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In a broad partnership of city resources (Washington State Department of Energy, Puget Sound Electric and others), Seattle provides customized green building education, early design guidance, technical assistance, incentives, and recognition of sustainable building. They recognize and support a variety of third party verification programs including Built Green and LEED. They have published a series of green guides for various project types and resource lists. The city not only provides extensive information on external incentives, it also provides incentives such as FAR bonuses in certain areas, expedited review service, etc.
Model Policies
All new city-owned buildings with adequate resources over 5,000 square feet must meet the LEED Silver certification requirements. For buildings and renovations without adequate resources, the city will implement other cost-effective green building practices. The city will encourage the use of LEED and other green building practices in private buildings through code development, building standards, and land use regulations.
All new residential homes must meet the minimum requirements for certification as an Earth Advantage home, including an evaluation of energy usage, water usage, and air quality guidelines. Developers may increase the base density of units in residential developments by incorporating energy efficiency, architectural creativity and innovation, and the use of natural features of the landscape
The following requirements are effective July 1, 2010: All new or substantially renovated residential structures must comply with the Long Island Power Authority (LIPA) New York ENERGY STAR-Labeled Home Program. At a minimum, homes less than 3500 ft2 must attain a Home Energy Rating System (HERS) rating of 84; homes with 3501 to 4500 ft2 must attain a HERS rating of 87; homes with 4501 to 6500 ft2 must attain a HERS rating of 90; and homes over 6500 ft2 must attain a HERS rating of 93. All commercial and municipal buildings, regardless of size, must meet the ""designed to ENERGY STAR"" requirements. Owners of residential homes and commercial buildings that meet LEED requirements are eligible for a refund of 0.25% of the costs of construction
Beginning July 1, 2009 all new applications for single-family residential buildings in the city of Santa Fe are subject to the Residential Green Building Code. Home size determines the number of points needed to achieve each level of certification. Plan review and inspection of program elements will be fully integrated into the permitting and inspection process. The program is designed to coordinate with ENERGY STAR, utility incentive programs, and EPAct Home program
Any building permit or water hook-up shall be issued or granted only if the applicant demonstrates that the water demands created by the use of the structures for which the building permit, water hook-up or development approval is sought will be entirely offset (Ord. No. 2003-36 § 11). In all cases, the amount of water offset by retrofits shall be equal to or greater than the estimated water usage of the proposed building, as determined by the annual water budget procedures.
Ordinance 04411 adds the Green Building Program to county building regulations. It also establishes program goals, outlines rating requirements, and expedites permit processing for GreenPoint Rated or LEED homes.
Pima County's comprehensive, point-based program is voluntary. Home size determines the number of points needed to achieve each level of certification. Plan review and inspection of program elements are fully integrated into the standard permitting and inspection process. The program is designed to coordinate with ENERGY STAR, utility incentive programs, and EPAct Home program. A parallel commercial program is under development.
Greensburg Sustainable Comprehensive Plan, 05/19/2008: On December 17, 2007, the City Council passed a resolution requiring all publicly funded city buildings over 4,000 square feet to be built to the U.S. Green Building Council's LEED Platinum certification level and reduce energy consumption by 42% over standard buildings.
Greensburg's Sustainable Comprehensive Master Plan was created in an effort to rebuild Greensburg after a devastating earthquake in 2007. The Master Plan provides a framework for the rebuilding of Greensburg based around the principles of environmental, economic, and social sustainability. As part of the plan, all municipal buildings must be constructed to LEED platinum standards and exceed the energy efficiency baseline code by 42%. The city also has a windfarm that produces 100% renewable energy for the town. It is voluntary for residential homes to comply with the ICC-700 National Green Building Standard. The Master Plan incorporates all aspects of green building- from site selection to walkability to landscaping to hazard mitigation- every element is covered.
Kansas City requires that the design, construction, and operation of all new facilities and renovations in buildings with at least 5,000 square feet be built to the LEED Gold rating or higher of the most recent version of the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) LEED standard.
The city of Evanston requires that all commercial, multi-family, and city-owned or city-financed buildings over 10,000 square feet receive a LEED Silver rating or higher. All commercial, multi-family, and city-owned buildings seeking interior renovations must either receive a LEED-Commercial Interiors (CI) certification of Silver or higher or incorporate elements of thec ity of Evanston Sustainable Building Measures for Interior Renovations (ESBMIR). Projects less than 5000 square feet must integrate three ESBMIR measures, projects 5,000 to 20,000 square feet must integrate five measures, and projects over 20,000 square feet must incorporate seven measures.
Chicago requires that several green building strategies be used in city owned or funded buildings, including LEED certification, green roofs, and effective storm water management.
All new commercial buildings, including offices, multiple residence structures, industrial buildings and senior citizen centers greater than 20,000 ft2, must achieve a LEED certification. All municipal or city-owned buildings, regardless of size, must also achieve a LEED certification.
The city offers a density bonus of an additional market-rate dwelling unit for construction projects in which all dwelling units meet LEED standards. This bonus applies to projects within a Planned Unit Development and compliance is determined by either application or by affidavit for adherence during construction.
Newly constructed or extensively modified commercial buildings and multi-family residential structures with more than 10,000 square feet must be built to the Green Building Standards of the City of Baltimore. Compliance with the Baltimore Green Buildings Law requires, at minimum, either two earned stars via the standards option or a U.S. Green Building Council LEED Silver rating.
The Green Building Tax Credit provides a 25% tax credit for new buildings that achieve LEED Silver certification or equivalent, a 50% tax credit for new buildings that achieve LEED Gold certification or equivalent, and a 75% tax credit for new buildings that achieve LEED Platinum certification or equivalent, for a period of 5 consecutive years. This tax credit only applies to property that is principally used for business, commercial, or industrial purposes.
The Leading by Example Program is designed to provide feedback to and support efforts across the state to reduce environmental impact. State-owned buildings must reduce energy consumption by 20% using fiscal year 2004 as a baseline. All new construction must meet the Massachusetts LEED Plus green building standard.
Within the High Intensity Mixed Use With Residential HX-R Zoning District, floor area ratios (FAR) bonuses are awarded to LEED certified projects, based on level of certification.
This high profile, voluntary program offers recognition for high performing, comprehensively sustainable buildings.
Green buildings achieving LEED-NC certification in the city of Columbus, Ohio are eligible for LEED reimbursement ranging from a minimum of the certification fee to a maximum of three times the certification fee. All eligible projects must receive certification from the USGBC and credit for at least 8 of 12 essential LEED-NC credits designated by the city. The funds for certification reimbursement are available through the Green Columbus Fund, a $1 million grant program to encourage green building and brownfield redevelopment.
The 2009 update of the city's policy reflects an energy efficiency improvement from the original LEED Gold requirement for all city-owned projects. The new construction and major remodels of city-owned facilities must register with the U.S. Green Building Council and certify at the Gold level, in addition to specific criteria for recycling, water conservation, energy conservation and onsite generation, commissioning, and cool roofs. Tenant Improvements and Leased Spaces must register and certify at LEED Commercial Interiors (CI) Silver, or use the Bureau of Planning and Sustainability's Green Tenant Improvement Guide. Existing Buildings must pursue LEED EB Silver, with specific criteria for roof replacements. Additional standards are in place for historic buildings and operations and maintenance.
"Nashville has a voluntary green certificate program, offers density bonus incentives in designated neighborhoods, and has mandatory requirements for municipal buildings. To receive a green certificate of occupancy, commercial buildings must earn LEED Certified, specifically requiring WEc3.1 (20% water use reduction); residential buildings must submit proof of LEED or EarthCraft Homes certification. In the downtown area, development in the Central Business District is eligible to increase the Floor Area Ratio (FAR) cap from 15 to 17 if the project achieves LEED Silver. Projects in this district benefit from a FAR of 19 if the project achieves LEED Gold. In the South of Broadway (SoBro) neighborhoods, developments are eligible to increase the FAR cap from 5 to 7 if the project achieves LEED Silver. Projects in these neighborhoods benefit from a FAR cap of 9 if LEED Gold is achieved. All public and publicly-funded building projects of 5,000 ft2 or greater (or...
The Tampa Fast Track Review Checklist is not a rating system. It is a means whereby city staff can determine if a project meets certain sustainability criteria as to warrant a faster plan review. Some requirements include:
New and renovated municipal buildings 5,000 ft2 or larger must achieve LEED Silver.
Commercial buildings 5,000 ft2 or larger are required to comply with a third-party rating system, LEED or FGBC.
Residential and commercial buildings less than 5,000 ft2 must meet six requirements.
Other systems are evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Grants are available to help with permitting costs.
Charlotte County Board of Commissioners adopted a Green Building Ordinance establishing a Green Building Program. New residential projects and residential renovation projects that are certified under the LEED for Homes Rating System and new commercial projects, commercial renovation projects that are certified under the appropriate LEED Rating System, and land developments that are certified under the LEED for Neighborhood Development Rating System, are all eligible to participate in this program. All program participants are eligible for fast-track permitting and will be included in a marketing program to promote green building in Charlotte County. The County Board may adopt at a later date a resolution providing monetary incentives for green building, if County funds allow. Also, once the County Comprehensive Plan is adopted, the County Board will consider offering additional incentives including density bonuses for projects that are certified at LEED Silver and...
All new construction and renovation of state buildings must follow the guidelines of LEED or other green building rating systems, including Green Globes and the Florida Green Building Coalition standards. The bill requires the same of the following public entities in the state of Florida entering design after July 1, 2008: counties, municipalities, school districts, water management districts, state universities, community colleges, and Florida state courts. The bill further requires that all new leases of state-occupied office space must meet ENERGY STAR.
This law establishes a set of rules for creating a sustainable construction act. It also requires that state-funded buildings exceed ASHRAE 90.1.-2004 by 30% when it is determined by a life cycle cost analysis that payback will not exceed 10 years. All major facilities must achieve a 15% water use reduction based on the Energy Policy Act of 1992. ENERGY STAR designation is encouraged. Buildings should account for siting, local and renewable source use, and pollutant discharge.
State agencies should reduce the amount of energy consumed and the environmental impact of state operations. All agencies are responsible for producing a Strategic Energy Plan (SEP) that includes provisions for collecting and monitoring energy use data. LEED is one of several choices of tools to use in green building. SEPs should also cover preferred-purchasing guidelines, the use of bio-based products when available, green vehicle fleets, the establishment of recycling programs with agencies, energy consumption reduction strategies, etc.
Green building requirements added to San Mateo Municipal Code for residential and commercial structures. Green building requirements include resource conservation, waste reduction and diversion, and increased energy efficiency. Compliance requirements include planning applications, permit review, compliance during construction, and a final determination of compliance upon completion. In effect on January 1, 2010.
The Private Development Green Building Ordinance requires a Green Point Rating System (GPRS) be used during new construction and remodeling of residential dwellings (single- and multi-family). Commercial buildings must include all items on the city of Hayward Checklist for Private Non-Residential Development before a certificate of occupancy will be awarded.
Commercial buildings must be in compliance with LEED's minimum energy prerequisite. Residential homes (3 stories or less) must be in compliance with GreenPoint Rated's minimum energy prerequisites. Residential high rises (4 stories or more) must demonstrate energy usage to ensure compliance with 2009 GreenPoint Rated guidelines. Home Energy Rating System (HERS) ratings will be required for all multi-family renovations prior to attaining a building permit as of January 1, 2011.
Palo Alto's mandatory program addresses residential and non-residential projects. Residential projects achieve Build it Green/Green Points Certification and are certified by Build it Green/Green Points Rater, or verified by the city, depending on project size. Non-residential projects must achieve LEED certification; smaller projects are verified by the city, larger must be registered and verified with USGBC.
This mandatory program focuses on energy and water efficiency, as well as recycling and reuse of building materials. Level of compliance is tied to the square footage of the residence. A commercial program is under development.
Eagle County's comprehensive, point-based program is mandatory. Home size determines the number of points needed to achieve each level of certification. Plan review and inspection of program elements is fully integrated into the standard permitting and inspection process. Buildings exceeding minimum standards are eligible for rebates.
The index is a tool used to assess all planned unit developments (PUD), PUD amendments, final plats, major special use permits, and zone changes. The points-based index addresses: site and location, connections and uses, transportation, and resource efficiency. Each project must meet a pre-determined point threshold for approval. The SCI promotes mixed use, transit-oriented, new urbanist, form-based, pedestrian- and environmentally-friendly, clustered, infill development, and is a required finding for new development proposals reviewed by the Board of County Commissioners.
Fort Collins' Green Building Program was created to help align Fort Collins with the community's goals for carbon emission reduction, energy efficiency, and water conservation. The city has developed green building amendments for commercial and residential projects that will increase resource, energy and water efficiency and conservation, indoor environmental quality, outdoor environmental quality, operations and maintenance education for the building owner (residential) and commissioning (commercial).
With the 2010 Ordinance 1331, the city of Telluride adopted a green building program that applies to all new construction, additions, and remodels of commercial, residential, and multi-family homes and requires compliance with energy and green building codes. The city has created the Telluride Energy Mitigation Program (TEMP) that requires all excessive exterior energy use, larger homes, and heated garages mitigate or offset the impacts of the additional energy requirements by either using an on-site renewable energy source or making a payment in lieu. This includes outdoor pools, heated garages, and spas/ hot tubs. An energy code review fee equal to 20% of the project's building permit fee must be paid to cover the costs associated with verifying compliance. Funds from the energy code review and TEMP program will be used on town projects. Violating any portion of the ordinance will result in a misdemeanor, punishable upon conviction by a penalty as set in...
The "Stamford Cool & Green 2020" incoporates energy efficiency, renewable energy, solid waste/recycling, transportation, and community. Highlights include:
The 10% Challenge is a voluntary program to help households and businesses reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 10%. The 10% Challenge provides the tools and the information necessary to conserve energy at home and work.
Establish a list of the "top 10" green items or services that are routinely purchased by the city, or which represent a significant cost savings. Develop a policy to ensure that the green items chosen are purchased. General areas for consideration shall be cleaners, computers, fleets, office electronics, and paint.
Initiates a program that allows net-metering, which is the difference between the amount of electricity supplied to a customer and how much electricity the customer feeds back to the electric grid.
Electric sub-metering is required for all tenant spaces 10,000 square feet and greater in buildings 50,000 square feet and greater by 2025. Owners must provide monthly energy consumption reports to each sub-metered tenant.
Expanding Building Efficiency Incentives Act of 2009. The 1986 Internal Revenue Code will be amended to include an extension and modification of the new energy efficient home credit and guidelines on energy rating of non-business property, including home inspection ratings.
Energy disclosure is mandatory for all new and existing homes in Kansas. It is the responsibility of the builder or owner when a home is sold to disclose such information to the buyer.
The residential code covers energy conservation audit requirements. Prior to the sale or exchange of a home, the home must have an energy audit to determine compliance with the energy conservation standards of Roseville.
Relates to home energy rating systems, energy efficiency, conservation and weatherization for certain programs of the state Housing and Finance Corporation; prohibits the Corporation from making or participating in the making of, or the purchase of a loan for a residential building, if construction began after a certain date unless the building complies with thermal and lighting energy standards; and requires certification and training for contractors, architects, engineers and building inspectors.
The 2009 Seattle Energy Code requires buildings 20,000 ft2 or larger to collect energy usage data for the whole building daily, at a minimum. Flow meters and current censors are permitted for submetering. Separate submetering is required for HVAC systems, lighting, plugs, electrical energy, and heat content. Energy usage must be displayed in a visible, accessible area and contain information regarding daily energy use, average and peak energy use for the previous day, average use from the same day the previous year, and the total energy demand for the previous 12 months. The code also includes compliance requirements, including mandatory energy credits.
HB 2615 requires municipalities to adopt standards for issuing permits for the use of certain solar energy devices, including single-family residential construction with solar photovoltaic systems intended to connect to a utility system and single-family residential solar water heating systems. It also requires that any building or permit fee assessed by a city or town relating to a solar energy product must be attributable and defray or cover the expense of the product or service for which the fee is assessed.
This program focuses on whole community, including modification of building and zoning codes, creation of green building standards, incentives for green building certification, and city commitments. Changes to the general plan and zoning, requirements for LEED municipal buildings, and adoption of the 2006 IECC will result in mandatory changes, while incentives to promote LEED in private commercial developments encourage voluntary changes.
Arizona HB 2330 prohibits the sale of biodiesel that contains sulfur in excess of a specified amount, modifies requirements for the labeling of biodiesel dispensers and dispensers of biodiesel blends, and requires notification with regard to diesel that contains a specified amount of biodiesel or less.
Arizona HB 2064 relates to the biofuels conversion program. It specifies the procedure for awarding grants to wholesale manufacturing and distribution facility sites, increases the amount of such grants, and extends the termination date of the program. It also provides for the type of biofuel to be manufactured or distributed, an assessment of potential customers for whom the biofuel will be manufactured or distributed, and how the project furthers the use of biofuels. Finally, it provides for the costs of the project.
Colorado SB 39 authorizes cooperative electric associations to approve revenue-neutral, reasonable rates, charges, services, classifications, and facilities that establish a graduated rate for increased energy consumption by residential customers, giving due consideration to the impact of such rates on low-income customers. SB 39 also allows associations to use a community energy fund for energy efficiency, energy conservation, weatherization, and renewable energy purposes.
All single- and two-family residences must incorporate environmentally sustainable principles and low maintenance plant species into landscaping. A maximum of 50% of plants (excluding trees) may be nondrought tolerant.
Technical assistance and financial incentives must be established to encourage compliance with a variety of established third party programs. Commercial projects receive rebates based on level of LEED certification, while residential projects receive rebates based on the number of units certified. All new municipal buildings over 10,000 ft2 must be LEED Certified
Incentives are provided to utility customers (residential and commercial) in purchasing renewable energy services. Energy audits are required before funding is given.
Any county, city, or town in Montana that has enacted an energy efficiency program may include voluntary standards for new commercial construction that promote energy conservation and provide incentives for following the standards. Incentives can be greater than those offered by the state building code.
All applicants with buildings or renovations/additions seeking LEED certification in Ashland will receive priority plan checks.
The Arlington County Green Building Density Incentive Policy applies to special exception site plan requests for bonus density and/or height. The program uses the LEED rating system as a standard for measuring each project. The floor area ratio (FAR) bonus depends on the level of LEED Certification and building type (commercial, high-rise residential). The County established a Green Building Fund; builders that do not commit to a LEED rating contribute to the Fund. The contribution is calculated at a rate of $0.045 per square foot. (This calculation is based on the fees assessed by the U.S. Green Building Council for registration and evaluation of a formal LEED application.) The Green Building Fund is used to provide education and outreach to developers and the community on green building issues. Developers must post a bond or letter of credit before a certificate of occupancy is issued. If a project receives LEED certification from the USGBC, the Fund contribution is...
Arkansas HB 1624 promotes economic development and exempts fuel and energy used or consumed in manufacturing from the state sales tax.
Resolution-38-06 increases the urban forest canopy to 50% of the city's land area by 2036, purchases 20% of the city's total energy needs from renewable resources by 2020, and requires the city of Annapolis to purchase only ENERGY STAR equipment and appliances.
Initiative 202 authorizes the city council to levy and collect a Climate Action Plan Tax from residential, commercial, and industrial power consumers for the purpose of funding a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Colorado SB 78 requires the state historical society and the cities that distribute grant monies from the state historical fund to adopt standards for the distribution of the monies that allow the use of energy-efficient materials and technologies, as long as their use does not affect the historic appearance of a historic property.
Colorado SB 51 amends the State Clean Energy Finance Program Act to include credit unions among the lenders that may make loans under the program. It also includes renewable energy developers and installers of solar panels and other renewable energy generation equipment among the contractors that may be certified under the program. Finally, it authorizes the Governor's Energy Office, as administrator of the program, to develop and license the use of a "Clean and Green" Colorado.
This legislation permits solid waste management facilities to collect and convert methane gas from landfills to electricity or other alternative sources of energy.
Authorizes the collection of precipitation from a roof of a building that is primarily used as a residence and is not connected to a domestic water system if the water collected is used for fire protection, the watering of livestock, irrigation and household purposes. Concerns rainwater harvesting and water efficiency/conservation.
Residential and commercial buildings with even numbered addresses are allowed to water Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. Residential and commercial buildings with odd numbered addresses are allowed to water Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday. Watering by hand with a can or hose is allowed any day of the week, as long as the hose or can is physically held by a person. Residential fines can be up to $500. Commercial fines can range from $250 to $2,000.
Directly watering impervious surfaces such as driveways and sidewalks, as well as overwatering to the extent that water cannot be absorbed into the soil, will result in a fine of that will increase with each day of offense, up to $400 per day.
The city of Austin has numerous green building provisions within the city building code, with requirements that vary according to location, zoning designation and building type. The building standards rely on the Austin Energy Green Building Rating system and the LEED certification system as metrics. In some cases, developers have the option of achieving compliance under either of the two systems. Under the Austin Energy Green Building Rating System, buildings are awarded up to five stars depending on the number and breadth of green building elements that are incorporated into the design. In terms of energy efficiency, rated buildings are designed to exceed the Austin Energy Code.
All state agencies and institutions constructing state-owned facilities over 5,000 gross feet squared in size, and renovations of such buildings valued at 50% of the assessed building value, shall be required to design and construct consistent with energy performance standards at least as energy efficient as LEED Silver or earn two green globes in the Green Globes rating system. Agencies and institutions are instructed to purchase or lease ENERGY STAR-rated appliances and equipment if ENERGY STAR is available for the category of equipment/appliance. In addition, the order instructs the Commonwealth to encourage the private sector to adopt energy-efficient building standards by giving preference when leasing facilities for state use to facilities meeting LEED Silver standards or earning at least two Green Globes in the Green Globes standard
All residential and commercial structures designed to achieve green building certification will receive priority plan review. Commercial buildings must be designed to achieve, at a minimum, LEED silver, which residential homes must be designed to achieve, at a minimum, LEED Homes silver, Nation Green Building Standards (NGBS) silver, Earthcraft select status, or Green Globes (3 to 5 green globes).
All city buildings over 5,000 square feet, new or renovated, will meet the LEED Silver rating whenever technically possible. LEED building will be promoted in the private sector, and city staff will continue to be educated in green building practices.
Residential, commercial, and mixed structures are eligible to apply for participation in Clark County's pilot program for sustainable development. The goal of the project is to promote and encourage the incorporation of elements of the Living Building Challenge into buildings and communities. The program will allow deviations from the current code requirements that might otherwise prevent sustainable buildings from being built. Applications will be accepted for 5 years or until six projects have been selected.
All new city-owned buildings over 5,000 square feet and buildings with over 50% new construction must adhere to the Sustainability Plan of the city, including LEED rating requirements.
In addition to the building codes of the city, the following is required: a minimum Home Energy Rating System (HERS) score of 83; one programmable thermostat on every story; return air paths on rooms must be closed off by a door; all joints in the air distribution system must be sealed with duct mastic; ASHRAE 62.2 must be met in respect to indoor air quality, HVAC system; HVAC plenums must be constructed of sheet metal; air filters must be replaced before occupancy; carpets, cushions, and adhesives must carry the Carpet and Rug Institute's (CRI) green label; vinyl wallpaper is not allowed in portions of the home. In addition to the landscape ordinance, bedding must be mulched using recycled content; and each installed tree must have an irrigation drip bag or zoned bubbler system. In addition to the city's waste and recycling regulations, construction waste, including brick and wood, must be recycled
Before residential homes may be built, a site plan must be prepared that identifies important features such as native vegetation and nearby water sources including streams and springs. The site plan must also contain a report on how the features of the site may be used to support green building and low impact development. Green certification may be attained by BuiltGreen or LEED.
The original ordinance was signed in 2000, with additional definitions added in 2006 for clarification. Gilbert's water conservation ordinance addresses irrigation water use in new residential developments and commercial properties. Water-intensive landscaping in common areas of a new single family or multi-family development shall not exceed 10% of the total landscapable area in the new development. If reclaimed water is used on such common areas, the town's reclaimed water incentive rate shall be charged. If only reclaimed water is used on common areas, the amount of water-intensive landscaping may increase to 50% of the total landscapable area. In model homes, the following restrictions apply: (a) The combined water-intensive landscaping and water features of model homes in new single-family developments shall not exceed 20% of the landscapable area; (b) Water-intensive landscaping shall be located only where it is functionally useful, such as in play areas or...
The city of Stamford will strive to purchase green alternatives to the top 10 items or services routinely purchased by the city, or which represent a significant cost savings, including cleaners, computers, fleets, office electronics, and paint.
All landscaping, except native plants, drought-tolerant landscape and that of single family residential homes, must be equipped with irrigation systems that are designed to avoid runoff, low-head drainage, and over spray. Turf areas must utilize low-volume irrigation and be on a separate line from plant irrigation.
All irrigation systems must be installed with a rainwater sensor that will override the system to ensure landscapes are not being watered in the rain. Violators will be charged a fine that will increase with each day of offense, up to $400 per day.
In addition to requirements for increased energy performance, indoor air quality and homeowner education, the residential green building ordinance specifies the need for waste reduction and recycling. The waste reduction goal is to divert a minimum of 50% (by weight) from the landfill site.
The minimum standards for the commercial green building program include: 100% of all roofs must comply with the ENERGY STAR Cool Roof Program; shade trees shall be planted along the front of the building to create a pedestrian environment and to mitigate heat; potable water for landscape must be reduced by at least 50%; all concrete and metal must be recycled from construction and demolition waste; and education programs concerning commercial green building initiatives will be hosted.
Arizona HB 2336 authorizes the governing body of a city or town to designate renewable energy incentive districts to encourage the construction and operation of renewable energy equipment in the district. It also provides for expedited zoning procedures, abatement of zoning fees, expedited processing of permits, and abatement or waivers of development standards and requires a public hearing.
The Federal government will reduce the amount of energy consumed by 30% by the end of FY15.
The Virginia Board of Housing and Community Development (a Governor-appointed board) has authority to adopt changes to the Uniform Statewide Building Code (USBC). The adoption process for modifications may take up to 12 months. Virginia is on a 3-year review cycle concurrent with the publications of new editions of the model codes. Virginia has consistently adopted the IECC published versions the past four code cycles. Virginia adopted the 2009 IECC, effective March 1, 2011, with a 1-year phase-in period during which builders and designers can still use the current USBC version.
The purpose of this document is to compile and summarize city and county ordinances that provide incentives or regulations to promote sustainable development. City or county officials can use this document to aid in drafting sustainable development policies for their local area. The goal of this booklet is to increase knowledge and awareness of current policies and ordinances created around the theme of sustainable development and conservation.
This document provides a sample ordinance, including a blank template.
Index of Green Building Provisions in Florida Municipal Codes, 2009
This template offers ideas, provisions, and definitions a local government may chose to include when developing a green building ordinance. This document also includes ordinances and resolutions already passed by Florida jurisdictions.
Public Resources Code Section 25402.1(h)2 and Section 10-106 of the Building Energy Efficiency Standards establish a process which allows local adoption of energy standards that are more energy efficient than the statewide Standards. This process allows local governments to adopt and enforce energy standards before the statewide Standards effective date, require additional energy conservation measures, and/or set stricter energy budgets. Local governments are required to apply to the Energy Commission for approval, documenting the supporting analysis for how the local government has determined that their proposed Standards will save more energy than the current statewide Standards and the basis of the local government's determination that the local standards are cost-effective. Once the Energy Commission staff has verified that the local standards will require buildings to use no more energy than the current statewide Standards and that the documentation requirements...
This law provides model policy ordinances for construction and demolition (C&D) construction, green building, etc.
In an effort to lead by example, the Federal Government must increase energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, conserve water, reduce waste and pollution, practice green procurement, and construct high performance buildings. Detailed efforts on achieving the goals to lead by example are outlined in this ordinance.
In addition to green building requirements for all new city construction to attain a LEED certification, Derry also requires the purchase of hybrid vehicles and alternative fuel for the town fleet.
SBC-11 involves education and training requirements for building inspectors and code officials.
In addition to the state energy goals of reducing fossil fuel usage by 15% by 2015 and increasing the total renewable energy use to 25%, the Next Generation Energy Act requires utilities to provide technical assistance for all residential and commercial projects that incorporate green building practices in their construction.
The Oregon Building Codes Division has the authority to approve and adopt codes and proposed code amendments. The state building code is derived from the most appropriate version of base model codes, which are adopted approximately every 3 years from the last Oregon specialty code effective date. Oregon adopted the OR Residential Specialty Code (ORSC) effective July 1, 2011 and the OR Energy Efficiency Specialty Code (OEESC) for commercial buildings effective July 1, 2010. Oregon has also adopted a commercial reach code, which became effective July 1, 2011. This is a voluntary code based on the International Green Construction Code. Oregon is one of the few states that now has a reach code based on the baseline code, which has exceeded the IECC version for the last two code cycles.
The Idaho Building Code Board has authority to adopt and amend building codes pursuant to I.C. Section 39-4109. Updated codes are adopted every 3 years by the Idaho Legislature as they are revised by the International Code Council. Idaho has consistently adopted the IECC published versions the past four code cycles. Idaho adopted the 2009 IECC on January 1, 2011.
The Iowa Building Code Commission has the authority to adopt and amend the building codes. The state energy code is reviewed on a 3-year code cycle corresponding to publication of the IECC. Iowa has consistently adopted the IECC published version the past three code cycles. Iowa adopted the 2009 IECC on January 1, 2010.
August 28, 2009, Governor Pat Quinn signed the Energy Efficient Building Act into law. The Act established a statewide residential energy code (for the first time), which requires that newly constructed residential buildings meet the minimum standards set forth in the most recent version of the International Energy Conservation Code (2009 IECC). The Illinois Capital Development Board (CDB) must now review and adopt the code through an administrative proceeding. The Illinois Capital Development Board adopts each new version of the IECC within 9 months of its publication, with an effective date 3 months afterwards. Administrative rules for the law are developed by CDB and approved by the General Assembly's Joint Committee on Administrative Rules (JCAR). Illinois has adopted the last three published versions of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1. The state is now on track to adopt both residential and commercial consistently. Illinois adopted the 2009 IECC/ASHRAE 90.1-2007 on...
All city departments will incorporate green and environmentally preferred purchasing practices into the current program. All departments are responsible for purchasing ENERGY STAR or similarly energy-efficient appliances, using and encouraging contractors to use recycled materials, purchasing Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxic (PBT) free products when available and using alternative fuels and hybrid vehicles when possible.
Resolution No. 07-09 requires a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2% annually from 2007, until 80% of baseline (FY 2001-02) is reached.
This communication pertains to log home testing. The log home industry will not support any new code changes because many of the standards are too restrictive. The council has agreed to use REScheck, however.
Chicago has several green roof incentive programs, including the Green Roof Improvement Fund, a 50% grant match for the cost of placing a green roof on an existing building located in the Central Loop TIF District up to a maximum grant amount of $100,000 per project, and the Green Roof Grant Program, which awards $5,000 grants for green roof projects on residential and small commercial projects. In addition, the city of Chicago currently requires all new, near-flat roofs meet the U.S. EPA ENERGY STAR cool roof standards as part of the Chicago Energy Conservation Code. A cool roof uses special materials to reflect the sun's heat instead of warming the building below. The city's Cool Roofs Grant Program provides up to $6,000 each to help residents and small business owners install roofs that meet or exceed the cool roof standards.


text:
Add an Input or Output directive to obj.conf to instruct the server to insert your filter into the filter stack. The format of the directive is as follows:
Directive fn=insert-filter filter="filter-name" [name1="value1"]...[nameN="valueN"]
Directive is Input or Output.
filter-name is the name of the filter, as passed to filter_create, to insert.
nameN="valueN" are the names and values of parameters that are passed to the filter's insert filter method.
Filters that process incoming data should be inserted using an Input directive. Filters that process outgoing data should be inserted using an Output directive.
To ensure that your filter is inserted whenever a client sends a request, add the Input or Output directive to the default object. For example, the following portion of obj.conf instructs the server to insert a filter named example-replace and pass it two parameters, from and to:
<Object name="default"> Output fn=insert-filter filter="example-replace" from="Old String" to="New String" ... </Object>

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Great work everybody on this testing. I have a couple of thoughts and question though which are purely theoretical as I have never tried this idea yet.
If the idea is to dry the methoxide is it not possible to measure the water content of the methoxide before reacting the oil? Rather that testing the oil which introduces other variables, dissolved water in the oil and in fine food particles.
The 3/27 test or the 10/90 test. Very small quantities so the possibility of measuring errors are greater.
I use a 270/30 test, a local coke bottle has a moulding mark at 270ml so measurement is easy. Just mark the bottom of the bottle with 3ml mark and 5ml and 10ml mark for quick check. Otherwise a syringe body glued to the cap with a hole through the cap will give an accurate drop out measurement. All the drop out is at the bottom of the bottle just pour off the top methanol and use again, the bottom bit use in the next batch and the mono & dies get another chance to convert.
the trick is to keep the methanol on closed containers with little air space so as not to absorb water. I have kept my test running sometimes for a couple of days, where there is 100%pass initially there is never any additional drop out. IME (in my experience)
Hi Tilly and thank you for your comments.
The testing so far demonstrates that something is affected in the main reaction by the addition of quicklime to methoxide. I don't think we know exactly what.
So the method is not nonsense. I am still thinking about it and I wonder, as I mentioned above, if it would be useful to those who don't have access to good quality methanol. Even the stuff that is sold as virgin can contain a lot of water.
Also, the wvo experiment I conducted was carried out using wvo that was perhaps much drier than that used by the average backyard brewer. It was a simple task for me to heat up 3 litres of oil on the stove and dry it thoroughly. I did think that I had done a pretty good job drying the 200 litre batch in my processor, but when I started heating up 3 litres of it in a pan it popped and crackled like crazy. Imisides's sole test of whether the oil is dry enough is a visual check of clarity. Even clear oil can be pretty wet. I'm wondering if the methoxide that has been treated with quicklime encourages a better reaction with wet wvo than untreated methoxide.
I'm not sure I want to undertake too much more testing, though it has been an interesting exercise so far.
Hi Dave,
Thank you for your kind comments.
I think that we must conclude that some chemical change, or the transfer of something to the wvo as a result of glyc washing caused that problem in our large batches over Christmas.
Like you, I also perceived a reduction in the byproduct layer in the 200 litre batch, but it was difficult to put a figure on it due to the conversion that took place as a result of the enhanced glyc wash. I remember that I got a good bit more glycerol out after the enhanced prewash than I had put in, so a fair bit of oil had converted and resultant byproduct dropped before starting the stage 1 reaction.
Hi David. Regarding dry oil, most of the moisture in the oil is in food particles, I filter my oil through a big blue string wound cartridge filter at 100Mu. the oil comes out clear. Fortunately I have a loose pump and hoses for this and am not dependant on the processor pump. I built a separate heater/dryer out of 210 litre steel drums with gas burners underneath, a turbo dryer with silica jell to dry the air and spray nozzle to fan the oil on top of the drum. The oil is circulated the whole time through the pump sucked from the bottom and through the spray nozzle on top, by the time the oil is at 60DegC I assume it is really dry. Then transfer to processor . Bit off topic but if dry oil is a prerequisite than maybe its important to dry the oil.
Hi Sam,
Yes, I have been thinking for some time that I ought to make a purpose built drying rig using a 210 litre drum. Sounds like you have a fantastic set-up there. I use the immersion heaters in my processor to heat up the 200 litre batch and then continually bubble it with the turbo dryer before reheating and so on. Even after three days my oil still isn't dry, and I'm going to have to continue the heating and bubbling a bit longer.
Making a drying drum is just one of a long list of things on my 'to do' list!
Thank you for your input
Hi Tilly,
Firstly these soaps were insoluble in water.
A flame colour test gave a brick red colour, the sign of calcium or calcium salts.
Hi Dgs,
How did you determine it was soap?
What burned brick red colour?
Hi David,
Once again I thank you for performing these tests.
I can not recall saying the procedure was nonsense.
However, considering the claims made such as Fooloproof, no titration required, the reaction finished in 10 minutes at room temperature while using a HUGE excess of KOH and not enough Methanol...
The results are as expected.
I didn't say anything about being burnt.
Some of the soap precipitate that I recovered from the centrifuge was put onto a nichrome wire and subjected to a flame, it showed a brick red colour, indicating the presence of calcium.
A flame test is an inexpensive test that produces significant information in analysing a sample.You can do it with a paper clip that's bent with a small circle on one end and a natural gas bunsen burner. A flame test is taught in first year college chemistry here in Texas. I have done the flame test. You get a chart giving the colour produced when to dip the 1/2 centimeter circle of the paper clip into a solution of the material being tested. In this case the results are consistent with calcium being present due to the observed fact of the brick red colour produced when the flame test was done. Also analysis/identification of a material sometimes may be done by observing physical properties of a material being consistent with knowing what the starting material was what was present when the material formed in this case calcium oxide, vegetable oil, caustic, methanol and some water produced by the formation of methoxide. So we know that soap scum that forms when a person takes a bath using hard water (ring around the tub) is soap that forms from a reaction of elements on the left side of the periodic chart with a valence of two (they form two bonds) those types of soaps have two fatty acids bonded to a central calcium or magnesium atom. The end of the fatty acid with the carboxilic acid group bonds to one of the two oxygen at the acid end of the fatty acid leaving the two long non-polar tails extending outwards. So calcium soap is insoluble in water. It was observed that a product of the imisides cold esterification of vegetable oil produced a product with properties consistent with those that calcium soap have, therefore the insoluble material probably is calcium soap. Possibly you might suggest what else it might be? Thanks
Excellent explanation Wesley, thank you.This message has been edited. Last edited by: Dgs,
Hi Wesley,
Thank you for your very thorough explanation.
I knew Minder was wrong
Not being a person who worries about soap, I did ask how it was determined to be soap but did not receive an answer.
What properties did this substance have that would make someone think of soap?
According to a chart I just looked at "brick Red" also indicates cadmium.
There are other chemicals that also show red in the flame test so I guess you would need to be quite experienced to be able to differentiate between Brick red and the other types of red.
Always a pleasure
Hi Tilly,
Is it really likely to be anything else but calcium when CaO was used to dry the methoxide.
Do you fancy mixing up some cadmium methoxide to try a flame test?
Hi Tilly
Do you think if the methanol quantity were upped, say to 20%, the reactions would complete in a single stage?
Hi Dgs,
Back to my original question, how did you determine it was soap?
Hi David,
Many people do make biodiesel that passes the 3/27 test using a single stage reaction and 20% methanol.
It is very unlikely that a single stage procedure will pass the 3/27 test using the very limited amount of methanol that is present in this procedure.
The other concern is the limited amount of time the reaction is run considering the temperature.
This procedure as written was never intended to produce biodiesel that passes the 3/27 test. All that was required was separation.
Hi David,
This is exactly what I have been saying for the last year.
When you do a "glycerine prewash" or whatever else you might want to call it that contains an unknown amount of chemicals, it is impossible to do any meaningful tests.
I do a glycerine prewash, and then titrate after I have drained the glycerine. It lowers the titration value a couple of grams.
Hi TDIguy2,
There can be many advantages to doing this.
One disadvantage however of glycerol pre-treating is that a suprising amount of soap can be transferred from the glyc into the oil. Have you ever tested your treated oil for soap, it could confuse your FFA titration.
Hi Dgs,
I do not recall ever hearing of this before.
Please explain how soap from a glycerine prewash can confuse the FFA titration.
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Find Your Perfect Home.
Waterford Real Estate
Waterford is located in Michigan. Waterford, Michigan has a population of 72,479. Waterford is less family-centric than the surrounding county with 26.82% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 33.7%.
The median household income in Waterford, Michigan is $54,749. The median household income for the surrounding county is $66,436 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Waterford is 40.6 years.
Waterford Weather
The average high temperature in July is 82.2 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 16.8 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 32.97 inches per year, with inches of snow per year.
View Homes for Sale in Waterford
Waterford Map
Real Estate Near Waterford
Nearby Cities
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Waterford Zip Codes


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Woodworking Clamps Reviewed ... Bar Clamps, Pipe Clamps, Quick Clamps and the list goes on.
- Details
- Hits: 45842
Have you ever stopped to think about woodworking clamps? Do you have any idea how many different kinds there are, not to mention their uses? ... We were absolutely blown away when we started to investigate the different types of clamps, uses and brands. Long gone are the days when some a few simple clamps would do the trick for you. Now we need to have all sorts of different types, different sizes and in some cases specialty clamps are needed.
But it's ALL GOOD!! ... because clamps make our lives much easier. They speed up project times and ease and contribute to making complex woodworking project easier to do. Take a moment and see what we discovered about clamps.
The history of clamps appears somewhat vague, depending on who you listen to, but whats really important is what selection of clamps we have now and how they are used.
The most common clamps in use today are used for glueing boards together or for glueing projects together. These clamps are normally long clamps and use steel pipe or bar material as the medium to pull and hold parts together.
Pony Pipe Clamps
Heavy Duty "F" Clamps
"New" Bessey Revo "K" Clamps
Irwin Parallel Clamps
Somewaht new to the market are the quick release variety of clamps. These come from a variety of manufacturers and some are good while others are not as smooth to use and can be frustrating and cumbersome to use. These are among the most popular and widely used clamps as the design is so quick and handy to use ... AND they come in a variety of sizes. We prefer Irwin clamps based on their higher quality of manufacture. They work smoothly and well constructed .... to last !!.
Irwin 6" Quick Grip Clamps
Irwin 12" Quick Grip Bar Clamp / Spreader
Irwin 6" Quick Grip 6" Minin Bar Clamps
Irwin Quick Grip Micro Clamp Set
Then there is the whole world of speciaty clamps that seem to come in an ever widening assortment of types, angles and sizes. The purpose of these is to help woodworkers who are engaged in special projects that traditional clamps are akward to use or take too much time to set up, and risk having glue start to set before the project is securely clamped.
Here are some Bessey Specialty Clamps.
Bessey Angle Clamp
Bessey 90 Degree Angle Clamp
Bessey One-Hand Edge Clamp
Bessey Variable Angle Strap Clamp
We can't forget about all those old tradional clamp and hand clamps that all STILL have multitudes of use in the workshop, hand clamps, "C" Clamps and Deep Throat bar clamps ... all are still very usefull, needed and as popular as ever.
"C" Clamps
Quick Grip Handi Clamps
Spring Clamps
Joprgensen Hand Screw Clamps
And now for two of my all time favorite clamps, picked because they make my life easier, are quick and handy to use and produce remarkable results ... that make ME look good ... The Assembly Square Clamp is one of the most useful tools I own. I squares up and holds onto the sides of my projects at the same time ... I cannont speak highly enoug of this incredible invention.
Assembly Square Clamps
Mini Clamp Assembly Clamps


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The Museum of the American Railroad has entered into an agreement with the City of Frisco to relocate its permanent collection and operations to that city. The new museum will anchor other cultural heritage facilities and compliment a system of planned parks and recreational areas.
Formerly known as the "Age of Steam", the Museum of the American Railroad is a 45-year old Dallas institution currently located in Fair Park. It houses an extensive collection of historic locomotives, rail passenger cars, and related artifacts. The museum's mission is to …share with the general public the heritage, as well as the current and future development of American Railroading through artistic, cultural and educational programming.
The museum completed a comprehensive strategic plan in 2006 which calls for a minimum 9 acre site, with 15 acres optimal. Prepared by M. Goodwin Associates of Los Angeles, the plan points out challenges at Fair Park, but the principal constraint is the lack of space at its present 1.8 acre site. The strategic plan was the product of a reorganization of the museum which included new governance, a new name, and a new focus on programming that appeals to today's audience. The City of Frisco became aware of the museum's plans for expansion and contacted officials in early 2007.
"In terms of our current and future needs, we see Frisco as an excellent fit for us", said Bob LaPrelle, the museum's CEO. The City of Frisco has committed a 12.3 acre site to the museum along with certain improvements. This will allow the museum to construct permanent structures that will adequately exhibit and protect its collection. The museum has struggled with space constraints for years at its present location and currently has one quarter of its collection of rail cars stored off-site.
The museum was slated to receive equity funds as part of Fair Park's share of the 2006 Bond Program. The funds would have gone toward the purchase of 1.4 acres adjacent to the park. The acreage, along with additional property, still fell short of providing adequate space for an expanded museum. The museum was facing several more years of space constraints and a further downsizing of its present operations before any expansion could begin at Fair Park. This was inconsistent with plans to expand programs and reach a growing audience in North Texas.
The railroad museum has enjoyed a good relationship with the City of Dallas, and has been a State Fair tradition for over four decades but had outgrown its original footprint many years ago. "Space is at a premium in Fair Park, and railroad museums require a lot of space _ 26 acres on the average. It's really a business decision; we reached a point where it was more beneficial to put our resources toward creating a new environment for the museum versus addressing the challenges at our current location. There is some disappointment that we couldn't reach a mutually beneficial arrangement at Fair Park", said LaPrelle.
The museum has made a major reinvestment in its collection of historic trains which has national prominence. It recently added five cars and two operational diesel locomotives to its new streamliner passenger train exhibit. The museum currently hosts over 70,000 visitors each year, including its largest annual event, Day Out with Thomas, which is held off-site and attracts families from around Texas and neighboring states.
The City of Frisco has embraced its railroad heritage and offers opportunities for the museum to become a major north Texas destination with international appeal. The new center for railroad history and technology will be built around the museum's 36-piece collection of historic locomotives and rail cars. The present operation at Fair Park is held by many as one of the most promising museums in the area. The City of Frisco recognized the museum's potential and demonstrated a willingness to invest in its future. The collection is now poised to become one of the finest presentations of historic trains in the nation.
The agreement with Frisco was reached after extensive discussions between museum trustees and city officials. Plans for the new museum are well underway and call for a 200,000 square foot facility reminiscent of a large, turn-of-the-century train station. The main exhibits building will resemble a large train station. Boston's famous North Station architecture is being considered, as it compliments Frisco's new cityscape. The museum will be a grand public space and serve as a multi-use center for community activity. The trains will be the focus of entertaining, educational programs by day and become a dramatic backdrop for evening events including visual and performing arts.
As an anchor arts and cultural institution in Frisco, the museum will serve surrounding school districts with its interactive educational tours and history-oriented in-class programs. Through expanded programs, the museum will entertain and educate visitors and students in the cultural history and technology of railroading as well as the industry's profound effect on the growth and prosperity of the nation.
"Since Frisco is named after the St. Louis _ San Francisco Railway and the original township was laid out by the railroad, it is great that the Museum of the American Railroad is coming to our city," said George Purefoy, City Manager. "With the museum's world class collection of rolling stock and their commitment to celebrating the history of railroads in the United States, we look forward to working together to preserving the spirit of the American Railroad."
The new Museum of the American Railroad will anchor other cultural heritage facilities in Frisco and compliment a 250 acre system of planned outdoor spaces and recreational areas known as Grand Park.


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But it was a much deeper tragedy. This good man had lost not only his 21-year-old daughter—and his wife a few years ago—but seven children to war and disease over time. This happens in the bush.
During the seminar, Flabius appeared. He is a frail, gray-haired man of about fifty, small of stature, and respected by his people for his wisdom, which is born of years of suffering and deep faith. I went over to him, greeted him, and put my arms around him. I held his head to my heart and whispered into his ear, "I am sorry, my brother, I am sorry." I thought to myself: My God, I'm holding Job in my arms.
After Mass, Flabius said something like this: I did not feel like coming to Prayers today, but I needed to trust God, and to come and give to him all my pain, and trust that the Word of God will heal me.
We sat in silence for a long time, letting the rain of his words soak into the soil of our hearts. It was heartbreaking. There were seven men and two women in that hut, and each one knew his or her own version of that dear man's agony. This is part of the landscape of the refugee's life. — Gary Smith, S.J., former Jesuit Refugee Service staff member in Eastern Africa and Southern Africa.
God's compassion embraces every victim of injustice, disease, or violence—as well as everyone who has ever betrayed or harmed another. This is the meaning of the cross: wherever there is poverty and hurt, wherever there is injustice or human arrogance, God has already been there in Christ on the cross. God is there in Christ; embracing, loving, healing. If we can trust the Gospel's paradoxical message about the crucified love God has for people like Flabius and his children, perhaps we can trust that we are called to work to help lift their burdens. — David Hollenbach, S.J., Director of the Boston College Center for Human Rights and International Justice.
The Paradox of the Cross
The message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God. . . . [W]e we proclaim Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, but to those who are called, Jews and Greeks alike, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. For the foolishness of God is wiser than human wisdom, and the weakness of God is stronger than human strength.


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member of one list is a
member of the other
Major Section: PROGRAMMING
(Subsetp x y) is true if and only if every member of the list
x is a member of the list
Membership is tested using the function
member. Thus, the guard
subsetp requires that its arguments are true lists, and
moreover, at least one satisfies
eqlable-listp. This guard
ensures that the guard for
member will be met for each call
generated by
Subsetp is defined in Common Lisp. See any Common Lisp
documentation for more information.


text:
Provide a "one patient, one record" environment to encourage better patient care and more informed medical treatment
Learn More About How OpenText Can Help in Healthcare
- Overview
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Healthcare Overview
Today's healthcare providers are dynamic, evolving with the times, and reliant on computer technology. They have to be. The industry is in a state of rapid change, and the way healthcare services are accessed, managed, and delivered will continue to evolve over the coming years.
An area where change is clearly evident is the patient record. Regulations have driven the adoption of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems, and these systems have advanced the quality, safety, and reliability of patient care by making data more widely available.
Even though EMR systems have proven their value in managing structured data, they are insufficient for aggregating and managing all the information related to an individual patient, including paper documents. This information may include diagnostic and treatment records as well as lab and test results, images, doctor notes, and non-clinical records such as insurance, billing, and other forms and administrative paperwork.
For these requirements—and others such as compliance, security, privacy, archiving, document exchange, access control, sharing, dashboards, and remote access on mobile devices—healthcare providers are looking beyond the EMR to invest in a holistic solution that complements and extends the capabilities of the EMR system. That's where OpenText can help you make a difference.
How Can OpenText Help in Healthcare?
OpenText offers healthcare solutions that support a document's lifecycle through integrations with existing medical applications and systems for:
- Patient information exchange via electronic faxing with OpenText Fax Solutions
- Management of records with OpenText Healthcare Enterprise Information Management (EIM)
OpenText Fax Solutions
With the largest number of integrations available in the healthcare industry, OpenText Fax Solutions are optimizing how healthcare organizations send, receive and streamline workflows with electronic faxes to improve operational efficiency and increase patient care. Seventy-five percent of healthcare organizations continue to use fax as their primary method of patient information exchange and OpenText is committed to helping them eliminate standalone fax machines for secure, compliant and efficient document exchange.
Our fax solutions include:
- OpenText RightFax: As the number one Fax Server in healthcare, RightFax leads in integration and patient information exchange for electronic faxing in healthcare
- OpenText Fax2Mail: This cloud service is perfect for healthcare organizations that want the ease and simplicity of the cloud with the security and compliance required in the healthcare industry
OpenText Healthcare Enterprise Information Management
The OpenText Healthcare EIM solution addresses four broad requirements:
- Competent management of records
- Secure access to the right medical records at the right time by authorized personnel in any location
- Integration with existing medical applications and systems
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Empowering healthcare professionals to provide better patient care and improve patient outcomes is the ultimate goal. By creating a "one patient, one record" environment, the OpenText Healthcare EIM solution gives doctors and providers access to a broad patient history so they can better evaluate and correlate test results, compare images and patient histories, make more informed diagnoses, and deliver better care.
OpenText Solutions for Healthcare
Healthcare Enterprise Information Management
Eliminates paper documents, manages unstructured content and provides a longitudinal centralized repository for patient records, while integrated to an EMR or Clinical Portal.
- Enhance patient care by providing doctors with access to comprehensive records of each patient's health and medical history.
- Enable clinicians to instantly view a patient's complete medical record through a familiar EMR interface, without manually pulling paper files.
- Reduce or eliminate the costs of physically storing and transporting patient charts and paper files.
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Aggregates patient data from multiple clinical information systems. Intuitive web interface summarizes patient clinical data and presents it to physicians and patients anytime and anywhere.
- Physicians can focus on patient care and make informed decisions rather than spend time finding patient data.
- Gives patients the ability to access, learn from, and manage their own health records under the auspices of their healthcare provider.
- Secure and self-service access for patients to their health records.
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Deploy simple to complex clinical and administrative workflows. HIMs processes such as Release of Information and Chart Deficiency Tracking are built using Assure for Healthcare.
- Optimize HIM Processes in your healthcare organization.
- Implement a Case Management solution
- Case Management processes, or cases, may be associated with zero, one, or more documents or records and can represent work at any level in a clinical workflow process.
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Wednesday, 2 November 2011
Taking a break
I'll be taking a break from posting for about 3 weeks to attend to some family matters but in the meantime, I'll still be visiting your blogs. :)
Have an awesome Nov! Christmas is almost here! :)
14 comments:
have a nice family time dear! see u soon!ReplyDelete
Herbs and Flowers - "Parsley"
100 Friends/Followers & GIVEAWAY
Sylvia, we'll miss you and your posts. But hope all is well with you and your family. :-)ReplyDelete
I hope your time away goes well. See you soon... just in time for holiday cooking!ReplyDelete
First timer here. Hope your break is fun and not otherwise. Hugs :)ReplyDelete
Thanks everyone! :)ReplyDelete
See you back in action soon!ReplyDelete
We will miss you! I hope it's a pleasant, relaxing break. See you soon!ReplyDelete
Take all the time you need. Life first, blogging second. We'll be thinking about you.ReplyDelete
See you soon! Hope everything gets cleared soon.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous5 November 2011 at 14:37
I hope that you and yours are alright and that your break is a joyful one!ReplyDelete
Hope everything is well with you and your family...ReplyDelete
Take care, we will miss you and wait for you.
thinking of you and your family! hugs. :)ReplyDelete
I just came back from a one week break with lots of family and it was great! Have fun and enjoy your time together.ReplyDelete
Hope everything is well:)ReplyDelete


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Online requirements management player GatherSpace has modestly announced its first major upgrade since its 2009 launch. Aiming to bring something fresh to the business-to-technical requirements process, a new requirements "Search Drill Down" function points users to "instantly view" specific high-priority items. There is also a new "At-a-Glance" activity tab for collaboration and workflow; and added fields for enhanced importing and exporting of data including the ability to publish web-based reports.
In line with other companies pushing out product updates of this nature, GatherSpace has spent time highlighting the "usual suspects" of its refresh such as an improved user interface as well better navigation and feel. To its credit the company has also pointed out that as a hosted cloud application, GatherSpace enables anywhere, anytime access to development-related data so that distributed teams can collaborate on requirements in real-time.
This hosted element may indeed be GatherSpace's most important ace card. With so many application development scenarios still based on requirements management taken "by hand" (i.e. using basic productivity applications such as Microsoft Word/Excel), there is still a need (for many) to bring requirements management and version control into the 21st century.
"Because GatherSpace was purpose-built for managing business and software requirements, it includes dozens of features designed specifically for effectively communicating requirements — including visual use-case modeling, a traceability matrix, requirement notifications, rich-text editing, and report generation," said the company, in a press statement.
GatherSpaces says that by leveraging the Requirements Hierarchy, users can create functional package groups, associate high level features, then associate more detailed use cases, issues, and software requirements to those features. Additionally, multiple project views enable users to "switch within its own context" to more accurately define parameters, glossary, packages, etc.
With its ability to seamlessly support Agile, Waterfall, Ruby on Rails, and other development approaches, GatherSpace also enables development teams to iterate quickly and adapt to changing business needs.


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Some of the first things users may notice in the Beta 1 release of Internet Explorer 8 are new features such as Activities and WebSlice. We recognize that the technology behind Activities and Webslice relies on innovations that have come out of the community, which of course has had a critical role in the development of the Internet. We also appreciate the community's deep commitment to permissive IP licensing and to ensuring the continued ability to innovate.
So with these new features and other initiatives we're launching in Internet Explorer 8 Beta 1, we want to highlight the ways in which we're using new approaches to licensing the various intellectual property components involved. We carefully chose these new licensing models because they are the models, or facilitate the kinds of free and open uses, that the relevant communities have adopted for themselves. While we will still evaluate the most appropriate way to make specifications and test cases available on a case-by-case basis, here we concluded that the Public Domain, Creative Commons and BSD licenses (for copyrights) and the Microsoft Open Specification Promise (for patents) are the best vehicles for making these technologies available.
In this post I'll briefly describe how these are all being used, and also point you to links where you can find additional information about them.
Creative Commons and Public Domain for Copyrights in the Specifications
For the OpenService Format and WebSlice Format specs, we're using two separate Creative Commons vehicles to allow developers to freely use and build on our work. We're licensing our copyright in the OpenService Format Specification under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License. This license lets others copy, distribute, modify and build upon the specification, even for commercial uses, as long as they simply give credit to Microsoft and license their own changes under the same terms. This license is also consistent with the license adopted by the OpenSearch community, whose work relates to the OpenService Format spec.
We're setting a new precedent with the WebSlice Format Specification by dedicating our copyright in it to the public domain using the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication, the first time we've used a public domain dedication in connection with one of our specs. This allows anyone to freely copy, distribute, modify and build upon the specification for any purpose, without any additional conditions or obligations whatsoever. In this case, our public domain dedication is in keeping with the expectations of the hAtom Microformats community.
Our use of Creative Commons solutions in connection with these two specs continues our many years of support for and collaboration with that important organization. In addition to using Creative Commons licenses in conjunction with other other specs (including one used in conjunction with Internet Explorer 7) and on websites, Microsoft and Creative Commons have partnered on the creation of an add-in for Microsoft Office that automates the inclusion of Creative Commons licenses into Word, Excel and PowerPoint documents. We're happy to continue our enthusiastic engagement with Creative Commons with the release of these specs today. For more information about Creative Commons, including how you can use Creative Commons licenses on your own works, please visit http://creativecommons.org.
Microsoft Open Specification Promise for Implementations of the Specifications
Microsoft has developed the Open Specification Promise ("OSP") to provide a simple and clear patent promise to reassure the broad audience of developers and customers that a given specification can be used for free, easily, now and forever. The OSP was developed with feedback from customers and the open source community, and we're happy to be making both the OpenService Format and WebSlice Format specifications available under the OSP. The use of the OSP confirms that that these two specifications can be implemented for free. Please refer to this page for complete information and details concerning the OSP.
BSD License for Copyright in the Cascading Style Sheets 2.1 Test Suite
Finally, in connection with the Beta 1 release of Internet Explorer 8, we're also posting a set of tests to validate our interpretation and implementation of the Cascading Style Sheets ("CSS") 2.1 Specification. In this case, we hope to get feedback from web designers and developers on the tests we've submitted to the W3C for inclusion in the W3C's CSS Working Group Test Suite. We're licensing this test suite under the BSD License, which allows redistribution and modification of the tests in source and binary forms, subject to a familiar three-paragraph set of conditions. The BSD License is the license the W3C CSS Working Group has proposed using for the rest of its test cases, thus we're using it here so that our tests can seamlessly transition over to the W3C CSS Working Group.
* * *
We hope that users, developers, designers and testers all enjoy the new features in IE8 Beta 1. We look forward to your feedback and hope that the permissive IP licensing we are announcing today enhances the web community.
Tom Rubin
Associate General Counsel
Intellectual Property & Licensing
P.S. Creative Commons posted about this. Read more here.
Edit: updated hAtom Microformats Community link; added P.S.


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Made of phenolic resin embedded with graphite to reduce friction on the blade, they stay cooler than metal blocks, reducing metal fatigue and extending blade life. They can be set closer to the blade for better accuracy and control of cuts. They will also lubricate the blade without staining the wood; your bandsaw will run more smoothly and quietly.
Available for the models listed, but may fit other models. Check the size of your blade guides before ordering.
Made in USA.
The Sears (older style) are not stocked at our retail stores but can be ordered for pick-up at our stores.
Some products are no longer available.


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Fruit, food and fun; three necessities during any warm, summer holiday. The materials were all in front of me, the fruit, the ticking fabric and adhesive numbers: and with a quick brainstorm session, the light bulb popped on and the idea was evident.
The Watermelon Boat!
It's easy to make:
Cut a sail from blue or red ticking fabric (fabric store). Use double sided tape or a glue gun to attach the sail to the dowel on the back side of sail. Make sure to leave 12" length of dowel under the sail to push into the fruit and watermelon. Add an adhesive number to the sail (dowel and numbers both available from a hardware store). Cut and scoop out your watermelon and fill with fruit (cut it so it will sit flat and not tip). Push the end of the dowel into fruit to hold.


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Joachim de Brum House (Likiep Island, Republic of Marshall Islands)
The main house is a single-story frame building consisting of a central parlor with two bedrooms on each side, surrounded by a 10-foot-wide veranda. There are three other standing structures associated with the house: a storage building, a detached dining room-kitchen, and a large concrete cistern. The main house originally stood on small concrete piers and had a thatch roof. Around 1929 the thatch was replaced with metal roofing and the whole house was raised on wooden piers to its present height of about six feet off the ground.
Of at least equal historical significance to the house was its occupant, Joachim de Brum, a true Marshallese renaissance man. A successful business man--copra (coconut) planter, shipbuilder, and merchant--he was also a self taught scientist, engineer, and artist of exceptional ability. He made daily records of temperature, atmospheric pressure, and wind velocity at Likiep. He learned to give expert medical treatment to the people of Likiep and nearby atolls with doctors. He kept notes on Marshall Island customs and photographed Marshallese ceremonies, copra making (drying coconut meat), and other activities. Approximately 2600 of his glass negatives are among the irreplaceable entho-historic documents remaining in the house. After learning nautical architecture through self-study, he trained local men as shipwrights and began a shipbuilding business. Before his death he had designed and built more than 100 wooden sailing ships, all completely hand crafted without power tools.
Bai Ra Irrai - Men's Meeting House (Babelthuap Island, Republic
of Palau)
Of the original bais on this site little remains. Unfortunately deterioration of the original structures is rapid, especially in the humid, tropical climate of Palau. Unaffected, however, are the stones forming the platform--hundreds of basaltic stone boulders which were once carried there by villagers. There are also a number of upright stones used as back supports for the elders and chiefs. Each stone was named for the individual council member, and these names and designations are still known today.
It is no accident that the physical formation of this area--the central location of the bai, with the intersection of the main pathways forming four quadrants--matched the cultural structure for the people of Airai where villagers were assigned housing space according to their caste rank. The bai was the physical and spiritual core of the community. The elders meeting here controlled all matters relating to the people of this area from religion, to the economy, to politics and behavior.
Peleliu Battlefield (Peleliu Island, Republic of Palau)
Japan seized the Palau Islands, along with the rest of Micronesia, from Germany in World War I. Receiving a mandate from the League of Nations after the war, Japan established its administrative headquarters for Micronesia at Koror, the capital of the Republic of Palua today. By World War II the Japanese had constructed an excellent airfield on Peleliu Island, and the Palaus served as a staging area and replacement depot for Japanese forces in the Netherlands' East Indies and New Guinea.
Beginning in August 1944, the U.S. 13th Air Force began bombing the Paluas. On September 6, Adm. William F. Halsey's carriers from the Third Fleet began full scale attacks upon the island. Six days later, a naval gunfire bombardment of Peleliu and Anguar began. D-Day for landing on Peleliu was set for September 15. The 1st, 5th and 7th Marine Divisions fought against 6,500 Japanese combat troops and 4,000 Japanese navel personnel under the veteran 14th Division commanded by Lt. Gen. Sade Inoue from Manchuria. On September 16, the 5th Marines captured the airfield, but 600-700 Japanese reinforcements reached Peleliu, despite the American bombardment and sinking of their barges. By September 23, the 321st Infantry regiment had to be diverted from Angaur to Peleliu to reinforce the Marines. The depleted 1st Marine Regiment was taken off Peleliu on September 30, with 1,672 casualties. American forces captured "Hill 100" on September 24, the northern bastion of the Japanese defenses in the Umurbrogal Mountain area, which divided the Japanese defenses. On the night of November 24, Japanese General Murai and Colonel Nakagawa committed suicide as the Americans began their final drive with the 81st Division. Japanese fighting strength had been reduced at this point to under 350 men. On November 27, all organized resistance on Peleliu ceased.
Much evidence of Japanese defenses and of the battle for Peleliu remains. The invasion beaches are mostly unchanged from their 1944 appearance. Inland there are remains, such as concrete slabs, from the post-battle American installation that covered the more level terrain. The former American military cemetery with two large monuments are still intact. At the site of the airfield, three major Japanese reinforced-concrete structures remain, as well as several concrete and coral pillboxes at the southern end of Peleliu, and a circular blockhouse the Japanese had in their defenses. The limestone ridges and ravines in the last center of Japanese resistance, "the Umurbrogol Pocket," undoubtedly contain much evidence of the battle for Peleliu. U.S. Marines counted over 100 caves that were occupied by Japanese troops in the area.
Peleliu Battlefield, recognized as a National Historic Landmark, includes all of Peleliu Island, which is a state in the Republic of Palau. The battle marked the conclusion of the Central Pacific drive toward the Phillipines. It turned out to be one of the bloodies battles of the Pacific War--and one of the most forgotten.
Designed by architect Yasaburo Yamashita and built in 1926 during the Japanese administration, the hospital was the most up to date medical facility in all of Micronesia. Rooms were assigned for reception, examinations, minor surgery, x-rays, otolaryngology, obstetrics and gynecology, a pharmacy, offices and a cashier. The original compound included several outbuildings: a Japanese ward, a native Saipanese ward, employee residences, nurses quarters, a high school, garage, several water storage tanks, and a kitchen among others. An enclosed courtyard presently surrounds the original southwest entrance to the hospital. Here, a traditional Carolinian canoe house, or utt, shelters the Waherak Mailar--an ocean-going outrigger originally built on Puluwat Atoll in 1958. A new use was recently found for the hospital--now the Northern Mariana Islands Museum of History and Culture, which opened in 1998.
Asian-Pacific Heritage Month Home | Guam | FSM | Mariana Islands | RMI | Palau
Images for top banner from NPS Historic Photograph Collection (Rainbow over Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, by Thomas C. Gray, [HPC-001345]) and the Palau Historic Preservation Office.


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First Lady Michelle Obama
Michelle Obama first showed up in them during the inauguration. Jessica Biel has worn them most of the year. Kerry Washington heated up the Golden Globes red carpet with them. And Rachel Zoe took Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week by storm with them. Lots of celebrities and A-listers seem to be sporting bangs these days. Hairstylist Tiki Spruill of About Faces Day Spa & Salon in Canton says the trend goes back to fashion icon Audrey Hepburn in the 1950s, giving the look both a classic feel and a fashion-forward sensibility. Perhaps one reason they're so popular is that anyone can wear them. "Bangs are for everyone, regardless of face shape and hair texture," Spruill says. "They complement your eyes, accent cheekbones and give you an instant makeover without sacrificing length. But the 'perfect bang' must be cut to flatter your face shape." Here's how to pair your face shape with the perfect bangs. -- John-John Williams IV


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By THATCHER MOATS
BRANDON — A major sweep in Rutland County last week of more than three dozen people accused of drug-related crimes netted 10 Brandon residents and a handful of individuals from Addison County.
Brandon Police Chief Chris Brickell, whose department was one of 10 local, state and federal law enforcement agencies involved in the three-month-long effort dubbed "Operation Marble Valley 2008," said on Thursday that he hopes the arrests will scare other drug dealers, preventing them from setting up shop in Brandon.
"We're not foolish," he said. "We know this isn't the end, but we're hoping yesterday was step one."
Nine Brandon residents were arrested Wednesday and one on Thursday. Authorities also arrested or put out warrants for four Addison County residents in connection with the operation.
In addition to Brandon police, Operation Marble Valley included Vermont State Police, the Vermont Drug Task Force (VTDTF), Rutland police, the Rutland County Sheriff, the U.S. Attorney's Office, the Rutland County State's Attorney's Office, the Vermont Attorney General, the U.S. Marshals Service, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.
The effort displayed the regional approach that Brickell was hoping for when authorities began clamping down on Rutland-area drug activity in February. He said he had been worried that focusing solely on Rutland would flush criminals out into surrounding towns.
While the Addison County State's Attorney's Office was not directly involved with the operation, they will be monitoring the court's disposition of the cases. Addison County Deputy State's Attorney Christopher Perkett said he does not anticipate this latest crackdown on drug activity in Rutland County will prompt a spike in such activity in other locations, like Addison County.
By ANDY KIRKALDY
FERRISBURGH — The off-and-on delays experienced by Route 7 drivers in Ferrisburgh and northern New Haven will last right through the summer and into late September, according to a Vermont Agency of Transportation spokesman.
AOT communications director John Zicconi said it simply takes time to prepare for and complete a 10.5-mile, $3.8 million paving project.
"It's not a small project," Zicconi said. "This is something that takes a while."
When completed, Route 7 will be resurfaced between the Charlotte town line and the intersection of the state highway with Lime Kiln Road, just north of New Haven Junction.
In the meantime, local drivers, commuters and day-trippers to Burlington can expect less than smooth sailing along Route 7, especially during rush hour. Zicconi said about 8,300 cars a day cruise on the southern end of the road to be repaired, and about 13,200 along the northern stretch.
"You would naturally conclude the delays will be longer in the northern end of the project," he said. "People should expect the longer delays in the peak driving hours."
Other than rush hours, delays will be unpredictable. There may even be times project contractor F.W. Whitcomb pulls workers and equipment to meet deadlines on other jobs, Zicconi said.
"They're doing different things at different times," he said, both on the job and at other sites.
Those familiar with other north-south roads might find the going easier there at times, but Zicconi said the AOT would not be setting up detours "through anybody's neighborhood."
By JOHN FLOWERS
MIDDLEBURY — It's been an eventful few years for Middlebury's Bill Edson, to say the least.
During the spring of 2006, Edson was a U.S. Army Sgt. 1st Class, who, as a part of Task Force Saber, was treating injured soldiers in and around the war-torn city of Ramadi, Iraq.
He returned as a decorated veteran and — after a brief stint at Fletcher Allen Health Care — transitioned into a less intense vocation of selling medical supplies.
But Edson last month returned to the front lines of health care, this time as supervisor of operations for the Middlebury Volunteer Ambulance Association (MVAA).
"It was really appealing to find a position I was suited for right here at home," Edson said during an interview last week.
He replaces Scott Supernaw, who recently left to become top administrator for the Brandon Area Rescue Squad.
In the MVAA, Edson takes over a nonprofit organization based off Elm Street that counts around 60 staff and volunteers and a fleet of four ambulances, a heavy rescue truck and a mass casualty trailer. The 30-year-old organization responds to approximately 1,800 service calls per year in Middlebury, East Middlebury, Bridport, Shoreham, Orwell, Ripton, Salisbury, Cornwall, Weybridge, Whiting and New Haven.
While Edson's main duties involve coordinating MVAA activities and tending to administrative chores, he also plans to become involved in ambulance runs. He is seeking recertification for emergency responder qualifications needed to respond to calls.
Like most people affiliated with the MVAA, he knows he will not be working a regular 9-to-5 job. Calls can come in at any time of the day or night for a service that must be provided 24/7.
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SlashPRO Slash Resistant UBAC Shirts are made out of our very own ultra-high cut resistant fabric, Cut-Tex® PRO - offering absolutely outstanding, tested and certified levels of cut, abrasion and tear resistance.
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I've read about and have seen quilts with decorative stitching on the binding. I know how my stitching looks on the back sometimes! So how do people get their decorative stitching to look nice on both the front and the back?
Welcome to the Quilting Board!
I've read about and have seen quilts with decorative stitching on the binding. I know how my stitching looks on the back sometimes! So how do people get their decorative stitching to look nice on both the front and the back?
What I have found is that any stitch that has a straight line to it needs to be done very slowly and carefully so that you are stitching just a thread or two to the left of the first stitching line. I have found with this kind of stitch that it helps a lot to glue-baste the binding first. Using an open-toe foot and sewing very slowly helps keep the stitching looking good on both sides. The one I like best for this makes a forward stitch, then a stitch to the right, then a stitch back into the same hold on the left, and repeats.
Using a decorative stitch that doesn't have a straight line to it makes it much easier to achieve a good look on both sides. The serpentine stitch is the one I use. (Sews a big S over and over.)
I sew my binding to the back, then sew the serpentine stitch to the binding on the front. I do a test first so I get the width exactly right, then I eye up where the foot needs to be on the binding, sew slow, and keep my eye ahead of the foot. Doing this, I have the stitch edge just hitting the edge of the binding on the back, and it looks the same on the front, just to the inside edge of the binding. I create an actual mock up of a quilt edge with the binding sewn on. I do not like taking out stitches so I make sure I have what I want before I do the actual binding. I also lift the quilt edge up every so often and double check the sewing on the bottom-with the needle down. Since every binding doesn't always end up with the same width on each quilt, I need to do these tests first as the width may not always the same for the serpentine stitch I am sewing. Changing the length and width of the serpentine stitch gives different looks.
I have tried the fancy stitches, I like how they look, while they might not look perfect, but it works for me. The thing I find with the fancy stitches, they take a little longer to sew. By the time I get to the binding I am ready to use just a straight stitch. One thing does help is pressing the binding after I have sewn it to the front, it sits much nicer and is easier to finish off.
This is what my LQS owner did for me while she was ringing people up.
"Be yourself...everyone else is taken."
Strong people don't put others down...they build them up."
"Remember that your instincts are more important than rules"
Peckish aka Peggi


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Who would want to see Madonna's dry boob? I guarantee if she didn't have that bra supporting the bottom that it would have fell to the floor and bounced back like a yo-yo. The elderly performer decided to pull out her tit purposely while performing in Istanbul as part of the MDNA tour.
For her to have talked so much smack about Janet Jackson doing it she sure has the nerve.
Peep the clip below. (FF to 2:58)
welp the other video was deleted :( @ 0.48
4 your viewing pleasure </3