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Sure, Facebook may be great for reconnecting with old pals, sharing links and posting often-inane status updates – but can the site save the world?
The social networking service recently started a new page – Peace on Facebook – aimed at bringing the world together one friend request at a time.
The page reveals Facebook friendships struck across international, religious and political lines – "5,788 Israel-Palestine Connections in the Past 24 (hours)" is a typical example. It also boasts an interactive survey that asks: "Do you think we will achieve world peace within 50 years?" and lists responses from selected countries. (Colombians, so far, have proven most optimistic, while the pessimists are most prevalent in the U.S.)
It wouldn't be Facebook without a stream of comments, most of them positive. "It is time to see the people behind the armor – break stereotypes and feel for one another," wrote a poster from Israel.
If it all sounds a little hippy-dippy and a target for ridicule, well, it is. The introduction to the page declares: "Facebook is proud to play a part in promoting peace by building technology that helps people better understand each other."
But as Nick Lowe asked, "What's so funny about peace, love and understanding?"
Lowe's musical question to cynics came in 1974, in the aftermath of a 1960s wave of pop-culture dreamers and peaceniks. Some 35 years later, the Internet has become a powerful platform for the melding of art and ideas. The reach of Facebook, like music in the post-Edison and post-Marconi age, is phenomenal, with an estimated 300 million users.
If John Lennon were alive, maybe he'd eschew a bed-in for a log-in. His wife Yoko Ono has long been aboard the Internet peace train.
Facebook might not be able to save the world or even make a dent in the hate game. But is there any harm in trying and hoping?
All we are saying is give Facebook a chance.
Hester is founding director of the award-winning, multi-media NYCity News Service at the City University of New York Graduate School of Journalism. He is the former City Editor of the New York Daily News, where he started as a reporter in 1992. Follow him on Twitter.


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This group aims to connect Lebanese Atheists.
Location: lebanon
Members: 12
Latest Activity: Sep 12, 2013
This group does not have any discussions yet.
hello Guys I am thinking of meeting u some day guyz
sorry i wasnt able to reply sooner, something unexpected turned so i wont be able to meet you tonight.. I can com to the meeting tomorrow night, you just give me the place and time..
anymwhere in hamra i font mind
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text: 1 by Яick Harris The primary purpose of playing blues is to pass the audience the ball player's very own standpoint towards the social activities, issues, love, life and occasions. To do so, all he has got only a guitar and an account. In blues it is vital to express your […] Discover Ways To Play Blues Guitar Online5 May, 2015 in Blues Music tagged 3 O'Clock Blues / Alzheimer's disease / B.B. King / blues / Devo / Discover / electric guitar / guitar / Newport Folk Festival / online / Play / Rock and roll / song / The Beatles / Ways by Manuel Marino


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What You Missed On Day Three of Gorsuch's Hearing
Catching up on the third day of Gorsuch's confirmation hearing? Here's what you missed:
Gorsuch's potential future colleagues gave him a headache, by overturning one of his rulings from the 10th Circuit during his hearing to join that very court, and a misspoken word lead to a lot of laughs. We took a look at how many "no" votes SCOTUS nominees have gotten in the last 42 years, and while watching this four-day grueling job interview, we scoped out Justice salaries, too.
Gorsuch also asked to make a few remarks towards the end of the hearing. Watch it here.


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Despina Souhlas-Scala Stair
At Design Interviews
Interview with Despina Souhlas : Frank Scott: What is the main principle, idea and inspiration behind your design?. Despina Souhlas : The idea stemmed from the need to design a stair with a dual function, one was to provide a means of reaching the upper level, the second was to de-emphasize the low ceiling on the upper floor. .Frank Scott: What has been your main focus in designing this work? Especially what did you want to achieve?. Despina Souhlas : Our focus was to provide a simple open stair that maintained it's design integrity even as it changed in shape for the added purpose of becoming a gateway for the upper level. .Frank Scott: What are your future plans for this award winning design?. Despina Souhlas : In additional to this design, our hope is to use all our past experiences and met goals to inspire future designs/solutions needed for new projects. .Frank Scott: How long did it take you to design this particular concept?. Despina Souhlas : We studied the existing conditions and determined the concept quickly. There were many generations of sketches to develop the overall design of the stair which lasted a few weeks, on and off. .Frank Scott: Why did you design this particular concept? Was this design commissioned or did you decide to pursuit an inspiration?. Despina Souhlas : We were asked to redesigned a space for an established client. When we first visited the existing space the ceiling height on the upper level was oppressively low in relation to the overall scale of the large room. We modified the ceiling within the height constraints on the upper level but also wanted to provide a transition into the space that offered it more prominence. This is why we developed this design/concept. .Frank Scott: Where there any other designs and/or designers that helped the influence the design of your work?. Despina Souhlas : Frank Lloyd Wright and his application of the progression from a small entry space to emphasize the prominence of the living space was an immediate thought when considering the direction for this design. Wrights use of rhythms of vertical and horizontal planes also helped to influence the final design. .Frank Scott: How did you come up with the name for this design? What does it mean?. Despina Souhlas : The second half of the stair envelopes the user and emphasized the transition into a larger more prominent space, this is why we call it the Gateway. .Frank Scott: What is the most unique aspect of your design?. Despina Souhlas : The most unique aspect of this design is the subtle change to the lower run tread design that transforms it into a tunnel for the upper run so the user experiences the same design in two ways, first stepping on it then stepping through it. .Frank Scott: Who did you collaborate with for this design? Did you work with people with technical / specialized skills?. Despina Souhlas : I collaborated with Architect and partner Nebojsa Stanic. .Frank Scott: What are some of the challenges you faced during the design/realization of your concept?. Despina Souhlas : The most difficult challenge was maintaining a simple open stair while still providing an enclosure at the upper level. .
Despina Souhlas-Scala Stair Images:
End of the article, click here to go back to previous page, or alternatively go back to 5px Design News homepage.


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Moroccan Art
Moroccan Cuisine
Fact sheets
Moroccan Language
Morocco Pictures
Morocco travel blog
Morocco travel forum
Moroccan Map
Moroccan News
Welcome to HeyMorocco your destination for Morocco travel information, Berber culture, and Moroccan tourism insights.
Agadir | Casablanca | Essaouira | Fez | Marrakesh | Meknes | Mohammedia | Ouarzazate | Oualidia | Rabat | Taroudant | Tangier | Tafraoute | Tiznit |
Explore and learn about Morocco's rich history, fine art and culture by visiting museums in the capital city of Rabat. Read More
Things to do in the tiny quaint town of Tafraoute and Amlen valley; a town well-known for both its Almond and Argan trees. Read More
Mirleft a small Berber town located where the Atlantic Ocean meets the mountains. Positioned by the seaside, the town is known for its beautiful beaches. Read More
Volubilis is a well preserved ancient ruin from the Roman Empire near Meknes which once stretched out over 40 hectares, and it is now a UNESCO World Heritage site. Read More
Eid Al Adha, the sacrifice feast always retains an important place in Moroccan homes. But lately, we notice that some Moroccans have decided to skip the Feast sacrifice altogether. Read More
Argan a unique Moroccan product known for its great health benefits, Read about the process of extarcting Argan oil and its benefit. Read More
Traveling by bus in Morocco, information about major Moroccan bus companies inclding fare rates. Read More
Imilchil Marriage festival one of the finest marriage events in Morocco celebrated at Imilchil a small town of arond 9000 people, which is located at the High Atlas mountain region of Morocco. Read More
An introduction to Moroccan architecture history and design known as rich, alluring, and as varied as the landscape of Morocco. Read More
Learn Moroccan Arabic


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Earth from Space: Canary Island fires
This Envisat image captures a large plume of smoke rising from two forest fires that burned out of control earlier this week on the southern tip of the Spanish Canary Island of La Palma (top left).
The fires, which destroyed some 3000 ha and burned some 50 houses, broke out last Friday 31 July, forcing around 4000 people to be removed from their homes while more than 600 firefighters across Spain fought to control the blazes.
By Monday of this week, one of the fires had been contained with the help of cooler temperatures, lighter winds and some rainfall. By Tuesday, the second of the two fires had also been brought under control.
Seven larger islands and a few smaller ones make up the Canary Island archipelago, located some 95 km from the northwest coast of Africa (bottom right) in the Atlantic Ocean. The larger islands are (visible left to right): La Palma, El Hierro, La Gomera, Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote.
Tenerife is the largest of the Canaries, while Gran Canaria is the most populated. The entire island of La Palma was declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1983.
The Roque de Los Muchachos Observatory, home to one of the world's most extensive fleet of telescopes, is located on La Palma. The observatory, perched atop a 2400-m high peak, is considered to be the northern hemisphere's second best location for astronomy, after Hawaii's Mauna Kea Observatory, due to its unusually clear skies.
One of the world's largest and most powerful telescopes – the Great Canary Telescope – was inaugurated there last month. Featuring a 10.4-m reflecting mirror (made up of 36 smaller mirrors), the telescope is able to capture the birth of new stars, study black hole characteristics and cipher chemical components generated by the Big Bang.
This image was acquired by Envisat's Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) optical instrument on 1 August 2009.


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Newly digitized books of statewide interest at Illinois Harvest. The first two are also available on Google Book Search.
Peck, John Mason. A Gazetteer of Illinois. Jacksonville, IL: R. [actually C.] Goudy, 1834. 376 pages.
Carpenter, W. H. The History of Illinois, from Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1857. 255 pages.
DeMotte, H. C. The Alumni Journal [of the Illinois Wesleyan University]. Bloomington:[Illinois Wesleyan University], Volume 2 (1872), Volume 3 (1873), Volume 4 (1874).
Caton, John Dean. Early Bench and Bar of Illinois. Chicago: Chicago Legal News Company, 1893. 252 pages.
Book of Memorial Memberships. Jacksonville, IL:s.n., 1929. 3rd edition. 212 pages. Illinois College. Portraits and brief biographies of close to 200 individuals, including a number of WWI casualties.
Friday, September 5, 2008
Statewide Illinois Harvest
Newly digitized books of statewide interest at Illinois Harvest. The first two are also available on Google Book Search.
Posted by Harold Henderson at 3:17 AM
Labels: gazetteers, history, Illinois, Illinois College, Illinois Harvest, Illinois Wesleyan University
2 comments:
- Jessica's thoughts said...
Hi Harold,
I nominated you for the "I love your blog" award. You can find out more about it here:http://jessicagenejournal.blogspot.com/2008/09/i-love-your-blog-award.html
- September 5, 2008 at 5:43 AM
- Harold Henderson said...
Thank you, Jessica. As you can tell, I don't always keep up to date on my own blog! But I will try to pass along the honor when I get a chance (and get some more posts up!).
- September 13, 2008 at 8:06 AM


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Sunday School – 10:00 am
Worship Service – 11:00 am
Bible Study – 12:15 pm
Wednesday Bible Study - 6:30 pm
12859 Martin Road Spur
Northport, AL 35473
Pastor Todd moves on in our theology study. This passage quickly deals with some basic truths about Jesus. We pray this study is strengthening your faith and knowledge of the truth.


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I Love the '80s. In efforts to - I don't know - honor the Metrodome the Twins have announced that all Saturday home games in 2009 the Twins will don retro jersey commemorating the initial season indoors. For those that cannot recall the 1982 Dome break-in season, don't worry, you aren't missing much. It was Billy Gardner's first season as the team's manager and his young squad (averaging just 25 years old) finished the 60-102 - a distant 33 games out of the American League West - and the .370 winning percentage easily the worst since the move from the Nation's capital. Even with a new stadium centrally located in Downtown Minneapolis, impervious to the outdoor whether conditions, the team struggled to draw 1 million visitors and finished dead last in attendance in the AL. The roster was constructed with promising yet unproven talent with the likes of Kent Hrbek (22), Tom Brunansky (21), Tim Laudner (24), Gary Geatti (23), Brad Havens (22) and Frank Viola (22). Fans expected and received very little out of them. Still, Hrbek and Geatti displayed power of much older men, slugging .485 and .443 respectively with a combined 48 home runs. Hrbek would experience the first of two voter-inflicted injustices (the later coming in 1984 when he finished second for the AL MVP) being tagged as runner up for the Rookie of the Year while hitting .301/.363/.485 in 532 at-bats while playing for a 100+ loss team. Instead, ballots would be casted for Cal Ripken Jr who would hit .264/.317/.475 in 598 at-bats though playing for a team with 94-wins. The franchise would make several significant personnel moves as well. In April, the Twins packaged 29-year-old Roy Smalley to the Yankees for closer Ron Davis, Paul Boris and future shortstop Greg Gagne. A month later catcher Butch Wynegar was flipped to the Yankees along with Roger Erickson for John Pacella, Larry Milbourne, Pete Filson and cash. Though none of the players gained from the Wynegar transaction amount to anything, moving the opening day catcher made room for minor league slugger Laudner. On the same day, owner Calvin Griffith would ship pitcher Doug Corbett and second baseman Rob Wilfong to California for Brunansky and Mike Walters (along with $400K). In three moves, the Twins had acquired three integral components of the 1987 World Champion team. Maybe that is worth commemorating.
More '82. It should be noted that what burned the Twins the most during this era was their inability to draft successfully in the first round. According to Kevin Kerrane's book, Dollar Sign on the Muscle, the Twins were one of the frugal organizations that had trimmed their scouting budget in order to partake in the socialized experiment, the Major League Scouting Bureau. This resulted in uninspired first round draft picks: Paul Croft (1977 - 15th overall), Lenny Faedo (1978 - 16th), Kevin Brandt (1979 - 11th), Jeff Reed (1980 - 12th), and Mike Sodders (1981 - 11th). Among the first rounders from '77 to '81, only Faedo and Reed would see the Majors. In 1982, the team continued this trend. On the board was the highly touted Tampa high school phenom Dwight Gooden. All reports indicated that Gooden was going to demand a high bonus so it was evident the Twins were going to passed too. The Twins selected Bryan Oelkers, a left-handed pitcher whose claim to fame is being the first player born in Spain break into the Major Leagues, only threw 34 innings for the team. With a Gooden/Viola tandem the Twins would have had the potential of being a dynasty from 1984 through 1991.
Twins Aren't Type A Personalities. Joe Christensen at the Strib reports that the Twins will most likely take a pass on the Type A free agents as to not jeopardize a first-round draft pick in 2009. This is a fairly evident critic of the organization. In obtaining a Type A free agent, you are not only committing a large sum of money but you are also losing a draft pick on the opposite end of the pipeline. Christensen says the Twins have looked at a few Type A relievers, notably Juan Cruz, a hard-throwing relief pitcher for the Diamondbacks, and have stated they have a "Never say never" mentality about it. The rub is that in the past several offseasons, it has been the Type A reliever that has been the biggest free agent landmine. For instance:
Type A Relief Free Agents in 2006:
Denys Baez's A designation came from 112 innings with the Devils Rays, Dodgers and Braves where he accumulated a 90/47 K/BB and a 4.98 RA. Signed by the Orioles for 3-years and $19 M, Baez did not throw a pitch in 2008 and has contributed only 50.3 innings with a 29/29 K/BB and a 6.44 RA since signing the massive contract.
Roberto Hernandez parleyed a 2005/2006 seasons in which he threw 133.4 innings with a 109/60 K/BB ratio and a good 3.50 RA. The Indians, desperate for bullpen help, extended him a 1-year, $3.5 M contract that Hernandez threw just 26 innings with a 7.26 RA before the Tribe released him in June.
The 32-year-old Justin Speier had compiled two back-to-back seasons in Toronto where he averaged a 2.89 RA in his 118 innings. The Angels signed Speier to a four-year, $18 M deal that offseason. Though his 2007 performance was consistent with his previous seasons, his 34-year-old season swung the opposite way. Speier surrendered 41 runs in 68 innings of work inflating his Runs Allowed to 4.42 - almost double than was the Angels were paying for.
Type A Relief Free Agents in 2007:
Brewers closer Francisco Cordero had two impressive seasons in 2006 and 2007 throwing 138.3 innings with a 170/40 K/BB ratio and a suppressed 3.57 RA. Cincinnati, in dire need of everything, inked Cordero to a four-year, $46 M contract. His first season with the Reds was a dominate as ever - almost emulating his previous to with a 3.58 RA in 70.3 innings. However, at 34 in 2009, Cordero is owed $36 million between now and 2011 as his performance is sure to decline as well
At age 29 and 30 Scott Linebrink was dominate left-hander for the Padres and then the Brewers. He was averaging 3.88 RA and posted a 118/47 K/BB ratio in 146 innings between 2006 and 2007. In need of bullpen help, the White Sox gave Linebrink $19 M over four-years. Linebrink's arm broke down and he spent time on the DL, throwing only 46.3 innings in 2008 with his standard 3.88 RA.
Not only does the signing of these player come at the substantial investment to the overall budget and the added shot of losing a high draft pick, but most of the time they are quick to decline. Though Juan Cruz's power numbers are impressive (33% K% versus 477 batters), he will be seeking a multi-year contract presumed to be worth $4 million a season and is just entering his 30s in 2009. All this combine indicates that Cruz will command a healthy raise. On one hand, the Twins have some room to maneuver after decreasing their budget in 2008 but on the other, they are an organization that does not like to be shackled to large contracts. His previous two seasons merit his Type A status: In 112.7 innings, Cruz had a 158/63 K/BB ratio and a 3.59 RA. More consistent with the Twins' philosophy is the Diamondbacks closer, free agent Brandon Lyon. In the past two seasons, the 28 year old Lyon has thrown 133.3 innings and possesses a 84/35 K/BB ratio. Like Cruz, Lyon also has a Run Allowed Average below 4.00 (3.98). Lyon suffered from an inordinate amount of balls finding gaps (a .355 BABIP) making his numbers slightly worse than they. After making less than $4 million in 2008, Lyon would be more prone to signing a short-term deal (3 years or less) for a better price.
Indian Pirates. According to the Associated Press, the Pittsburgh Pirates have signed the pair of Indian pitchers I wrote about last week. The Pirates have had troubles in recent years, not having won 70-games since 2004 and have not had a winning season since 1992. What's more is that the team has had troubles building a solid pitching staff internally - anyone who showed the slightest bit of promise was accelerated to the majors. When Zach Duke, Ian Snell and Tom Gorzelanny didn't respond to the rapid development, the Pirates were relegated to trade fixtures Jason Bay and Xavier Nady for more pitching prospects since the minors was void of anyone. It is obvious that Patel and Singh won't contribute for years to come so the signing represents a shift in front office philosophy - one that does not make a ton of sense. Here is an organization that cannot properly prepare pitchers that have had years of teaching a various levels from high school and college for the Majors and now they expect to groom two that have zero? How can you expect to invest in attempting to development two raw players? As noted, these two are 20 years old that have not yet pitched an inning of organized baseball (some JuCo scrimmages though). This late start puts them well behind the development curve. Nevertheless, Pirates GM, Neal Huntington, remains optimistic. "The Pirates are committed to creatively adding talent to our organization," Huntington said. "By adding these two young men, the Pirates are pleased to not only add two prospects to our system but also hope to open a pathway to an untapped market. We are intrigued by Patel's arm strength and Singh's frame and potential."
San Francisco Geriatrics. The best thing that might happen to the Detroit Tigers this offseason is that the San Francisco Giants do indeed sign Edgar Renteria away from Motown. Rumored by WFAN-AM to have a deal in place with the Bay Area team, the Tigers would get two compensatory draft picks as Renteria received Type A status. In a season in which he hit .270/.317/.382, Renteria did nothing to persuade analysts that he is unable to hit in the American League. After a brutal offensive season with the Red Sox in 2005, Renteria slinked back to the National League where he began hitting again. Tigers GM Dave Dombrowski shipped pitcher Jair Jurrjens and Gorky Hernandez to the Atlanta Braves for the 33 year old shortstop with a shakey track record in the AL. As the Tigers pitching staff disintergrated during the 2008 season, the Braves extracted 188 innings with a 139/70 K/BB and a 13-10 record. The Giants, meanwhile, are looking to replace their 41-year-old shortstop Omar Vizquel. Since the Tigers declined Renteria's 2009 option (at $12 million), the estimated signing price is around $9 million for his services. Even if Renteria contributes enough to reach 8 win share above bench (as he did in 2007), the Giants would be paying $1.125 million per added victory. At 34-years-old Renteria would be a free agent landmine - even if he is able to resurrect his 2007 output. To replace Renteria, the Tigers are attempting to strike a deal with the Pittsburgh Pirates for defensive extraordinaire, Jack Wilson.
Tom Kelly, Horse Enthusiast. Former Twins manager owns several race horses. Apparently, they are pretty good.
Non-Baseball. A man tries to use a drawing of a spider as legal tender. Hilarity ensues.


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Francesco Guardi was born in Venice, Italy in 1712. His father was Dominico Guardi, also a painter, who had come to Venice after his marriage in Vienna. The Guardi was a good example of a bottega (half studio, half shop) in the Venetian tradition. Domenico was founder of the workshop. The elder son, Giannantonio, probably trained Francesco; the brothers worked together on many paintings and church decorations. After 1750, Francesco painted alone.
Guardi was a forerunner of the 19th century Impressionists, and in the rendering of space and light with pen and ink he has never been surpassed. He was fifteen years younger than Canaletto and studied with him. He carried the atmospheric effe
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At The Stratford, you will find opportunities that match job seekers of all backgrounds and career levels. We provide a valuable service to senior adults and take great pride in being an industry leader in such services as wellness programs, dining and person-centered, quality resident care. We are a dynamic company providing our employees with an enriching and rewarding work environment that encourages success and professional growth.
Plus, we have a good time with our work. Working with our members is a true joy and we exhibit our playful side on a regular basis, giving them a cheerful and fun environment in which to live.
Senior Living Communities is an EOE-(Equal Opportunity Employer) and drug free work place.
Industry Leading Benefits Package
Excellent, low-cost medical plan to employees and their family members through United Healthcare. Highlights include: 100% covered preventative care services, and Health Savings Account.(HSA)
You own your PTO account.
PTO combines traditional holidays, vacation, personal time, and sick time into one account. PTO is accrued based on length of service, position, and hours worked.
Comprehensive coverage through Guardian for employees and their family members. Preventative services are covered 100% with no deductible.
Full-Time and Part-Time (excluding PRN) employees may contribute to a tax-deferred retirement plan through Wells Fargo with a guaranteed company match.
Comprehensive coverage through Guardian and the VSP Network for employees and eligible family members. Highlights include $10 eye exam co-pay.
Company incentives are available for employees who participate in the wellness program and qualify based on company wellness initiatives.
Elevate Education Advancement
Senior Living Communities' purpose is to make a difference in and add quality to the lives of others. This purpose encompasses not only individuals that live in our retirement communities, but also our team members who serve them. No matter what role a team member inhabits, they collectively form the core that cares for our Members twenty-four hours a day.
As a Company, we want to provide opportunities to team members that allow them to build on their experiences and further their education. We want to see our team members grow professionally, while working at a higher capacity for us. In doing this, we create opportunities for individuals to move to other organizations and further their careers. We champion and celebrate this because we know we've received outstanding effort and excellent work while they were growing with us.
External and Internal Programs
Currently, we have cultivated relationships with high schools, technical colleges, community colleges, and state colleges in an effort to recruit talented individuals. For example, a Director of Nursing conducts monthly "Learn @ Lunch" presentations at the local school on the benefits of employment with the community. We also have success by setting up a recruitment table on testing day designed to educate CNA students about current employment opportunities at our communities.
Senior Living Communities offers a training program for CNAs called Track to Success. It is a two-part program that trains new CNAs on person-centered care, dementia, programming, dining and facilities. In the first segment of the program, a CNA gets a true overview of what it takes to operate a community. The second facet of the program is a CNA Career Pathway that offers additional training on ADLs, care initiatives, focused dementia training, as well as leadership training. It is a three-level curriculum designed to expand one's knowledge base and build confidence in one's abilities.
Elevate Dollars
Senior Living Communities accepts applications for individuals interested in seeking higher learning at an accredited institution. Advanced approval is required before any funds will be awarded to the team members. Programs must be from the Company's pre-approved course roster, as well as pre-approved roster of institutions. If you have a program that is not on the approved roster, ask, as we want to find the best opportunities for our team.
Full-time team members that have worked greater than 90 days are eligible for this program. The goal of the program is to elevate skills directly applicable to current position with the company. That means a course in skills that are not directly applicable skills (say basket weaving) will not be approved.
All applicants must provide the following information / documentation with the Elevate Application: Completed application.
Co-signer of personal note.
Program Description and expected date of graduation.


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REAL ESTATE- ON THE BLOCK- Cosy and close: An option <span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>for upscale mom and dad
ADDRESS: 808 Monticello Avenue
NEIGHBORHOOD: Belmont
SIZE: 2,315 fin. sq. ft., 130 unfin.
LAND: 0.14 acres
CURB APPEAL: 8.5 out of 10
LISTED BY: Loring Woodriff, McLean Faulconer Inc., 466-2992
Buying an older property that needs work and renovating it to capitalize on the current demand for property in or near downtown is all the rage. And in these pages we've seen some doozies.
In one recent makeover on Montrose Avenue, the owners, in their zeal for all things new, wiped out almost every trace of the original house to create a hybrid that's neither fish nor fowl. Owners of a place on Park Street slathered on bizarre paint colors that the reviewer suggested "should never have come out of the can."
The owners of this unobtrusive house near Clark School, however, seem to have done quite a bit right. Bathroom upgrades include a mod window of glass blocks in the shower on the main level and pretty tiling and new porcelain fixtures in the surprisingly spacious two bathrooms. All the windows were redone with high-end, high-efficiency Pella replacements instead of the distressingly more usual– and tacky– plastic option.
In the basement, a large separate apartment has tile floors throughout, paneling that's so subtle we didn't realize it was paneling at first, and a kitchen as nice as the one upstairs.
The house is deceptively large. It's easy to miss the place entirely while driving south along Monticello Avenue because of its tucked-away situation a bit back from the street. The modest four-columned porch with only two windows flanking the front door, and the steepish pitch of the roof disguise the fact that there's a full basement beneath– high enough above street level to allow for a window in every room– and enough room in the attic to permit a large living area (or master suite) and full bath.
Care was also taken with the systems upgrades: the oak floors on the main level and wide pine floors in the attic were restored without the high-gloss shine often chosen for durability (but which can clash with other aspects of an older place), and a new efficient gas furnace and air conditioning system were installed in 2001.
Design details are also tasteful and appealing. Arches reminiscent of the little adobe place near Jefferson Park Avenue we reviewed a few weeks ago separate rooms on the main level, and muted southwest-ish brown and beige paint helps the rooms appear larger.
In front, a bluestone path leads from sidewalk to porch steps, and out back the yard was configured to permit two off-street parking spaces without compromising too much of the grass. (We would have left the yard alone and just parked out front, but it's not our house.)
But the kitchen, while perfectly serviceable, is not up to the design standards of the rest of the house, and a new owner may want to get busy with all the granite and concrete, stainless, and other glitz apparently required for a Charlottesville kitchen– certainly comme il faut in Belmont. Another apparent requirement these days, the rear deck, is functional if not charming, and it does provide a nice spot to have morning coffee or a before-dinner drink (or maybe even the dinner itself) and enjoy the tranquility of the backyard.
Considering the location, the high quality and extent of the upgrades and amenities, and the unusually large and bright (as opposed to dank and depressing) basement apartment, the price does not cause as sharp an intake of breath as these numbers do when they're associated with ho-hum places in other less desirable parts of town. And even in this "cooling" market, there are plenty of those sorts of places on offer.
The agent reports that the total rental income from both units of the house is currently $1,750, enough to support a mortgage of $250,000 or so if an investor could come up with a $100,000 down payment. But considering the overbuilt rental market, that's probably not the best use of this place.
The charm of the living space and the convenience of the location make us think it might be a good buy for a two-working parent family with one or two little children who wants to put an au pair in the basement apartment and let her walk the kiddies to Clark while mom and dad walk over the Belmont bridge to work in one of the many swanky professional offices in the busy center of town.


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Why buy property in antalya Turkey
Buying property in the Antalya area is a safe bet for any home buyer or investor, the hub of the region that has seen a huge population increase in recent years.
Investment properties are widespread, not only in the modern city centre but along the long coastline, with the stunning Lara beach area, Turkey's golfing capital of Belek and the beautiful historical town of Side, offering glorious golden sandy beaches, wonderful history and of course a wonderful climate for holiday makers in the summer and for anyone living in the area full time who also have the benefit of brilliant facilities of schools, university's, hospitals and a wide range of shopping malls.
Property prices in the area have already increased dramatically over recent years offering excellent rental yields for investors, with luxury sea view Antalya properties reaching in the region of 8% for annual rental yields, marking Antalya as a property investment hotspot for overseas investors from all over Europe and beyond.
Property for sale in ANTALYA Turkey
Gumusluk is a coastal village and fishing port that is located on the Bodrum peninsula in south-west Turkey.
The village sits on the old ruins of the ancient city Myndos, which can be seen through the clear water in the centre of the bay, perfect for snorkelling where you will see the ruins more clearly, with the ruins creating a pathway through the water to the nearby Rabbit Island and dividing the areas Beach and harbour areas.
Much of the hillsides that surround the village are protected against development, therefore, the village will always keep its natural beauty and charm with quaint flower-decked houses lining the streets, and speciality fish restaurants at the waterfront which is where most of the villages visitors head for to sample the tasty fresh fish and seafood dishes.
Amenities in Gumusluk are limited to local shops and restaurants though the busy Bodrum town is just a short 30 minute drive where you will find everything you need, from restaurants to building supplies, schools and hospitals, making Gumusluk an ideal idyllic location for a laid back year round lifestyle.
Real Estate in Gumusluk
With building restrictions being quite strict in Gumusluk there are pleasingly no high rise buildings, there for wherever you buy property in Gumusluk, Turkey your views will never be spoilt, which is pleasing to the ear especially as the locals say that Bodrum's best sunsets are to be seen in Gumusluk due to its south-west facing position.
Being one of the oldest settlements in the Bodrum area you will see many traditional pretty stone houses lining the streets of central Gumusluk, and the surrounding hillsides are where you find the more modern accommodation for sale in Gumusluk, often surrounded by the lush green landscapes with amazing views out to sea and across the Rabbit Island.
Gumusluk property for sale can be found in both modern and more traditional styles and at very competitive prices compared to some area that sit around the peninsula, with 2 bedroom sea view apartments starting in the region of £65,000 and amazingly enough you pick up a traditional style 3 bedroom sea view villa in a complex with a large shared pool at staggeringly low price of £80,000.
Investment property in Gumusluk
Gumusluk and its low prices are excellent for first time investors in Bodrum, a chance to get a foot on the Turkey real estate ladder at an affordable price, with investment accommodation in Gumusluk, Turkey with sea view or sea front locations offering excellent rental yields from Gumusluk lovers.


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A Short History of Hydrogen Sulfide
By Roger P. Smith
From the sewers of Paris to physiological messenger
From the sewers of Paris to physiological messenger
Early last year, reports began to emerge in the Southeastern United States of a strange illness. Homeowners reported nosebleeds, sinus irritation and respiratory problems that appeared to be associated with corrosion of copper pipes and air conditioner coils in their houses.
The culprit seems to be drywall imported from China and possibly contaminated with strontium sulfide, an unstable salt that releases hydrogen sulfide on exposure to moisture. It was used widely in the housing boom of 2004–2007, and in the rebuilding efforts after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, when domestic suppliers could not keep up with the demand. The Consumer Products Safety Commission is now investigating whether sulfide gases given off by the drywall, including hydrogen sulfide, are to blame. The Florida Department of Health maintains a Web site with information for consumers. Lawsuits abound, and many who are able to do so have moved out of their homes. Several estimates place the number of affected houses at 100,000.
To those experiencing or investigating this phenomenon early on, it seemed bizarre. But in fact, this is just the latest chapter in the history of a chemical whose effects were first noted in the 16th century. And there is still more to learn about its role in the human body. Recent research offers insights into its biochemical actions as well as some intriguing suggestions for medical uses.
In 1713, a remarkable Italian physician named Bernardino Ramazzini published De Morbis Artificum, or Diseases of Workers. In Chapter 14, titled "Diseases of Cleaners of Privies and Cesspits," he describes a painful inflammation of the eyes which was common among such workers. The inflammation often led to secondary bacterial invasion, and sometimes to total blindness. Displaying amazing insight, Ramazzini hypothesized that when the cleaners disturbed the excrement in the course of their work, an unknown volatile acid was produced, which was irritating to the eyes. It was also at least partially responsible for the odor of excrement, and it is now known to be generated wherever organic matter undergoes putrefaction.
Ramazzini further postulated that that same acid was causing copper and silver coins which the workers had in their pockets to turn black on their surfaces—an eerie resonance with the phenomena recently observed by U.S. homeowners. Around 1777, a series of accidents—some of them fatal—began to occur in Paris due to a gas emanating from its sewer system. The commission appointed to study the cases made its findings public in 1785. The report described two distinct types of poisonings: a mild form involving inflammation of the eyes and mucous membranes as already described by Ramazzini, and a severe form that was characterized by a fulminating (rapidly developing) asphyxia. It is little wonder that the French Romantic writer Victor Hugo (1802–1885) referred to the Parisian sewers as "the intestine of the Leviathan." Many years were to pass, however, before chemical analyses would establish the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the sewers and implicate it as the cause of the accidents.
The history of exposures has focused on sewers and the workplace, but the corrosive effects of hydrogen sulfide are common knowledge in Rotorua, New Zealand, which was built over centuries in a geothermally active area. The constant exposure to low, environmental levels of hydrogen sulfide produces such damage even as residents enjoy spas, indoor heating and cooking with the hot gases.
Today, the American Conference of Industrial Hygienists has set the so-called threshold limit value for its presence in the workplace at 10 parts per million (ppm) of hydrogen sulfide in air for eight hours a day, five days a week over a working lifetime. The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health estimated in 1977—some 200 years after the Paris accidents—that 125,000 workers in at least 77 occupations, including drilling for petroleum, tanneries and the paper industry, may be at risk of exposure to hydrogen sulfide.
Around 1750, a humble young Swede beginning his career as an apothecary was fortunate to have a series of very understanding mentors who allowed him considerable free time for reading and experimentation. His name was Carl Wilhelm Scheele, and he turned out to be a gifted chemist. Like many chemists before and after him, Scheele seems to have given little thought to the biological effects of the materials with which he worked. One day while distilling potassium ferrocyanide with sulfuric acid, he noted a "strong, peculiar and not unpleasant odor." He brought himself to taste this gas and described it as "slightly on sweet [sic] and somewhat heating on the mouth." Today we describe the odor as that of bitter almonds and call the gas hydrogen cyanide. Scheele may have been fortunate to have escaped with his life.
Perhaps a guardian angel was with him again on the day that he treated ferrous sulfide (pyrite, or fool's gold) with a mineral acid. He called the rank odor that resulted Schwefelluft (sulfur air) and referred to it as stinkende (stinking or fetid). Today we refer to the odor as that of rotten eggs. His patron, the Swedish chemist and mineralogist Torbern Olof Bergman, also demonstrated its presence in some mineral springs. The publication date for these original observations was 1777—around the time of the Paris accidents. The fact that the same man discovered both hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen cyanide was the start of a long series of coincidences and discoveries about the two chemicals that would uncover their similarities.
Investigations on the biological effects of hydrogen sulfide began around the turn of the 20th century. François Chaussier, François Magendie, Claude Bernard and Felix Hoppe-Seyler were among the well-known scientists of the day who labored in that vineyard.
In experiments with dogs, marked differences in the effects of hydrogen sulfide were noted with only small changes in its concentration in the air they were breathing. Fifty ppm, which was considered a minimally lethal concentration at the time, resulted in a slight progressive depression in the rate and depth of respirations. After many hours of exposure, the dogs died from a type of pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). When that concentration was doubled to 100 ppm, death resulted in 15 to 20 minutes. In these cases the respiration was stimulated almost immediately, this progressed to a pronounced hyperpnea (deep breathing), and death in apnea followed. At 300 ppm, respiratory arrest occurred after a few violent gasps. The same effects on respiration, with the exception of ARDS, were known to occur with injected or inhaled hydrogen cyanide. Mice may be more resistant to the effects of hydrogen sulfide. In a 1964 experiment, they survived for 10 minutes in an atmosphere of 1,872 ppm and for 20 minutes at 985 ppm.
A more complete explanation of the respiratory stimulant effects of hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide had to await the discovery of the chemoreceptor function of the carotid body (shown at right), and the reflex effects that follow the activation of those receptors. The respiratory stimulant effects of cyanide and sulfide could be completely abolished by severing the sinus nerve and thus denervating the carotid sinus. In that case, larger doses of either chemical resulted only in respiratory depression, which was presumably mediated via the brainstem. Similarly, injections of sulfide or cyanide into the internal carotid or vertebral arteries also failed to stimulate respiration, since in those cases the chemicals reached the carotid sinus only after dilution in the general circulation. When innervation of the sinus was intact, the hyperpnea was accompanied by a fleeting rise in systemic blood pressure, and sometimes by a slowed heart rate (bradycardia). The cardiovascular effects varied with the injection site and the species and are still not adequately explained.
The great German biochemist Hoppe-Seyler became famous for his discovery of the abnormal form of hemoglobin known as methemoglobin, in which some or all of the heme irons have been oxidized to the ferric form. This reaction is readily mediated both in vivo and in vitro by sodium nitrite. Methemoglobin cannot reversibly combine with oxygen, and the disruption of the oxygen-transport function of the blood can result in hypoxia and death.
In 1863, Hoppe-Seyler passed a stream of pure hydrogen sulfide through a sample of human blood and claimed to have observed a greenish pigment that was associated with shifts in the visible absorption spectrum of hemoglobin. Although he was aware that he had probably produced a mixture containing unstable and denatured products, which resulted in turbidity and precipitation and made the absorption spectra suspect, he still thought that the mixture contained a new form of hemoglobin. He called it sulfhemoglobin and thereby launched one of the most confused areas in hematology. It led to the hypothesis some still subscribe to—namely, that hydrogen sulfide is a blood poison like sodium nitrite and carbon monoxide. No matter that animal experiments clearly demonstrated that it was a respiratory toxin, or that no such pigment has ever been identified in the blood of animals or humans fatally poisoned with hydrogen sulfide. Sulfhemoglobin generated by hydrogen sulfide appears to be a strictly in vitro phenomenon, and it has yet to be prepared in pure form.
No less a scientist than Linus Pauling and his associates described the magnetic properties of another blood pigment, which they called sulfmethemoglobin. This pigment is easily prepared in pure form by mixing hydrogen sulfide with methemoglobin, and it is chemically analogous to cyanmethemoglobin, in which the cyanide ion is bound to ferric irons of heme. The hydrosulfide anion (HS–) also binds to ferric heme, albeit not quite so tenaciously as cyanide. Indeed, this reaction has been exploited medically as an antidote to cyanide poisoning. One can deliberately inject sodium nitrite intravenously to generate a tolerable level of methemoglobin. The methemoglobin will temporarily bind free cyanide as the inactive complex cyanmethemoglobin. Over time the cyanide is slowly released, at a rate at which the body's natural detoxification mechanisms can deal with it.
At least three laboratories have demonstrated that the same principles can be applied to hydrogen sulfide poisoning and that induced methemoglobinemia can indeed be lifesaving. At least a half dozen successful human resuscitations have been reported in the literature. The odds against its successful application, however, are high. Few poisons are more rapidly acting than inhaled hydrogen sulfide, and inhalation is invariably the route of exposure. Sulfide poisoning tends to occur in remote locations, and there is seldom a medically qualified individual on the scene who is prepared with a parenteral form of nitrite and trained to make intravenous injections. Most successful resuscitations from cyanide poisoning have occurred in individuals who ingested soluble salts of cyanide, where absorption is delayed.
In addition to the similarities in their physiological effects, cyanide and sulfide have chemical similarities. The undissociated forms of both hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide are flammable, volatile gases. Hydrogen sulfide (whose vapor density, or d, is 1.19) is heavier than air (d = 1.0) whereas hydrogen cyanide (d = 0.941) is lighter. Both are weak acids with acid dissociation constants (pKa) that are of some physiological significance: hydrogen cyanide 9.2–9.3 and hydrogen sulfide 7.04. Both form salts with sodium and potassium as well as with some alkaline earths. Both anions bind to methemoglobin as noted above, and each of those complexes has its distinct visible absorption spectrum. And both are inhibitors of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme in the electron transport chain that reacts with molecular oxygen in aerobic organisms. Blockage of that key enzyme is believed to be the mechanism of action in the rapidly lethal form of cyanide and sulfide poisonings.
Inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase results in a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation (the metabolic pathway that produces ATP). This in turn lowers the metabolic rate and body temperature in mice. These phenomena accompany states of suspended animation. When mice were exposed to hydrogen sulfide at concentrations of 80 ppm, dramatic effects were observed in the first 5 minutes. By 6 hours, their metabolic rate had dropped by 90 percent and body temperature to 2 degrees Celsius above ambient temperature. When the mice were then returned to room air, the metabolic rate and temperature returned to normal with no detectable behavioral or functional deficits. As already noted, lethal levels for hydrogen sulfide in mice are much higher than for dogs, but this state in mice must also occur over a fairly narrow range of concentrations.
Finally, and most astonishingly of all, experimental evidence contributed in 2008 indicates that like carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide is an important signaling molecule in biology, and it may find a role in medicine. It is physiologically generated in mice by cystathionine γ-lyase, and genetic deletion of that enzyme markedly reduces hydrogen sulfide levels in the serum, heart, aorta and other tissues. Mutant mice lacking the enzyme have marked hypertension and diminished endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, consistent with an important vasodilator role for hydrogen sulfide. The enzyme is physiologically activated by the calcium-binding protein calmodulin, which is a mechanism for hydrogen sulfide formation in response to vascular activation. Thus, hydrogen sulfide appears to be a physiologic vasodilator and regulator of blood pressure. Its relative contribution vis-à-vis the similar nitric oxide is not yet clear.
What a strange and wondrous journey this odiferous and violently toxic chemical, associated with the excrement of humanity, has led us on for five centuries. It's a history that could fill a book, one that covers a vast range of territory, from the search to determine the cause of workplace injuries to fascinating discoveries about how hydrogen sulfide interacts with chemoreceptors in the body. And for all the false leads, in the end it may yet turn out to have some useful applications in medicine—even if only a new Viagra.
Click "American Scientist" to access home page


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The grand opening of the 24,000-square-foot Bonita Springs (FL) YMCA almost a year after its controversial closing drew more than 1,000 people and resulted in 300 membership units sold, which equates to 796 members, The News-Press reported. The Y held an open house with food, face painting and swimming, among other activities.
Ken Modzelewski, CEO of the South County YMCA, reopened the Bonita Springs YMCA under its management. He thanked the community for its support as well as the support of the Walmart Foundation, which donated $100,000 to the Y.
The YMCA of the Palms, Naples, FL, closed the Bonita YMCA on May 31, 2011, after the facility experienced declining membership and revenue. On May 1, 2012, the South County YMCA, Venice, FL, which oversees branches in Venice, Englewood, Fort Myers and Cape Coral, bought the Bonita building for $400,000.
The fitness room was outfitted with $300,000 worth of cardio machines and weight equipment. Fitness classes include group cycling, boot camp, kickboxing, Pilates, yoga, yoga-lates, toning, water exercise and Zumba. Sports leagues are scheduled to start in July, The News-Press reported.


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There's never been a better time to consider walking, public transportation — or the greenest, most efficient form of transport: cycling.
Once a novelty of the Industrial Revolution, bicycles now supply millions of people with efficient, healthy, pollution-free daily transportation. Bicycles can reduce traffic congestion and noise. You can park a dozen bikes in the space of a single automobile, and the idea of a morning commute free of fossil fuels seems particularly attractive fuel costs go up and down.
Even if you only cycle once a week — on Casual Fridays, perhaps — you'll be reducing your weekly commute's environmental impact by 20 percent. That's about the same as trading your current vehicle for a hybrid, and a lot cheaper.
Yes, you'll sweat. No, you won't smell like a horse around the office. Yes, you can really do this. You'll be healthier and a little richer for the experience.
But commuting by bicycle takes planning. Let's get started!
Make it work at the office
There's an old saying that a journey starts with a single step. With bicycle commuting, your journey begins with deciding what happens once you arrive.
The first thing you need is a secure place to park your bike at work. Bikes tend to get in the way indoors, so keep yours out of hallways where people might knock it down or get their clothes greasy. A back room or storage area might work, but your best bet is probably outside — a covered location, if possible — with something solid for a locking support.
Mornings are the coolest time of day to ride, but depending on the length of your commute, you may want a place to change or freshen up. Talk to your employer about your plans and the possibility of setting up a bike-to-work program. If there are no suitable facilities where you work, look for a public washroom (or even a gym shower) within easy walking distance of your destination. You really don't need much: just some privacy and room to change.
Are you in good-enough shape?
Probably so. Whether you're a casual commuter or a pro bike racer, cycling is all about pace.
The biggest mistake made by beginner cyclists is pushing too hard. Regardless of how many "speeds" your bike might have, choose a midrange gear in which you can comfortably turn the pedals at 70 or 80 revolutions per minute. Over mixed terrain, use your gears to maintain this rhythm. This is the secret to efficient cycling. Spin — don't grind.
Commuting should be a gently aerobic activity. If you're feeling winded, ease back. As your fitness improves, you'll be able to turn bigger gears at that 70 to 80 rpm cadence. Ride for pace, and the speed will come naturally.
As with all exercise regimes, consult your physician or primary care-giver before getting started.
Key consideration: Route planning
The shortest way to work may not be the best. Scout roads with marked bicycle lanes. If none are available, look for routes that avoid overly narrow roads, tricky intersections and open storm gratings.
Routes through residential areas are pleasant and usually have the benefit of less traffic. But keep in mind that people are heading to work at the same time you are, and the most dangerous place on the road for a cyclist is the foot of a driveway. Watch for distracted drivers backing into the street. Avoid the temptation to hop up onto a sidewalk: it decreases the time a car has to spot you, and bikes are a hazard to pedestrians.
Once you've found a good route — find another. Part of the fun of cycling is slowing down enough to really see things. Vary your commute and keep things fresh.
It's not about the bike ... entirely
As Tour de France champion Lance Armstrong pointed out in his autobiography, it's not about the bike. You can commute on anything — but the right equipment will certainly make your experience safer and easier.
If you're going to be riding before the sun is fully up or after it sets, you must have lights. Most municipalities have specific regulations about the degree of lighting required by night-riding cyclists, and common sense dictates you get as bright as possible. Here's the good news: a properly lit cyclist in reflective clothing is generally more conspicuous than a daytime rider.
Whether they're legally required or not, ride with an approved and well-fitting helmet. A "lid" can be the difference between a scraped knee and a hospital stay. Or worse.
We'll discuss the selection of commuter-specific bicycles in future articles. But rain fenders and a good bike rack will keep you cleaner and make your bike more useful.
Choosing what to carry
Some commuters cycle in their work clothes. Depending on the length of your ride, your fitness and local climate, this might be an option for you.
Not all of us live in a cool, flat place like Holland, so you may need to carry a change of clothes on the bike. A towel and a washcloth in a ziploc bag will make freshening up a breeze, along with whatever cosmetics or personal items you'll need for the day.
It's smart to learn how to change a tire. Most bike shops will be happy to show their customers the ropes, and it's a quick roadside job once you're in the know. You'll need a flat kit: a spare inner tube, two or three tire levers, and a rag to check the inside of your tire for glass. There are also flat-resistant tires and tubes. They're a bit heavier and more expensive than their conventional equivalents, but well worth the money.
Buy an impressive lock. Kryptonite is the dominant manufacturer in this field. In any case, look for a case-hardened chain or heavy aircraft cable model. Bicycle locks can be defeated, but a sturdy chain wrapped through your frame, both tires, and a secure anchor will make your bike much less attractive to a casual thief.
Finally, carry water. You should drink regularly while riding — at least one standard water bottle per hour. Diluted sport drinks work well, too. If you're thirsty, you're not drinking often enough.
Enjoy your ride!
Traveling by bicycle is a healthy and environmentally friendly way to move around. Enjoy the fresh air and sunshine — and check back for more tips on cycle commuting bikes and gear.
Copyright Lighter Footstep 2008.


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Winebrake also said the awards are also a good reflection of the faculty.
"There's not a prouder moment in a faculty member's career than to see one of their students win an award like this," he said.
It was the 36th year the awards have been presented. Faculty committees in each department within the College of Liberal Arts select student awardees from a variety of disciplines whose work embodies the ideals and standards of excellence, creative endeavor and scholarship.
This year's Kearse Award recipients are:
- Natalie Paskoski, a fourth-year advertising and public relations major from Finksburg, Md., representing the School of Communication, with "Bein' the Girl in a Country Song."
- Avanelle St. Bernard, a fourth-year criminal justice major from Brooklyn, N.Y., representing the Department of Criminal Justice, with "Title IX: Sexual Misconduct."
- Michael Guesev, a second-year economics major from Scarborough, Maine, representing the Department of Economics, with "Wex, Inc.: Strategic Position and Future Projects."
- Maria Nadeau, a first-year biochemistry major from Lancaster, N.H., representing the Department of English, with "My Favorite Place."
- Melissa Fanton, a fourth-year museum studies major from Henrietta, N.Y., won two awards: representing the Department of History with "The Cornerstone of Peace: Peace, War and Post-War Politics;" and representing the Department of Performing Arts and Visual Culture with "Guerilla Girls: The Difficulty of Maintaining Objectivity."
- Rafael Lopez, a fifth-year software engineering major from Katy, Texas, and Sarathi Hansen, a fifth-year computer science major from East Elmhurst, N.Y., representing the Department of Modern Languages and Cultures, with "The First Day of My College."
- Alexander Flavin, a second-year double major in biochemistry and philosophy, from, Conneautville, Pa., representing the Department of Philosophy, with "Hume in Japan."
- Brian Palamar, a third-year political science major from Webster, N.Y., representing the Department of Political Science, with "The Weakest Branch: An Auxiliary Precaution, Publius' Account of the Judiciary and Judicial Review."
- Ciara Lutz, a third-year psychology major from Webster, N.Y., representing the Department of Psychology, with "The Knee-Jerk Reaction: Automaticity and Attention in Modified Stroop Tasks."
- Matthew Anauo, a first-year electrical engineering major from Elba, N.Y., representing the Department of Public Policy, with "Rethinking Third-Party Doctrine for the Digital Era."
- Kevin Kha, a second-year imaging science major from Chili, N.Y., representing the Department of Science, Technology and Society, with "Pollen Essay."
- Brianna Larson, a fourth-year double major in international and global studies and political science, from Stockton, Mo., representing the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, with "In Defense of the Syrian Refugee: Assessing Actual vs. Perceived Risk in Syrian Resettlement."
The awards were created in 1980 thanks to a donation from Henry J. Kearse, founder and president of the construction firm H.J. Kearse Inc., and his wife, Mary, a longtime member of RIT's Nathaniel Rochester Society.
Also, the Stanley McKenzie Endowed Writing Prize for first-year students, funded by and named for RIT's former provost and member of the English department, was awarded toEthelia Lung, a new media design major from Hong Kong, whose essay "Nurturing Discipline," earned her first place. Second place was awarded to Corinne Green, a game design and development major from Los Gatos, Calif., who wrote "Timed Writing Assessments: How They Are Useless."
This year's distinguished lecturer at the ceremony was David Swiencicki Martins, director of the University Writing Program and associate professor in the Department of English, who spoke about "The Liberal Arts: An Invitation to Revise" at the ceremony.


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Saddle-stitched, Two-Color Risograph, 5.75 inches x 9 inches, 44 pages, Golden Spike Press.
Edition of 100.
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"What does success mean to you?" There are many things you can say. This type of question doesn't have a wrong answer. All answers will be correct. So the best answer is how good you can make the answer. A mediocre answer will be something like completing a project on time. You can say this, but add another twist to ...Read More »
انگلیسی در مصاحبه
مدیریت زمان فردی در مصاحبه به انگلیسی
Do you manage your time well?" "In what ways do you manage your time well?" The first question is a little easier. The second question is more difficult because it requires an example. I'm going to give an example for the second question and you should be able to use it for the first question as well. Short Answer "I ...Read More »
اهداف کوتاه مدت فرد در مصاحبه به انگلیسی
What are your short term goals?" This question primarily depends on where you are in your career. A person with 5 years of experience will have different short term goals than a person with no work experience. I'll give an example for both scenarios. But first, here are some short answers. Short Answers "My short term goal is to find ...Read More »
معرفی نقاط ضعف در مصاحبه به انگلیسی
What are your weaknesses?" For this answer, you should display a weakness that can be seen as a strength. There are many types of answers that will work. Some answers will be good answers for certain jobs, while the same answer will be a bad answer for a different job. Select an answer that will work for the position you ...Read More »
معرفی نقاط قوت در مصاحبه به انگلیسی
What are your strengths? This is a popular interview question. They want to know what you think of yourself. Although this is a general question, there is a wrong and right answer. The wrong answer is a generic answer saying you are organized and friendly. Although it will not hurt you during the interview, it will certainly not help you ...Read More »
اهداف بلند مدت فرد در مصاحبه به انگلیسی
What are your long term goals?" This question is asked to see how serious a candidate is about his or her career. Some people might not know their long term goals, and some people might have long term goals of becoming rich and retiring early. Those are incorrect answers for this question. The type of answer you want to give ...Read More »
مصاحبه کاری به انگلیسی ( 1 )
What was your favorite job?" I have never been asked this question, but I know some people who ran into it. That means you should at least give it a little thought so you can think of a good answer ahead of time. The best way to answer this question is to select a job that is most similar to ...Read More »
توضیح در مورد برنامه های آینده فرد به انگلیسی
This is a similar question to the short term question, but you should answer it a little differently. Here are some examples. Short Answers "In five years, I see myself as a valued employee of a company. I want to be an expert at my position and start training to be a manager." "In five years, I want to be ...Read More »
مصاحبه کاری به انگلیسی (2)
What could you have done to improve your relationship with a manager you didn't like?" This question could be a follow up to the question about having a bad manager. In my case, I didn't know he was a bad manager until I switched managers. But here is a generic answer that shows professionalism. Short Answers "If I communicated my ...Read More »
معرفی مشخصات فردی در مصاحبه به انگلیسی
Tell me a little about yourself You should take this opportunity to show your communication skills by speaking clearly and concisely in an organized manner. Because there is no right or wrong answer for this question, it is important to appear friendly. Short Answers "I attended MIT where I majored in Electrical Engineering. My hobbies include basketball, reading novels, and ...Read More »


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Technische Baumwolle
When washing Norrøna cotton clothing, the washing instructions must be followed. Usually, Norrøna cotton products are washed as follows:
Wash at 40 degrees inside-out. Normally, a cotton garment will shrink a small amount when it is washed for the first time up to 3%. Do not use a dryer. Can be ironed using medium heat. No bleach. Can be dry-cleaned.
Over time, normal wear and multiple washes will cause cotton products to lose some of its color. Compared to microfiber and GORE-TEX® products, they may look a bit worn out. Navy blue cotton products are the most likely to suffer from this effect. However, many people appreciate that their garment shows age with use like a favorite pair of jeans. By choosing other or lighter colors, the color fading will not be as great.
Water repellency
By re-impregnating cotton clothing, you receive the benefit of the product not picking up water and dirt as quickly as without the water repellent finish. The products do not become waterproof, but it will take longer for water to penetrate the product. Re-impregnating will also make the garments more suitable for winter use. Two types of waterproofing are available for cotton:
1. Liquid water repellent finish
2. Spray water repellent finish (find it here)
Liquid water repellent finish has the advantage that it is much easier to apply than spray water repellent finish. Spray re-impregnation makes a garment water-resistant only on the outside.
Spray water repellent finish is sprayed onto the dry and "newly-washed" garment. The water repellent finish should be allowed to sink in for 15-20 minutes. Excess water repellent finish is to be wiped off with a damp cloth. Dry the garment using warmth, for example machine drying. Spray products provide good water-resistance and are quick to use, but are not so easy to apply evenly over the garment.
For liquid water repellent finish that is to be used in the washing machine, put the finish directly into the machine's detergent receptacle (be sure all remaining soap has been removed) Wash the garment in the usual way, but don't use soap or a fabric softener. Dry the garment, preferably by machine dryer. Iron the garment when it is dry. Liquid water repellent finish is simple to use. In addition to requiring only one waterproofing process. It delivers a good result both right after the re-impregnation and after three washes.


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South African Journal of Science
On-line version ISSN 1996-7489
Print version ISSN 0038-2353
S. Afr. j. sci. vol.110 n.5-6 Pretoria Mar. 2014
On taking the transformation discourse for a ride: Rejoinder to a response (Govinder et al. 2014)
Tim Dunne
Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Keywords: demographic divergence; measurement; percentages
This submission explicitly clarifies the fundamental mathematical and logical errors and conceptual inadequacies of three recent contributions by Govinder et al.1-3, published in the South African Journal of Science.
Scientific foundations
Ordination is an act of aggregating pairwise comparisons on a set of elements (objects, persons, events, phenomena) in such a way that the ordering of the elements becomes meaningful. The comparisons are made on the basis of some single composite characteristic of each element. For example, we may specify a notion of extent or size, and then impose a linear ordering on any relevant set of objects which admit comparisons with respect to that characteristic.
The ordering guarantees to the observer that each object (by our chosen criterion) is larger than every object , say to its right, but smaller than every object to its left. We rank elements or objects, but permit tied ranks. This simple device of ranking is profoundly important, and has huge advantages in every sphere of human activity.
The familiar versions of size and extent are counts and measures. These versions are, however, profoundly different in nature and in consequentiality.
For any collection of elements, we may specify a binary property which is either present or absent in each element, and count the number of times the property is present. Effectively, we assign each element a zero for absence and one for presence, and then add all the digits. Count is a form of number that is relevant in handling categorical information.
Measurements are very different from counts, and far more complex, even though we perform measurements routinely in many aspects of everyday life. Measurements address quantity, while counts address multiplicity.
All measurements are fundamentally comparisons, but of a particular kind. We construct measurements by first defining a suitable convenient unit of extent for a particular characteristic of the elements under consideration. For example, we may use grams for mass, metres for lengths and seconds for time. Alternative choices of units are available, such as tonnes, kilometres, hours.
Then we establish or construct a mechanism or device by which a comparison of the extent of an element (e.g. its mass) with the unit of extent of mass (e.g. a kilogram) can be made. This comparison is multiplicative and is represented as a fixed ratio between the two masses. The ratio is fixed in the sense that repeated applications of the mechanism on a particular element will preserve the ratio. The mechanism also has to be reliable, and often we are able to construct an instrument which is able to reproduce the ratio virtually unchanged on repeated applications to the same object or element.
The achievement of science is that such mechanisms have been discovered, and suitable devices have been invented and brought into everyday use. In these discoveries and inventions science has had to read and mimic the architecture of the physical universe and copy the choreography of its intimate laws of cause and effect.
Measuring a characteristic is the result of allowing a mechanism and a unit to operate on an element with that characteristic (inter alia), in order to obtain a value for the fixed ratio, attributable to the element. The number we obtain, coupled with an explicit reference to the unit involved in the mechanism, is the measurement. Thus we might report measurements as 2.59 kg or 4.257 metres.
The ratio is a pure number, expressed to a convenient number of decimal places. For example, a beam of wood, if correctly labelled as having a length of 2 centimetres, should be twice as long as the unit 1 centimetre. Our gauges of the beam width should register 2.0 on any centimetre ruler and 20 on any millimetre ruler, applied to the appropriate part of the beam.
The ratio can only be consistent to a degree determined by the limitations of the instrument we have constructed as the mechanism for obtaining measurements. Thus we allow rounding conventions to limit the number of decimal places to which an instrument is required to preserve the ratio. The desired number of places required is a matter of context and then convenience. The bathroom scale reporting personal body mass in kilograms to one decimal place is adequate for that purpose, but we do not use the same scale for laboratory purposes.
Derived units
We note that besides fundamental units of length, mass, time and arc, we construct derived units for properties such as rate, acceleration, density, momentum and force. Derived units are composite quantities that involve further ratio and product relationships between two or more of the fundamental quantifiable characteristics. The corresponding derived measurements are ratios and products of the observable measurements of distinct fundamental features of the elements or objects in question. A multiplicative arithmetic underlies derived units and measurements of derived variables.
Derived measurements generally involve some degree of decimal fraction. Again, context and convenience give rise to choices of number of decimal places required and of rounding conventions. The decimal place has no independent utility or power. It arises from measurement but it does not in any way constitute measurement.
This remarkable architecture is not an outcome of arithmetic. The spectacular fact is that science has discovered and explored this architecture. Science confirms that the physical universe and its multifold processes are all governed by these elegant regularities. Consequently, our simple arithmetic permits us to harness these regularities into artefacts, machines, processes and constructions that make life more predictable and more comfortable.
The power of measurement lies in the fact that, when combined with insights into the physical world, it permits us to use the laws of cause and effect to reliably predict and engineer desirable outcomes. This benefit is seductive, and it accounts for the pervasive compulsive urge to measure in the social sciences.
Social sciences
The quest for measurement in the social sciences is, however, an illusion. The uncountable variables of social science, whether latent or manifest, whether notional, constructed or real, do not admit units and ratio comparisons. They do not have meaningful zero origins. They permit pairwise orderings of objective and subjective kinds, both of which can be meaningful.
These limitations are not faults in the fabric of the social sciences. They constitute admissions of the complexity of social sciences, where regularity of any kind is necessarily encased and pierced by the confining and transcending effects of human perception and agency, by belief, hope, will, endurance, insight, creativity and ethical imperatives. This list of roots of actions and outcomes in human society is only illustrative, and not intended to be exhaustive.
Nonetheless, in the various social sciences, it is now possible to create subjective instruments that pass peer scrutiny for validity as fit for purpose, but also have some measurement-like characteristics. These instruments involve a designed set of items and associated item scoring systems, for which the total score is a sufficient summary of a proficiency or a degree of attribute.
These test scores have stochastic rather than deterministic interpretations, and are inherently relative orderings rather than absolute measurements. The interpretations have complex relationships with percentages of observations, under specifiable conditions.
In the current debate, the conditions for measurement-like interpretations are not satisfied by the demographic percentages of any population, nor by any mathematical formulae derived from any versions of Govinder et al.'s demographic divergence index (DDI) or its possible generalisations.
Percentage is a relational construct characterised by the comparison of the sizes of two objects or elements of interest. One element is declared to be the referent object. Effectively, a ratio comparison is invoked, a number with a decimal fraction is obtained, and then this number is converted to a new type of number called a percentage, through multiplication by 100. To the observer, it will appear that the decimal place in a ratio has been moved two places to the right in the string of digits, and the sign % appended. Note that the ratio is not a unit, but is just a number. Its conversion to percentage and the appending of % does not mean that there is now a unit called % in operation.
It is crucial also to note that the comparison is relative to a particular choice of referent in each context, and not to any specific absolute unit across contexts. The presence of decimal places does not warrant regarding percentage and measurement as equivalent.
Percentage notions are often invoked to describe part-whole relationships. In these cases, the whole is the referent and all the percentages of parts will be reported as between 0% and 100%. This operation may always be applied to part-whole ratio comparisons of measurements, but the result is just a number, not a measurement.
In contrast, in everyday life, percentage is most familiar in the reporting of counts relative to an overall total count. For simplicity of report and communication, a convention of using only distinct or disjoint or mutually exclusive parts of the referent whole, ensures that percentages associated with the parts sum to 100%. This convention avoids double and multiple inclusion induced by any overlapping parts of the whole.
Comparisons of percentages within a common referent context are validly and easily made. It is also admissible to define desired percentages and assess the profile of differences between sets of observed and desired percentages, part by part. The pertinence and utility of any desired percentages is matter for debate. Desired percentages of total counts do not always generate desired integer counts, but often imply desired counts with decimal fractions. The so-called chi-square statistic is recommended for assessing the goodness-of-fit between desired and observed profiles. It takes the decimal fractions and the total count into account. This divergence from perfect fit is obtained by the formula
The formula first squares the differences between observed counts (Oi) and expected counts (Ei), and divides each square by the corresponding expected count, for each of k parts. It then sums all k of those relative terms to give an overall divergence value. This divergence index is available in any first-year statistics text.
For perfect agreement between observed and expected count values, the divergence statistic will be zero. When observed and expected count values are relatively close to one another the divergence statistic value is a small positive number. However, the divergence value will be dramatically large when the observed and expected counts differ substantially. Tables exist to inform judgements about the size of the goodness-of-fit statistics.
A large value serves to signal that the observed count differs from the expected count, which may require explanation, understanding and decision-making. The subsequent enquiry should involve both the beliefs which generated the expected counts, and the adequacy with which they can be associated with the context.
It is admissible, but not necessarily relevant or important, to contrast observed counts with any set of expectations. One such set of expected values might be derived from a population profile. We may note that the chi-square statistic is a pure counting number for the objects in the population under observation.
Divergence indices
A whole family of divergence indices for pairs of k-dimensional vectors of numerical values is offered by the Lp-norms:
where p is a positive real number. This family has been widely studied in the literature. The index has clear meanings for particular values, specifically p = 0, 1, 2 or ∞.
The special case of p=2 includes the divergence index that Govinder et al. advance for percentages and proportions. This application implies the index has to operate on a specific hyperplane on which proportions sum to 1 or, equivalently, percentages sum to 100%.
However, Govinder et al. prefer, advise and fiercely defend one logically flawed special case with k=6, for four ethnic or historical race categories and two genders. They purport to be unconcerned that the percentages sum to 200%. The approach of Moultrie and Dorrington4 is marginalised as an exercise of preference for k=8, rather than acknowledged as the only correct approach for race and gender.
Incoherence of approach
To exemplify Govinder et al.'s fallacy, we may approximate a South African population into groups B, C, W and I, with corresponding percentages 76%, 10%, 10% and 4% and gender groups M and F of percentages equal at 50% and 50%. These values are chosen only for simplicity, and more exact census count percentages can be invoked with the same general outcome.
In the intended Govinder et al. policy, any university with a matching profile to the population will be declared to have attained the ideal and constitutional transformation, by virtue of zero differences on these six percentages.
In Table 1, the desired Govinder et al.'s structure is indicated by the two common row and four common column percentages in all six tables. We may demonstrate the fallacy of Govinder et al.'s approach by exhibiting that amongst its immediate outcomes and implications, there are absurdities which defeat the misnamed purpose for which their DDI is intended.
The body of the table is unspecified in Table 1a. The letters a, b and c in Table 1b indicate three areas of arbitrariness in percentages associated with Govinder et al.'s specification. Here we may have three choices satisfying inequalities 0 < a < 10, 0 < b < 10 and 0 < c < 4.
Table 1c to 1f present four possible scenarios, each of which generates a Govinder et al. DDI index value of zero, and hence the Govinder et al. transformation 'jackpot' is attained. Technically there would be an infinite number of distinct race by gender profiles for universities, all of which would be compliant with Govinder et al.'s race criterion and gender criterion for perfect transformation. Only four of these perfect profiles are presented here (Table 1c-1f).
Closer inspection will show that only Table 1f satisfies a condition of independence of race and gender in the pseudo-university population. Race and gender would be mutually uninformative characteristics for a randomly chosen member of the pseudo-university associated with Table 1f. We may note that this possibly attractive inference about internal composition of pseudo-university profile is distinct from notions that the eight percentages in the body of the table mirror underlying South African population percentage realities for race and gender composition.
We now venture to construe the body of any table solely to university selection procedures based on race and gender alone, as per the parody of selection bias offered or imputed by Govinder et al. Then to which of the four universities would a black woman believe her chance of selection would be best, and where would she presume her selection is least likely? Clearly her first inferences would be for 1c as her highest and 1e as her least chance.
Ironically, a white man will interpret and make the same first qualitative inference for his own chances. Neither of these two selection candidates will perceive these four pseudo-universities as equivalent in their equity characteristics. If they have to choose only one university, they might apply to 1c.
In these apparently rational choices there are hidden assumptions: all other things being equal. We may render explicit several pieces of unknown information which have the potential to affect their decisions radically.
Such emerging facts include the size of the universities, the race and gender composition of the applicant cohorts at each university and the rationale offered for the varied forms of glaring inequity apparent despite Govinder et al.'s DDI perfect zero values. Knowing that the university in 1e was 10 times larger than its counterpart in 1c might lead both the applicants to reverse their preferences and prefer 1e over 1c, to maximise the probability of success in selection.
Likewise, information about the underlying composition of the applicant groups from which the pseudo-university admission processes selected to yield these profiles, will affect the interpretation of the two persons exploring their options from the various perfect equity universities of Govinder et al.
The question is simple: will any of these scenarios of perfect Govinder et al. compliance stand up to any rational tests of desirability under the Constitution to which Govinder et al. have made appeal. Universities have many simultaneous obligations and purposes for service to society which require many specificities beyond only race and gender.
The sense in which the Govinder et al. index decomposes into subspace indices of any kind, as claimed in the extract below, is simply mathematically false. Deeming race or gender as spaces or subspaces violates mathematical convention. It is therefore also erroneous to claim that (squared) distances are additive across subspaces.
The advantage of our approach is that one can actually determine a race EI (using data points with only four (race) components), EIr a gender EI (using data points with only two (gender) components), EIg, and an overall EI which is a combination of these two previous EIs via EI = sqrt(EIr2 + EIg2). It was this aggregate combination possibility that led us to use n = 6. Importantly, the EIr and EIg both form subspaces of the EI space using this approach. For n = 8, we do not have this mathematical structure - one cannot find EIrand EIg directly in that space.3
The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act No. 108 of 1996, as amended up to 2003, has a Bill of Rights at Chapter 2, sections 7 through 37. This set of rights sets out at section 9(3) obligations of the state to ensure no unfair discrimination, directly or indirectly against any person on the basis of any one or more grounds including race, gender, sex, pregnancy, marital status, ethnic or social origin, colour, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, conscience, belief, culture, language and birth. A caveat of fair discrimination is provided at section 9(5).
Govinder et al. offer no rationalisation for the suppression of all but two of the outlawed grounds of discrimination in their index.
Their insistence on the entire South African population of all ages takes no account of the narrower age ranges associated with university student attendance and university staff employment.
Moreover Govinder et al. do not allow other relevant criteria for plausibly fair discrimination, such as an appropriate National Senior Certificate outcome, any entry or placement requirements for students, and qualifications or experience for employees.
The adamant position of Govinder et al. is that they have measured inequity, and, on these grounds, have advocated a misnamed DDI as the basis for teaching the universities a lesson or two in policy compliance and budget implications.
Ironically, the word 'equity' appears only twice in the Constitution (section 29.2(a) in respect of basic education and section 29.3(e) in respect of powers of municipalities). The word 'transformation' does not appear, although progressive realisation is addressed. Nowhere does the Constitution invoke the population profile or demographics as criteria or artefacts of its law. This note does not imply that the Constitution abjures use of these terms.
The Constitution and its Bill of Rights are certainly admissible as warrants for imperatives within South African society. It is important to note that the Constitution demands much more than redress of past injustice and deprivation. It advocates a journey to a just society, and progressive realisation as one mode of the journey.
The Constitution does much more than advocate and require transformation. It is as much or even more concerned with the delivery of fundamental rights and efficient delivery of service within the public sector. Included in these imperatives is the preservation of existence and function of institutions for the public good, and their responsibility to keep engaging with transformation.
The Constitution permits error, but it does not require error in the apparent pursuit of its imperatives. The Constitution is fairly understood as requiring our best intentions as citizens in the service of the common agenda that it represents. In requiring good intentions, the Constitution does not advocate good intentions as a sufficient condition for suspending debate on matters of error.
The Constitution demands that we address inequality. It does not require us to presume we can measure inequality. Inequity is explored by making comparisons and answering probing and difficult questions.
It is an ethically fragile and morally dubious strategy to invoke a misguided claim of measurement as the final criterion of debate and decision-making.
Govinder et al. argue that their index has been unfairly misinterpreted by Dunne5 and debated out of the context into which their DDI was proposed as salient. The second claim is partly true, in a very weak sense.
The context they selected for its justification is such a narrow playing field that their index is virtually context free. Their approach advocates and requires race and perhaps gender as the only determinants of various university outcomes. Simultaneously, in contrast, the context selected by Govinder et al. for the application of their index is an entire gamut of social justice objectives of transformation, universally.
In particular, Govinder et al.'s DDI is proposed for policy monitoring and steering of universities towards claimed public imperatives. For this reason its logical and mathematical structure, its hidden assumptions, its claimed purpose and its fitness for purpose are all the proper focus of scientific enquiry and debate. Effectively, the various critiques have located Govinder et al.'s index in precisely the context to which its inventors seek to have it applied, and exhibited that it is hopelessly flawed.
1. Govinder KS, Makgoba MW. An Equity Index for South Africa. S Afr J Sci. 2013;109(5/6), Art. #a0020, 2 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/a0020 [ Links ]
2. Govinder KS, Zondo NP Makgoba MW. A new look at demographic transformation for universities in South Africa. S Afr J Sci. 2013;109(11/12), Art. #2013-0163, 11 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/20130163 [ Links ]
3. Govinder KS, Zondo NP, Makgoba MW. Taking the transformation discourse forward: A response to Cloete, Dunne and Moultrie and Dorrington. S Afr J Sci. 2014;110(3/4), Art. #a0060, 8 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2014/a0060 [ Links ]
4. Moultrie TA, Dorrington RE. Flaws in the approach and application of the Equity Index: Comments on Govinder et al. (2013). S Afr J Sci. 2014;110(1/2), Art. #a0049, 5 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2014/a0049 [ Links ]
5. Dunne T. Mathematical errors, smoke and mirrors in pursuit of an illusion: Comments on Govinder et al. (2013). S Afr J Sci. 2014;110(1/2), Art. #a0047, 6 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2014/a0047 [ Links ]
Tim Dunne
Department of Statistical Sciences, PD Hahn Building, Upper Campus
University of Cape Town
Rhodes Gift 7707, South Africa


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