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Dr. Brian Czech is an author, teacher, full-time conservation biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and a recognized authority on Ecological Economics. Described by Publisher's Weekly as "as good at popularizing economics as Carl Sagan was science," Dr. Czech argues that mainstream economics is based on a dangerously flawed theory of economic growth, which can be dismantled through ecological principles.
Dr. Czech has authored and edited dozens scientific publications; organized and appeared as a guest speaker at symposiums, seminars, and conferences; received many awards for his work in the field; and serves on several national roundtables pertaining to ecological, economic, and social sustainability. His first book Shoveling Fuel for a Runaway Train has become a popular manifesto for Ecological Economists as a roadmap to a sustainable future, and he has also produced a video, The Steady State Revolution: Uniting Scientists and Citizens for a Sustainable Society.
Dr. Czech has a B.S. in wildlife ecology from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, an M.S. in wildlife science from the University of Washington, and a Ph.D. in renewable natural resources from the University of Arizona. He is currently an adjunct professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, where he teaches ecological economics and endangered species policy and management.
He is an active member of The Wildlife Society, Society for Conservation Biology, International Society for Ecological Economics, American Economic Association, and Ecological Society of America. In July 2003, Dr. Czech attended the Green Party National Convention and has since been listed by Politics1.com as a potential Green Party 2004 presidential candidate, a distinction which says he would consider.
About Dr. Czech & His Career
Tell us about your environmental background. How did you develop your interest in Ecological Economics?
My environmental background began as a child in northeastern Wisconsin and included a lot of time in the great outdoors. After graduating from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, I worked in a variety of jobs such as firefighter, wilderness ranger, and thinning crew foreman with the U.S. Forest Service. I also spent two months on the Bering Sea, monitoring Japanese fishing ships for the National Marine Fisheries Service, and, after completing my Masters at the University of Washington, I worked in the Teton Wilderness Area, mapping grizzly bear habitat for the Forest Service.
Next, I took a job developing a wildlife management program for the San Carlos Apache Tribe in Arizona. I did this for three years, then for two years served as director of the Tribe's Recreation and Wildlife Department and entered the policy world via tribal government.
When working on my Ph.D. at the University of Arizona, I conducted a policy analysis of the Endangered Species Act for my dissertation. As part of this analysis, I looked at the causes of species endangerment in the United States. These causes were like a "Who's Who" of the American economy, so I developed an interest in ecological economics.
In 1999, I took a job as a conservation biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at National Wildlife Refuge System Headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. Apparently, this was the first position with the name "conservation biologist" in the history of the Fish and Wildlife Service, although there were and are many fine conservation biologists in the Service with different titles (usually "fish and wildlife biologist"). A conservation biologist is a type of wildlife biologist who emphasizes biodiversity conservation and takes an interdisciplinary approach to conservation.
You've become a vocal proponent of Ecological Economics in the US, although your educational background and job history are in conservation biology. How did you carve out this niche?
When I noticed that the causes of species endangerment were a "Who's Who" of the economy, I began to investigate the relationship of economic growth to biodiversity conservation. I found a fundamental conflict between the two, but also found that many economists and natural resources professionals denied such a conflict existed. Usually, this denial resulted from a lack of knowledge, but in some cases from political expediency.
I have done a lot of my ecological economics work, such as writing books and journal articles, on my own time. However, I have also incorporated basic principles of ecological economics into my job as a conservation biologist. With economic growth as the limiting factor for biodiversity conservation, I have taken a particular interest in educating fellow natural resources professionals, the public, and policy makers on the conflict between economic growth and biodiversity conservation. I have also applied basic principles of ecological economics in some of my other duties, such as the strategic growth of the National Wildlife Refuge System.
You've written books, papers and articles about Ecological Economics. Tell us about this aspect of your work, and why you have devoted this kind of time and thought to the field.
I have spent so much time promoting ecological economics because I think the wildlife conservation profession has become an exercise in futility until the national goal of economic growth is replaced with the goal of a steady state economy. Furthermore, in a technical sense, a theory of economic growth that incorporates ecological principles is much more valid than the standard, "neoclassical" theory of economic growth.
When I completed my Ph.D. program, I authored Shoveling Fuel for a Runaway Train: Errant Economists, Shameful Spenders, and a Plan to Stop Them All. This was my first significant contribution to the ecological economics literature. Shortly afterward, a version of my dissertation was published as The Endangered Species Act: History, Conservation Biology, and Public Policy, with Paul R. Krausman as my co-author. This book interprets the Endangered Species Act as an implicit prescription for a steady state economy. I am working on a third book which will be a more thorough critique of economic growth as a national goal with a more thorough approach to establishing a steady state economy.
What would you consider your proudest accomplishments in the field of ecological economics? Have you had any major setbacks along the road?
My proudest accomplishment is my book, Shoveling Fuel for a Runaway Train. The book established a precedent for biologists and other natural resources professionals to venture far into the wilderness of economic growth theory, policy, and politics. More importantly, Shoveling Fuel illuminates at least one potential pathway to a sustainable future. I have received tremendous feedback from readers who have garnered hope and inspiration from Shoveling Fuel.
I have had major setbacks along the way, but I prefer to view them as water under the bridge. I think the prudent advice is to learn what you can from a setback and move on. The learning process is very personal, but humility is always a good attitude when sorting out the lessons in a setback.
You also teach at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Are you still teaching there and how important is this aspect of your career?
I teach endangered species policy and management one semester per year and ecological economics another semester per year. I also fill in as a guest lecturer for courses such as ecosystem conservation and global change. This is an important aspect of my career because it allows me to inform students of some extremely important principles of long-term ecological and economic security. Students, by definition, are there to learn, so they often make more productive contacts than bureaucrats or politicians. I have also learned a lot from students over the years.
What are your personal and professional goals for the next five years?
My career goal is to maximize my contribution to the ecological sustainability, economic welfare, and social stability of human society. At this point in my career, I do not have any specific objectives in terms of particular agencies, positions, etc. Instead, I constantly keep an eye out for where I may be able to maximize my contribution. The basic choices, however, are government, academia, and non-governmental organizations. To make the right choice, one must assess his or her background and skills as well as the opportunities provided by the position in question.
Earlier in my career, I found it appropriate to set career objectives, especially short-term objectives such as "firefighter this year, thinning crew foreman next year". For a while, I also had a long-term goal of becoming Secretary of the Interior, but have concluded that too much is beyond control to reasonably set goals involving political appointments. Furthermore, I have observed a great deal of highly effective "behind-the-scenes" work.
For now, I find my position with U.S. Fish and Wildlife to be a good fit. I am able to use my education and field experience in helping the Service plan for long-term conservation. I also have some freedom to incorporate the principles of ecological economics and other social sciences into my job. Finally, I am "in the beltway" of Washington, D.C. with its networks of conservationists, sustainability scientists, and policy makers.
About Ecological Economics
Please offer us your own definition of Ecological Economics, including its importance in the world today.
I like the definition of Costanza et al. (1991:3): "a transdisciplinary field of study that addresses the relationships between ecosystems and economic systems in the broadest sense". The major distinction of ecological economics relative to mainstream or "neoclassical" economics is the incorporation of ecological principles. In my opinion, the ecological economics movement is the most important movement in the world today because it encompasses the most promising approach to ecological sustainability, economic welfare, and social stability.
How much time do you spend working on this aspect of your career? How often do you have the opportunity to integrate it into your position with Fish and Wildlife?
I spend approximately 40 hours per week on issues of ecological economics, including about 10 hours per week in my position as conservation biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and another 30 hours per week off the job. This includes reading, writing, speaking, and networking. I integrate the principles of ecological economics into my job with U.S. Fish and Wildlife in activities such as land acquisition planning, biodiversity conservation assessment, and participating in interagency sustainability efforts such as the Roundtable on Sustainable Forests.
What is the difference between ecological economics and environmental economics?
Environmental economics is a subset of neoclassical economics that focuses on environmental issues. As a subset, it adheres to the basic assumptions of neoclassical economics, including the microeconomic construction of the consumer as a rational, utility-maximizing "Homo economicus" for whom "utility" is gauged by the consumption of goods and services. Environmental economics also tends to subscribe to the neoclassical theory of perpetual economic growth based upon perpetually increasing productive efficiency. In practice, however, its practitioners are largely mute on the subject of limits to growth. They focus instead (as do neoclassical economists at large) on the efficient allocation of resources at any size of an economy.
Ecological economics is founded upon different assumptions, micro and macro, which lead to distinct conclusions and policy implications. These assumptions incorporate principles from the natural sciences (physical and biological) that are largely ignored in neoclassical economics. For example, humans are viewed as having evolved in a variety of ecosystems posing unique constraints on economic behavior and resulting in unique cultural norms. As such, humans are subject to diverse motives not conducive to simple assessments of utility maximization via consumption of goods and services. In ecological macroeconomics, the economy is viewed as a subset of the ecosystem and subject to limits imposed by the laws of thermodynamics and principles of ecology. Ecological economists (especially those specializing in steady state economics) therefore focus on the size of an economy relative to the ecosystem; efficient allocation of resources is also a concern but not the primary concern as it is in neoclassical economics.
Who are some of the most important figures in the field of Ecological Economics today?
In my opinion, the most important figure in ecological economics is Herman Daly. He has done more than any other to develop the ecological macroeconomics of a sustainable society and has communicated his findings to a wide array of publics and polities. His critique of neoclassical economic growth theory and his alternative of steady state economics should become required reading for natural resources and other environmental professionals. Some of the up-and-coming "Dalyists" include Joshua Farley and David Batker. I classify myself as a subscriber to Daly's macroeconomics, too.
It is always a gamble to name names, because it is too easy to unintentionally omit an important figure. However, other leading Americans in the ecological economics movement certainly include Cutler Cleveland, Robert Costanza, Jon Erickson, Robert Goodland, John Gowdy, Charles Hall, Jonathan Harris, Richard Howarth, Richard Norgaard, and the late Harold Odum.
Leading international scholars in the ecological economics movement include Bina Agarwal, Mauricio Amazonas, Stefan Baumgärtner, the late Kenneth Boulding (who spent much of his career in the United States), Clovis Cavalcanti, Kanchan Chopra, Malte Faber, Sylvie Faucheaux, Carl Folke, Sylvio Funtowicz, the late Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, Ann-Mari Jansson, Joan Martinez-Alier, Manfred Max-Neef, Peter May, Frank Muller, Martin O'Connor, René Passet, Charles Perrings, John Proops, Jerry Ravetz, Matthias Ruth, Paul Safonov, Clive Spash, Enzo Tiezzi, and Alexey Voinov.
You are very active member of the United States Society for Ecological Economics. Tell us about this organization and some of the other prominent professional organizations for the field?
The United States Society for Ecological Economics (USSEE) is one of eight regional chapters of the International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE), which also includes Argentinean, Australian, Brazilian, Canadian, European, Indian, and Russian chapters. The ISEE was formed in 1988 and the USSEE in 2000. Both societies have excellent websites.
Education in the Field: What to Expect
What is right and wrong with environmental education in America today?
From what I've heard, environmental education at the K-12 level suffers from a lack of knowledgeable instructors. Most K-12 teachers can't get around to every specialty, and environmental education is still classified as a specialty. With the mounting importance of environmental health to human society, I think environmental education should become part of the core curriculum for education majors.
In the biological departments of American colleges and universities, there seems to be a shift toward the laboratory and molecular-level studies. I think this is a worrisome trend for the sake of ecological sustainability, which in my opinion requires more ecological prudence and less molecular mastery. The colleges and universities do appear strong, however, in technologies relevant to ecosystem management such as GIS, GPS, and remote sensing.
Returning to the theme of ecological economics, I think the biggest weakness in American environmental education is its lack of connection with economic policy implications. Every study that identifies an environmental problem should point to the relevant economic sectors that cause the problem. Most importantly, the impotent rhetoric about "human activities" causing macro problems such as global warming should be replaced with the more explanatory "human economic activities". Then, environmental educators should proceed to discuss the implications to economic growth policy. In other words, environmental education should become more economically sophisticated to become more relevant to 21st century American society.
Tell us about your education, including degrees, certificates or any other training. What formal education do you have in Ecological Economics?
I went to the University of Wisconsin, Madison for my B.S. in wildlife ecology in the department founded by Aldo Leopold. After four years in the field, I returned to school and received an M.S. in wildlife science from the University of Washington. My research was on elk at Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument.
Then, after five years with the San Carlos Apache Tribe in Arizona, I went to the University of Arizona for a Ph.D. in renewable natural resources, with a minor in political science.
What factors should prospective students consider when choosing an environmental program? Is there anything, in particular, to look for if they know (or suspect) that they would like to pursue Ecological Economics?
If the student has a passion for a certain cause, then he or she should seek an environmental program that will facilitate the pursuit of that cause. This almost sounds simplistic, but I think there are students who let the job market steer them rather than vice versa, and that is unfortunate.
In my case, I had a passion for the outdoors and, especially, wildlife ecology and management. Eventually, that passion was transformed into an equally strong passion for ecological sustainability, and it was only another short step to long-term economic welfare and national security. I have found the ecological economics movement to be populated by people with closely related causes.
In seeking an ecological economics program, or an environmental program with a strong component of ecological economics, I would advise students to consider which aspect of ecological economics they are really passionate about. The three basic choices are economic scale (economic growth and limits to growth), valuation of natural capital, and equity issues. In my opinion, the economic scale issue is most related to sustainability and most in need of more work. The valuation of natural capital is most related to an economically efficient allocation of natural resources, which of course is also important for sustainability purposes. Economic equity is also a prerequisite for sustainability, but focuses more on social justice issues.
Students should simply ask their prospective program advisors and faculty which issue areas they tend to focus on, who would be available for consulting and collaboration, and how their programs may fit with the student's passions. After that, other factors such as background and abilities may be considered to fine-tune decisions and programs.
Based on what you hear in the industry, what do you think are the most respected and prestigious schools, departments or programs that offer Ecological Economics?
As of fall 2002, the University of Vermont's Gund Institute for Ecological Economics became the undisputable leader among ecological economics institutions in the United States, and probably the world.
Renssellaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York also has a strong tradition (though all traditions are relatively young in ecological economics).
The University of Maryland at College Park qualifies as a leading ecological economics institution due to the mere presence of Herman Daly, but there is also a well-established group of ecological economics students at College Park who tend to network with the conservation biology students there.
The Global Development and Environment Institute at Tufts University has an interesting program that offers a mix of neoclassical and ecological economics.
The University of California at Berkeley offers a transdisciplinary economics program with an ecological economics bent.
I am not very familiar with ecological economics programs outside of the United States, but as of June 2003, the International Society for Ecological Economics was developing a list of ecological economics programs at their website.
There aren't many programs offering degrees in Ecological Economics. What other educational path would you suggest that could lead students to successful careers in the field?
I wouldn't give up on ecological economics just because there don't appear to be many programs established in ecological economics yet. In addition to the schools offering formal degrees or programs in ecological economics per se, there are many other programs conducive to studies in ecological economics. Many of these programs will go by the name "environmental economics".
Environmental economics is really a subset of neoclassical (mainstream) economics, but some of those programs have faculty with background and interest in ecological economics. Tufts University is an example and there are many more. The list is growing, too, with universities like the University of Wisconsin, University of Minnesota, and Purdue University recently announcing faculty positions in which the faculty member would have an emphasis on ecological economics. Also, one periodically sees positions in natural science programs (for example, wildlife management) that require expertise in ecological economics, and the number of these positions is also growing.
Jobs in the Field: What to Expect
What kinds of jobs are available for those wanting to break into the field of Ecological Economics? What are some of the job responsibilities?
Most of the jobs in ecological economics per se, where "ecological economics" is included in the job title, are in academia. The Gund Institute is one of the best examples with over a dozen professors and research associates. By its nature, however, ecological economics is a transdisciplinary endeavor and occasionally positions are announced in other fields in which a specialty in ecological economics is listed among the hiring criteria. I have seen this occur, for example, with tenure-track positions as diverse as wildlife science, political science, and geography.
A small but growing number of non-governmental organizations also hire ecological economists or other individuals with a background in ecological economics. An example is the Center for Applied Ecological Economics of the Asia Pacific Environmental Exchange. The duties of these ecological economists typically include economic consulting work with rural communities, regional commissions, and developing nations. The ecological economist in this context is expected to provide recommendations for economic development options that are more sustainable than options recommended by neoclassical development economists.
Finally, there are government positions like mine, "regular" environmental positions in which one finds it useful and important to incorporate ecological economics. These include virtually all positions currently expected to be involved in sustainable development issues. Seldom do these positions explicitly call for a background in ecological economics, however. Typical employers include federal, state, and tribal natural resources or environmental agencies. For example, I serve on the Roundtable on Sustainable Forests and have found myself as the lead (and often lone) protagonist in reporting the fundamental conflict between economic growth and sustainability. The neoclassical economists on the Roundtable have been opposed to acknowledging this principle of ecological economics. (I have experienced a nearly-identical phenomenon on the Sustainable Rangelands Roundtable.) More employees with a background in ecological economics are needed to overcome the academic and political legacies of neoclassical economic growth theory in government efforts toward "sustainable development".
What's the pay scale for someone just starting a career? How about for those at the senior level?
The pay for a starting field biologist is typically in the 20's (thousands of dollars). For an assistant professor in natural resources or in ecological economics, starting pay is often in the 40's (for a 9-month tenure-track position). The GS-13 level in federal government is the highest level at which an employee can expect to avoid heavy involvement in administrative activities such as budgeting and personnel management: starting salary for a GS-13 is about $65,000 and increases in "steps" to approximately $80,000. Full professors in natural resources or ecological economics typically have salaries ranging from the 60's to about $100,000.
Do you have any advice regarding how graduating students can land that first great job?
The willingness to travel and move around is essential early in a natural resources or ecological economics career. Even then, competition is tough. It helps, especially in natural resources, to volunteer or intern at first. It is difficult financially, but often not as bad as it may sound because virtually all of your expenses are covered under many volunteer programs. In fact, it is more like working for a subsistence wage. The Student Conservation Association is a good place to start looking for a career in natural resources. To go straight into ecological economics, graduate school is probably the best route.
How is the job market right now? How do you think it will be in the next 5-10 years?
The general job market was great through most of the 1990's and is declining in the early 2000's. Theoretically, conservation biologists and ecological economists should be in higher demand as biodiversity loss and economic unsustainability become more problematic. However, the prominence of both fields will depend a great deal upon social and political developments in the United States and world.
The Industry
What are some trends that you see in the field of Ecological Economics that might help prospective students plan for the future?
To me, the biggest challenge is not so much technical, but political. I think there is an "iron triangle" of economic, political, and professional interests that, for the most part, do not understand the ecological and economic problems posed by perpetual economic growth. Worse, I fear that, even when some of these parties do recognize the problem, they would prefer that the public not recognize it for the sake of maximizing short-term profits, votes, or research dollars, respectively. This iron triangle, which I do not think is conspiratorial but has simply evolved as part of American political economy, is nevertheless extremely powerful and will make it difficult for scholars (and students cum scholars) to educate the public on the perils of economic growth.
A closely related challenge is to increase the prominence of the ecological economics movement. This will not be easy because, by its nature, ecological economics does not attract support from the corporate community (and its tremendous public relations resources), which tends instead to support mainstream economics and fund mainstream research. As more students express an interest in ecological economics, however, more colleges and universities will develop ecological economics programs and more future research will be based upon principles of ecological economics. Student demand, in other words, will help to steer the development of curricula and research.
A third big challenge is a fairly technical one, and that is to develop in the literature and the public mind a tight linkage between GDP and the use of natural resources. We have many citizens and scholars who realize that increasing population and use of natural resources are problems, but also think that GDP (in real dollars) can rise without the additional use of resources. I believe this is a fallacious and dangerous argument and have sought to refute it in the literature, but it will take much more work by future colleagues. Until the linkage is widely accepted, meaningful macroeconomic reforms will evade us because we will be setting goals based on GDP growth which will undermine our other goals of environmental protection.
How has the popularity of the Internet affected your profession?
That is hard to say because, while the information pertaining to ecological economics is more accessible with the internet, so is all the other information out in the world. Perhaps the effect has been positive, however, because there is probably a lower "cost threshold" to make the information available at all. For example, publication and distribution of hardcopy literature is sometimes infeasible for movements such as ecological economics due to financial constraints, whereas industry groups will typically have the resources to supersede the cost threshold.
A Final Word
Is there anything else you can tell us about yourself, your career, or the profession that would be interesting or helpful to others aspiring to enter the field of Ecological Economics?
Yes. I think the ecological economics movement is the most inspiring and important intellectual movement today. I think it is bound to survive and eventually permeate the economics discipline, reforming core principles and providing more prudent policy implications. Those of us in the trenches, working to bring the principles of ecological economics into public policy, are making progress, and it is exciting. Please join us!
EDITOR'S NOTE: For more information about the educational and career outlook for Ecological and Environmental Economics majors, click here.


text: I have been admiring CKCOWl's beautiful scrap quilt and decided that I just have to drop what I am doing and make one. I have been working so hard on UFOs and BOMs (started last Jan) that I am feeling burned out. My mantra for quilting has always been "if it isn't fun, I'm not going to do it!" and for the last week or so I haven't been having fun. Yes, I need to complete at least some of my UFOs and I simply love the BOMs I am working on, but I think if I stop and make a beautiful scrap quilt I can go back to work on those projects with new enthusiasm. I have a closet full (literally) of scraps that are getting very rowdy and calling my name. Will let you know my progress. Think I will make a make a new table topper with a springtime feel. Feeling more excited by the minute!

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Hi Paul. Nice Strat! Two tone tobacco with a maple neck? I've got a 71, white a with maple neck. When I'm in a bands I usually play bass. I'm a little too old to stay up that late now. I'm a big Fender fan. I thought Clarence was a genius. I collect and restore his guitars and basses. I played in local Toronto Blues bands for about thirty years. Welcome. I also had a few problems dealing with relatives who thought I was evil or something for not believing. They got over it, especially when some of their children became skeptics. Have patience. Over time things will gradually improve.
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NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A new survey of training programs for future cardiologists suggests that only a fraction are getting the minimum level of education in heart disease prevention that professional guidelines recommend.
"Prevention and management of risk factors (for heart disease) is not an emphasized — and almost neglected — portion of the curriculum," said Dr. Quinn Pack, the lead author of the study. "We don't know how it affects (doctors') knowledge."
To become a cardiologist, physicians who have trained in internal medicine go through a cardiology fellowship lasting several years.
In 2008, leading organizations including the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF), American Heart Association and American College of Physicians published recommendations that cardiologists in training get at least a month's worth of experience in settings devoted to prevention.
These could include clinics specializing in cardiac rehabilitation after a heart attack, diabetes treatment, weight loss, smoking cessation and other related topics.
Accreditation criteria for graduate medical training programs also require cardiology fellows to have training and experience in prevention-related issues.
Pack, who is a preventive cardiology fellow at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, said he had noticed that some of the fellowship programs where he had applied seemed to emphasize prevention more than others.
To find out whether the fellowships are adhering to the training guidelines, Pack and his colleagues sent a survey to the directors and chief fellows of about 200 programs.
Less than a third responded, and among those who did, 24 percent of their programs met the guidelines for training in prevention.
Another 24 percent had no part of the curriculum formally dedicated to prevention.
While some prevention topics — such as the use of heart medications — were nearly always part of a formal lecture to fellows, other topics were overlooked.
The doctors who responded to the survey reported that nutrition, obesity, smoking cessation and managing chronic diseases each earned a place in a formal lecture less than half the time.
Dr. Roger Blumenthal, a professor at Johns Hopkins University who chaired the task force that wrote the ACCF training guidelines, said it was "very disappointing" that only a quarter of the programs set aside time in their fellowships for a rotation in prevention.
"What we would hope is that they're applying the basic preventive cardiology principles for the rest of their cardiology time," he told Reuters Health.
Pack said that in general the training recommendations have more of an emphasis on diagnosis and the management of acute heart conditions, and that fellows end up spending more time learning how to read stress tests and insert stents, for example.
Not only are these skills more technical than, say, helping people quit smoking, they can also earn doctors more money, Pack said.
"There tends to be more focus on the reimbursable procedures," Pack told Reuters Health, "as opposed to the things that, in my opinion, make a real difference to patients — the medications, the diet, the smoking cessation and lifestyle changes."
Pack's study did not measure whether doctors whose fellowships followed the training recommendations were more knowledgeable in prevention than doctors who didn't get a dedicated prevention rotation.
The survey respondents often said that a lack of time to devote to prevention training was the biggest obstacle to meeting the guidelines.
Another problem was a lack of faculty members with expertise in prevention. Twenty fellowship programs had no faculty who specialized in the subject.
Blumenthal said the lesson learned from Pack's study is that program directors need to make sure their fellows properly understand all the fine points of prevention in cardiology.
Pack said getting prevention experts on staff and reconfiguring the fellowship program to include time for prevention could help programs meet the training recommendations.
"There's time," he said. "It's just given to other priorities."
SOURCE: bit.ly/K4162o The American Journal of Cardiology, online April 4, 2012.


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A few hours after brokering a deal on the House climate bill, Rep. Collin Peterson, D-Minn., chairman of the House Agriculture Committee, explained why compromise was necessary, how the controversial indirect land use provisions will be handled and repeatedly commented on the mutual distrust between agriculture and the EPA.
"We've been working for a considerable time with (Rep. Henry Waxman, D-Calif., chairman of) the House Energy and Commerce Committee on the agriculture concerns in this bill," said Peterson during a June 24 teleconference. "Last evening, we were able to come to a conclusion on that.
"Basically, there will be an offset program for agriculture that we believe will work. We were able to write the language for it. The decision was made to leave the running of the program, the rulemaking and so forth with USDA — and without EPA involvement."
Peterson has long derided the EPA's ability to craft cap-and-trade rules that won't adversely impact farmers. To get past that "sticking point", the Peterson-Waxman compromise calls for USDA to assume the role of chief cap-and-trade rule-maker.
Even so, "there probably is a role for EPA in this," conceded Peterson. "The bottom-line problem is EPA doesn't trust agriculture and agriculture doesn't trust EPA.
"I don't have a problem with (EPA) having some kind of oversight or audit function at the macro level — you know, a department looking at the overall program. But we weren't able to work that out. So, we'll send a letter to the White House to get their input. I've been talking to them and they seem to generally agree with us. … They'll give their advice about how EPA could be involved in this process."
The second major sticking point — indirect land use — "is out of the bill," announced Peterson. "There will be a five-year study (on that). Depending on what the conclusion of the study is, the three agencies — EPA, Department of Energy and USDA — will all have to sign off. That means the USDA has veto power over this. Without all three, it can't move forward."
And there is a further backstop. If all three agencies do sign off on the conclusions, "there's a provision for another year for Congress to intervene if we disagree with the decisions made. Nothing (on indirect land use) can happen for six years. It's out of the whole equation, out of the Renewable Fuel Standard and so forth. We thought that was acceptable."
In addition, the House bill — which may be voted on as early as Friday — would exempt agriculture from having to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
"We put the agriculture exemption back in the bill. It's clear that agriculture won't be put under the cap and charged with anything in this bill."
Also in the bill:
• A provision allowing rural utility companies to buy a piece of future nuclear plants by using federal funds. Peterson also repeatedly spoke on the need to protect and help rural electricity providers take advantage of the new cap-and-trade legislation.
• "Early adopters" of locking carbon into soil (through con/reduced-till and planted trees) will be rewarded. Efforts as far back as 2001 will be eligible for carbon credits.
"One of the parts of the agreement is if you've been doing the right thing, you'll get credit for it under this program. That wasn't anticipated by EPA. So, people who are doing no-till, those planting trees, (doing) conservation and so forth won't be precluded from participating in the offset program.
"USDA will do the rules so we expect them to be somewhat farmer friendly and produce rules that will work for production agriculture."
• Futures markets for carbon contracts will be overseen by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) would oversee the cash market.
"There won't be any trading of carbon credits on anything other than the regulated exchange," insisted Peterson. "No over-the-counter, no customized swaps — it'll have to be standardized on an exchange." Some politicians called for "the FERC to take over the futures market. That's not going to happen because they don't know how to do that. We're fine with them running the cash market."
Informed that there have been claims some Midwest states could see electric rates doubling under the legislation, Peterson said, "I don't think that's true.
"We can't quantify this, but we think the impact won't be anything like a doubling of bills. Worst-case, from what I see — and this is out of the blue, so don't hold me to it — is a 5 to 10 percent increase in electricity costs for farmers. For consumers, they won't see that because the majority of them will be insulated through the process.
"There are also credits that will be given out to people who are below 150 percent of poverty. So, if you have a farm that isn't making any money, you'll get some extra money out of that."
Further, a recent study by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) produced "a score that showed the cost (of the legislation) to be significantly less than has been bandied about by people. My experience with the CBO is they're tough and, if anything, overestimate things. They're estimating something like $175 per family. That doesn't quantify what the effects could be in agriculture but, because of the free allowances given out the amount of increased costs to be generated will be fairly small."
The offset program "is now, we believe, workable and is a potential source of income for farmers. That should mitigate any additional costs for those who can produce. There's still some talk about trying to (address) those unable to participate in the offsets: fruit and vegetables, rice, perhaps cotton and peanuts. That's a work in progress."
Pushed for a reason that the climate bill will be voted on so quickly, Peterson said the urgency was due to President Obama's scheduled early July visit with the G-8. Obama "wants something in hand to show (those at the conference) what we're working on. That's part of what's driving this."
Prominent naysayers of the legislation — among them the American Farm Bureau Federation — are still warning the legislation contains pitfalls for agriculture. To assuage such concerns, Peterson said the current bill is still a long way from finished.
The House bill "isn't becoming law. I can guarantee you this will be further refined in the Senate in a way that will be beneficial to (rural states). I have no doubt about that."
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The following notice is required for ammunition, firearms and some other types of products sold in the State of California. This notice may or may not apply to this item, but to comply with the law we are posting this notice on all of the more than 400,000 products we sell to be sure we do not miss any that it does apply to. This item may or may not be legal to own or sell in the State of California. Regardless of this notice, all federal, state and local laws and restrictions still apply.


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April 28, 2012-Stories from Ilha Dos Lencois (Island of the Sheets)
Dos Lencois
We're anchored in the middle of the river, which is not a river but one of the many winding saltwater filled channels which separate the island of Dos Lencois from the other islands of this group, most of which are low, muddy mounds covered with mangrove swamps, behind the giant sand dune which dominates Dos Lencois. It is a maze getting into this spot in the delta of Rio Macuripana and, as usual for this part of the Amazon basin, the charts lack detail, however we had local knowledge, some of it wrong, but mostly right, which told us how to get here and here we are.
"A lovely spot," we were told, and that is true. It is quiet, scenic, filled with bird life, and peaceful Portuguese fishermen from the village around the bend who seine the river from small wooden boats for Covina, eels, and prawns. We can see the surf in the distance, and hear it roaring on the miles of banks to seaward of this island but in this river, behind this dune, we are sheltered.
We've been here three days, and we are going to leave this morning with the tide. The only way out is back through the channels and we need 10.5 feet of tide, which happens today at 9:50 and not again until May 2, then into the main river, and a long beat out to open water, 17 miles. After that we can bear off and head towards Trinidad.
The village is between the dune and the ocean, and surrounded by smaller dunes and scrub brush. The people here are European, not Amazon Indians. Besides the family units which fish the river in small boats there are men who take bigger, motorized, fishing boats out the channels into Rio Macuripana each morning.
We watch their path and can see where the channel is so we are better prepared to follow deep water than when we came in here, when we were blind.
We've watched these villagers as they fish and otherwise go about their lives near this village. We saw a young man on a returning boat, one of four men aboard, wearing only a pair of blue briefs, who, as the boat got close to the village, reached into the cabin and withdrew clean clothes: a shining pair of long red shorts and a bright yellow soccer top with the number "10". When the boat nosed up to the steep side of the dune this young man got off, well dressed, and carrying a large fish at his side, his day's pay perhaps, and headed off towards home.
The fishing boat, having dropped off the crew member from the village, pulled back out and headed down another channel. As it grew dark other boats came in and anchored near the point, and left their lights on which we could see from Wings. That evening we could hear music from the boats or the town but we stayed aboard.
We also watch, every afternoon, several young adults appear on the top of the dune over our boat looking back into the delta, and holding cell phones! There is no cell system here but apparently, from the top of the dune, they can get a signal from somewhere. It is obviously a social event as well as a time for making a call to friends in the outside world, and they sit around in groups on the dune until dusk while the dogs and kids play nearby. Once a solitary caller sat in a bowl in the dune which directed her voice our way and we could hear her talking.
A man named Vas and his two boys came by and sold us a beautiful bowl of fresh prawns and the next day two more young men came by and sold us more. They were friendly and shy and Judy gave the second group some cold cokes as well as the 20 reals they asked.
Another afternoon a couple of men beached their boat on the shore and cleaned a fish, and it must have been a big fish, because they were quite proud of the fillets they held up as they sailed past Wings afterwards and a large group of vultures found the carcass and fought over it for a while, gorging until they could not fly. We watched several of big black birds hop up to the top of the dune with their wings outstretched where the winds helped them lift off. Others, not so lucky perhaps, simply flew away.
Now it is 7:00 AM and we are stirring on Wings, making a pot of coffee and listening to the fishing boats departing for the day's work.
Soon we will follow them but unlike the boats of this village, we will go onward to the next port instead of returning afternoon to Ilha Dos Lencois.
Fred & Judy, SV Wings, Ilha Dos Lencois
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The KESMARC Kentucky Approach
KESMARC Kentucky is the finest and most complete equine therapy center in the world. From Breeder's Cup winners to Grand Prix level horses, we have provided care to the top equine athletes in every discipline for over 20 years. Horses sidelined by injury, surgery, or those simply in need of a break can come back to athletic form through our program of controlled exercise. We work with your veterinarian to put together rehabilitation programs for each equine athlete.
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Home / NEWS & MEDIA / Pfizer Animal Health Partners with Customers to Contribute to FFA and AABP Foundation Veterinary Scholarships in 2011
Pfizer Animal Health Partners with Customers to Contribute to FFA and AABP Foundation Veterinary Scholarships in 2011
More Than $2.38 Million Donated Through the Pfizer Animal Health FFA/AABP Support Program Since 2008
MADISON, N.J. — Jan. 28, 2011 — Pfizer Animal Health announces the return of the FFA and American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) Foundation Support Program, which has resulted in more than $2.38 million in contributions to local FFA chapters and veterinary student scholarships since its inception in 2008.
Eligible accounts completing an enrollment form by May 6, 2011, will receive a 1 percent rebate on all Pfizer Animal Health cattle products, excluding MGA® purchases, from Feb. 1 to April 30, 2011. The rebate can be donated to either the local FFA chapter(s) of their choice or to the AABP Foundation – Pfizer Animal Health Veterinary Student Scholarship Fund.
"Connecting FFA members with their local veterinarians is incredibly valuable in educating them about the animal health industry," says Will Fett, regional director, National FFA Foundation. "This program also provides local FFA chapters with funds for traveling to educational and leadership seminars. This has been an excellent program, and we look forward to continuing it."
In previous years, more than 1,100 veterinarians, animal health suppliers and dealers from across the country participated in the FFA/AABP Foundation Support Program, which is part of Pfizer Animal Health's Commitment to Veterinarians, an initiative supporting veterinarians through training and education, research and development, and investment in the future of the veterinary profession.
"The AABP Foundation – Pfizer Animal Health Veterinary Student Scholarships will help ease some of the financial burdens recent graduates take with them into practice," says M. Gatz Riddell Jr., DVM, executive vice president, AABP. "By targeting students with a proven interest in food animal practice, these scholarships allow more students to enter the field of their choice than ever before. These scholarships should also help address the need for more veterinarians in rural veterinary practice."
Support for the FFA and AABP Foundation help support the future of agriculture, states Julian Garcia, group director, U.S. Cattle Marketing, Pfizer Animal Health.
"Our support to both organizations helps honor the assistance and encouragement many of our team members at Pfizer Animal Health received when they were students," Garcia says. "Many of us at Pfizer Animal Health have been directly involved with these organizations, and now is our chance to work with our veterinary clinic, dealer and distributor partners to give back. In turn, we are supporting the next generation of our industry."
About Pfizer Animal Health
Pfizer Animal Health, a business of Pfizer Inc., is a world leader in discovering and developing innovative animal vaccines and prescription medicines, investing an estimated $300 million annually in animal health product research and development. For more information about how Pfizer Animal Health works to ensure a safe, sustainable global food supply from healthy livestock, fish and poultry, or helps companion animals and horses to live longer, healthier lives, visit www.PfizerAH.com.
Becky Lambert
Pfizer Animal Health
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Thank you for the opportunity to talk with you today about invasive species. I am David Strayer, a Senior Scientist at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, an independent ecological think-tank in Millbrook, New York. I have a Ph.D. in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from Cornell University, and have been doing research on freshwater ecology, conservation ecology, and invasive species for more than 30 years. I have published more than 100 scientific articles on these subjects, and was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2002 in recognition of these contributions.
Invasive species are one of the largest environmental problems facing us today
Humans have carelessly moved thousands of species outside their native ranges through activities such as transfer of ballast water, release of pets and bait, movement of untreated wood, escapes from agriculture and aquaculture, and deliberate release of species that we thought to be beneficial. Many of these species have had large, unwanted impacts on ecosystems, economies, and human health. We don't have a good comprehensive accounting of the total effects of invasive species in New York, the United States, or the world. However, we do know that invasive species are one of the most important ways that humans are changing ecosystems all around the world, that they cause enormous economic damages (estimated to be more than $100 billion per year in the United States alone), and that they harm and kill Americans every year. We also know that New York is one of the most heavily invaded parts of the world, and suffers disproportionately from the impacts of invasive species.
Invasive species can cause large changes to our ecosystems
Even a single invasive species can turn an ecosystem upside-down. Let me illustrate this point by describing how the zebra mussel changed the Hudson River. Our research group has been studying the Hudson continuously since before zebra mussels arrived, so we have good measurements of zebra mussel impacts. Zebra mussels are small mollusks native to Europe that came into North America in the mid-1980s, probably in untreated ballast water. They first appeared in the Hudson in 1991, and by the end of 1992 had reached a population of 550 billion animals. This population weighed more than the combined weight of all other animals (fish, zooplankton, insects, native shellfish, etc.) in the river. Zebra mussels have remained abundant since then. Zebra mussels are filter-feeders, and the huge population in the river filtered a volume of water equal to all of the water in the Hudson every 1-4 days. As a result, the amount of plankton in the river dropped by 80%. Because plankton is one of the important foundations of the food web, many other species were affected. For example, 1000 tons of fish food disappeared (this amounts to half of all the fish food in the river). One result of this was that the number and growth rate of Atlantic shad dropped substantially. This fish is doing so poorly that the historically important commercial and recreational fisheries for this species were closed for the first time ever in 2010, and the zebra mussel has just added to its problems. Zebra mussels changed nearly everything that our group measures about the Hudson – water chemistry, water clarity, and the populations of many other plants and animals in the river. Humans have done many things to the Hudson over the years, but it is hard to argue that any had a greater impact on the ecosystem than the introduction of this one invader.
New York is filled with invasive species and receives more every year
The zebra mussel is not the only species that humans have brought into the Hudson. A study led by Professor Edward Mills of Cornell University found that the fresh waters of the Hudson River basin contain more than 120 non-native species. Six or seven new species arrive each decade. Just in the past few years, we've seen snakehead fish, hydrilla plants, Chinese mitten crabs, and Asian clams appear in the Hudson basin, all species capable of ecological and economic harm.
And it's not just the Hudson that's being invaded – every assembly district in the state now suffers economic and ecological damage from established invaders, and is endangered by new invaders waiting at the doorstep. New Yorkers living in cities and suburbs probably will pay billions of dollars to remove and replace ash trees killed by the emerald ash borer, communities along the Great Lakes and Finger Lakes are seeing valuable fish killed by viral hemorrhagic septicemia, the autumn tourist and maple sugaring industries are imperiled by the spread of the Asian long-horned beetle, our farmers have to deal with stink bugs, and plum pox, and now wild boars, hundreds of New Yorkers have been sickened and dozens killed by the West Nile virus, and so on and so on.
There are many good opportunities to reduce the spread and impacts of invasive species
There is no good reason why we should continue to endanger our ecosystems, our economy, and our health by continuing to allow invasive species to move freely around the globe. It is often said that species invasions are an inevitable consequence of globalization. I suppose that is true, in the same sense that pollution is an inevitable consequence of industrialization. But just as we know that we can have careless industrialization with a lot of pollution or careful industrialization with little pollution, we can have globalization with many damaging species invasions, or globalization with a few damaging species invasions. And just as we have learned for pollution, it is usually much cheaper to prevent problems with invaders than to clean them up after they occur.
We have many good tools to reduce the movement and impacts of invasive species, but we need to use them. We can treat ballast water, keep potentially harmful species out of the pet, horticulture, and aquaculture trades, stop moving untreated wood, better inspect our ports of entry, and educate the public. Here in New York, we have made a good start with the Invasive Species Council, the Office of Invasive Species Coordination, and the programs they oversee, but these programs have too few people and too little money to take advantage of all of the good opportunities we have today to better manage invasive species.
I worry that our children and grandchildren will some day look out onto a world filled with undesirable and unmanageable invasive species, as they pay bills for problems that we created, and wonder why we did so little when we understood very well that invasive species were a problem and had the tools to stop them. Why are we doing so little?
Thank you for your attention.


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As the oil and gas industry continues to develop a local workforce, there's a sharper focus on training more Ohioans for land management.
Considered an integral part of developing the country's fossil-fuel resources, the process of tapping the country's shale gas reserves begins with landmen who acquire the land that every exploration and production company needs to stay in business and produce the resource.
Perhaps not as glamorous as a career in geology or petroleum engineering, landmen still require much general knowledge about the industry. They conduct title research, secure and negotiate contracts, deal with locals and mine courthouses across the country for important documents.
"It can be a real challenge, especially in underdeveloped areas without a lot of oil and gas development to find experienced professionals," said Martin Schardt, executive vice president of the American Association of Professional Landmen, which has a regional chapter in Appalachia and works regularly on issues in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. "When the [Utica Shale] got underway, companies would have professionals come in from the Southwest oil-producing states like Louisiana, New Mexico or Texas and then take local folks and develop them to do the work."
Since 2009, when leasing began ahead of the shale boom in Ohio, that trend has progressed here.
"There are landmen in Ohio, there always has been, but there's just not enough of them," Schardt said. "What you're seeing now is a lot of those guys from Texas or wherever are heading back home because they've developed talent in places like Ohio or they're just flat out moving here."
A survey conducted among 3,139 of the AAPL's 12,500 members last year showed that the median compensation for a landman working in the oil and gas industry was about $90,000 per year, but that number can go far higher depending on where the work is being performed and what kind of experience and education an individual has.
The same survey showed that the amount of landmen living and working in Ohio between 2007 and 2010 increased by 19 percent.
Kristopher Carroll, chief executive of Canton-based KK&C Endeavors, a land-services company, recently told The Vindicator at an energy jobs fair in Boardman that he arrived in the state from Wyoming in 2007.
In May, he partnered with the land-acquisition company Sulmona Energy, based in Youngstown, and Retrain America to offer landmen training certification at YSU Metro College. Those courses were offered last year, too, said the metro college's program planner, Michael Glonek, who works with businesses and several industries to meet their workforce training needs.
Though the metro college provided only a venue for the shale exploration certification courses, Glonek said the class was heavily attended last year, with about 25 participants paying to take the course. Glonek estimated that about 10 people participated this year.
He added that Youngs-town's interest in the oil and gas industry has been minimal in recent years, but it's beginning to grow as the shale gas boom continues to take off. More grants and private-public partnerships are being offered across the region to grow the industry's workforce here.
"Leasing in Ohio has crested and fallen off, but there will always be demand for these types of professionals," said Thomas Stewart, executive vice president of the Ohio Oil and Gas Association, which works closely with the AAPL on public policy and other land management issues. "Now, there are title issues, right of ways for pipelines and a lot of other stuff that comes with development. The big lease play is not over here; it's just not as feverish as it was a year or two ago."
This is why Schardt said the AAPL recently has accredited two universities in the region to offer landmen education. Penn State University and Western Virginia University will begin offering bachelor's and master's degrees in energy and land management next year, he said.
Landmen need a firm grip on communications skills for negotiations, the regulatory process and even geoscience among other things.
The AAPL's goal is to have more locals working in land management in Ohio, West Virginia and Pennsylvania in the next three to five years, after certain degree programs get underway.


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DOE Studying Effects of Potential Lab Near Lead
LEAD - The Department of Energy has started an environmental assessment in Lead that will determine whether building a new surface laboratory will have significant effects on human health and the environment.
The Black Hills Pioneer reports that the study is a standard procedure for major large-scale projects. The assessment will look at the impact having a Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment facility in Kirk Canyon will have on the surrounding area.
The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment will further study neutrinos and how they change form in transit.
Scientists hope to build a $50-million surface facility for the project before eventually setting up lab space in the Sanford Underground Lab.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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The Ladies with Cuba and Vanessa
Actress Vanessa Williams and actor Cuba Gooding, Jr. discuss their Tony Award-nominated Broadway show "The Trip To Bountiful" join the ladies of The Talk on Friday, May 17, 2013 on the CBS Television Network. Sara Gilbert, from left, Vanessa Williams, Sheryl Underwood, Cuba Gooding, Jr., Julie Chen, Sharon Osbourne and Aisha Tyler, shown. Photo: Heather Wines/CBS ©2013 CBS Broadcasting, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Come see us on Campobello!
Our van is picking you up at any place on Campobello and Lubec. We do custom private tours and groups are welcome.
Our "Step-on Guide Service" has been popular for bus groups as well as private tours and we continue offering this great way to see Campobello in 2019. Our guide will meet you at any location on Campobello Island and you will enjoy all sights and hear about our rich history. All standard tours will last about 3hrs. If you are in a Motor coach or are a motor coach operator, your tour will be shorter as coaches cannot access the Natural area of the Roosevelt Park.
Specialty tours, also in combination with Tours to St.Andrews can be tailored to your personal wishes.
Coming from the U.S. you will need your passport and please remember that Campobello is on Atlantic Time.
(Eastern Time+1hr.)
For reservations please call or email a day prior to your intended visit. Any later attempt to make a reservation may go unsuccessful as we might be on a tour just when you call.
Thanks for visiting and be welcome to the island.
2019 Rates:
3 hrs Van-Tour across the Island CAD 40/person, USD 30/person
Step-on Guide (joining you in your vehicle) CAD 30/hr, USD 20/hr.
Walking Tours: CAD 35/hr. USD 25/hr.
PRIVATE TOURS: Call for individual rates.
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Useful information on crossing our border to the United States: LINK
Sunday, September 1, 2013
The Coast And The Sea – just pictures
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We know that Bostonians take a lot of heat around these parts — or pretty much anywhere in the world of sport these days — and we suspect they can take it; multiple championships will serve as balm to just about any wound. (Other, than, you know, maybe a gunshot.) But we're gonna compliment them anyway; everyone we and our parents met at Fenway Park this weekend were friendly and welcoming. And that's not easy to do when one's team is down 8-0 after two innings.
It was the Leitch family's first trip to Fenway, and our father couldn't get over the fact that they had seats on top of the wall now. But we really couldn't get over how warm and pleasant everyone was; other that one douche who high-fived us to say "thank you for 2004, dude, yeah!" the whole Fenway crew had a vibe that was on the right side of the force. Unlike some people.
We did enjoy the team shop. Did you know you could buy a Dice-K thong? We had no idea there was such a market.


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This post is on causal inference. Errors in causal inference in the social and behavioural sciences are prevalent both in the scientific literature and in the media. This post (a) suggests articles on causality to read, particularly for researchers in psychology; (b) discusses and critiques material on the Internet on causality; and (c) provides further links to material on causality.
Friday, October 30, 2009
Thursday, October 29, 2009
Tips for Using StatET and Eclipse for Data Analysis in R
My favourite editor for conducting analysis in R is the StatET plug-in for Eclipse. This post discusses an assortment of tips and tricks that I've discovered to make this editing environment even better.
By jeromyanglim on Thursday, October 29, 2009 Labels: Eclipse, R, StatET 4 comments
Monday, October 26, 2009
Scale Construction | Item Reversal, Scale Scores, Reliability, and Metadata
This post discusses how to: (a) use exploratory factor analysis output to determine items to retain on a test; (b) run syntax that reverses items and produces scale scores for a test; (c) calculate reliabilities for scales using retained items. Various tips are provided to make the process more efficient and less error-prone. The example uses SPSS, but many of the ideas would generalise to other statistics packages.
By jeromyanglim on Monday, October 26, 2009 Labels: factor analysis, scales, SPSS 2 comments
Exploratory Factor Analysis and Scale Construction | R, SPSS, and General Resources
In this post I provide links to resources on exploratory factor analysis and scale construction. Links are provided for conducting exploratory factor analysis in R and in SPSS. Links to academic articles on the topic of exploratory factor analysis and scale construction with an emphasis on psychological applications are provided.
By jeromyanglim on Monday, October 26, 2009 Labels: factor analysis, scales 6 comments
Depth Interviews | Applications, Thoughts, Resources
This post discusses depth interviews. The post: (a) provides a range of applications where interviews may be useful; (b) makes a few observations from my experience; (c) lists additional resources for the interested reader.
By jeromyanglim on Monday, October 26, 2009 Labels: interviews, market research, qualitative research 1 comments
Saturday, October 24, 2009
Data Mining and R
This post lists a few data mining resources in R. I also provide a few observations on the distinction between data mining, data analysis, and statistics as it pertains to the analysis work that I do in psychology.
By jeromyanglim on Saturday, October 24, 2009 Labels: data mining, R 2 comments
Friday, October 23, 2009
Syntax Tips for Efficient Variable Selection in SPSS
This post discusses a few tricks for efficiently using syntax in SPSS. The suggestions aim to make variable selection more efficient and less error-prone. Specifically, an example is given of how to efficiently run a reliability analysis on a set of scales. The post is aimed at researchers using SPSS who are just starting to learn about the importance of Syntax.
By jeromyanglim on Friday, October 23, 2009 Labels: SPSS 0 comments
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Introduction to Twitter | One Academic's First Steps
I have just started using Twitter. This post documents my experience. My aim is to give some suggestions to others who might be considering the adoption of Twitter.
By jeromyanglim on Wednesday, October 21, 2009 Labels: blogging, Twitter 0 comments
Tuesday, October 20, 2009
Comments on "Data Intensive Scientific Discovery"
An interesting book has been published free online on the future of the scientific method and the role of computing, software, and information systems: Data Intensive Scientific Discovery
The ideas link in with the concerns of myself and others with reproducible research, data sharing, data analysis, and open publishing.
The ideas link in with the concerns of myself and others with reproducible research, data sharing, data analysis, and open publishing.
By jeromyanglim on Tuesday, October 20, 2009 Labels: data sharing, reproducible research 0 comments
What's in a Name? 21st Century Problems: Searching for PASW version 18
Most people now know that IBM has acquired SPSS, and SPSS the software product has changed it's name to PASW. I have often observed name changes with interest. Kentucky Fried Chicken (at least in Australia) decided long ago to change its name to KFC, possibly because Kentucky was too American, Fried implied fat and unhealthy food, and chicken was too limiting. Likewise, SPSS decided long ago to distance itself from being just a statistics package for the social sciences.
IBM has now released version 18 of PASW. I was trying to find out what were the new features in version 18, when I stumbled on a potential problem with the new name, and perhaps some reasons why IBM may want to move out of troubling teen version numbers as quickly as possible.
IBM has now released version 18 of PASW. I was trying to find out what were the new features in version 18, when I stumbled on a potential problem with the new name, and perhaps some reasons why IBM may want to move out of troubling teen version numbers as quickly as possible.
By jeromyanglim on Tuesday, October 20, 2009 Labels: opinion, SPSS 0 comments
Focus Groups Should Not Be Used to Measure Attitudes of the Population | Myki Case Study
Victoria is in the process of adopting a new public transport ticketing system called Myki based on an electronic card. It's delivery is late and the project is over budget. The system has become a political issue. It was interesting to read the following statement:
"[MyKi project's new spokeswoman] said that Government focus groups had shown that Melburnians were looking forward to using the new card." - TheAgeI just wanted to make a few comments about problems in the reasoning of the above quote.
By jeromyanglim on Tuesday, October 20, 2009 Labels: focus groups, market research, opinion, surveys 0 comments
Monday, October 19, 2009
Getting Started with Social Network Analysis
I have presented research on social network analysis to several forums including to organisational and educational psychology audiences. In these settings the audience varies substantially in their prior exposure to social networks analysis. Researchers new to social network analysis often then ask me where they should start in order to learn about the theories and methods of social network analysis. This post aims to provide some links to get such an interested researcher started.
How to conduct a social network analysis: A tool for empowering teams and work groups
In 2007 I presented a talk discussing ways that social network analysis could be used as a consulting tool to improve team functioning. I'd earlier done some consulting work with Lea Waters applying social network analysis to understand team dynamics in professional white-collar teams. The experience highlighted the value of social network analysis as well as several of the methodological and practical issues that arise when using social network analysis as a consulting tool. The slides from the talk are made available to anyone interested.
Job Satisfaction | Measurement, Scales, Facets
I was just reading through a section on job satisfaction in Landy and Conte's 2010 I/O psychology textbook Work in the 21st Century (3rd edition). The aim of this post is to comment on theories of job satisfaction and issues associated with job satisfaction measurement. I use Landy and Conte's text book (my favourite I/O textbook) as a frame of reference to guide discussion.
By jeromyanglim on Monday, October 19, 2009 Labels: I/O Psych, job satisfaction 1 comments
Comments on the "R Clinic"
Theresa Scott runs an R Clinic at Vanderbilt. Researchers bring their questions along to weekly sessions and some answers are posted on this website. It's great to see the combination of statistical consulting services and public posting of answers for the benefit of all.
Theresa has also developed a set of course notes on R, R Commander, Latex and Sweave, and Excel.
Theresa has also developed a set of course notes on R, R Commander, Latex and Sweave, and Excel.
By jeromyanglim on Monday, October 19, 2009 Labels: R, statistical consulting 0 comments
Analysing ordinal variables
Ordinal variables create challenges for analysis. This post discusses: (a) definitions and distinctions related to ordinal variables, (b) theoretical issues related to ordinal variables, and (c) options for analysing ordinal variables.
By jeromyanglim on Monday, October 19, 2009 Labels: correlation, ordinal variables, polychoric 1 comments
Friday, October 9, 2009
Comments on "Ecological Statistics with R"
Didrik Vanhoenacker has put together a site called Ecological Statistics with R.
By jeromyanglim on Friday, October 09, 2009 Labels: R 0 comments
Introduction to SPSS Syntax | Advice for Conducting Reproducible Research
By jeromyanglim on Friday, October 09, 2009 Labels: programming, reproducible research, SPSS 2 comments
Thursday, October 8, 2009
Follow Up Tests in ANOVA in SPSS
This post discusses how to run follow up tests in ANOVA.
By jeromyanglim on Thursday, October 08, 2009 Labels: SPSS 0 comments
Wednesday, October 7, 2009
Factor Analysis in R
This post shows an example of running a basic factor analysis in R.
By jeromyanglim on Wednesday, October 07, 2009 Labels: factor analysis, R, scales 18 comments
Efficient Variable Selection in R
This post sets out my procedure for efficiently and reliably selecting variables from a data.frame in R
By jeromyanglim on Wednesday, October 07, 2009 Labels: metadata, R 1 comments
Monday, October 5, 2009
Blogs That I Follow
Besides Blogs on R, these are some blogs that I follow:
By jeromyanglim on Monday, October 05, 2009 Labels: blogging 0 comments
Including R Code in a Blog Post
This post discusses ways of including formatted code in a blog post.
By jeromyanglim on Monday, October 05, 2009 Labels: blogging, R 0 comments
Practical Tips on How to Conduct a Sophisticated Online Psychological Experiment
This post discusses strategies for conducting an online psychological experiment. The material was written in May 2008, and I have not yet got round to publishing it in an official outlet, and perhaps I never will. It's mainly just practical advice. Thus, it is provided online with the aim of sharing the ideas. I have other posts on Inquisit where I share sample scripts.
By jeromyanglim on Monday, October 05, 2009 Labels: experiments, Inquisit, reaction time 5 comments
My Software Setup
This post sets out the software that I am currently using.
By jeromyanglim on Monday, October 05, 2009 Labels: software 2 comments
Analysis of a Multiple Choice Test | Getting Started
This post discusses how to perform a basic reliability analysis of a multiple choice test.
By jeromyanglim on Monday, October 05, 2009 Labels: ability, reliability, scales, tests, validity 0 comments
Sunday, October 4, 2009
Calculating Scale Scores for Psychological Tests
This post discusses how to calculate scale scores for multi-item scales. A lot of psychological research uses multi-item scales (e.g., personality tests, symptoms check lists, surveys, etc.). This post focuses on the issues involved with computing these scale scores.
By jeromyanglim on Sunday, October 04, 2009 Labels: missing data, R, scales, SPSS 4 comments
Producing a Table of Item Descriptive Statistics
The following post sets out how to present a table of descriptive statistics for a set of items using SPSS, Excel, and Word. At the bottom of the post, I've got an example of doing it in R.
By jeromyanglim on Sunday, October 04, 2009 Labels: descriptive statistics, SPSS, surveys, tables 1 comments
Saturday, October 3, 2009
Creating Instructional Videos and getting Screen Captures with Jing
This post discusses one way of getting screen captures from your desktop and creating short instructional videos of actions on a computer.
By jeromyanglim on Saturday, October 03, 2009 Labels: blogging, Jing, software, videos 0 comments
Scoring a Multiple Choice Test in SPSS using DO REPEAT
How do you score a multiple choice test in SPSS? This post shows you how.
By jeromyanglim on Saturday, October 03, 2009 Labels: SPSS, tests 8 comments
Data Mining and Statistics Video Course
David Mease has an online course presented with complete videos (Statistics 202: Statistical Aspects of Data Mining ). The course uses Excel and R.
By jeromyanglim on Saturday, October 03, 2009 Labels: data mining, Excel, R, videos 0 comments
Friday, October 2, 2009
Newspaper Reports IQ to be 180 | Is it True?
I was reading TheAge. Google is bringing out Google Wave. As part of the story they interview an Australian engineer on the project:
"Nigel, who has an IQ of 180, is also a maths whiz.." - The AgeThis got me thinking. What does it mean to have a 180 IQ. IQ is a norm score. IQ typically has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Thus, I asked the following questions:
- What's the probability of having an IQ of 180 or higher?
- One in how many people would have an IQ 180 or higher?
- What's is the probability that someone who a newspaper reports as having a 180 IQ or higher, actually has an IQ of 180 or higher?
By jeromyanglim on Friday, October 02, 2009 Labels: opinion 1 comments
Windows XP Virtual Desktop Manager
This post discusses how to set up multiple virtual desktops on Windows XP. Some of the benefits are also discussed.
By jeromyanglim on Friday, October 02, 2009 Labels: software 2 comments
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Hello first post on here we have been running a haunted hayride and corn maze for about 10 years and have some questions for larger guys. Every year I try and expand and improve I do all the building myself we send about 600-1000 people through a year and like to move things around to keep it fresh but my main question is for example I see some places might have a 30 ft dinosaur that cost $10000 or more how do you afford it. I understand it takes a good show to bring in the people. Is it something that just takes time? It is tuff for me I have to run our vegetable farm all summer to make ends meet September hits and all my energy goes into the hayride. It seems like you need millions to run a top of the line haunt. Any advice would be great we do get more and more people each year
No announcement yet.
Cost of scenes
new posts
Cost of scenesTags: None
Also we do not sell any food or drinks. Is it worth it?
- Apr 2013
- 65
Welcome to the forum. Congratulations on 10 years and still going. To address your question, the places that offer the high dollar props, scenes, etc. must bring in a lot of money to pay for them.
The nationally recognized big name haunts are open for 15, 20, 25+ nights during the season and do a high volume of traffic especially as Halloween draws nearer. This coupled with ticket prices at the higher end of the scale gives them the revenue to support props, scenes, marketing, etc. These haunts are big budget and deliver some of the best entertainment the industry has to offer. Spending a ton of money does not guarantee a terrific haunt. The true 'pros' at the top of the industry work very hard to deliver haunted attraction experiences that amaze and entertain their guests.
Expanding your current haunt and changing/re-theming areas to keep it exciting and guests coming back each year is more important than adding a $10,000 prop. If it is not in the budget, so be it. Be creative and do your best to put on the best show possible. With the volume you listed you have the opportunity to deliver a more 'personalized' experience and can use that to your advantage. If in the future your revenues can support some higher dollar props you can add them. Best of luck this season!
"Eye Candy"
With no showmanship or storyline ends up doing very little to impress most customers. Gotta go people arrived for a tour! Later.
Low cost ideas
Check out the Stiltbeast Studios YouTube channel. Allen Hopps has tons of videos on low cost ways to enhance the guests experience at your show- from make up tips to scenic design, it's a huge resource for any haunter. Like and subscribe for new updates each week. -JF
Senior Membermember
- Feb 2009
- 189
15 years and some insight
I agree that the bigger props do NOT bring in the customers. I purchased a big prop from Unit 70, (I love it and Bo builds all my stuff), and I was told before hand that the larger props will not make a difference in drawing the crowds, from a very experienced haunter in the business, and I must say I should have listened. It has nothing to do with the prop itself. When using a prop of this magnitude it is usually used as a distraction and not a scare. I have learned and am looking to replace it this year, of more things from the one and only Unit 70:lol:
We to have the same holding pattern and I think that some of ours might be location as we are located out in the sticks.....but one thing in our favor is the atmosphere, a historical farm homestead, which plays along with our farm theme. The haunt also changes in layout every year. It might be time to move away from the farm theme however the farm theme is what this is.
One of our major problems is having the money for advertising. I have always been careful in the advertising budget as I make sure that I do not spend more in advertising than we are going to take in. I also find that I am conservative in the amount due to the number of actors that we need to have to run such a large attraction (haunted barn/corn maze and a haunted hayride). It seems no matter how many actors I do have there is never enough. So we pay bonuses at the end of the year to actors, based on performance and attendance. We also support local FFA groups, and disability groups.
I think that advertising is the key here. We by no means have the budget for the advertising that the bigger haunts have. More money for advertising would be great if we could cut down on the number of actors, however having animated props located in the two largest areas of the haunt, corn and hayride, are a hard thing to accomplish with limited use of power and air in these locations. We do however, try to keep as much of an even mix as possible in these locations.
I would love to hear more on the advertising situation, and how the budgets are acquired to do such, as I setup our own advertising, working with radio, media, etc. myself.
Kim Hicks
Owner, The Haunted Farm LLC
Pleasantville, OH
- Feb 2010
- 62
you want to know my experience..... props mean nothing!!!! We have a haunted train ride, been going 10 or so years. It starts in the afternoon for little kids, goes until 10 or 11. our props are plain out terrible, I mean bad. There are wal-mart blow-ups, a graveyard with 10 or so plywood stones just bad. But we don't seem to want to improve and still get 3-4000 a year. our price is cheap, and it is all volunteer(plus we own the train), what the people like is the live haunters plain and simple. Could we be better with better props, no doubt, but the person in charge is set in her way of doing it, and we make a fair profit(we are a non-profit historical club). We will probably ride it out until it tanks, then quit.
"Amazing Props?" = Amazing Dumpster-Diving!
Old steel pipe,plastic pipes, rebar, conduit. makesome "bodies" drill holes in the pipe, bolt the pipes together , dress it with old clothes from a dumpster or a "Goodwill" type place, 25cents for a men's suit around here. String it up with 1/16th steel cable, use pulleys or not, make him move, dance, twitch, at the right moment and some will jump and scream, laugh at one another and maybe never forget it!
Showmanship can carry the day (Night too!) Become a storyteller, have one for kids, one for adults, make it more mysterioius and unpredictable instead of stupid/gory, leave some things un-said, implied, leave them a few things to ponder, think about, wonder, worry about.???
You have to reach people. Make an impression.
It takes effort, even practise.
Make them remember you and the haunt and you will reap business that no ad can duplicate as they can't stop talking about it to everyone they know.
You could never make this work if you paid them to do this, impress them and they will be promoting you for free, forever.
When a friend , relative, co-worker comes at us with genuine enthusiasm in their voice , we listen, don't we? We usually remember too.
Last night a Family was here, newbies because a co-worker had told the Father that they "HAD To COME HERE!"
They drove about 90 minutes to get here, to this small village, turned down some tiny, short streets,around a corner to find an 1870 inn with an actual haunted reputation that began at least as long ago as 1925.
This house and grounds are full of things I have made over these last 27 years, goofy stuff, odd, strange, sometimes remarkable. Things not to found anyplace else, most will tell you.
Today I installed my "No Zombie" rocket and launcher into a very tight, small space to make people possibly become somewhat paranoid standing so close to a weapon of mass-destruction, especially if they might be feeling zombie tendantcys...Last edited by Jim Warfield; 04-18-2014, 05:27 PM.


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nanoHUB will be intermittently unavailable due to scheduled host maintenance on Sunday, June 30th, 2019 from 7:00 am ET through 12:00 pm ET. All tool sessions will be expired. We apologize for any inconvenience.
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Advanced Nanotechnology Thin Film Approaches for the Food and Medical Industry: an overview of current status
out of 5 stars
10 Jan 2007 | | Contributor(s):: Vasco Teixeira
In the field of nanotechnology-based thin films and coatings, new approaches using nanoscale effects can be used to design, create or model nanocoating systems with significantly optimized or enhanced properties of high interest to the food, health and biomedical industry. With the development of...
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Semi-empirical Molecular Orbital calculations.
Functional Graded Materials architectures applied at nanoscale: thin PVD nanograded and layered coatings
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Functionally graded materials (FGM's) are designed to achieve levels of performance superior to that of homogeneous materials by combining the desirable properties of each constituent phase. FGM's are composite materials where the composition or the microstructure is locally varied so that a...
Heat Transfer across Solid Contacts Enhanced with Nanomaterials
11 Feb 2008 | | Contributor(s):: Timothy S Fisher
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Northwestern University Initiative for Teaching Nanoscience
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This package allows users to study and analyze of molecular properties using various electronic structure methods.
Selected Properties of Carbon Nanostructures: from Exotic Fullerenes to Nanotubes
30 Mar 2008 | | Contributor(s):: Manfred M. Kappes
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Understanding Deformation Processes in Nanocrystalline Metals Through the Use of Real-time Electron Microscopy Techniques
03 May 2007 | | Contributor(s):: Eric Stach
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[Illinois] BioNanotechnology Seminar Series Spring 2012: Nanostructured Surface for Enhanced Fluorescence Cell Imaging
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Clamcleat Q-Lok$3.56
More information on Clamcleats® :
Sailing Clamcleats use a simple v-shaped groove with ridges or 'teeth' to hold lines securely on dinghies, catamarans and other small boats. Easy to cleat or release with a quick pull, Clamcleats work well to securely hold control lines or small halyards. Made to cleat lines 16mm and smaller.
APS stocks the right clamcleat for any application.
Open Clam Cleats allow the rope to drop down straight into the teeth of the cleat to secure it.
Fairlead Clamcleats guide the rope into the cleat through the fairlead at the front of the cleat.
Side Entry Clamcleats use a side entry fairlead allowing the rope to be hooked under the fairlead and cleated.
Roller Clamcleats use a roller to allow ropes to smoothly enter the cleat at angles greater than traditional clam cleats. Reduced friction compared to a fairlead clam cleat means these are great for frequently adjusted lines.
Power Grip Clamcleats create a handle of sorts allowing you to pull at least twice as hard without the pain of pulling on smaller diameter line.
Auto Release Clamcleats are designed to be mounted on the tiller for easy release of the rudder when a set load is exceeded (such as hitting underwater objects or bottom). The auto release clam cleat is great for dinghies or any boat with a swing up rudder assembly.
Sail Line Clamcleats are attached to the sail and perfect for tensioning leech lines or to adjust reefing points on sails.
Clamcleats Rigged on a Line are used as trapeze and vang cleats. This cleat has a built in pulley for a quick, secure lock that is easy to release.
Shop all Cleats & Clutches and Hardware on sale at APS.