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IMPACT-CABG Trial: IMPlantation of Autologous CD133+ sTem Cells in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (IMPACT-CABG)
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01467232
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : November 8, 2011
Last Update Posted : December 2, 2015
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Condition or disease
|Heart Failure Heart Attack Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
|Biological: Injection of autologous CD133+ stem cells at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting
|Phase 2
CD133+ are well characterized distinct early progenitor group of stem cells that possess high engraftment, pluripotent and angiogenic capacity and proved to be valuable for cardiac repair by promoting neovascularization, inhibition of apoptosis and cardiomyogenesis.
The investigators proposed research protocol involves patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and left ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In this phase II clinical trial, prospective, randomized, 2 arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the investigators will assess the safety, feasibility and functional effect of intra-myocardial injection of highly selected autologous CD133+ bone marrow stem cells to placebo.
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|20 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Implantation of Autologous CD133+ Stem Cells in Patients Undergoing CABG
|Study Start Date :
|September 2011
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|November 2014
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|October 2015
Experimental: Autologous CD133+ Stem Cells
Autologous CD133+ stem cells
Biological: Injection of autologous CD133+ stem cells at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting
Following completion of the distal coronary artery bypasses, autologous CD133+ stem cells, or placebo (saline solution containing autologous plasma without CD133+) will be injected into the myocardium.
Other Name: Autologous CD133+ stem cells or placebo solution containing autologous plasma without CD133+
Placebo Comparator: Saline solution containing autologous plasma
Saline solution containing autologous plasma without CD133+ (indistinguishable from the autologous CD133+ stem cells)
Biological: Injection of autologous CD133+ stem cells at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting
Following completion of the distal coronary artery bypasses, autologous CD133+ stem cells, or placebo (saline solution containing autologous plasma without CD133+) will be injected into the myocardium
Other Name: Autologous CD133+ stem cells or placebo solution containing autologous plasma without CD133+.
- Freedom from Major Adverse Cardiac Event [ Time Frame: 6 months ]cardiac death, myocardial infarct, repeat coronary bypass grafting or percutaneous intervention of bypassed artery.
- Freedom from major arrhythmia [ Time Frame: 6 months ]sustained ventricular tachycardia or survived sudden death.
- Regional myocardial perfusion and function assessed by magnetic resonance scans [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
- Global ventricular function assessed by echocardiographic measures of ejection fraction [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
- Relief of symptom severity after CABG surgery [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
- Device performance end point [ Time Frame: baseline ]Feasibility to produce from 100ml of bone marrow aspiration a final cell product that contains a target CD133+ cells higher than 0.5 million with a purity superior to 30% and a recovery superior to 10%.
- Quality of Life after CABG surgery [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 75 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age ≥18 years, and ≤75 years.
- Patients with severe chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy manifested by Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class II or greater angina, and/or New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II or greater dyspnea, AND who have undergone diagnostic coronary angiography demonstrating ≥70% diameter narrowing of at least two major coronary arteries or branches or ≥50% diameter narrowing of the left main coronary artery.
- Significant left ventricular systolic dysfunction evaluated by echocardiography or LV angiography (LV ejection fraction ≤45% but ≥25%) due to a prior myocardial infarction. This area of left ventricular dysfunction should be akinetic or severely hypokinetic, not dyskinetic or aneurysmal, when assessed by echocardiography or LV angiogram.
- No contraindications or exclusions (see below).
- Willingness to participate and ability to provide informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including presence of an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) or permanent pacemaker (PPM), or cases in which it is anticipated that an ICD or PPM will be implanted prior to the 6 month follow-up or claustrophobia (thus precluding performance of follow-up MRI scans).
- Need for urgent or emergent revascularization.
- Anticipated for concomitant surgical procedure at the time of CABG (e.g. valve repair or replacement, aneurysm resection, etc.).
- Hemodynamically unstable patients, as defined by heart rate ≤40/min or ≥100/min, and/or systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or ≥200 mmHg, and/or ongoing need for intravenous inotropic or vasopressor medications.
- Patients with confirmed myocardial infarction within 14 days, and/or rising cardiac biomarker proteins (i.e. CK-MB or troponin), and/or worsening ECG changes.
- Prior CABG surgery.
- Stroke within 3 months prior to plan CABG.
- Immunosuppressive medication (e.g. prednisone, cyclophosphamide, etanercept, etc.)
- Severe chronic renal insufficiency (serum creatinine ≥ 200 mmol/dl or need for dialysis),liver disease, (diagnosis of cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, or elevated serum transaminases ≥3 times the upper limit of normal), cerebrovascular disease requiring concomitant carotid endarterectomy, peripheral arterial disease (claudication as the primary factor limiting activity), active non-dermatological malignancy requiring on-going treatment, or any other condition that would place the patient at increased risk for complications during the first 6 months after the procedure in the judgement of the attending cardiologist or cardiac surgeon.
- Contra-indication to bone marrow aspiration (Thrombocytopenia <50,000 mm3, INR >2.0 ).
- Hemoglobin less than 10g/dL, white blood cell count less than 4,000/mm3, absolute neutrophil count less than 1500/mm3
- Active infection, with a temperature greater than 37.5°C within 48 hours prior to surgery and an unexplained white blood cell count in excess of 10,000/mm3
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Significant cognitive impairment
- Any condition associated with a life expectancy of less than 6 months
- Known allergic reaction or contraindication to any of the components of the CD133+ enriched cells
- Participation in other studies
- History of severe ventricular tachyarrhythmia's requiring treatment
- Positive laboratory test results or a history of syphilis, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and 2, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
- Pregnant woman
- Inability or unwillingness to provide written informed consent
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01467232
|Canada, Ontario
|Peter Munk Cardiac Center/ University Health Network
|Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2C4
|Principal Investigator:
|Terrence M Yau, MD
|Peter Munk Cardiac Centre / University Health Network
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
|Responsible Party:
|University Health Network, Toronto
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01467232 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|November 8, 2011 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|December 2, 2015
|Last Verified:
|November 2015
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Heart Failure
Myocardial Infarction
Heart Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases
Myocardial Ischemia
Vascular Diseases
Pharmaceutical Solutions


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Lab Reports
More Power, Less Money
Thayer Professor Charles Sullivan is working to improve the performance of passive high-frequency power components in order to make power electronics more energy efficient and cheaper to manufacture.
According to Sullivan, the passive components are often the limiting factors in improving the efficiency and lowering the cost of high-frequency electronic power converters. His research targets inefficiencies in the inductors, transformers, and capacitors that handle AC-DC, frequency, and voltage conversions required by electronic devices. For example, the power adaptors that laptop computers use to convert 120-volt AC power to lower voltage DC power lose considerable energy in the form of heat.
High-frequency electronic power converters are often problematic due to their size and weight, says Sullivan. Designers, he says, generally know how to make high-frequency power converters more efficient, but the results can be unwieldy and prohibitively expensive. Thus, efficiency often is sacrificed to make converters affordable. Sullivan maintains that innovation in both the application of new materials and the geometric configuration of circuits will improve the performance and cost of passive power components.
He sees advances in information technology as both a model and means for improving power electronics. "Electronic information handling has made it possible to access efficiently exactly the information we need," he says. Applying similar techniques to energy processing would "similarly allow us to use exactly the energy we need where and when we need it, with less waste," he says. "Our goal is to make designing power electronics as easy as designing information electronics, so that we can see the same rapid advances in energy applications as we've seen in information applications."
— Elisabeth McDonnell '08
Pollution-Detecting Molecules
Thayer Professor Ursula Gibson '76 and researchers at the University of New Hampshire are collaborating on a new method of monitoring watershed pollution: using molecularly imprinted polymers to detect contaminant molecules. Designed to recognize organic solvents, the polymer films can target a pollutant and generate a signal based on its concentration. An array of such sensors could be used to detect spills and locate their sources.
Gibson's team is currently developing the polymer coatings and investigating how to arrange them in the most sensitive configuration. Once they accomplish this, they will work on integrating specific coatings into an autonomous sensor package capable of identifying pollutants and reporting their levels for extended periods.
Advances in Ethanol
The nation's thirst for gasoline alternatives is driving new rounds of investment in Mascoma Corp., the cellulosic biofuel company co-founded in 2005 by Thayer Professors Lee Lynd Th'84 and Charles Wyman. The three-year-old startup recently reached $100 million in equity investment and received commitments for another $100 million in state and federal grants, including a $26-million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy.
Using proprietary microorganisms developed at the company's laboratories in Lebanon, N.H., Mascoma is pioneering new ways to turn non-food, renewable biomass — including wood, straw, switchgrass, paper pulp, and agricultural wastes — into ethanol and other biofuels. Lynd, recipient of the first Lemelson-MIT Award for Sustainability in 2007, is championing a single-step process for converting cellulose to ethanol — he calls it Consolidated Bioprocessing (CBP) — that is designed to be faster, cheaper, and more efficient than current methods. Mascoma is testing its CBP technology and expects to begin ethanol production later this year at the demonstration plant it is constructing in Rome, N.Y.
Investors in Mascoma, whose corporate office is in Boston, now include Marathon Oil Corp., General Motors, Khosla Ventures, Flagship Ventures, Atlas Venture, General Catalyst Partners, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Pinnacle Ventures, and Vantage Point Venture Partners.
For Lynd's views on the viability of cellulosic ethanol as an alternative to corn-based ethanol, read Answers to the Growing Fuel Debate.
Categories: The Great Hall, Lab Reportscomments powered by Disqus

subset: commoncrawl


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Using mc2xml to download the epg and it works perfectly. The problem is the xml file is much too big!
There is a file you can create mc2xml.chl that you can use to limit the number of channels downloadd.
I have tried many different ways to use this file but as soon as you put anything in the file, even only one channel to skip (eg: -I101.30644.schedulesdirect.org )
then no channels are downloaded at all!
Does the mc2xml.chl file work with the JSON service or is the only way to get a smaller xmltv file is to limit the number of days data downloaded?


text:
Choose your language, workload, operating system
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Scale to what you need
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Create virtual machines for on-premises servers, or scale up to the cloud to help balance resources and increase your application's availability. Virtual Machines can integrate Azure cloud capacity into your datacenter for global load balancing when you need it, or access true, on-demand high-performance computing capabilities in the cloud.
Experience open source, with options
Deploy a full range of open-source and community-driven software solutions on Azure. Choose from a full range of Linux distributions like Red Hat, Ubuntu, SUSE, and community-driven solutions like Chef, Puppet, and Docker. Deploy virtual machines for other products like Oracle Database and Oracle WebLogic Server. Azure is open with lots of options.
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text:
Armor of God Men's Christian Cross Necklace
Solid and weighty, stainless steel Pendant. Front side has high polished cross and frame surrounded in black Carbon Fiber. Back side has engraving with black filling The Armor Of God - Truth, Righteousness, The Gospel, faith, Salvation, The Word Of God, Prayer Ephesians 6:10 - 18" Measures 1 1/2" x 1" x 1/4" thick. Available on 20" stainless steel high polish curb chain.


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Brussels, 20 December 2011
Commission proposals to modernise the European public procurement market - Frequently Asked Questions
1. Why modernise public procurement rules now?
Public procurement rules organise the way public authorities and certain public utility operators purchase goods, works and services. They set up specific contract award procedures to ensure that public purchases are made in the most rational, transparent and fair manner.
Public purchasing has to be underpinned by particular safeguards. These prevent any preferential treatment that could favour specific economic operators and guarantee sound competition between economic operators, so as to ensure that contracting authorities get the best value for European taxpayers' money.
Public procurement is a key part of the Europe 2020 strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. It is one of the market-based instruments to be used to achieve the Europe 2020 objectives by improving the conditions for business to innovate and by encouraging the wider use of green procurement supporting the shift towards a resource efficient and low-carbon economy. At the same time, the Europe 2020 strategy stresses that public procurement policy must ensure the most efficient use of public funds and that procurement markets must be kept open Union-wide (all the more in times of financial crisis).
In the face of these challenges, the existing public procurement legislation needs to be revised and modernised in order to make it better suited to dealing with the evolving political, social and economic context.
In its communication of 13 April 2011 on 'The Single Market Act: Twelve levers to boost growth and confidence' (IP/11/469), the Commission included among its twelve key priority actions to be adopted by the EU institutions before the end of 2012 the modernisation of the public procurement legislative framework. The Commission committed itself to adopt a legislative proposal for a "revised and modernised public procurement legislative framework, with a view to underpinning a balanced policy which fosters demand for environmentally sustainable, socially responsible and innovative goods, services and works. This revision should also result in simpler and more flexible procurement procedures for contracting authorities and provide easier access for companies, especially SMEs".
2. How is public procurement relevant for the European economy?
Public procurement is one of the major items of expenditure for contracting authorities in Europe and an important element of the European Single Market. In 2009, the value of calls for tender published in the Official Journal of the European Union (i.e. advertised in the whole Internal Market) represented approximately €420 billion for the 27 Member States. This figure includes only those purchases which are subject to compulsory advertisement EU-wide, as they are above the thresholds for the application of the Directives. The overall value of the calls for tenders published in the Official Journal of the European Union represents 19% of the total expenditure on public works, goods and services.
A dynamic pan-European procurement market with easy access to these contracts provides huge business opportunities for European companies. It can greatly contribute to stimulating a competitive European industry and sustainable economic growth.
3. What are the main simplification measures proposed by the Commission?
For the main elements of the proposals for revised directives, see IP/11/1580.
To make the procedures simpler and more flexible, the Commission suggests notably:
4. The competitive procedure with negotiation appears more risky in terms of transparency, non-discrimination and equal treatment. Are safeguard measures envisaged?
The competitive procedure with negotiation whereby contracting authorities can negotiate with the tenderers to improve the quality of the offers will simplify public procurement and make it more flexible for more complex contracts. It will enable contracting authorities to purchase works and services better adapted to their needs and budgetary constraints.
The Commission is however conscious of the risks involved in this procedure. Negotiations shall therefore be supervised: contracting authorities shall specify at the time of prior publication the subject matter of the contract, the award criteria and the minimum requirements to be met. These shall not be changed in the course of negotiations. Any change in those parts of the technical specifications that are open to negotiations must be communicated to all firms participating in the negotiations so that they can submit new, adapted tenders. Before the negotiations are concluded, everybody must be given the possibility to submit a final tender. Finally, the conduct of the negotiations must be documented in the report on the procedure to be drawn up by the contracting authority and all contracting authorities shall be subject to oversight by a national independent body.
5. Why are thresholds maintained at their current level?
The Commission is not convinced that increasing the thresholds would achieve further simplification of the EU procurement policy. In essence, increasing the thresholds would mean that a larger portion of procurement would no longer be covered by the directives, and therefore, only subject to national rules, which might not always ensure the same level of transparency and non-discrimination as provided for by EU law.
Furthermore, the EU has to respect its international obligations. In particular, in the framework of the World Trade Organisation agreement on government procurement (see IP/11/1556 and MEMO/11/922). The EU has committed to ensure that the procedural guarantees anchored in the proposal would apply to all contracts beyond the same value as the one of the current directives. Increasing the thresholds would therefore be a breach of our international obligations. For instance, if the current thresholds were doubled, the EU would have to compensate for that up to €30 billion.
6. Will SMEs benefit from the modernisation of the rules?
Many companies, in particular SMEs, complain that access to public contracts remains difficult in practice, because of high administrative burdens and sometimes disproportionate requirements set up by contracting authorities. Among the measures proposed to remedy this problem, the most important is the obligation for contracting authorities to accept self-declarations as a first step; only the winning bidder must then supply the documentary evidence for selection criteria; documents which have already been submitted to the same contracting authority within the past four years and which are still valid shall not have to be re-submitted. This will particularly benefit SMEs, for whom the costs and time of supplying the documents is often a serious obstacle to participation in public tender procedures. Furthermore, the list of possible selection criteria is made exhaustive; yearly turnover requirements may not exceed three times the estimated contract value. This will hinder contracting authorities from imposing exaggerated turnover requirements which automatically exclude SMEs from participating in the procedure. Contracting authorities will be encouraged to split contracts into lots allowing for the participation of more bidders and will have to specifically explain when not doing so. Finally, Member States may foresee direct payments to subcontractors, so that these subcontractors – which are often SMEs – get paid quicker and do not suffer from sometimes bad payment practice of the prime contractors.
7. How is the regime proposed for social services being simplified?
Social services already benefited from the simplified regime applicable to the so-called "B" or "non-priority" services". As they generally have a limited cross-border dimension, social, health and education services will now benefit from a specific and much simpler regime. They will be subject to a higher threshold (€500,000) above which Member States will remain free to determine the procedural rules applicable, while respecting the basic principles of transparency and equal treatment. The only obligations shall consist in the publication of a contract notice and of a contract award notice. In addition, Member States will have to make sure that contracting authorities may take into account inter alia all quality and continuity criteria they consider necessary for the services in question. Member States may also eliminate the price as sole award criterion for such services.
8. Other services benefited from a lighter regime under the actual Directives. Will this regime be maintained?
The evaluation has shown that it is no longer justified to restrict the application of the normal procurement regime to given services, given that the cross-border tradability of the services which were not covered by the full regime is not significantly lower than those of the others. For legal services and hotel and restaurant services in particular, the evaluation has shown that the percentage of cross-border trade is significantly higher than the average for services falling under the full procurement regime. Therefore, except for social services, the standard rules will now apply to all services.
9. Does the proposed modernisation contribute to the implementation of the Europe 2020 strategy objectives for a greener, more social, innovative and inclusive economy?
To further support the Europe 2020 strategy objectives and due to the positive reactions to the Green Paper, the Commission suggests the introduction of a life-cycle cost concept, which will encourage public authorities to consider the full life-cycle of products in their purchasing decisions. The life-cycle cost will include internal costs and monetised external environmental costs. Member States and contracting authorities will remain free to decide whether to integrate life-cycle costing in their procurement procedures.
Contracting authorities may take into account criteria linked to the production process of the goods or services to be purchased.
In addition, contracting authorities may require that works, supplies or services bear specific labels certifying environmental, social or other characteristics, as long as only the criteria and characteristics of the label which are linked to the subject-matter of the contract are required and that equivalent labels are accepted.
More specifically on social inclusion, the Commission suggests broadening the current contracts' reservation in favour of sheltered workshops: on the one hand, this exception is extended to economic operators whose main aim is the social and professional integration of disabled and disadvantaged workers; and on the other hand, the minimum required percentage of disabled or disadvantaged workers is reduced from 50% to 30%.
10. Are specific measures in favour of innovation proposed?
Innovation needs to be fostered. With this aim in mind, the Commission suggests a completely new partnership procedure where the contracting authority shall cooperate with a company – selected in a regular competitive tender procedure - to develop an innovative product, work or service, which does not exist on the market. The Commission also proposes measures facilitating cross-border procurement and improvements to the competitive dialogue procedure.
11. Is the soundness of procedures going to be guaranteed further?
Conflicts of interests, illicit conduct, and the limits to when modifications of a contract during its execution are acceptable without new tender procedures, are specifically defined in the proposal. The contracting authorities shall not award a contract to the best bidder if the latter cannot provide the required documentation or if he has provided a false declaration either on the absence of any privileged links with members of the contracting authority or on the absence of illicit conduct from his side. Abnormally low tenders shall be investigated. In particular, an established violation of EU obligations in the field of social and labour law or environmental law or violation of the international social and environmental law shall lead to the rejection of the tender. Finally, the contracting authorities may specify critical tasks which shall be executed by the principal tenderer only and may not be subcontracted.
12. What do the governance measures proposed by the Commission consist of?
To ensure better monitoring of the implementation and functioning of the public procurement rules, Member States will designate a national independent oversight body in charge of monitoring, implementation and control of public procurement. They will provide support to public authorities and businesses through structures or mechanisms offering legal and economic advice, guidance, training and assistance. Finally, national oversight bodies shall cooperate and share information and best practices through the Internal Market Information system (IMI).
13. What are the main specific changes brought to the regime applicable to the "utilities" sectors (water, energy, transport and postal services)?
In particular, the Commission suggests improvements to the mechanism for exemption from the procurement rules provided for in Article 30 of Directive 2004/17/EC. The proposal clarifies the notion of special and exclusive rights. Finally, it excludes from the Directive's scope the exploration for oil and gas, because this sector has consistently been found to be exposed to competition.
14. What are the costs and benefits of the proposed Directives?
The current total cost to companies and authorities of procuring the goods and services covered by the Directives is estimated at around €5.26 billion per year (2009 data). This is less than 1.3% of the value of invitations to tender published in the same period. This cost relates to the whole procurement process and not just actions driven by the EU rules. Companies and authorities would still bear part of these costs even without the EU Directives.
The benefits resulting from the application of the public procurement Directives are about four times greater than these costs. Savings due to the increased transparency and competition resulting from these rules are estimated to be around 4-5% per annum. In 2009, this amounts to around €16.8 – €21 billion, without any allowance for improvements in quality or environmental and social benefits.
The measures presented today are designed to simplify the existing process further and should therefore lower the cost of procuring in general. For example, by requiring only the winning bidder to provide certain documents, the administrative burden on companies should reduce by over 80% (reducing the initial figure by around €169 million). In addition, the requirements to generalise the use of e-procurement should generate significant savings (estimated at between €50 and €70 billion per year for the total procurement spend).
15. When will the new rules come into force?
The Commission's proposals now pass to the Council (Member States) and the European Parliament for negotiation and adoption. If they are adopted by the end of 2012 as provided for in the Single Market Act, the Directives will have to be implemented by Member States at the latest by 30 June 2014.
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Interview With Nina Paley: The More You Share, The More Valuable Your Works Become
from the economics-of-abundance deptRegular Techdirt contributor Nina Paley has a fascinating interview (pdf) in the latest edition of Radical History Review. The issue is all about "new approaches to enclosures," so a discussion on enclosures around content and ideas seems absolutely appropriate. The actual interview took place a while ago, so it's a bit out of date, but is still a worthwhile read. It has a nice summary of the process she had to go through to clear the music for her film Sita Sings the Blues, which debunks the commonly cited fallacy that her position on copyright is because she failed to clear the music for her film. This is entirely false. In fact, she reached out to the copyright holders first, and even admits they might never have even realized that her film existed (or that they held the copyrights on the compositions of these ancient songs) if she hadn't told them.
People advise me, "Why don't you just ask the companies for permission?" But the cost of asking for permission is extremely high. All of the artists are dead, so I can't ask their permission. And all of the works belong to these corporations, and the corporations won't talk to normal people. If they don't know who you are, they don't return your calls or they just give you the runaround. They will only talk to lawyers and music supervisors, people who are paid intermediaries.Paley does a nice job explaining why the idea of the "tragedy of the commons" really doesn't apply to ideas and content, even if it's one of the regular justifications for copyright, and how the more her work gets shared, the more valuable it becomes:
We tried for months to contact the copyright holders directly, and they wouldn't give us any information or respond to us, so I had to hire a lawyer to talk to them. Before I even got an estimate of what it would cost to license this music, I had to pay $15,000 to an intermediary. When I specified that the entire budget for the film was less than $200,000, they came back with the bargain-basement amount of $220,000 to use Hanshaw's music in my film. And before they would even talk to me about anything, I had to pay them $500 per song and sign a piece of paper promising not to make any money from it at film festivals, and that after one year, I wouldn't even be able to show it anymore.
Calling both a grassy field and ideas a "commons" is interesting, because one of them, the grassy field, is tangible and scarce, whereas the other one is not actually limited. A lot of the conversation that happens around imaginary property is that people think that it's real. The "enclosure of the commons" metaphor definitely works for both, but a grassy field is very different from culture in that there's only so much grassy field. A grassy field is actually real; if, for example, you take a bulldozer to your grassy field, then the grassy field is ruined. But if you take your bulldozer to a copy of your work, then there are all these other copies. It doesn't affect the idea. It only affects one copy. So the concept of the "tragedy of the commons" doesn't really apply to intellectual/cultural works at all.Another key point made in the article is debunking the whole "but, but plagiarism!" response to copyright discussions, whereby people confuse copyright and plagiarism. She first covers how the two are different, and then notes that someone copying her work without crediting her isn't as big a problem as many people think it is, because (1) it doesn't actually harm her actual work and (2) the more widely her work is actually shared, the more people will realize that the plagiarist plagiarized:
Real things are limited. If you don't take care of the field, or if you overgraze it, then there's not enough grass for the other sheep. With cultural works, it's the exact opposite. The more they're shared, the more valuable they become. People apply these ideas about scarcity to culture, and culture is not scarce. People are thinking of the "problem of abundance": the idea that people don't know what to do with abundance. But there is no tragedy of the cultural commons. I've read justifications of copyright where people say that if culture is shared too much the value of the work is diluted. Who came up with that idea? The opposite is true: works do not become less valuable the more they're shared; they become more valuable the more they're shared. What on earth are they talking about when they say that sharing dilutes the value of the work?
I do want my work to be credited to me, but I don't think it's important or necessary to have that legal component of it, because I really believe that a community enforces that much better than the law does. No one would be sued for plagiarizing Shakespeare. If I publish "Hamlet by Nina Paley," no one is going to sue me. The freer my work is, the less plagiarized it will be, because the more people know what it is. I think what's really cool about free culture is that it actually protects work much better from plagiarism.Anyway, those are just a few snippets. The full interview covers a lot more ground and is well worth reading for those interested in these topics.
Filed Under: copyright, nina paley, sharing


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Athlete Development Camp on Sunday, January 28, 2007 was a great success! We had around 50 participants of all ages and abilities. Master Joseph Salim from The
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"Athletes, coaches and referees will have the opportunity to learn new training and competition methods while enjoying these unique destinations," said HLTC Director Herb Perez. "Additionally, their proximity to Asia will allow us to invite different coaches who can share their training methods with our members."
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The Emerald ash borer (EAB) was recently found in Boston, Massachusetts, adjacent to the City of Cambridge. Experts in the field of arboriculture believe that EAB could arrive in the City of Cambridge any time now, and in fact, it may already be present. EAB is a particular concern because of the speed at which it kills Ash trees, generally within 1-3 years. As a species, standing dead ash present high risk to public safety due to how quickly branches will fail. As of March 3, 2014, there are currently 883 City-maintained ash trees, representing 4.6% of overall City maintained canopy. The Department of Public Works has been following the issue for some time. The good news is that healthy Ash trees can be protected from EAB through proactive treatment.
What is the Emerald ash borer?
Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) is an exotic beetle that was discovered in southeastern Michigan near Detroit in the summer of 2002. The adult beetles nibble on ash foliage but cause little damage. The larvae (the immature stage) feed on the inner bark of ash trees, disrupting the tree's ability to transport water and nutrients. Emerald ash borer probably arrived in the United States on solid wood packing material carried in cargo ships or airplanes originating in its native Asia. Emerald ash borer can be found in approximately 21 states around the country, including Massachusetts. Since its discovery, the EAB has killed tens of millions of ash trees and regulatory agencies and the USDA to enforce quarantines and fines to prevent potentially infested ash trees, logs or hardwood firewood from moving out of areas where EAB occurs.
How can it be treated?
Ash trees that have been deemed healthy by the City Arborist can be protected through a proactive treatment using TreeAzin. TreeAzin is a product that is derived from seed extracts of the Neem tree and is administered at the trunk of the tree. TreeAzin is listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) for use in organic production in the U.S. and the pesticide is not hazardous to humans or animals.
For more information on TreeAzin, please click here.
What is the City of Cambridge doing to protect Ash trees?
Over the past few months, the City Arborist has inspected all of the City's 883 Ash trees to establish which trees are vulnerable to the EAB. In June 2014, the City Arborist will host EAB educational events for the public. The Department of Public works and the City Arborist will be hosting these events to give residents and business owners an opportunity to view the City's Treatment Plan, talk with the City Arborist one-on-one, express any concerns, or to just receive additional information.
In June 2014, the City Arborist will begin tree removal hearings for any Ash trees that he has deemed in poor condition and that is extremely vulnerable to the EAB. These trees need to be removed to ensure that the safety of residents, businesses, pedestrians, motorists and cyclists is not compromised. If Ash trees that have been deemed to be in poor condition by the City Arborist are not removed, there is a greater chance that large branches and/or the tree could fall, causing personal injury or damage to property. All tree hearings concerning the EAB will be published on the homepage of the Department of Public Works.
What You Can Do.........
If you have an ash tree on your property, please consider one of the following:
1.Treat. If you have not yet begun a treatment program, please contact a certified arborist to assess whether your tree is suitable for treatment. Treating in June or July is preferred to minimize damage.
2. Remove. Dead and dying trees become high risk for public safety. Remove and replace untreated Ash trees with a different species. Doing nothing may put you and your property at risk.
You can find a certified arborist at www.massarbor.org
Are there any maps that identify Ash trees in the City of Cambridge?
Please view any of the three maps below (click to enlarge) to view Ash trees in the City of Cambridge.
Replanting Locations Removals at Parks & Cemetery Removal Hearings
Susceptibility Map (2014)
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Where can I view more information regarding the EAB?
Please see click on the links below to view more general information about the EAB:
Society of Municipal Arborists - General Information
Society of Municipal Arborists - EAB Position Paper
Society of Municipal Arborists - EAB Toolbox
Who can I contact if I have any questions?
The City Arborist, David Lefcourt, can be reached at 617.349.6433 or via email at email@example.com.
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Star Trek: The Original Series
You may be looking for the Star Trek zine: Classic.
Star Trek debuted in 1966, billed by its creator Gene Roddenberry as "a Wagon Train to the stars". Considered ground-breaking for its era, Star Trek showed a multinational, multiracial cast crewing the U.S.S. Enterprise, a starship devoted to exploration. The series was saved from cancellation by fan effort after its second season, but was then cancelled after the third season.
Despite this, Star Trek survived, first in the form of an animated series, later as a series of major motion pictures. A second television series, Star Trek: The Next Generation, debuted in 1987. The original 1960s series became known as Star Trek: The Original Series, frequently abbreviated ST:TOS, or simply TOS by fans. For an overview of the whole franchise, see the Star Trek page.
Show Synopsis
The U.S.S. Enterprise, under the command of James Kirk, is on a five-year mission of exploration in deep space: 'to boldly go where no man has gone before'. Her crew often faces new phenomena, cultures, and planets, of the both friendly and unfriendly varieties.
There are seven major characters, although only three were ever listed in the main title credits of the show: Captain Kirk, his executive officer Spock, Doctor McCoy, Chief Engineer Montgomery Scott, Lieutenant Uhura, Helmsman Sulu, and Ensign Chekov. Other recurring characters include Nurse Chapel (played by Majel Barrett), Yeoman Rand, and various admirals. Spock's parents, Sarek and Amanda, are also popular characters; they appear in only one TOS episode, but return in the animated series (TAS), the movies and tie-in novels.
Some Second Season Marketing
inside page from #17 of Collage #17, "from a pamphlet issued by the sales planning division of NBC to promote the coming of Star Trek's second season"
inside page from #17 of Collage #17, "from a pamphlet issued by the sales planning division of NBC to promote the coming of Star Trek's second season"
Text of the second season promotion pamphlet:
"A"for action... "B"for believability [sic]:In the upcoming 1967-68 season, the U.S.S. Enterprise will continue on the audience-winning course charted by series creator Gene Roddenberry in his STAR TREK writer's guide. Believability [sic], the very first point underlined in this guide, is probably the key to the series' popularity with better educated, more discriminating viewers. Each STAR TREK episode is packed with action and adventure, but the characters and plot situations are never allowed to veer away from the immutable truths of human nature and a solid platform of scientific fact. No less an authority than Dr. Isaac Asimov, a biochemistry professor and author widely regarded as one of the world's top science fiction writers, has called STAR TREK "...the first good television science fiction." Episodes of the series have been shown in college classrooms and STAR TREK is reported to be a solid favorite in campus, dormitories from coast to coast.
a thinking man's adventure series:Returning for its second year as an NBC-TV color attraction, STAR TREK will take off for its weekly adventures in interstellar space from a new8:30-9:30 PM/NYT Friday launching pad. In this location, it will benefit from the lead-in strength of the Tarzan series, which paced NBC's new entries in the 1966-67 ratings sweepstakes. A viewing favorite among young adults (18-34) and teenagers, STAR TREK has averaged a 36 Q-score this past season to rank in the TV-Q Top 20 among these groups (and also in the total sample). The NT! Full Analysis Report also shows that it slants strongly toward better-educated, middle and upper income families in urban areas.
five emmy nominations:Singled out for Emmy nominations in five different categories, including "outstanding dramatic series," STAR TREK was one of the most honored new series of the past season. Other show and talent categories in which it received 1966-67 award consideration were "outstanding supporting performance by a dramatic actor" (Leonard Nimoy as Mr. Spock), Photographic Special Effects, Mechanical Special Effects, and Film and Sound Editing. This unique NBC-TV adventure series was accorded another unusual distinction when Leonard Nimoy was invited by the National Space Club to represent STAR TREK as the guest of honor on a recent extensive tour of the Goddard Space Flight Center in Washington, D.C. The tour was followed by a dinner for 1500 club members, at which Vice President Humphrey was the principal speaker.
one of TV's most loyal followings:Second only to The Monkees among NBC programs in the volume of fan mail it attracts, STAR TREK has been the recipient of more than 28,000 letters of support and encouragement from one of the most loyal and articulate viewer followings currently attracted by any television series. This mail comes from a wide diversity of sources — space technicians, college professors, college students, businessmen, housewives, and high school and grade school students. For the most part, the letters of these STAR TREK enthusiasts are distinguished by their thoughtful and literate content and by their stress on the believability [sic] of the series and the high quality of the acting and writing.
Much more information and original material on Star Trek can be found at the blog My Star Trek Scrapbook, demonstrating just how influential this series was to viewers of all ages and interests, not just to those already involved in science fiction/fantasy fandom. In fact, to many of its devoted viewers, this was the show responsible for awakening an interest in these genres.
The series counted numerous distinguished science fiction authors among its screen writers, including Harlan Ellison, Jerome Bixby and Theodore Sturgeon, as well as fostering new talent like David Gerrold. Several later shows were written by fan contributors. Guest stars included revered actors of stage and screen, while beginners who are well-known today appeared on the show early in their career. Many speak of how they are recognized primarily for the part they played in the show, however small.
This is the fandom where modern slash was born. This is also the fandom where media fandom split from science fiction fandom and became its own force to reckon with.
Star Trek: The Original Series has a very active fanbase that was born nearly the moment the show debuted and still flourishes more than forty years later. Fans have not only kept this series alive after it was nearly canceled after its second season, but also kept it going through many years where there was no new material through their production of fanworks, their organization of conventions and their devotion to their fandom.
A current trend as viewed on Fanfiction.net, as well as through other sites, is that ST:TOS is being discovered by a number of people from countries outside of the United States where it originated. Many new fans coming into the fandom have found it through the internet, international syndication or by accessibility to buying the DVDs and other media through large media-selling websites. The series was [remastered on television and DVD in 2006] with added CGI effects, to give Star Trek: The Original Series a more authentic feel and look which would be acceptable to modern audiences.
Another potential attractor to new fandom are the new movies, which were billed as series "reboot" and may prompt curiosity about the original television show.
Brief History of Star Trek Fandom
- Main article: Timeline of Star Trek Fandom
There is a wealth of information about Star Trek fandom.The first media fanzine was Spockanalia, which started publishing in 1967, while the show was still on the air. The second, ST-Phile, put out the first of two issues in January 1968. Inside Star Trek, considered at the time to be the "official" Star Trek fan club zine, began publishing in the fall of that year.
The first large-scale Trek media convention or "con" [1] was in 1972 (they'd hoped 500 people would come -- they had to turn people away after the first 3,000). Committee member Joan Winston gave a detailed account of that first guest convention in Star Trek Lives!.[2] The first media fan con (i.e., run by fans, for fans, with no guest stars) was August Party, in August 1975, chaired by Rich Kolker. The following year, the American Midwest's first media fan con was held: SeKWester*Con (pronounced "sequester con") in Kalamazoo, Michigan.[3] (Go figure.) At the second SeKWester*Con, the Fan Q awards were started to recognize Quality in Star Trek fan fiction, filks and art. (At some point, they started being given to K/S content as well. Year?). Starting in 1981, the FanQ awards have been given out at MediaWest*Con.[4] Beginning in 1984, and again in 1998, K/S fan writers, feeling that their slash contributions were not getting enough recognition, began holding their own awards: the K/Star Award and the Philon awards respectively.
Like the idea of zines, and conventions, the Star Trek Welcommittee (which lasted from 1972 until the web finally made it unecessary) was based on existing science fiction fandom practice; in this case, the National Fantasy Fan Federation (N3F) Welcommittee. [5]
As of 2008, there are still Trek guest cons and fan cons held every year. When Joan Winston died, her obit showed up in the New York Times as the Trek Superfan.[1] Star Trek fandom is still going strong.
As mentioned above, the first media fanzine was Spockanalia, which started publishing while the show was still on the air, as did ST-Phile; they both sent copies to the production staff and actors. In issue four of Spockanalia, the first romantic story featuring Spock appeared, "Time Enough" by Lelamarie S. Kreidler. The story concerns Spock's next pon farr and how he seeks out and mates with Lian Jameson, a part-Vulcan woman who is the head of the ship's Alien Research section. The two part amicably without bonding or any form of commitment when she is called back to Vulcan.
Star Trek, NASA, and Science
Star Trek's popularity was deeply enmeshed in many fans' interest in space exploration, travel, and NASA. Many zines contained news, photos, and updates regarding the current news regarding this subject. See Star Trek and NASA.
Star Trek also sparked and stoked an interest in science with many fans. Many people today recount how the show caused them to go on to study and have careers in science. The show is often cited as a reason by many women such as Mae Jemison and Candy Torres who have gone on to become scientists. [need more quotes and examples]
Star Trek as a Buddy Show Rather than Science Fiction
Joan Marie Verba writes in Boldly Writing that she was aware of
- "the ever-increasing number of Star Trek fans who had no experience with science fiction, and no interest in science fiction whatsoever. Many of these fans did not view Star Trek as a science fiction program. They saw it as a "buddy" show, or as a heroic/romantic saga, in which Kirk and Spock were the focus.[6] When these Star Trek fans wrote stories, they wrote about what they thought was most important about Star Trek: Kirk's and Spock's friendship... As a further sign that such fans found science fiction irrelevant, many K&S writers did their best to get Kirk and Spock off the Enterprise and by themselves in order to concentrate exclusively on those two characters (one K&S fan told me that was to avoid the 'distraction' of the ship and the Federation; in contrast, to science fiction fans, the inclusion of the starship Enterprise and the futuristic setting were essential to any Star Trek story.) Within five years, this "relationship" type of story was to dominate non-K/S Star Trek fanzines. One might argue that the 'relationship' (K&S) and the homoerotic (K/S) stories were merely two aspects of the same theme. Neither was concerned about science fiction. Both concentrated on the interactions between Kirk and Spock. In these stories, Kirk and Spock spend large amounts of time thinking about the state of their friendship (K&S) or love life (K/S), as opposed to thinking about their careers, the world around them, other people, the issues of the day, and so forth. Each has stories in which one runs to the rescue of the other. Both have stories of the hurt/comfort category... Although during the 'great K/S debate,' the K&S and K/S fans seemed to be on radically opposite poles, these similarities in the two genres are too numerous to ignore."
Romantic and Sexual Pairings
In the initial years of the fandom, not all fan fiction focused on romance. Fans wrote stories that could play out in the reader's head as an ordinary series episode. Some stories were actually in screenplay form. Some authors, notably Jacqueline Lichtenberg, submitted their original scripts to the show's producers, continuing to do so even after the series was canceled in the hope that if another network picked up the show their work could be used.
All published romantic fan fiction in those days was "het", often focusing on Spock's need to find a suitable mate since his canon divorce from his affianced bride at his last pon farr as shown in "Amok Time". Common het pairings in these very early stories are Kirk/Uhura, and Spock/Chapel. (The practice of naming a story's pairings in this fashion was not used. In fact, romantic relationships in stories weren't called "pairings". That word wasn't in common use until the early 1990s.) There are also numerous stories in which, similar to the canon episodes, the male leads have romance with original female characters, many of them quite well written. This took place before the Mary Sue panic began to influence amateur writing.
Spock/Uhura in TOS fanworks exists, but is relatively rare, especially compared to ST:XI where their romance was made canon. There were also some Spock/Saavik stories after Saavik appeared in canon, some McCoy/Chapel stories, and, again, pairings with original characters were more common than they are today.
The labeling conventions of "het", "slash", "gen", etc. were unknown; in fact, "gen" had an entirely different, possibly several meanings.[7] Fans would sometimes rate their stories according to the MPAA film rating system. There were no fanzine publishing houses in those days; each amateur editor put out her own zine, and usually most would not print explicitly sexual material. (User:KTJ speculates that these policies were because of the many fans at the time who were 12 or younger, but according to K.S. Langley Star Trek fandom was composed of people in high school or older and that anyone younger would not have had the money required to actively participate in fandom.[8][9] Sending explicit material through the mail was a felony, still is a misdemeanor in most states, and a Class D felony if anyone under legal age sees the material.
Some adult fans also disliked "dirty" stories (for example, Laura Harris' "The Alternate" in Spockanalia 3, which takes place during a poetically described sexual encounter; or Lelamarie Kreidler's "Time Enough" in Spockanalia 4, in which all the action is offstage), and had to be reminded that "psychiatrists say this is normal". Stories in which Spock established a matrimonial bond with a female but no consummation was shown (Jacqueline Lichtenberg's "Spock's Affirmation"[10] and "Spock's Argument"[11], and Judith Brownlee's "To Seek Thee Out" [12] were not objectionable, only descriptions of sexual activities, which were considered obscene by many at that time. When the first X-rated zine, Grup, appeared, it was highly controversial, particularly for its first-issue nude centerfold of Mr. Spock.
Non-explicit het stories thus had no label, while explicit tales are called adult, so especially with brief fanzine descriptions it can be difficult to tell whether a story would be counted as gen, especially if it is not only a romance.
The dominant slash ship by far is Kirk/Spock. There is also some Spock/McCoy, and a little Kirk/McCoy. Because Kirk/McCoy is a huge ship in ST:XI the latter has recently gotten some boost also in TOS as new fans discover TOS and bring their own slash goggles over. The occasional Kirk/Spock/McCoy threesome can also be found. There is a little Sulu/Chekov, but again less than in ST:XI. (I think?) But overall most non-K/S slash pairings can be considered somewhat rare in TOS.
For a list of TOS fanzines see: Category:Star Trek TOS Zines and List of Star Trek: The Original Series Fanzines and List of Star Trek: The Original Series Slash Zines
Also see: List of Star Trek TOS Zines Published While the Show First Aired.
Continuity In The Face of Fandom Migration Patterns
To some, being part of Star Trek fandom means being part of a 50+ year tradition. With that comes with it a sense of continuity, of being part of something so much bigger than oneself.
Writing in 2011, Kathy Resch points out: "There was always overlap. Some fans would get in, stay a few years, and leave – often for other fandoms. By that time, new fans had come in, met the people already there, jumped in and started writing, drawing and publishing. This process kept going, and kept the continuity...(There was a fairly major exodus of old-time fans in the mid to late 80s into Starsky/Hutch and Bodie/Doyle (The Professionals). Many of these people are still in fandom, just an entirely different fandom than what they started out in.)
And then there were people who got into K/S and stayed there for decades, like myself, and the editors of Merry Men Press and Mkashef Enterprises. I published my first issue of T'hy'la in 1981, and am working on # 31 right now.
The letterzines also maintained that continuity and sense of community. They included On the Double, Come Together, The LOC Connection, and the still-published The K/S Press.
The continuity was also fueled by the fact we got to know each other in RL [real life], meeting at conventions, local fan parties and other meetups, talking on the phone, writing postal letters, etc. That's one thing I hope internet fans can also share, because there's nothing like getting together with other fans in our own fannish space talking talking talking about our interests."[13]
Star Trek Fandom Online
Star Trek discussion groups and lists have existed since the earliest days of computer networks. The PLATO system had several Star Trek notesfiles and a Star Trek game. Computer bulletin boards[14] and Usenet counted Star Trek among their earliest forums.
In 1982 net.startrek [15] was created as one of the first 20 or so Usenet newsgroups. As part of the Great Usenet Renaming -- a restructuring of existing groups to make their names easier to categorize -- it became rec.arts.startrek in 1986. In 1990, alt.startrek.creative appeared. Soon after, alt.tv.star-trek.tos started, and almost from the start, the k/s-ers and gen fans pushed back and forth. One prominent k/s fan got tired of the same arguments being used against k/s over and over, and created the K/S Retort sometime after 1990.[16]
The main archive for fanfiction posted to Alt.startrek.creative, Alt.startrek.creative.all-ages, and Alt.startrek.creative.erotica.moderated (ASCEM) is Trekiverse and was established in 1991 and has been continuously maintained since then. Better Living Through TrekStories is an archive for the mailing list of the same name, as well as archiving stories posted to other Trek mailing lists, fanfiction.net and LiveJournal. It was initially called Better Living Through Treksmut.
For an overview of Star Trek fandom's online activities from the early 1990s, including show commentary, episode guides and fan fiction, visit the textfile directory. See also the Star Trek: Points of Interest which covers online Trek fandom for the period 1996-1998.
Other Archives
- Sarek and Amanda Archive, the archive for the Sarek and Amanda newsgroup
- Ad Astra :: Star Trek Fanfiction Archive, the (mostly) quality-controlled Trek fanfic archive for all series, including a very active Expanded Universe group.
- 1001 Trek Tales (archive)
- The Star Trek Archive at simegen.com, home of Kraith Collected online. Reprints of Sharon Emily's Showcase and Alternate Universe 4 are also found there.
- st_tos_kink a TOS kink meme
Star Trek: International Phenomena
While Star Trek was eventually broadcast in numerous countries, sometimes dubbed, sometimes subtitled, its growth was slowed by the fact that TV series syndication rights were complex and took time to negotiate. In contrast, Star Wars, which was a single movie (and then later a series of movies) was easier to distribute globally. And, while many people in the 1960s and 1970s lacked a television, there was wider access to movie cinemas which gave the Star Wars franchise the edge.In 1976, a German fan wrote a letter to Menagerie explaining the difficulty Star Trek fans in Germany faced in accessing the aired episodes:
In that same issue Australian fan Diane Marchant reported:"STERN TREK: Inge R. reports on fandom in Germany.
You ask me, is there a Star Trek fandom in Germany? Yes, there is, but not a very big one. Why? Oh, that's difficult to tell. To understand the whole thing you must know that we haven't a commercial television service. In Germany it's a public corporation. Every person who has a television set must pay a tax, DM 10,50 for one month, that's about $4.00. For that we can see three programmes ((networks)).
From 1972 to 1974 we were able to watch 39 Star Trek--called Raumschiff Enterprise, Spaceship Enterprise -episodes, and then there were no more, that was the end. Thousands of fans protested hard and wished to see more, but the series was not to come to life again, a truly unintelligent decision of our TV bosses. After all that trouble, we had no chance to decide. They just don't like Star Trek.
Nevertheless, we hope now at least for reruns. That's not sure, of course; possibly in 1978! You read right. Isn't it sad??? For a good month ((in March)) we've been able to see the cartoons, very artificial and with an impossible storyline. It is a nightmare! We are all very disappointed.
But here is an exception, so a few of us are very happy; we can now watch Star Trek on TV. After all I said before you may think it is impossible, but it isn't. We have Americans in our neighborhood. Through them we can get the American Forces Service Television in Germany. That's only on Frankfurt am Main, Nuerenberg and Berlin - in the American sector - as far as I know. By good luck, I am one of those happy fans. Now I can see all the Star Trek episodes I never saw before, unabridged, and with the original voices. What an enjoyment!!!Each Tuesday, when I watch ST, it is like Sunday. Do you understood my feelings? I think you do."[17]
And last in issue #10, French Canadian Fan Susan Armstrong wrote:"There is not all that much to be said on the current state of Star Trek fandom here in Australia, excepting to say that despite great adversity our ranks keep swelling.
Somehow I feel Star Trek has done a lot to break down our isolation with the rest of the world. We communicate, we share, we know folk who are as our selves in countries as far flung as Canada, the U.S.A., South America, Scotland, England, Germany, Japan, Borneo and New Zealand.
Our little Australian band is far flung, too. After visiting your magnificent United States I think it would take me a book to explain how really isolated each of our ((Australian)) States, and ergo their townships etc., really are. You just have so many folk and so many huge urban populations close together; we don't And your airlines are to inexpensive to travel, and so frequent. Also your telephone services and prices are a dream. Not to mention the number of T.V. stations you have in different states. We have four stations for Melbourne. Some of the other capital cities don't even have that many.
As for the series Star Trek, it has never received a fair go from Aussie T.V. stations. Channel 9 network has Aussie 'rights' to the series (and they are ingenious with excuses for fobbing off fans). In Victoria (and as far as I can fathom, other Eastern States too) the entire three seasons of Star Trek only made one complete run (minus 'The Mantrap'--too horrific to air. HA! HA!).Since the initial screening fans (in New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia) have been instrumental in getting brief 'mixed' re-runs (the most re-runs shown in one revival was 20). The latest re-runs were due to the advent of colour T.V. on the Australian scene but, alas, that was short lived too. Something about low ratings. (Goodness knows how those ratings come about. For the uproar in the press, letters and telephone calls surely must have outdone the so-called ratings). Still it's oh so frustrating, and yet, there is that within each Star Trek fan which rises above such misfortune. Perhaps OPTERMISM in the future and the COURAGE to go on in the face of any and all adversity, plus our belief in tomorrows yet unborn permits us a peace, contentment and universal love which knows no bounds. We are willing to communicate, we reach out, we struggle to touch, we understand, we are stronger and better because we can accept ourselves and others. WE ARE AWARE WE LIVE--STAR TREK HAS GIVEN US THAT!!!"
"PATROUILLE DE COSMOS A PRIS QUEBEC D'ASSAUT! Eyewitness report by Susan Armstrong: Fandom in Montreal
Well, to be honest, this reporter cannot be certain that ST, en Francais, has taken the province by storm. Mainly by reason of my horrendous French, I have not gotten much feedback on the inpact of "Patrouille de Cosmos." It is no longer running locally, but it lasted a couple of years, which must mean something. ST in translation was not half bad--once one became desensitized to "Prof" (Bones), "le radar" (sensors), "les fuseurs" (obvious), etc. The dubbing was excellent, lapsing only during loud screaming sessions (e.g., in "The Tholian Web"), when the English screams were still clearly audible under the French ones (and believe me, there's a difference). The translation was rarely exact --but the alterations were often for the better. For instance, the Spock-Kollos scene in "Is There in Truth No Beauty?", more or less abominable in English, was quite lyrical in French.
This passage, at least, should be recognizable: Espace--frontier de l'infini, vers laquelle voyage notre vaisseau spatiale. Sa mission: explorer des nouveaux mondes stranges, decouvrir de nouvelle vie, d'autres civilizations--et au mepris du danger, reculer l'impossible. ("Space, the final frontier...")
In Canada generally, ST seems firmly established in syndication. Switch on the hotel TV ii most Canadian cities, and chances are it will be running. A few years ago, in the Montreal region, one could conceivably pull in ST eighteen times a week on seven or eight channels. Nowadays, during a comparative drought, it graces the screen only six times weekly. With the kind of audience that suggests, ST cannot be an unknown quantity.
Scratch the average Canadian student and you'll find at least a casual Trekfan. However, our fen aredifferentiated from their southerly brothers in being much more firmly ensconced in the woodwork. There are perhaps half a dozen recognized clubs from sea to sea. (We are about to launch another one locally.) Gazing wistfully across the border at the grapevine-entangled U.S., the typical Canajun Trekker grows convinced he is the only one in the country. A chance encounter with a fellow fan--perhaps as a result of wearing a "Keep On Trekkin"' shirt into the locker room, as happened in my case--is a scene of penultimate ecstasy. Why are most northerly fen living in lonely splendor? Why this apathy? Perhaps because we have had The Starlost to console us?"
[Note: additional facts to add:]
- when/where was the show broadcast outside the US.
- first non US conventions
- links to the various non US fan clubs
- links to the non English fanzines
- links to non US fan archives/communities
External Links
- My Star Trek Scrapbook Blog by Frederick, a lifelong fan of the show, with many scans of contemporary magazine and newspaper articles, rare photos and interviews.
- Star Trek entries on Ralph's Trek Blog by Ralph Senensky who directed several episodes and relates his memories here.
- Star Trek Fact Check Blog by researcher Michael Kmet, dedicated to untangling fifty years of fact and legend about Star Trek's production history.
- Star Trek Rewatch on the Viewscreen Torie Atkinson and Eugene Myers go through the original series and part of The Next Generation 40+ years down the road. One of the first rewatch blogs.
- Original series and film reviews on The Movie Blog by Darren Mooney with an eye to both historical facts and mythology.
- Star Trek posts on Vaka Rangi Josh Marsfelder's post-structuralist analyses and critiques of the show in all its iterations. See also Vaka Rangi at Eruditorum Press.
- SF Debris: Star Trek Charles Sonnenberg's video blog covers all the Star Trek series and many other series and films.
- Alternative Universes Fanfiction Studies
- Notes for a Star Trek Bibliography: Fanzines!, from Stevereads, accessed 12.1.2010
- Agent with Style sells vintage Star Trek fanzines.
- New and used fanzines are found at Jim and Melody Rondeau's "Ugly Website."
- The Foresmutters Project manifesto Collection of early slash writings transcribed from print fanzines to preserve a history of slash.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 New York Times: Joan Winston, 'Trek' Superfan, Dies at 77
- ↑ Memory-Alpha Star Trek Wiki: Star Trek conventions
- ↑ Boldly Writing: A Trekker Fan and Zine History, 1967 - 1987
- ↑ List of Fan Q Winners each year, archived on WayBack Machine March 06, 2007
- ↑ Wikipedia.org:Star Trek Welcommittee
- ↑ In a sense, they weren't wrong. According to Bob Justman, David Gerrold and others in Ed Gross/Mark Altman's The Fifty-Year Mission, Gene Coon did most of the creative heavy lifting on the first two seasons; he saw Kirk, Spock and McCoy as the main characters and wrote accordingly. Roddenberry had apparently envisioned an ensemble cast with Kirk as the sole main character.
- ↑ According to K.S. Langley, "gen" was used to describe zines with no adult content; according to user:KTJ, in the 1960s and 1970s, "gen" meant a story taking place in the Star Trek universe but with none of the established characters. See Genzine for this and other uses of the word.
- ↑ personal communication with user:aethel, 25 May 2015.
- ↑ Children were avid viewers of Star Trek and there were of course child and pre-teen fans who read fanzines bought by a parent or older sibling, as mentioned in Regina Marvinny's Tricorder Readings. Children were frequent contributors to Tricorder Readings and Marvinny specifically mentioned child fans in explaining why she would not run R- or X-rated material. There were also Karen Flanery's brood, and especially the several fan clubs run by Sarah Cornelie "Sam" Cole.)
- ↑ In T-Negative 8, 1970.
- ↑ In T-Negative 12, 1970.
- ↑ In Eridani Triad 1, 1970.
- ↑ Recollection posted in 'The Pages Two and Three K/S-zine heaven (My trip to the University of Iowa Fanzine Archives)', dated March 3, 2011, quoted with permission.
- ↑ For those interested in today's bulletin board systems, there is The BBS Corner.
- ↑ The first post to this newsgroup was posted August 1982, net.startrek, about this group, Google Groups, (Accessed October 10, 2008).
- ↑ K/S Retort, also known as "The official alt.tv.star-trek.tos K/S FAQ".
- ↑ Issue #10.


text:
I Zwicky 18: Possibly the Youngest Galaxy Ever Seen
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope snapped a view of what may be the youngest galaxy ever seen. This "late bloomer" may not have begun active star formation until about 13 billion years after the Big Bang. Called I Zwicky 18 [below, left], the galaxy may be as young as 500 million years old. This youngster has gone though several sudden bursts of star formation - the first only some 500 million years ago and the latest only 4 million years ago. This galaxy is typical of the kinds of galaxies that inhabited the early universe. The galaxy is classified as a dwarf irregular galaxy and is much smaller than our Milky Way.
The two major starburst regions are the concentrated bluish-white knots embedded in the heart of the galaxy. The wispy blue filaments surrounding the central starburst region are bubbles of gas that have been heated by stellar winds and intense ultraviolet radiation unleashed by hot, young stars. The redder stars are slightly older stars and star clusters, but they are still less than 1 billion years old. A companion galaxy lies just above and to the right of the dwarf galaxy. The companion may be interacting with the dwarf galaxy and may have triggered that galaxy's recent star formation. The red blobs surrounding the dwarf galaxy are the dim glow from ancient fully formed galaxies.
This image was taken with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys in 2003.
NASA, ESA, Y. Izotov (Main Astronomical Observatory, Kyiv, UA) and T. Thuan (University of Virginia)


text:
Canadian Forest Service Publications
Publications by V. Lytvyn
1 record.
Comparison of the thymidine kinase genes from three entomopoxviruses
Lytvyn, V.; Fortin, Y.; Banville, M.; Arif, B.M.; Richardson, C.D.
Year: 1992
Catalog ID: 28907
Available from: Great Lakes Forestry Centre
CFS Availability: PDF (request by e-mail)
This may not be a complete list of the author's publications. This list provides the author's publications since he or she joined, or worked in cooperation with, the CFS. When available, another link is provided for periods of work elsewhere.
- Date modified:


text:
Sure enough there was a heavy and persistent drizzle falling from the heavens, so wet in fact that I paused to put a cover over my leather saddle. A drenched Brooks saddle is a ruined saddle. I was off at 6am into the warm, dark tropical wetness. I don't mind riding in the rain but I do have a problem stopping in it. I really don't like stopping for anything when its wet. I find that when I stop I just start getting cold. I rode until daybreak at 7am and the rain just got heavier. Or perhaps it was just that I could now see it persisting down. I certainly couldn't complain about the wind, as there wasn't any. Because it was about 17C I was wearing my light rain jacket not wanting to overheat by wearing the heavier jacket that I had packed in case the temp dropped. The down side of the light jacket was that by 8am I was soaking wet and although warm enough on the ups I was getting pretty chilled whenever the road headed downwards.
Three hours South of Nelson, I was having doubts as to whether the whole thing was going to pan out the way I had hoped. I just couldn't get the thought of stopping later that evening for dinner , and being wet and cold while I ate it, out of my head. I knew that after finishing the meal I would still have 80kms to cover in the dark and rain before reaching the half way point. I had then planned to have a sleep in the booked cabin and start back at first light. As I rode on the more I thought about the whole thing the more I decided that under these horrendous conditions I was unlikely to finish it within the time limit.
I stopped in the middle of nowhere, in the fog and gloom, and started cycling in circles trying to decide whether to go on or turn back. After two complete circles I was on my way back telling myself that I was not going to beat myself up about it too much. After all the weather was truly crap and everyone knows in my region that if its raining in Nelson you are not likely to ride out of it by heading West. I was for a while concerned as I rode back home that the weather may clear as I approached Nelson again but that was allayed as I descended the last hill towards the coast and found that if anything, the rain was falling with more vigour than when I left 5hours earlier.
I pushed my soaking bike back into the house, stripped off my sodden clothes, and jumped into the shower still pleased with my decision. Unbeknown to me, while I was soaping the road grime away Henry was eating my fried sausages.
What has been very satisfying is that for the next four days it has rained every day, flooding the local roads and creating havoc on the West Coast. During that time I have been on the couch with a book and a coffee telling Adi how lucky I was not to have carried on further. Four days of self righteously telling myself that this is no weather to cycle in was enough even for me. So with a bit of a prod from the better half on the fifth day of rain Adi and I where out on our bikes again.
The weather was still tropical and our 100km circuit contained a couple of options. There was a stay above the ground water option that Adi choose, or an option along the West bank of the Motueka River where the road and river became one at a number of different points. The later option was one that I wanted to complete not because I thought at that stage that it would be more fun, but because a car driver coming the other way told me not to go on because the road was impassable. Well that was like a red rag to a bull. No car driver tells me that a road is impassable. What would they know? It's an effort for most of them to lift their bum out at the petrol station to re-fuel themselves and their vehicle. So into the flood water I plunged on the Mercian after first putting him into low gear. She was pretty deep and if I hadn't have been having so much fun I may have concerned myself with how much damage I was doing to the equipment.
|Jolly Good Fun.
Today in the sun while admiring my bike while it stood on the deck I notice that there is still water draining from the interstitial rim space. I have also today, had to strip down the headset and repack it with grease. Other than that though all else seems OK, even though it was up to its brake callipers at times.
I still have no firm plans on how much long distance cycling I'll be doing this winter. But come August / September I will need to regain the fitness lost over winter and start training for Paris-Brest- Paris qualifying. I have thrown my 'cut down on sugar' diet out of the window and have now regained all the weight that I lost while cycling across Canada last year.


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text:
Colorado movie shooting suspect charged with murder
By Delords - Tuesday, July 31, 2012
Colorado movie shooting suspect James Holmes was charged Monday with 24 counts of first-degree murder -- two counts for each of the 12 people killed in the shooting.
Twelve of the murder counts cite "deliberation," and 12 cite "extreme indifference" to the value of human life.
The 24-year-old former doctoral student also was charged with 116 counts of attempted murder -- two for each of the 58 moviegoers wounded in the attack. Finally, he was charged with one count of felony possession of explosive devices and one count related to the use of an assault weapon, a shotgun and a handgun during the incident.
The 142 counts are all in connection with the July 20 massacre in the Century Aurora 16 multiplex minutes into a midnight screening of "The Dark Knight Rises."
Shackled around his wrists and ankles, Holmes was escorted into Arapahoe County Courthouse by two sheriffs deputies. Five other sheriffs deputies were standing in the courtroom.
In his first court appearance last week, Holmes appeared dazed and did not speak. During Monday's hearing, meanwhile, he seemed calm and frail, sitting at the right edge of the defense table with his dyed-orange hair matted on top, its roots dark.
For a while, he stared blankly at the judge's bench but appeared to be aware of what was going on. When the judge asked him whether he understood why his attorneys were asking for more time before a hearing, he said softly, "Yes."
About half of the approximately 120 seats in the courtroom were filled with victims or their family members; more watched on video in an overflow room.
One young man in the front row of the courtroom leaned forward and stared at Holmes without averting his gaze throughout the 45-minute proceeding.
Another observer, her left arm and leg in bandages, sat slumped in her seat. Around her wrist was a hospital wristband.
"It was very important to come today to see him as who he was," MaryEllen Hansen told reporters outside the courthouse. "I really wanted an opportunity to watch his gestures (and) study him as much as I could."
Her niece's 6-year-old daughter, Veronica Moser-Sullivan, was the youngest person killed in the rampage. Hansen's niece, Ashley Moser, faces a long recovery after being paralyzed in her lower half and miscarrying after the shooting.
"I got a sense that he was very aware of what was going on," Hansen said of Holmes. "He had an expression and kind of a persona of evilness to him. But he looked very sane to me, he really did."
Asked if she favors the death penalty, the retired school principal said, "I'm a Christian and I do believe that he should probably be locked away and live with what he did every day of his life."
Arapahoe County District Attorney Carol Chambers said last Monday that it will take time for prosecutors to decide whether or not they will pursue the death penalty, since they'd first want to get input from victims and their relatives.
Authorities have remained silent about a possible motive in the case.
A court document filed Friday revealed that Holmes was a patient of a University of Colorado psychiatrist before the attack.
The disclosure was made in a filing by Holmes' public defenders requesting that authorities hand over a package he sent to Dr. Lynne Fenton at the university's Anschutz Medical Campus, where he had been studying neuroscience before announcing earlier this month that he was withdrawing from the program.
The package seized by authorities under a July 23 search warrant should remain confidential, protected by the doctor-patient relationship because "Holmes was a psychiatric patient of Fenton," the request said.
In response, prosecutors asked Arapahoe County District Judge William Sylvester to deny Holmes' request, saying it contained inaccuracies including claims of media leaks by government officials that in reality may have been fabricated by news organizations.
The package is expected to be the focus of a status hearing set for August 9.
Prosecutors say they will begin turning over thousands of pages of discovery in the next couple of days. The defense says they need this information to prepare for the hearing.
During the week of November 12, attorneys expect a preliminary hearing and an evidence hearing that will include several days of testimony.
As Monday's hearing unfolded, 10 survivors remained hospitalized, three of them in critical condition. But there was some progress: The day began at the University of Colorado Hospital at Aurora, for instance, with three in critical, one in serious and one in fair condition and ended with two in critical and three in fair condition.
Meanwhile, those affected continued to come to grips with the horror. On Saturday alone, memorial services were held for four people killed in the massacre including two men -- Matt McQuinn from Ohio and Alex Teves from Arizona -- who died shielding their girlfriends from gunfire.
Closer to Aurora, which is just east of Denver, people worked to make sense of what happened and support one another. For some, that includes making sure the shooting suspect knows that they are stronger, better and united.
"The man was a coward. We're here to show that we have strength and that we're willing to fight back," said Don Lader, after attending Monday's court hearing.
"He looked defeated," Lader added about Holmes, "and he knows that he's not the one with power anymore -- that's us."
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