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These sleekly designed cameras provide astounding deterrence
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Discreet cameras designed for seeing HD-quality images in darkness
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Their low-profile design make these cameras discreet and non-obtrusive
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Exceptional image quality with an innovative modular design
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Ideal for space-constrained applications with an innovative modular design to easily fit challenging installations
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Cover vast areas in high detail and reduce the number of cameras required
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Combines Avigilon self-learning video analytics with exceptional coverage from 3–4 individually configurable camera sensors
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360-degree panoramic view of a scene with no blind spots
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Provides indoor / outdoor installation versatility with available pendant and in-ceiling mounts
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Delivers advanced IR technology to uniformly illuminate the scene even in tough environments and complete darkness
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|ACC Version
|Last version of ACC tested with camera. This also implies support for later versions of ACC unless specifically listed otherwise.
|Audio Input
|Receive audio feed from camera.
|Audio Output
|Send audio to speaker attached to camera.
|Automatic discovery of camera IP address when connected within a LAN environment.
|Compression Type
|Describes the encoding types supported for the camera.
|Connection Type
|Describes the type of Device Driver used. Native refers to the Manufacturer's specific device driver.
|DewarpingTeqxtvbww Veste Nike Shield Jaune Running 0Bxaf0wIq6
|In-Client dewarping of fisheye or panoramic cameras.
|Digital Input
|Receive Digital or Relay inputs from camera.
|Digital output
|Trigger digital or relay outputs physically connected to a camera.
|Quick display of whether Motion Recording is available on for the camera.Haute Vente Femme Chaude Laine 2017new Veste Qualité De Manteau
|Motion Configuration
|Configuration of motion detection within the ACC Client.
|Motion Recording
|Support for motion-based recording.
|PTZRoxy Tous Zalando Taille Articles Les Vestes Xs Chez TnwSZqS86
|Quick display of whether PTZ functionality is available for camera.
|PTZ Control
|Basic PTZ Movement.
|PTZ Patterns/Tours
|Ability to create and trigger either PTZ Patterns, or PTZ Tours, depending on camera support.
|PTZ Presets
|Create and trigger PTZ Preset positions.
|Unit Type
|Type of camera.
|Verified By
|Organization which tested camera and reported capabilities.
|Verified FirmwareProject Vestes Capuche Ajustée Paris Noir Bandes Veste X Et Blouson 5EwY7xqRq
|Specific firmware version tested.
|Connection Type
|Unit Type
|IP PTZ camera
|Compression Types


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According to Paul Henry, security and forensic analyst at Lumension, it's going to be a rough Valentine's Day for many IT admins this month. With ongoing issues with Java and 12 bulletins from Microsoft, including five critical issues and many restarts, it's going to be a very disruptive Patch Tuesday.
It's disturbing to note how many different Microsoft platforms are critically affected this month. Everything from Windows XP to the new Windows RT is critically impacted. It's never a good sign when your current code base is impacted. There are also many more bulletins this month than we've seen in the last few months. Henry noted in December that 2012 brought more consistency and stability to Patch Tuesday than we saw in 2011. He hopes that this month is a one-time spike and not a return to the yo-yo pattern of 2011.
Related Topics : Unisys, Stimulus Package, Security Breaches, Symantec, Electronic Surveillance
To protect the company from those insiders who abuse their privileged access and from hackers with stolen credentials, many companies are turning to a privileged access management (PAM) solution. ... More >>
Is fake news a security issue? Some say yes, as it can be used as a social engineering tool to spread disinformation and conceivably to get unsuspecting users to click on malicious links. ... More >>
Blockchain comes with many costs and is surrounded by confusion. Here, we examine realistic use cases, drawbacks and the potential of blockchain. ... More >>

subset: commoncrawl


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Research shows that successful CEOs possess certain traits that are developed through attitude, habit and discipline—factors that are within their control. They have learned first-hand that the following traits set them apart and lead to success:
Passionate curiosity. In business, CEOs are supposed to project confidence, but successful executives are passionately curious people. They ask big-picture questions. They wonder why things work the way they do and whether those things can be improved upon.
Their greatest contributions to their organizations may be asking the right questions. They recognize that they cannot have the answer to everything, but they can push their company in new directions and harness the collective energy of their employees by asking the right questions.
This relentless questioning leads entrepreneurs to spot new opportunities and helps managers understand the people who work for them.
Battle-hardened confidence. Battlehardened confidence is the ability to handle adversity, embrace it and overcome it. The best predictor of behavior is past performance, and that is why interviewers often ask job candidates about how they dealt with past failures. They want to know if somebody is the kind of person who takes ownership of challenges or starts looking for excuses.
Many successful CEOs seem driven by a strong work ethic forged in adversity. As they moved up in organizations, the attitude remained the same: this is my job, and I am going to own it. Because of that attitude, they were rewarded with more challenges and promotions.
People's outlooks and beliefs about what leads to success and failure in their lives carry over to their performance at work. Do they tend to blame failures on factors they cannot control, or do they believe they have the ability to shape events and circumstances by making the most of what they can control? Successful CEOs have a positive attitude mixed with a sense of purpose and determination. People who have that mixture will take on, and own, any assignment thrown their way.
Team smarts. The most effective executives are more than team players. They understand how teams work and how to get the most out of the group. One aspect of the team smarts is reliability—they rarely make a mistake. Another is having good peripheral vision for sensing how people react to one another, not just how they act. You can tell when your team is really listening and engaged. Good CEOs have the ability to recognize the players, the team needs and how to bring them together around a common goal. Team smarts means they are able to build a team, manage a team, recruit well and work well with their peers. People who truly succeed in business are the ones who have figured out how to mobilize people who are not their direct reports.
A simple mindset. The ability to synthesize, to connect dots in new ways and to ask simple, smart questions can lead to untapped opportunities. Many smart executives ask to have materials for a project or a meeting sent to them in advance so they can prepare specific questions, which leads to greater focus.
Fearlessness. Risk-taking is often a quality associated with entrepreneurs. But risk-taking does not quite capture the quality that many CEOs embody, look for and encourage in others. With the business world in seemingly endless turmoil, maintaining the status quo— even when things appear to be working well—is only going to put you behind the competition. Smart CEOs undertake calculated and informed risk-taking. And they want their staff to do the same rather than just doing what they are told. Fearlessness is one of the top qualities that successful CEOs often say they look for in job candidates.
Fearlessness is an attitude, and because attitude is one of the few things over which everyone has complete control, it is a character trait that can be developed through a simple approach to taking more risks.
These five qualities make CEOs successful standouts. If you develop these qualities, they will make you a better employee, manager and leader.
Ed Tock is a partner with REX Roundtables, which runs roundtables for business owners and chief executives. As a consultant, he has worked with more than 1,000 clubs since 1983. He can be reached at 845-736-0307.


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Writing for Psychology
Allyn and Bacon, 2000 - 150 էջ
Writing for Psychology offers a concise, yet thorough guide to successful writing for psychology courses. This theoretically grounded resource covers experimental laboratory reports, term papers (non-experimental research reports), essay exams, and oral presentations. This book thoroughly explains writing as a four-step process involving writing as a tool for thinking and learning, drafting, revising, and editing. The authors provide explicit instruction along with annotated student samples of the experimental lab report, the term paper, and the exam essay. Samples also help to explain effective note taking, annotation of research materials, the keeping of reading-response and research logs, and methods of varying written style. Readers learn how to plan their written projects and how to seek and receive good advice on revising drafts. The book also includes a section on dealing with the most common errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling as well as a concise guide to APA style. For those who need to know the standards for writing in the field of psychology.
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Writing Techniques to Increase Learning
Writing to Improve Observation
Effective Revision
Հեղինակային իրավունք
6 այլ բաժինները չեն ցուցադրվում
Common terms and phrases
Abstract American Psychological Association annotated appears assignment audience babbling behavior book chapters child children of hearing citation cited cognitive completed concise course critical evaluation critical lures deaf and hearing deaf children deaf infants deaf mothers described detail documents dummy draft effect errors essay exam example experiment false memory feedback focus George Mason University hearing parents hypothesis identify important inferential statistics Introduction investigator Japanese Sign Language journal language acquisition language development learning list words listeners literature manual means mental illness Method section mind map motherese note taking object permanence organization outline paragraphs participants predraft private speech psychology purpose question reader recall test Reference section remember revision sample Semantic Priming sign language sources speaker specific spreadsheet stage statistical statistical power story style and format subsection summary talk techniques term papers tion topic understanding usually variable writing process


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Pruney digits help people get a grip
Wrinkling may have evolved as an adaptation to wet conditions
Scientists have an answer to the pressing question of why hands and feet get wrinkled after too much time in the bath: Pruniness may have evolved to make it easier to handle wet objects.
The smooth skin of human hands and feet becomes furrowed after extended periods in water. Though often assumed to be a result of water passively seeping into the skin, the phenomenon is actually caused by the nervous system constricting blood vessels. As early as the 1930s, surgeons noticed that no wrinkling occurred if a finger nerve had been severed, so furrowing has been used as a medical indicator of nerve function. But what evolutionary purpose wrinkling serves, if any, remained a mystery.
In 201


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Hi, guys!
I need to buy a polaroid to my work.
The idea is to taking the polaroids pictures during our events and selling them to our guests. We are the charity so we expect that will be a good idea to earn a little bit on it.
And here are starts all the problems. We need big pictures around 3x4 (?) but most of insta camera has really small pictures. I was thinking about old classic polaroids but I am worried that it will be very difficult to buy a paper for it.
The other problem is a cost of paper if we want to earn something on it, we need cheap paper and some of them that I saw were even £20 for 8 photos...
Is anyone has any idea or tips how could I solve it? Please
office polaroid - help!
Here you can post anything about everything, that's the coffe shop around the corner... Music, tips, mad stuff ... that's here!
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Find out about the features and functions of laser engravers, what applications the machines support, and how they can be used alongside the screen-printing process.
By Jerry Loya
Laser engraving systems can be a valuable and profitable addition to any screen-printing shop, giving screen printers the opportunity to decorate materials and substrates that they might not have previously considered or that their existing equipment could not support. Laser cutting and engraving systems can be used on a variety of materials. However, identifying potential applications can be a challenge. This article will discuss how these devices work and the benefits that they can bring to screen-printing operations.
The technology
Most engravers use CO2-charged lasers to produce precise and detailed images at a very high speed. They are commonly referred to as XY laser systems or cabinet lasers, in reference to the X rail and Y rail assemblies along which the laser moves and the fact that the system is enclosed (Figure 1). The overall throughput of the machine greatly depends on the power output (wattage), the speed, which is measured in in./sec (IPS), and, most importantly, the acceleration of the engraving motion of the machine.
Some lasers on the market specialize in one function over another. For example, one system is specially designed to vector cut materials up to 1.5 in. thick and has a large table size, which makes it suitable for someone who mainly does a lot of cutting. For most businesses, it's important to have a machine that can handle as many different jobs as possible. Therefore, using a laser that can raster engrave on marble and then vector cut acrylic is vital to those who must maximize their resources.
The CO2 laser is the most common system in the engraving market because it can cut and engrave on acrylics, wood, marble, leather, fabrics, plastics, and even anodized or coated metals. Within the CO2 segment, there are metal and glass CO2 tubes; each with its own advantages.
Did you enjoy this article? Click here to subscribe to the magazine.


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Open your Bible with me this morning to 1 Timothy chapter 3...1 Timothy chapter 3. Instead of preaching a sermon to you this morning, in a sense I am preaching a sermon that relates to me for in 1 Timothy chapter 3 we have a text dealing with the standards and qualifications for those who lead the church. This message is directed at those who are pastors and elders and overseers in the church, this church or any other church. Verses 1 through 7 lay down the call and characteristics of church leaders and they are indeed precious and essential words of truth for us to hear.
Remember, Paul is writing to Timothy who is in Ephesus. Things have gone wrong in the church and Paul is setting them right. One of the things that is most wrong is the leadership has been corrupted. As we have learned from chapter 1, there are some leaders who are no longer committed to sound doctrine, there are some leaders who are giving heed to fables and endless genealogies. Later on in chapter 4 he talks about old wives fables, they are into covetousness. They are hungry for money. They are teaching doctrines of demons. They are led by seducing spirits. They are forbidding things that God allows and allowing things that God forbids. Some of them are women who have usurped the role of leadership. Many of them would like to think of themselves as teachers of the Law but they do not understand the Law, nor what it teaches. They have perverted and twisted the gospel. So there is a tremendous problem in Ephesus relative to leadership. And in writing to them this epistle which really flows to the church through Timothy, Paul sets down the standards for leadership. Timothy, in setting things right in the church, in determining how people ought to behave, is going to have the responsibility of putting down the wrong leaders and putting up the right leaders. And so in order to do that there must be a clear understanding of the qualifications for those leaders. And that is precisely what you have here in this very very important text. This speaks to the church at Ephesus, it speaks to our church, it speaks to every church of the qualities required of those who are pastors and elders and overseers in the church.
I am reminded just by way of an introduction of a familiar verse which you know well, if you've studied the Bible with us, Acts 20:28 which says the church of God which Hebeing Christ has purchased with His own blood. Peter calls that precious blood. The church has been bought by the precious blood of Jesus Christ, the price infinite, the shedding of the blood of the Son of God. It's almost as if Christ were asking the church when He says that...Did I die for those souls? Did I shed My precious blood to redeem them and will you not look after them carefully? And will you not put in leadership those men of spiritual virtue and godly responsibility who can lead those people I have purchased to the fullness of My holy purpose? It's as if Christ is saying, "Did I come to earth, did I endure the shame, did I suffer, did I seek to save the lost, to draw them into My fellowship and then for you to treat them with indifference, or to lead them without purity or without devotion or without diligence?"
And so, the question we ask ourselves in this text is...what kind of men are fit to lead in the church? What kind of men are fit to serve as overseers in the Savior's Kingdom? What kind of men are to be the preachers and teachers? What kind of men are to be chosen as elders? That is the matter that this text deals with...what kind of men?
And we said, first of all, they are men who are called and they are called by the working of the Spirit of God in their heart giving them a strong desire. Notice verse 1, "And here is a true saying...that is one that had become common in the church by this time...if a man desire the office of an overseer, he desires a good work." And we see here that the first matter of discussion is this issue of a desire. The call to the ministry is a desire planted in the heart by the Spirit of God. In fact, in Acts 20:28 Paul also says, "The church over which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers." It is the work of the Spirit to make a person an overseer or a pastor. In Acts 13:2 it says they prayed and they fasted and the Holy Spirit said separate Saul and Barnabas unto me for the work that I've called them for. It is the work of the Spirit. The Spirit alone brings that desire to the heart of an individual. Placing the right men in leadership then begins with the Spirit. The Spirit working on the heart, prompting the heart that a man would like to give the rest of his life to the ruling of the church and the teaching and preaching and praying and caring and setting policy and ordaining of others, that that work that an overseer, elder, pastor does, all the same individual, is the strongest desire of his heart. And when that desire is prompted by the Spirit of God, that constitutes the call of God in the life of that individual.
But that call then must be confirmed by the congregation. And so we come to verse 2. And alongside this compelling call in the heart of a man is a confirmation by the church who examines that man. And the examination process goes something like this...an overseer then must be blameless. And in our last study we looked at that word and we just looked at that word. Let me just remind you about it.
It is the word that sums up everything that is said from here on down to verse 7. This person is to be blameless, to be in a state of being above reproach. He is to be a model role of the pastor, a model of godliness, a model of virtue. He is to be set apart as a standard against which every life could be measured and by which every life instructed and to which every life seek attainment.
In other words, the one who is in leadership in the church is to be the pattern for every one to follow. It is a high and lofty pattern. His life then cannot be marked by vice or sin or any ground of accusation. Our family was driving yesterday and one of our children said, "Dad, if a man sins when he's in the ministry, can he be forgiven and restored?" And I say, "Well, first of all, God will forgive. Yes, of course. God forgives anything from the penitent sinner. Yes he can be forgiven. And in answer to your second question, yes he can be restored. It happens all the time." Men fall into sin in the ministry and they're restored and very often put right back in the ministry. That's rather common. In fact, it's becoming very common. In fact, in many cases it seems to be a new standard. "But the thing that is so frightening about that," I said, "is that every time a man in the model role of shepherd, pastor, elder, overseer in the church sins and the sin is known and he falls and he is forgiven, yes by God, and he is restored by the church, yes in love, hopefully through his repentance, every time he is then put back into the ministry the standard is lowered a little bit. The model comes down. And now there's a new level of toleration so that the old standard has been lowered to accommodate the sinfulness of the man." So the perception of the people then is that the leadership in the church isn't nearly as elevated as it once was, therefore the standard for them is equally lowered. Every time the church does that the standard comes down a notch and at this particular point in the history of the church, certainly in our country, it is happening at such an epidemic level where men sin of a major proportion in the ministry, they are restored to that ministry or to some like ministry and the perception of the standard of virtue for those who lead the church and who model godliness is lowered to a more tolerable level.
I have read about a man who sinned flagrantly multiple times, was in a ministry. He was restored. Of course God forgave him when he repented, then he was restored to the church, put back in a place of ministry. And some people say, "Isn't that wonderful that he was able to be right back in the ministry, that God forgave and completely restored the man?" I think it might be nice for him to have that confidence but it may be tragic for the perception of godly people to see the standard coming down all the time closer to where everybody is normally living. And I fear that and I fight that. I don't want to be perceived as being unloving or unforgiving or not desiring to restore, I would forgive and anybody who knows me very well would know I hope that I do not maintain grudges or bitterness at all but want to have a forgiving heart. They would also know that I would desire very strongly that someone would be restored to fellowship and love in the church. But to take a man and restore him right back to a place of spiritual leadership is to start a new standard...not the one God ordained. And then everyone is much more comfortable with their own problems.
And so, we go back to the Word of God. Let's find out what the standard is. It isn't the standard that I see being put upon the church today, it is the standard of the Word of God and it is being attacked both overtly and covertly all the time. The man who serves in the church is to be blameless. There's nothing in his life which can be spoken against him either by the believer which diminishes his example, or the unbeliever which causes him to be vulnerable to any malicious attack and therefore against the church and the Lord he represents. He is to be blameless, that is in his present or in his past there is not to be some blight upon his spiritual life. I'm not talking about what he did before he was ever converted. I'm not saying he had to be perfect from birth. But once a man is identified as a spiritual leader in the church, at that particular point that identification should be based upon a pattern of blamelessness and it should call for a maintained pattern of blamelessness and when the pattern is violated that man can do something else and something else that God may bless, but he cannot be put back in to a situation which lowers the standard without a high price being paid and I think God being dishonored.
There are four areas of life in which he is to be blameless. Blameless is the overarching concept, everything that flows from verse 2 through 7 really elucidates and comments on what blameless means. There are four areas of life examined. When a man has a desire for the leadership of the church there are four areas of life by which the church tests that man: one, moral character...two, home life...three, maturity...four, reputation moral character, home life, maturity, reputation. By the way, all of these things that are given from verse 2 to 7 are present tense characteristics but obviously they reach into the past to encompass the knowledge of that man's life known to the people in the ministry that he's involved with. They are speaking of a present purity, but it doesn't mean that he could have had a past impurity that is all of a sudden immediately erased in the present. He must be known in the present as a man who is and has been a godly man. So while it is a present trait list, it implies a past purity because if his past was impure the present reputation would be a reputation of a blighted life.
So, we're talking about a man who is blameless in the perception of the people who know him in the present which blamelessness reaches into the past of their knowledge and shows no blot against his character. You say, "Isn't that an awfully high standard?" Yeah it is, God wants the very highest standard possible because God is absolutely holy and that's why in 1 Peter 1 he says, "Be ye holy as I am holy," I want to set models in the community that are as close to my holiness as is humanly possible therefore the standard is all the way up here...all the way up here. We cannot compromise on this in the church. I really believe this is just so basic to the life of the church.
Well, this morning we're going to start to look at the moral character. These are so important and the intent of this word is going to be so farreaching in our church and churches around the world that may hear this message that I want to take my time to explain these things in a way that will be understood. Let's look then, first of all, at his moral character in verses 2 and 3. "An overseer in the church then must be blameless, a one woman man, temperate, sober minded, of good behavior, given to hospitality, skilled in teaching, not given to wine, not violent, not greedy of filthy lucre but patient, not a brawler, not covetous."
Now those two verses deal with his moral character. And that is a marvelous, marvelous list. We're going to work our way through that list today and next time. Let's begin at the beginning. His blamelessness is first of all identified by this characteristic. He is to be a onewoman man. Now I realize that the old English, the King James, the Authorized version says, "The husband of one wife," that is not an accurate rendering of the Greek text. It uses the word gusaikos(?) which is woman, it uses the word aner which is man, and it simply says a onewoman man. The emphatic is the word "one." A onewoman man. Here Paul is not stressing marital status. There is no definite article "THE husband of one wife," it is without the article "a onewoman man." And the absence of the article stresses not circumstances and not marital status but character. It stresses character. He begins to discuss the blamelessness of this man by a statement about his moral sexual behavior. His character starts right here.
Somebody says, "Well why is this first in the list?" I'll tell you. In my humble experience through the years, I have found this area of a man's life to be that which most often puts men out of the ministry, more than any other matter. The inability to be a onewoman man. And that is why it is listed first because it is such an obvious matter of grave concern and such a mark of moral character.
Now what does it refer to? Some people have suggested that it means you can't be a polygamist. That's been a kind of traditional interpretation and that's what you pick up from the English, the husband of one wife. In other words, you can't have more than one wife. Well let me put that view at rest. You couldn't even be a member of the church if you had more than one wife, let alone a pastor. That is not what it's talking about. Polygamy wasn't even a major issue in that period of time. This is not Old Testament time, this is Roman time. The Romans didn't have polygamist marriages. Why would they bother. They had concubines. They didn't need to marry a woman to have a relationship with her. They had in their society women called heteri(?) who just floated around to give sexual favors to men and then noncitizen women were used by men for their sexual activity. And then they had concubines. And then divorce was so rampant that we read of one Roman who had 27 different wives and only one at a time. And one writer talks about women wearing out their bridal veils with so many weddings.
And among the Jews, polygamy was not tolerated either. He's not talking about polygamy here. Polygamy would disqualify you from even being in the church. They'd discipline you out before you got in. Sexual promiscuity was rampant, vice was rampant, prostitutes and devious sexual priestesses, all of that was rampant in Ephesus. But not polygamy. The issue here is not that you can't be a polygamist.
Somebody else says, "No, the husband of one wife means you could never have a second wife, you could never be married to more than one person." Well I find that to be difficult an interpretation because in the first place that is not what the text originally says, it says a onewoman man and it's speaking about character, not marital status. But let's assume even that we translate it the husband of one wife. Are we saying that someone who had married a second wife could never be an elder in the church? Not hardly because there are some terms in Scripture by which God not only permits but honors a second marriage. Is that not right?
Let me show you. Look at chapter 5, 1 Timothy, verse 9, "Let not a widow be taken into the number," and the number means the group of widows cared for by the church. The church was to take over the care of widows when their husband died if they were over 60 years of age and if they were godly virtuous women who verse 10 says brought up children, done good works, lodged strangers, washed the saints feet, relieved the afflicted, diligently followed every good work, and so forth. So if these women had lost their husband in their years after 60, they were to be taken into the number and the care of the church. "If they had been...here's the same Greek phrase reversed...a oneman woman...a oneman woman." Now it doesn't mean there that she had only been married to one man because he goes right on to say, "The younger widows," verse 11, "refuse to put on the list." Why? Because they'll make a vow..."Oh, I'm going to serve Christ, I'm never going to marry," and then they'll begin to feel the need of a man and the desire for a man and they'll grow wanton against the vow they made to Christ and they'll throw away their first commitment and they'll get into some trouble. And they may even, verse 15, turn aside after Satan and commit sins of fornication. So verse 14 says, "I will therefore that the younger women...do what?...marry." And these women referred to here are widows. So he says that widows ought to remarry, bear children, rule a house.
So you see then that God honors a second marriage in the case of the death of a first partner. Widows should remarry. That pleases God. In fact, that's a command given here that the younger ones do that so that they don't allow the adversary to cause reproach to come upon the name of Christ. Nothing wrong with a second marriage in a widowed situation. Look at Romans chapter 7 and verse 2, "The woman who has a husband is bound by the law to her husband as long as he lives, but if the husband is dead she is loosed from the law...implied...that bound her to her husband. So then if while her husband lives she marries another man, she's an adulteress. And if her husband is dead, she is free from the law so that she's no adulteress though she be married to another man." So what it's saying here is in a case of the death of a partner, you have absolute right, absolute freedom to remarry. In fact, that's a very wonderful option.
Now look at 1 Corinthians chapter 7 verse 39. It says the same thing, "The wife is bound by the law as long as her husband lives, but if her husband be dead, she is at liberty to be married to whomever she will...mark this qualifier...only in the Lord." That is marry only a what? A Christian...but you're free. Now there's nothing at all ever in the Scripture said against a second marriage in the case of a widow.
So the point of this passage, a onewoman man, is not some kind of blanket forbidding that anyone married a second time could ever serve in a ministry, but there have been people who have interpreted it that way and some who have been widowed and then remarried men who...a man losing his wife marrying another woman and some feeling they could no longer serve in the church. That's not the intent of this text. For God honors that, God allows that.
Then the question comes, "Well maybe it means divorced people." Well if it was intended to say that it would have been very simple, all he would have had to say was this is to be a man who has never been divorced. But it doesn't say that either. It doesn't say a man who has never been divorced because that would be such a broad blanket statement that that would pose problems as well. The Bible teaches that remarriage after a divorce is within the will of God under some circumstances. Let me remind you of what they are. Look with me at Matthew chapter 5 for a moment and you can find this in a full discussion in the series we did "Jesus' teaching on Divorce," or in the book on the family, the last two chapters. I'm just giving you a little review.
In Matthew 5:31 Jesus said to the Jewish leaders, "It has been said...what He meant by that was it's been said by your rabbinical tradition, it has been said in your religious circles...whosoever shall divorce his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement." You know what that means? If you want to divorce your wife, just be sure you do the paper work, that's all it means. "You said, your teaching is, if you want to get rid of your wife, just do the paper work." It doesn't matter, you can dump her for anything you want. And there were Jews who were divorcing their wives for all kinds of things, burning their breakfast, because they found someone more pleasing, any number of things, because she spoke against her motherinlaw, all kinds of things. So He says, verse 32, "I'm going to correct that, you cannot just divorce your wife for any reason by giving her the paper work, I say to you whoever shall divorce his wife except for the cause of fornication causes her to commit adultery when she remarries, whoever marries her that is divorced commits adultery." Implied also, whoever you marry you make an adulteress and you become an adulterer. In other words, you will have adultery all over everywhere if you divorce your wife except for the cause of fornication. What kind of fornication? Sexual sin, I believe, a prolonged unrepentent sexual sin. I believe that in God's grace and in His mercy where there is a marriage of two people and one of those partners continues in an adulterous evil sexual sin and will not return and repent and will not make it right that God allows by His grace that that innocent partner can be free from the bondage of that vile person And the freedom from that bondage is a freedom to remarry by God's grace, but only in those extreme situations of unrelenting and unrepentent sexual sin. That's what Scripture teaches.
Now listen. In the Old Testament, if your partner committed adultery, what would happen to your partner? Be stoned to death and then you would be free, right? You'd be a widow. And just because God in His grace now does not demand that we kill the adulterer does not change the evil of that sin. And should God's grace to the adulterer which spares his life then penalize the innocent party by keeping that person single all their life...no. God's grace to the adulterer that may let the adulterer live does not mean the innocent party is not free to remarry. In the case of adultery, unrepentent, unrelenting adultery, I believe, God will allow a person to go out of that situation and by His grace to marry another.
There's one other situation we ought to look at, 1 Corinthians chapter 7. In 1 Corinthians chapter 7 we find in verse 15, "If the unbelieving depart," now here you have an unbeliever married to a believer and an unbeliever's had enough and he wants out. And when the unbeliever leaves, let him go...let him depart. "A brother or a sister is not under bondage in such cases. God has called us to peace." God does not want you to live your life in absolute war. And if this person insists on leaving, then let him leave, you are no longer under bondage. There are only two situations in Scripture which tolerate a divorce. God hates all divorce but is gracious to the innocent in these two situations, one when a partner commits continuous sexual sin and secondly, when the unbelieving partner leaves. In those two situations the Bible is telling us that a believer is free to remarry...free to remarry.
Now let's look back, to really crystallize this, into chapter 7 of 1 Corinthians again. And I want you to notice something very important as I kind of support that point. There are three groups of people mentioned in verse...in chapter 7. First of all, virgins are mentioned here. We find virgins mentioned down in verse 25 and several other verses mention them as well, verse 36, 37. We all know what a virgin is, that is a person single never married...no sexual relationship, a single never married person. The second category of people dealt with here are widows...widows. Verse 8 mentions widows. And that's very clear as well. A widow is a single person formerly married and now singled by death. So you have virgins and widows.
The third category of people mentioned in the chapter are the unmarried. The term unmarried appears here in several different verses. Now we want to ask ourselves who are the unmarried. They're mentioned in verse 32, "He that is unmarried." Who is this unmarried person? In verse 34 we have the mention of a virgin and right after it the unmarried woman. So we conclude then that the virgin and the unmarried are different. The virgin being single because of never marrying. An unmarried person being something other than that. So they're different, virgins and unmarried are different in verse 34.
Go back to verse 8. "I say therefore to the unmarried and widows." So now we have another distinction made between the unmarried and the widowed. So we conclude that the unmarried are not virgins and the unmarried are not widows. So the unmarried are not single because of death and they're not single because of just lifelong singleness. Who are these unmarried?
Well, let's look at verse 10. "And to the married, I command, yet not I but the Lord, let not the wife divorce her husband or leave her husband, but if she does..." Let's say a woman leaves her husband, here's a divorce, "Let her remain...what's the word?...unmarried." I believe this crystallizes who the unmarried are. The unmarried are the formerly married now single by what? Divorce...so you have single people who have always been single, you have single people who are single by death and you have single people who are single by divorce. But I will please remind you that the unmarried within the provision of God have a right to remarry. Look at verse 8 again, "I say therefore to the unmarried and the widows, those of you who were separated by divorce, those of you who were separated by death, it is good for them if they abide even as I." It's good if you stay the way you are, just stay single. That's good. And he goes on later in the chapter to tell why it's good because you can devote yourself to Christ, you don't have to care about all of the duties of the home and the family and all of that, it's good.
"But, if you can't have selfcontrol..." In other words, if your desire for marriage is so strong and you're a widower or a formerly married person now divorced, "Then let them marry because it is better to marry than to just be burning all the time with desire." So the point is this, people. A remarriage in and of itself is not a sin. If a person was widowed and remarried, if a person was the innocent party in a divorce where the other person was an unrepentent adulterer, a remarriage is not a sin. If an unbeliever departed, a remarriage is not a sin. So we cannot blight someone's life with a second marriage as if that in itself were sinful.
Now having said all of that I would confess to you that the majority of second marriages in our particular day and age are sinful...obviously because they do not fit within that narrow definition of tolerable divorce given in the Word of God. But the point, now going back to 1 Timothy 3, if you're not there, turn to it, will you please? The point going back here is not that he is saying no one can ever be in church leadership who has ever been previously married, that's ridiculous because there are tolerances within that. That isn't even the issue here. If he wanted to be explicit about that he would have said it another way.
Let me add a footnote. You say, "You mean to tell me that if a person was married and their wife was an adulteress, adulteress, adulteress and wouldn't repent and she just took off, that he's still free to be in the ministry?" I didn't necessarily say that. What I said was that's not the issue here. That would become an issue in another part of this section. Check out verse 4 and 5. "A man who rules well his own house, has all his children in subjection with seriousness, if he doesn't know how to rule his own house, how is he going to take care of the church of God?" Now you've got a divorce situation even on legitimate biblical grounds, even fitting Matthew 5 or fitting 1 Corinthians 7, you're going to have to test this man on this too...Was that divorce or did that divorce really betray an inability or did that result in an inability of that man to lead his household properly? Now that's another test you'd have to apply. So in a sense you crisscross this situation.
The point I want you to understand is that in the first qualification given here there is no issue brought up about a first or second marriage. There is no issue about polygamy here. Some have even said this means no single people can ever lead the church. That's not true either. If you say no single person can lead the church, then Paul is disqualified because he at this time had no wife and in 1 Timothy 4:14 and in 2 Timothy 1:6 he refers to himself as an elder, as a member of the eldership. No.
Some others have said, "Well even if you don't have children, how can you rule your children well if you don't have children, so people with no children can't be in the ministry." Wait a minute. Now we are really getting carried away. The assumption is most men will be married, most men will have families, most men will have children, it is not a penalty to be single and certainly is not a penalty if God doesn't give you children. But if He does, they need to fit within these qualifications.
The issue here then is not marital status. It is not marital circumstance. Let me put it simply to you. What kind of moral qualification is it to be married to one woman? What kind of moral qualification is that? Nothing..I know people who are married to one woman, been married to the same woman all their life and they aren't qualified to do anything. They aren't even Christians. That's no moral qualification. There are other people who have only been married to one woman all their life but they are always thinking about a lot of other women than the one they're married to. That isn't the issue. You see, if you say this means a man could only have one wife, you have just taken it out of the realm of moral qualification and you've made it marital status. What is that morally? Nothing. You can be a man married to one woman for 50 years and all 50 of those years not have been a onewoman man, true? Well of course. No, being married to one woman doesn't qualify you for anything except for a pat on the back. And nice that you sort of followed through on that high standard. No, we're talking about moral qualifications.
The issue here, beloved, is a onewoman man. What that means is a man devoted to one woman in his heart and man...in his heart and mind. Keep in your mind that sexual evil was rampant in Ephesus. In fact, Ovid wrote a book, he was an ancient writer, wrote a book called "The Art of Love." My favorite quote from his book, "The Art of Love" is this quote, he said, "Only the ugly are loyal." Now that will give you a little idea of the sexual standard of the time. The only reason you were loyal was because you were ugly, and nobody would bother you at all.
You see, those people lived in an absolute barnyard, a pigpen of immorality. And what he is saying, you see, to Timothy is, "Hey, Timothy, one thing you're going to have to do at the very beginning, when you put these men in a position of leadership, it will be made very clear that they are onewoman men because that's the only standard that God tolerates in His church in terms of godly living." This is a man who loves only one woman, who desires only one woman, who thinks of only one woman, whose heart is for only one woman and that woman is the wife that God has given to him. This is a man who would never do treacherously against the wife of his youth, as the prophet put it, not in a legal sense of divorcing nor in the spiritual sense of violating that commitment to her in his own mind, in his own heart.
You remember what Jesus said to the Jewish leaders in Matthew 5? He said, "If you look on a woman to lust after her, you've committed adultery in your heart." Well, that's the kind of man that is not fit for the ministry, the kind of man who though married to only one woman lusts after many other women. Sexual purity in thought, sexual purity in conduct, and you see the reason this is at the top of the list is because this is such a major problem.
To be honest with you, and I could never support this, there may have been in the congregation of the church at Ephesus very few people who hadn't at one time been divorced. I don't know that, certainly in the early church it must have been rampant. Very few people who hadn't had all kinds of sexual escapades, but when they came to Christ, from then on there was to be purity of life. Now I don't want you to think for a minute that a man can be in the ministry and if he's got high profile ministry he can have a divorce and a woman can leave him and that's okay, he can just stay in the ministry. If that divorce fits the biblical qualification and if that man is seen to be innocent by all and if he can still demonstrate to the world around him and to the people in his ministry that he controls his own family, then he can sustain that ministry, but that is highly unlikely. That is a very...a very threatening event. But that's not the issue here. The issue here is the heart of the man, the moral character of the man.
When I was ordained after about a month or two of preparation and counsel meetings, I came to my final ordination and I went through three hours of questioning. And at the end of that time I was ordained to the ministry, the men came up to sign my ordination certificate, the first name signed there, the biggest name, sort of a "John Hancock" thing, very large, it sits there on my ordination certificate behind my desk in my study, that name of that man right there, he was the first to sign, he was so, you know, anxious to commend me to the ministry. He signed his name there and within a brief period of time was defrocked, thrown out of the church for sleeping with a whole lot of women he was counseling in his church. And I never look at that name on my certificate, and I can't help but see it because it's the name that sticks out above the rest, without thinking to myself, "That is a reminder of exactly what the Apostle Paul is talking about, this man was disqualified because he was not a man devoted to one woman." And, you see, if that is true of a man, and you overlook that or you just sort of push that aside and you cover it up or you say we're going to restore the man and then you bring him back in the ministry and say, "Well, he's repented and we've forgiven him and it's wonderful and now he's back in leadership in the church," you have just done what? You've lowered the standard and you've said it really doesn't mean a onewoman man, it just means a onewoman man most of the time...most of the time. No, no...not most of the time, all of the time...all of the time.
And, you say, "Well, that was in the past." Well maybe it was so far in the past before he was converted it wasn't a problem, but if it's in the past since he's been in a position of spiritual growth or responsibility, it is a problem. And once he steps into leadership, if it happens then, it is for sure a disqualification. And I'm not saying he can't come back and serve people and serve the Lord and maybe share the Word with people and be a part of the church community, I'm just saying if you put him right back in the position of spiritual leadership as the model of virtue and the standard that God would have and the pattern of holiness, you've just lowered the standard.
Well, let's go to a second one, at least we can cover two today. And that's the word temperate. Interesting word, not until this study began for me did I really understand this word. I had never really dealt with it before. But I looked it up and it's the word nephalios, it means wineless. Kind of interesting, it means unmixed with wine. Yes, Judges 9:13 says, "Wine cheers the heart," sure it was a pleasurable thing to drink the sweet juice of the grape. But it was also a potential for great harm. That's why they always mixed it with water, you see, it's a hot and dry land, Bible lands, and you would drink a lot just to replenish the fluids that your body lost in the heat. And the more you drank, the more potential for drunkenness. And so, wine was always mixed with high amounts of water so that you could drink it without having drunkenness result.
But even so it was potentially dangerous because of the lack of refrigeration and the degenerative properties of wine that made it ferment and gain an alcoholic content which could become intoxicating. And that is why, though it can cheer the heart and though it can be good, as Paul says to Timothy, for the stomach's sake in some matters and though it could be given to someone who is near death for the sake of relieving their pain, still its goodness is not the whole story. It is offset greatly by statements like this in Proverbs 20 verse 1, "Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise." Or Proverbs 23, "Who hath woe, who hath sorrow, who hath contentions, who hath babbling, who hath wounds without cause? Who hath redness of eyes? They that tarry long at the wine, they that go and seek even mixed wine. Look not though upon the wine when it is red, when it gives its color in the cup, when it moves itself a right." In other words, full bodied wine. "At the last it bites like a serpent, it stings like an adder and thine eyes shall behold strange things," that's the D.T.s. "Thine heart shall utter perverse things." You'll be like somebody lying in the middle of the sea or lying on the top of a mast, all kinds of illusions. "You'll say, They've stricken me. And you'll say, I wasn't sick. And they've beaten me and I felt it not. And then you'll say, When will I awake? And I'll seek it again."
The wine that mocks. I think of Noah in Genesis chapter 9, he decided to plant a vineyard. He was a farmer, it says, he was going to plant a vineyard so he did and then he drank of his vineyard and he became drunk. And then he went in his tent and it says he appeared in his nakedness. And that doesn't just mean he didn't have his clothes on, there is some kind of evil sexual allusion in those words. And his son came in and came out and mocked him and his other sons went in backwards with something to cover him up because they were so ashamed of his nakedness, his evil vile sinfulness because of his intoxication. And you read of Amnon in 2 Samuel chapter 13 verses 28 and 29. Read throughout Scripture the evil of drink and read Leviticus 10:9 where it says that the priest is never to enter into the house of God to function in his priestly duty having consumed wine. It was forbidden to them forever, it says. The Nazarite vow, the highest vow of spiritual commitment in the Old Testament, Numbers 6:3, forbid a person to drink it. It was forbidden to kings, it was forbidden to princes and all leaders in Proverbs 31:4.
The potential of that is so devastating because of the judgments that have to be made, because of the model that has to be set, because of the example. And so he says, first of all, this overseer must be a onewoman man, and a man who doesn't participate in drinking. Those are the two cultural evils of the time, as well as the two evils of the heart. Drunken orgies were part of Ephesian culture. You read the story of Diana of the Ephesians and what went on at the temple and the kind of life style. Josephus says, "The word was commonly used for abstaining from wine entirely." That's Josephus.
The primary idea here may not even be this, although this is certainly an inherent idea. And the reason the word is translated "temperate," rather than having something to do with wine specifically is because in a metaphorical usage it means to be..what can I say?...alert, watchful, vigilant, clearheaded. You never allow yourself to get intoxicated. You're always thinking clearly. It is that inner strength that denies any excess...abstinence, alertness, watchfulness. You never allow yourself to sink to the level, says William Hendrickson, where your pleasures are primarily those of the senses, your pleasures should always be those of the soul. You have a balanced, controlled life style, no excess and always in clear clear use of your faculties.
Anybody in spiritual leadership better function like that. Better be a person who is wineless, unmixed with wine, one who doesn't have his head all muddied up with that or with anything else. Any excess really we could apply here. There's a certain moderation of life in this. And there are so many things in which we can be excessive, not just drink but for some food and often gluttony and drinking are linked. It seems to be that in the past overeating has been known as the "preacher's sin." And often that's a just criticism. But we are to be balanced, we are to be without excess who lead spiritually. Why? Because God expects us to have a higher standard than the people? No, because God expects the people to have that high standard, but in order to have that high standard they have to have a model to follow, okay? That's very important to understand. We're not to live this in isolation from the people. We're not to elevate ourselves to some priestly stratosphere where everybody bows down and says, "Oh, aren't they supernatural?" We're to be the pattern to which everyone arises.
So, what is it that God requires of one who leads in His church? He requires that the man be devoted to one woman with all his heart and mind. That's a mark of virtue, beloved. I'm telling you, in a world like this today with all the garbage that is thrown and the filth of television and movies and music and books and magazines and everything else, for men to be able to stand true in heart to the woman God gave them is a mark of moral character by God's grace and power. And also, in a world full of excesses, for a man to be clearheaded and to stay away from those things whether they be drink or drugs or gluttony or whatever other excesses the world pushes on us and to maintain a balance of life, an alertness, and a watchfulness and a clear mindedness, that is also another mark of moral character.
I sometimes think that we...we only look at one thing, you know, when we think about a young man going into the ministry and that is...has he got a lot of personality and can he talk? Somewhere along the line I only wish that we had some kind of means by which we could screen things like this because these are the things the Spirit of God establishes as the standards for those who minister in the church. My prayer is that God will make us these kind of men, God will raise up more of these kinds so that the standard can be set so that the church of Christ can be all that God would have it to be. And as I said at the beginning, every time the church dismisses these standards and lowers them, it comes up with something less than God wants and the people then ascend to less and the church is diminished. And that is tragic. So let it be that the standard stays where God put it and that we endeavor to be the kind of men God would have us to be so that you can be the people who have the examples needed to follow.
We come to You, Lord, this morning then with thankful hearts...not because we've arrived at this point but because we know what You require and You never asked anything that You didn't enable us by Your Spirit to do. I pray, Father, now for myself and the pastors and elders of this church that You would keep us all committed to these things, blameless, devoted to that one woman with a pure heart, clean thoughts and intents and motives, pure and steadfast devotion. And, Lord, keep us from those excesses that betray a lack of a disciplined life, a lack of watchful alertness and help us, Lord, to function with full faculties, alert and awake and alive to Thee and to the enemy and to Thy people and Thy work. And I pray, Lord, also not only for us but for the many young men following behind who shall lead the next generation who will stand in the place of those who now lead. I pray, Lord, for them the same things.
I pray for the purging of the church and the purging of those who aspire to ministry. I pray also for the people that having the standard that You would desire to set, they might follow that pattern to be what You would have them to be. This we ask, Lord, not for our sake, not for our sake, not for our glory, not for our reputation but for Thy sake, for Thy glory, for Thy reputation as the Lord of the church whom we love and serve. Amen.
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Developers were given server controls to quickly and effectively arrange views, and code-behind classes to serve incoming requests and produce appropriate responses. A code-behind class is a piece of code that is tightly bound to the ASP.NET infrastructure. Any code placed in a code-behind class has direct access to the HTTP context and can read and write cookies, posted data, query string parameters, session state, HTTP headers, and so forth. Code-behind classes serve two main purposes: For HTTP GET requests, they set up the page for display; for HTTP POST requests, they grab posted data, prepare a call to the application's back end, receive a response, and prepare the next view for the user.
Sounds like a simple workflow, right? But in fact, it is not necessarily simple. The real complexity of such a workflow is determined by the inherent complexity of the call made to the application's back end. It is one thing to invoke a stored procedure from the code-behind class and display its results; it is quite another to invoke a stored procedure that is only one step in a far more complex piece of business logic. As an example, consider what it means for an e-commerce application to place an order. There might be extremely simple scenarios in which all that is required is adding a few records in a couple of tables; say, one record in the
OrderDetails table for each item ordered, and one record for the order itself in the
Orders table. In such a case, it might be acceptable that developers place all the code a single call to the Data Access Layer right in the code-behind class.
What if, instead, placing an order involves several (sequential and conditional) steps such as checking the credit status of the customer, checking the availability of goods, refilling stock by placing orders to suppliers, interacting with the back end systems of the shipping company, updating the company's accounting systems, and maybe more? You might still need to add a bunch of records to the
Orders and
OrderDetails tables, but there's now a whole workflow to be orchestrated, which significantly increases the level of complexity of the code you need to trigger from the user interface.
Can this orchestration code be managed from within code-behind classes?
Over the past few years, scenarios where the code required to serve a Web request is fairly complex have become ubiquitous. As a result, having fat methods in code-behind classes shifted from being an acceptable practice to being a bad practice best avoided for the sake of maintainability and testability.
More complexity in the logic expressed via software inevitably means a stricter need to test the code to ensure that changes and new development don't break existing features.
How Easy Is It To Test Code Written for the ASP.NET Framework?
Design for Testability is a methodology aimed at making software easier to test automatically through other software. Design for Testability is centered on three pillars: visibility, control, and simplicity. Code that is easy to test is code that exposes the most relevant parts of the internal state so that appropriate assertions can be written and checked. Likewise, for tests to be relevant and reliable, testers should be able to force ad hoc input values on methods and exercise control over their invocation. Finally, the simpler the code, the more reliable response you get from the test.
The main impact of testability on software development comes through unit tests and integration tests. Unit tests are automatic tests done for the most part in isolation on code that has no dependencies whatsoever on the surrounding environment. Integration tests instead check whether interconnected parts of the system work well together.
When you try to apply Design for Testability to ASP.NET Web Forms, you find that you can gain a good level of visibility over the state of the infrastructure (that is, ASP.NET intrinsic objects), but you can hardly force test values without spinning up the entire ASP.NET runtime in the test environment. In fact, in ASP.NET Web Forms, you can't just simulate a fake HTTP context with test values in session state, a response stream that saves to memory, or an ad hoc query string. Because code-behind classes are tightly bound to the ASP.NET HTTP runtime, and the ASP.NET HTTP runtime doesn't allow mocking, covering ASP.NET Web Forms applications with unit tests is pretty hard. Integration tests then seem to be the only affordable option you have for testing ASP.NET Web Forms pages. But integration tests, by nature, are slower to run, thus developers tend to run them less often.
What Can You Do About It?
Unit testing is quite problematic in ASP.NET Web Forms if developers place all of the use-case logic into code-behind classes. An alternative option would be introducing a new layer of code that bridges code-behind classes (still part of the presentation layer) to the back end of the system. Such intermediate classes would receive HTTP context-specific data as an argument and operate in total isolation from the surrounding HTTP context. As a result, you extract all code that really expresses application logic from the presentation layer. The resulting design is therefore cleaner and much more testable.
So the bottom line is that while ASP.NET Web Forms certainly was not laid out with testability in mind (it was designed at a time when testability was not a primary concern for most developers), by intensively applying good principles of software design (Separation of Concerns and layers) you can easily write ASP.NET code that is unit testable.
On a final note, let's consider the twin ASP.NET framework the increasingly popular ASP.NET MVC. Being a newer framework, ASP.NET MVC was designed for helping developers to write more testable code. And those good old principles of software design applied to ASP.NET MVC can make not just your code but also your unit tests far simpler.


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So the other day I was cutting recipes out of magazines and came across this one in a 2007 Better Homes and Gardens Mag. It was a basic recipe for making ravioli and I knew then and there, I just had to do it! I made my own filling and pasta sauce because the recipe one sounded boring. IT WAS SCRUMPTIOUS!
Its probably not something you'd do every day, pasta making. Its so cheap to buy that most people probably would never ever even think of making it from scratch. It was special though and well worth the time to create. It would be the perfect meal to make with your husband or better half--I believe cooking together is a great bonding activity and gives so much pleasure. It would also make the pasta making process go a lot quicker, as two hands make light work! So go on, get your hubby in an apron...I swear you'll both enjoy it!
2 1/2 cups plain four
1/2 tsp. salt
4 eggs, room temperature
1/4 cup virgin olive oil
Sift flour and salt into a large glass bowl. Make a well in the centre with the dry ingredients, and break each egg into the well. Add oil. Using your fingertips, gradually blend the dry mixture into the wet mixture. Continue to blend little by little until a thick dough forms. Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured surface and knead for 3-4 minutes until smooth and elastic. Leave dough on surface, cover with the mixing bowl and leave for 30-40 minutes.
Meanwhile, make the filling of your choice. (I used 200g cooked chicken, 2 cups of baby spinach, 150g pumpkin and cashew chunky dip and a little salt, garlic and lemon juice for mine. Process until fine in a blender)
Cut the dough into six even portions. Knead each into a ball, then pull the balls into long ovals. Using a lightly dusted rolling pin or you pasta maker, roll out each until thin and even (about 50 cm long and 10-12 cm wide.)
Cover strips with a clean tea towel to prevent drying out. Don't layer the strips as they will stick. Cut circles out of the rolled pasta dough. mound a teaspoon of filling into the centre of each and brush the edges with a little water. Fold in half to create a crescent shape. press the edges together with the end of a fork. Place on a clean tea towel.
When all pasta has been used, prepare a large saucepan of salted water on the stove top. Bring to a slow boil and add pasta, 6-8 at a time for 3-4 minutes until tender. Remove with a slotted spoon and place on a clean tea towel. Continue to cook the others in such batches.
Prepare a sauce. (I used about 1 cup of cream, 1/2 cup sliced mushrooms, 1/4 cup diced bacon and some salt, boiled over a low heat) Add all the ravioli parcels to the sauce and cook for a further 2-3 minutes. Serve.
Serves 4.
NOTES: a rolling pin is a good substitute if you don't have a pasta roller. You can also freeze the ravioli for up to a month, uncooked. Add to boiling water frozen, and cook for an extra 3-4 minutes.


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BRISTOL — After two decades on the Vermont Agency of Transportation's to-do list, VTrans officials are making serious moves to get the Route 116 "Stoplight Bridge" replacement project in Bristol off the ground.
Dealing with a wide range of obstacles over many years, the crew at VTrans finally has a concrete plan to remedy the temporary bridge that's been in place for 11 years. VTrans engineer Martha Evans-Mongeon, who has been managing this project since 2003, told the Bristol selectboard last week that a new span could be in place by 2014.


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The Mono project, an open source initiative sponsored by Novell, today announced the availability of Mono 2.0, an open source, cross-platform .NET development framework. Mono 2.0 provides all the necessary software to develop and run .NET client and server applications on Linux, as well as other operating systems. The new Mono 2.0 release is now compatible with the desktop and server components of version 2.0 of the Microsoft .NET framework and features the Mono Migration Analyzer (MoMA), an analytical tool for .NET-to-Linux migrations.
According to an IDC study, nearly 50 percent of IT decision makers, developers and architects surveyed, reported that they use Microsoft .NET as the application technology platform on which their mission-critical applications (excluding email) run. With Mono 2.0, developers can leverage their existing investment and skill sets to build .NET 2.0 applications for deployment on a variety of platforms, including Linux, Solaris, Unix, and Mac OS X.
"Mono 2.0 gives .NET developers the freedom to run their applications on a wide variety of operating systems, including Linux, MacOS, and Unix," said Miguel de Icaza, vice president of Development Platforms at Novell and maintainer of the Mono project. "Mono 2.0 benefits a wider range of developers, ISVs and end-users by allowing them to write their applications once and run them on any OS platform, dramatically increasing portability and expanding their market reach."
Mono 2.0 now includes MoMA, the Mono Migration Analyzer. MoMA, which runs natively on .NET or on the Mono framework, helps developers quantify the number of changes required to run their .NET application in a Linux environment. In an analysis of 4600 .NET applications using MoMA, 45 percent of the applications required no code changes to work with Mono. An additional 24 percent of the applications were shown to require fewer than six code changes to run on Mono.
One of the most recent successful uses of the Mono framework is the rapid development of Moonlight, an open-source, Mono-based plug-in version of Microsoft Silverlight, which is used to create and host next-generation, rich interactive applications. Linden Labs also uses Mono in the development of its Second Life project to improve the stability and speed of scripts -- particularly calculation-intensive ones.
New features available in Mono 2.0 include:
- Easy installation. A one-click install feature for SUSE Linux Enterprise and openSUSE, as well as easy-to-use installers for many of the other supported platforms, including Windows and Mac OS X.
- Comprehensive platform, hardware and API support. The Mono framework supports a variety of platforms, including Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, BSD and Windows; a variety of hardware options, such as x86, AMD 64, IA-64 (Itanium 2), EMT 64, PowerPC, ARM, S390 and S390x, SPARC and SPARC 9; all Microsoft .NET 2.0 APIs, including ASP.NET, ADO.NET and Windows.Forms; and C# 3.0 compiler with LINQ support.
- Performance upgrades. Improves scaling and performance for ASP.NET, ADO.NET and Mono runtime.
- Useful downloads. A Virtual Machine image that comes with a ready-to-use development environment, as well as many open source Web and desktop .NET applications, including the ASP.NET Starter Kits and other demos. An updated version of the MoMA tool, with improved reporting, is also available.
Steve G. Bjorg, CTO at MindTouch says tha, "MindTouch built their open source enterprise collaboration and integration platform, Deki, on the Mono framework. MindTouch Deki enables customers to 'webify' legacy applications, bridge multiple applications with a common interface and provide a more usable interface to systems and databases. Since the core of MindTouch Deki is implemented in C# and deployed to Linux using Mono, we are excited to see Mono 2.0 adding C# 3.0 compiler support, including support for Language Integrated Query (LINQ)."


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Find Your Perfect Home.
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Non-ignorable missing data in longitu...
Mplus Discussion
Missing Data Modeling
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Sunday, February 21, 2010 - 4:41 pm
The missing data modeling paper I have referred to in earlier Mplus Discussion posts is now posted with Mplus scripts at
Muthén, B., Asparouhov, T., Hunter, A. & Leuchter, A. (2010). Growth modeling with non-ignorable dropout: Alternative analyses of the STAR*D antidepressant trial. Submitted for publication.
Jon Heron
posted on Thursday, May 06, 2010 - 10:33 am
Hi Bengt,
I recently attempted the final model (figure 15) without the growth component - i.e. parallel LCA models for my data and for indicators of missing.
I got huge bivariate residuals between u_i and m_i at each time point. Is there a way round this? Perhaps this is even acceptable provided the other residuals are small.
Unfortunately my measures are subtly different across time so growth factors are not really an option.
many thanks, Jon
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Thursday, May 06, 2010 - 5:25 pm
Interesting question. I haven't done binary u and m together a la Fig 15 so I haven't experienced this. When m=1, then u is missing so it's a funny 2x2.
I wonder if there is a way to introduce a random effect (factor) that influences both u and m. This contemporaneous residual correlation would seem to be potentially common for two-part modeling. Simplest would be one factor with different loadings for the different time points, rather than a factor for each time point.
Jon Heron
posted on Friday, May 07, 2010 - 12:10 am
Thanks Bengt,
I had been thinking multiple factors but that seemed like potentially a lot in integration + i've had limited success with those models (e.g. ex7.16 guide v5) so far.
Incidentally, the Latent Gold solution is to allow a direct effect between the two offending variables. This is clearly less sophisticated (I know that cos it runs really quickly!!) but I haven't gotten to the bottom of exactly what this does and whether it's desireable. I suspect not.
all the best, Jon
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, May 07, 2010 - 8:57 am
Yes, modeling a direct effect between categorical outcomes is on our to-do list. And related to your recent SEMNET post, we also have on our list to simplify the specification of models with more than one categorical latent variable, using probability statements instead of logit statements. This will also simplify LTA and mover-stayer LTA.
Jon Heron
posted on Monday, May 10, 2010 - 12:41 am
I really ought to be content with the billion and one things that Mplus *can* do!
Jon Heron
posted on Thursday, May 13, 2010 - 3:40 am
me again!
I'm struggling with what seems to me to be a very basic pattern mixture model.
Three 4-level categorical variables of smoking frequency
4-class mixture
C regressed on the 6 dummy variables which represent the 7 missingness patterns.
7,300 cases, with complete data on 3,000.
I guess this is a simplification of Roy's model, but also similar to Hedeker's model from the substance-use textbook where Bengt also has a couple of chapters.
I have fitted this model in Latent Gold with no apparent problems - here I am able to use a 7-level nominal covariate rather than 6 dummies. In Mplus I get a very similar likelihood but either one or two logit parameters fixed. I've taken this up to 2 million random starts to no avail.
My reason for favouring Mplus - I'm preaching to the choir here! - is that it will give me odds ratios for class membership across the missing data patterns whereas LG only gives the proportions in each class. Of course I can use these proportions to get approximate OR's and this shows me that a couple are pretty large (approx 20) but I wonder whether LG is avoiding an awkward estimation step by not computing OR's directly.
I should say that after this initial step I plan to collapse down to a smaller number of missing-data patterns, but it'd be really nice if I could get these OR's before I do.
bw, Jon
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Thursday, May 13, 2010 - 8:08 am
You get OR's from Mplus even though the two logits are fixed, right, or do you get infinity? Is your question why LG doesn't fix parameters while Mplus does - if so, perhaps the programs have different convergence criteria; you can check which has the higher LL.
Jon Heron
posted on Thursday, May 13, 2010 - 8:21 am
It varies, I get a bunch of believable OR's and then either a couple of really big/small ones or a couple of infinities. It seems to depend on the ordering of the classes.
Mplus has a slightly higher LL: -7384.768 compared with LG's -7384.8631
I guess my question was: is Mplus having to fix parameters because it's doing an additional complex step, i.e. deriving the OR's. However, it sounds like you are saying that with the same convergence criteria I should run into the same issues with both packages.
Incidentally, with a 3 class model everything is happy and the OR's produced by Mplus agree pretty well with the approximate ones derived from LG's proportions.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Thursday, May 13, 2010 - 10:07 am
No Mplus doesn't fix logits because of computing ORs. The ORs are computed after the model has been estimated, using the parameter estimates. Mplus fixes logits when it is clear that they are going to infinity corresponding to probabilities of either zero or one. So it is a convergence matter - Mplus is pretty strict.
Jon Heron
posted on Thursday, May 13, 2010 - 10:20 am
So the bottom line is, if I persevere with my model in both packages, I will eventually have two problems and not just one
Jon Heron
posted on Saturday, May 15, 2010 - 12:26 am
Sorry to drag this out, but it had occurred to me that all may not be lost. I had assumed that fixed logits meant game over, but this might just be telling me that I need to constrain a parameter myself.
For instance, it seems quite reasonable that I might want to predict adolescent smoking behaviour from maternal smoking and it also seems likely that non-smoking mothers might be unlikely to give rise to many early-onset heavy-smoking children. Constraining a parameter to zero in this instance sounds sensible and might be the only way to get a model to run without errors.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Monday, May 17, 2010 - 9:57 am
I don't see fixed logits as a problem. They make the interpretation easy in that they correspond to probabilities of 0 and 1. You can constrain the logit yourself to get these 0's or 1's, but Mplus does it for you.
The only issue is that some ORs can't be computed, but that can be explained in the writing.
For similar issues, see the 2008 Drug and Alcohol Dependence article:
Developmental epidemiological courses leading to antisocial personality
disorder and violent and criminal behavior: Effects by young adulthood
of a universal preventive intervention in first- and second-grade classrooms,
by Hanno Petras, Sheppard G. Kellam. Hendricks Brown, Bengt O. Muth´en ,
Nicholas S. Ialongo , Jeanne M. Poduska
Jon Heron
posted on Tuesday, May 18, 2010 - 1:29 am
thanks Bengt, I'll leave you in peace now
Aurelie Lange
posted on Friday, May 13, 2016 - 4:01 am
Dear Dr Muthén,
I have longitudinal data, and I am not quite sure whether I can assume MAR. I wouldn't be surprised if people scoring higher on the variables of interest are more likely to drop out.
To test whether it is 'safe' to assume MAR, I was adviced to do a sensitivity analysis by increasing the imputed values with x, and then do the analyses again. If the results would not differ much from the results obtained with the originally imputed values, I could assume MAR.
I know you can change values using the DEFINE command, however, I am not quite sure how I would go about doing this for only the imputed values. The observed values for those variables should remain as they were.
Thanks for your advice!
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, May 13, 2016 - 2:12 pm
Not sure about that approach. Another direction is shown in the paper on our website:
Muthén, B., Asparouhov, T., Hunter, A. & Leuchter, A. (2011). Growth modeling with non-ignorable dropout: Alternative analyses of the STAR*D antidepressant trial. Psychological Methods, 16, 17-33. Click here to view Mplus outputs used in this paper.
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James Harrison acknowledged on "NFL Total Access" two months ago that he wants to rejoin the Pittsburgh Steelers for the 2014 season.
He's not the only one hoping for a return to the Steel City.
Cornerback Ike Taylor said Tuesday on his weekly TribLive Radio show that Santonio Holmes and Harrison have expressed a desire to come back to the Steelers.
"It's for sure the both of them want to come back. I've talked to both of them," Taylor said, adding that he's worked out with the two free agents in Orlando this offseason.
It's been six years since Harrison and Holmes made the two biggest plays in Super Bowl XLIII.
Holmes was promptly shipped to the Jets for a paltry fifth-round draft pick due to a litany of off-the-field issues. His reputation took an even bigger blow during a disappointing, injury-plagued stint in New York.
For those reasons, it's hard to imagine the Steelers being amenable to a reunion.
Harrison is in the proverbial best shape of his life and "looks like the Hulk," per Taylor. The roadblock to his return is a youth movement in which 2013 first-round pick Jarvis Jones is fully expected to join the starting lineup, bookending Jason Worilds.
As much as Holmes and Harrison want to return, the Steelers have moved on. It might take a training-camp injury for their phones to start ringing.
The latest "Around The League Podcast" breaks down all the big news and begins the search for the new Team of ATL.


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ISSUED: Final - 100907
I. Policy Statement. Wesleyan University, its trustees, officers, faculty, staff, employees and agents (collectively "Individuals") have an obligation to conduct all University related affairs in accordance with the highest ethical standards, in accordance with applicable statutes and regulation and in accordance with the standards set forth in this policy with respect to conflict of interest.
II. Policy Elements.
a. No Conflict of Interest. Individuals must not allow a personal, Affiliate or non-University interest to interfere or appear to interfere with their Wesleyan responsibilities or duties. Any situation which might give rise to such a conflict should be disclosed in accordance with this Policy. While it is not possible to provide a fully comprehensive list of conflicts, some examples are provided in Schedule A.
b. No Compensation Except as Employee. No Individual or Affiliate of an Individual may serve in a paid role with the University (e.g. consultant, vendor, etc.) except in his or her capacity as a University employee or as otherwise approved pursuant to this Policy.
c. Wesleyan Commitment. Individuals owe a duty of loyalty and trust to the University and shall be alert to the possibility that non-University obligations and ventures might affect the Individual's commitment to Wesleyan. Any involvement by an Individual in personal business ventures shall be conducted outside the University work environment during times which the Individual is not required or expected to perform duties or responsibilities related to his or her University employment.
d. Disclosure. Each Individual is required to discuss with his or her supervisor (or, in the case of a Trustee, the Board of Trustees) any situation or activity that is or might be considered a conflict of interest under this Policy before participating in that situation or activity and refrain from participating in that situation or activity unless and until expressly allowed to do so by their supervisor or the Board of Trustees as applicable.
Any supervisor receiving notice of a potential conflict of interest shall determine whether the situation presents a potential conflict of interest under this policy and document their determination in writing. Unless the supervisor is able to clearly determine that no such conflict exists or in the case that the Individual disagrees with the supervisor's decision, the supervisor shall require the Individual to disclose the situation in writing and the supervisor and/or Individual shall forward that description to an appropriate Vice President or Senior Officer of the University. The supervisor shall not permit any Individual to participate in the questionable activity unless and until a Vice President or Senior Officer of the University has reviewed the activity and confirmed in writing that the activity may continue and/or that there are relevant safeguards in place to protect the University. Any Individual who disagrees with a conflict-related decision of any Vice President or Senior Officer may seek review by the President of the University whose decision shall be final.
e. "Affiliate" means:
i. An organization of which the Individual is an officer, director, trustee, owner, employee, etc. which competes with the University or from which the Individual would benefit if such organization were involved in a contractual relationship with the University;
ii. An organization in which the Individual owns more than 5% ;
iii. An organization with which the Individual has any other dealings from which he/she benefits; or
iv. Any family member of the Individual
f. Annual Confirmation. On an annual basis, the University shall distribute and require Individuals to complete a statement a) confirming that they have read and understood this Policy and b) that they have no knowledge of any conflict of interest except for those appropriately disclosed under this Policy.
Schedule A
Examples of Potential Conflicts of Interest
1. Accepting cash gifts of any amount from any person or entity doing business or attempting to do business with the University;
2. Accepting non-cash gifts of any type, including services or entertainment, at no cost or discounted cost from any person doing business with the University, particularly in situations where a person might infer that the intention of such gift was to influence an Individual's actions in their University capacity. The acceptance of an occasional and not extravagant lunch or dinner is not prohibited, nor is the receipt of an occasional holiday or other gift with a value not to exceed $100.00;
3. Any violation of the Connecticut Financial Aid Code of Conduct Dated July 30, 2007 (the "Code") (neither the President nor any Vice President, Senior Officer or Supervisor shall have any discretion with respect to violations or conflicts set forth in the Code);
4. Doing business with the University through an Affiliate;
5. Using a University position to gain private benefit;
6. Accepting an outside position that would impair the Individual's ability to fulfill his or her obligations to the University;
7. Undertaking or orientation of University research or disclosure or use of University business information to serve Individual, personal or other entity needs;
8. Personal indebtedness to the University or its Affiliates; or
9. Negotiating or entering into a business relationship relating to the University in which a party is giving or receiving a benefit which would be relevant to members of the University community.*
* This example is the most difficult to describe. A problem is most likely to arise where a University service is negotiated and an element of the transaction is a) not disclosed to and b) would be relevant to end users of the service (e.g. students and favored financial aid providers).


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CHICAGO — A recent lawsuit has highlighted a growing club practice during the recession of charging a one-time fee to members as a way to increase revenue without increasing dues.
Last month, two members of Fitness Formula Clubs (FFC), Chicago, filed a lawsuit against the company and owner Gale Landers after they were charged $60 in January on top of their monthly dues. The club notified members about the charge in a letter in December.
Landers would not comment on specifics of the case because it is in litigation, but he says, "We don't believe there was any wrongdoing, and at the end of the day, we believe we will be vindicated."
Rick Caro, president of Management Vision, New York, says more clubs are adding a one-time charge often called an enhancement fee, using the revenue for facility improvements.
The charge often can be less than what members would have paid had the club increased monthly dues, and the club often tells them how the money will be spent, Caro says. By doing the charge instead of increasing fees, clubs may find it hard to increase dues in future years, he adds.
Retrofitness, Colts Neck, NJ, began issuing an annual fee of $15 last year, says Eric Casaburi, CEO and founder. The added charge, which goes toward upkeep and maintenance of the club, is disclosed at the point of sale, Casaburi says.
"You certainly need to disclose it in your membership agreement," he says. "You need to let your staff know as well."
Planet Fitness, Newington, NH, applies an annual membership fee of $29 on $10 monthly memberships and $39 on $19.99 monthly memberships.
Whether more clubs will face lawsuits related to this charge remains to be seen, but Caro says it's not a legal issue.
"In a practical way, this isn't an outrageous act," Caro says. "This is generally a challenge of communication, not legality."