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Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2008, Featuring Cancers Associated with Excess Weight and Lack of Sufficient Physical Activity: Questions and Answers
- Posted: March 28, 2012
Key Points
- Overall cancer death rates have continued to decrease since the early 1990s among men, women, and children. Death rates decreased on average 1.6 percent per year between 2004 and 2008. (Question 8)
- Between 2004 through 2008 incidence rates for all cancers combined decreased 3.0 percent among men and stabilized among women. (Question 5)
- Excess weight and lack of sufficient physical activity are important, avoidable causes of cancer in the United States and other industrialized nations. (Question 12)
What is the purpose of this report and who created it?
This report provides a regular update of cancer incidence (new cases) and mortality (death) rates and trends in these rates in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute (part of the National Institutes of Health), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries have collaborated since 1998 to create the Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer.
The special section of this year's report highlights increased cancer risk associated with excess weight and lack of sufficient physical activity and emphasizes the importance of promoting healthy weight and sufficient physical activity in reducing the cancer burden in the United States.
What are the sources of the data?
Cancer mortality information in the United States is based on causes of death reported by physicians on death certificates and filed by each state's vital statistics offices. The mortality information is processed and consolidated in a national database by the CDC through the National Vital Statistics System, which covers the entire United States.
Information on newly diagnosed cancer cases occurring in the U.S. is based on data collected by registries in the CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. NAACCR evaluates data annually from registries in both programs and provides combined data for this analysis.
Long-term (1992 through 2008) trends for all races for all cancer sites combined and for the 15 most common cancers were based on SEER incidence data covering about 14 percent of the U.S. population. Data from combined NPCR and SEER population-based cancer registries were used to estimate cancer incidence rates and short-term (1999 through 2008) trends for each of five major racial and ethnic groups: white, black, Asian and Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Hispanic. For the time period 2004-2008, 48 registries (covering 96 percent of the U.S. population) met NAACCR data quality criteria and for the time period 1999-2008, 41 registries (covering 86 percent of the U.S. population) met these criteria.
Which reporting periods were chosen as a main focus of the report?
The period from 2004 through 2008 was used for describing the U.S. burden of cancer (rates), and the period from 1999 through 2008 was used for describing trends in cancer incidence and death rates among the country's five major racial and ethnic groups. The period from 1975 through 2008 was chosen to represent the best perspective on long-term trends in cancer death rates among all races combined, while the period from 1992 through 2008 was chosen to represent the best perspective on long-term incidence trends.
What is detailed in the Special Feature of this year's report?
In this year's Special Feature, the authors highlight the effects of excess weight and lack of sufficient physical activity on cancer risk. Several cancers, including esophageal adenocarcinoma and cancers of the colon and rectum, kidney, pancreas, endometrium, as well as breast cancer among postmenopausal women, are associated with being overweight or obese; several of these cancers also are associated with not being sufficiently physically active.
Update on Incidence and Mortality Trends for All Cancer Sites Combined and the Top 15 Cancers
What is happening with cancer incidence trends overall?
From 2004 through 2008 incidence rates for all cancers combined declined 0.6 percent per year among men. Among women, cancer incidence rates declined 0.5 percent per year from 1998 to 2006 with rates leveling off from 2006 to 2008 (see table 1 of the manuscript).
Declines in cancer mortality rates are always good news; the same is not always true for incidence rates. Declines in cancer incidence rates may occur as a result of decreased modifiable risk factors or, for example, increased use of colorectal and cervical cancer screening tests that prevent cancer by removing precancerous growths. Alternatively, the incidence of some cancers could appear to decrease over time if screening rates fall and, thus, cancers are not detected and/or they are found at an advanced stage.
What is happening with long-term incidence trends for the top 15 cancers?
Among men, incidence rates for 5 of the 17 most common cancers – prostate, lung and bronchus colon and rectum (colorectal), stomach, and larynx – decreased between 1999 through 2008. In contrast, rates among men increased from 1999 through 2008 for 7 cancers: kidney and renal pelvis, pancreas, liver and intrahepatic bile duct, thyroid, melanoma of the skin, leukemia, and myeloma.
Among women, incidence rates decreased from 1999 through 2008 for 6 of the 18 most common cancers: lung, colorectal, urinary bladder (bladder), cervix uteri (cervix), oral cavity and pharynx (oral cavity) and stomach. Incidence rates among women increased from 1999 through 2008 for 6 cancers: thyroid, melanoma of the skin, kidney and renal pelvis, pancreas, leukemia, and liver.
What is happening with incidence trends for breast cancer?
Breast cancer incidence rates, which increased 1.3 percent per year from 1992 through 1999, declined 2.0 percent per year from 1999 through 2005 and leveled off from 2005 through 2008. The factors that influence breast cancer incidence are complex, including changes in reproductive status, obesity, the prevalence of mammography screening, and others. Recent reports suggest that the decrease in breast cancer incidence may be related to the rapid discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy, a known risk factor for breast cancer, and also because of a plateau in mammography screening prevalence.
What is happening with cancer mortality trends overall?
Among men and women, overall cancer death rates have continued to decrease since the early 1990s and declined an average of 1.6 percent per year between 2004 and 2008. For 2004 through 2008, this decline was slightly more pronounced among men (1.7 percent per year) than among women (1.5 percent per year). For children ages 19 years or younger, cancer death rates have declined since the 1970s. Death rates are the best indicator of progress against cancer.
What is happening with death rates for the top 15 cancers among men and women?
Among men, death rates decreased from 1999 through 2008 for 11 of the 17 most common cancers including lung, colon and rectum, prostate, larynx, kidney, brain, stomach, oral cavity, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and myeloma. Death rates among men increased during this time period for pancreatic and liver cancers and melanoma of the skin.
Among women, death rates decreased from 1999 through 2008 for 14 of the 18 most common cancers including lung, breast, colon and rectum, ovary, kidney, brain, stomach, oral cavity, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloma, urinary bladder, esophagus and gallbladder. Death rates among women increased during this time period for cancers of the pancreas and corpus uterus (uterine). After decades of decline, cervical cancer death rates showed little change in the most recent period.
If cancer death rates continue to fall, does that mean the number of people dying from cancer will also continue to fall?
Not necessarily. The data described in the report are rates (number of deaths per 100,000 persons in the United States) and are adjusted for age, so they are comparable across various factors, such as race, time, and region. The actual number of people dying from cancer (sometimes called the count) can be influenced by several factors, including the growth in the number of older people in the United States (cancer is primarily a disease of aging) and the increase in size of the population.
Therefore, while the cancer death rate may go down in a given year, the actual number of cancer deaths could go up because the number of older Americans is increasing and the size of the population overall is increasing.
What is happening with childhood cancer rates?
Cancer incidence rates increased 0.6 percent each year from 1992 through 2008 among children ages 19 years or younger. However, considerable progress has been seen for many types of childhood cancers, resulting in overall declines in death rates for cancer among children since at least 1975. Death rates declined 2.7 percent per year between 1975 and 1996 and declined 1.3 percent per year between 1996 and 2008.
Cancers associated with excess weight and lack of sufficient physical activity
What is the importance of excess weight and lack of sufficient physical activity to cancer?
Excess weight and lack of sufficient physical activity are avoidable (can be modified) causes of cancer in the United States. The International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded that one-quarter to one-third of common cancers in the United States and other industrialized nations were caused by the joint effects of excess weight and lack of sufficient physical activity. For people who do not smoke, maintaining a healthy weight and getting sufficient physical activity may be among the most important ways to prevent cancer.
What cancers are associated with excess weight and lack of sufficient physical activity?
An extensive literature review of more than 7,000 studies on the relationship between nutrition, physical activity, and excess weight on cancer risk concluded there is convincing evidence of an association between excess weight and increased risk for several cancers. They are:
- Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus
- Colon and rectum cancer
- Kidney cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
- Post-menopausal female breast cancer
- Corpus uterus (uterine) cancer
There also is some evidence that excess weight is probably associated with other cancers including thyroid, liver, gallbladder, and hematopoietic (e.g., leukemia and myeloma) cancers.
This review also concluded that the evidence of an association between lack of sufficient physical activity and increased risk of cancer is considered convincing for colon cancer and probable for post-menopausal breast and endometrial cancers.
What is known about the relationship between obesity and breast cancer?
The relationship between obesity and breast cancer may be affected by the stage of life in which a woman gains weight and becomes overweight or obese. Some studies indicate that overweight and obesity are associated with a reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer. In contrast, after menopause, when the risk of developing breast cancer is higher than before menopause, gaining weight or being overweight or obese is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. While many risk factors for breast cancer are out of a women's control, maintaining a healthy weight throughout life and getting sufficient physical activity may help women protect themselves against developing breast cancer.
What is happening with incidence rates for cancers associated with excess weight and lack of sufficient physical activity?
- Colorectal cancer incidence rates decreased from 1999 through 2008, partially due to significant improvements in adherence in the use of colorectal cancer screening, which can prevent cancer development through removal of precancerous adenomatous polyps.
- Rates of postmenopausal breast cancer stabilized from 2005 through 2008 after declining from 1999 through 2005, mostly due to the rapid discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy, a known risk factor for breast cancer.
- Kidney cancer incidence increased from 1999 through 2008 by approximately 2.9 percent per year among men (accelerating to 4.1 percent from 2004 through 2008) and by 3.3 percent among women; increases are evident in all racial and ethnic groups.
- Pancreatic cancer incidence rates increased approximately 1.2 percent per year from 1999 through 2008 (accelerating slightly from 2004 to 2008) among men and women. This increase was confined to whites.
- For corpus uterus (uterine) cancer, a significant increase from 1999 through 2008 was observed among black, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Hispanic women; a non-significant increase was observed among white and American Indian/Alaska Native women.
- From 1992 through 2008 adenocarcinoma of the esophagus increased 2.6 percent per year among men and 3.3 percent per year among women; these increases were restricted to white and Hispanic men and white women.
- What are the recommendations for weight and physical activity for children and adults?
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that people prevent and/or reduce excess weight and obesity through improved eating and physical activity behaviors. Children ages 6 to 17 years should do at least 60 minutes of physical activity each day and adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity every week. To prevent cancer, the American Cancer Society recommends that individuals "be as lean as possible throughout life without being underweight" and that adults "engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity activity each week, or an equivalent combination."
- Why are there disparities in the prevalence of obesity rates throughout the nation?
Substantial differences exist in obesity prevalence across racial/ethnic groups. Some reasons for these differences include social and cultural factors coupled with environments that have limited opportunities for physical activity and an abundance of high-calorie foods. For example, neighborhoods with large minority populations tend to have fewer chain supermarkets and produce stores, often making it more difficult and costly for residents to obtain healthier foods. Also, breastfeeding, which is associated with reduced prevalence of childhood obesity, is more common among white women than black women. Further, data show that blacks and Mexican Americans are less likely to get regular leisure physical activity than whites. [Note: most data are on leisure time physical activity; blacks and Mexican Americans may be getting occupational activity]
Social and cultural factors concerning body weight may also play a role in racial/ethnic differences in obesity prevalence. It has been reported that black and Hispanic women are more satisfied with their body size, making it less likely that these groups will try to lose weight than white women. Additionally, cooking preparation methods can impact diet quality among regional and racial/ethnic groups.
There are also differences in obesity prevalence by household income level, according to a recent national nutrition and health survey report. Among non-Hispanic white boys, girls, and adult females, the prevalence of obesity decreased as income level increased; in other words, in these groups, low-income individuals had a higher prevalence of obesity than high-income individuals.
What is being done to address obesity disparities?
An increased emphasis on systems change and environmental strategies that support healthy eating and active living opportunities within communities may reduce these disparities. CDC supports programs that use environmental approaches to improve access to healthy foods in underserved communities, such as increased accessibility of supermarkets and convenience stores that carry healthier products; expanding programs that promote the delivery of regionally-grown farm produce to community institutions, WIC farmers' markets, and to individuals via green carts and mobile vans in inner city neighborhoods; and promotion of food policy councils that consider both food security and improvements of the food environment at the state and local levels. School and child care initiatives include support for healthier beverage and food offerings such as water and fruits and vegetables. Strategies to increase low- or no-cost physical activity opportunities in communities include providing trails and parks, shared-use agreements with public venues such as schools, and improvements to sidewalks. These strategies can potentially reduce disparities in obesity.
Additionally, nationwide efforts, including federally-supported state, tribal, and local prevention initiatives and the federal government's Let's Move campaign are helping to mobilize public and private resources and partnerships, which, in turn, provide guidance and funding to states and communities to encourage use of strategies to improve diet and physical activity.
While policy and environmental approaches can support individuals' decisions regarding healthy eating and physical activity, individual choices regarding what to eat and whether to exercise also play an important role in obesity prevention. For children in particular, parents must be aware of and take steps to promote healthy child feeding practices, family meals, modeling healthy eating and physical activity, ensuring access to healthy foods in the home, as well as reducing children's sedentary television and screen time while finding fun and inexpensive opportunities for physical activity in the home and neighborhood environment.
What is the economic burden attributed to excess weight and lack of sufficient physical activity?
The economic burden due to excess weight and lack of sufficient physical activity is substantial. According to recent data, per capita medical spending in the U.S. in 2008 for an obese individual was 42 percent higher ($1,429) per year compared with someone of normal weight, resulting in a national burden of $147 billion, or about 9.1 percent of all medical spending. In addition to medical costs, indirect costs of obesity include decreased years of disability-free life, increased mortality before retirement, earlier retirement, higher disability pensions, increased work absenteeism and reduced productivity.
What is the summary evidence linking obesity, physical inactivity, and cancer?
Evidence on the association between obesity and cancer has been building since the 1970s. Evidence on the association between physical activity and cancer has been accumulating in the last 20 years. Several analyses of these studies have been conducted by independent researchers.
In 2001, the World Cancer Research Fund, along with the American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR), commissioned 20 review panels to conduct systematic literature reviews on the association among food, nutrition, physical activity and the prevention of cancer (available for cancers of mouth, pharynx and larynx, nasopharynx, esophagus, lung, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, liver, colon and rectum, breast, ovary, endometrium, cervix, prostate, kidney and skin, as well as colorectal polyps). More than 7,000 studies were reviewed in the process. These findings were reported in the 2007 2nd Expert Report , the 2008 Policy Report, and the Continuous Update on Breast Cancer in 2010. WCRF/AICR concluded that there is convincing evidence of an association between excess weight and increased risk of several cancers, including adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, colon and rectum cancer, kidney cancer, pancreas cancer, post-menopausal female breast cancer, and endometrial cancer. WCRF/AICR also concluded that the evidence of an association between physical inactivity and increased risk of cancer is considered convincing (colon cancer) or probable (post-menopausal breast and endometrial cancers).
In 2002, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Working Group on the Evaluation of Cancer, Preventive Strategies published a comprehensive evaluation of the available scientific literature, including studies in people and animals, weight, physical activity, and cancer. IARC concluded that excess weight increases the risk of developing cancers of the colon, breast (in postmenopausal women), endometrium, kidney, and esophageal adenocarcinoma and that physical activity prevented colon and breast cancers.
How to Read This Report
- How are cancer incidence and death rates presented?
Cancer incidence rates and death rates are typically measured as the number of cases or deaths per 100,000 people per year and are age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. When a cancer affects only one sex—for example, prostate cancer—then the number is per 100,000 persons of that sex. The numbers are age-adjusted, which allows for comparison of rates from different populations with varying age composition over time and in different regions. It is noteworthy that breast cancer occurs in both men and women, although it occurs less frequently in men.
- What is annual percent change or APC?
The annual percent change (APC) is the average rate of change in a cancer rate per year in a given time frame (i.e., how fast or slowly a cancer rate has increased or decreased each year over a period of years). The APC was calculated for both incidence and death rates. The number is given as a percent, such as an approximate 1 percent per year decrease. The APC is calculated using joinpoint regression (see below for an explanation of joinpoints).
A negative APC describes a decreasing trend, and a positive APC describes an increasing trend. In this report, all trends mentioned in the text are statistically significant (P < .05) unless noted otherwise. For non-statistically significant trends, terms such as "stable," "non-significant increase," and "non-significant decrease" were used.
To find the total increase or decrease over the time period being examined, multiply the APC by the number of years in the time period. For example, if the APC for the time period 2004-2008 is -0.6 percent, then the total percent change for the 5 year period would be -3 percent.
What is average annual percent change or AAPC?
This year's report uses the average annual percent change (AAPC) as an addendum to the underlying joinpoint (see below for an explanation of joinpoints) annual percent change (APC) trends as a summary measure to compare fixed interval trends among racial and ethnic groups. The AAPC quantifies the average trend over a fixed period of multiple years.
Similar to the APC, a negative AAPC describes a decreasing trend, and a positive AAPC describes an increasing trend. In this report, all trends are statistically significant (P < .05) unless noted otherwise. For non-statistically significant trends, terms such as "stable," "non-significant increase," and "non-significant decrease" were used.
The APC and the AAPC are similar when trends are relatively stable over time. For most long-term trends in this report, the AAPCs for the most recent five years, 2004 through 2008, were similar to the APCs for the most recent time period. When trends fluctuate over time, the 10-year (1999-2008) AAPCs may differ from the most recent APCs, e.g., all sites combined for men and women, and cancers of the prostate and pancreas in men, and cancers of the breast, pancreas, and ovary, in women.
Long-term trends can obscure shorter term changes. Differences in the five-year and 10-year AAPCs typically identify types of cancer where the 10-year average trend may mask important recent changes. For example, in this report the trend for lung cancer deaths shows a more rapid decline when looking at the five-year AAPC than the 10-year AAPC.
Data Adjustments
Why were rates adjusted for delays in reporting incidence data to SEER?
The report presents analyses of long-term trends in cancer incidence rates with and without adjustment for reporting delays and more complete information. Adjusting for these delays and accumulating more complete and accurate information provides the basis for a potentially more definitive assessment of incidence rates and trends in the most recent years for which data are available. Cancer registries routinely take two to three years to compile their current cancer statistics. An additional one to two years may be required to have more complete incidence data on certain cancers, such as melanomas and leukemias when they are diagnosed in outpatient settings. Cancer registries continue to update incidence rates to include these cases. Consequently, the data initially reported for certain cancer incidence rates may be an underestimate. Long-term reporting patterns in NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries have been analyzed, and it is now possible to adjust incidence rates for all cancers combined and for site-specific cancers with a correction for expected reporting delays and more complete information. However, SEER registries do not cover the entire population, thus combined data from SEER and CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries are important for assessing the incidence of cancer in the U.S. Methodological research is in progress to adjust for reporting delays of pooled data.
What is joinpoint regression analysis and how does it account for the different time periods used for trends analysis in this report?
Joinpoint regression analysis is a statistical method that describes changing trends over successive segments of time and the amount of increase or decrease within each segment. This analysis involves fitting a series of joined straight lines to the age-adjusted rates and choosing the best-fitting point or points, called joinpoints, where the rate of increase or decrease changes significantly. Thus, each joinpoint denotes a statistically significant change in trend. The resulting line segment between joinpoints can be described by an annual percent change that is based on the slope of the line segment. Joinpoint analyses were performed for incidence and mortality trends.
What other data issues need to be considered?
This report uses population data from the U.S. Census Bureau to calculate incidence and death rates. Differences between the true population counts and postcensal population estimates may increase as time passes from the 2000 Census. These differences may result in incidence and death rates being either underestimated or overestimated.
Incidence data for 2005 through 2008 were affected by data sharing restrictions within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). VHA hospitals have traditionally been a critical source of data for cancer cases diagnosed among veterans served by those institutions. The new requirements restrict the submission of cancer cases to central cancer registries, however, resulting in incomplete reporting of VA hospital cases in some registries. VA cases account for at least 3 percent and possibly as much as 8 percent of all cancer cases diagnosed among men. Therefore, incidence rates for men may be underestimated. Since late 2008, VA facilities and states with central cancer registries have worked to establish data transfer agreements that may help cancer registries receive missing VA cases over time and provide a more complete estimate of national cancer incidence.
Where is this report published?
To view the full report in CANCER, please go to http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0142.
Reference: Eheman C, Henley SJ, Ballard-Barbash R, Jacobs EJ, Schymura MJ, Noone AM, Pan L, Anderson, RN, Fulton JE, Kohler BA, Jemal A, Ward E, Plescia M, Ries LAG, Edwards BK. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975–2008, Featuring Cancers Associated with Excess Weight and Lack of Sufficient Physical Activity. CANCER; Published Early Online: March 28, 2012.
Where can I find out more about the report?
For a press release on this report, go to http://www.cancer.gov/news-events/press-releases/2012/ReportNationRelease2012.
For Spanish translations of this press release and Q&A, go to http://www.cancer.gov/espanol/noticias/comunicados-de-prensa/2012/reportnationrelease2012spanish.
CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer ; National Program of Cancer Registries: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/npcr; National Vital Statistics System: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss.htm
NCI: http://www.cancer.gov and the SEER Homepage: http://www.seer.cancer.gov
NAACCR: http://www.naaccr.org


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We had an astromech droid and robots.
We had cupcakes and Quadcopters.
We had things in motion… Cecil the SeeSaw and Nick on his home made powered skateboard.
We had music from Jason with his Cigar Box Guitars and the sounds of 3D printers.
DAT Space ran a Learn to Solder Booth.
What a Great Day!
Someone pointed out this video to us on YouTube!
Thanks to everyone that came out and helped out. It was fantastic!
[Hey Bill Hsu, thanks for taking these pictures!]

subset: commoncrawl


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One-third of the annual Cotton Incorporated budget is dedicated to agricultural research with funds earmarked to help farmers produce more, higher quality cotton more efficiently. The other two-thirds, said Cotton Incorporated President and CEO Berrye Worsham, helps farmers find profitable markets for their product.
Cotton breeders from across the Sunbelt, beneficiaries of some of the Cotton Incorporated research dollars, had a chance recently to hear about and see some of the research efforts under way at the Cotton Incorporated headquarters in Cary, N.C.
"Our first order of business includes improving fiber length, strength, and micronaire, along with emphasizing color and reduced trash," said Roy Cantrell, Cotton Incorporated Vice President for Agricultural Research.
Cantrell spoke during the 2006 Cotton Breeders' Tour, a trek breeders make every other year to one of four production regions across the Cotton Belt. The group evaluates public and private breeding programs and exchanges information and insights.
Cantrell said Cotton Incorporated efforts currently focus on quality. "We want to add value to raw fiber," he said. "Consequently, variety improvement takes a significant portion of the 2006 research budget.
He said a second order of business includes studies of length distribution, short fiber content, fineness, maturity, and stickiness.
"We also will look at spinning performance and see how research affects it," he said. As many as 350 projects are on tap for the 2006 season.
The cotton industry must improve quality to meet market demands, he said.
Other studies will include heat tolerance and production efficiency. "We continue to look at integrated pest management, crop termination programs, plant growth regulators and computer models such as COTMAN," he said.
Researchers across the Cotton Belt also will look at "high zone syndrome," a problem in many cotton fields where growth is not uniform, due mostly to variable field conditions. Studies show that yields vary significantly in high vigor zones. "The tendency is to target low-yield areas in the field," Cantrell said. "Unfortunately, yield potential is not there. We want to focus on mid-to-high zones and determine the benefits we can get from precision agriculture."
Cantrell said sticky cotton continues to be an important issue and may be more so with a new whitefly biotype that appears resistant to insect growth regulators. "It may take three years to develop a management plan for this pest," he said. "It could be a serious threat."
Cantrell said research into production economics will look at risk management, systems analyses, and record keeping for management.
"Much of our research comes from the demands of the export market," Cantrell said.
Other studies will look at cotton seed feed efficiency and aflatoxin.
Cotton Incorporated also continues its mission to expand cotton use.
"We want to understand all we can about cotton demand and pricing," said Mark Messura, vice-president, strategic planning.
"We're looking at effects of the WTO and China, the largest producer and the largest consumer of cotton. We don't think China will produce all they need. Historically, China has purchased about half of its needs from the United States."
Messura said Cotton Incorporated also tracks fiber performance at the retail level. "The women's and girls' market is the biggest target for increased share," he said. "In the United States, that segment is 50 percent cotton versus 75 percent for men and boys."
"We have an initiative to increase cotton's share of the women's and girls' market," said Worsham. Females from 18 to 34 years old represent a key market target. "We also want to enhance cotton's fashion presence in the market."
Messura said apparel prices in the United States have declined. "It's been a robust decline created by a shift to mass merchants, like Wal-Mart. Also, we see a 'wait for a sale' mentality among consumers."
Low-cost importers also play a role in falling apparel prices, he said.
Worsham said another facet of the Cotton Incorporated mission is to add value to the product by "providing technology and information to mills. We also want to heighten consumer awareness of cotton and assure a positive association with cotton fabrics. We work to increase industry's awareness of consumer demand."
Worsham said Cotton Incorporated helps create a better product then provides better information to the consumer about that product.
Messura said, even though exports now account for some 70 percent of U.S. cotton sales, foreign competitors are not the main challenge to cotton. Synthetic fibers are.
A new Cotton Incorporated initiative strives to increase awareness of cotton's advantage and create more demand internationally. He said as countries improve their economies, a growing middle class wants to replace synthetic fabrics with cotton.
The rising cost of oil may level the playing field, he said. "We expect oil prices to continue to climb," he said. "That increase may create an opportunity for cotton prices to rise as synthetics (oil based) go up. The flip side is that a higher energy price adds to production costs for farmers."
"Implementing new technology and increasing demand for cotton adds value to the entire industry," said Don Bailey, vice-president, textile research and implementation. Cotton Incorporated initiatives will include training at the retail level to demonstrate the advantages of cotton, he said. "We help mills find ways to reduce costs and maintain or improve quality." Charles Chewning, vice-president, fiber management research, said a key CI goal is to increase demand through use of USDA high volume instrumentation (HVI) data. Better classing data, he said, improves mill efficiency and helps them "select the most cost effective cotton."
Worsham said the Cotton Incorporated budget has remained relatively flat since 2000, around $63 million.
"It will increase for 2006 because of increased production," he said.


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About this Quilt
Buttons and Bow Ties: FREE Fresh Modern Wall Hanging Quilt Pattern
This fresh modern Buttons and Bow Ties wall hanging is a remake of the first-ever McCall's Quilting cover quilt, from 1993.
Click here to download the FREE Buttons and Bow Ties wall quilt pattern. (Problems downloading our PDF? Check out our troubleshooting tips.)
Skill Level INTERMEDIATE
Finished Size 32˝ x 32˝
Featured Fabrics
Kathy used prints by Kaffe Fassett for Rowan Fabrics (a Westminster Fabrics lifestyle division) and Kona Cotton Solids to make this quilt.
Kit Offer
A kit of similar Kaffe Fassett and Kona Solids fabrics for quilt top and binding is available while supplies last for $44.99 (MQK13025). Call 877-269-8024, or shop online at ShopMcCallsQuilting.com. Backing fabric is $14.99 (MQK13026).
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This quilt is featured on the Looking Back page in the March/April 2013 McCall's Quilting issue below. Print (while supplies last) or instant digital download available for purchase at QuiltandSewShop.com.
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text:
January 10, 2019 - 6:00 pm
Our weekly Modern format tournament, at The Comic Book Shoppe 2 on Bank Street in downtown Ottawa.
Entry fee is set at $5.00 including tax and prizes are store credit.
If you have any questions or concerns, please don't hesitate to call Bank street at 613-594-3042!


text:
Services on Demand
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South African Journal of Occupational Therapy
On-line version ISSN 2310-3833
Print version ISSN 0038-2337
S. Afr. j. occup. ther. vol.41 n.2 Pretoria 2011
An audit of attendance at occupational therapy by long-term psychiatric in-patients at Weskoppies Hospital
Christa KrügerI; Ronél van der WesthuizenII
IMBBCh, MMed(Psych), FCPsych(SA), MD. Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pretoria and Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria
IIBOT. Senior Occupational Therapist, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pretoria and Weskopies Hospital, Pretoria
OBJECTIVES: Although the value of occupational therapy (OT) in psychiatric rehabilitation is indisputable, little is known about the range of OT interventions attended by long-term in-patient populations. The aim of this study was to gather baseline information on which of the various OT interventions were attended the most frequently.
METHODS: This study presents an audit of OT offered to 264 long-term in-patients at Weskoppies Hospital over eight months. The inpatients' attendance at various OT interventions was used to identify their patterns and frequency of participation.
RESULTS: The most frequently attended OT interventions were (descending): Group OT in the OT department (high-functioning women); industrial therapy (men); woodwork-and-upholstery (men); group OT in the wards (low-functioning men); and clerical therapy (high-functioning patients). On the whole, attendance at OT was low.
CONCLUSIONS: The current OT profile favours high-functioning and male patients. Low-functioning-female patients are neglected. Future OT efforts should focus on low-functioning long-term in-patients, particularly low-functioning-female patients.
Key words: Occupational therapy, attendance at rehabilitation, long-term psychiatric in-patients
"Full text available only in PDF format"
1. Gahnstrom-Strandqvist K, Liukko A, Tham K. The meaning of the working cooperative for persons with long-term mental illness: a phenomenological study. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2003; 57(3): 262-72. [ Links ]
2. Le Granse M, Kinebanian A, Josephsson S. Promoting autonomy of the client with persistent mental illness: a challenge for occupational therapists from The Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. Occupational Therapy International, 2006; 13(3):142-59. [ Links ]
3. Kirsh B, Cockburn L, Gewurtz R. Best practice in occupational therapy: program characteristics that influence vocational outcomes for people with serious mental illnesses. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy - Revue Canadienne d'Ergotherapie, 2005; 72(5): 265-79. [ Links ]
4. Van Wel T, Felling A, Persoon J. The effect of psychiatric rehabilitation on the activity and participation level of clients with long-term psychiatric disabilities. Community Mental Health Journal, 2003; 39(6): 535-46. [ Links ]
5. Duurkoop P, Van Dyck R. From a 'state mental hospital' to new homes in the city: longitudinal research into the use of intramural facilities by long-stay care-dependent psychiatric clients in Amsterdam. Community Mental Health Journal, 2003; 39(1): 77-92. [ Links ]
6. Cardoso Buchain P, Vizzotto AD, Henna Neto J, Elkis H. Randomized controlled trial of occupational therapy in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2003; 25(1): 26-30. [ Links ]
7. Oka M, Otsuka K, Yokoyama N, Mintz J, Hoshino K, Niwa S, Liber-man RP An evaluation of a hybrid occupational therapy and supported employment program in Japan for persons with schizophrenia. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2004; 58(4): 466-75. [ Links ]
8. Wade DT. Challenging assumptions about rehabilitation. Clinical Rehabilitation, 2007; 21(12): 1059-62. [ Links ]
9. Ivarsson AB, Söderback I, Ternestedt BM. The meaning and form of occupational therapy as experienced by women with psychoses. A phenomenological study. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 2002; 16(1): 103-10. [ Links ]
10. South African Mental Health Care Act, No. 17 of 2002. Government Gazette, 6 November 2002; vol. 449, no. G24024. [ Links ]
11. Krüger C, Lewis C. Patient and social work factors related to successful placement of long term psychiatry inpatients from Weskoppies Hospital. African Journal of Psychiatry (in press, accepted 8 March 2010). [ Links ]
12. Haglund L, Hallberg IR, Pettersson M. Psychiatric occupational therapy service - quality assurance. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2004; 58(5): 403-7. [ Links ]
13. Holmqvist K, Kamwendo K, Ivarsson AB. Occupational therapists' descriptions of their work with persons suffering from cognitive impairment following acquired brain injury. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2009; 16(1): 13-24. [ Links ]
14. Giuffrida CG, Demery JA, Reyes LR, Lebowitz BK, Hanlon RE. Functional skill learning in men with traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2009; 63(4): 398-407. [ Links ]
15. Nott MT, Chapparo C, Heard R. Effective occupational therapy intervention with adults demonstrating agitation during post-traumatic amnesia. Brain Injury, 2008; 22(9): 669-83. [ Links ]
16. Dawson DR Gaya A, Hunt A, Levine B, Lemsky C, Polatajko HJ. Using the cognitive orientation to occupational performance (CO-OP) with adults with executive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy - Revue Canadienne d'Ergotherapie, 2009; 76(2): 115-27. [ Links ]
17. Lee SS, Powell NJ, Esdaile S. A functional model of cognitive rehabilitation in occupational therapy. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy - Revue Canadienne d Ergotherapie, 2001; 68(1): 41-50. [ Links ]
18. Hoffmann T, Bennett S, Koh CL, McKenna KT. Occupational therapy for cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2010; 9: CD006430. [ Links ]
19. Jang Y, Chern JS, Lin KC. Validity of the Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment in people with intellectual disabilities. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2009; 63(4): 414-22. [ Links ]
20. Gutman SA, Kerner R Zombek I, Dulek J, Ramsey CA. Supported education for adults with psychiatric disabilities: effectiveness of an occupational therapy program. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2009; 63(3): 245-54. [ Links ]
21. Cook S, Chambers E, Coleman JH. Occupational therapy for people with psychotic conditions in community settings: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 2009; 23(1): 40-52. [ Links ]
22. Gitlin LN, Winter L, Vause Earland T, Adel Herge E, Chernett NL, Piersol CV, Burke JP. The Tailored Activity Program to reduce behavioral symptoms in individuals with dementia: feasibility, acceptability, and replication potential. Gerontologist, 2009; 49(3): 428-39. [ Links ]
23. Case-Smith J, Arbesman M. Evidence-based review of interventions for autism used in or of relevance to occupational therapy. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2008; 62(4): 416-29. [ Links ]
24. Robert A, Gelinas I, Mazer B. Occupational therapists use of cognitive interventions for clients with Alzheimer's disease. Occupational Therapy International, 2010; 17(1): 10-9. [ Links ]
25. Krupa T, Fossey E, Anthony WA, Brown C, Pitts DB. Doing daily life: how occupational therapy can inform psychiatric rehabilitation practice. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 2009; 32(3): 155-61. [ Links ]
26. Ishikawa Y, Okamura H. Factors that impede the discharge of long-term schizophrenic inpatients. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2008; 15(4): 230-5. [ Links ]
27. Krüger C, Rosema D. Risk factors for violence among long-term psychiatric in-patients: A comparison between violent and nonviolent patients. African Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;13(5):366-375. [ Links ]
28. Krüger C. Physical health issues in long term psychiatry inpatients: an audit of nursing statistics and clinical files at Weskoppies Hospital. Oral presentation. 16th Biennial National Congress of the South African Society of Psychiatrists (SASOP), East London, 16 - 20 October 2010. [ Links ]
29. Pretorius J. A model of ontogenesis and the dynamics of occupational function and dysfunction. In: Crouch RB, Alers VM, editors. Occupational Therapy in Psychiatry and Mental Health, 3rd edn. Cape Town: Maskew Miller Longman, 1997: 46-75. [ Links ]
30. De Wit PA. Creative ability - a model for psychiatric occupational therapy. In: Crouch RB, Alers VM, editors. Occupational Therapy in Psychiatry and Mental Health, 3rd edn. Cape Town: Maskew Miller Longman, 1997: 3-45. [ Links ]
31. Crepeau EB. Activity analysis: A way of thinking about occupational performance. In: Neistadt ME, Crepeau EB, editors. Willard & Spackman's Occupational Therapy, 9th edn. Philadelphia: LippincottRaven Publishers, 1998: 135-147. [ Links ]
32. Dartnall E, Modiba P, Porteus K, Lee T. Is deinstitutionalisation appropriate? Discharge potential and service needs of psychiatric inpatients in KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Durban, South Africa: Health Systems Trust, 1999. [ Links ]
33. Taiwo H, Ladapo O, Aina OF, Lawal RA, Adebiyi OP Olomu SO, et al. Long stay patients in a psychiatric hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Psychiatry, 2008; 11(2): 128-32. [ Links ]
Christa Kruger


text:
Items where Author is "Faisal, S."
Group by: Item Type | No Grouping
Jump to: Article
Number of items: 2.
Faisal, S. and Shah, A. and Sheikh, A.U.H. (2001) Downlink channel estimation for IMT-DS. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2001 12th IEEE International Symposium on, 2.
Sheikh, A.U.H. and Faisal, S. and Shah, A. (2001) Uplink channel estimation for IMT-DS system. Vehicular Technology Conference, 2001. VTC 2001 Fall. IEEE VTS 54th, 4.


text:
Welcome to PokerForums.org
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Here you will find the latest information on poker scandals, cheating methods, and known poker cheaters and scammers, along with the usual online poker is rigged debate.
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text:
Tis the season to bring out the Holiday pajamas!
Here are some of my favorites for children of all ages
{newborn-12 months Pottery Barn Kids with personalization available}
{ pajama styles 2-4 are from Carters}
{these are Miss E's Christmas jammies}
It appears these pajamas are no longer available on line from Carters but are available thru amazon.
and my favorite jammies in general are from Hanna Anderson
You can never go wrong with these classic jammies
and the best part is.. all of these jammies range in prince from $8-28!!!


text:
Perfect! I like the banana boxes inside... classic.
Codename: Dead Bird (CDB) is a singleplayer total conversion for Crysis. CDB puts the player into the Iraq War and focuses on intense modern infantry combat in urban and desert environments. After Iraqi Terrorists assassinated the US President, his successor and western allies started a new Iraq offensive. But instead of giving up, the insurgent forces grew. They even gained control of a Russian fission bomb. To eliminate this new threat the CIA started Codename Dead Bird. A special task force commanded by the player now has to fight the terrorists and diffuse the bomb.
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.


text:
Description:IBM Intel Xeon L5640(2.26GHz/6-core/12MB/60W)Full Processor Option KitPart Number(s)IBM Part# 69Y5000
HP Processor Kits:
Manufacturer Part# 69Y5000
This is the full processor option kit. It includes the
Processor(s), Heat-Sink(s), Fan(s), Thermal paste
Overview:Introducing the Intel Xeon processor 5600 series, the next generation of intelligent server and workstation processors. Help your customers reduce operating costs and achieve rapid return on investment with the industry leading performance and energy-efficiency of the Intel Xeon processor 5600 series.


text:
Veryant has released an updated version of it isCOBOL Application Platform Suite for developing, deploying, and modernizing COBOL applications. isCOBOL 2010 gives developers the capability to continue programming in COBOL, and at the same time, modernize and deploy applications across multiple platforms in a Java framework.
This version of isCOBOL continues the option of using Eclipse as its IDE, letting developers perform code editing, as well as integrated and remote debugging with the ability to debug COBOL and Java together. The isCOBOL IDE now supports Eclipse Galileo, so developers taking advantage of updates in the latest version of Eclipse can develop isCOBOL programs in the same framework.
Developers can now use CSS styles for GUI controls to customize screens for targeted mobile devices and browsers. A "quick preview" capability was also added. Now, rich Internet application GUIs developed using isCOBOL Web Direct 2.0 can be viewed inside of the isCOBOL IDE with the click of a button, as done with standalone and thin-client GUIs. This enhances developer productivity and eliminates the need to install a separate Java Server, such as Apache Tomcat, to preview end-user environments.
isCOBOL Server can run as a Windows Service on Windows servers, so it can be installed as a service, started up automatically, and run in the background. This makes it easier to use a Windows server when deploying thin client GUIs with isCOBOL. General isCOBOL Server administration has also been improved. For example, server startup has been simplified and developers can use a single command to launch a thin client with the debugger.


text:
Get the Flash Playerto see this player.
|Blake Mason After Hours
Short review: The masters of British porn bring you a series of movies all linked by the fact that they are based on people's real-life experiences. This is a new and growing part of the main site, Blake Mason, and the quality of the movies, pics, boys and design is just as good as you find elsewhere on the site. You've got regular updates, loads of viewing choices, news and a forum. Perfect porn and value.
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text:
From time to time I am asked whether I teach private lessons. I usually just invite the person to join our class. After all, the monthly tuition is just $5 per month (the same as when I began training in Shorin-Ryu in the 1970s).
But if the person persists, I respectfully decline. I guess that I might consider giving private lessons if someone would make a big donation to the Hawaii Karate Museum, but otherwise, I have no interest.
But if I did give a private lesson, I wonder what I would teach? A student might expect to learn something advanced, particularly if they are paying a lot of money. They might want to learn Chinto or Kusanku or an advanced bo kata.
But I am pretty sure that I would decline. Instead, I would probably teach them how to relax, how to shift their weight, how to align their body, how to overload their weight in a direction in order to be able to move in that direction, how to step, how to shift/change their body alignment, and maybe if there is time, how to begin to use their koshi. That would probably take a few days just to begin.
I am sure that a person paying a lot of money would not want to learn such basic things. How could he tell his friends that he came all the way to Hawaii to learn to "step" or "relax." It would seem so trivial.
But the essence of Karate is in the basics. The more you break the movements down, the more the essence is revealed. Learning a kata such as Chinto, a student is dealing with complexity -- many advanced techniques. It may seem advanced, but really the "advanced" aspect of the kata is in the details, in the basics.
I like to think that all my students are receiving private lessons. I always try to teach what each student needs at his or her particular stage of learning. My class is very small, so there is a private feeling to it.
Would I teach someone Kusanku? Probably not. It is not my favorite kata.
I should add something that is very important. My two Shorin-Ryu Sensei have spent countless hours with me over the years (decades between them) -- and never accepted a penny (or yen) for their time or considerable effort. I was a very difficult student. It must have been very challenging for them. But they gave and give everything to me completely free of charge. I am just a student. They are real teachers.
How could I accept payment for private lessons when I have such fine and generous Sensei? It would be bachi.
It still would be OK is someone wants to make a gigantic donation to the Hawaii Karate Museum. We could name a wing after them! And they could always join our class.
Charles C. Goodin
Private Lessons
From time to time I am asked whether I teach private lessons. I usually just invite the person to join our class. After all, the monthly tuition is just $5 per month (the same as when I began training in Shorin-Ryu in the 1970s).
Posted by Charles C. Goodin on Tuesday, May 22, 2007


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text:
A workshop instead of a Keynote
Design for Eternity
Sustainable Typography
Technical Information for Sustainability
Seeing is Believing
The 3 big indicators of sustainable development
Visualizing Sustainable Development
Smart Meters
Campaigns for Behaviour Change
Narrative Information Design
Key theories on behavior change from psychology
Sustainable Design
project : ecodesigners
GeCo Card
Casestudy: Oy-Mittelberg
Green Steel
Can you change the world with graphic design?
A workshop instead of a Keynote
with Angela Morelli
The clarity and power of our message
depends on the ways we structure the information we want to communicate.
Through this engaging hands-on workshop
we will explore the ways
in which we can organize information,
we will realize
that each way we choose
can create
new information,
new understanding and
new stories.
If you participate, please follow this link and answer the questionaire, thank you.
>> Angela on Sustainability PDF
Design for Eternity
Peter Putz
Peter Putz examins convergences and contradictions between design and time using material taken from The Eternal Archives. He asks, is possible, usefull or even desireable at all for a connection to be made between design and sustainability. The Eternal Archives are the largest non-commercial and non-institutional image database in Austria with images that date from 1905, a meta data index, and comprehensive keywording. Regarding conception and collection, it is internationally oriented with an Austrian focus. They were started in 1980 by Peter Putz and can be understood as a forced encyclopaedia of contemporary identity and realities of life. The Eternal Archives can be regarded as an exemplary, contrapuntal project in a world that is, digitally speaking, almost completely mapped and documented.
The Eternal Archives ask questions such as: can subjective positions and personal perceptions come into existence and survive in a world which is a dense network of commercialized communication and data streams? This vast project detects seismographic fractures, interstitial spaces and faults and makes collecting, storing, and archiving in an era of data retention and continuous (data) surveillance a subject in its own right. It is an art project in the widest sense, concerned with perception and making things visible, a parallel universe to the digital (media) companies with their unremitting efforts to monetize the world.
Sustainable Typography
Martin Ashley
We need to radically re-think typography for text-rich business documents & publications. (not referring to books). Most designers assume people have time to read.In reality the following occurs:Observations:
we browse/forage (71%) then read (11%)
people have different time tolerances and requirements for detail. ie the same information is required to different levels of detailing dependent on the time the reader can allocate to it. (Senior directors will have less time than juniors).
People want choice as to whether they wish to view information on paper, i-phone, PowerPoint or via web/screen.
Most publications do not follow the cognitive principles of how we are wired to interpret visual signals.
Message-based Design & Message-based Writing (MBD/MBW) is a system Ithat addresses these 4 points and allows key messages to be understood prior to reading simply by scanning page with its embedded visual hooks to draw reader in. Thus it overcomes filter failure a phrase coined and first used by Clay Shirky at the Web 2.0 Expo.It collapses to a summary and exploits the way we are wired. Additionally it caters for up to 4 time tolerances of readers and morphs from paper to screen effortlessly.
>> Martin on Typography
Technical Information for Sustainability
Maria Eugenia Perez Lizarazo
By exploring the social dimension of information, the paper proposes a new view that could lead to empowerment of decision-makers in order to produce understanding of highly technical sustainability matters
>> Maria Eugenia on Technical Information
Seeing is Believing
Will Stahl-Tiimmins
Being seen as a sustainable business may provide economic, social and other important benefits. However, this requires careful communication with customers and other stakeholders. In a world of greenwash and superficial concessions to environmental responsibility, how can businesses show the real impact of their sustainability efforts, in a way that will be believed?
Research is underway at the European Centre for Environment and Human Health (ECEHH) in the UK, to explore the possible benefits of using information graphics to explain such data. While visual techniques are frequently used in business to show financial data or resource flows, they are currently under-used for showing environmental contributions. The research at ECEHH aims to assess the use of information graphics for effective communication around sustainable business practices, with a focus on the impacts of the environment on human health. This research aims to establish:
- What different businesses feel they need to communicate about sustainability
- To which stakeholders
- The advantages and disadvantages of graphical presentations for such communications
- How these presentations might be produced (through individual design or automated tools, for example)
Many businesses have a significant role to play in reducing carbon emissions, and limiting their use of important resources such as fossil fuels, energy and water. Data produced by the UKs Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) show that business is the third-largest producer of carbon emissions in their analyses (see attached diagram). Graphical information presentation may provide ways of making important, but intangible environmental commitments more visible. Giving relevant information in an accessible form means that stakeholders can access data for themselves. For customers, investors, employees, local communities and other stakeholders, seeing is believing.
>> Seeing is Beleiving PDF
The 3 big indicators of sustainable development
Daniela Pock
This presentation will give an insight into our SERI factory: We at the Sustainable Europe Research Institute in Vienna are currently developing a visual way of communicating scientific knowledge coming from our various projects on sustainability. This is a first-hand look into our daily work in progress.
>> Daniela and the Indicators
Martin Strele & Axel Steinberger
Idea: How much CO2 emission is permissible for each individual and our planet? How does my lifestyle affect CO2 emission? What kind of lifestyle is good for us? The new campaign "A good day has 100 points" is intended to make us aware of how our lifestyles, habits and food choices affect CO2 emissions and what the alternatives are.
Outcome: Each human being can afford to emit around 6.8 kg of CO2 each day through their actions and consumer choices, in order to keep our planet and our climate in balance. We convert this amount to 100 points. Each day, each person has 100 points at their disposal.
Our food and consumer choices, our lifestyles, where we live, our energy consumption and our mobility directly and indirectly produce CO2 which is emitted into the atmosphere. Currently in Europe we are living way beyond our means. Instead of 100 points we spend an average of 450 points per day. We are living beyond our means not just where CO2 emission is concerned. Consuming more does not make us happier; travelling faster and further reduces our quality of life and can make us ill and lonely.
The new campaign "A good day has 100 points" wants to pinpoint where we waste points in our lives and how we can replace those choices and habits with more acceptable and climate-compatible alternatives. This is being done without large funding, extensive adverstising or media presence.
>> Better days of Axel and Martin
Visualizing Sustainable Development
Barbara Hahn / Christine Zimmermann
Using the example of the measuring data of sustainable development in Switzerland the research project aimed to develop and evaluate alternative representation forms for complex indicator systems. The key research question from the perspective of knowledge visualization was: which representation forms are suitable for the operationalization, analysis, steering and knowledge transfer of highly complex indicator systems?
Based on the multilayered and vast data of the MONET indicator system with its 75 indicators a broad range and variety of different visual concepts was developed by systematically using different graphic means. A wide range of visual concepts was continuously discussed and evaluated together with the project partners who also provided the data (Swiss Federal Statistical Office and Federal Office for Spatial Development). It was always important to make the abstract data accessible and to communicate it with all its dimensions from the synopsis to the detailed information within one visual system. Therefore we didn´t fall back on already existing familiar representation models such as pie charts or bar graphs but rather developed new specific visual systems.
In a multistage process three out of eight visual concepts were finally selected (rhomb, typography and circle) and the data of the MONET indicator system was visualized by means of these three visualization systems. On the base of interviews with experts from four different possible application areas respectively target audiences (policy, administration, education and public relation/media) the three visual concepts were finally evaluated and compared regarding legibility, comprehensibility and acceptability.
>> Barbara and Christine on Visualization
Smart Meters
Jan- Christoph Zoels
Smart meters must help people to translate energy information into behavioural change. Experientia is creating a framework for advanced smart meter design, which aggregates real-time energy consumption information, billing, savings tips, and social networking, in a people-centred device that encourages behavioural change. Smart meters should offer the ability to: check personal energy consumption information (raising awareness and understanding of real-time consumption); compare personal consumption with peers, goals, patterns and trends, and comparisons between similar offerings; and act to control consumption, through interactions offering personalised real-time tips, the ability to program and modify household settings and so on.
>> Smart Meters PDF
Campaigns for Behaviour Change
Jennifer Shirey
"Creating Campaigns that Encourage Behavior Change for Environmental Issues: a Designers Roadmap"
Many designers today are creating educational campaigns and communication materials that encourage individuals to act in more environmentally responsible ways. The problem is that there is currently a lack of guidelines to which designers can refer when creating these campaigns. In addition, communication designers are often unaware of relevant research in other disciplines. For example, over the past several decades psychologists have studied best practices for creating communications about environmental issues and have built a substantial body of knowledge. Connecting designers to this type of existing research will enable them to create more effective campaigns.
During my yearlong masters thesis project, I created a designers roadmap: a resource to use when creating communication materials for environmental issues. The roadmap is a book that compiles research from my own studies and from existing literature in other fields, such as environmental psychology, decision sciences, and persuasive technology. It includes observations and practical tips people can put into practice throughout the design process, as well as a set of ethical principles that should be followed when designing for behavior change.
I believe that my work will help designers use communication to empower individuals with knowledge, encouraging them to begin and sustain a journey toward positive behavior change.
>> Jennifer on Behaviour Change PDF
Narrative Information Design
Arlene Birt
As a visual storyteller, artist and design educator, I am fascinated by the idea that we are endlessly tied to the world through the things we consume. Small, seemingly inconsequential actions populate our every-day, and yet the intricate life stories of these interactions are hidden from the eyes of their present consumer. By bringing attention to details of the background narratives of objects and ideas, my intent is to inspire consumers to understand how their everyday choices impact global environment and society.
As adjunct faculty at the Minneapolis College of Art and Design sustainability program, I also work with students to develop ways to visualize sustainability concentrating on the technical Life Cycle Analysis (LCA).
In this presentation, I will present research and techniques for communicating sustainability; demonstrating how a visually-compelling story can present complex sustainability data in an approachable, layered format that can act as a tool for consumer education.
Key theories on behavior change from psychology
Karen Stanbridge
will give an overview of some of the key theories of behaviour change from psychology that are relevant to promoting sustainable behaviours. Use of these theories can lead to provision of information interventions intended to encourage people to change their behaviour. The paper will outline ways that might achieve behaviour change suggested by these theories and ask what contribution could Information Design make to increase the effectiveness of this information.
Discussion will include the Stages of Change Model by Prochaska and Diclemente, (1982) which details a number of different phases that people go through when trying to change their behaviour. This includes (among others) not thinking about change (precontemplation); preparation for change; and maintenance of the new behaviour. People at different stages require different types of information to support their change in behaviour, including awareness raising, detail of how to change, and rewards and encouragement to continue. What ways can these different types of information be presented to more effectively achieve their goals?
Other theories for discussion will include the theory of Planned Behaviour (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1980), and Social Dilemmas. All these theories suggest that the more people believe their actions have an impact, the more likely they are to change their behaviour, therefore a final area for discussion will be the potential for information design to help the public to understand the often complex environmental problems, and the impacts that their behaviour as an individual can have.
>> Karen and Psychology PDF
Sustainable Design
Michael Hardt
Sustainability what?
We are living in a time of well sounding empty word bubbles. In their attempt to make the normal look special, the advertisement industry exaggerates in inventing new or misusing meaningful terms and often crosses the line between truth and lie. The on-‐off switch on a coffee machine mutates into the manual power supply device, a shop becomes a mega store and a stylish product is declared as design innovation. This bad habit of violating the language spreads like a disease and the term sustainability became one of the latest victims.
What for heavens sake is sustainable design?
What is sustainability, what is design?
Are we talking about designed sustainability or design being sustainable? I want to try to find an answer. Let us start with the term sustainability:
Every organism on this planet is egoistic. In front it digs a hole and on its back it leaves a heap without giving a thought about eco-‐friendly sustainable behaviour. This would be a disaster, if every single organism would not be an integrated woven nod within a sustainable network, simplified expressed as link of a food chain. We call this network nature. The space between the nods describes the limits of each organism. The human race was the first and so far only species which successfully managed to expand the limited space by designing an artificial network called culture.
Culture is the artificially designed supply circle in addition to nature. It is a survival strategy within nature. The permanent fight of survival happened in respect with nature, never against nature. The powerful means of technology mankind happened to invent especially in the last 300 years gave the false idea that the human race dominates nature. This had the devastating side effect that the cultural circle increasingly detached from the natural circle. But culture is a suicidal strategy without nature.
>> Michael on Sustainable Design
project : ecodesigners
Arnault Garcia
The website "ecodesigner" is a virtual community of professionals designers which are interested in making design with an sustainable and social approach. The website will contain a front office for public, client (directory - search tools - portfolio) and a back office provided services for designers (thematic files)
We want to show the project of designers (real or prototype) in a online portoflio and share experiences with other designers in order to promote design and create business opportunity. We are also associated with professionals organisations (AFD, AGD, ) tochoose the best practise for best design. At the first time the website will be available in english and french
then in spanish and german.
GeCo Card
Rashi Saxena and Kubilay Alton
They demonstrate how information can design support and contribute to activities in the field of sustainability.
For ages, public transport has been seen as an economical and eco-friendly alternative for mobility. The innovative GeCo Card is an acronym for GrEener Communities and can expand the scope of benefits of public transport to a greater horizon GeCo Card is the heart of a unique loyalty program, designed to boost:
1. Public transport
2. Local Businesses
3. Eco-sensitivity
GeCo Card requires the use of following technologies:
1. Smart cards (named GeCo Card)
2. Near Field Communication (NFC)
3. Cloud computing
4. Smart Phones
GeCo Card acts as a comprehensive Customer Relationship Management tool for public transport operators, and goes a step ahead by also raising customer consciousness and support for environment conservation and social sustainability.
Casestudy: Oy-Mittelberg
Andreas Koop
oy-mittelberg is a small village near the alps like hundreds of others and they want to have a new broschure for their touristic marketing. But what they got was much more than that a new strategy and a new orientation. In workshops we tried to figure out the situation and potential which led to the very mission: »hiking-time the whole
year«. a sustainable topic and an even concret developable approach. For all people there.
>> Andreas on Mittelberg PDF
Green Steel
Sebastian Pernet, Jose Enrique Garcia, Maria Camarena and Tarun Mann
The efforts of the latest years for fostering a sustainable public transport have seemingly focused only on finding alternative eco-friendly solutions to conventional means of transportation (understood as vehicles) and it has slightly considered other elements of the public transport system such as infrastructure, which it is not per se a source of pollution even though it could be one in a roundabout way. At present most of the public transport infrastructure is vastly made of steel and concrete (among other materials) whose production releases greenhouse gases (as coal is needed) and erodes large portions of land (where one of its main components, sand, is deposited), respectively. But as well as there are low carbon fuels, there are also eco-friendly construction materials such as the "Guadua Macana". This Colombian-native fast-renewable kind of bamboo has been locally used for years to build low income houses as it is
considerably cheap and has a good structural behavior. Thats why it is called the green steel. After reviewing the state of art (available bibliography and real life examples), Y4PT has proposed to extrapolate from, an Architecture view mainly, the advantages of the "Guadua Macana" for public transport benefit. That is how an inter-disciplinary group of young people has rendered a BRT station prototype capable of accommodating bi-articulated buses. It is scaled 1:1, carefully designed in AutoCAD and Rhinoceros 3D, and structurally feasible, ready to be applied in Bogota´s TransMilenio BRT System
Can you change the world with graphic design?
Helena Wimmer
Helena Wimmer talks about the principles of sustainable graphic design, gives a review of green design pioneers and shows cutting-edge case studies. Furthermore you will be provided with hands-on recommendations from the daily business of a green design studio.
x The concept of green graphic design
x Economical interests and environmental criteria
x Materials and production
x Best practice
x Case study: Biorama - Magazine on sustainable lifestyle. Interview with Artdirector Sig Ganhoer.


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"MEGA-WAY too many great songs on this near dudless [CD] to point out: my only suggestion is buy, listen, and worship your newly anointed gods..." Henry Yu, Maximum Rock & Roll.
29 tracks: Shock, Social Unrest, Schematix, Saucers, Sillies, Scream, Sadonation, Sins, Saigon, Skinnies, Silly Killers, Skunks, Slugs, Scraps, 63 Mönröe, Sorex, Scientific Americans, Shirkers, Sector Four, Soreheads, Scooter & The Worms.
Copyright © 2019 Hyped to DeathPowered by osCommerce


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The Force Be With You
The new Force two-piece design from Boze Forged is a simple and clean five-spoke design for street rod fitments in sizes 17 to 24 inches and a wide range of widths from 5 to 15 inches. Available finishes are, high luster polish, brushed satin, powdercoated colors, and special color inserts to accent each spoke. All Boze Force wheels are designed to fit big brake kits and special offsets. Back-spacing can be made for a flush fit or up to 8 inches. All wheels are custom built from 6061 T-6 billet aluminum and made with pride in the United States.
(866) 634-4626
The Rattler
Unlike other balancers that simply dampen vibration, the TCI Automotive Rattler Torsional Vibration Absorber eliminates the root cause of torsional vibration altogether.
All internal combustion engines display crankshaft torsional vibration. The job of the Rattler Torsional Vibration Absorber is to counteract those vibrations by using internal rollers that automatically offset the twisting forces that cause vibration to happen. It utilizes patented pendulum absorber technology, developed for the aviation industry, to control amplitudes of vibration and angle of crankshaft twist like no other design. Its ability to absorb rather than dampen is the key to its success. It's effective for the entire rpm range, and extends crankshaft and bearing life. It also has the ability to allow the engine to run smoother during operation, which can potentially increase valvetrain stability and longevity. Unlike traditional dampers, the design does not utilize viscous fluids or elastomers and requires virtually no maintenance, and is lighter in weight than most units of the same size and material construction. The TCI Automotive Rattler is available for all popular Ford, Chevrolet (including some LS), Pontiac, Oldsmobile, and Buick street and race applications.
TCI Automotive
(888) 776-9824
Drop This
Total Cost Involved Engineering now makes it possible to bolt a stock height spindle onto your Total Cost Involved Engineering custom IFS. This American-made stock height spindle is specifically engineered for strength, durability, and to bolt to your custom IFS. This stock spindle will raise the front of the vehicle 2 inches.
Total Cost Involved Engineering
(866) 925-1101
Home Spray Booth
Home hobbyists can quickly and easily create a dust-free enclosure for paint or bodywork without damaging walls and ceilings with a ZipWall barrier kit.
The ZipWall Facility Pack Pole Kits include everything needed to create a temporary barrier in a home garage or shop with a dust-free zone the right way. The kit includes six spring-loaded poles, six sets of parts (head, plate, tether, and GripDisk), one caution tape reel, a 300-foot roll of 4-mil caution tape, and six tape clips that mount directly to the poles.
Plastic or cloth sheeting is not included with the ZipWall kits. All ZipPoles can be used with plastic or cloth sheeting up to 8 mils thick.
Summit Racing Equipment
(800) 230-3030


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Mixed Herb Square Wreath
- Exclusive
- Vendor Shipped
Easy, hassle-free returns online and in-store for eligible items.Learn More
Earn $25 in reward dollars4 for every $500 spent on your Williams Sonoma Credit Card. Learn More
- Summary
This fragrant wreath of culinary herbs and other air-dried botanicals is a delight for both cooks and gardeners. Scarlet dried chiles de arbol are arranged in two bursts, with alternating bunches of marjoram, rosemary, summer savory and bay leaves. Hand made on a family-owned farm in California, the wreath's herbs are all grown without herbicides or pesticides. Intended for decorative use only. Protect from weather.
- 15" sq.
- Includes chiles de arbol, marjoram, rosemary, summer savory and bay leaves.
- All herbs are grown without herbicides and pesticides.
- Intended for decorative use only.
- Sunlight will lighten the colors over time.
- Made in the USA.
- Dimensions & More Info
- 15" sq.
- 2 lb.
- Made in the USA.
- Use & Care
- Upon receipt, carefully cut the cable ties securing the wreath and gently remove it from the box.
- The fresh and dried natural materials used in the wreath are intended for display indoors or in a sheltered outdoor area. Avoid direct sunlight and excessive heat, which will cause the materials to fade in color and become fragile. As fresh botanicals age, it is natural for their colors to fade and their leaves to curl slightly.
- If your wreath is mounted on an interior door, we recommend attaching it in two places to prevent it from bouncing against the door when the door is opened or closed.
- It is normal for natural materials to shed. The extra fullness of the piece is intended to compensate for any unavoidable shedding during shipping. To minimize shedding, it is best to not move the arrangement once it has been hung.
- To clean your wreath, lightly dust its leaves with a soft paintbrush or feather duster.
- To store your wreath, we recommend lightly wrapping it in tissue paper and storing it flat in the box in which it arrived or a box of comparable size.
- With proper care, the wreath will last approx. 1 year. For decorative purposes only.
- Shipping
Shipping Information
This item is not eligible for rush shipping and will be shipped directly from the manufacturer within 48 hours. Please allow one to two weeks for delivery after the item is shipped.
Shipping Rates
The shipping rate varies depending on your order total and shipping destination. View Shipping Options and Charges.
Return Policy
At Williams Sonoma, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction are our priority. Upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage; we will arrange for a prompt replacement.
If within 30 days, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value. An original receipt or gift receipt is required for all returns and exchanges. Returns with a gift receipt will be refunded in the form of a Merchandise Credit for the amount indicated on the gift receipt. Returns with original receipt will be refunded in the original form of payment, cash and check refunds over $100 will be issued as a company check (may take 14 business days from time of request).
For all cutlery returns (knife sets, single knives, cutting boards, knife sharpeners, and knife storage) please contact us at 888.922.4108 to initiate the return.
We cannot accept returns on monogrammed, personalized, special-order items, custom upholstery, food, items shipped direct from the vendor, or on items damaged through normal wear and tear. Final sale items ending in .97 or .99 cannot be returned.
For returns of items purchased from your Williams Sonoma Gift Registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later. View Full Returns Policy.


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Despite initial reports, DeMarcus Ware might try to play this week
IRVING, Texas - DeMarcus Ware began this week believing he would miss a game for the first time in his eight-year career.
Now the Dallas defensive end is thinking he might try to play Sunday in Philadelphia, despite being listed as doubtful after not practicing all week with a strained right quadriceps muscle.
The star pass rusher also found out that fellow 2005 draft pick Jay Ratliff won't play another game for the Cowboys after he was released.
"You've just got to keep playing," said Ware, who has played in 134 straight games, with 133 starts. "You've just got to look at it as a business."
Ware and Ratliff came from opposite ends of the draft eight years ago - Ware was the 11th overall pick, Ratliff the 224th selection in the seventh round. They became partners on the Dallas defensive front and went to four straight Pro Bowls together from 2008 to 2011.
While Ware started working feverishly Monday to recover from an injury sustained early in last weekend's win over Washington, Ratliff wasn't even around the first day he was eligible to be activated after six weeks on the physically unable to perform list.
The 32-year-old Ratliff injured a hamstring during the conditioning test before training camp, and his agent says he still hasn't completely recovered from groin surgery late last season. Coach Jason Garrett and owner Jerry Jones declined to respond to agent Mark Slough's claim that the injury was much more serious than the team let on by calling it a sports hernia surgery.
As messy as the split with Ratliff appears to be, Ware said his old teammate was actually at team headquarters Wednesday - the day he was released - and in "good spirits."
"It's sad not to have him here," Ware said. "But I just know that at the end of the day, for a player to have the opportunity to still be on the market and play and still do the things he can do, I think it's always a blessing and you've just got to look at it that way."
Ware has played hurt before - as recently as last year when he stayed on the field with a shoulder injury that required offseason surgery. He also has a history of neck problems, and has recently dealt with back issues, too.
This is the first lower-body injury, though, and Ware limped through several plays against the Redskins before giving in and settling for street clothes in the second half.
"I know that I can get through injuries but you never can say that one injury is worse than another," Ware said. "Just like I took it with that (neck) injury, you got to take it that whole week and make a game-day decision."
If Ware plays, it won't surprise Garrett, who says the franchise's career sack leader gets more leeway in a decision that ultimately will be made by the team's medical staff.
"He's quick, he's fast, explosive, all that stuff," Garrett said. "But again, I think the intangible traits are what make DeMarcus Ware who he is. He's got great passion for the game, a great work ethic, a great competitive spirit. And he brings it every week. He's done that for a long, long time."
The 31-year-old Ware says he isn't trying to keep a streak alive. He just says his body heals quickly, and he doesn't waste any time trying to get ready.
"You don't want to be defined as just a number," said Ware, who nonetheless will be because of his lofty career sack total of 115. "You want to be somebody that when you get out there, you're wreaking havoc and playing. If I can do that this week, I'm going to get out there and play."
Ware said one thing's for sure: Suggestions that he would miss three to four weeks will be wrong.
NOTES: Like Ware, RB DeMarco Murray is listed as doubtful after not practicing all week. He has an MCL sprain in his left knee. ... WR Miles Austin (hamstring) is listed as probable even though he didn't practice Thursday or Friday ... DE Jason Vega was signed off the practice squad to fill the vacant roster spot. ... RB Lance Dunbar (hamstring), LB DeVonte Holloman (neck) and DE Edgar Jones (groin) are out.


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