956-59) helped define a new form of museum architecture. The fusion of spatial drama with the spiral form represents a culmination of Wright's ideas of organic architecture. Located on Fifth Avenue facing Central Park, its modern aesthetic and sculptural qualities distinguish the building from its more traditionally styled neighbors. The museum is constructed of reinforced concrete and seamlessly integrates form and materials. The three major components are the main spiral Rotunda, which coils five times around to a sky-lit dome or oculus 95 feet above the floor; the smaller, circular "monitor" to the north; and the horizontal cantilevered bridge that connects the two and wraps around three sides of the building at the second-story level. The entire design is based on geometric modules of circles, triangles and lozenges through a series of interlocking forms. A narrow 10-story annex, completed in 1992, is set behind the museum on the footprint of an earlier four-story annex.
Marin County Civic Center (1960-69) was the last major work of Wright's career and the only one built for a government entity. In its sitting, use of materials, and melding of exterior and interior space, it reflects Wright's ideas of organic architecture as they evolved through his long career. The building is composed of two long sections, the Administration Building and the Hall of Justice, set at a 120-degree angle to each other. They are joined by a rotunda with a shallow dome flanked by a polygonal tower. The rounded ends of the two sections are built into the sides of two low hills. A system of roads passes through archways of the buildings and follows the contours of the site. The building is built of steel with poured concrete and precast and prestressed concrete elements. The roof system is a series of precast concrete trusses supporting a thin, barrel-arched shell of reinforced concrete.
Justification of Outstanding Universal Value
The eleven properties presented as an updated serial proposal for nomination are among the most iconic, most intact, most representative, most innovative and most influential of the more than 400 Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) designs that have been erected. They span almost sixty years of his efforts to create an "organic architecture" that integrates buildings with nature and dramatically melds form with space. All aspects of design, from siting to furnishings, reinforce this concept. The properties include homes, workplaces and offices, places of worship, educational institutions and museums, and seats of government.
Criterion (i): Wright's work represents an outstanding creative contribution to both twentieth-century architecture and to architecture as a whole. The 10 properties illustrate his genius in the creation of an architecture of dynamic interior space designed around the physical, emotional, and psychological needs of the individual and with the goal of integrating the building with its setting. Each also represents a reconceptualization of programmatic requirements in modern terms and a unique expression of the relationship between form and function. Each example is given a powerful symbolic form directly expressive of the institution it houses, whether it be the family, the workplace, the place of worship or of cultural or civic activity. The properties proposed have been acclaimed as masterworks by architects, scholars, and critics, virtually from the time of construction.
Criterion (ii): The work of Frank Lloyd Wright has made outstanding contributions to the development of modern architecture through his treatment of space, his development of an abstract geometry of form, and his expression of the ideals of an organic architecture. Wright's work became widely known through publications and exhibitions, influenced several generations of architects in the United States, Europe, and Asia, and still exerts its fascination because of his masterful integration of form, materials, and setting. Of the properties proposed for this serial nomination, Robie House and Unity Temple are widely cited as his two most influential early works. The Hollyhock House, Taliesin and Taliesin West are particularly noted for their spatial qualities and their approaches to exterior and interior space. The Jacobs House, which was the first Usonian house, articulated a new way of living for middle-class families that was widely adopted. The S. C. Johnson & Son Administration Building and Research Tower and the Price Tower presented new concepts for the workplace and the skyscraper. Fallingwater and the Guggenheim Museum continue to capture the imagination because of their daring forms, construction, and settings. The Marin County Civic Center represented a new approach to the design of a multi-purpose government building that fit function into setting and accommodated the automobile and the highway.
Statements of authenticity and/or integrity
Of the properties that have been altered or experienced damage, careful restoration has been aided by good documentation and public interest in the value of the architecture. The only two that have undergone alterations of consequence are the Guggenheim and the Marin County Civic Center.
Comparison with other similar properties
The properties presented here were selected by a committee of leading Wright scholars and restoration architects convened for that purpose by the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy. The committee reviewed the voluminous scholarship on Wright and consulted the results of the opening of the Wright archives in the late 1980s; considered the entire body of Wright's work; and examined such factors as chronology; typological, spatial, and structural innovation; historical significance and influence; poetic expression; symbolic meaning,; relationships to sites; and social value and purpose. The committee concluded that these represent the fullest and most compelling achievements of Wright as an architect as well as some of the greatest works of the art of architecture in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.


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subset: commoncrawl


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By JOHN FLOWERS
ADDISON COUNTY — Vermont State Police dispatchers at one of the state's four E-911 communications centers may soon stop fielding "non-emergency" calls for local police, rescue and fire departments due to the heavy volume of work they are now handling.
At issue are citizen calls made to local police departments' seven-digit phone numbers during times when the local dispatchers are not on duty. That's usually 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. and Sundays, for most local departments.
During that time, anyone who calls — for example, the Middlebury police number at 388-3191, or Bristol police at 453-2533 — currently finds their call picked up by a VSP dispatcher in Rutland, who then directs it to the appropriate local public safety official.
But due to staffing issues, the VSP may stop taking those calls.
State police officials stressed the shift in policy would not have an impact on E-911 calls, and that the switch would not occur until the affected departments have found additional technology or manpower to field their own seven-digit calls at times when their local dispatchers are off duty.
Addison County officials this week were candid in their displeasure with news the VSP may soon drop the service, a move they said could cost communities plenty by forcing them to hire additional dispatchers or acquire pagers/cell phones through which to have calls automatically routed to officers in the field.
"As a police officer, I'm not crazy about this idea; as a taxpayer, I'm offended," said Bristol Police Chief Kevin Gibbs.
The proposed change would affect more than 30 police, fire and rescue agencies in Addison County, according to VSP Capt. Donald Patch, commander of the state police "C Troop," which includes the New Haven, Rutland and Shaftsbury stations.
MIDDLEBURY — Middlebury's Town Hall Theater has been nourishing the soul with quality entertainment since it officially opened its doors in July. The historic venue will take on the added role of nourishing the body beginning on Nov. 1, when it hosts the first in a series of Saturday "winter markets" that are slated to stretch until next spring.
The "Middlebury Winter Markets" are being spearheaded by the Addison County Localvores. Bay Hammond, a member of the localvores group, explained that Middlebury resident Kate Gridley informally floated the idea last year.
"She said, 'Wouldn't it be great to have access to local goods and foods throughout the year?'" Hammond recalled.
Others took a shining to the concept, to the extent that the localvores — affiliated with the Addison County Relocalization Network (ACoRN) — decided to explore the feasibility of a winter market. Hammond explained that the market could logically become an extension of the Middlebury Farmers' Market, though that organization has been very busy with its summer/fall offerings each Wednesday and Saturday in the Marble Works.
"Our main goal was to just get (a winter market) up and started," Hammond said of the localvores' role this year. "It seemed like the time was right. There are a lot of winter markets popping up all over the state."
Localvores found willing partners in the THT and its executive director, Douglas Anderson.
"(Anderson) loved the idea," Hammond said. "We have been working hard to set up dates."
Organizers believe the THT space will accommodate around 18 vendors, who are likely to sell types of produce with a longer shelf-life (potatoes, garlic, various herbs), as well as frozen meats, baked goods, prepared foods, breads and crafts.
BRIDPORT — Jill Vickers' recollections of Afghanistan had been of a proud, resourceful population working hard to get by in a foreboding yet majestic setting.
But Vickers' vivid memories, culled from a stint as a Peace Corps worker in Afghanistan from 1969-1971, had become clouded this decade — not as much from the passage of time as by TV footage of bombings and some media portrayals of Afghans as terrorists.
"Afghanistan is a place where terrorists live and thrive? This was not our experience," Vickers said of her and her colleagues' recollections of Afghanistan, where they had scoured the countryside inoculating people in small towns against smallpox.
The Bridport resident and her 16 fellow Peace Corps associates are now sharing memories of their experiences in a new documentary film titled "Once in Afghanistan." The recently completed 70-minute film was produced by Vickers and Jody Bergedick, the youth program coordinator for Middlebury Community Television (MCTV).
Set for its premier at Castleton State College's Casella Theater on Thursday, Oct. 16, at 3:30 and 7 p.m., "Once in Afghanistan" features heartfelt and poignant interviews with the 17 Peace Corps volunteers who are now spread throughout the country.
The film, which Vickers expects to air on MCTV at a later date and will be available on DVD, includes still photos of the vaccinators and 1960s-era footage of Afghanistan supplied by Middlebury resident Foster McEdward.
Vickers unwittingly planted the seeds for "Once in Afghanistan" in 2004, during a reunion with her former Peace Corps colleagues. Wanting a keepsake of the gathering, Vickers interviewed the women. She brought the footage back to Addison County and eventually into the MCTV studios. There, with Bergedick's help, she condensed the material into a seven-minute segment.
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Monday, February 04, 2008
Trinidad to Clam Beach Race
Conditions were far from ideal at this year's 43rd annual Trinidad to Clam Beach Race. Over 700 runners braved a blistering cold front to run the 8 3/4 mile, 5 3/4 mile and 3 mile races on the northern California coast. The courses runs along rural windy and hilly coastal roads, through the small town of Trinidad, CA, to the ocean where they must ford the Little River and run the final two miles along Clam Beach to the finish line.
Erik Skaggs, from Ashland, OR, was unaffected by the weather conditions and the waist deep rushing waters of the river. He took the lead early in the race and ran full throttle across the final sandy miles to win the 8 3/4 mile race in a time of 47:35. He out paced San Diego's Pete Chenard by more than a minute.
Erik Skaggs races across the final beach miles to the finish.
The top ten was rounded out healthily by several other Rogue Valley runners including Bob Julian, Neil Olsen and John Leuthold who finished in 6th, 7th and 8th places respectively.
In the 5 3/4 mile race, Todd Ragsdale, from Talent, OR, handily took top honors with a time of 33:52. Joe Griffin finished a close third in 36:29, by being out paced slightly by Jim Howard of Applegate, CA, the winner of the 1981 and 1983 Western States 100 Mile Endurance Run. Emily Olsen, from Central Point, OR, took second place in the women's race by crossing the line in 40:17.Todd Ragsdale crosses the Little River in the lead.
A hardy congratulations goes out to all those who finished the races in such tough conditions. Full results can be found on the Trinidad to Clam Beach Run web site.
On a more personal note: Several local Rogue Valley Runners car pooled over to the race and made a weekend out of the event. The guest of honor was John Leuthold, who's 40th birthday occurs this month. After the race we returned to his parent's house near Crescent City, CA for a crab and beer feast. On Sunday morning we awoke to brighter skies and ran 14 miles beneath the coastal redwoods before returning home. A good time was had by all.
Some of the crew (left to right; Joe Griffin, Ian Torrence, Erik Skaggs, John Leuthold) dwarfed by one of the great redwoods of northern California.
Birthday boy, John Leuthold, being helped across the Little River in this year's Clam Beach Race. He's little, but he's fast!
9 comments:
- erik said...
An excellent weekend filled with runnin' and good times boys! I told you to bring water wings Leuthold.
- Monday, February 04, 2008 1:16:00 PM
- K Skaggs said...
Has Leuthold shrunk since I've left or are the trees and river volunteers really that big?
Strong work boys.
- Monday, February 04, 2008 2:47:00 PM
- John Leuthold said...
I'd like to thank all my runnin' friends for the good time at the Clam Beach Run. It's a good thing for me that volunteer was there to help me get to the rope - it was almost too late when I realized I couldn't touch bottom. It's not been easy being so small; most of my kids can beat me up, I have trouble reaching the pedals of my UPS truck and sometimes my wife is disappointed, but these hardships have molded me into the tough competitor I am today.
John Leuthold
- Monday, February 04, 2008 8:01:00 PM
- pete said...
Great effort guys. Wish I could have been with you. I'm relieved to hear that John made it across the creek safely.
- Monday, February 04, 2008 9:16:00 PM
- Todd said...
Great time was had by all... Like a bunch of bugs flying headlong into a bug zapper! You know what I'm talking about Erik. Sadly we were unable to bag an Ewok or rescue a beached wale. Pehaps next time. Did you guys see how I crushed a two time Western States Champion!! Look out Hal Corner, I'm coming back (or is that Hal Kerner?).
- Monday, February 04, 2008 10:25:00 PM
- Robert said...
John - For a second I actually believed that was you. And I was never going to let it go:)
- Sunday, February 10, 2008 7:23:00 AM
- Billy said...
good on ya bra........
5:25 pace on sand, steve ovett would be proud.
- Monday, February 18, 2008 6:09:00 PM
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- Wednesday, June 15, 2011 11:38:00 AM
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- Wednesday, June 15, 2011 11:38:00 AM


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Summer Itinerary
Dream it, then drive it
Have you ever wished you could tour Italy's wine country in a classic Italian car? Hear the sweet sound of a finely tuned engine? Drop the top down on your convertible and feel the Tuscan breeze against your face?
- Guided by our experts, drive a 1959 Fiat Cabriolet, a Lancia Aurelia or Fulvia, or even a 1955 Alfa Romeo Giulietta through winding country roads, with stops at some of Chianti's most famous vineyards.
- Visit Castellina to meet a professional photographer for your own photo shoot, with you behind the wheel of your classic car.
Let your palette lead you
What could be more Florentine? Artists from the Istituto per l'Arte e il Restauro (Institute for Art and Restoration) will conduct a fresco painting workshop in the Hotel's garden, the largest private garden in Florence.
- Learn to mix pigment colours by hand and watch as lime plaster is prepared to exacting standards.
- Following one of the teacher's designs, begin to construct your fresco, based on the original artwork found throughout the Hotel.
- As you work together to create your masterpiece, other artists from the Istituto will document your work through sketches and paintings.
- As the day ends, make your way to the Palazzo Pitti, where some of Italy's foremost frescoes are displayed, and enjoy an intimate dinner.
Idyll of Bolgheri
Journey through the historic towns and scenic landscapes of the Etruscan Coast, where the shore is only the beginning of your discovery.
- Emerge from a breakfast picnic on the pine forest floor to discover water so blue it seems like you're in a dream.
- Set off in your private convertible along the area's "wine road," a countryside of vineyards and olive groves famous for its great wines.
- Along the way, stop to visit the Sassicaia and Ornellaia vineyards, which produce two of the most renowned wines in the world.
- After lunch, continue your drive to Livorno for some leisurely shopping through the 17th-century neighbourhoods.
A Visit to the Five Lands
Spend a day in the beautiful Cinque Terre area, a natural park with five small, colourful towns, all on the hills of the Mediterranean Sea.
- Drive to La Spezia, located less than two hours from Florence, and board the ferry to the Cinque Terre.
- Arrive at Rio Maggiore and walk on the Via dell'Amore, a beautiful path that winds along the coast and arrives at Manarola.
- In Manarola, try the famous testaroli with pesto Genovese as you take in the magnificent views.


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Priesthood Duties
The Lord has said that every priesthood holder should "learn his duty" and "act … in all diligence" (D&C 107:99). This section will help you learn and fulfill your duties as a deacon, which are outlined in Doctrine and Covenants 20:57, 59; 84:111. Your duties can be organized into three groups:
Administer Priesthood Ordinances
Deacons pass the sacrament.
Deacons assist the bishop in "administering … temporal things" (D&C 107:68). This may include gathering fast offerings, caring for the poor and needy, caring for the meetinghouse and grounds, serving as a messenger for the bishop in Church meetings, and fulfilling other assignments from the quorum president.
Invite All to Come unto Christ
Deacons "watch over the church [and are] standing ministers unto the church" (D&C 84:111). They "warn, expound, exhort, and teach, and invite all to come unto Christ" (D&C 20:59). This includes setting a good example, fellowshipping quorum members and others, notifying members of Church meetings, speaking in meetings, sharing the gospel, and bearing testimony.


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...It's the most wonderful time of the year
It's the hap-happiest season of all
With those holiday greetings and great happy meetings...
|Espresso salt, black pepper, chopped garlic, and truffle oil
|Pear marinade.
1 Tbs soy sauce
1/2 Tbs seasoning sauce (Golden mountain brand). If you don't have it, you can use only soy sauce.
1 Tbs sugar
1 Tbs sesame oil
1 splash Siracha hot sauce
2 garlic cloves, peeled, chopped
|Asian pesto
1/2 cup chopped green onion
1 tsp salt
1/2 tsp black pepper
1 lime, juiced
1 tsp chili flakes
1 garlic, peeled
|I call it secret sauce - SE Asian style
1 Tbs sugar
1 Tbs fish sauce
Season with salt and pepper. Heat up a pan and add 2 Tbs butter and 1 Tbs olive oil. When butter melts and oil is hot, place seabass in a pan. Spoon melted butter over the fish repeatedly. Finish it in an oven. Cook until the fish becomes flaky.
|Cooking sea bass before finishing them in the oven
Spread the pesto on a plate. Place pork belly and Sea bass on top. Drizzle with the secret sauce on pork and fish and also on the side.


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Japanese Consul General Kazuo Sunaga visits Birmingham Botanical Gardens
On Friday, June 14, Friends of Birmingham Botanical Gardens and Japan America Society of Alabama welcomed Japanese Consul General Kazuo Sunaga to the Japanese Gardens at Birmingham Botanical Gardens. Sunaga joined JASA board members including volunteer at The Gardens, Bob Wendorf, and Friends of Birmingham Botanical Gardens Director of Development Olivia Alison for a tour of The Gardens, notably, the Japanese Gardens. The visit was the first to Birmingham for Sunaga and his wife, who also visited the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame in the historic Carver Theatre and the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute.
While at The Gardens, the group also visited the Hulsey Woods and rang the Friendship Bell, donated by the Osaka Central Rotary Club of Japan as part of the club's efforts to promote world peace, friendship, and understanding. The offer was made during the 100th anniversary of Rotary International in 2005, a year in which Shades Valley's Glenn Estess served as international president of the organization.


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Oil Eater
Oil Eater (www.oileater.com) says its Orange cleaner/degreaser featuring a special, highly concentrated formula that combines alkalinity with natural orange solvents to safely clean tough printing inks, concrete floors, walls, and more. According to Oil Eater, Orange is non-toxic, non-corrosive, and biodegradable. It is available in 1-, 5-, 30-, and 55-gal containers.
Did you enjoy this article? Click here to subscribe to the magazine.


text:
'Pretty Little Things' provides a collage of projects that exhibit a playful air and a sense of magic. This book presents antique papers, vintage photographs, found projects, scavenged text, and more. It offers techniques for using vintage ephemera soldered within glass to create finished works that tell a romantic or whimsical story.Alexander, Sally Jean is the author of 'Pretty Little Things Collage Jewelry, Trinkets, Keepsakes', published 2006 under ISBN 9781581808421 and ISBN 1581808429.[read more]
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Knowing how engine oil is rated and how ratings apply to your tractors and combines can help you make a better decision at purchase. Here, major lubricant and machinery company representatives tell us what the classifications mean and how they apply to machinery.
Performance categories. The American Petroleum Institute performance classifications (known as API) are a uniform set of standards to assure acceptable long-term engine performance. "These classifications keep changing as engine technology improves and as engines keep generating more power without getting much bigger in physical size," says Charles Glomski, Case IH materials engineering.
For gas-powered engines, API SJ [or the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee's ILSAC GF2] are the most recent ratings. "For diesel-powered equipment, oil performance categories begin with the letter C [compression-ignition]," Glomski says. "Look for API classification CH-4 (preferred) or CG-4."
According to API, CG-4 may also be used in engines that require CD, CE and CF-4 oils. "CH-4 is the latest and highest performance category for diesel engines," says Harold Tucker, lubricants technical director, Phillips 66. "It's best used for diesel equipment that needs multi-viscosity oil; also, CF-4 is for some diesel engines that require straight grade oil."
The API states that CH-4 is superior to oils meeting CF-4 and CG-4 and may be used in place of those. Tucker emphasizes that operators should "look for the 'donut' symbol on the package; then make sure it contains the most recent rating."
Thick or thin. Viscosity classifications are established by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). There are 12 viscosity grades suitable for engine oils. Because lower viscosity weight is a thinner oil, it can handle the stress of cold weather.
"Base oil and performance package constitute the chief ingredient of a lubricant, followed by a viscosity improver and pour-point depressant," according to Jeff Samet, product manager, lubricants, AGCO.
Glomski says the top three major ingredients and/or property values to look for in engine oil are total base number (TBN) with a minimum of 11 (but a retention of 9 or 10 is sufficient, according to Samet); zinc with a minimum of 0.16%; and sulfated ash with a minimum of 1.4%.


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Congenital Heart Disease
Congenital heart disease (congenital heart defect) is an abnormality in the heart's structure that the patient is born with. Although congenital heart disease is often considered a childhood condition, advances in interventional and surgical treatment have also led to significantly reduced mortality rates and patients often now live well into their adulthood. Find out how smart solutions from Siemens Healthineers can support you in your routine and advanced procedures for congenital heart disease.
Professor Sir Magdi Yacoub of the Aswan Medical Center in Egypt wants to provide high-quality healthcare, to children in particular – free of charge.
Clinical Applications
Our dedicated solutions such as CLEARstent Live or syngo DynaCT Cardiac support your clinical procedures when treating congenital heart diseases.
Low-dose syngo DynaCT and syngo DynaCT Cardiac
A new perspective in CHD – 3D imaging by rotational angiography
syngo Fusion Package
Multimodality fusion in the cath lab
Enabling previous CT, MR or PET CT images to be fused with high-contrast angio 3D or syngo DynaCT datasets. syngo Fusion Package displays relevant diagnostic data at a glance, thereby significantly supporting interventional workflows and overlays acquired data with live fluoroscopy images with syngo 3D Roadmap.
Static stent enhancement software
Artis Family of Imaging Systems
The Artis family includes four product lines of interventional imaging systems: Artis one, Artis zee, Artis Q, and Artis Q.zen.
While the floor stand of the Artis one offers ceiling-like movement on a small foot print, the other product lines include a floor-, ceiling-mounted, or biplane system and even a highly flexible multi-axis system with robotic technology: Artis zeego. The versatile portfolio from Siemens Healthineers offers the right solution for virtually any need in pediatrics.


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(kennedy necklace by Onecklace, vintage silk top, h&m jean shorts)
i found a hair tutorial i can actually replicate thanks to refinery29! what did girls do with their hair before youtube and refinery29 tutorials? i could barely manage a topknot before the internet could teach me how. in h&m news tomorrow is the LAST day to enter the 50 states of fashion contest, so get posting to instagram!


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For as long as there were personal computers, Microsoft had been the leader in software development and engineering for operating systems, and they stood firm on that belief. Today they are going to build a basket to catch the apple.
This week, Microsoft is expected to introduce a tablet computer to run their new Windows 8 operating system. It is the first time in the company's 37-year history that it will offer a computer of its own. Google also has made waves in channeling the same plan as it announced plans to pay $12.5 billion to acquire Motorola Mobility, a maker of Android's smartphones and tablets.
With the tremendous success of Apple, now the most highly valued company in the world, has shown rivals that in order to create superior technology was to "make the whole widget". In the most recent quarter, Apple's revenue from iPad was $6.59 billion, more than Microsoft's sales of Windows.
For Microsoft, making a tablet is a risky venture. Windows has a steadfast relationship with its hardware partners. The plan could erode the commitment those partners have to Windows since Microsoft will effectively be competing with them for sales.
Also, Microsoft has a mix track record. It makes the Xbox 360, but took years of losses due to manufacturing problems. They also failed with the Zune, which is a music player that was designed to compete with the iPod.
The Microsoft tablet is expected to use Windows 8 RT, based on a class of microprocessors called ARM chips. That is the same class of chips inside the iPad.
Let's hope Microsoft will be successful in catching the golden Apple. Competition is always a good thing. All comments are welcome for discussion!
Chrissy Le, Technology Marketing Specialist


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"Town of Westchester, Westchester Co., N.Y."
Published by Beers, 1868
Viewing an antique map is like opening a window into the past. Imagine observing the world, or one of its parts, exactly as it would have been seen by the kings, military, aristocracy, scientists, merchants, and navigators of the day.
Enjoy your journey through time!
Copyright © 2019 Lahaina Printsellers, Ltd. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Snag our games and expansions for over 85% off* today!
Star Control is a space role-playing game in which you command Earth's first interstellar starship on a mission to save the Earth from hostile alien empires.
"Star Control: Origins feels like a near-perfect reboot." 9 / 10 – Gamewatcher
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*Sale ends February 11th at 1PM ET
There are many great features available to you once you register, including:
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Copyright © 2019
Stardock Entertainment. Galactic Civilizations is a registered trademark of Stardock Entertainment.
Steam and the Steam logo are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Valve Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries.
Bank Gothic is a trademark of MyFonts and may be registered in certain jurisdictions.
All rights reserved.


text:
'Jack and Jill' -- 2 stars
PG, 1:31 running time Adam Sandler plays his usual role, that of the successful, irritable Hollywood jerk — an ad executive this time, scrambling to get Al Pacino for a Dunkin' Donuts commercial. Sandler also plays Jack's twin sister, a shrieky, gassy, sweaty amalgam of bodily odors and pathos who travels from the Bronx to LA for a few days, which turn into a few more. At a Lakers game Pacino falls for her, and by the time we get to the most slavish product placement for a cruise ship, ever (the Royal Caribbean Allure of the Seas, so you can plan your booking immediately) "Jack and Jill" has devolved into a smack down between Pacino and everyone who is not Pacino.-- Michael Phillips Read the full " Jack and Jill" movie review
Copyright © 2019, Chicago Tribune


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Where is the bookstore located?
The Tyrus R. Wessell Bookstore is located at:Davenport University W. A. Lettinga campus
6191 Kraft Ave. SE
Grand Rapids, MI 49512
What are Normal Bookstore Hours?
Monday - Thursday, 9:30 AM - 5:00 PM
Fridays 9:30 AM - 2:00 PM
Extended hours during rush periods.
*Please note, textbooks for classes held on the W. A. Lettinga campus are available, not all books for all classes are on the shelves. If you are taking online classes or attending classes at another campus, the books you need may not be available in the store. Please shop the online store!
Tips on Shopping for Textbooks:
- Shop sooner rather than later – more used books will be available and you will be sure you have all of your materials ready to start on the first day of class.
- If ordering online, do so at least 2 weeks before classes start to allow for shipping time.
- Buy used books when available to save money.
- Bring your class schedule or course syllabus with you. You can print it from the Student Connection.
- Check the textbook link on duspirit.com for price and ISBN information
- Ask for assistance from bookstore staff. They are there to help you get the right text books, materials and supplies.
- If your book comes with an online application, do not open or activate codes until needed for class.
- Books for online courses or in-seat classes at other campus locations order books from our Official Online Bookstore at /onlinebooks
Where can I find the textbook information - ISBN, title, price, etc...
You can find textbook information online at the official online bookstore, /onlinebooks or at the Davenport Spirit Store, www.DUspirit.com or in the bookstore on the book shelf tag by the course subject and number.
Tips for Using a Book Voucher
- Make sure to complete the payment process on the Davenportal or with your advisor. Be sure to request a voucher if needed.
- Be sure to have your photo or student ID to purchase books with your voucher.
- Vouchers can be used on the DU Spirit voucher website, at our Official Online Bookstore, and in the Tyrus R. Wessell Bookstore.
- Vouchers can be used for books, supplies, electronics, laptops, scrubs and anything you would need for your classes.
How do I check the balance on my gift card?
Visit the gift cards page.


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- Book Collection
- E-Book Collection
- Multimedia Collection
- Thesis Collection
- Transportation Engineering Collection
- Periodicals Collections
- Olive Collection
Collection of Transportation was donated by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to our library. This donation includes the entire library collection of the FHWA Technology Transfer Center. Much of the materials consist of Transportation Research Board reports of various studies and research efforts, primarily in highway transportation.


text:
Law enforcement officers and city officials speaking at a news conference said officers did not hesitate to confront the rifle-toting gunman after the morning shootings at Los Angeles International Airport.
"They didn't hesitate," LAX Airport Police Chief Patrick Gannon said. Officials said, in fact, that police had just recently practiced a scenario that was very similar.
Gannon would not confirm news reports that the suspect was a former TSA employee.
The FBI is taking the lead on the investigation, which is ongoing, authorities said,.
"At this point don't see any additional threats," said FBI Special Agent David Bowdich.
A flurry of impromptu — and sometimes contradictory — news reports have been going out all morning about the incident.
"There's always chaos in any type of event like this," Gannon said, adding that "multiple victims" were transported to area hospitals.
Security sweeps have been done, Gannon said, and authorities are confident that the incident was limited to Terminal 3.
Recapping the event for reporters at the news conference, Gannon said the suspect arrived at Terminal 3 and "pulled an assault rifle out of a bag and began to open fire in the terminal."
Gannon said the suspect got "quite a ways" into the terminal as police officers engaged the man in shooting before taking him into custody.
Police began shooting as he moved beyond the screening stations,
Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti said flights were continuing to take off and land at the airport on the south end of LAX, but they were "taking off at slower pace." The north runways were closed
Authorities continued to urge people to stay away from the airport, however. Those stranded were advised to call hotels on Century Boulevard for accommodations if needed.


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Julius Whitingerwields the Baton, leading the Bethel Concert Band to a pleasing finale. The band
appears in concert in the fieldhouse March 25.
Bethel Band Performs In Concert;
Program Includes Musical Variety
Sophomore-Senior Tests
Befall Students Tuesday
The Bethel College Concert
Band, featured earlier this year
in its annual Fall Pops Concert,
has scheduled another appearance
Friday, March 25, at 8:00 p.m.
in the Fieldhouse auditorium.
This particular event will be
sponsored by the Bethel Women's
Federation, an organization of
Twin City Women interested in
the furtherance of education at
Bethel. The proceeds will be des-ignated
for various Bethel projects.
This is the first Bethel concert
to be sponsored by such an or-ganization
and may set a prece-dent
for the future. Admission
charge will be one dollar for
adults and fifty cents for stu-dents.
The Band will perform some
unusual selections, both sacred and
secular. One of the featured num-bers
will be "Concerto for Trum-pet"
with Duane Perry, a senior
from Des Moines, Iowa, as soloist.
Another number features the mem-bers
of the clarinet section in von
Weber's "Clarinet Concerto."
Among the other pieces in the
program will be "Sine Nomine"
and "English Processional March,"
"If Thou Be Near," a well-known
hymn, and "Blazing Brass," a stir-ring
This year's band, under the
direction of Julius Whitinger,
chairman of the Music Depart-ment,
is composed of sixty mem-bers
and displays increasing
quality. Mr. Whitinger, previous-ly
a member of the U.S. Navy
Band in Washington, D.C., join-ed
the Bethel staff in 1958. His
Pi Gamma Mu, the Bethel chap-ter
of the National Social Science
Honor Society, will sponsor an
open forum on post-graduate edu-cation
Thursday, March 24. Facul-ty
guests will include Dr. Dalphy
Fagerstrom and Dr. James John-son
of the History Department,
Mr. Richard Franklin of the Poli-tical
Science Department, and Dr.
Two senior music education
students, Andrea Richardson and
Glenda Jorgensen, will present
their senior recitals March 26,
1966 at 8:00 p.m. in the Chapel
of Seminary Hall. The college is
invited to attend.
work here has included direction
of the Concert Band, Concert
Orchestra, and the Women's
Choir for several years.
Mr. Whitinger's untiring devo-tion
and vast musical knowledge
along with the musicianship of the
stu•nts s m e the- band one
Applications for Resident Assis-tants
are now being sought for
the 1967 school year. The position
is open to any student who is
going to be a junior or senior in
the coming year.
Application forms are available
from Mrs. Ward in the Student
Services office. These are to be
completed and turned in again by
April 1.
Although the work is demand-ing
of time and energy plus un-derstanding
and Christian maturi-ty,
the experience is also reward-ing
to those wanting to serve the
students in a personal way.
David Moberg of the Sociology
The discussion will mainly con-cern
graduate work in the social
sciences, but all students consider-ing
post-graduate education are
urged to come with any questions
they may have on this subject.
Several new members will be re-ceived
by Pi Gamma Mu at the
The forum will be held in the
college building lower level lounge
Thursday at 7:00 p.m.
Pi Gamma Mu will also send
out an interest questionnaire this
week to all students with member-ship
information. A general induc-tion
of new members will take
place at the next Pi Gamma Mu
of the outstanding concert bands
among colleges of this area.
Officers of the Concert Band
this year are Dale Gilmore, pres-ident;
Bob Holyer, vice-president;
Cheryl Henry, secretary; Connie
Johnson, treasurer; and Duane Per-ry,
Resident Assistants are respon-sible
for a groups cohesiveness
and good morale. They serve not
only as orientation advisors to new
students, but also are to help with
educational, emotional and spirit-ual
needs of students throughout
the year.
Specific duties entail night duty
three nights a week and one week-end
day and night. Also they may
be called on to help supervise
Bethel's B-Club
Plans Sessions
The Bethel Lettermen's Club is
sponsoring Bible Study sessions
to be held on three evenings in
Edgren Dormitory Lounge. The
dates for the meetings are Thurs-day,
March 24, Thursday, March
31, and Tuesday, April 4, all at
8:30 p.m.
At the March 24 discussion,
Owen Halleen, Assistant Dean of
Students and ex-football coach, will
consider passages from 2 Corin-thians
6:14-7:1 and 1 John 2: 15-
17, under the general topic "Sep-aration
from Worldliness."
Pastor Al Glenn meets with the
group March 31 for a search into
Romans 14 and the subject, "De-cision
on Doubtful Things." Tues-day,
April 4, Dr. Carl H. Lundquist
joins participants in examining
Romans 12 and 13 to look at
"Christian Responsibility."
While all athletes are urged to
attend, it is hoped that other
members of the student body will
be present.
Bethel sophomores and seniors
face special tests Tuesday, March
29 and Wednesday, March 30,
when the college administers two
examination series published by
the Educational Testing Service,
Princeton, New Jersey.
Senior students will participate
Tuesday, March 29 in the Area
Tests program of the ETS Gradu-ate
Record Examinations. These
tests are not to be confused with
the Graduate Record exams which
test eligibility for graduate school.
The Area Tests are offered
merely as a convenience for col-leges
and universities which de-sire
to weigh the effectiveness
of their academic programs by
examining students' test scores.
Three general areas of know-ledge
are examined in the Area
Tests. These fields, Social Science,
Humanities, and Natural Science,
are each covered in separate tests
of the series.
Social Science questions probe
a student's grasp of the broad
field of social science rather than
specialized areas. Understanding of
the nature and history of social
institutions is tested along with
ability to employ these under-standings
in comparisions of cause
and effect, trends, and points of
during semester and spring vaca-tions.
Those planning to apply should
consider the responsibility care-fully.
Assistant Dean of Students
Owen Halleen emphasized this
saying, " These are very impor-tant
people and they are selected
Three graduating science stu-dents
have received special oppor-tunities
to further their education.
Pat Fleming, who will be vale-dictorian
at Bethel this year, has
been offered two teaching assis-tantships
at the University of Min-nesota
and has also been accepted
in the graduate school for next
Pat plans to work on a master's
and later a Ph.D. degree, probably
in botany. Her long-range plans
include teaching botany on a col-lege
Dick Ivance and Paul Wicklund
have both been accepted at the
University of Minnesota medical
school for next fall. Dick, while
completing his natural science ma-jor
at Bethel, has worked as a
store room helper and as a lab
instructor in the chemistry depart-ment.
Paul, a chemistry major, has
taken courses both at Bethel and
at the University of Minnesota
but will be finishing at Bethel.
Part of Paul's work at the Univer-sity
has been under a National
view. Data analysis also plays a
Knowledge of literature, phil-osophy,
and the arts is explored
in the Humanities division of
the Tests. Interpretative ability
receives emphasis over know-ledge
of specific facts, although
factual questions make up part
of the test.
Historical periods of expression,
bases for critical judgments and
ethical decisions, and comparison
of particular works are therefore
referred to.
In the Natual Science test, sen-iors
will face questions derived
from readings and data concerning
all areas of science. Basic features
of the scientific method must be
employed in analyzing these quer-ies.
The senior testing procedure
begins at 8:45 a.m. Tuesday,
March 29, and lasts four hours.
While seniors only follow one
day of testing procedure, sopho-mores
will work two days on the
National Guidance Tests. They will
begin with the seniors on March
29 and will continue again the
following day.
The National Guidance Tests for
college sophomores culminate a
series of special examinations of-fered
by the Educational Testing
Service which are available to
schools for classes from the fourth
grade through the college soph-omore
The tests measure educational
progress, and results are used
to guide both individual students
and schools in working toward
educational development.
Bethel sophomores will be tak-ing
the STEP Tests (Sequential
Tests of Educational Progress) of
the National Guidance program.
Reading, Writing, Mathematics,
Science, and Social Studies are the
fields tested. Each test takes 70
Educational Testing Service of-fices
prepare profiles for each in-dividual
participant as well as
for the school administering the
exams. Seniors and sophomores
will be receiving their profiles
within a few weeks so they can
determine their individual perfor-mances.
Science Foundation research grant
in the University's Bio-chemistry
Officials Note
Deadline Dates
Two important dates will soon
be here for students who wish to
alter their second semester sched-ules
without penalty, according to
deadlines announced by the Regis-trar's
All courses will be considered
incomplete if not dropped on or
before Wednesday, March 3 0 .
Courses dropped after this date
carry a grade of WP (withdrawn
passing) or WF (withdrawn fail-ing)
depending upon the latest
grade report available.
Dr. Paul R. Finlay, Bethel regis-trar,
also reminds students that
any course dropped after Monday,
April 18, the first day of classes
after Easter vacation, will auto-matically
result in a grade of WF
for the course.
Pi Gamma Mu Chapter Holds
Graduate Studies Symposium
Volume XLI — No. 18
Bethel College and Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. Wednesday, March 23, 1966
Student Services Office Summons
Resident Assistantship Applications
Three Natural Science Grads
Receive Future Opportunities
I find equally disappointing the
coercive methods used to force a
concensus in this matter. It would
seem that the S.S. Office, because
of a lack of foresight in making the
cards useful, is stuck with I.D.
cards that few want or need in the
present form and all students as-sume
the expense.
In respect to memo concerning
dress memo of March 11—
A question — are sweat shirts with
collars but without sleeves accept-able?
An interpretation — I am seeking
a redefinition of the word "Ser-vices"
in the title Student Services
Senate Forms
Hockey Motion
To the Editor,
The following motion is now on
the Senate floor and under their
consideration. It should be of gen-eral
campus interest.
"On the basis of evident student
interest and the opportunity for
inter-collegiate interaction with a
more diversified group of colleges,
we recommend that Bethel College
take the steps necessary to or-ganize
and support a hockey team
for varsity competition.
"We believe these bases and the
team are in keeping with our pur-poses
and objectives as a Christian
liberal arts college."
Michael A. Rynkiewich
the CLARION
Published weekly during the academic year,
except during vacation and examination
periods, by the students of Bethel college
and seminal y, St. Paul 1. Minn. Subscrip•
tion rate $3 per year.
Editor-in-chief John Halvorsen
News Editor Jeff Loomis
Feature Editor Anita Palm
Layout Editor Judy Malm
Copy Reader Mae Toedter
Typist Nancy Ballantine
Circulation Joyce Lehman
Photography John Hopkins
Advertising Manager Fran Malmsten
Business Manager Gene Peterson
Advisor Wallace Nelson
Opinions expressed in the CLARION do not
necessarily reflect the position of the college
or seminary.
Page 2 the CLARION Wednesday, March 23, 1966
Letters to, the Editor:
Senate Elections Provoke Presidential Candidates Face Issues
Discussion On Leadership
Senate elections are fast approaching, with two declared
candidates for the presidency, Jim Keim, and Kathy Harvie,
and the other elective leadership positions becoming well
filled with declared candidates. Since it will be the persons
here chosen by the student body that will lead it through the
coming year, a treatise on what constitutes a good leader may
be in order to at least encourage careful consideration if not
illumine our thought.
A discussion of leadership qualities may not only focus
attention on the declared candidates, but may save the student
body from the perennial "apathy" in student government
which may be directly correlated to the leaders involved.
(This was alluded to quite specifically in the editorial and a
letter by Mr. Fred Lund appearing in the February 23 issue
of the CLARION.)
There are many common theories regarding leadership.
Some say leaders are born, not made. Others say leadership
is a phenomenon closely related to the situation or group
in which the leader functions. As situations differ the de-mands
for leadership differ. However, a common result of
either theory is the fact that leaders are individuals whose
behavior stimulates the patterning of the behavior of the
Thomas Gordon states that an "individual in positions of
leadership needs to have as his basic aim the tapping and
developing of the creative resources of his group members.
He needs to believe in the sharing of his leadership functions."
Tead in The Art of Leadership states, 'Leadership is the activity
of influencing people to cooperate toward some goal which
they come to find desirable."
Maurice Woolf talks about four basic types of leaders
which he terms the "hard-boiled" autocrat, the benevolent
autocrat, the laissez-faire, and the democratic.
The "hard-boiled" autocrat achieves goals by giving
orders, assigning tasks, making decisions without consulting
the group, and then checking periodically to see if the work
is being done. The system is basically built on fear of expo-sure
or punishment.
People react generally in three ways to this leader. 1. They
become submissive and dependent. 2. They become openly
hostile and express resentment and may fight for reform.
3. They feel hostile and turn this into depression and lack of
hope for the future.
The benevolent autocrat knows what is best for the
group. He is often soft-spoken, reasoning with the group to
bring them to his point-of-view. In the alternatives he presents,
his ideas always seem the best, and no one would choose any
other. He praises people when they agree with him, but has
no pangs of conscience about withholding information from
the group.
He may also disregard information that doesn't agree
with his plans. He often is characterized by saying, 'We want
to find out what the group thinks in this situation," or,
"Now let's be democratic." But his actions don't correlate
with his words.
The group reacts generally in such a way that there is
loss of motivation, resigned submissiveness, and general apa-thy.
The laissez-faire leader seldom offers suggestions to the
group. Everyone is free to express himself. No clear-cut ideas
or goals are defined for the group. He always wants to be
cordial, is generally unagressive, and is quite the opposite to
the "hard-boiled" autocrat.
Very little is accomplished under this type of leadership.
The group loses morale and may fall apart. This leadership
also opens the door wide for anarchy.
The democratic leader believes in the ability of the group
to analyze and discuss problems freely and arrive at sensible
decisions. He uses his position to coordinate the work of the
group and keep them oriented toward group goals using all
the resources of the group. He is wary about small minorities
using special strategy to accomplish their own ends. He always
wants full and adequate coverage and discussion of issues
with a throrough understanding of them.
This leadership leads to independent thought, considera-tion
for varying points of view, and respect for the opinions
and work of every member. Progress is oriented toward group
goals with action following group decision. There is also a
general work enthusiasm with an increase in both the quantity
and quality of production.
Examining Bethel student government over the past
years, we have found traces from each of these categories,
most of them less than democratic. How best may we direct
our choice for this year? In choosing our leaders we must
carefully consider the leadership qualities they possess and
evaluate these qualities upon our criterion of what leader-ship
will best serve ourselves and the entire student body.
Frank states the concept well. 'Modern leadership . . .
is no longer the expression of an aloof domineering person,
but rather as a shared, dynamic relationship in which . . .
leadership cooperates by evoking from the group a circular,
reciprocal, and creative process. Thus leadership emerges as
the way groups of persons today seek their common purpose,
not for or under their leader, but with their leader."
Dear Voters,
Hi! This is Kathy Harvie. Jim
Keim and I are presidential can-didates.
We've gotten together and
decided that all this usual election
fuss that creates enemies and fric-tion
and misery has got to go.
Actually we figure this cam-paign
could be a great deal of fun
if we just go into the whole elec-tion
with the right attitudes. We
decided to start out by meeting
to decide on election issues.
Think there are any issues or
changes needed on this campus?
I was absolutely positive that I
had an issue with which Jim
would disagree.
Confidently I sprang the ques-tion:
"Jim, what would you think
of having Freshman Welcome
Week in the Twin Cities instead
of at Big Trout?" He thoughtfully
stared at the wall, arched his eye-brows,
and brightly said "Say, that
sounds like a good idea!"
"Scratch one debate," thought I.
"Yeh!" he mused. "They could
get acquainted with Twin Cities
e n t e r t ainment opportunities.
Bethel could get a special rate
for a young pops concert. We
could take them on an afternoon
tour of the Twin Cities. Maps
of course should be handed out."
"Um-hum," I agreed. "In addi-tion
the transportation should cost
less, faculty members could be in-troduced,
inconvenience of food
purchasing and preparation could
be handled by the Bethel dining
hall, and we wouldn't have to rent
Big Trout."
"Well, it looks as if we don't
have a debate issue there, Kathy,"
Jim commented.
"Maybe not between you and
I," I replied, "but there are
some students on campus who
are going to oppose changing
tradition. Perhaps we should
have a discussion to explain our
positions and an open forum to
provide for questions from the
"Agreed," said Jim.
So if you would like to take a
conservative, liberal or middle-of-the-
state stand, come to the LL
Basement lounge on Monday night,
March 28, at 9:00 p.m. Jim and I
will be glad to answer your ques-
by Bruce Lawson
President Sukarno allowed First
Deputy Premier Subandria and 14
other pro-Communist cabinet men
to be taken into military custody
Thursday. The Voice of Free In-donesia
said thousands of Indo-nesian
students marched through
Jakarta expressing their joy at the
downfall of Subandrio.
U.S. forces continue to drive
deeper into Communist dominated
jungles north and south of Saigon.
So far 35 Communists have been
counted dead in the Allied invasion
of the Communist D zone 35 miles
north of Saigon.
Cape Kennedy
With less than a fourth of
their journey completed, astro-nauts
Neil Armstrong and David
Scott were forced to make an
emergency landing. Their craft
experienced violent, twisting mo-tions
shortly after they succeed-ed
in connecting with the Agena
satellite. Authorities say a short
circuit was probably the cause.
Berlin, U.S.S.R.
According to a U.S. radio sta-tion
in West Berlin, the Soviet
Communist Party has secretly
spread charges that Red China has
been systematically preparing
not associated with Bethel. I, in
turn, would like to see Student
Senate appoint either a student
business manager, or student co-managers
to a salaried position.
Research is presently being done
by Steve Roe, a freshman Senator,
as to the availability of buildings
on the Fair Grounds.
We have set Tuesday evening,
March 29, aside as the night for
this debate. It will be held in the
LL Basement Lounge. There will
be an open floor discussion after
the debate. All are welcome to
come and to participate. Hope to
see you there.
Yours truly,
Kathy Harvie
Disgusted Student Rejects
Student I.D. Card Memo
To: Editor of the CLARION
From: J. David Patterson, Student
Re: Recent memo from the Student
Services Office entitled IDENTIFI-CATION
Let me preface my remarks by
saying that it is my opinion (now,
as it was my opinion in 1963 when
the idea of a student identification
card was first suggested to the
Student Senate) that identification
cards displaying the student's pic-ture,
age, year in school, and other
vital statistics are indeed benefi-cial.
My objection is simply that
since the identificaion card issued
by he Steudent Services Office
does not contain the student's age,
year in school . . . in reality it is
worth no more than a personal
photograph with Bethel College
and Seminary, student number,
and P.O. number on the back in
laminated plastic. It is particularly
worthless to graduating seniors
(with or without the price cut).
their population for an attack from
Russia or from both Russia and
the United States.
Paimores Beach, Spain
After two months of searching,
a U.S. two-man midget submarine
found the missing H-bomb shroud-ed
in its parachute 2,500 feet be-low
the surface of the Spanish
coast Thursday. Authorities say
there was no lethal radioactive
Vatican City
Pope Paul has removed the
penalty of excommunication for
those Catholics who were and
will be married by a non-Cath-olic
minister. He also eliminated
the requirement that a non-
Catholic must sign a written
promise stating that the children
will be baptized Catholic and
educated in a Catholic school.
Los Angeles
59 persons were arrested in
Watts Tuesday when 600 Negroes
rampaged killing 2 and injuring
26. The violence started when a
Negro man threw a rock at a car
driven by a white man.
New York
A spokesman for the American
Broadcasting Co. said they receiv-ed
more than 1,000 angry calls
when they substituted Gemini's
emergency splashdown for Bat-man
tions and hear your opinions in a
discussion concerning a Twin Cit-ies
Welcome Week.
"All rigt, so we've got a dis-cussion,"
I said. "Think we
might have something debat-able?"
"Like what would you think of
an off campus coffee house?," Jim
"Well, let's see ..."
After quite a bit of discussion
concerning this, Jim and I both
agreed that a coffee house is
something well worth investigat-ing.
But we disagreed as to who
should be placed in charge of
this coffee house.
Jim would like to see a Christian
coffee house established by a group
71aa-Reade#11 2,e9eat
Bob Monroe, Bethel English major models his replica of Shake-
, •
speare's famed London Globe Theatre.
Royal pitchers, under close scrutiny by Dave
in preparation for a rigorous spring schedule.
Cox work out indoors
Shakespearean Student Constructs
Scaled Elizabethean Globe Theater
by Barb Conway
Instead of writing the four term
papers for Miss Bohlmeyer's Shake-speare
course, Bob MonrOe, a
Bethel senior, is making a scale
model of the front half of Shake-speare's
Globe Playhouse.
Since last November Bob has
been piecing together this struc-ture
which will, when finished, be
forty-two inches across and over
thirty inches high. A book by Ir-ties
as anything from "repairing
leaky valves to inspecting new
diamond rings."
At present, however, the num-ber
of diamond-wearers among
the Manorite population is re-duced
from last year, observes
Mr. Olson. So too, is the male
traffic in the Manor's lounge
area, causing one to suspect a
correlation between the two
Previous to coming to Bethel
in 1964, the Olson's were Wiscon-sonians.
While working in a cream-eiedio44
Wednesday, March 23—Declaration
of Candidacy and Petitions are
due by 5�
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Find Your Perfect Home.
Houghton Lake Real Estate
Houghton Lake is located in Michigan. Houghton Lake, Michigan has a population of 2,926. Houghton Lake is less family-centric than the surrounding county with 16% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 16.3%.
The median household income in Houghton Lake, Michigan is $26,808. The median household income for the surrounding county is $33,540 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Houghton Lake is 54.2 years.
Houghton Lake Weather
The average high temperature in July is 80.1 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 9.3 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 32.5 inches per year, with inches of snow per year.
View Homes for Sale in Houghton Lake
Houghton Lake Map
Real Estate Near Houghton Lake
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Our industry-leading competencies.
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text:
Extreme Makeovers: Home Edition this week featured HomeLife Communities. Our nephew, Tom, was the Project Manager. If you watched the show very closely you could catch a glimpse of him now and then. The finished house looked great and I liked the family this week. We're proud of Tom and all of the people that worked hard on this project.
Pictures from each day are available here.
A few of my favorites by Photographer: Scott Clevenger
Sunday, January 21, 2007
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text:
Bob Lutz: GM Not Losing $49,000 Per Volt
Published: 13-Sep-2012
I was surprised to read Ben Klayman's piece on alleged astronomical per-unit losses on the Chevrolet "Volt." Ben is usually a solid professional who checks his facts.
The statement that GM "loses" over $40K per Volt is preposterous. What the "analyst" in whom poor Ben Klayman placed his faith has done is to divide the total development cost and plant investment by the number of Volts produced thus far. That's like saying that a real estate company that puts up a $10 million building and has rental income of one million the first year is "losing" 9 million dollars, or several hundred thousand per renter.
Listen, Ben and Micheline: that's not how car business cost accounting works.
Let me provide a look at how a car company tracks profitability of a product program: measured are material cost and labor, and these are deducted from the selling price. The positive difference is called "gross margin." Then, one allocates per-unit "fixed cost" (advertising, general overhead, etc.) plus per-unit depreciation and amortization of the initial investment, based on the TOTAL NUMBER TO BE PRODUCED OVER THE LIFETIME of the product. If the margin, after all deductions, is still positive, then we call it a "fully accounted profit," and the car is a winner.
The Volt "variable cost" (labor and materials, without revealing any confidential GM information), looks very roughly like this: A Li-Ion battery today runs about $350 per KWh. The Volt's is 16KWh, so that's roughly $6000. Add $4,000 for the battery pack structure, the cooling, the high-voltage wiring, the motor and the power electronics. So, that's the electric portion. Add about 20 hours of assembly labor which we'll round to a very generous $1000. The dealer net price is, say, $37,000. We now have $26,000 left for the rest of the car, which, cost-wise, is about equal to a Chevy "Cruze" which sells for around $22,000 retail! (And the Volt has no costly conventional transmission.) Thus, the "Volt", by my estimate, is either close to "variable break-even" or may be on the cusp of a positive gross margin. Deduct the per-unit allocation for all fixed cost, depreciation and amortization and it is, surely, still "under water"….but not by much, and less and less so as the volume builds and other, higher-margin GM cars, like the Cadillac ELR, piggy-back off of the Volt's initial investment.
Maybe the Volt, a first-generation technology masterpiece and the most-awarded car in automotive history, will never make a really decent profit.
But succeeding generations of the same technology will. Meanwhile, the happy Volt buyers (most satisfied owners of any nameplate in the market) are getting more that they paid for. (Is that so bad?)
We won't even factor in the profound halo effect the introduction of the Volt has had on GM's reputation as a leader in environmental automotive technology; it's priceless, and could never have been achieved without it.
So, once again, the knee-jerk Volt bashers, devoid of any real knowledge, have had their usual joyous verbal catharsis, but the car doesn't care: The volumes are building globally and it's doing exactly what it was designed to do.
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Scientists at the University of Hawaii at Manoa's Kewalo Marine Laboratory in Honolulu have discovered light-detecting cells in the embryo of a brachiopod, a marine invertebrate, whose organization may be similar to the primitive precursors of the human eye.
"This research provides a new model for understanding the very earliest stages of eye evolution, how simple cells on the surface of an animal could become able to respond to light, and how these simple cells could be connected to eventually form something as complex as the human eye," said Dr. Yale Passamaneck, lead author of the reserch team.
Researchers have long hypothesized that the complex human eye evolved from a very simple patch of cells on the surface of a primitive animal, slowly increasing in complexity by adding features such as pigmentation, a lens, and neuronal connections to the brain. To date, however, few examples similar to the earliest stages of this process have been identified.
Yale Passamaneck and Mark Martindale of Kewalo Marine Laboratory, along with colleagues in Germany and Norway, identified two distinct groups of light-detecting cells in the brachiopod embryo that may provide such examples. Both groups of cells contain light-sensitive cells called ciliary photoreceptors, the same type of cells that are responsible for light detection in the human eye.
The researchers found that the eyes of the fully developed brachiopod larva are composed of only two cells—with one of the cells containing a lens to collect light, while the other containing pigments to block light coming from behind the eye. Both cells have connections to a group of neurons called the ganglion, allowing signals produced in response to light to be sent to other parts of the embryo.
Together, this configuration allows the embryo to detect the direction of light and respond to it by changing its swimming behavior. This configuration is the first example in the large group of animals called protostomes (which also includes insects and mollusks), shown to use the ciliary photoreceptors found in human eyes.
Surprisingly, the researchers also found light-sensitive cells very early in the development of the brachiopod, before any neurons had formed, based on the expression of the light-sensitive gene ciliary opsin, which converts light into a chemical signal within the cell. This light-sensitive structure is unprecedented in terms of its morphological simplicity, being composed of only a single layer of cells on the surface of the embryo, and having no neuronal connections to other cells.
These cells likely act individually, autonomously responding to light by changing the pattern of beating of cilia on their surface. This simple organization of non-neuronal light sensitive cells is remarkably similar to what has long been hypothesized as the earliest stage in the evolution of complex eyes.
Provided by University of Hawaii at Manoa


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|In the following article, I am going to outline a project that we have been working on for Adidas to help them promote the release of their sneaker collection MEGA. We've basically created a system that would allow dancers to create their own beat or music with their shoes. Some sort of modern tap dancing
|Aside from this film, we've also build a real interactive installation in several Shops in France to allow real people to test and play with the Megalizer.
We had to meet the following requirements :
Hardware and assembly
The concept is rather straightforward: I needed two force sensors for each shoe (one for the heel and one for the toe), and a wireless transmitter per shoe to capture the pressure applied on each of the sensors.
I used the Force Sensitive Resistor from Interlink [http://www.sparkfun.com/products/9376]. They have the right square size, are super-thin, and accurate enough to sense the pressure of a dancer's foot on the ground.
As for the transmitter, I just had a size constraint: I wanted something really small, capable of handling two analogical inputs: one for the heel and one for the toe.
Only thin components such as the sensors can be placed under the internal sole of the shoe.
The first transmitter prototype I built was using a BlueTooth chip (class 3). Although the result was satisfactory at half-a-meter distance from the receiver, the latency increased with the distance. At 7 meters, the latency went as much as 1/8th second.
Then I gave XBee technology a try: these wireless modules have very narrow settings, a low power consumption, and I was confident I could reach a minimum latency at a decent distance.
Once I had solved the range / latency issue, one of the major challenges was to make the XBee module so small as to be wearable on a shoe. As we didn't have the budget to industrialize the process, all of the assembly was made by hand
Below the two final prototypes before and after building optimization :
On each shoe, the module included:
Finally, a receiver is connected to the computer to gather the signals from all the XBee chips.
The XBee chip (the emitter) can be programmed so that it emits on its own at a certain frequency both analogical inputs to another XBee chip (the receiver).
The receiver is a XBee chip plugged on a USB dongle. At the beginning, I had a single Xbee chip to handle the signal of the 6 emitters. I became quickly aware of performance and latency issues, due to colliding packets. To solve this, I put three XBee chips as receivers. Each chip was in charge of handling two emitters and the collision/latency issue was gone.
The software
As for the software, two separate programs had to be developed:
The communication between the processing server and the air application is achieved by a socket server hosted by the processing server.
The signal analysis was not an easy task. My intention was to assess when the heel or the toe was hit. The major difficulty is that when the dancer dances or even stands, there can be significant shifts of balance from one sensor to another, without an actual impact having really happened.
I created a rather simple algorithm, which you'll find the basics below:
The application offered the following options:
To design the frontend of the AIR application, I used the Minimal Components of Keith Peters.
I did face loads of technical and hardware problems during the production and tests. Generating live music requires very low latency, and creating a shoe-wearable wireless system was a real challenge.
The dancers that operated on the video clip did train a lot to succeed in synchronizing to play the actual song.
Aside from the technical standpoint, it has been for me a great and fulfilling experience to discover the dance environment.
Conception : SID LEE Paris
Film : YAK Films
Dancers & Singer : Lamine, Laurent & Larry (Twins), Mounir, La Fouine.
Thanks to Keith Petters Minimal Components [http://www.minimalcomps.com/]
Thanks to my brothers Fabien & Fabrice for their help.
If you have any questions on programming XBees, on the processing server or anything else, share them with me in the comments: I am no electronics expert, but I did learn a few things on that project
Sparkfun shopping list : http://www.sparkfun.com/wish_lists/13870
Making-of full res photos pack : http://sidlee.didierbrun.com/adidas/megalizer_photos.zip
Emitter electronic scheme PDF : http://sidlee.didierbrun.com/adidas/megalizer_electronic_scheme.pdf
Processing server sources : http://sidlee.didierbrun.com/adidas/megalizer_processing_sources.zip


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By KATHRYN FLAGG
ADDISON COUNTY — An influx of economic stimulus funding from Washington, D.C., could mean good news for hundreds of Vermonters struggling to buy or keep their homes.
That news came last week, when Vermont's Congressional delegation announced that three Vermont nonprofit organizations — including one that serves Addison County — will divvy up $6 million to spur community development.
By ANDREA SUOZZO
MIDDLEBURY — There is a new venue for art in downtown Middlebury. The PhotoPlace gallery, which opened June 20, displays themed exhibitions featuring work by photographers from all over the country. The gallery is part of the Vermont Photography Workplace, an initiative headed up by husband and wife Rick Clark and Kirsten Hoving.
Work in the gallery's first show — a collection of images of the natural world that is titled "Nature's Whispers, Nature's Shouts" — fills the newly renovated space at 3 Park St.
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