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COLUMBUS, Ga. – The West No. 4-seed Georgia College (17-10) led its Peach Belt Conference (PBC) Quarterfinal bout with East No. 1-seed Armstrong Atlantic State University (19-7) nearly the entire 40 minutes, picking up an 84-67 victory Thursday.
The Bobcats now advance to the PBC Semifinals to take on the winner of the University of North Georgia and USC Aiken. Head coach Maurice Smith is now 4-0 in PBC Tournament games.
Junior All-PBC Second Team guard Enisha Donley (Loganville, Ga.) nabbed her first double-double of the season with 25 points and 13 rebounds, hitting 7-of-10 from the line and 9-of-15 from the floor.
Classmate and fellow All-PBC Second Teamer Shanteona Keys (Roswell, Ga.) joined her in 20-plus scoring at 22 points, knocking down three from long range. Senor Brandi McKinney (Cincinnati) made the most of her first PBC Tournament game, netting 18 points with seven rebounds and a team-best five assists.
Freshman LaRice Walker (Franklin, Ga.) added nine points and four assists without a single turnover in some key bench minutes.
The Bobcats held the Pirates to just 38 percent shooting (25-66), well under the team's season average of 42 percent. Georgia College also turned Armstrong over 18 times, while giving it up just 12.
The Pirates had just one lead at 27-25 with 5:49 left in the first half. The Bobcats took it right back on the next possession, a three-point play by McKinney. The lead was in double-digits for Georgia College for the final 7:19 of the ballgame.
Armstrong was led by 21 points from PBC Freshman of the Year and All-PBC Second Team pick Brigitta Barta off the bench. All-PBC Second Team forward Bryonna Davis added another 20 points. Tyler Carlson hit for 14 points as well.
The Bobcats are back in action Saturday, March 8 at 2 p.m. in the PBC Semifinals against either North Georgia or USC Aiken.
The Georgia College Department of Athletics, two-time winners of the PBC Commissioner's Cup, sponsors 11 varsity athletic programs at the NCAA Division II level. As a Division II program, Bobcat Athletics prides itself on balancing the life of the student-athlete, evidenced by the teams' multiple appearances in post-season competition as well as documented academic success and community-service involvement. Sign up at @GCBobcats on Twitter and Facebook for up-to-the-minute reports, and visit GCBobcats.PhotoReflect.com to purchase photo prints from home athletic contests.


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Jump to navigation Jump to search
Fudge is a human power describing whimsy but the term can just as easily be used to describe any half assed solution to any given problem in the BrikVerse. More than mere hand-waving, however, Fudge, when properly employed (which usually means as long as no one is paying attention), has the power to bypass any known bureaucracy or physical barrier in the known verse. What's more, it has been known to cause spontaneous teleportation, surreptitious resurrection, sudden gains or depletion in weapons, equipment, tactical advantages, or personnel, and dozens of other freak, unexplained occurrences. The only constant about the Force of Fudge is that it always leaves someone in a better position than they were before.

subset: commoncrawl


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Beta Alpha Psi (BAP), the accounting honor society at Portland State University (PSU), created a student-run technical journal of accountancy, and also implemented a career workshop for all interested Portland area high school students, which included job shadowing days and a $2,000 scholarship opportunity. The PSU Epsilon Alpha Chapter took first place honors for these programs in two out of three Best Practices competitions at the Northwest Regional Meeting in Spokane, WA, on April 13, 2013. The PSU BAP officers will now attend the Annual Meeting in Anaheim, CA, on August 8 to 10, 2013, to compete for national Beta Alpha Psi honors.
In the Imagination competition, PSU's chapter of Beta Alpha Psi bolstered the writing and communication skills of its members by creating and sustaining an academic accounting journal, produced and written by PSU accounting majors. The PSU BAP Journal offers valuable information about multiple career paths in accountancy, shares interviews with professionals and teachers, and exposes students to subjects such as technical taxation, auditing, and financial accounting. Intentionally emulating several highly regarded student law journals, the PSU BAP Journal also provides analysis of accounting issues for reference by the greater community. The journal's articles are edited by local experts, and the entire process helps students forge greater connections with local professionals in the accounting and finance fields.
For the Inspiration competition, a group of eight PSU BAP Epsilon Alpha Chapter students designed a 90-minute presentation on career opportunities in accounting and delivered it to underserved high school students. By enlisting the help of Jeanne Yerkovich, Career Pathways Program Manager for Portland Public Schools, word spread throughout the 12 high schools in the Portland School District to recruit attendants. The PSU BAP team differentiated their program from the rest of the competition by securing job shadowing days for these teens, thereby connecting them with local accounting firms. The final piece was to work closely with Brian Federico, director of development for the School of Business, to build the framework for a BAP branded $2,000 scholarship fund to be awarded to one of the high school participants.
Both competition entries received high praise and top honors for their innovation and effectiveness from judges and from other Northwest chapters of Beta Alpha Psi.
For more information about PSU BAP's projects, or to donate to the scholarship fund, please visit www.betaalphapsi.pdx.edu.


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Randomized Study of Pessary Versus Standard Management in Women With Increased Chance of Premature Birth
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00735137
Recruitment Status : Unknown
Verified November 2009 by King's College Hospital NHS Trust.
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
First Posted : August 14, 2008
Last Update Posted : November 3, 2009
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Condition or disease
|Preterm Birth
|Device: Vaginal pessary (CE0482, MED/CERT ISO 9003 / EN 46003)
|Phase 3
Prematurity is responsible for more than half of all neonatal deaths and whilst advances in neonatal care have dramatically improved survival of extremely premature infants, there remains a significant risk of handicap and disability in survivors and an associated social and economic burden.
In singleton pregnancies the rate of spontaneous premature birth before 34 weeks is about 1% and the risk of spontaneous early delivery is inversely related to cervical length. The group with cervix of 1-15 mm accounted for 28% of all spontaneous deliveries before 34 weeks and those with cervix of 16-25 mm accounted for 21%. The rate of spontaneous premature birth before 34 weeks is about 13% in twin pregnancies.
Potential methods for the prevention of preterm delivery include bed rest, cervical cerclage and prophylactic administration of progesterone. The prophylactic administration of progesterone beginning in mid-gestation to women who previously had a premature birth and in those with a short cervix has been shown to reduce the rate of spontaneous preterm birth before 34 weeks. On the other hand, randomized studies reported that, in twin pregnancies, bed rest was associated with a significant increase, rather than decrease, in the rate of early preterm delivery.
There is some evidence that the rate of premature birth can be dramatically reduced by the insertion of a vaginal pessary (cerclage pessary, CE0482, MED/CERT ISO 9003 / EN 46003).
This will be a multicenter trial in the UK and other countries. During routine ultrasound scan at 20-24 weeks of gestation for examination of fetal anatomy and growth, all women with twin pregnancy or with singleton pregnancy found to have a cervix of <25 mm in length and where the fetuses are found to be alive with no major abnormalities, severe twin to twin transfusion syndrome or severe fetal growth restriction in one of the fetuses (in the case of twin pregnancy), will be invited to participate in a randomized trial of standard management vs vaginal insertion of a cerclage pessary. For singleton pregnancy, in both arms the patients with cervical length <15 mm will be given prophylactic progesterone (200 mg vaginal capsule per night up to 34 weeks). Randomization and insertion of the pessary (in those allocated to this group) will be carried out within 5 days after the 20-24 weeks scan.
The pessary will be removed by a simple vaginal examination at 37 weeks or earlier before medically indicated preterm induction of labor or elective cesarean section. The pessary will also be removed in women in preterm labor not responding to tocolytic therapy. In monochorionic twins some obstetricians advise that delivery is carried out at around 36 weeks.
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Estimated Enrollment :
|2780 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Randomized Study of Pessary vs Standard Management in Women With Increased Chance of Premature Birth
|Study Start Date :
|August 2008
|Estimated Primary Completion Date :
|October 2011
|Estimated Study Completion Date :
|February 2012
No Intervention: A
Expectant management in twin pregnancy
Experimental: B
Vaginal pessary treatment in twin pregnancy
Device: Vaginal pessary (CE0482, MED/CERT ISO 9003 / EN 46003)
Inserted from randomization till 36-37 weeks of gestation
Other Name: Vaginal pessary, CE0482, MED/CERT ISO 9003 / EN 46003
No Intervention: C
Expectant management in singleton pregnancy with short cervix
Experimental: D
Vaginal pessary treatment in singleton pregnancy with short cervix
Device: Vaginal pessary (CE0482, MED/CERT ISO 9003 / EN 46003)
Inserted from randomization till 36-37 weeks of gestation
Other Name: Vaginal pessary, CE0482, MED/CERT ISO 9003 / EN 46003
- The primary outcome measure will be spontaneous delivery from randomization to 33 weeks and 6 days (237 days) of gestation. [ Time Frame: 10 weeks ]
- Low birth weight; Fetal or neonatal death; Major adverse outcomes (IVH, RDS, retinopathy of prematurity or necrotizing enterocolitis); Need for neonatal special care (ventilation, phototherapy, treatment for sepsis, blood transfusion) [ Time Frame: Within the first year ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|16 Years to 45 Years (Child, Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Women with singleton pregnancies and with a cervical length of 25 mm or less
- Women with twin pregnancies
Exclusion Criteria:
- Major fetal abnormalities (defined as those that are lethal or require prenatal or postnatal surgery), fetal death, severe twin to twin transfusion syndrome or severe fetal growth restriction in one of the fetuses (in the case of twin pregnancy) diagnosed before randomization.
- Painful regular uterine contractions, history of ruptured membranes, or prophylactic cerclage before randomization.
- Patients who are unconscious, severely ill, mentally handicapped or under the age of 16 years.
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00735137
|Contact: Kypros Nicolaides, Professor
|+442032999000 ext 8256
|Medical University of Vienna-department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|Vienna, Austria, 1090
|Contact: Katharina Klein, Consultant email@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Christoff Worda, Consultant
|Sub-Investigator: Katharina Klein, Consultant
|Sub-Investigator: Mariella Mailath-Pokorny, Consultant
|Sub-Investigator: Armin Witt, Consultant
|Universidade Federal Fluminense - Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro
|Not yet recruiting
|Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24033-900
|Contact: Luciana de Barros Duarte, Professor email@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Luciana de Barros Duarte, Professor
|University of Campinas
|Not yet recruiting
|Sao Paulo, Brazil
|Contact: Cleisson Fabio Andrioli Peralta, Consultant firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Cleisson Fabio Andrioli Peralta, Consultant
|Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile
|Santiago, Chile
|Contact: Mauro Parra, Consultant firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Mauro Parra, Consultant
|Hospital San Jose
|Not yet recruiting
|Bogota, Colombia
|Contact: Jose Luis Rojas, Consultant
|Principal Investigator: Jose Luis Rojas, Consultant
|Sub-Investigator: Edgar Acuna, Consultant
|Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl
|Medellin, Colombia
|Contact: Juan Guillermo Londono, Consultant
|Principal Investigator: Juan Guillermo Londono, Consultant
|Sub-Investigator: Diana Jaramillo, Consultant
|Virchow Clinic Charite
|Berlin, Germany
|Contact: Ilka Fuchs, Consultant firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Ilka Fuchs, Consultant
|Hong Kong
|Chinese University of Hong Kong
|Hong Kong, Hong Kong
|Contact: TK Lau, Consultant firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: TK Lau, Consultant
|Fernandez Hospital, Bogulkunta,
|Not yet recruiting
|Bogulkunta, India, 500001
|Contact: Suseela Vavilala, Consultant firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Suseela Vavilala, Consultant
|Ospedale Valduce
|Como, Lombardy, Italy, 22100
|Contact: Roberto Conturso, Consultant firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Roberto Conturso, Consultant
|Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa
|Not yet recruiting
|Lisbon, Portugal
|Contact: Teresinha Simoes, Consultant firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Teresinha Simoes, Consultant
|Hospital San Teotonio
|Viseu, Portugal
|Contact: Susana Luisa Pereira, Consultant email@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Susana Louisa Pereira, Consultant
|Sub-Investigator: James Anderson, R.Fellow
|University Medical Centre Ljubljana
|Ljubljana, Slovenia
|Contact: Natasa Tul, Consultant firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Natasa Tul, Consultant
|Sub-Investigator: Natasa Vrhkar, Consultant
|Sub-Investigator: Marusa Strgulc, Consultant
|Hospital Universitario Materno Infantil de Canarias
|Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Islas Canarias, Spain, 35016
|Contact: Walter Plasencia Acevedo, Consultant firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Walter Plasencia Acevedo, Consultant
|Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves
|Granada, Spain, 18014
|Contact: Francisca S Molina Garcia, Consultant email@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Francisca S Molina Garcia, Consultant
|Sub-Investigator: Rodrigo Terra, R.Fellow
|Virgen de La Arrixaca
|Murcia, Spain
|Contact: Catalina De Paco, Consultant email@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Catalina De Paco, Consultant
|United Kingdom
|Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals, Wexham Park Hospital
|Slough, Berkshire, United Kingdom, SL2 4HL
|Contact: Shaku Kalla, Consultant firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Shaku Kall, Consultant
|Sub-Investigator: Esperanza Gonzalez, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Gemma Picciarelli, R.Fellow
|Barking, Havering and Redbridge Hospitals NHS Trust
|Romford, Essex, United Kingdom, RM7 0AG
|Contact: Chineze Otigbah, MRCOG +441708435566 firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Chineze Otigbah, MRCOG
|Southend Hospital NHS Trust
|Essex, United Kingdom, SS0 0RY
|Contact: Narayanaswamy V Raman, MRCOG +441702435555 firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Narayanaswamy V Raman, MRCOG
|Sub-Investigator: Ebru Celik, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Mara Mitrea, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Evdoxia Skyfta, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Jesus Rodriguez, R.Fellow
|The Medway Maritime Hospital NHS Trust
|Kent, United Kingdom, ME7 5NY
|Contact: Nikos Kametas, MRCOG +441634830000 ext 5115 email@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Nikos Kametas, MRCOG
|Sub-Investigator: Ebru Celik, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Esperanza Gonzalez, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Gemma Picciarelli, R.Fellow
|University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
|Not yet recruiting
|London, United Kingdom, NW1 2BU
|Contact: Pranav Pandya, MRCOG +448451555000 ext 8727 firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Pranav Pandya, MRCOG
|The Lewisham Hospital NHS Trust
|London, United Kingdom, SE13 6LH
|Contact: Ashis Sau, MRCOG +442083333182 firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Ashis Sau, MRCOG
|Sub-Investigator: Ebru Celik, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Antonio Leal, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Rodrigo Terra, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Catalina Valencia, R.Fellow
|Queen Elizabeth Hospital NHS Trust
|London, United Kingdom, SE18 4QH
|Contact: Vadivu Palanappian, MRCOG +442088366000 email@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Vadivu Palanappian, MRCOG
|Sub-Investigator: Ebru Celik, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Antonio Leal, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Evdoxia Skyfta, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Jesus Rodriguez, R.Fellow
|King's College Hospital NHS Trust
|London, United Kingdom, SE5 9RS
|Contact: Kypros Nicolaides, Professor +442032999000 ext 8456 firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Kypros Nicolaides, Professor
|Sub-Investigator: Leona Poon, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Catalina Valencia, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Ebru Celik, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Antonio Leal, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: James M Anderson, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Esperanza Gonzalez, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Gemma Picciarelli, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Evdoxia Skyfta, R.Fellow
|Sub-Investigator: Jesus Rodriguez, R.Fellow
|Study Director:
|Kypros H Nicolaides, Professor
|Consultant,Director of the Department of Fetal Medicine
|Responsible Party:
|Kypros Nicolaides, King's College Hospital NHS Trust
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00735137 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|August 14, 2008 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|November 3, 2009
|Last Verified:
|November 2009
Keywords provided by King's College Hospital NHS Trust:
Short cervix
Preterm birth
Vaginal pessary
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Premature Birth
Obstetric Labor, Premature
Obstetric Labor Complications
Pregnancy Complications


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Here's a look at the new costumization options available in Borderlands 2. Each set is available for 80 Microsoft Points or $0.99 / £0.75 / 0,99€ for the Xbox 360 and PS3/PC, respectively (separate from the Season Pass). You can find a shot of the "Madness" set below.
A Flood of New Borderlands 2 Heads and Skins Available, Deck Your Characters Out Today! [2K Games Blog]


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Search recently posted home health aide job listings to find a position that fits your schedule
Demand for health care in Florida is strong. Positions are available for qualified home health aides in Florida cities
About Home Health Aides
Home health aides provide personalized care and treatment for elderly or injured patients suffering from various diseases and conditions. The name for home health aides reflects the fact that their services are performed in the patient's home.
Many elderly people prefer in-home care from someone who they feel comfortable with. Hospitals are usually large and over-crowded which can make some patients feel uncomfortable.
Home Health Aide Employment
Many people find home health aide employment opportunities by referral, but they can also find job openings through traditional methods. Our home health aide job listings come from private employers, staffing agencies, health care recruiters and job search engines. Since working as a home health care provider is a very personal job it is important to find a good fit for both parties involved.
Home Health Aide Jobs in Florida
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Florida Health Care Jobs
Find other health care employment
Florida Practical Nursing Jobs
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Florida Nursing Assistant Jobs
Home Health Aide Jobs by State


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I'm so excited and looking forward to
RootsTech 2012 - February 2 - 4, 2012!
Did you miss the first RootsTech event earlier this year? It was a fantastic learning experience for over 3,000 attendees and full of fun activities for everyone, so don't miss out this time! I have attended many genealogy conferences over the years and you just can't beat this one for content, excitement, and cost. Besides, you will be right by the Family History Library in downtown Salt Lake City and you will can do all that deep searching you have wanted to do.
I had many LOCAL genealogy friends right here along the Wasatch Front in Utah that didn't attend. When I asked them "why" the number one response was that they figured it world be "over their heads" and they just didn't know enough. Well, that is EXACTLY WHY YOU DO WANT TO ATTEND. There are classes and activities available for everyone -- even if you are just a beginner working on your own family history or you are a programming techie! Don't hesitate. Register now while the Early Registration is open.
Early Bird Registration is under way for $129 and will continue until November 30, 2011.
I'm also really exciting as I have been asked to be an official RootsTech Blogger again! A little hint to self --"Don't donate blood the day before the event!". Yes, I did that last year and became very anemic and struggled trying to get my posts out. So this year, I'm taking my vitamins and staying away from the blood donation sites!
|This is the one conference you don't want to miss!
Work on your research right inside the conference.
|Take a break and enjoy some time with other attendees.
|Take advantage of all the learning opportunities!


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OverviewSisko Theme is a clean and minimal Tumblr theme, with enough versatility to work as a blog, inspiration board, or personal portfolio. The theme includes a responsive masonry style layout with infinite scrolling. The design is minimal and easy on the eyes. It also features over 45 customization options so you can make Sisko Theme your own.
Theme Features
- Fully Responsive Layout
- Supports All Post Types
- Masonry Layout
- Infinite Scrolling
- Supports High Resolution Screens
- Disqus Comments
- 45+ Customization Options
- Dribble, Twitter and Instagram Feeds
- Google Analytics
- Supports All Major Browsers
- Detailed Documentation
- Friendly Support!


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Calligraphy and seal cutting are both traditional art of Chinese characters. Seal cutting not only involves calligraphic designs, but also the act of carving. A valuable Chinese scroll painting of various calligraphy seals, which displays the traditional Chinese art of calligraphy and seal cutting at the same time.
It is regarded as a representation of the style and school of the owner. This Chinese scroll painting of 28 calligraphy seals has great value of admiration and collection.
0 items


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at Poulton Library every week
All pre-school children and their parents or carers are welcome to join us. We'll be reading from the best and brightest and most funny picture books in the library for your kids to enjoy and to inspire them to find books and reading fun!
You might also be interested in…
many of our libraries also hold regular Toddler Rhyme Time sing-along sessions and Baby Bounce and Rhyme


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The clock is ticking on Broncos left tackle Ryan Clady and every other player who was slapped with the franchise tag for 2013.
If a long-term deal isn't done by July 15, no long-term deal can be negotiated with the player's current team until after the 2013 regular season ends.
Two of the franchise players have not signed their one-year franchise tenders: Broncos left tackle Ryan Clady and Bills safety Jairus Byrd. As to Clady, a source with knowledge of the situation tells PFT that the two sides exchanged proposals last month, and that the Broncos are expected to make a new offer next week.
Yes, that will be cutting it close. But as we've seen time and again, the NFL is driven by deadlines.
In this specific case, the deadline takes a back seat to the player's health. As Broncos executive V.P. of football operations John Elway told Pro Football Talk on NBCSN at the Scouting Combine, the Broncos want to see how Clady recovers from offseason shoulder surgery until making a long-term commitment.
"I think we'll wait and see how that comes out," Elway said at the time. "Obviously we don't want to jump right in because that's always, especially for a tackle, those shoulders are always tough and we'll see how he comes out of it. But we don't anticipate any problems with that. My understanding is the surgery went well and our training crew says that things look good so we don't anticipate any problems but we'll see how he comes out of it."
Absent a long-term deal, Clady could choose to boycott training camp and the preseason, showing up only a few days before the regular-season opener and collecting the full amount of the $9.66 million franchise tender.


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|This looked cooler in person
|Big cat tracks...here he jumped about 8 feet. I followed the tracks for quite a while. No belly drag marks in ~12" of snow.
|1000ft climb
|Looking down at where I went off the jeep road in to Arapaho National Forest
|Two sets of tracks. Mine from 3 hours before turn left off the jeep track and mine again finishing the loop
|A balmy 20 at the finish


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South Dakota News
Central region
Be an Advocate
As legislatures convene in Oklahoma and South Dakota, AARP is inviting its members to get involved as legislative advocates.
In Oklahoma, AARP is offering training for new volunteers before its annual legislative breakfast in March. Among the breakfast guests will be volunteers who in 2011 successfully advocated for passage of a bill to strengthen oversight of long-term care administrators. For more information or to sign up, email email@example.com.
In South Dakota, AARP Lobby Day is scheduled for Jan. 31, giving volunteers a chance to meet with legislators a few weeks after the session begins. To learn more about the event and South Dakota issues, go to aarp.org/sd.
Join the Discussion0 | Add Yours
Please leave your comment below.
You must be logged in to leave a comment.


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Rearview mirror with lighting assembly
A rearview mirror with lighting assembly for use in a vehicle, has a molded case adapted to support lights for illuminating portions of the vehicle interior, to support electrical switches, wiring, and electrical connectors, to support optical lenses for directing light, and to support a mirror element. The case includes ventilation around the lenses, past the lights, and out of the case for dissipating heat from the lighting. The electrical switches and connectors are mounted into the case. A preferred light arrangement provides illumination of areas below and outwardly of the case ends with targeted lighting areas in the lap areas of persons seated in the front seats of the vehicle, without allowing light to be directed toward the vehicle windshield or instrument panel to cause glare. A resilient sealing material is adhered to the back of the lens element for sealing with the case to prevent or minimize the emission of uncontrolled, stray light from the case. The sealing material is preferably adhered to the mirror element by an adhesive carrier layer which preferably also provides an antiscatter function for the mirror element in the event of breakage.
Latest Donnelly Corporation Patents:
The present invention relates to rearview mirror assemblies for vehicles and, more particularly, to a case assembly for a rearview mirror which provides lighting for illuminating selected portions of a vehicle interior and which includes controls for providing such illumination, mounted on the front of the assembly.
Various types of rearview mirror assemblies which provide lighting have been used in the past. One such structure includes a housing secured to the back of a rearview mirror case and having a pair of light assemblies mounted on the housing for insertion into the case, through openings in the case back, so that light is directed downward from the spaced lights. The lighting provided by the structure was appropriate for low level interior courtesy lighting for the front passenger area of a vehicle. However, the housing of this prior mirror assembly wrapped around the case back to the bottom of the case and was, in part, visible by the driver of the vehicle. Moreover, adaptability of this assembly to sophisticated vehicle interior designs was limited.
Subsequent rearview mirror assemblies including lighting as an integral part of the assembly have been developed. Such development commonly involved inserting a miniature lamp assembly into a standard mirror case which had been minimally modified to increase interior volume as required for the lamp assembly. Many such assemblies have developed overheating problems and are commonly expensive devices with fragile control wiring. A common practice for providing electrical current to such prior illuminating mirror assemblies commonly involved a wire raceway extending out of the mirror case for connection with the vehicle electrical power circuit. These wire raceways which extend from the mirror case are subject to twisting and tension, each of which tend to wear and break the raceway and transmit stress to wiring inside the case. Further, the wiring inside the mirror case has commonly employed slip fit connectors at each electrical component. Such connectors are often subject to disconnection because of vibration and other causes, inherent in a vehicle environment.
Such prior assemblies are also commonly susceptible to the development of glare in the mirror element, on the vehicle windshield, and on the vehicle instrument panel, because of the emission of stray or uncontrolled light. As may be well appreciated, such glare creates a safety hazard. In a passenger compartment of a vehicle, it is desirable to minimize, if not eliminate, glare reflecting from the windshield or the instrument panel. Thus, a primary consideration in the design of an illuminating mirror assembly is the containment and direction of light generally away from the windshield and dash areas and toward the laps of the passengers, where the lighting will be most useful.
The present invention was conceived as a solution for and an improvement over the above and other design limitations of prior known lighted rearview mirror structures which provide illumination.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a case assembly for vehicular rearview mirrors adapted to define a compartment within the case, which is effectively sealed against the back of the mirror element. Preferably, the sealing means also provides an antiscatter function for the mirror element in the event of breakage.
A rearview mirror assembly according to the present invention includes a case having a back wall and a perimeter side wall defining an interior space within the case. Walls extending within the case from the back wall define a compartment within the case. The compartment is connected with the outside of the case through an opening located in a bottom portion of the side wall. A mirror element is supported and retained by the case, opposite from the back wall. A sealant is provided between the compartment walls and the back of the mirror element to seal the compartment and prevent escape of uncontrolled or stray light from the compartment.
In one aspect of the invention, a reflector with a progressive or variable radius of curvature is provided in the compartment for selectively directing light out of the compartment. In another aspect of the invention, the case is adapted to receive electrical components, specifically, controls, light bulb holders and a power plug, for powering a lamp assembly positioned in the compartment. The electrical components are mounted to the housing for improved durability and reliability of the control wiring system. Specifically, a power plug connects the mirror assembly with the vehicle electrical system and the power plug is mounted in the back wall of the case of the mirror assembly. A switch is provided in the mirror assembly and also mounted to the case for controlling the electrical current to and thus illumination of the lamp assembly. Finally, the electrical components, i.e. the power plug, the switch, and the lamp assembly, are directly connected, one with another, by wiring, without intermediate connectors.
In yet another aspect of the invention, a lens is mounted in the side wall opening to refract and reflect light projected from the lamp assembly, away from the windshield and instrument panel of a vehicle in which the assembly is mounted. In a further aspect of the invention, the compartment is ventilated to dissipate heat from the compartment. The lens and opening define a ventilation passage between the lens and the case for the flow of air from outside the case, around the lens, and into the compartment. A ventilation conduit, positioned generally opposite the compartment from the lens, may also be provided and extends from the compartment to outside the case. A light baffle or maze is formed by the conduit so that light may not escape from the compartment through the ventilation conduit.
The rearview mirror assembly of the present invention provides an improvement over the prior art with a simplified and more durable lighting assembly. Many of the electrical interconnections which are used in previous control wiring systems have been eliminated in the present mirror assembly to enhance durability. Improved sealing of stray or uncontrolled lighting is also accomplished in the present assembly. Further, enhanced control of the distribution pattern of light projected from the assembly is provided by unique reflector usage and design and by unique lens design. All of this is accomplished in a lighter weight and less expensive assembly because of the simplification of the present assembly over the prior art.
FIG. 1 is a lower front perspective view of a mirror assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an upper rear perspective view of the mirror assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of the mirror assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the mirror assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a right end elevational view of the mirror assembly of FIG. 1, the opposing end being substantially similar;
FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the mirror assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view along plane VII--VII of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a front elevation of the mirror housing of FIG. 7 with the components removed to show only the housing;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view along plane IX--IX of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary plan view along plane X--X of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is an exploded sectional view along plane XI--XI of FIG. 8;
FIG. 12 is a front elevational view of the driver's side reflector;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view along plane XIII--XIII of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a front elevational view of the passenger side reflector;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view along plane XV--XV of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is an end elevational view of the driver's side lens;
FIG. 17 is an end elevational view of the passenger's side lens;
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the view of FIG. 9, showing a light ray trace from the driver's side light bulb filament;
FIG. 19 is the view of FIG. 18 with the filament deviated from the design location;
FIG. 20 is a front elevational view of the assembly of FIG. 1 showing a light ray trace from the assembly;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the wiring for the assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 22 is a top plan view of the driver's lens;
FIG. 23 is a bottom plan view of the driver's lens;
FIG. 24 is a top plan view of the passenger's lens;
FIG. 25 is a bottom plan view of the passenger's lens;
FIG. 26 is the view of FIG. 16 exploded into three fragments and showing specific dimensions;
FIG. 27 is an enlarged view of detail XXVII of FIG. 26, showing specific dimensions;
FIG. 28 is the view of FIG. 17, showing specific dimensions;
FIG. 29 is an enlarged cross-sectional view along plane XXIX--XXIX of FIG. 25, showing specific dimensions;
FIG. 30 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view along plane XXX--XXX of FIG. 23, showing specific dimensions; and
FIG. 31 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view along plane XXXI--XXXI of FIG. 23, showing specific dimensions.
Referring to the drawings in greater detail, a mirror assembly 30 according to the present invention is generally shown in FIGS. 1-31. Assembly 30 has a case 32 with a back wall 34 and a perimeter side wall 36, defining an interior space within case 32 (FIGS. 6-9). Case 32 may be molded of a variety of known, suitable materials, but is preferably molded of a fiber reinforced plastic and most preferably of a 13% glass fiber reinforced nylon plastic. A mounting aperture 38 in back wall 34 is generally centered along the length of case 32 and is preferably located near an upper portion 40 of sidewall 36 (FIG. 2). A mounting arm 42 is connected with case 32 by an actuator 44, described below. Mounting arm 42 extends from case 32 to a fixed member of a vehicle for mounting assembly 30 in the vehicle.
Assembly 30 is preferably a day/night rearview mirror having a high reflectivity day position and a reduced reflectivity night position, wherein reflection of undesired and distracting glare from behind the vehicle is reduced or eliminated in the night position. Thus, mounting arm 42 is preferably connected with case 32 through a day/night actuator 44 (FIGS. 2, 5 and 6). Actuator 44 may comprise a toggle member 46 and a pivot lever 48 as are known in the art. Actuator 44 is preferably of the type disclosed in copending and commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/759,899, filed Sep. 13, 1991, entitled REDUCED VIBRATION DAY/NIGHT REARVIEW MIRROR ASSEMBLY, invented by Wellington et al. and filed on even date herewith, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
A prismatic mirror element 50 is mounted to the front of case 32, opposite back wall 34, by a circumscribing bezel 52 (FIGS. 1, 3-6, 9 and 11). Mirror element 50 is preferably a transparent, prismatic element of glass or plastic or other suitable optical material and has nonparallel front 54 and back 56 surfaces. Back surface 56 has a thin layer of reflective material such as metallic silver or chrome or the like as is commonly known and is most preferably provided with a protective, antiscatter layer for safety in the event the mirror element is broken.
As mentioned above, bezel 52 circumscribes mirror element 50 and further, has a circumferential lip 58 which extends over front surface 54 of mirror element 50, near the perimeter edge of the mirror element, to capture and hold mirror element 50 against case 32 (FIGS. 9 and 11). Bezel 52 is irremovably connected with case 32 by a series of perimeter latch fingers 60 which extend toward case 32 from bezel 52 and have a projecting, wedge shaped hook 62 on the side of each finger 60 for engagement with corresponding latch loops 64, provided around the perimeter of case 32. Each latch loop 64 is a generally U-shaped member having a bight portion 66 for engagement with one of hooks 62. Fingers 60 are forced between perimeter side wall 36 and latch loops 64 to wedge each bight portion 66 away from side wall 36 until hook 62 passes bight portion 66, which then returns to its previous position and captures the hook to prevent withdrawal.
Case 32 preferably seals against back surface 56 of mirror element 50. Most preferably, a resilient foam layer 68, such as commonly available polyester, number four, closed cell foam, generally covers and is adhered to back surface 56 by an adhesive carrier layer 70 (FIGS. 9 and 11). Carrier layer 70 is preferably a polyester film of about two mil thickness, coated with a synthetic rubber base PSA adhesive to adhere to back surface 56. When adhered to back surface 56, carrier layer 70 provides the antiscatter function discussed above, for mirror element 50.
Walls 72, 74 extend generally forward from back wall 34 and define a driver's side closed lamp compartment 76 and a passenger's side closed lamp compartment 78 inside case 32 for housing illuminating lamp assemblies (FIGS. 7 and 8). Further, an opening 80 for the driver's side and an opening 82 for the passenger's side are provided in a bottom portion 84 of side wall 36 for transmitting light out of each compartment 76, 78 and case 32.
Ventilation is provided for each compartment 76, 78 by ventilation holes 86, located above compartment 76, and ventilation holes 88, located above compartment 78 (FIGS. 2, 4, 7 and 8). Walls 72 and 74 extend to side wall upper portion 40, defining ventilation conduits to connect holes 86 and 88 with compartments 76 and 78, respectively. However, a straight path is not allowed out through holes 86 and 88 from compartments 76 and 78. A light maze or baffle is formed between each of holes 86 and 88 and a main chamber of each compartment 76, 78 so that light may not escape through holes 86 and 88, from the respective compartment 76, 78, to cause potential glare (FIGS. 7-9).
On the driver's side, narrowed throat 94 is formed between holes 86 and a main portion of compartment 76, along conduit 90, by walls 72 (FIGS. 7 and 9). A baffle plate 96 extends forward from back wall 34, between throat 94 and holes 86. Baffle 96 is wider than throat 94 and extends laterally across holes 86 so that a direct light path does not exist out of compartment 76, through holes 86. Baffle 96 does not, however, extend to walls 68 to thus provide air flow from compartment 76, through throat 94, around either end of baffle 96, and out vent 86.
On the passenger's side, narrowed throat 98 is formed between holes 88 and a main portion of compartment 78, along conduit 92, by walls 74, similar to the driver's side of assembly 30 (FIGS. 7 and 8). Unlike the driver's side, though, a baffle plate 100 extends forward from back wall 34, between throat 98 and the main portion of compartment 78. Further, baffle 100 does extend to wall 74 at one end of baffle 100, maintaining an air passage at the opposing end of baffle 100. In fact, baffle 100 extends from one side of throat 98, defining a bent channel portion 102 of conduit 92 for the passage of air from compartment 78, through channel 102, and out holes 88 and for blocking the escape of light from compartment 78.
A driver's lens 104 and a passenger's lens 106 are positioned in each opening 80 and 82, respectively (FIGS. 1, 3, 7 and 8). As is best seen in FIGS. 1 and 9, each lens is recessed into the case bottom sufficiently to eliminate direct light into the eyes of the driver or passenger. This is accomplished by molding case with openings 80,82 recessed into the sidewall bottom. Each lens 104, 106 has a perimeter edge 108, and each opening has a perimeter edge 112 (FIG. 10). The lens edge 108 is spaced from the opening edge 112 defining a ventilation passage into compartments 76 and 78 through openings 80 and 82, around the lenses 104, 106, respectively (FIGS. 7-9). Thus, air may enter the compartments 72, 76 around the lenses 102, 104 and vent off heat, through the light baffles and vent holes 86 and 88.
Each lens 104, 106 is a transparent element of glass or plastic or other suitable optical material and is preferably molded of a clear polycarbonate plastic such as LEXAN, which is commonly available from the General Electric Corporation. Passenger's lens 106 has a series of generally parallel ridges 116 and grooves 118 extending across a top surface 120 to refract and reflect light from compartment 78 generally forward relative to mirror assembly 30 and away from the vehicle's windshield (FIGS. 17, 24, 25, and 28). Generally, the surfaces of ridges 116 are polished smooth except for the surfaces of optical facets C (FIG. 28) which are made slightly dull to help diffuse light in these areas. A Fresnel lens pattern typically formed using rotary cutters, is provided at 90.degree. to ridges 116 and 118 on a bottom surface 122 of passenger's lens 106 to control lateral dispersal of light projected through the lens, principally minimizing the potential for any uncontrolled stray light to be projected toward the driver (FIG. 29).
Similar to passenger's lens 106, driver's lens 104 also has a series of laterally extending, generally parallel ridges 124 and grooves 126 across a top surface 128 (FIGS. 16, 22, 23, 26, and 27). However, direction and control of light projected from compartment 76, away from the instrument panel of the vehicle, is somewhat more critical on the driver's side than on the passenger's side. Therefore, ridges 124 and grooves 126 include prominent, taller teeth 130 and 132 which refract or reflect and block light which would otherwise be projected to the instrument panel, causing glare (FIGS. 18, 19, and 26). As with passenger's side lens 106, lens 104 has parallel and planar surfaces on ridges 124 which face generally away from case back 34 while parallel and curved surfaces on the ridges face generally toward back wall 34. The curved surfaces on taller teeth 130, 132 do face away from case back 34 however, while the planar surfaces on those teeth face toward the case back. Also, ridges 130, 132 project above their adjacent grooves by at least twice as far as the remaining ridges project above their grooves to insure all remaining light is directed forwardly as described below. Generally, the surfaces of all ridges 124 are polished smooth except for the surfaces of optical facets 3A on tooth 130, and of optical facets 7 and 8 (FIGS. 26 and 27). These surfaces are made slightly dull with sandpaper to help diffuse light in these areas.
A slightly different Fresnel lens pattern from that on lens 106 and also formed with rotary cutters is provided on a bottom surface 134 of driver's lens 104 to control lateral dispersal of light projected through the lens and to help direct light away from the instrument panel and into the passenger compartment (FIGS. 23, 30 and 31). Typically, Fresnel lens optic facets or elements in vehicular interior lighting fixtures on one lens surface are oriented at 90.degree. to the optic facets, ridges and grooves on the opposite surface as in passenger side lens 106. Hence, one side (120) is used for directing light away from the instrument panel while the opposite side (122) provides lateral or side to side direction and target control. In lens 104, however, the Fresnel optic facets or elements are at an angle to the grooves and ridges 124, 126 on side 128 other than at 90.degree. to help control and direct light away from the instrument panel as well as controlling the lateral light direction. Preferably, the Fresnel facets are oriented in a V-shaped pattern (FIG. 23) each at an angle of about 68.degree. to ridges and grooves 124, 126 on top surface 128. The V-shaped Fresnel pattern also helps to smoothly spread the light over the target area.
Each of a reflector 136, 138, a light bulb 140, and bulb holders 142, are also located in compartment 76 and 78, respectively (FIG. 7). Bulbs 140 are preferably a cartridge style bulb, having a metallic connector at each end and a four candle power rating.
Bulb holders 142 are held in case 32 by insertion into receptacles 144 formed in case 32 by upstanding posts and walls which project forward from back wall 34 and provide openings to dissipate heat, presenting an aperture 146 which corresponds to bulb holders 142 (FIGS. 7 and 8). Bulb holders 142 are stamped and formed from strips of springy and conductive metal to define a fastening tang 148 for insertion into receptacles 144 (FIG. 9). Projecting generally perpendicularly to fastening tang 148, at one end, bulb holders 142 have a generally cylindrically shaped area 150 where a bulb 140 is positioned in use. Flared receiving flanges 151 for ease of insertion of bulb 140 into cylindrical area 150 are also provided.
The configuration of receptacles 144 and bulb holders 142 utilizes a forward to rearward direction relative to case 32 for inserting holders 142 into receptacles 144, enhancing a manufacturer's assembly. Further, the direction of insertion and removal of bulb 140 from bulb holders 142 is perpendicular to the direction for inserting holders 142 into receptacles 144, minimizing the potential for inadvertently removing holders 142 from receptacles 144 during subsequent removal and replacement of a damaged bulb.
Each reflector 136, 138 is preferably formed as a generally U-shaped member from 0.020 inch (0.50 mm) thick, bright dipped, anodized, quarter hard aluminum 5657 alloy (FIGS. 12-15). Reflectors 136 and 138 have mounting flanges 152, 154 and heat shields 156, 158 extending in the same general direction from opposite edges of a bight portion 160, 162, respectively. The inside surfaces of reflectors 136, 138 preferably provide at least 80% reflectivity. A pair of mounting apertures 164 are provided in each mounting flange 152, 154 for snap or force fit over corresponding mounting posts 166, which project forward from back wall 34 of case 32 (FIGS. 7 and 8). Ridges 168 are formed along each heat shield 156, 158, generally parallel to bight portions 160 and 162, to minimize the area of contact between the heat shields 156, 158 and back surface 54 of mirror element 50 and any foam layer 68 thereon and, thus, the amount of heat transferred to mirror element 50 and layer 68 (FIGS. 9 and 12-15). Further, ventilation slots 170 are positioned in mounting flanges 152, 154 for enhanced air convection around the reflectors 136, 138, respectively.
Passenger's reflector 138, is generally angled relative to case 32 to direct light generally away from the driver and to the lap area of the passenger (FIGS. 14, 15 and 20). Bight portion 162 of reflector 138 is generally spherically cup shaped, forming a reflective surface 172 to enhance the focus and direction of light projected from surface 172, away from the driver's side of the vehicle.
Driver's reflector 136 is generally squarely oriented in case 32 to project light generally directly downward (FIGS. 12, 13 and 20). Bight portion 160 of reflector 136 is also generally spherically cup shaped, is curved along two axes, and has a progressively lengthening radius of curvature, moving from a front edge 174 of bight portion 160 to a back edge 176 of bight portion 160, near back wall 34, forming a reflective surface 178 (FIG. 18). The longer radius of curvature near back edge 176 directs light reflected from a filament 180 of bulb 140 farther forward, relative to mirror assembly 30, than the adjoining shorter radius portion of the reflector, toward front edge 174 (FIGS. 12, 13, 18 and 19). Also, the cup shape helps direct light toward the target lap area of the driver. While surface 178 may be a continuous, smoothly curved surface of progressively changing radius of curvature, a significant cost savings may be had by approximating the continuous, smoothly curved surface with a composite surface comprising adjoining, constant radius portions with the radii changing in a stepwise manner. Thus, surface 178 is preferably a composite surface, having a constant radius portion 178a and an adjoining constant radius portion 178b with a longer radius than portion 178a.
As shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 of a cross-sectional view of driver's reflector 136, driver's lens 104, and a light bulb 140, having a filament 179, and indicating light ray traces from filament 179, it is seen how each of the driver's reflector 136 and the driver's lens 104 independently and jointly direct the light emitted from filament 179, generally toward an area beneath and forward of mirror assembly 30. Uncontrolled, undesired, stray light which might otherwise project rearward of assembly 30 is reflected or blocked by higher teeth 130 and 132 of lens 104. This system of light control with reflector 136 and lens 104 is effective whether the bulb filament 179 is in its design position 179 as shown in FIG. 18 or is in a least desirably deviated position, upward and forward from a design position at position 179a, as shown in FIG. 19. Such deviation of filament 179 may commonly be experienced since specific placement of filament 179 within bulb 140 is not typically a concern of bulb manufacturers.
Electrical current for energizing bulbs 140 is provided through a wiring harness which is schematically shown in FIG. 21. A power plug 180 is mounted in case 32, through an aperture 182 in back wall 34 (FIGS. 2, 7, 8 and 11). Power plug 180 is a three conductor plug which snap fits into aperture 182 by resilient spring clips 184 which project at an angle with respect to power plug 180 and have a terminal end or shoulder 186 (FIG. 11). Clips 184 fold or compress when power plug 180 is inserted into aperture 182, clips 184 pass through the aperture, and snap back to their initial, spread position behind a lip 188, adjacent aperture 182. Shoulders 186 abut lip 188 to lock plug 180 in place in back wall 34. Power plug 180 may then be connected with the vehicle electrical system, typically a twelve volt, negative ground system, by a cooperating, power supply plug (not shown) which is adapted to mate with plug 180. By fixing power plug 180 to case 32, any tendency to physically stress and damage the internal wiring harness of mirror assembly 30 is minimized, if not eliminated. In contrast, prior mirror assemblies requiring wire connections to the interior of the assembly typically have a cable penetrating the case, whereby tension applied to the cable will stress the internal wiring of the mirror assembly, causing damage to the internal electrical system.
Referring specifically to FIG. 21, showing a schematic representation of the wiring harness for mirror assembly 30, power is supplied to mirror assembly 30 from the vehicle electrical system, through a power supply plug (not shown) which mates with power plug 180 and connects with a first terminal 190 in power plug 180, providing a source of current at terminal 190. Terminal 190 is in turn connected with a first bulb holder 142a, 142d of each of a driver's light bulb 140a and a passenger's light bulb 140b, respectively.
A second terminal 192 in power plug 180 provides a connection directly with the vehicle system ground. Terminal 192 is connected with a first contact 194 on a switch 196 for controlling the driver's lamp and is also connected with a first contact 198 on a switch 200 for controlling the passenger's lamp. Each switch 196, 200 is a single pole, double throw switch to provide connection between a center or common contact 202, 204 and a first contact 194, 198 or, alternatively, between the center contact 202, 204 and a third contact 206, 208, respectively, as is well known in the art. As shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 11, switches 196, 200 are located in the front face of bezel 52 to be accessible visibly and physically to the driver and/or passenger. Such location also indicates to the driver and/or passenger that additional features, namely lights, are included in the mirror assembly.
Common contact 202 of switch 196 is connected with a second bulb holder 142b so that when switch 196 is closed between the first 194 and common 202 contacts, a circuit is completed and bulb 140a is illuminated. Similarly, common contact 204 of switch 200 is connected with a second bulb holder 142c so that when switch 200 is closed between first contact 198 and common contact 204, a circuit is closed and bulb 140b is illuminated.
A third terminal 210 in power plug 180 provides connection with the vehicle system ground through a vehicle door switch system (not shown) as is commonly known for providing a connection with the vehicle system ground when a vehicle door switch is closed by opening a corresponding vehicle door. Third terminal 210 is connected with the third contact 206, 208 in each of the driver's and passenger's switches 196, 200, respectively. When each switch 196, 200 is not closed between its common contact 202, 204 and its first contact 194, 198, each switch is closed between the common contact 202, 204 and the third contact 206, 208, respectively. Thus, each switch 196, 200 will operate to either close directly to ground and allow electrical current to pass through and illuminate the light bulbs 140a, 140b, or each switch 196, 200 will close a circuit to the door switch circuit so that the light bulbs 140a, 140b are illuminated when a corresponding vehicle door is opened.
Each of the electrical components, i.e. power plug 180, switches 196, 200, and bulb holders 140, are directly wired with each other as described above, without intermediate or inline connectors. Such intermediate connectors are well known in prior mirror assemblies. The elimination of such intermediate connectors in the present mirror assembly 30 eliminates a major potential for open connectors and provides a significantly more durable and reliable wiring system for the mirror assembly.
Each switch 196, 200 is also snap fit into case 32 (FIGS. 7, 8 and 11). Switch receptacles 216 and 218 are provided in case 32 and positioned one on either side of actuator 44, for receiving and holding each switch 196, 200, respectively (FIG. 8). Pairs of flanges 220 define channels 222 into which mounting tabs 224 on each switch 196, 200 are inserted (FIGS. 8 and 11). Further, a wedge portion 226 is provided on a bottom side of each switch 196, 200 and cooperates with a wedge shaped hook 228, projecting from side wall bottom portion 84. As either switch 196, 200 is inserted into its receptacle 216, 218, respectively, wedge 226 ramps over hook 228, temporarily displacing hook 228 until wedge 226 has passed hook 228 and hook 228 returns to its normal position to capture wedge 226 and lock the switch 196, 200 in place in case 32.
As will now be apparent, the assembly of case 32, lenses 104, 106, bulbs 140, reflectors 136, 138, the wire harness, bulb holders 142, switches 196, 200, and power plug 180 are all integrated together thereby eliminating the necessity of separate light modules and reducing the overall number of parts in the mirror.
The above description is considered that of the preferred embodiment only. Modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art and to those who make or use the invention. Therefore, it is understood that the embodiment shown in the drawings and described above is merely for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the following claims as interpreted according to the principles of patent law.
1. A rearview mirror assembly for vehicles comprising:
- a case having a back wall and a perimeter sidewall thereabout defining an interior space within said case, said sidewall having a bottom portion, said bottom portion having an opening therethrough;
- wall means in said interior space for defining a compartment within said case, said compartment being connected with the outside of said case through said opening;
- lamp means located in said compartment;
- electric control means in said case for controlling said lamp means and for connecting said lamp means with a power source, the power source being outside said case, said control means defining an electric circuit having a power plug for connecting with the power source, said case having a mounting aperture corresponding to said power plug, and said power plug being secured in said mounting aperture on said case; and
- a mirror element supported and retained in said case, said mirror element being opposite said interior space from said back wall.
2. The assembly defined in claim 1 wherein said mounting aperture is defined in said case back wall.
3. The assembly defined in claim 2 wherein said power plug and said mounting aperture are located outside said compartment.
4. The assembly defined in claim 2 wherein said electric control means further includes a switch, lamp holder means for holding and conducting power to said lamp means, and writing operatively connecting and extending between each of said power plug, switch, and lamp holder means.
5. The assembly defined in claim 4 wherein said wiring is directly connected with and extends directly between each of said power plug, switch, and lamp holder means without intermediate connectors along said wiring or between said wiring and each of said power plug, switch and lamp holder means.
6. A rearview mirror assembly for vehicles comprising:
- a case having a back wall and a perimeter sidewall thereabout defining an interior space within said case;
- an electrical component mounted within said interior space;
- electric control means in said case for controlling said electrical component and for connecting said electrical component with a power source, the power source being outside said case, said control means defining an electric circuit having a power plug for connecting with the power source, said case having a mounting aperture corresponding to said power plug, and said power plug being secured in said mounting aperture on said case; and
- a mirror element supported and retained in said case, said mirror element being opposite said interior space from said back wall.
7. The assembly defined in claim 6 wherein said mounting aperture is defined in said back wall.
8. The assembly defined in claim 6 further including wall means in said interior space for defining a compartment within said case, said power plug and said mounting aperture being located outside said compartment.
9. The assembly defined in claim 8 wherein said sidewall has a bottom portion with an opening therethrough;
- said compartment is connected with the outside of said case through said opening;
- said electrical component is a lamp mounted within said compartment and adapted to direct light through said opening in said bottom portion of said sidewall; and
- said electric control means further includes a switch, lamp holder means for holding and conducting power to said lamp and wiring operatively connecting and extending between each of said power plug, switch, and lamp holder means.
Referenced Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
|May 26, 1987
|Skogler et al.
|March 21, 1989
|Skogler et al.
|September 1934
|December 1951
|June 1953
|October 1965
|November 1970
|Barcus et al.
|October 23, 1984
|April 16, 1985
|Marcus et al.
|February 24, 1987
|Skogler et al.
|March 22, 1988
|Skogler et al.
Foreign Patent Documents
|August 1954
|July 1949
|March 1988
|September 1962
|April 1951
|August 1963
|October 1965
Other references
- Exhibits A-D: Photographs of a BMW Rearview Mirror (no date).
Patent History
Type: Grant
Filed: Sep 13, 1991
Date of Patent: Jan 12, 1993
Assignee: Donnelly Corporation (Holland, MI)
Inventors: Edward R. Adams (Spring Lake, MI), Anton C. Bastiaanse (Holland, MI), Ricky L. Berens (Holland, MI), Howard W. Fant, Jr. (Grand Haven, MI), Barry W. Hutzel (Holland, MI), William P. Lantz (Holland, MI), Craig M. Miller (Jenison, MI), Troy I. VanderHoof (Holland, MI), Paul C. Belding (Charlevoix, MI)
Primary Examiner: Allen M. Ostrager
Law Firm: Price, Heneveld, Cooper, DeWitt & Litton
Application Number: 7/760,077
International Classification: B60Q 100;


text:
Metsfanmax wrote:
On the other hand, I was expressing the hope that we would have a systematic change to a state where donation to charitable causes is handled by the government in an ordered manner
Man, the government taking your money without you having a say about it (through taxes) and giving it to charity, is not charity. It's something else all together.
Charity by definition is voluntary. Taxes are not voluntary.
What you are actually talking about is theft.


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Uploaded on Feb 22, 2011
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The materials on this course website are only for the use of students enrolled in this course for purposes associated with this course and may not be retained or further disseminated.
In order to view the First Year Experience Resources, you must first obtain the current password from your instructor. Once you enter the correct password, you will be taken to the menu page. (You must click the "Submit" button after entering your password.)


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The world is flat - a video lecture by Thomas Friedman
Here's a video lecture (1hr 15min) by Thomas L. Friedman on his book - The World is Flat.
"Chances are good that Bhavya in Bangalore will read your next x-ray, or as Thomas Friedman learned first hand, "Grandma Betty in her bathrobe" will make your Jet Blue plane reservation from her Salt Lake City home. In "Globalization 3.0," Friedman contends, people from far-flung places will become principal players in the marketplace."
Add tag Permalink | Friday, May 27, 2005
Creating digital prototypes
Dave Rogers has written an article about creating digital prototypes using Acrobat. So instead of having dead pages, you can have live links and forms. Here's the proof of concept (PDF).
prototyping Add tag Permalink | Tuesday, May 24, 2005
Apple iTunes gets into podcasting
Apple's tuning in:
Apple says the next version of its iTunes music management program will give people a way to find and subscribe to podcasts, MP3 audio files online.
Add tag Permalink | Tuesday, May 24, 2005
Need a tutor? Call India.
A good overview of this new outsourcing trend.
As technology develops and the barriers to communication erode, most agree that tutoring is likely to join the list of other jobs facing global competition. Some hurdles remain, of course. Indian tutors undergo training to learn an American accent and US teaching methods, but still face some cultural gaps. And just dealing with students online - rather than face to face - can be tough.
Add tag Permalink | Monday, May 23, 2005
How to use the dial phone (1927)
Check out this multimedia-instruction from 1927 on how to use the dial phone. It uses a story to link the sequence of operations together.
On another note, I also like the way the Internet Archive uses thumbnails to allow users preview the movie before downloading it. [Via Usable help]
instructional design Add tag Permalink | Monday, May 23, 2005
Ontology is Overrated: Categories, Links, and Tags
Here's an article by Clay Shirky on the differences between controlled categorization and free tagging or, as he puts it, the differences between browse and search, between Yahoo! and Google.
Add tag Permalink | Thursday, May 19, 2005
Star Wars Interactive
This NY Times Star Wars interactive explains the plots and the characters in this unfolding saga. Want more? Check this listing out.
Add tag Permalink | Thursday, May 19, 2005
Enterprise Information Architecture in Context
James Melzer shares this 'enterprise information architecture roadmap' that he drew to help his team have a common understanding of a project. I found it a little difficult to follow and extrapolate, but again, my context is a little different.
"My diagram is pretty specific to the federal government landscape in the US, but you can extrapolate the kinds of inputs that are relevant in your organization."
information architecture Add tag Permalink | Thursday, May 19, 2005
The Power of Shared Knowledge
Hubert Saint-Onge talks about collaboration and knowledge management:
"Despite a content explosion taking place on the word side—including blogs, content-management software, and IM—most offerings are incomplete. The collaboration aspect is often weak, and, when it's present, it's generally not integrated with collaboration tools. Even with the best intentions, most IT vendors don't have all of the pieces together to implement an effective content and collaboration platform, and software offerings in this area are far too compartmental and proprietary."
Add tag Permalink | Wednesday, May 18, 2005
Hey Google, Map This!
This is a wonderful case of bricolage in action:
"Inventive web developers are taking Google's online map service to a new level, layering in house sales and apartment rentals, real-time traffic stats and Flickr photo tags."
Add tag Permalink | Tuesday, May 17, 2005
The Power of Design
The latest issue of Fast Company is on the power of design:
"Look around you: The evidence of design's power is everywhere. It's apparent in the mere fact that the bar has been raised. Customers expect, even demand, more from the design of everything they buy."
Add tag Permalink | Tuesday, May 17, 2005
Complications, by Atul Gawande
This book ranks high in my list of great reads. (Thanks Venkat). In Complications, Atul Gawande writes about his experiences as surgical resident in a Boston hospital. His main intent is to show how medicine is really practiced -- the story behind the story. And in doing so, he highlights the messiness, the ambiguity and the uncertainties under which surgeons have to make decisions (usually tradeoffs).
This book is also one of the best books on organizational learning that I've read. It gives an in-depth look at the learning demands in a complex environment -- the risks, the fallibleness, the mysteries and the uncertainties of it all. The first chapter -- Education of a Knife -- should be a must-read for all of us in the learning industry. Here's the gist of the chapter:
"The thing that still startles me is how fundamentally human an endeavor it [medicine] is. Usually, when we think about medicine and its remarkable abilities, what comes to mind is the science and all it has given us to fight sickness and misery... But we rarely see how it all works. You have a cough that won't go away -- and then? It's not science you call upon but a doctor. A doctor with good days and bad days. A doctor with a weird laugh and a bad haircut. A doctor with three other patients to see and, inevitably, gaps in what he knows and skills he's still trying to learn."
organizational learning Add tag Permalink | Monday, May 16, 2005
Natural selection and thin slicing
In the Reith Lectures 2003, acclaimed neuroscientist V.S Ramachandran first talked about art and the brain and something he called 'artistic universals', which he says are principles of art that exhibit similar neurological activity in the brain across different cultures. He thinks that there are around 10 such artistic universals (see website). One among them is called the 'Peak Shift' universal. He explains this wonderfully using a bit of research finding on the feeding habits of newly born seagull chicks:
As soon as the herring-gull chick hatches, it looks at its mother. The mother has a long yellow beak with a red spot on it. And the chick starts pecking at the red spot, begging for food. The mother then regurgitates half-digested food into the chick's gaping mouth, the chick swallows the food and is happy. Then Tinbergen [the researcher] asked himself: "How does the chick know as soon as it's hatched who's mother? Why doesn't it beg for food from a person who is passing by or a pig?"
And he found that you don't need a mother.
You can take a dead seagull, pluck its beak away and wave the disembodied beak in front of the chick and the chick will beg just as much for food, pecking at this disembodied beak. And you say: "Well that's kind of stupid - why does the chick confuse the scientist waving a beak for a mother seagull?"
Well the answer again is it's not stupid at all. Actually if you think about it, the goal of vision is to do as little processing or computation as you need to do for the job on hand, in this case for recognizing mother. And through millions of years of evolution, the chick has acquired the wisdom that the only time it will see this long thing with a red spot is when there's a mother attached to it. After all it is never going to see in nature a mutant pig with a beak or a malicious ethologist waving a beak in front of it. So it can take advantage of the statistical redundancy in nature and say: "Long yellow thing with a red spot IS mother. Let me forget about everything else and I'll simplify the processing and save a lot of computational labour by just looking for that."
That's fine. But what Tinbergen found next is that you don't need even a beak. He took a long yellow stick with three red stripes, which doesn't look anything like a beak - and that's important. And he waved it in front of the chicks and the chicks go berserk. They actually peck at this long thing with the three red stripes more than they would for a real beak. They prefer it to a real beak - even though it doesn't resemble a beak. It's as though he has stumbled on a superbeak or what I call an ultrabeak.
From the above research it seems that evolution naturally opts for 'thin-slicing' or thin-slicing is nothing but nature's way of indicating that it has gained expertise in that area.
Add tag Permalink | Friday, May 13, 2005
Dutch academics declare research free-for-all
This is wonderful news:
"Scientists from all major Dutch universities officially launched a website on Tuesday where all their research material can be accessed for free. Interested parties can get hold of a total of 47,000 digital documents from 16 institutions the Digital Academic Repositories."
[via OLDaily]
research Add tag Permalink | Friday, May 13, 2005
The Role of Metaphor in Interaction Design
Dan Saffer, who is doing his Masters in Interaction Design at Carnegie Mellon, has just finished his thesis paper and made it available on the web -- The Role of Metaphor in Interaction Design (PDF, 340kb). It looks like a good read. I've been following Dan's blog on his experience at D School and it has helped me get a good understanding of interaction design. All the best Dan. Also, here's my interview with him on why he blogs his course.
interaction Add tag Permalink | Thursday, May 12, 2005
Put Some Wisdom in Your Pocket
Along the lines of Wikipedia comes its mobile equivalent -- Cellphedia. However, this seems to be more like the those expert-exchange sites on the web. Wired reports:
"Cellphedia lets users sign up to receive updates in one or more categories like architecture, music and technology. When a question is asked in one of those subjects, users receive a text message with the query."
Add tag Permalink | Thursday, May 12, 2005
Cancer survival rate infographic
Edward Tufte deconstructs a published cancer survival rate table and offers a set of redesigns that enhance understanding. A nice case study.
Add tag Permalink | Thursday, May 12, 2005
Infographics in the Internet Era
Wonderful PDF book from Alberto Cairo that looks at the process and practice of infographics in visual journalism, especially with the Spanish newspapers. [via Interactive Narratives]
infographics Add tag Permalink | Wednesday, May 11, 2005
Mental Models For Search Are Getting Firmer
Jakob Nielsen on elements of search :
Search is such a prominent part of the Web user experience that users have developed a firm mental model for how it's supposed to work. Users expect search to have three components:
- A box where they can type words
- A button labeled "search" that they click to run the search
- A list of top results that's linear, prioritized, and appears on a new page -- the search engine results page (SERP)
Add tag Permalink | Wednesday, May 11, 2005
A Vision of Terror
This is cool:
"A new generation of software called Starlight 3.0, developed for the Department of Homeland Security by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), can unravel the complex web of relationships between people, places, and events. And other new software can even provide answers to unasked questions."
Add tag Permalink | Wednesday, May 11, 2005
What an IA Should Know About Prototypes for User Testing
This is a nice article from Boxes and Arrows, which focuses on a) the degree of fidelity and b) the level of interactivity for your prototypes. These two points are also useful when using distributed teams to build systems -- both factors are high initially but with shared understanding they gradually come down.
prototyping Add tag Permalink | Monday, May 09, 2005
Enterprise IA Roadmap
Lou Rosenfeld has updated his enterprise information architecture roadmap. The roadmap lists the activities that need to be done to organize information. It also provides a nice starting point for discussing an enterprise's IA needs.
information architecture Add tag Permalink | Monday, May 09, 2005
Change or Die
I finally got a chance to read this heavily blogged article. This is one of those articles that give me the Aha! feeling. Change and change management has always been viewed as a complicated subject, but as this article shows, it's just about being humane. Here are the three steps: re-frame the reasons for change to make it beneficial, 2) accelerate the change process so that changes are visible, and 3) support the change.
Add tag Permalink | Friday, May 06, 2005
Cognitive Psychology Resource
Here's a cool site with many Macromedia (Adobe?) Flash-based experiments in memory, perception, attention, etc. Try them out, it's great fun!
Add tag Permalink | Friday, May 06, 2005
CNN on tags
CNN has published an article on tagging. There's nothing new in the article, but it does provide a good gauge of the current usage around the world.
Add tag Permalink | Wednesday, May 04, 2005


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January 15 is Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.�s, birthday and today is designated his national birthday holiday and honors his accomplishments. Today is also a day that Dr. King would be especially proud of, which is the second inauguration of President Barack Obama � the first African-American United States President. I am sure that Dr. King is shouting right now being that both men have similar attributes relating to their commitment to national and international unity, racial harmony and world peace.
Across America and throughout the world, churches, civil rights groups, organizations and schools will write about and celebrate slain civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and attend and celebrate President Obama�s inauguration services and inaugural ball. Although both events will be celebrated with a combination of marches, parades, speeches, awards, programs, inauguration services and an inaugural ball, we much continue to pray for our families, our churches, our leaders, our economy and for world peace.
For historical documentation, it is vital to tell Dr. King�s story each year and more importantly to live it 365 days a year. No one in America�s civil rights movement served as a more inspiration and influential leader than Dr. King. Therefore, I would be remised if I did not give a brief biographical tribute to his life.
Dr. King was thrust into a leadership role and made a national figure after civil rights activist Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. The NAACP organized the Montgomery bus boycott and established the Montgomery Improvement Association to continue the boycott demands. They also organized the Southern Christian Leadership Conference � a regional organization that worked through black churches in the South in the interest of civil rights. Dr. King was chosen to serve as the first president of both organizations. The boycott lasted 381 days and ended only when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled segregation on city buses was unconstitutional.
The revolution of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was the struggle of African-Americans for racial equality and civil rights. For a dozen years, this charismatic Baptist minister and his legion of followers confronted the humiliating system of segregation that kept African-Americans second class citizens.
They organized legal and judicial action, boycotts, sit-ins, pickets and a huge march on Washington, demonstrations, voter registrations and various activities. Thousands of civil rights demonstrators were arrested and hundreds were beaten by police. Scores of churches and homes were dynamited and a number of activists were murdered. Ultimately, they awakened the nation and the world to the shame of American racial persecution.
On August 28, 1963, in Washington, D.C., Dr. King delivered the, �I Have a Dream� speech. He dreamed of a day when all of God�s children would be able to join hands and sings the words of the old Negro spiritual, �Free at last, free at last, thank God almighty we are free at last.�
On July 2, 1964, President Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act into law. The legislation passed by Congress outlawed the discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, religion or national origin in public accommodations, including restaurants, motels, hotels, and movie theaters. Discrimination in employment was also prohibited.
In essence, Dr. King fashioned and fueled a movement powerful enough to shatter forever the practice of racial segregation. Through it all, he never turned to violence. He adopted a strategy of non-violence from a man of different race who lived in a distant country and even practiced a different religion � Mahatma Gandhi, the great Indian leader.
On December 10, 1964, at the age of 35, King was the youngest recipient of one of the world�s highest honors � the Nobel Peace Prize. Three years later, on April 4, 1968, King was mortally wounded on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. One hour later, in a Memphis hospital, he was pronounced dead.
Although his voice was silenced by an assassin�s bullet and President Barack Obama is serving his second term as the first African-American President of the United States, long after his death, we still hear King�s call for a just society resonating. America has made some strides, but has not reached the promised land of peace and racial equality. Therefore, his grand vision of a prejudice-free nation is relevant and remains the greatest of all American dreams.
Meeks-Clinton is a resident of Gastonia.


text:
Laura Borrelli via Crowdrise
April 11, 2012
BENEFITING: National Braille Press, Inc.
ORGANIZER: National Braille Press, Inc.
EVENT DATE: Apr 15, 2012
National Braille Press, Inc. wrote -
The Blindfold Challenge is a unique opportunity to raise funds and awareness for National Braille Press by running the prestigious BAA 5K blindfolded and assisted by a sighted guide. Runners are connected by a two-foot tether and will run the same course, at the same time, and under the same circumstances as the other runners in the 5K event. This one-of-a-kind event mirrors the experience of many blind athletes who will be competing in the 5K and Boston Marathon the same weekend.
Running blindfolded is a way for athletes to show their solidarity with blind and visually impaired individuals, proving that with the right tools and support, something that seems incredibly difficult becomes entirely possible. Each runner-guide pair has committed to raising $1,500 to support NBP's mission of braille literacy. Nothing substitutes for the ability to read and braille is the only medium for true literacy for blind people.
you can help give the gift of literacy by supporting the Blindfold Challenge.
The Team: $11,003 TOTAL RAISED SO FAR
Donor Comments
Paul Nguyen
7 years ago


text:
Sooooooo... the new rave in web fascination after myspace.com is definitely youtube.com. Senseless videos from anyone who has a webcam is definitely junk in cyberspace.. but alas! There is actually good use of youtube other than for a daily laughs......
Did you guess what it was?
Makeup tuturials!!!!!!!!
I ran across some that are noteworthy:
(put the user's name in a search for their vidoes)
- philleif (celebrity make up artist)- get some inside info on applying blush, concealer, bronzer, removing oil from makeup etc.
- CityVanity- gives shorts on freshening up your face, trying to make a quick application of makeup after work for that happy hour get-together and more.
- expertvillage- even shorter shorts on make up. Great for those who like to play it safe with makeup.
- thechuckt- tricks of the trade
- anyhthing else you find by searching videos: makeup
- Amy04
One of my tips that I learned recently is to use those wedge applicators. Fingers are the natural applicators, but using other tools can definitely help in a variety of ways. I used the wedge foam applicator for my cream blush. Yes, a new step for me! Out of the shimmery shine of summer, cream blush is a nice texture against powder and very natural for a great fall look. I used my fingers to apply, but to keep my hands from being tacky of makeup, I used the wedge. The wedge applied the cream blush to the surface of my skin and made a lot go a long way. In comparison, my fingers warmed the product (which can be a good thing) and I naturally wanted to rub the product into my skin, which was being rubbed into the skin of my fingers as well.... losing double amounts of the product!
Angle brushes
There are basically three types that concern us (there are many others, but there are three main purposes.) From brush #1- a small firm angle brush is used to fill in brows or even create a line for liner (the cream, wet shadow types). Often times, you can find this brush on the opposite end of a lash/brow comb. #2 brush, the medium angle is for lining, shading or shaping the eye. The third brush, #3 is used for shading and blending, a fuller, softer brush. Remember, the softer the brush, the softer it will apply color. These are the differences for us that are graduating from using supplied sponge applicators.
For all of us that love gloss and powerful color, here's something else from MAC for our pretty pouts, lip varnish. I will be asking a MAC Pro exactly what the heck the difference is between lip varnish and lip lacquer (a creamier lipstick with gloss)! Noted colors: cute yet sexy (pinky peach with peach pearl) and softease (cool tan with pink pearl.)
Rihanna is looking quite stunning! The hair, skin, makeup, lashes, dresses....... she is gorgeous! Purple, one of my fav colors now. Great look on the red carpet for the Teen Choice Awards.Dressed up or down, Rihanna looks fab in my yummy purple!Just for extra: Monica is back with her new album The Makings of Me releasing 10/03/2006, getting even more gangsta, showing us how the 'A' does it... is it me or does she look like Mary J. B.'s little sister?
Isn't this a scene straight out of White Chicks? This isn't a good look ladies, Lol... Nicki and Paris on runway.
(Photos: Teen People)
Stay yummy!


text:
Saturday, October 16, 2010
5 comments:
wow! i am honored and flattered! love for obscura forever! xoReplyDelete
Hi guys I linked you check me outReplyDelete
Reminds me of Jan Švankmajer's Alice!ReplyDelete
QUERY: What is that naked-child mannequin with the newspaper bag over its shoulder, at the extreme left-hand side of the window (facing out -- or the extreme right-hand side, facing in)???ReplyDelete
Wow it's a weird view but at the same time amazing ... i really like it specially the butterflies and the painting of the heart, it is something like the Saint Augustine's heart. I dont know where I can post this so i wrote it in my comment, i wanna improve your blog's look cause im a fan of Obscura and i think this blog is a great idea to communicate others like me about you.ReplyDelete
Check it out my personal blog, i think you're gonna like it
Please answer me if your a interesting


text:
If you love layers, coat your pieces with Duncan® Cover-Coat® Opaque Underglazes! Applied directly to greenware, soft-fired bisque or bisque, these underglazes provide solid coverage over even the darkest colors, and are perfect for airbrushing and brushwork. Cover-Coat Underglazes fire to an opaque, porous matte finish and are safe for food when a Duncan food-safe clear glaze is applied over them. For custom colors, tint them with other Cover-Coat colors or Duncan® E-Z Stroke™ Translucent Underglazes. Colors are available in 2-oz. squeeze bottles and assorted colors are offered in pint and gallon sizes.
1. Apply 3 coats to greenware, soft-fired bisque or cone 04 bisque. 2. Fire to shelf cone 04 to permanently adhere Cover-Coats to ware. 3. Apply clear glaze if desired and fire to shelf cone 06. 4. Clean up with water.
1. Cover-Coat colors may be tinted using E-Z Strokes™ or other Cover-Coat colors to create unique custom hues. 2. To create carved designs, a.k.a. sgraffito, gently scratch through the applied color to reveal the color or the clay body beneath it. 3. Painting with Cover-Coat Underglazes is similar to painting with acrylic paints and is a great fired alternative for a tole and decorative painter. Colors are opaque and generally one color covers the one beneath it. They must be fired to ensure maturation and stability. Clear glazes over all shows the truest colors. 4. Cover-Coat Underglazes are perfect for airbrushing and brushwork. 5. Great for layering because they dry quickly and can be painted over without lifting the colors underneath.
We warrant to the customer that the products will be free of manufacturing defects for a period of 90 days from the date of shipment. This warranty does not include damage to products resulting from accident, delivery or misuse.
The customer may contact the Customer Loyalty Department at (800) 438-6226 to arrange a refund or replacement. Customer Loyalty will instruct the customer where and how to return the product.
Defective Product Claim:
Return remaining product and all goods that you are seeking compensation for along with your receipts to: Duncan Enterprises 5673 E. Shields Ave. Fresno, CA 93727 Attn: Customer Service You will be compensated for shipping costs at the time your claim is verified.
Please include a brief note detailing the application process used in conjunction with the product and a description of how damages occurred. All reimbursements requested should be noted as this will be utilized in the processing of your claim.
Upon receipt of the above, your claim will be processed and should take about two weeks to complete.
1. Once the company receives the returned product, it will determine if the product is defective.
If the product is defective the Company will:
Should you have questions or require further assistance, please feel free to contact iLoveToCreate Customer Loyalty Department, Monday through Friday at (800) 438-6226.


text: tennisdesi 0 Posted January 30, 2013 So about 1.5 weeks ago I popped a white head that was on my cheek and since then after that it has been red, painful and hard. I had not been doing anything besides washing it with my Clarisonic but yesterday I decided to put hot cotton ball to the area in hopes of decresing the swelling and getting out what was inside of this huge red swollen bump while I believe is infected. After 1 day of putting the hot cotton ball on the site my swollen bump has increased in size and it is now more red everywhere around the area! I put alcohol on the area and then put the hot cotton ball on it and it has still not gone away! It is still huge and red and swollen and still has a hard bump, but the hardness has gone down a LITTLE, and now it is BLACK too! I have attached a picture of the site I put aloe vera or neosporin on the area twice and it has not seemed to help! I have also been washing the area but it has not helped. Please let me know what to do....it is a HUGE red,black, swollen bump and I am scared it is going to look like that for a long time.... Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text:
I love using Rice salads for bentos. I like that I can make one batch of of it and get a few days out of them.
Here are some of my favorites:
Wild Rice Salad with Apples and Walnuts
1 c wild rice
2 c water
1 tbsp vegetable oil
1/4 tsp salt
1 c coarsely chopped walnuts
1 celery rib
4 scallions, thinly sliced
1 c raisins
1 medium red apple (not Delicious), cored and diced
grated rind of 1 lemon
3 tbsp fresh lemon juice (Sometimes I use the bottled juice if I have lemons, and leave out the zest)
2 garlic cloves, pressed
1/2 tsp salt continue reading...
@justbento - strictly site updates
@makiwi - Maki tweets at random


text:
1. leech - noun
· carnivorous or bloodsucking aquatic or terrestrial worms typically having a sucker at each end
Synonym(s): bloodsucker, hirudinean
Hypernym(s): annelid, annelid_worm, segmented_worm
2. leech - noun
· a follower who hangs around a host (without benefit to the host) in hope of gain or advantage
Synonym(s): parasite, sponge, sponger
Hypernym(s): follower
3. leech - verb
· draw blood; "In the old days, doctors routinely bled patients as part of the treatment"
Synonym(s): bleed, phlebotomize, phlebotomise
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text:
Janell Enderson
Janell Enderson proudly serves the real estate community in Kansas and Missouri.
To her clients, Janell brings solid home warranty industry experience. She is described by her clients as energetic, dependable, dedicated and professional and is active in business and community affairs. Janell is known for excellent follow-up, communication skills, and providing win-win solutions and is respected for her honesty and strong work ethic.
Shining Service…
"My commitment to my clients goes beyond providing excellent service. I take great pride in developing lasting relationships based on trust, reliability and a genuine concern for my client's business. I have the highest confidence in the Old Republic Home Protection warranty product and I look forward to sharing it with you."


text:
Fashion's best-kept secrets from London's leading fashion authority
Why is it that simply getting dressed in the morning can be a bewildering experience? Last month's must-haves date you faster than a frizzy perm, and before the credit-card bill is paid, some expert is telling you your latest fashion fantasy is now "so last season." The more you buy, the less it seems you have to wear.
Knowing what works and what doesn't, how and when to shop, how best to dress your body shape, and how to work an accessory like a styling pro will propel you on your way to fashion nirvana: the effortlessly chic set. With timeless tips and practical advice, fashion editor Paula Reed proves that you don't have to have a big budget, a whole new wardrobe, or the latest fad to look great.
Transform your life with these expert lessons
Each chapter focuses on a particular element of fashion—coats, dresses, suits, bags, jewelry—making it easy to navigate the world of fashion. From eveningwear to work wear, weekends to big nights out, from the boardroom to the home office, Reed covers it all with warmth, wit, and intelligence. With a little basic skill, deftly applied, you can have confidence in knowing that what you put on looks great and serves you well. Whatever your age, whether you have a big budget or are flat broke, Style Clinic will help make fashion work for you.
"Incorporates all the great elements of many books in this genre: bright, bold images, a fun, informative tone, and tips most women can apply to their own wardrobes. Peppered with pictures of celebrity fashionistas like Sarah Jessica Parker, Style Clinic is as fabulous as the personal style it promotes."
Audience: General
Format: ePUB
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 272
Published: 12th May 2009
Publisher: HarperCollins Publishers Australia