text: Show Hide image Politics 20 October 2012 Who killed Charlotte Pinkney? The disappearance of a teenager in a small Devonian town still raises questions nearly a decade later, writes Alan White. Sign-up Ilfracombe, on the north coast of Devon, is one of those towns that isn't particularly beloved by the rest of the county. Like Torquay, on the opposite coast, it's a less-than beautiful little place, buried among the cliffs of the county's coastline. Like Torquay, it has something of an edge. In the winter nights, an icy westerly breeze, funnelled by the Bristol Channel, stalks past the white-washed Victorian terraces around the harbour. It was once a popular destination for tourists or – as the locals call them – "grockles". Many of them came for the combination of summer surfing at the golden beaches to the west, or for Exmoor to the east, staying in the town's cheap caravan parks and bed and breakfasts. With the growth of cheap package holidays, this industry faltered. Unemployment rose, as did tension between the locals and those who'd moved there over the years. In 2001, Ilfracombe Central Ward was designated the most deprived super output area in Devon. And as in Torquay, one of the things left behind by the tourism boom years was drugs. Weed, ecstasy, coke – there's a nice little market for the dealers to this day, selling to the local youths and the remaining summer visitors. No, Ilfracombe's not the most perfect place in the world. But nothing really bad ever happens there. Except, one night, it may well have done. We don't know exactly what happened. All we have are facts, and gaps between the facts. * In the early hours of the morning of Saturday 28th February 2004, a group of young people were at a house party in the Burnside area of town. Among those present was a stocky 22-year-old scaffolder, called Nick Rose. He played in goal for the local football team, and had a five-year-old son. There was a 16-year-old teenager with brown eyes and long, waist-length, dark brown hair, called Charlotte Pinkney. She was wearing a cream coat, black t-shirt, chequered beige trousers, and was apparently carrying a Lonsdale handbag. And there was a local fisherman, called Dean Copp. The party was raucous. In 2009 the Guardian reported that Charlotte had got into a physical altercation with another girl. The group of young people there often drank and took drugs; Rose and Copp took both that night, while one partygoer later spoken to by police appears to have been on a cocktail of weed, coke, amyl nitrate, and ecstasy. Charlotte, for her part, was known to have taken ecstasy, cannabis and cocaine in the past. Later, in court, she was described as an "enthusiastic socialiser." A picture emerged of a Friday night and Saturday morning much like the one before, and many more before that - a number of pubs, nightclubs, and back to someone's house. As one witness later told the court: "Everyone knows everyone in Ilfracombe." Charlotte loved the place. She once turned down an offer to visit Essex, because she knew she'd get homesick. In her diary, she once wrote: "If I ran away, I would go to Combe Martin [a couple of miles away]." She was excited about the future - she had plans to go an Aunt's wedding in Kent, to visit Portugal for the European Cup, and especially about her upcoming 17th birthday. There was a family gathering organised at her mother's house, and plans to go out in the evening. A family member would later describe her as "a beautiful girl when she dressed up to go out: vulnerable and intensely private." At 4.30am on the Saturday morning, Rose said he was leaving the party, in a red Vauxhall Cavalier he had borrowed from a friend, Helena McKenzie. McKenzie had bought the car for £100 in 2004, and Rose regularly used it, in return for running errands for her. Of course, he wasn't insured on it – but in rural areas with just a few bobbies to avoid, such arrangements aren't uncommon. According to Rose, he was planning to leave on his own, and have a spliff back at a friend's house – Dean Copp asked to come, and he then invited Charlotte. They drove to Helena McKenzie's house, but there was no answer, so the three went to another girl's house – Alexa Williams' – where Charlotte was staying. She had moved in after falling out with her 41-year-old boyfriend, a man named Gus O'Brien. He was known to the police and had previous convictions, for driving a car connected with a robbery, for battery, and threatening behaviour. Copp and Rose also had more minor previous convictions, but a court would not deem them relevant to what happened next. Charlotte was a headstrong girl, and she and O'Brien had a rocky relationship. She had a number of one-night stands and a furious argument had erupted between the pair (a few days later he walked into a pub and ranted about it, revealing the embarrassing background to his friends, something he said was one of the worst things he'd ever done). The couple were seen coming to blows on the Friday night: Charlotte slapped him, and they had to be separated. Normally, she divided her time between O'Brien's house and those of her parents, who were divorced. But there were a number of occasions when she would stay at Williams' house after a row. Her family knew O'Brien took and dealt drugs, and did not approve of the relationship. They'd seen a change in her and were concerned, but still looked on her as an intelligent and loving girl. O'Brien had been at the house party, but had told Charlotte he didn't want to speak to her, and would see her the next day. Dean got out of the car and called at Williams' house. He later told police he turned to see Charlotte kissing Rose in the car, though admits he was high and drunk at the time. Rose denies this. He says Charlotte asked for a driving lesson, and moved her leg across the gearstick. He told her she couldn't have one. It's at this point that Rose says he saw a pair of headlights on a road running parallel to the one they were in. He says he assumed at that time in the morning it could only be the police. Two policemen would later give evidence that they were in the general vicinity around that time, having attended to a robbery case elsewhere. Rose was disqualified from driving and known to them, so says he thought it best to drive the long way home. He did a u-turn and drove off, leaving a bemused Dean Copp on the road. Copp went back to the party. He stayed there until 6.30am, whereupon he, Gus O'Brien and some others went to Alexa Williams' house. They put a ladder against the window, before her babysitter let them in. They then went on to another mutual friend's house. In the mean time, Rose says he dropped Charlotte off at a community centre at the top of the road. The car began to make a juddering sound as if running out of petrol. It had no tax or MOT, so he drove it off the main road and headed towards a reservoir, hiding it in a tunnel so that if the police drove into the car park they wouldn't see him. He says he climbed up an overgrown embankment to a hut and then got on the roof for a view of the main road, and fell asleep up there for a while. A cigarette lighter would later be found on the roof of this hut, which had a weak DNA link to him. Satisfied the police had gone, he returned to the car, but found it was stuck in mud under a disused railway tunnel. What we now know depends on eyewitness testimony. Anthony Woodward, a retired man from Higher Slade, would later say he saw Rose trying to move the car from the tunnel at about 9.20am when walking his dog. Rose asked him if he had a rope. Woodward suggested a man who was building steps further down the path might come, with a tractor, and Rose told him he already had someone coming (Rose denies saying this). A labourer named Mark Atkinson, who was working at Rose's house, said he saw Rose return home at about 11am, looking "rough". He says Rose told him he had been in a police chase and hidden near the Slade reservoir; because the police had lights and dogs (Rose would later claim he said he thought they had dogs). Back at the car, three women out horse riding would say they saw Charlotte Pinkney's handbag on the verge of the track leading to the tunnel at around midday. The bag would later be found by a woman who, unsure what to do with it, hung it on a signpost, and it would then be thrown into a bush by three boys who were playing in the area. At about mid-day, Rose went to Helena McKenzie's house, where he explained to Copp that he'd left him because he wanted to get away from the police. He was now wearing shorts and a T-shirt. A friend of McKenzie's said she saw fine scratches on him, and three deeper scratches on his neck. He said he had hidden from the police in the Slade Reservoir, and that the car had got stuck in mud. Copp called him a liar, and said he'd got off with Charlotte. Rose denied this, and said he needed Copp's help to retrieve the car. Copp told him to fuck off. Rose went back home. He grabbed a shovel, wrapped in a carrier bag. Back at the car, Darrell Cleary, a young man who was out walking with his girlfriend, was approached by Rose, who asked for help moving the car. It wouldn't budge, and Rose told him not to worry about it; Cleary and his girlfriend went on their way. He said he saw him holding some sort of rolled up material which he threw in the boot of the car. Rose says this must have been the shovel in a bag. Michael Huntley was out walking with his four-year-old son near the reservoirs at about 12.30pm when he saw the red car from a cycle track above the tunnel. He saw a man on the back seat, kneeling towards the boot, apparently brushing it. Rose eventually freed the car. McKenzie was at an all-night party on the Saturday. When she got back her car was waiting for her, and a note from Rose had been slipped through her letterbox, apologising for the mess and promising he'd clean it and jet-wash it. On the Sunday afternoon he phoned the company director of West Country Scaffolding, asking where his tools were. The man told him they were at the yard, and he later received a call from Rose saying he couldn't find them. From the area Rose was describing, he was clearly at the yard. According to Rose's casual girlfriend, Rose then took the car to a car wash, and went out with her to Lee Bay, a few miles from Ilfracombe. He says that the reason they went there was because she wanted to tell him she was pregnant. He also looked for a stash of drugs he'd heard was hidden there. She says she spent the night and much of the following week with him, and that his behaviour was normal. That day, a woman named Geraldine Woodward thought she saw Rose in the afternoon, near the disused railway line, carrying a heavy bag. On the Monday, Helena McKenzie said Rose borrowed the car four times – to take her children to school for her, to collect his Giro, to return a friend to Barnstable, and collect some tools. McKenzie said he returned at 10.30pm, apparently smelling of aftershave, and looking stressed. He'd lost his phone and was panicking about it. The next day, Rose hoovered out the car. He would borrow it again on Wednesday 3rd March – the director of West Country Scaffolding would see him in it, and would help him locate his missing tools. On 4th March Charlotte's father reported her missing to the police. On 6th March, Rose was spoken to by police. He told them that he had left Charlotte outside the community centre. He did not give the impression he was driving at the time, but on being assured that the police were not interested in driving offences, he admitted that he had. The policeman who interviewed him said he looked pale, and at one point it looked like his eyes welled up. On 7th March, in the morning, the police collected the car from another friend of McKenzie's. It had been used by a local group for a trip to Newquay. Then the police went to Rose's house. He was arrested, questioned and released. At the time he said "murder?" and "I haven't done anything", and his eyes again welled up. He was then rearrested on 31st March, at 7.30am. He said: "It's ridiculous. Why am I the only one being arrested for this?" and "I take it the boyfriend hasn't told you about the gyppos after him." Police divers had searched the two large reservoirs near Slade where Rose's car was seen, and officers had searched the undergrowth – but Charlotte was never seen again, despite more than 50 police searches. Rose was charged with her murder. * Despite the small window of time within which Rose could have killed Charlotte and hidden the body, the evidence against him was compelling, but entirely circumstantial. He was examined by a doctor. Bruises on Rose's upper arm were consistent with grip marks, but it was impossible to date the bruises. Two further injuries might have been caused by fingernail scratches. All other injuries were consistent with moving through bushes or playing football. A large amount of clothing was removed from Rose's house. No blood matching Charlotte's was found. However, some small bloodstains were found in the car - on the roof lining and in the boot, on some jump leads in the car, and on Rose's trainer. DNA tests showed a match to Charlotte's profile, and her DNA was also found on a red hooded top in the car. Rose's family say that the prosecution exaggerated the amount – that there were only tiny specks, which, as a user of cocaine, could have been produced had she sneezed – and stressed that she'd ridden in the car many times before. A small piece of elastic was found in the car. The prosecution claimed it came from Charlotte's knickers, but it had none of her DNA on it and it was shown in court that it would have been impossible to break off in such a way during a tussle. On the Tuesday, Rose cleaned the car with McKenzie's vacuum cleaner, but he apparently left the boot untouched, which is where the prosecution claim he stashed the body. A button found in the vacuum cleaner was also produced in court – it was similar to a button on Charlotte's trousers, but it had none of the victim's DNA on it. While Rose was on remand, a brown boot was found near Rose's house (in an area that had already been searched) - tests revealed moderate support for the conclusion that it was Charlotte's. Central to the case was the Lonsdale Handbag. Two witnesses had said Charlotte was carrying it, another had said she wasn't. It proved, the prosecution said, that Charlotte was in the car with Rose at the time it got stuck in the tunnel. The three girls who were horse riding had seen it, but Anthony Woodward, earlier, did not. The bag was later found, empty. Rose contended it was found in an area that would only be accessible once he drove out of the tunnel – it wasn't on the route back to his house. Could someone have simply lifted it from the car when it was left unattended? The scratches on Rose's neck had apparently been seen by Dean Copp, Helena McKenzie, their friend Cheryl Alderton and (on the Sunday) Helena's sister. He said the only scratches he had were on his arms and legs, a result of clambering through brambles to get to the hut. In a later appeal to the Criminal Cases Review Commission he would submit that evidence should have been taken from his football team, for whom he played on the Sunday. A police surgeon who gave evidence did not refer to deep scratches, nor were they shown on photos. Rose would later point out that Copp and McKenzie only mentioned the scratches once the trial began. The Guardian would later claim a police doctor found no evidence of scratches on his neck, but the evidence wasn't admitted in court. His injuries, the defence said, were consistent with those sustained playing in goal the following Sunday. The defence also said the sightings of Rose at the reservoir were consistent with his story: it wasn't rolled up material but the shovel he was seen putting in the boot of the car, while Geraldine Woodward's sighting of him couldn't be correct, since she said he was wearing a cream baseball cap, which he didn't own, Woodward hadn't seen him in years (she spotted him from an ID parade), and he was clearly with his girlfriend at that time. The defence raised two intriguing explanations for Charlotte's disappearance that didn't involve Rose. They said that Charlotte either died of a drugs overdose at Gus O'Brien's flat and that he disposed of the body at sea, or that her death was in some way connected to his involvement in the drugs scene. They also said that O'Brien had scattered incriminating exhibits near Rose's house to throw the police off the scent. On 17th February 2005, Rose was found guilty of murder. The jury found Rose guilty by eleven to one, after twenty five hours of deliberations. Shortly after that O'Brien – who was called as a prosecution witness - was up before Exeter Crown Court on charges of drug dealing. A set of scales with cocaine on and £3,925 in cash had been found at his flat a short time before Charlotte's disappearance. The charges were dropped after witnesses ended their cooperation and a bookmaker told the police he could have won the money gambling. O'Brien's flat had been searched following Charlotte's disappearance. Police found a book in his possession, entitled Changes after Death. A bookmark was in a chapter relating to death from an overdose, which O'Brien apparently said belonged to his flatmate. Five years later, the Criminal Cases Review Commission would state that the fact O'Brien was on bail for drugs offences at the time he gave evidence against Rose did not cast his evidence into doubt, because other witnesses had mentioned his drug dealing. But had the trial gone ahead, one wonders what other information might have come out. There's a reason this matters. It's because there's another dimension to this case, one which is rather hard to ignore. In the week following the alleged murder, Charlotte Pinkney was repeatedly seen around Ilfracombe. * In 2009 the Guardian alleged that people interviewed by police at the time of the search said that Pinkney later turned up to another party; their statements weren't put to the jury. But before then, during the trial, five witnesses said they saw Charlotte after the alleged murder. The first was a 13-year-old boy, who said he either saw her on either Saturday 21st or Saturday 28th February. He thought it was the latter, because it was a Saturday two days after his birthday, and he was wearing his new tracksuit which had been given to him as a present. Brett Holford, the landlord of a pub on the high street called The Victoria Inn, said he saw Charlotte enter the bar between 12.30pm and 1pm on 28 February. He says he saw her sitting on Gus O'Brien's knee and looking upset about something. The date, but not the time, was corroborated by a man called Ronald Townsend, who says he saw her in there at 3pm. The prosecution said Holford was confused over the date, but Holford was sure it was the 28th, because Townsend, normally an enthusiastic drinker, was drinking orange juice as he had to ferry his daughter and her friends from her birthday party that day at a restaurant. In a subsequent Criminal Cases Review Commission appeal, Rose's team would produce restaurant records confirming the birthday party to which Ronald Townsend referred. Martin Watts was driving towards the centre of town when he said he saw Gus O'Brien and a girl whom he was "99% sure" was Charlotte. He was sure of the date because he was travelling to finish work on a stable he was building in Higher Slade. Charlotte Bettis, who knew Charlotte from school, said she saw her sitting in the passenger seat of a car opposite the cafe where she worked, with a local, Dean Phillips, in the driver's seat, on March 2nd. She said she had a clear view of the car, four to four-and-a-half metres away. Phillips maintained he had not seen her since the party. The prosecution insisted all these witnesses were mistaken: they said that the Victoria pub witnesses were confusing Saturday 28 February with Saturday 21 February. On 21 February, Charlotte spent the day in a pub on the other side of town, in the company of Gus O'Brien and a number of others. They were watching Arsenal play Chelsea. Charlotte got locked in the toilet, and the lock had to be removed. All of this was confirmed by the landlord. They then moved on to the Victoria Inn. In 2006, the case went to the Court of Appeal. Postman Nick Perrin and 18-year-old Poppy Humphries both said they too saw Charlotte in the Victoria on that day. Perrin told the court that he saw Charlotte in the pub at about 2.20pm. He said she was sitting on the knee of Gus O'Brien and "crying a lot". It was later revealed that Perrin had spoken with Rose's grandmother (though the judge believed him an honest witness). The court deemed Humphries an unreliable witness, saying her evidence was 'self-evidently untrue'. Perrin, however, said he was certain of the date, because he had worked overtime. It was shown that Perrin had indeed worked an early shift on the 28 February (beginning at 3.45am), but that he had worked an early shift on the 21 February too (beginning at 4.45 am). He also maintained he had made a mistake in his original statement by saying he arrived at the pub at 2pm on the 28th - he had actually arrived in the pub at 1.17pm on 21 February and 2.20pm on the 28th February. Despite the fact the court felt the shift pattern he described was more consistent with 21st February, Perrin stood by his claim that it was the 28th February he saw Charlotte - because he remembered Townsend was drinking orange juice. However, the jury in the original trial had already concluded Townsend was wrong about the date, so his evidence was dismissed. The defence argued Charlotte and her friends were already in the pub when Perrin arrived, which could not have been the case on 21 February, because he arrived earlier. However, the court of appeal observed a discrepancy between Townsend's claim they arrived at 3pm on 28th, and Houlford's claim they arrived at 12.30. In all there were seven different witness statements taken into account by the appeal court judges. According to the Guardian, one of the sightings should have been picked up on CCTV, but police said the footage had been erased. One of the witnesses claims he had difficulty in persuading the police to take his statement. An officer allegedly said to him: 'You've thrown a right spanner in the works.' There were a number of other submissions: among them, Rose's team argued that the judge at the original trial shouldn't have told the court that "countless other people" would have seen Charlotte if she'd been alive at the time the defence claimed. None of it helped – the case was dismissed. * On 20 March 2008, an appeal was made to the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC). It included these submissions: fresh evidence that she was seen on 28 February; evidence that Charlotte had cut her foot at the party; that there were newspapers in the boot of the car which pre-dated her disappearance (so if the body was put in the boot, there would have been more DNA); and a number of other claims. The CCRC looked again at the 28 February sightings. That Charlotte was watching football at the Prince of Wales on 21 February was confirmed by the landlord and the televised football match. It meant the 13-year-old boy couldn't have seen her on the 21st - it must have been the 28th. But then the boy's evidence didn't quite square with the Victoria landlord's, who said he'd seen her in his bar at 12.30pm. The CCRC concluded: "The matter was one for the jury and in the absence of new evidence there is no real possibility that the Court of Appeal might be prepared to entertain alternative hypotheses." The CCRC looked at Nicholas Perrin's evidence. The Court of Appeal had disregarded it because the only thing that made him certain about the date was the fact Ron Townsend was drinking orange juice in the bar. It concluded "evidence that Mr Townsend was drinking orange juice is not the same as evidence that Charlotte was in the Victoria". It felt the claim originated from a discussion between Townsend and Houlford, and that if they made a mistake, it could have been perpetrated by other witnesses. Two new witnesses, Alan Jackson and John Comley, both now claimed to have seen Charlotte in the pub. The CCRC decided there was no possibility the Court of Appeal would find it necessary to receive their evidence, on the grounds Jackson didn't contact the police at the time, and Comley's original statement indicated he was drinking on 27 February, not 28th. Rose's team responded by saying that Jackson went on television immediately after the trial to say he had seen Charlotte, and that his wife could back him up. The CCRC next considered the blood in the car. A bloodstained sock was found at Gus O'Brien's flat - he claimed she'd cut her foot on some glass. The CCRC felt it couldn't explain why her blood was found in several places about the car. Rose's team said that four people had used the car for a trip to Newquay after her disappearance, and none of them had noticed any blood stains, while newspapers in the boot pre-dated her disappearance, and didn't have any DNA on. The CCRC concluded "there may be many reasons why there was only a small amount of blood in the boot of the car...the fact remained that blood matching Charlotte's DNA profile was found in the car and Mr Rose could offer no explanation for it." According to another section of Rose's appeal to the CCRC, an investigative journalist had been digging around the case. One girl at the original party, Samantha (name changed), told him she had been offered money by Gus O'Brien to give a statement to police saying that she had refused to have sex with Rose, and if she'd said no, he'd have got violent towards her. The mother of O'Brien's son admitted to her own mother that O'Brien had offered her money to make a false statement. Another woman told the journalist that Rose would have been too scared of O'Brien to have done anything with Charlotte, but that Copp was 'all over' her at the party. She believed Charlotte had a key to Williams' house, and had stayed the night there. It turned out that all three of these people made statements at the time of the original investigation - again, they were ruled out as unlikely to provide a fresh perspective. But an entry on HOLMES, the police database, shows that Samantha did indeed give a statement that she had "rough" sex with Rose, that he "didn't like being knocked back or turned down sexually,", and that the police who interviewed her believed she'd "been put up to it". The prosecution didn't use it. Any possible admission on her part, the CCRC decided, would be undermined by the fact she'd given a false statement at the time. It also wouldn't show that O'Brien was necessarily implicated in Pinkney's death - nor would any evidence that he'd offered money to the mother of his son. Rose's team also said that O'Brien acted strangely after the disappearance - asking to bathe at Robinson's home and disposing of his bathroom carpet. Dean Copp, meanwhile, would find himself in prison in 2008 for crimes of violence against women. The CCRC responded that the volatile relationship between Charlotte and O'Brien was revealed at trial, as was Copp's background. There were a great many more submissions by Rose's team – he asked for a review of mobile phone data relating to Gus O'Brien and others, asked the CCRC to look into possible evidence that Charlotte was buried in a field in Stoneybridge, to review the forensic evidence relating to the bloodstains and scratches on him – but all were declined. * I've simply tried to present the facts of this case as objectively as I can, because I'd rather report than speculate. Those who find it hard to believe that a handful of individuals could collectively confuse themselves over what happened on a given date – which for one was the birthday of a relative - must contend with the fact this aberration contradicts a wealth of circumstantial evidence. Some is extremely strong, some far less so. Those who would point the finger at O'Brien should remember that he has a clear alibi for the time of the alleged murder, and that any evidence implicating him is even more circumstantial than that which convicted Rose, and far weaker. We don't know the truth. But we do know there is no body; only circumstantial evidence, and a series of speculative avenues which could be investigated, but are not, because they're not based on fresh evidence. The scenes of jubilation outside the Appeal Court this year after Sam Hallam's conviction for murder was overturned remind us of the price paid by those who fall foul of errors in the criminal justice system. In the last 30 years, our prison population has exploded. It's more than doubled – up to 87,123 last week. In this context, it's cheering that cases such as Sam Hallam's garner huge publicity precisely because they are exceptional. Shortly after the case, the point was recently put to Dr Michael Naughton of Bristol University's law school. His response should concern even the most hard-line supporters of punitive policies: "That's what people tell themselves to feel better." He claims that while there aren't thousands of similar cases, there are hundreds. And Dr Naughton's organisation, Innocence Network UK, has recently published a dossier of 45 cases of possible wrongful conviction. Nick Rose's is just one of them. Alan White's work has appeared in the Observer, Times, Private Eye, The National and the TLS. As John Heale, he is the author of One Blood: Inside Britain's Gang Culture. Subscribe from just £1 per issue SUBSCRIBE More


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Pumpkin Freeze with Mincemeat
I love serving this recipe at fall gatherings, especially Thanksgiving. After a bountiful meal, a refreshing dessert like this one is always appreciated. —Donna Gonda, North Canton, Ohio
- 1 cup canned pumpkin
- 1/2 cup packed brown sugar
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1/8 teaspoon ground cloves
- 1 quart vanilla ice cream, softened
- 1 package (9 ounces) condensed mincemeat
- 1-1/2 cups water
- 1/2 cup apricot nectar
- 1 tablespoon grated orange zest
- 1. In a large bowl, combine the pumpkin, brown sugar, salt, cinnamon and cloves. Fold in ice cream. Fill individual molds or foil-lined muffin cups. Cover and freeze for 24 hours.
- 2. For sauce, crumble mincemeat into a saucepan; add water. Cook and stir until mixture comes to a rolling boil; boil for 1 minute. Cool to room temperature. Stir in apricot nectar and orange zest.
- 3. Unmold pumpkin mixture or remove foil from cups. Serve with mincemeat sauce.
Nutrition Facts
1 each: 315 calories, 8g fat (4g saturated fat), 29mg cholesterol, 304mg sodium, 60g carbohydrate (51g sugars, 2g fiber), 3g protein.
© 2019 RDA Enthusiast Brands, LLC


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We routinely speak of "the problem of evil." But during the Christian era there have been two main problems of evil, and it is important to distinguish these, as well as how Christians ought to respond to them. Let …Read More
Paul Helm
Paul Helm is professor of theology at Highland Theological College in Scotland and teaching fellow at Regent College in Vancouver, Canada. He is author of The Providence of God and John Calvin's Ideas.


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GUY ADAMI has experienced the thrill of trading millions of dollars in precious metals in a matter of seconds on Wall Street in the 1990s, and analyzing the financial crisis each afternoon as a panelist on the live CNBC program "Fast Money."
But he says none of those experiences compare with the rush he felt on a sun-dappled Sunday morning in late May in Red Bank, N.J., when he crossed the finish line of his first triathlon. It was at a so-called sprint distance — a half-mile swim, followed by a 13-mile bike ride and then a 3.2-mile run — which Mr. Adami, 48, completed in just under two hours, finishing 116th in a field of 160.
Just signing up for that race was no small accomplishment for Mr. Adami, who, not six months earlier, had been leading the sedentary existence of a trader and carrying a flabby 235 pounds on his 6-foot-3 frame. But as a volunteer placed a medal around his neck, Mr. Adami had little time to celebrate. A far more daunting challenge loomed: on Aug. 11, he will join nearly 3,000 other weekend warriors as they seek to endure, and complete, the first Ironman-distance triathlon to be staged in the New York metropolitan region.
To put the magnitude of that 140.6-mile race in perspective, consider this. It will begin at 7 a.m. with a 2.4-mile swim in the Hudson River — the open-water equivalent of about 170 lengths in a 25-yard swimming pool, or nearly five times the distance Mr. Adami completed in that New Jersey sprint.
Those participants who manage to complete that swim in 2 hours 20 minutes or less will move on to the bicycle portion — 112 miles in two loops along the deceptively hilly Palisades Interstate Parkway, or the rough equivalent of pedaling from Manhattan to Hartford.Continue reading the main story
Riders who finish the bike ride before 5:30 p.m. — or 10 ½ hours after their odyssey begins — will embark on a 26.2-mile marathon, which will begin in Palisades Interstate Park on the New Jersey side of the Hudson and continue for several loops before concluding with a brisk run (or perhaps a staggering walk, which the rules permit) across the George Washington Bridge and into Riverside Park on the West Side of Manhattan.
Participants will have until midnight — 17 hours after their journey begins — to cross the finish line, or face disqualification. If they manage to prevail, they will hear Mike Reilly, the Vin Scully of the Ironman world, who has called more than 100 such races around the world, announce their name and hometown, followed by four precious words: "YOU are an Ironman!" (Women hear the same thing.)
"People say it's one of the best moments of your life," Mr. Adami said, "and I'm hoping to experience it."
Full-distance Ironman races — all modeled on the original Ironman race in Hawaii, in which 15 men competed in 1978 — have become a franchise of sorts over the past two decades.
More than 140,000 people will compete in an Ironman-branded race this year, including international competitions and races known as "Ironman 70.3," at half the full distance. The number of participants has nearly doubled in the past six years, according to the Ironman organization, the World Triathlon Corporation, which was bought from its previous owner, a Florida eye doctor, in 2008 by Providence Equity Partners, a firm that manages more than $20 billion. (The purchase price was not disclosed.)
The New York-area race, officially known as the Ironman U.S. Championship, will be one of 11 such races in the United States this year. The competition's debut in the nation's biggest media market is akin to a musical's opening on Broadway after carefully honing its act on the road. The American cities that Ironman typically plays each year include much smaller sites, like Lake Placid, N.Y.; Tempe, Ariz.; Louisville, Ky.; Panama City, Fla., and St. George, Utah.
Little wonder, then, that when it was announced, all 3,000 spots sold out in less than 10 minutes, more than a year before the starter's cannon would sound. Each entrant paid a fee of at least $895, nonrefundable.
Why would a seemingly reasonable man like Mr. Adami want to spend the better part of six months training, and then as many as 17 continuous hours swimming, biking and running, all in a race so grueling that it has killed at least five participants in the past decade?
While no two people race for precisely the same reasons, Mr. Adami shares many of the characteristics of his fellow would-be Ironmen, nearly half of whom are women.
He is, for example, squarely in the age spectrum for a midlife crisis — or, at the least, a midlife challenge. Most men and women who embark on an Ironman for the first time are in their 30s or 40s. Like many would-be Ironmen, Mr. Adami once considered himself an athlete — in the mid-1970s, he played tight end and wide receiver on a state high school championship football team in Croton, N.Y. — only to watch his level of physical fitness recede and the waistband on his suit pants steadily tighten.
A veteran of Wall Street, he is also fiercely competitive. "Our industry attracts people that are always looking for challenges, and who always embrace risk," said Mr. Adami, whose off-camera job is as a managing director of Option Monster, an electronic brokerage firm. "So much of being a trader is learning to deal with a level of suffering. Positions don't always go the right away. You have to endure a different kind of pain."
He is also, admittedly, a little crazy, an armchair diagnosis that almost any Ironman aspirant who is being honest will acknowledge.
"The most interesting people I've ever met are people who society would deem a wee bit off," he said. "I'm sure I get lumped into that category."
WHILE some people have dreamed for years of doing an Ironman, Mr. Adami said he had never given the race much thought. For him, the seed was planted when John Korff, the founder of the New York-New Jersey Ironman, appeared last summer on "Fast Money" to talk about the August race and the excitement it was generating among those working on Wall Street.
Mr. Korff, an ultradistance runner who has raced up the 86 flights of the Empire State Building in less than 13 minutes and who founded the New York City Triathlon — an Olympic-distance race — in 2001, said he had been closely tracking Ironman's explosion in popularity. (The Olympic distance is about one-quarter of an Ironman's.)
He said it took him seven years to persuade the Ironman organization to bring its race to a city as big — and as complicated and expensive — as New York. He then had to wrangle the consent of a crazy-quilt of municipalities and agencies along the race's route, which is one reason it is being staged on a Saturday in August, when car traffic, if not the air temperature, is at a minimum.
"My own Ironman has been seven years," said Mr. Korff, who has never tried a triathlon at the 140.6-mile Ironman distance. "Every step of the way was a challenge. Every challenge had subchallenges."
Because of the costs involved, the entry fee here was nearly double that in any other American race. Not surprisingly, Mr. Korff estimates, perhaps one of every three of the participants in the coming race work on Wall Street or in related businesses.
Two days after Mr. Korff was on his program, Mr. Adami attended a meeting of the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society of New Jersey, whose board he had joined several months earlier at the request of a friend, John Hyland, the managing partner of a financial services firm in Morristown.
Mr. Adami knew that Mr. Hyland had done eight Ironman races since 2000, the most recent in Hawaii in 2008. Not long after that race, Mr. Hyland was given a diagnosis of a rare form of leukemia. He has been in remission for two years.
As Mr. Adami sat in his board meeting, Mr. Hyland at the table, he asked for the floor.
"For what it's worth, I just met the guys putting together the Ironman in New York City," he said. "I bet they would furnish us with a few slots for Team in Training." Team in Training is the arm of the national Leukemia and Lymphoma Society that has raised over $1.2 billion for cancer research, specifically through endurance events.
At many Ironman races, as many as 10 percent of the entry slots are set aside for participants who are raising money for charity. They pay a higher entry fee, which at Ironman NY/NJ was $1,500.
Ironman triathletes raised over $50 million for charity through a matching gift program from 2000 to 2010. But that figure accounts for only the roughly 2 percent of participants who registered their efforts officially. Many others have done so quietly, often on behalf of a friend or family member with an illness.
At Mr. Adami's request, Mr. Korff awarded the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society of New Jersey 10 slots.
Mr. Adami made clear that he had no intention of doing the race himself, especially since his exercise at the time consisted mostly of walking from his parking space to the front door of the CNBC studios in Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
"I was not doing any cardio work whatsoever," he said. "The gym? At best periodically. My wife works. I work. We have three kids we chase around."
But then the leukemia society began to prod Mr. Adami not just to assemble a team, but also to compete himself. The sweetener? Mr. Hyland said that he would set forth a training plan for Mr. Adami, and race alongside him, his first Ironman since his cancer diagnosis. Also on their team: a highly decorated member of the Navy SEALs, a professional lacrosse player and the president of a commercial vacuuming service.
By early fall, the group's roster was set, as was its fund-raising target: $500,000 for blood-cancer research.
Now all Mr. Adami had to do was to get in Ironman shape.
THE path to every Ironman begins with an initial stroke, pedal or stride, each then laid atop the other many thousands of times. "Left, right, repeat," as Bryan Reece, a financial services manager and three-time Ironman finisher from Dallas, likes to say.
And so it was that in early 2012, Mr. Adami began training in earnest. He started modestly, alternately swimming, biking or running on consecutive days, following a regimen fed to him by Mr. Hyland in daily phone calls and e-mails.
At least at the outset, that might entail a simple 15-minute jog on a treadmill or a 45-minute indoor ride on a road bicycle he had borrowed from Mr. Hyland, its frame immobilized in a stationary trainer. Mr. Adami would move the gears up and down, to simulate hills and flats.
While the cycling and running came relatively naturally to Mr. Adami, the swimming most certainly did not. For that training, he hired a coach, who helped him work on his endurance and his form in sessions several times a week in the pool at Drew University.
"I needed to get longer, if that makes sense, to slow it down and take fewer strokes," he said.
"So much of the swim comes down to being able to relax in the water," he added. "I don't have panic attacks — but I am anxious."
By mid-May, Mr. Adami was swimming 72 lengths comfortably — about a mile — in a little over an hour. A month later, he had shaved at least 15 minutes off that time. At that pace, he would probably meet the Ironman cutoff of 2 hours 20 minutes on the 2.4-mile swim.
But an endurance swim in the Hudson River is far more perilous than leisurely laps in a university pool, where Mr. Adami is unlikely to be inadvertently punched, kicked or pushed under by the arms and legs that will be swirling around him at New York-New Jersey Ironman.
He has made similarly steady progress on the bike, which he has been riding in and around Morristown for nearly 50 miles on Sunday mornings, at an Ironman-worthy 16 miles an hour. At that rate, he would cover the 112-mile Ironman bike ride in seven hours, though he will be allowed as many as eight or more hours, depending on when he finishes the swim.
Several times a week, Mr. Adami has been running as many as 12 miles at a stretch, at a pace of about nine minutes a mile. Even allowing for the substantial amount of walking he plans to do on the Ironman marathon, he would seem to be in striking distance of finishing it, considering that he will have at least 6 ½ hours for the marathon, allowing him an average pace of about 15 minutes each mile.
"It's a daily process," said Mr. Hyland, 45. "He is thinking of it every day, Aug. 11, and what he has to do today."
Led by Mr. Hyland and Mr. Adami, the Iron team is also closing in on its fund-raising goal. By June 20, its members had collectively raised more than $332,000 in donations, according to its Web site, Iron-team.com, including almost $65,000 at a cocktail party in Morristown in early June where Mr. Adami was the master of ceremonies.
Mr. Adami, meanwhile, has watched his waistline shrink to a 32 from a 38 over the past few months as his weight has dropped from 235 to 197, about what it was in high school.
"I am having trouble keeping my suit pants on," he confessed.
But Mr. Adami has still covered only about half the Ironman distance in a single pool session. He also has to build up his distance on the bike, to rides of about 100 miles by the end of July. He faces similar challenges increasing his run to the roughly 20 miles called for in Mr. Hyland's training plan, 6 miles shy of a marathon.
Every would-be Ironman knows to expect the unexpected in the weeks leading up to a race, usually in the form of a torn ligament or a blown tire on a training ride that might result in a scrape across the pavement. It is not unusual for as many as 20 percent of those who signed up for a competition to miss race day, whether as a result of injury or a middle-of-the-night realization of the magnitude of the task at hand.
Mr. Adami had his big scare on June 13, when he suddenly experienced excruciating back pain, which required a nighttime trip to the emergency room. The cause was kidney stones, which threatened to interrupt his training at a moment when he could little afford it.
By June 21, Mr. Adami was soldiering through the occasional stabs of pain, unwilling to veer from his steadily escalating training. He said that his doctors were unsure whether his exercise regimen had helped cause his condition, but that a failure to drink enough fluids might have contributed.
And yet, as he has been from the outset of his Ironman pursuit, Mr. Adami was undaunted.
"I have the utmost respect for this race, but I expect to finish," he said. "I'm not going to not finish."
And then, momentarily setting aside the rat-a-tat bravado familiar to his viewers on CNBC, he allowed: "But I am terrified."Continue reading the main story


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Serves: 6
stalk lemongrass
1-inch cube fresh ginger, peeled and roughly chopped
cup plus 1/2 cup sugar
cup whole milk
cups canned coconut milk (unsweetened)
cup jasmine or basmati rice
In This Recipe
- To make the syrup, cut a 2-inch section from the thickest part of the lemongrass stalk (near the base), trim the end and remove the thick, outer layer. Combine with the ginger and 1 1/2 cups water in a small saucepan and bring to a boil. Lower the heat, simmering for 5 to 10 minutes until reduced by about half, and strain through a fine sieve. Return the liquid to the saucepan, add 1/3 cup sugar and bring to a boil, stirring just until the sugar dissolves. Lower the heat and simmer gently until the liquid becomes syrupy, about 5 minutes. Let cool. The syrup may be stored in the refrigerator in an airtight container for up to three days.
- To make the pudding, bring the milk and coconut milk to a simmer in a medium, heavy saucepan over medium heat. Stir in the rice and remaining 1/2 cup sugar. Return to a boil, lower the heat and simmer uncovered, stirring occasionally, for 20 to 25 minutes, until thick and creamy. (The rice should be a touch al dente.) Serve warm or chill, covering the surface of the pudding with plastic wrap to prevent a skin from forming. To serve, spoon the pudding into small bowls and drizzle some of the syrup over the top. If you like, garnish with slices of mango or papaya and fresh mint leaves.
- This recipe is a Community Pick!
More Great Recipes:


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People have been called even fairly late...so I would think from submission to 2-3 months prior to filming. But that is a GUESS.They did extend the deadline...
Wow, no one else is trying?Or excited like I am? If I don't get a call say past Feb1st I'm going to start working on my 4th video.
...golden ticket? please explain.( want to know more please )
One question..Does any of you have an out of the ordinary job, previously appeared on a tv show or is related to a sports player, musician and/or tv-personality, maybe is an american with a different ethnic ancestry or have a disability? Don't get me wrong. Hopefully you guys are picked cause that would be the biggest dream of any TAR fan. But it seems the casting people are only interested in people who have any of these pre-requisites..
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Blogging tips for media advocates
Blogging can be a powerful communications tool for media advocacy. Blogs can help you establish your online identity, share expertise, and, ultimately, advance your social change goals. Whether you are just getting started or have been blogging for years, here are some tips and tricks to help your organization build and maintain a better blog. More >
|framing 101
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|Each day, BMSG monitors online media to see what new tactics the food and beverage industry is using to market to children. This is a digest of what we've found.


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Pre-College Resources
American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE)
- Engineering, Go For It! (eGFI). eGFI has something for everyone—students, K-12 teachers and informal educators, parents and guardians, and anyone else with an interest in engineering.
Career Exploring Program
- Engineering & Technology Career Exploring is open to young men and women ages 14 (and completed the 8th grade) through 20 years old with an interest in learning more about careers in the fields of engineering & technology.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
- IEEE publishes the Pre-University Career Preparation Guide with tips and suggested resources for exploring careers in electrical, electronics, and computer engineering.
Technology Student Association (TSA)
- TSA has great information about programs and team activities, publications, and resources and engineering-related team competitions for high school students.
Society of Women Engineers (SWE)
- Aspire by SWE—sharing the excitement of engineering innovation with girls in grades K-12.
Resources for Teachers and Parents
- Project Lead the Way (PLTW), from the National Alliance for Pre-Engineering Programs—a national program forming partnerships among public schools, higher education institutions, and the private sector, PLTW seeks to increase the quantity and quality of engineers and engineering technologists graduating from our educational system. Programs have been developed at both the high school and middle school levels.
- ASEE's K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division—a non-profit organization committed to furthering education in engineering.


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When dear fellow bloggers Jai and Bee announced the new event "CLICK", I was very much excited. But the theme, i.e., EGGS made me think!! How can one get a creative idea out of eggs? An egg is an egg, white and oval, in what ever angle you try to take a picture of it 🙂
When I asked a dear friend of mine for an idea, the answer was, "I can't think of anything except boiling it and cutting into half and swallowing :)"
Hmmm… tough, it was for me, becoz I am not good with camera, and I was whiling away the time drooling over the lovely entries sent by my fellow bloggers here.
When I put on the thinking cap, many ideas flashed… and I decided to go with this – Pickled Deviled Eggs!!!
Hard Boiled Eggs: 4, peeled
Beetroot and Red Cabbage: 1 cup each, chopped
Water: 2 + 2 cups
Vinegar: 1/4 + 1/4 cup
Cloves: 5 + 5
Cinnamon: 1 inch
Salt: 2 + 2 tsp
For Deviled Eggs:
Mayonnaise: 2 Tbsp
Dijon Mustard: 1 Tbsp
Pepper ans Salt: to taste
How I did it:
- Boil the Beets and Cabbage in separate vessels, with all the ingredients.
- Simmer for 30 mins.
- Sieve them into 2 dry jars, and let them cool.
- Now add 2 eggs in each jar, cover and leave it in the fridge overnight.
- You get pink eggs (from beets) and blue eggs (from cabbage).
- For the Deviled eggs:
- Cut the eggs into half and scoop out the yolks.
- Mash the yolks with a fork or spoon, add Mayonnaise, Mustard, Pepper and salt and whisk till smooth.
- Fill the eggs with this and serve.
To Make Egg Mice:
- Take a peeled hard boiled egg and cut off a thin slice from one side.
- Cut out 2 "V" shapes for "Ears" from that slice.
- Make a cut on the top to insert the ears.
- Draw the eyes with tomato ketchup and the whiskers with mustard and pierce a clove at the back for the tail.
And the Verdict:
The platter looked so attractive and colorful. It is even ideal as a center piece on a dining table during dinners or parties.
Kids will with no doubt enjoy these!!
Food Event:
This is my entry for the CLICK event being hosted by dear Jai and Bee of Jugalbandi.


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Trash TV Royalty: Top 10 Greatest Reality TV Stars
Photo credit: Twitter
Reality stars, like cartoon characters and rapper/actors (Rick Ross), have a special place in everyone's heart. Without them, the world would be flat and 43% more stressful. Hate/love them, you need them to fuel your life's guiltiest pleasures.
Here are the ten greatest reality stars. Take a look.
Tiffany "New York" Pollard, Flavor of Love –
"New York" pretended to enjoy licking the fried chicken grease off Flav's ashy golds long enough to become a trash TV icon. She's everything upcoming reality stars strive to be, and provided the blueprint for spin-off success.
Photo credit: Instagram
Tanisha, Bad Girls Club II –
This gigantic, filthy-mouthed, Brooklyn-bred bully was a cold piece of work who didn't give a crispy damn about anything. Ever. When the roommates weren't trying to poison her, she was poppin' off…about everything. BGC, Season 2? Classic.
Photo credit: Instagram
Stevie J, Love & Hip-Hop: ATL –
Steebie is the most sociopathic, manipulative and shamefully-entertaining reality show creep alive. Living trash TV legend.
Photo credit: Twitter
Nene Leakes, Real Housewives of ATL –
She's a shady 'ole moose-built hoodrat (with class) and we love her. Without Nene, RHOA isn't must-watch trash TV.
Dylan, Making The Band –
No one will ever spit hot fire like Dylan Dilinjah spit hot fire. Top 5 rappers of all-time? Dylan, Dylan, Dylan, DYLAN…and Dylan. In that order.
Ruthie, Real World: Hawaii –
She probably doesn't remember any of her Real World experience because she was wasted the entire season. Originator of the YOLO movement, Ruthie was always TURNT, and nearly died during the show.
Continue Slideshow
Tami Roman, Basketball Wives –
She's the messiest reality show villain whose legendary syllabic hoodrat handclap while screaming made her trash TV royalty.
Photo credit: Instagram
Stephen, Real World: Seattle –
He only made this list for open-hand slapping a white woman in public and gleefully skipping away without consequences. To this day, it's one of the surrealist (not really a word, but whatever) moments in Black history.
Coral, Real World: New York (and 73 other random Challenges Shows) –
She's the most combative, psychotic, thoroughly-entertaining Black woman in Real World history with the most reality show appearances in TV history. No seasons off.
Photo credit: Instagram
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Macklin pulls out after Moore shot
Matthew Macklin has pulled out of his middleweight clash with Jorge Sebastian Heiland in Dublin due to his lead trainer Jamie Moore being shot twice in the legs in Marbella.
British-born Macklin was looking to secure a fourth world title chance in what was billed as an official eliminator for the WBC crown at 160lbs.
However, the Irish favourite has postponed the bout, which would have taken place on August 30 at the National Stadium, after Moore's attack in Spain.
Matthew Macklin has had to delay his quest for the WBC crown
"I am disappointed to have to postpone my fight but in the light of the circumstances and the disruption to my preparation it is the right thing to do," said Macklin.
"Every fight at this stage in my career is of huge importance and being 100 per cent for the night is vital."
As a result of Macklin's withdrawal from the card, Matchroom has revealed the entire show has been scrapped until later in the year.
Macklin added: "We will make an announcement shortly on a new date and I look forward to fighting in Dublin in 2014."
Moore was reportedly shot at five times and hit twice, in the leg and hip over the weekend and is now in hospital.
He tweeted on Tuesday: "Thanks for all the well wishes. Overwhelmed. Gutted and confused about what happened, but thank God I'm ok. X.
''It's at times like this that you realise how well your (sic) thought of. I've had unbelievable support. Means a lot it really does. #BoxingFamily''.
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Tuesday, June 25, 2019 -
Sponsorship Objectives/Guidelines
Corporate Partnership Proposal Form
Mother's Against Concussions Launches
Youth Tackle Football Program Cancels 2018 Season
Retired NHLer Battles Concussions
Why college football player's death should terrify parents
Brain Injuries to Domestic Violence
Survive and Advance: Special Edition Guest Nick Boynton Former NHL Player Discusses NHL Treatment of Concussions
NFL legend Brett Favre would rather be remembered for ENDING youth tackle football than his Hall of Fame career if it means saving kids from the head traumas he endured for decades
Rugby: Concussions back in the limelight
NCAA Settles Lawsuit Over Death of Football Player From CTE
7 Symptoms Of A Concussion You Might Not Know To Look Out For
Dwight Clark, San Francisco 49ers receiver who made 'The Catch,' dies at 61
Jamal Lewis' story about a 2009 concussion – and suicidal thoughts – is frightening
Youth Football in the AGE of CTE
Father sues football helmet makers over son's CTE-related death
What If The NFL Were Regulated By OSHA?
8 Common Misconceptions About Concussions
Profar in concussion protocol after hard slide
"Concussions Crush Careers": Three heartbreaking stories of careers lost to the brain injury
Even milder concussions double dementia risk, UCSF study…
This Mother's Day, know the symptoms of concussion
The Tragic Diagnosis They Already Knew: Their Brother Died With C.T.E.
Domestic abuse is the new realm of concussion studies
No, My Son Won't Be Playing Football, and Here's Why
Concussions now a big part of retirement decisions
Second concussion in quick succession interrupts brain's ability to repair damage, finds study
Even mild concussions can increase dementia risks, study finds
It's Time For Action
Retired NFL star Leonard Marshall favors tackle football ban for kids
HS Football Player Debilitated by Head Injury Awarded $7.1M in Settlement Over Negligence Lawsuit
Concussions and conscience: Ex-Montana State, NFL star Corey Widmer rejects Hall induction to send message to moms
Johnsburg grad Fiedorowicz retires from NFL after suffering 3 concussions last season
Nearly half of Patriots on first 3 Super Bowl-winning teams report brain injuries
Hayley Wickenheiser to donate brain to concussion research
Former NFL star Mark Gastineau, 61, breaks down in tears on radio and says football destroyed his life as he now battles Alzheimer's and Parkinson's linked to hard tackles
America's Most Dangerous Football Is in the Pee-Wee Leagues, Not the NFL
Concussion lawsuit: Football coach called injured kids 'sissies' — pushed them to play
Football's Brain Injury Crisis Lands in Family Court
Concussions are serious, but would you let one ruin your Olympic dream?
NFL great Harry Carson's grandson wants to play football. Carson won't let him.
Brain injury in sports 'the civil rights issue of our time,' top researcher says
Consumer Reports warns parents not to take concussions lightly
Favre Speaks Out On Concussions In New Documentary
Brother of late football player who suffered from CTE pushes for changes to concussion training
California Court Of Appeal Gives Former 49ers NFL Player George Visger Pivotal "Win" Against Travelers Insurance
WPIAL football star turns down scholarship offers, citing concussion concerns
Major League Baseball and the concussion problem
Total NFL concussions diagnosed reached 271 in 2015
As Congress Probes Concussions, NFL Launches Campaign Cash Blitz
Concussions go well beyond the NFL
Penguins radio analyst Phil Bourque feeling the effects of his many concussions
Judge Approves Settlement in Head Injuries Suit Against N.C.A.A.
C.T.E. Is Found in an Ex-Giant Tyler Sash, Who Died at 27
Concussions force RedBlacks' Matt Carter to retire
Concussion Film Reveals Dire Need to Learn More About Traumatic Brain Injuries and Treatments That Work to Heal
7-year NFL veteran Domonique Foxworth saw 'Concussion' and it made him question everything
Brain of dead football player, 25, showed CTE damage after 10 concussions
Mike Ditka: Have Kids Play Golf Instead Of Football
What I learned from Concussion – NFL
'It's been devastating': former NFL players count the cost of concussion – George Visger
Concussion Expert: Over 90% of NFL Players Have Brain Disease | TIME – Omalu
Odell Beckham Jr. loses cool on ugly hit to Josh Norman's head
Pascrell Calls on ESPN to Combat Concussion Stigma and Admonish Analyst Comments
Why Is The NFL's Most Infamous Quack Still Involved In Its Concussion Program?
New report finds surprising brain damage in younger school athletes
MHSAA reveals 2% of 100,000 high school athletes had concussions in fall
Did League of Denial Get It Right?
Steve Montador's family sues NHL over concussions player suffered
Federal Judge Severs Claims Against Riddell in NFL Concussion Litigation
Jaguars WR Allen Hurns out with concussion
'Concussion' sheds light on sobering NFL story – Ben Utecht
Jon Cornish retiring at 31 should be another CFL concussion wake-up call
Former NFL Player Howie Long Reveals He's Experienced 'Some Head Trauma' Shortly After Frank Gifford CTE Claims
Youth soccer players won't be allowed headers, to prevent concussions
Handling of Case Keenum's Concussion Raises Questions
Lawyers: NFL concussion deal excludes central brain injury
Minnesota doctors call for removal of football from public schools
CONCERN OVER CONCUSSIONS: Heart of mom who lost son goes out to Nava family
How to Prevent Concussions
It may already be too late for some players – John O'Neill
Football and the Brain
Rashean Mathis' season over due to brain injury; future uncertain
The hidden dangers of concussions: Many suffering are unaware
High School Athletes Keep Dying From Concussions — So Why Do We Keep Letting Them Play? – MTV
NFL rookie on career-ending concussion: 'I thought I was seeing the white gates'
'Concussion': Bennet Omalu on NFL Reaction
Chris Borland's New Life As Football's 'Most Dangerous Man'
Kansas high school senior brain dead after football game collapse
Obituary: At 63, struggle with dementia ends for ex-Viking Fred McNeill
9-Year-Old Youth Football Player Dies After Collapsing During Practice
It may already be too late for some players – John O'Neill
The impact of concussions in soccer
Kids and Concussions
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All posts tagged 'death'
Why college football player's death should terrify parents
June 29, 2018 - 8:02 AM
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The Death of Evan Murray
September 30, 2015 - 9:51 PM
Source: The Death of Evan Murray «


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Ode to the Street Urchins
I sat down, pulled out my camera and notepad and waited for the fun to begin.
Warming up the crowd for the keynote speaker, Martin passionately railed against the Harper government. Surprisingly, he showed some unusual restraint and refrained from using profanity during his speech. Given his prior childish behavior, it came as quite a shock to me to see this petition on his own party's Web site.
Mulcair spoke for approximately 15 minutes. Of course, he praised the Manitoba NDP government, saying "you've got to be the model for our breakthrough."
Mulcair raised an important point about not enough Canadians casting a ballot in the last federal election. Rather than put the blame on people like the renegade MP seated to his right, however, he had the nerve to suggest that it is the National Post and Sun Media's "attacks" on the NDP that turns voters away.


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Barebacking in the Gay Community
The term barebacking generally refers to gay men engaging in unprotected anal intercourse. Barebacking has both its benefits and its drawbacks:
The benefits of barebacking:
Barebacking simply feels better, it's more enjoyable and more pleasurable, than protected anal intercourse.
Barebacking leads to greater intimacy between men during intercourse.
Barebacking is more spontaneous than protected sex. There is no need to bother with using condoms.
Barebacking is less expensive than having protected intercourse. Using condoms can be expensive, especially if you are on a limited income.
If both men are not infected with HIV, nor any other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), barebacking is 100% safe from infectious diseases. In this case, barebacking falls under the category of "safe sex."
Barebacking can sometimes promote monogamy. If two men are monogamous and uninfected, the ability to safely bareback gives them an incentive to stay monogamous with one another. Barebacking also strengthens the emotional ties between a gay couple.
The drawbacks of barebacking:
If you bareback with a person who is infected with HIV or another STD (even if they do not have any noticeable symptoms), you can become infected and get sick from these diseases. Getting sick from HIV/AIDS and other STDs is not a pleasant experience!
If you bareback with a person who is infected with HIV or another potentially fatal STD (such as hepatitis B), you can die from these diseases.
If you are infected with HIV or another STD, and you bareback, you can infect other people (including those you care the most about, such as your lover and your friends).
Why do gay men bareback, despite the possible risks? There are many reasons for this, including:
Some men no longer fear HIV/AIDS. Some men think that if you just take a few pills everyday (i.e., taking HIV medications), HIV/AIDS is not a problem, it is fully manageable, and it is easy to live with. But talk to many people who have HIV/AIDS and they will tell you a very different story!
Some men live only for today, and don't think about the future. Some men think that they need to do everything they can in their life now, since they don't expect to live very long.
Some men are dealing with low self-esteem issues. They don't think that their health, or their life, is worth protecting. Low self-esteem is common in the gay community, and is often related to the way that society treats gay men.
For some men, they believe that "if it feels good, do it." Some men are willing to take their chances, and the consequences.
Some men who are already HIV positive think that they no longer need to use condoms, and are unaware of the health consequences of HIV reinfection and the risks of other STDs.
Some men are in denial that they will ever get infected with HIV or any other STD.
Some men simply enjoy barebacking better, and think that barebacking is worth the risk. Some men prefer the "skin-to-skin contact," regardless of the risk.
Some men simply hate using condoms. Men complain about condoms giving them less sensation, and they also complain that they are more likely to lose their erections while using condoms. Some men also find putting on condoms to be a hassle. A common complaint is that condoms interfere with sex play.
Some men hear that "everyone else" is barebacking these days, so they are willing to do it too.
When someone is drunk or high on drugs or alcohol, he is more likely to bareback. The overall rates of drug and alcohol use (and abuse) are high in the gay community.
Some men are totally unaware of the risks of STDs other than HIV. Although a lot of effort had previously been taken to educate gay men about HIV, almost no effort has been made to educate gay men about other STDs. Besides HIV, other STDs that can be transmitted through barebacking include gonorrhea, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, genital/anal warts, herpes, syphilis and others. Some of these STDs are incurable (like herpes and genital/anal warts), and some are potentially fatal (like hepatitis B and hepatitis C).
Some men are so sick of hearing about HIV/AIDS, that they just ignore the whole issue.
For some men, if their partner does not bring up the subject of HIV or other STDs, they will just assume that their partner is not infected, and that barebacking would be safe. Some men think that, "if he were positive, he would tell me." This is a dangerous assumption to make, since some men with HIV, or other STDs, will not tell their partner ahead of time that they are infected. This is often due to the fear of rejection, embarrassment, denial, and other reasons.
Some men are more likely to bareback with their lovers, or other guys they personally know. Barebacking is used as a way to show intimacy, sharing, and caring between men. The exchange of semen is seen as a way to emotionally bind two men together. Condoms are sometimes seen as a barrier to intimacy.
If a man is not worried about getting HIV, chances are very good he isn't worried about getting other STDs either.
Some men get completely caught up in the "heat of the moment" and end up having unprotected sex, even though they weren't planning to bareback. Sometimes when a man gets in the mood, his sexual desires overtake his rational thinking.
Some men will bareback as long as they are the top partner. There is a common myth that only the bottom partner can get infected during anal intercourse, and that it's safe to bareback as the top partner. This is not true. In reality, when having intercourse with a person who has HIV or another STD, the top partner is at high risk, and the bottom partner is at even higher risk. Note that neither partner is at low risk of infection.
In young gay men specifically, they have not experienced the loss, devastation, and death of their lovers and friends (caused by AIDS), that many older gay men have endured. Therefore, younger gay men are less scared of HIV/AIDS, and therefore, are less likely to protect themselves from HIV infection.
Even among older gay men, safer sex rates are starting to decrease, and barebacking is on the increase. This is because, realistically, it's difficult for men to use condoms every time they have sex with every partner over a prolonged period of time (months, years, or even a lifetime). Telling a man to use condoms with every single partner, every single time he has sex, for the rest of his life, is a major challenge (and for some men, a very unrealistic goal). Unless there is ongoing education and intervention, it is not surprising if men use condoms less and less as time goes on.
It has been suggested that barebacking is a form of rebellion. Gay men hear over and over that they "have to" use condoms. For some men, barebacking is their way of rebelling against "the establishment" telling them what they can, and cannot do.
A guy may bareback if his partner tells him that he has tested negative for HIV. But this does not necessarily mean that barebacking is safe. First of all, since it takes an average of three months for an HIV test to accurately show if someone's HIV positive (and it can take up to six months for some people), a negative test does not always mean that a person is not infected (if they got tested before three months). Also, if a guy who has tested HIV negative has put himself at risk again (even one time), his negative test result would no longer be valid, and he would need to be tested all over again. In addition, some men who have not been tested for HIV recently (or who have never been tested for HIV at all) will tell other men that they tested negative, as a way to get other guys to bareback with them (in other words, as a "pick-up line"). Finally, even if a guy is not infected with HIV, he may still be infected with other STDs. Barebacking would only be safe if a man tests negative for both HIV and other STDs, three months and, just to be sure, at six months or more after his last possible exposure to these diseases.
There are even a small number of men who are purposely going out to get themselves infected with HIV. These men are known as "bug chasers" (see below).
Although much less common, there are some HIV-negative men who willingly bareback with other men who they know are HIV positive (even when they know the risks). There are many reasons for this including:
Some men like to "live life on the edge," and get pleasure out of taking their chances. You can say that these men are "sexual daredevils."
If a guy's boyfriend is HIV positive, he is sometimes willing to bareback with his boyfriend as a way of demonstrating his love, even though he knows that he can become infected himself.
Some men do not mind getting infected, as long as they get infected only from their boyfriend. They see HIV as a special way to further bond their relationship with their lover.
HIV-positive men often have their own social circles and friendships. Some men allow themselves to get infected in order to get into these social circles. Being HIV positive can give some men a "sense of belonging." Some HIV-negative men have also commented that "people with HIV get all the attention, so why am I missing out?"
Being positive sometimes brings with it an increase in social services and benefits (housing, food, public assistance, etc.). A person who is HIV positive sometimes qualifies for more social services than someone who is not infected.
Some men simply do not care whether they get infected or not.
Some men think that if they get infected, they will no longer need to use condoms (not knowing about the problems associated with HIV reinfection, or other STDs).
Some gay men are fatalistic. Some of them think that getting HIV is inevitable, so they do not try to avoid it. Some men feel that trying to stay HIV negative is too stressful, and ultimately allow themselves to get infected in order to "just get it over with." There are even some men who think that AIDS is "just part of being gay."
There are several slang terms you may sometimes hear related to barebacking:
Barebacking parties = group sex parties where condoms are not allowed to be used. There are different types of barebacking parties:
all positive barebacking parties (where everyone at the party is HIV positive)
all negative barebacking parties (where everyone is supposedly HIV negative)
Conversion parties (see below)
Russian Roulette parties (see below)
Bug chasers = men looking to get themselves infected with HIV.
Gift givers = men with HIV who are willing to infect bug chasers.
The gift = HIV
Conversion parties = group sex parties where bug chasers allow themselves to get infected by gift givers.
Russian Roulette parties = barebacking parties with both positive and negative men. Negative men take their chances that they will be infected when having sex with the positive men there. Depending on the circumstances, the participants may or may not know ahead of time who is positive and who is negative.
Bug brothers = a group of positive men.
Charged cum or poz cum = semen from an HIV-positive man.
Fuck of death = intercourse where HIV infection takes place.
There are even websites dedicated to barebacking. Some of those sites are shown below. WARNING: These are adult-oriented sites and should only be viewed by adults who are not offended by graphic sexual materials.
Bareback Jack's
My Bareback Blog
In summary:
With the recent increase in barebacking, we can expect to see an increase in the rates of HIV and other STDs. In fact, we are already seeing an increase in the rate of gonorrhea specifically among gay men (although the overall rate is going down in other population groups). In addition, with the increase in barebacking, we are now also expecting to see a second wave of HIV infections in the gay community, unless interventions are quickly taken to prevent this from occurring.
Barebacking is an extremely controversial and complicated issue, especially since it is dealing with human behavior. Not all gay men engage in barebacking. Many gay men use condoms every time they have anal sex with every partner. But some gay men prefer to have unprotected anal sex and they are willing to take the risks.
For some gay men, the benefits of unprotected anal intercourse (intimacy, pleasure, etc.) outweigh the risks (HIV and other STDs). On the other hand, if two gay men have unprotected anal intercourse, and neither of them is infected with HIV, nor any other STD, then barebacking would be completely safe as far as infectious diseases are concerned. But if either partner has HIV or another STD, then there are significant risks of infection for these diseases through barebacking. Future HIV and STD prevention efforts targeted toward the gay community must incorporate the issue of barebacking.
Do you want more information on HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases or safer sex? Contact the U.S. Centers for Disease Control health line, open 24 hours a day, seven days a week, at 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636). Or visit The Body's Safe Sex and Prevention Forum. Or browse through The Body's articles on HIV prevention and on gay men and HIV prevention.
Until next time . . . Work hard, play hard, play safe, stay sober!


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Listed within this section are some of the greatest ships in the history of the Royal Navy.
The term His or Her Majestie's Ship (HMS) only entered usage around 1660 under King Charles II's reign. Prior to then the term King's or Queen's Ship was used instead.
The eight Ships in this section cover the progression from sail, to coal fired, oil fired and finally the nuclear age. Most of the articles contain links to pages on the Captains and major Battles each Ship was involved in.