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AU Biomaterials Design Lab:Reading/CHEM571Fall2012LitSurvey
Home Lab Members Materials Protocols Equipment Reading Highlighted Data Contact Calendar Presentations
- 1 Adenosine Deaminase
- 2 Bovine Serum Albumin
- 3 Lysozyme
- 4 Stability
- 5 Horseradish Peroxidase
- 6 Protein/Peptide Nanoparticle Synthesis
- 7 Other Syntheses of Gold Nanoparticles
- 8 Analysis of Gold Nanoparticles
- 9 Protein Aggregation (of Proteins with Nanoparticles)
Adenosine Deaminase
see dropbox for ADA mutation primer information. --AEM
Structure, Function (General Info)
N-linked glycosylation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26): effects on enzyme activity, homodimer formation, and adenosine deaminase binding
- Article talked about the adenosine deaminase binding protein, known as type II transmembrane serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV, and studies on DPPIV binding. It was revealed that the N-linked glycosylation on Asn residues in DPPIV interacts with adenosine deaminase. The N-linked glycosylation contribute to binding with the ADA protein but does not contribute to peptidase activity of DPPIV. This article is helpful in terms of understanding how adenosine deaminase binds with other proteins for further stimulation.
- Keyun Wang 16:59, 24 September 2012 (EDT):
Structural basis for the growth factor activity of human adenosine deaminase ADA2
- Aertgerrts et al. investigated the structure of human adenosine deaminase ADA2 through protein models and enzymatic kinetics with wild and mutated protein. Crystalized structures were used for model accuracy. ADA2 revealed to be more complex than ADA1 with only a monomeric single domain. Figures in paper showed structures of human adenosine deaminase and could be used for reference in determining how ADA minds with gold nanoparticles.
- Keyun Wang 18:03, 24 September 2012 (EDT):
Autoimmune dysregulation and purine metabolism in adenosine deaminase deficiency
- Sauer et al. provided an overview of Adenosine deaminase cause for severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) and patterns before and after treatments in patients. Immune dysregulation are related to alterations in purine metabolism that is caused by the lack of ADA. Article help explain the importance of adenosine deaminase in cellular signaling and highlighted descreased immune functions when adenosine deaminase is lacking.
- Keyun Wang 18:23, 24 September 2012 (EDT):
Atomic Structure of Adenosine Deaminase Complexed with a Transition-State Analog: Understanding Catalysis and Immunodeficiency Mutations
- ADA was complexed with a transition state analog, which has the effect of inhibiting the enzyme. The structure of the complex was determined with C13 NMR and a previously undiscovered Zinc cofactor was found in the transition state analog. A partial mechanism for the catalysis was proposed.
- Michael F. Nagle 21:15, 10 October 2012 (EDT):
Efficient, Low-Cost Protein Factories: Expression of Human Adenosine Deaminase in Baculovirus-Infected Insect Larvae
- A coding sequence for ADA was recombined into a baculovirus, which was used to infect insect larvae. After 4 days, the ADA was extracted and purified. 8-9mg of homogenous ADA was obtained from 22 larvae. This may be a more efficient method for making ADA than expressing it in E Coli.
- Michael F. Nagle 21:32, 10 October 2012 (EDT):
Activity Assays
Development of a rapid, microplate-based kinetic assay for measuring adenosine deaminase activity in bodily fluids
- The conversion of adenosine to inosine by adenosine deaminase was spectroscopically analyzed at 265 nm for a period of 15 minutes. The number of assays that could be conducted at one time was increased by carrying out analysis in 96-well microplates. This assay also varies from the standard procedure in that the reaction time was decreased from 60 minutes.
- Melissa Novy 20:19, 21 September 2012 (EDT):
A new strategy based on aptasensor to time-resolved fluorescence assay for adenosine deaminase activity
- Aptamer-based sensor is reported in this article for time-resolved fluorescence assay of adenosine deaminase. The aptasensor works by binding to DNA strands which interacts with adenosine deaminase, receiving a strong signal. This could be potential jumpoff point to design experiments for fluorscence assay for adenosine deaminase activity.
- Keyun Wang 16:51, 24 September 2012 (EDT):
[Graphene oxide based fluorescent aptasensor for adenosine deaminase detection using adenosine as the substrate|http://ovidsp.uk.ovid.com.proxyau.wrlc.org/sp-3.6.0b/ovidweb.cgi?&S=NALGPDKHHPHFDHIAFNPKGFOFFCKIAA00&Complete+Reference=S.sh.37%7C5%7C1]
- An adenosine specific aptamer was labelled with dye. Once ADA was introduced, the flourescence faded and ADA's activity could be measured by observing this.
- Michael F. Nagle 21:32, 27 October 2012 (EDT):
Bovine Serum Albumin
Structure, Function (General Info)
Locating the Binding Sites of Pb(II) Ion with Human and Bovine Serum Albumins
- Ahmed et al. located binding sites of lead, Pb(II) with human serum and bovine serum albumins(BSA) at physiological conditions. Through the use of UV-visible, fluorescence, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopics, Pb binding sites were found and analyzed. Pb bound is 0.7 per HSA and BSA complex. Article provide protocol in measure concentration of bound BSA under UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopic, which could be used for reference.
- Keyun Wang 18:28, 24 September 2012 (EDT):
Locations of the Three Primary Binding Sites for Long-Chain Fatty Acids on Bovine Serum Albumin
- C13-enriched oleic acid was bound to BSA so that the locations of binding sites could be identified by C13NMR. In addition to being bound to BSA, the modified oleic acid was bound to three fragments that make the entirety of BSA. When mixed in equimolar quantities, these fragments produced the same spectra as BSA.
- Michael F. Nagle 23:09, 8 October 2012 (EDT):
Interaction with other noble metals
Quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of bovine serum albumin by chlorpromazine and hemin
- Silva et al. studied the binding of chlorpromazine and hemin to bSA via the use of fluorescence quenching technique. A range from 300 to 450nm has shown to be the emission spectra for each quencher addition to BSA. Primary binding site for hemin to BSA was found in this article between the two tryptophan residue in BSA protein. This could help in understanding how BSA binds to other molecules and help in understanding the structure of BSA itself.
- Keyun Wang 18:44, 24 September 2012 (EDT):
Studies on interaction of colloidal Ag nanoparticles with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)
- Tests the biofunctionalization of silver nano-particles and as a result investigates the interaction between AgNPs and BSA at different concentrations as observed by a UV-Vis.
- Discovered that AgNPs coated in BSA were observed under UV-Vis to be quite different than the uncoated particles. The BSA adsorption on the surface prevented the Ag nanoparticles from aggregating in solutions of pH greater than 5 which may prevent the uptake of the NPs in live cells.
- ""Puja Mody 21:08, 22 September 2012 (EDT)""
Radiation synthesis and characterization of protein stabilized gold nanoparticles
- A. Akhavan, H.R. Kalhor, M.Z. Kassaee, N. Sheikh, M. Hassanlou, Chemical Engineering Journal 2010.
- Au/BSA produced via γ-irradiation
- It is interesting because many of the steps in the procedure is similar to our experiment, however instead of letting the reaction occur in an oven for 4 hours, the HAuCl4, BSA, and phosphate solution buffer were stirred at room temperature and then purged with N2 and irradiated for various times. After the irradiation and stirring, the samples were centrifuged and run under UV-vis.
--Dhea Patel 23:07, 25 September 2012 (EDT)
Synthesis and characterization of bovine serum albumin-conjugated copper sulfide nanocomposites
- Copper sulfide nanoparticles were synthesised using BSA and analyzed with UV/Vis. Thioacetamide (TAA) was needed to catalyze the formation of colloids, because if alone, BSA and CuS will form a complex. A catalyst is required to seperate them and unfold the BSA so it can wrap around the CuS, forming colloids.
--Michael F. Nagle 23:32, 8 October 2012 (EDT)
Structure, Function (General Info)
- information about lysozyme -- "Lysozyme is a globular protein with a molecular weight of approximately 14.7 kDa. Lysozyme has been used as a model protein for this study, since its biophysical properties are well understood and the specific contribution of the sugar to its stability over a range of solution conditions can easily be compared with that of the native protein. Lysozyme is a widely studied protein due to its rich phase behavior(17, 18) including crystallization,(19) liquid–liquid phase separation,(20-22) and the formation of equilibrium clusters(23-25) and gels.(24) The solution behavior of lysozyme is also well understood in terms of its interaction with salt ions.(26-28)" from James and McManus J. Phys. Chem. B, 2012, 116 (34), pp 10182–10188
Modular structural units, exons, and function in chicken lysozyme
- Lysozyme consists of five units, called M1 through M5, which are linked to each other with disulfide bonds. The average size of the modules is 25.8 residues and lysozyme consists of 129 residues in total. Two catalytic sites are located on the M2 module at glutamic acid-35 and aspartic acid-52. Indeed, the M2 and M3 modules are most essential to the catalytic activity of lysozyme.
- Melissa Novy 22:08, 28 October 2012 (EDT)
Genetic evidence that antibacterial activity of lysozyme is independent of its catalytic function
- Lysozyme was mutated such that the aspartic acid residue at position 52 was substituted with serine. Analysis with Western blot, circular dichroism, and fluorescence determined that while the structure of the mutated lysozyme was not altered, its catalytic activity was nonexistent. However, the mutated lysozyme retained its antimicrobial effect against Gram-positive bacteria, indicating that this property depends on its structure, rather than its catalytic activity.
- Melissa Novy 22:08, 28 October 2012 (EDT)
Structural and genetic analysis of the folding and function of T4 lysozyme
- Using mutagenesis, long segments of amino acid residues in lysozyme were replaced with alanine residues. The study found that less than half of all residues in lysozyme are necessary to determine its native tertiary structure. Other mutations to internal residues in lysozyme formed nonpolar cavities in which small ligands could bind and restabilize the protein.
- Melissa Novy 20:48, 29 October 2012 (EDT)
Thermostability of doubly glycosylated recombinant lysozyme
- Lysozyme was glycosylated at either one or both of two residues, Asn39 and Asn59, and the proteins' stability was analyzed. Glycosylation at only Asn39, a residue that is far from the active sites of lysozyme, did not affect the function of lysozyme, but increased its stability. In contrast, lysozyme that was glycosylated at only Asn59 showed significantly decreased catalytic activity, likely because Asn59 interacts with residues that form an active site.
- Melissa Novy 20:48, 29 October 2012 (EDT)
Activity Assays
Resolution and characterization of tryptophyl fluorescence of hen egg-white lysozyme by quenching- and time-resolved spectroscopy
- Changes in the structural conformation of lysozyme were analyzed with fluorescence spectroscopy. Lysozyme contains four tryptophan residues: Trp62 and Trp108 form part of the active site, while Trp28 is involved with binding of substrate, and Trp111 contributes to the stability of lysozyme. The study was able to differentiate the fluorescence of each tryptophan residue by resolving the fluorescence quenching of each residue. As the fluorescence of tryptophan is affected by its surroundings, the study showed that even small conformational changes in lysozyme could be detected with this new method of fluorescence quenching and resolving.
- Melissa Novy 20:59, 29 October 2012 (EDT)
Synthesis of AuNPs
and cellular uptake of lysozyme‐stabilized gold nanoparticles] Lysozyme was effective in synthesizing AuNPs when exposed to microwave irradiation. The lysozyme-stabilized nanoparticles were found not to be cytotoxic.
- Michael F. Nagle 21:52, 28 October 2012 (EDT):
protein-directed growth of gold nanoparticles within a single crystal of lysozyme
- By using a single lysozyme crystal, AuNPs were grown slowly enough for a detailed kinetic analysis.
- Michael F. Nagle 21:52, 28 October 2012 (EDT):
of lysozyme on the surfaces of gold nanoparticles
- The study looked at how Lysozyme wraps around AuNPs and found that due to static repulsion, the particles bind to gold while staying as far away as possible from eachother. Lysozyme continues to bind until there's not enough space for one more to fit.
- Michael F. Nagle 21:52, 28 October 2012 (EDT):
Thermal and Solution Stability of Lysozyme in the Presence of Sucrose, Glucose, and Trehalose
- James and McManus J. Phys. Chem. B, 2012, 116 (34), pp 10182–10188
- xxxx
- Abigail E. Miller 12:53, 5 September 2012 (EDT):
Identification and characterization of a highly thermostable bacteriophage lysozyme
- Article looked at domains of lysozyme and determined the optimal enzymatic conditions for activity for highly thermostable lysoenzyme. The thermostability can be applied for maximum reactivity when conducting assays on lysozyme. Furthermore, Enzymatic activity were quantified through the use of mass spectroscopy. Protocal could be considered for replication.
- Keyun Wang 16:39, 25 September 2012 (EDT)
Surfactant-induced refolding of lysozyme
- A novel technique of unfolding and then refolding lysozyme was investigated and analyzed using spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and activity assay for lysozyme. The lysozyme was first precipitated out of solution by adding a negatively-charged surfactants, then dissolved by adding a positively-charged surfactant. Upon its dissolution, lysozyme was observed to spontaneously refold to its native state.
- The anionic/cationic surfactant pairs studied all produced similar results in that the amount of lysozyme that refolded was observed to be the same in each surfactant pair.
- Melissa Novy 22:15, 24 September 2012 (EDT)
Horseradish Peroxidase
Structure, Function (General Info)
The effect of chemical modification with pyromellitic anhydride on structure, function, and thermal stability of horseradish peroxidase.
- Lysine modification in horseradish peroxidase decreases stability of the protein when the protein is unfolded. Under 60°C, the structure of horseradish peroxidase becomes less compact. This brings insights to performing the reaction between gold nanoparticles with the enzyme under the ideal temperatures.
- Keyun Wang 14:20, 25 September 2012 (EDT):
A novel approach to construct a horseradish peroxidase hydrophilic ionic liquids Au nanoparticles dotted titanate nanotubes biosensor for amperometric sensing of hydrogen peroxide.
- Horseperoxidase catalyze the reduction of H2O2. Biosensor was developed to measure the concentration of horseradish peroxidase in aqueous solution as gelation reagent to immobolize nanocomposite onto electrode surface. Furthermore, UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of HRP among other enzymes were made. This data could be used for reference during HRP assay tests.
- Keyun Wang 15:27, 25 September 2012 (EDT):
Activity Assays
Low concentration of silver nanoparticles not only enhances the activity of horseradish peroxidase but alter the structure also
- Ranges for silver nanoparticles were determined for HRP activity. The results could be used to predict the range of gold nanoparticles through the use of horseradish peroxidase.
- Low concentration of silver and gold nanoparticles increases the activity of horseradish peroxidase and also altering the structure of silver or gold nanoparticles.
- Keyun Wang 14:12, 25 September 2012 (EDT):
Luminol-based enhanced chemiluminescence assay for quantification of peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions: Effect of reagent pH and ionic strength
- The horseradish peroxidase assay using luminol and enhanced by p-iodophenol was optimized for determining the presence and concentration of H2O2 in solution. The intensity of the chemiluminescence was found to be optimal at pH 8.5. The study outlines a protocol that is less vague than others and also includes calibration curves.
- Melissa Novy 15:18, 25 September 2012 (EDT)
Protein/Peptide Nanoparticle Synthesis
Bovine Serum Albumin
Investigation and modeling effective parameters influencing the size of BSA protein nanoparticles as colloidal carrier
- Mathematical models were used to determine the effects of reaction conditions, including pH, concentration, temperature, and solvent addition rate, on the formation of BSA nanoparticles. The BSA NPs were synthesized by coacervation, then crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The study indicated that glutaraldehyde did not have an effect on the size of the NPs, stabilized the BSA NPs, and decreased swelling in water.
- Melissa Novy 13:57, 25 September 2012 (EDT)
Highly stable, protein capped gold nanoparticles as effective drug delivery vehicles for amino-glycosidic antibiotics
- Lori Rastogi, Aruna Jyothi Kora, Arunachalam J., Materials Science and Engineering C [Elsevier] (2012)
- Contains UV-vis absorption spectra of Au/BSA loaded with various antibotics.
- AuNPs produced in this paper were stable against pH changes and high salt concentrations and had good antibacterial activity (more than pure antibiotics).
--Dhea Patel 15:39, 25 September 2012 (EDT)
Adsorption and Conformation of Serum Albumin Protein on Gold Nanoparticles Investigated Using Dimensional Measurements and in Situ Spectroscopic Methods
- BSA/Au conjugates were examined with Dynamic light scattering (DLS), asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation (AFFF), fluorescence spectrometry, and attenuated total reflectance−Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to determine their structure. They found that the interaction causes a conformational change in the BSA, which results in less alpha-helizes and more b-sheets and random coils.
- Michael F. Nagle 23:43, 28 October 2012 (EDT):
Chitosan Reduced Gold Nanoparticles as Novel Carriers for Transmucosal Delivery of Insulin
- Devika R. Bhumkar, Hrushikesh M. Joshi, Murali Sastry, and Varsha B. Pokharkar, Pharmaceutical Research, 2007
- Uses Biodegradable polymer, chitosan
- requires high concentrations of chitosan
- long term NP stability (~6 months)
- Effective for Insulin Delivery
--Dhea Patel 22:00, 24 September 2012 (EDT)
Formation of silk fibroin nanoparticles in water-miscible organic solvent and their characterization
- Silk fibroin nanoparticles were synthesized by first dissolving silk fibers in CaCl2, then adding water-miscible organic solvents. Analysis of the NPs indicated that they were insoluble in water and that their morphology depended on the types of organic solvents used. The study indicated that acetone produced NPs with the most globular shape.
- Melissa Novy 14:08, 25 September 2012 (EDT)
Bio-functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Surface-Plasmon- Absorption-Based Protein Detection
- Wan-Joong Kim, Soo-Hee Choi, Young S. Rho, and Dong Jin Yoo, Bull, Korean Chem. Soc. 2011
- Bio-functionalized AuNps specifically interact with protein biotin-streptavidin
- Based on UV-vis data, addition of streptavidin to AuNP + biotin-linked thiol shifts the peak towards blue (from 526nm to 550nm) and the absorbance peak reduces.
--Dhea Patel 21:30, 25 September 2012 (EDT)
Interfacing biology with nanoparticles
- Saikat Mandal, Sumant Phadtare, Murali Sastry, Current Applied Physics 5 [Elsevier], 2005
- contains UV-vis of lysine-capped Au at various stages of NP preparation
- contain UV-vis of lysine-capped AuNP at pH 3, 7, and 10 (and explains the results in terms of ionic strength).
- also, on page 123, it has an illustration of the assembly of AuNP to better visualize the big picture of our experiment.
--Dhea Patel 21:47, 25 September 2012 (EDT)
[http://iopscience.iop.org/0957-4484/23/41/415705/pdf/0957-4484_23_41_415705.pdf%7CControlling the morphology of gold nanoparticles synthesized photochemically in a polymer matrix through photonic parameters]
- AuBr3 was used as a source of gold, which reacted with co-monomers UMA-Q and UDMA-1 and Irgacure 819, which initiates polymerization when exposed to light. By varying light, AuNPs were made in several different shapes including triangles and cubes. No reducing agent was used.
- Michael F. Nagle 17:42, 27 October 2012 (EDT):
Biomineralization of Gold Nanoparticles by Lysozyme and Cytochrome c and Their Applications in Protein Film Formation
- Lysozyme and Cytochrome C were reacted with HAuCl4 to made AuNPs
- Waiting for library to get access to full article
- Michael F. Nagle 23:43, 28 October 2012 (EDT):
Characterization, and Self-Assembly of Protein Lysozyme Monolayer-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles
- Lysozyme and NaBH4 were reacted with HAuCl4, yielding AuNPs surrounded by monolayers of lysozyme.
- Michael F. Nagle 23:43, 28 October 2012 (EDT):
Encapsidation of Gold Nanoparticles by a Viral Protein Shell Red clover necrotic mosaic virus was used to make AuNPs. This was effective because the virus capsids have a high degree of selectivity for packaging nucleic acids during assembly. This same specificity has the potential to package many foreign materials, including gold.
- Michael F. Nagle 23:43, 28 October 2012 (EDT):
Protein Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles via a Simple Photochemical Process
- Irgacure-2959 is used as a photoinitiator and irradiated with UV light. This eliminates the need for heating and denaturing the BSA.
- Michael F. Nagle 23:43, 28 October 2012 (EDT):
Other Syntheses of Gold Nanoparticles
Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles Using Tea: A Green Chemistry Experiment
- R. K. Sharma, Shikha Gulati, and Shilpa Mehta, Journal of Chemical Education Article ASAP
- how to synthesis AuNPs using biomaterials that are not mammalian proteins
- Abigail E. Miller 21:11, 28 August 2012 (EDT):
New, fast and green procedure for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles based on sonocatalysis
- AuNPs are synthesized using sonic vibration, with sodium citrate dihydrate as a stabilizing and reducing agent. Compared to previous protocols, this method takes an extremely short amount of time to prepare AuNPs and does not require the solutions to be heated.
- Melissa Novy 14:07, 5 September 2012 (EDT)
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles with Zingiber officinale extract: Characterization and blood compatibility
- Extract from Zingiber officinale, a type of ginger, is used as a stabilizing and reducing agent to synthesize AuNPs. According to the literature, ginger extract is more efficient than aspirin in decreasing blood platelet aggregation, so this method of AuNP synthesis is promising for use in medical treatments.
- Melissa Novy 14:15, 5 September 2012 (EDT)
Biological synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using apiin as reducing agent
- Apiin, a compound found in parsley, celery, and henna, is used as a stabilizing and reducing agent to synthesize AuNPs. The interaction between apiin and AuNPs was analyzed using FT-IR.
- Melissa Novy 14:19, 5 September 2012 (EDT)
- Ossi Horovitz, Aurora Mocanu, Gheorghe Tomoaia, Maria Crisan, Liviu-Dorel Bobos, Casaba Racz and Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel, Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Chemia, Lii, 3, 2007
- AuNP capped with citrate anions
- Discusses which amino acids interact with AuNPs and which have poor interactions with AuNPs.
--Dhea Patel 21:54, 24 September 2012 (EDT)
An Effective Strategy for the Synthesis of Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles Using Cinnamon Phytochemicals for Phantom CT Imaging and Photoacoustic Detection of Cancerous Cells
- Explored the possibility of coating Gold nano-particles in cinnamon to aid in cancer detection procedures. The alcoholic components of cinnamon reduce NaAuCl4 to produce gold- nanoparticles. the Cin-AuNPs are biocompatible and can serve as excellent CT/ photoacoustic contrast-enhancement agents to detect tumors.
- ""Puja Mody 20:48, 22 September 2012 (EDT)""
Non-cross-linking gold nanoparticle aggregation as a detection method for single-base substitutions
- DNA-modified gold nanoparticles were used to detect single-base subsitutions in DNA by colorimetry/spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were stabilized with single-stranded DNA molecules. AuNPs aggregate by crosslinking with DNA molecules but also without crosslinking (NCL). The NCL aggregations were able to detect single-base mutations at very low concentrations.
- Melissa Novy 15:32, 25 September 2012 (EDT)
Functionalization of gold nanoparticles with amino acid, β-amyloid peptides and fragment
- A. Majzik, L. Fülöp, E. Csapó, F. Bogár, T. Martinek, B. Penke, G. Bíró, I. Dékány, Colloids and Sufraces B: Biointerfaces [Elsevier], 2010
- AuNPs functionalized by cysteine, β-amyloid peptides, and pentapeptide fragment.
- No aggregation was observed in the samples containing β-amyloid peptides; however, aggregation was observed in the samples containing cysteine.
--Dhea Patel 21:38, 25 September 2012 (EDT)
Lysine Mediated Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles
- Ossi Horovitz, Aurora Mocanu, Gheorghe Tomoaia, Maria Crisan, Liviu-Dorel Bobos, Casaba Racz and Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel, Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Chemia, Lii, 1, 2007
- reduced in a citrate aqueous solution
- UV absorption band at 528nm
- TEM: Au size ~14nm
- At high Au/Lys Ratios, a second peak emerged at ~630nm, shifting from a red solution to a blue solution.
--Dhea Patel 22:57, 25 September 2012 (EDT)
Self-assembly characteristics of gold nanoparticles in the presence of cysteine
- Aurora Mocanu, Ileana Cernica, Gheorghe Tomoaia, Liviu-Dorel Bobos, Ossi Horovitz, Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2009
- reducing agent: sodium citrate
- discusses the differences in average Au size
- slight UV-vis shift (from 528nm to 522nm) observed with decrease in Au size
- might help us understand discrepancies in absorbance peaks.
| Thermally-Induced Formation of Atomic Au Clusters and Conversion into Nanocubes
- AuNPs were prepared with didodecyldimethylammonian bromide and NaBH4 and then refluxed at 3000C. After about 50 minutes, the peak at 525nm is replaced by one at 305nm, indicating smaller nanoparticles in solution. The longer they are heated, the smaller they become. The UV/Vis peaks eventually dissapear altogether once only ultrasmall particles remain.
- Michael F. Nagle 20:59, 27 October 2012 (EDT):
| Template Fabrication of Protein-Functionalized Gold−Polypyrrole−Gold Segmented Nanowires Nanowires were made with gold and polypyrrole. Aluminum oxide was used as a template and ideal conditions for nanowire formation were found to be a phosphate buffer at pH 9.
- Michael F. Nagle 22:01, 27 October 2012 (EDT):
[http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl203368v?prevSearch=%255BTitle%253A%2Bgold%2Bprotein%255D&searchHistoryKey=%7C Solution Phase Gold Nanorings on a Viral Protein Template] AuNP rings were synthesised with protein disks from Tobacco Mosaic Virus as a scaffold. The nanorings could be produced both with and without central nanoparticles.
- Michael F. Nagle 22:13, 27 October 2012 (EDT):
| Gold nanoparticles formation via gold(III) chloride complex ions reduction with glucose in the batch and in the flow microreactor systems
- AuNPs were made from HAuCl4 with glucose as a reducing agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer.
- Michael F. Nagle 22:30, 27 October 2012 (EDT):
- Increasing the concentration of sodium citrate decreased the amount of gold in solution and increased particle size.
- When sodium triphosphate was added as a solid to HAuCl4 solution rather than a solution of sodium triphosphate, there was less gold in solution and smaller NP size.
- The article mentions nanoparticles can also be made from: ascorbate, white phosphorus in diethyl ether, formaldehyde solution and sodium borohydride.
Analysis of Gold Nanoparticles
Determination of Size and Concentration of Gold Nanoparticles from UV−Vis Spectra
- W. Haiss, N. T. K. Thanh, J. Aveyard and D. G. Fernig Analytical Chemistry 2007 79 (11), 4215-4221
- demonstrates how to calculate the size and concentration of the AuNPs from the position of the gold nanoparticle plasmon absorbance peak around 550 nm.
- Abigail E. Miller 13:54, 4 September 2012 (EDT):
Determination of the Concentration and the Average Number of Gold Atoms in a Gold Nanoparticle by Osmotic Pressure
- Y. Lu, L. Wang, D. Chen, and G. Wang Langmuir 2012 28 (25), 9282-9287
- xx
- Abigail E. Miller 13:55, 5 September 2012 (EDT):
Fluorescence Dynamics in BSA-Protected Au25 Nanoclusters
- Xiaoming Wen, Pyng Yu, Yon-Rui Toh, An-Chia Hsu, Yu-Chieh Lee, and Jau Tang The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2012 116 (35), 19032-19038
- fast energy transfer between the singlet and triplet states of a gold cluster.....
- Abigail E. Miller 15:20, 11 September 2012 (EDT):
[http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0021979712006480/1-s2.0-S0021979712006480-main.pdf?_tid=b569df84-051b-11e2-ae62-00000aab0f01&acdnat=1348362914_63c7484b0014b928f582a79a1e760458 Preparation of controlled gold nanoparticle aggregates using a dendronization strategy]
- Julieta I. Paez, Eduardo A. Coronado,Miriam C. Strumia
- A Dendronization strategy was used to control the interparticle spacing and optical properties of gold nanoparticle aggregates in aqueous solution. Tests how disulfide concentration, temperature, time and nature of the ligand (dendritic vs nondendritic), determine the control exerted over the size and stability of the NP aggregates.
- ""Puja Mody 20:48, 22 September 2012 (EDT)""
Photoluminescence from water-soluble BSA-protected gold nanoparticles
- Li Liu, Hu-Zhi Zheng, , Zhu-Jun Zhang, Yu-Ming Huang, Su-Ming Chen, Yu-Fei Hu
- Observed the photoluminescence of water-soluble gold nano-particles which were wrapped in BSA protective layer. Alternative to organic fluorophores or semiconductor nanoparticles for biological labeling and imaging.
- The size effects and contributions from surface characteristics of small nano particles.
- ""Puja Mody 20:48, 22 September 2012 (EDT)""
Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Studies on the Binding of Amino Acids to Gold Nanoparticles [1]
- Hrushikesh Joshi, Pravin S. Shirude, Vipul Bansal, K. N. Ganesh, and Murali Sastry, J. Phys. Chem, 2004
- Contains a gel electrophroesis of differently charge AuNP.
- Au-Lys pH7, Au-Lus pH 11, and borohydride-reduced AuNP
- partially capped Au-Asp and fully capped Au-Asp
- helps determine which combination is most negatively charged or positively charged.
- Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measures the heats of interaction of reactants and therefore can determine strengths of bonds between the reactants and help deduce how the reactants are bonded together.
--Dhea Patel 22:16, 25 September 2012 (EDT)
Protein Aggregation (of Proteins with Nanoparticles)
Buffer and Ionic Strength Effects
The effect of pH on amino acids binding to gold nanoparticles [2]
- Mihailescu, Olenic, Pruneanu, Bratu, Kacso, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 2007.
- Na3AU(SO3)2 was reduced with sodium citrate.
- pH affects the relationship between amino acids and AuNPs.
- low pH of amino acid solution is a good condidtion for negatively charged AuNP because the COO- and NH2 groups become protonated and the AuNP can then bind to these functional groups.
--Dhea Patel 18:09, 24 September 2012 (EDT)
Aggregation Stability
Gold nanoparticles can induce the formation of protein-based aggregates at physiological pH
- The study discovered that gold nanoparticles cause BSA proteins to become partially unfolded at the nanoparticle-protein interface. Aggregation of proteins is catalyzed by these misfolded BSA proteins.
- Melissa Novy 14:28, 25 September 2012 (EDT)


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Cloud storage services startup Inktank today announced that Mark Shuttleworth, the entrepeneur behind Ubuntu Linux and the first African in space, has invested a million dollars in the company. Inktank provides support and services to enterprises who want to deploy the Ceph open source distributed file system, which is designed to run spread out across multiple servers—like the arms of a cephalopod.
For companies looking to establish data warehouses or get into the business of large-scale data analytics, part of the barrier to entry is getting a storage system which can grow massive while remaining responsive at scale. It's relatively easy to store a terabyte or two of data on a single hard disk drive, but it's much more complex to store dozens or hundreds (or even thousands) of terabytes distributed between many different servers, with each server understanding its place in the whole, and with the entire cluster behaving as a unified file system. There are several large open source distributed file systems which fit the bill, including the popular GlusterFS, but Ceph is notable for already being integrated into Ubuntu 12.04 LTS as well as for its use in OpenStack, the service behind Ubuntu's private cloud offering.
Shuttleworth's investment in Inktank, whose services help companies set up their own Ceph-based storage clouds, is a strong vote of confidence by a notable industry mogul. "The distinctive architecture of Ceph gives it natural advantages over both proprietary and open source competitors," said Shuttleworth in Inktank's statement. "I'm also delighted to support the team behind Ceph in their goal of building a commercial success story around this tremendous technology, as an investor in Inktank."
Though the investment isn't an enormous one as such things go, Shuttleworth clearly has his eye on the technology. "Today Ceph is in the Linux kernel and Ubuntu," he said, following that with, "soon it will be everywhere."

subset: commoncrawl


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HONOLULU, Hawai'i – The Tennessee State men's basketball team concluded its Hawaiian road trip with a, 63-52, loss at the hands of Western Michigan on Monday.
Patrick Miller led the Tigers (0-3) in points for the third straight contest, pouring in 17 on 6-of-24 shooting. The senior also recorded season-highs with five assists and five rebounds.
M.J. Rhett had a solid game as well, finishing just shy of his second double-double of the year with 10 points and nine rebounds.
TSU received 17 points from its bench, but WMU won the battle in the painted area, 34-20.
The Broncos (2-1) started the game on a 7-0 run that was capped off by a long-distance three from David Brown. The Tigers were held without a field goal for the first 5:37, but M.J. Rhett emphatically ended that drought with a strong two-handed dunk that was assisted by Patrick Miller.
Rhett's hoop cut the WMU lead to four, but another three from Brown at the 13:01 mark put the Broncos back up by seven.
The Tigers tried to make a charge later in the half when Jaleel Queary nailed two freebies and Kennedy Eubanks poured in a jumper with just over six minutes to play in the period. The hoops cut the WMU lead to 17-13, but Brown, again, proved to be a thorn in the Tigers' side by nailing two buckets from in close.
Western Michigan closed the half on an 8-2 run that spanned four minutes to take a 31-21 lead into the locker room.
Four first half rebounds by Rhett helped TSU to an 18-16 advantage on the boards, but six turnovers and an 8-for-27 (30 percent) shooting line led to the double-digit first half deficit.
The Tigers' shooting woes followed them into the second half, as they only hit two shots during the first seven minutes. Meanwhile, the Broncos raised their lead to 17 thanks to five points from Brown.
From that point, the Tigers went on a 12-0 run that was led by Miller who accounted for 10 of the points. The stretch pulled TSU within five at 42-37 with 10 minutes to go in the game.
Miller had just one point during the game's opening 27 minutes.
The Broncos countered with eight straight points that kept the Tigers off of the board for nearly five minutes. Gerald Williams finally ended the spell with a pair of free throws-the first free throw attempts of the half for the Tigers- to make the score 50-39 with WMU on top.
TSU closed the gap quickly, as Miller converted a rare four-point play and true freshman Ugo Mmonu scored five straight points to make it a four-point game with two minutes to play.
Tennessee State just couldn't quite find enough offense after that, and the Broncos scored the last seven points of the game to walk away with a 63-52 victory.
TSU was a hot 9-of-10 from the charity stripe, but WMU had double the attempts and made 17.
Tennessee State will make the long trip home and prepare for Saturday's contest at Wichita State. Tipoff for that game is scheduled for noon.


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Last month, I posted Norman McLaren's 1971 work Synchromy to Rhizome. Vernissage TV visited the WRO Art Center in Wrocław, Poland, where the exhibition surveying his career "Norman McLaren: Synchromie. Musique Optique" is currently on display. In this clip, curator Piotr Krajewski discusses McLaren's technique and relationship to sound.
I have a funny relationship to Mclaren's work, but this has to be one of my favorite abstract films of all time. The relationship between sound and image is just perfect.


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Malibu Spring Break tries to fit in to those effortless teen sex comedies of the heady 80's like Porky's, Revenge Of The Nerds and, of course, Spring Break. The only problem was that those films actually had a good script, an appealing cast and enough comedy to pass the time between all the naughty bits. Instead, Malibu Spring Break offers up a spoiled, annoying girl from Arizona, Michelle (Charity Rahmer), and her best friend, Brianne (Kristin Novak), who decide to crash her Uncle's mansion in Malibu for an impromptu Spring Break getaway.
Of course the Uncle conveniently leaves on a business trip just hours after finding out about his niece's arrival. Luckily his mistress, Hillary (played by the aging, but still attractive Iva Franks Singer), is there to greet them and act as a "parental" figure to the party-crazed girls. Unfortunately, they'll have to share their digs with Michelle's ugly-duckling cousin, Denise (Sara Michelle Ben Av, and easily the best looking girl in the film), and their Uncle's maid's daughter, Gloria (aforementioned playmate, Pilar Astra).
The 82 minute running time is divided between Michelle and Brianne trying to find guys to hook up with (and failing), Gloria and Denise finding the men of their dreams, a couple of parking valets desperate to score and the whole gang going to a big party. Only Mses. Rahmer, Novak and Singer show any real skin during the course of the flick, and these scenes are few and far between. A teen sex comedy without any comedy, any sex and hardly any nudity is definitely a failure in my opinion.
The DVD:
Picture: The film is in a 1.33:1 Full Screen presentation, which isn't surprising given it's late-night cable feel. The specs say it was filmed in 35mm, but I swear it looks like it was shot on video.
Audio: The Dolby 2.0 Stereo Track sounds fine, but the best thing about this film, the soundtrack, is quite good and sounds great.
Extras: There are no Extras on this DVD except for two trailers, including a "General Audience" version and a "Red Band" with a little more skin.
Conclusion: Let me just finish by saying that I was not out to get this movie, it just fell far short of what I consider to be good, dumb fun. While I spent a considerable amount of time working in the film industry, I am by no means a filmmaker. Director Kevin Lewis has five features under his belt, almost all panned. His most recent film, Dark Heart, is apparently an intense indie drama about veterans of our current war in Iraq, and the problems they bring back from the fray. Maybe this more serious subject matter will help him to find his focus? I for one will not be holding my breath. Malibu Spring Break, Skip It.


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NASHVILLE, Tenn. - The men's golf team came up short in winning its third consecutive National Black College Alumni Hall of Fame Foundation, Inc., tournament. The Tigers shot a two-day 10-under 566 on the Par-72, 6,539 yard course at Browns Mill Golf Course in Atlanta, Ga. Alabama State finished ten strokes ahead of TSU to claim the team title with a 20-under 556.
The Tigers were tied for second with ASU after day one with a 10-under 278, trailing Savannah State by four strokes. Day two saw SSU fall from contention after a 297, while ASU equaled their score from the first round. TSU teamed up to card an even par 288 finishing five strokes ahead of third place SSU.
ASU's Jose Rodriguez claimed the individual title edging out James Stepp who posted a 7-under 137 (68-69). Andrew Warner finished just one shot behind Stepp as he recorded a career best 6-under 138 (68-70). Cameron Scitern notched a 1-over 145 (71-74), Dallas Hill registered a 3-over 147 (71-76) and Tyler Hendrickson fired a 6-over 150 (75-75).
TSU will travel to Paris, Tenn. to compete in the Skyhawk Classic on Oct. 7.


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So many great recipes and so many meals, but what to make and when? Here are a few menu suggestions from recipes available on GKC. Remember to mix and match whatever you like and make extra to freeze for Succot. What are you making? Anything to share?
Easy Menu
Sweet Potato and Corn Chowder
Rosh Hashannah Salad
Simple Elegant Short Ribs
Sweet Tzimmes
Curried Rice
Strawberry-Rhubarb Crisp
Menu 1
Pumpkin Challah
Roasted Jerusalem Artichoke Soup
Brisket Braised in Pomegranate Juice with Onion Confit
Best Whipped Sweet Potatoes with Caramelized Apples
Roasted Baby Beets with Truffle Chive Vinaigrette
Mango and Cranberry Salad with Honey Mustard Dressing
White House Honey Cupcakes
Menu 2
Curried Apple Soup
Chicken & Fruit Fricassee
Corn Pudding
Roasted Asparagus
Apples, Cranberries and Almonds Salad
Chocolate Caramel Bread Pudding
Menu 3
Onion-Poppy Seed Challah
Pumpkin-Coconut Bisque
Rare's Signature Sea Bass: Sea Bass with Balsamic Reduction and Mashed Sweet Potatoes
Apple Coleslaw
Roasted Baby Vegetables
Pomegranate Sweet Custard Tart
Menu 4
Apple Challah
Chilled Melon and Tomato Salad
Slow Cooker Chicken Tagine
Soda Meatballs
White Rice
Sweet Tzimmes


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The assignment is as follows:
(1) Divide the age of your father (or the age that your father would be if he were alive today) by four, and round the result off to the nearest year,
(2) consult your Ahtenafel using your favourite genealogy software to find the ancestor whose number corresponds to the answer arrived at in (1), and
(3) write three things about this ancestor in a blog article.
Five-generation Ancestor Chart for C.D.B. Payne
with Ancestor number 20 (Jabez Brown) highlighted
My dad would have been eighty-one this year, which produces a rounded integer of 20. Because of the regular and reproducible manner in which the Ahtenafel system works, number 20 is the paternal grandfather of one's paternal grandmother, one of eight possible great-great-grandfathers. In my case his name was Jabez Brown and he has been one of the more elusive of my Victorian ancestors.
Jabez Brown (1843-1921) of Rosehill, Derby
Undated paper print (109 x 159 mm) by unidentified photographer
Image © and collection of Charles Bernard Payne
My aunt Bunnie believes that the subject of this photograph is our ancestor Jabez Brown. The reverse of the undated print is annotated:
Mother died Aug/14I have recently established from the acquisition of their death certificates that Jabez Brown died on 14 February 1921 and his wife Annie died on 18 August 1914. The implication is that Jabez and Annie's son Frederick Montague Brown (1870-1960) - my great-grandfather - wrote the inscription referring to his parents, and it therefore seems very likely that the subject of the photograph was Fred's father. This rather battered paper print is the only known surviving portrait that we have of Jabez and, sadly, we have none of his wife at all.
Father died 14 Feby/21
What I knew about Jabez, c.1999
Ten years ago I would have struggled to find three solid facts concerning Jabez Brown about which I could write authoritatively. My original information came from my father, who as a "steam age," pre-computer/internet family historian had created a card index system to document and rationalize the family history. Some of his material about the Brown family had originated with his cousin Gillian through correspondence in the 1990s. All we knew about Jabez was his name, that he worked for the railways, and a possible death date. As he died some years before my father was born, my dad had no first hand knowledge of him, and didn't recall his mother speaking much about her grandfather either.
Jabez Brown and family, 14 Rose Hill St, Litchurch, Derbyshire
1881 Census-As Enumerated Microfiche: NA Ref. RG11-3402-14-21
Image © and courtesy of the LDS Church
Those of you who have been researching for over a decade or so may recall the microfiche version of the 1881 Census (produced by the Federation of Family History Societies in conjunction with the Genealogical Society of Utah). A kind fellow genealogist found Jabez and family and extracted the information for me that he was born in Dent (Yorkshire) around 1843, that he was married to Annie, with whom he had four children, that they were living at 14 Rose Hill Street, Litchurch (near Derby) and he was working as a railway clerk. And that was about it. From the birth places of their children I deduced that they had previously lived in Nottingham and Lincoln. I wondered if he had moved around while working for the railways, as Lincoln and Nottingham were both main line stations of the company Midland Railway, which had its headquarters in Derby. However, I had no real evidence to work with.
Jabez & Annie Brown, 50 Sale St, Derby, Derbyshire
1901 Census NA Ref. RG13-3219-134-19-125
Image © The National Archives and courtesy of Ancestry.co.uk
Ten years later and things have changed considerably, mostly courtesy of the internet and the improved means of genealogical research that it has enabled. I now have images of the original census sheets for the census every decade from 1851, when Jabez was still living with his parents, until 1901 - see image above - by which time his own children had all left home.
Certified copy of marriage certificate for
Jabez Brown & Annie Hazard, 8 October 1865,
St Peter-at-Arches, Lincoln
Image © and courtesy of the General Register Office
I also have Jabez Brown's birth, marriage and death certificates, all obtained from the General Register Office using their certificate ordering service and reference numbers from FreeBMD. The census and BMD information alone has provided an excellent framework of dates and locations on which to hang the story of his life. I would find it very difficult to restrict myself to only three things that I now know about him, so I won't bother to hold back in sharing the picture that I've built up about Jabez and his family.
Dent village & St Andrew's church, Cumbria
Image © Steven Watson and courtesy of his Flickr photostream
Jabez Brown was born in the small and picturesque village of Dent, situated in the West Yorkshire dales, on Tuesday 18 April 1843. He was the youngest of ten children of a sawyer William Brown (1795-1867) and his wife Dorothy née Parrington (1797-1858). By the time of his birth his two oldest brothers had already married and left home, although they were still living nearby in the village. Then, in the late 1840s, the entire Brown family moved, lock, stock and barrel to the town of Lancaster. I don't know why they moved, but I can surmise that it was for economic reasons - most internal migrations in mid-Victorian England were towards better employment prospects. Presumably the town of Lancaster was booming and needed plenty of sawn timber, and a skilled sawyer was no doubt in more demand than in a small Yorkshire village.
View Brown family migration in a larger map
Click on the yellow buildings for details of their movements
By 1861 Jabez (aged 17) and his older sister Margaret were living with their widowed father at 3 Upper Robert Street in Lancaster. Jabez is shown in the census working as a railway clerk, and it is presumed that he was employed by Midland Railways which, according to contemporary trade directories, served this Lancashire town.
Silk map of Midland Railway Network, undated
Lancaster, Lincoln, Nottingham & Derby highlighted
Image © and courtesy of The Roy F Burrows Midlands Collection Trust
Some time during the next four years Jabez moved to Lincoln (Lincolnshire), which was also on the Midland Railways network. He married Annie Hazard (1835-1914) at St Peter-at-Arches, Lincoln in October 1865; the marriage certificate shows his occupation mnerely as "clerk" and states that he was living at 15 Park Street. Their first son George was born at Lincoln in January 1867, but between then and 1870 they moved to Nottingham.
Ryehill Cottages, Kirke White Street East, Exchange, Nottingham, June 1973
Image © Reg Baker and courtesy of Picture the Past
Image Ref. NTGM009920
They lived at number 18 Rye Hill Cottages, in a close on the south side of Kirke White Street, Exchange Ward, and that is where Annie gave birth to twin boys named Christopher Dickenson and Frederick Montague Brown (my great-grandfather) on 17 April 1870. The actual building where they lived was probably one of the Victorian terraced houses shown in the photograph above, taken a century later, just before they were demolished under a 1970s clearance scheme. It was located in the former King's Meadow area, not far from Nottingham's Midland Railway station. The census of a year later shows Jabez again working as a railway clerk. A daughter Maggie and another son John Henry were born in 1872 and 1875, but sadly the elder of the twins Christopher died in late 1872, aged two-and-a-half.
Junction of Rose Hill & Madeley Streets, Litchurch, Derby, c. 1980
Image © John S. Grant and courtesy of Picture the Past
Image Ref. DRBY002084
Some time in the twelve months prior to November 1880, the Brown family moved to Derby and into a house at 14 Rose Hill Street, Litchurch. Jabez again described himself to the 1881 Census enumerator as a railway clerk.
The former Brown residence, 50 Sale Street, Litchurch, Derby
Image © and courtesy of GoogleMaps
Click on image for interactive Streetview version
In June 1887 Jabez Brown stood unsuccessfully for election for the post of Relieving Officer with the Derby Board of Guardians (The Derby Mercury, 22 Jun 1887). The Derby Borough Electoral Registers show them living at the Rose Hill Street address until October 1887, after which they moved to 50 Sale Street, also in the suburb of Litchurch and only a few blocks away. By census night of 5 April 1891 all three sons - George (23), Fred (20) and John (15) - had become railway clerks too! This was the last census that would find all of the family together in one house. George married a year later and moved to Station Road, Borrowash (just east of Derby). Fred married my great grandmother Edith Newman Miller at Mugginton in 1894; they settled first at 18 St Giles Road, Pear Tree, Derby, and in the early 1900s at 121 Crewe Street, Normanton. John became a commercial traveller and moved to Nottingham, where he married prior to 1901. It is not known what happened to daughter Maggie Brown.
Derby Union Workhouse, Uttoxeter New Road, Derby, c.1908
Postcard by Frank W. Scarratt
Image © and courtesy of Picture the Past
Image Ref. DRBY001173
Annie Brown died at 60 Holcombe Street, Litchurch on 18 August 1914. Jabez's death certificate shows that he died on 14 February 1921 at Boundary House, Derby. Boundary House was the former Derby Workhouse in Uttoxeter Road. After 1948 it was known as the Manor Hospital, and it was where my grandfather died in 1975 too. I can remember my father telling me that it still had all the old connotations of being the former workhouse, and my grandfather had a dread of going in there when he got sick.
Instead of restricting myself to three things that I know concerning my great-great-grandfather Jabez, I'm going to list three things that I still want to find out about him. The first of these concerns some Crimean War medals that my father recalled seeing in the Brown family household when he was a boy - that is, the family of his maternal grandparents Fred & Edith Brown - together with clasps for several of the battles. He didn't know who had earned them, but presumed it was a member of the Brown family. Sadly, nobody seems to know what has happened to them. The Crimean War took place between 1853 and 1856, when Jabez was aged 10 to 13, and it seems rather unlikely that he was the one, unless he was perhaps a drummer boy, but who else in that branch of the family could it have been? What happened to the medals, and who earned them? I hope to answer that question one day.
Nottingham Road Cemetery, Derby
Image © Daniel Richardson and courtesy of Geograph.co.uk
Licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence
The next thing I'd like to know is where Jabez and Annie Brown are buried. The location seems likely to have been the Nottingham Road Cemetery in Derby, about which I have written previously, since several other of my Derby family were buried there during that time frame. Created in 1855, it was the first municipal cemetery in Derby and is still used to this day. The cemetery registers are kept on site, but sadly they don't appear to have either an online presence or an email address. Perhaps they are wary of the flood of enquiries such a move might precipitate.
Lastly, I'd like to able to confirm that Jabez Brown's employer from the early days in Lancaster until his retirement was indeed, as I have always assumed, Midland Railways. An article in The Derby Mercury in June 1887 stated that he had "been a collector on the Midland Railway for 25 years," giving a start date of around 1865, when he would have been about 22 years old. However the 1861 Census, taken four years earlier, also showed him working as a railway clerk. In January this year, my cousin Lynne Tedder from Alberta sent me some photocopied Midland Railway staff records dating from 1881 to 1906 for George William Brown which she had very kindly obtained on a visit to the National Archives at Kew, London. However, she could find nothing for William's father Jabez or William's brothers.
Midland Railway Staff Records for George William Brown, 12 Feb 1881 to 14 Mar 1906, National Archives, Kew, London, NA Ref. RAIL 491/1068, Courtesy of Lynne Tedder
Derby Borough Electoral Registers 1877-1900. Derbyshire County Record Office, Matlock, Derbyshire, England. Accessed on microfilms from the LDS Church Tauranga Family History Centre
1881 Census-As Enumerated Microfiche from the LDS Church Courtesy of Alan S. Flint
General Register Office (GRO) Index to Births, Marriages & Deaths from FreeBMD
UK Census 1841-1901 Indexed images from Ancestry.co.uk
19th Century British Library Newspapers from Gale CENGAGE Learning
- The Derby Mercury
Slater (1869) Royal National Commercial Directory of Cumberland, Lancashire and Westmoreland from Ancestry.co.uk
The Workhouse web site, & the Osmaston Road Workhouse, Derby, Derbyshire
Seddon, Peter (2007) Nottingham Road Cemetery - Derbeians at Rest. Bygone Derbyshire.


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Slovenia's Filip Flisar didn't medal in freestyle ski cross event on Thursday, but he was still the talk of the slopes at the Sochi Olympics thanks to his epic mustache.
The word of the mustache -- which is long and curled upward on both sides-- quickly spread on social media Thursday morning.
Fans admired Flisar's freeski cross skills, but they mostly wondered whether the mustache might be the best looking one in all of Sochi.
The Olympian not only has a handlebar mustache, he also sported many more different ones on his helmet.
But Flisar isn't the only Olympic athlete with impressive facial hair. France's freesytle skier Jonas Devouassoux has quite a luxurious beard. And Australian ski cross racer Anton Grimus sports a black, bushy beard and is cheered on by fans holding up signs that read "Fear the Beard."
Take a look at what fans had to say about Flisar's 'stache on social media:
Sports Connection
Connecting you to your favorite North Texas sports teams as well as sports news around the globe.
"@NBCOlympics: Slovenia's Filip Flisar has an amazing mustache: pic.twitter.com/k89dEpqJ4Z" @FonsecaAtLarge — Lisa Agostinho (@LisaAgostinho) February 20, 2014
He's so hipster that it hurts. Filip #Flisar, the best mustache at #Sochi2014. pic.twitter.com/olKCLIqaFs via @BBCSport — Chiaretta Poulain (@chiara) February 20, 2014
The best Olympic moustache ever !! Signé Filip Flisar !! #skicross #Sochi2014 pic.twitter.com/XHSIumB7hV — Fabien Lévêque (@FabLeveque) February 20, 2014
"@BBCSport: Sported by Filip Flisar, is this the best moustache at #Sochi2014?...http://t.co/4lif466Pcc pic.twitter.com/8E84sP2TVk" — Jonathan Palma (@JonathanPalmaL) February 20, 2014
OH MY GOD HELP IVE JUST GOOGLED FILIP FLISAR AND FALLEN IN LOVE #SOCHI2K14 — Laura Gigi Allin (@lauragigiallin) February 20, 2014
Filip Flisar has to be one of my favourite Winter Olympians. Absolute tank of a bloke and THAT moustache #skicross #Sochi2014 #bbcsochi — Max Banner (@maxbanner17) February 20, 2014
Gentlemen, having a handlebar tache is super cool, as the alpine cross skier Filip Flisar demonstrates pic.twitter.com/gq3coWVQJT — Nic Exotic (@Neuro_Nic) February 20, 2014
Slovenian ski-crosser Filip Flisar wins best moustache of the WOlympics. Better than a gold medial. pic.twitter.com/jVH3dnz6wd — Adrian Artn (@adrianartn) February 20, 2014


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STOCKTON - Work is expected to start as soon as next week to widen Highway 99 through south Stockton, a $214 million project intended to relieve traffic congestion and create a safer and more modern roadway.
STOCKTON - Work is expected to start as soon as next week to widen Highway 99 through south Stockton, a $214 million project intended to relieve traffic congestion and create a safer and more modern roadway.
Construction work will bring temporary delays and detours until the project's expected completion date in 2015. And drivers will see some permanent changes taking shape, with the replacement or addition of interchanges in places and the removal of on- and off-ramps in others.
Spanning from near the Crosstown Freeway south to Arch-Airport Road, it is part of another widening project under way that will widen Highway 99 from four to six lanes through Manteca. And the highway is seeing other improvements outside of San Joaquin County, too.
Calling it the "Main Street of California," it's a connection between the region's agriculture and the marketplace, said Malcolm Dougherty, director of the California Department of Transportation, or Caltrans. "It's very important to the San Joaquin Valley."
Dougherty was at a groundbreaking ceremony Wednesday that drew local transportation officials and elected officials from Stockton and county government.
There, too, was Rep. Jerry McNerney, D-Stockton, who praised the project's economic impact. "It's creating jobs right now, right here ... and it also improves our infrastructure," which positions the area to attract more employers, he said.
Design standards have changed since the building of Highway 99, which predates the construction of I-5, said Caltrans project manager Jes Padda. The project replaces access points at the same level as the highway, instead using interchanges with more room to speed up to merge with traffic. The change makes for a safer road, he said. "We're upgrading Highway 99 from an expressway to a freeway."
Those changes also require more space, which means Caltrans needed to acquire property.
It amounts to all or part of 133 parcels of land. Most of these were already bought from the property owners, and Caltrans offers relocation assistance, too, said spokeswoman Chantel Miller.
But the agency also has the power of eminent domain to force the acquisition.
Miller said there are nine properties in the condemnation process that would likely be acquired through court action.
"We avoided the whole court thing," said Lorenzo Fonseca, whose family sold a slice of its land. It meant a smaller back yard for his children and their cousins to play in, he said. "We didn't want to sell, but it was either we sell it, or they take it."
Wanda Waybright's family sold part of land it has owned for more than three decades. Waybright, 63, said she's going to miss the cherries and apricots from the trees her brother planted in the backyard.
Both properties are near Golden Gate Avenue. So is Jody Shahan's. But it's far enough away that he didn't have to sell.
A house that was sold and left vacant on the corner had caught fire, once, and he was glad to see it torn down recently. Shahan, 53, said he's interested in seeing how noisy the new freeway will be.
But the plan is to turn his street into a cul-de-sac. Shahan said he likes that, because it would stop speeding traffic in his neighborhood.
Originally slated as a $250 million project, the south-Stockton widening came in from bidding at $214 million. It is paid for with $132 million from Proposition 1B, a transportation bond approved by voters statewide in 2006. It also receives $47.5 million from Measure K, the 1/2-cent sales tax approved by voters in San Joaquin County.
It will be constructed in stages, starting with building a new interchange at Golden Gate Avenue. That will be ready for use before work crews close the interchange at Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard.
When all is done, a driver can expect to shave off about 5.5 minutes of travel time, according to Caltrans. And the total time saved in a day amounts to 4,722 hours.
Contact reporter Zachary K. Johnson at (209) 546-8258 or email@example.com. Visit his blog at recordnet.com/johnsonblog.


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Linkin Park Rock New iPhone App That Creates Custom-Made Videos
Linkin Park have teamed with mobile social media app Viddy to allow fans to create music videos on their iPhone and are offering an autographed guitar to the fan who turns in the best impersonation of a member of the band.
Viddy is a new app that lets fans utilize innovative special effects and music to make 15-second music videos on their iPhones, iPads, and iPods. The growing library of artists who have made their music available through the app include Snoop Dogg, Incubus, Mindless Behavior and now Linkin Park.
To launch their new partnership with Viddy, Linkin Park are challenging fans to make a killer video using one of their five available soundtracks. In addition, the band will award an autographed guitar for the user that puts down the best Linkin Park impersonation in said video. Official rules and details for the contest can be found on the Viddy website.
Linkin Park are currently in the studio working on their fifth studio album and follow-up to 2010′s 'A Thousand Suns' with producer Rick Rubin.


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Assessment |
Biopsychology |
Comparative |
Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
Philosophy |
Social |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Social Processes: Methodology · Types of test
The Rorschach inkblot test is a method of psychological evaluation. Psychologists use this test to try to examine the personality characteristics and emotional functioning of their patients. The Rorschach is currently the second most commonly used test in forensic assessment, after the MMPI, and has been employed in diagnosing underlying thought disorder and differentiating psychotic from nonpsychotic thinking in cases where the patient is reluctant to openly admit to psychotic thinking.[1]
The Rorschach inkblot test (pronounced IPA: [ʁoɐʃax]) is a method of psychological evaluation. Psychologists use this test to try to examine the personality characteristics and emotional functioning of their patients. The Rorschach is currently the second most commonly used test in forensic assessment, after the MMPI, and is the second most widely used test by members of the Society for Personality Assessment. It has been employed in diagnosing underlying thought disorder and differentiating psychotic from nonpsychotic thinking in cases where the patient is reluctant to openly admit to psychotic thinking.[1]
Critics of the test have raised questions about the extraction of objective meaning from responses to inkblots; the objectivity of psychologists administrating the test; inter-rater reliability; the verifiability and general validity of the test; bias of the test's pathology scales towards greater numbers of responses; the limited number of psychological conditions which it accurately diagnoses; the inability to replicate the test's norms; its use in court-ordered evaluations; and the proliferation of the ten inkblot images, potentially invalidating the test for those who have been exposed to them. The Exner system of scoring has addressed many of these criticisms with an extensive body of research.[2]
Using interpretation of "ambiguous designs" to assess an individual's personality is an idea that goes back to Leonardo da Vinci and Botticelli. Interpretation of inkblots was central to a game from the late 19th century. Rorschach's, however, was the first systematic approach of this kind.[3]
It has been suggested that Rorschach's use of inkblots may have been inspired by German doctor Justinus Kerner who, in 1857, had published a popular book of poems, each of which was inspired by an accidental inkblot.[4] French psychologist Alfred Binet had also experimented with inkblots as a creativity test,[5] and, after the turn of the century, psychological experiments where inkblots were utilized multiplied, with aims such as studying imagination and consciousness.[6]
After studying 300 mental patients and 100 control subjects, in 1921 Rorschach wrote his book Psychodiagnostik, which was to form the basis of the inkblot test (after experimenting with several hundred inkblots, he selected a set of ten for their diagnostic value),[7] but he died the following year. Although he had served as Vice President of the Swiss Psychoanalytic Society, Rorschach had difficulty in publishing the book and it attracted little attention when it first appeared.[8]
In 1927, the newly-founded Hans Huber publishing house purchased Rorschach's book Psychodiagnostik from the inventory of Ernst Bircher.[9] Huber has remained the publisher of the test and related book, with Rorschach a registered trademark of Swiss publisher Verlag Hans Huber, Hogrefe AG.[10] The work has been described as "a densely written piece couched in dry, scientific terminology".[11]
After Rorschach's death, the original test scoring system was improved by Samuel Beck, Bruno Klopfer and others.[12] John E. Exner summarized some of these later developments in the comprehensive system, at the same time trying to make the scoring more statistically rigorous. Some systems are based on the psychoanalytic concept of object relations. The Exner system remains very popular in the United States, while in Europe other methods sometimes dominate,[13][14] such as that described in the textbook by Evald Bohm, which is closer to the original Rorschach system and rooted more deeply in the original psychoanalysis principles.[citation needed]
There are ten official inkblots. Five inkblots are black ink on white. Two are black and red ink on white. Three are multicolored. The psychologist shows the inkblots in a particular order and asks the patient, for each card, "What might this be?". After the patient has seen and responded to all the inkblots, the psychologist then gives them to him again one at a time to study. The patient is asked to list everything he sees in each blot, where he sees it, and what there is in the blot that makes it look like that. The blot can also be rotated. As the patient is examining the inkblots, the psychologist writes down everything the patient says or does, no matter how trivial. The psychologist also times the patient which then factors into the overall assessment.
Methods of interpretation differ. The most widely used method in the United States is based on the work of John E. Exner. In the Exner system, responses are scored with reference to their level of vagueness or synthesis of multiple images in the blot, the location of the response, which of a variety of determinants is used to produce the response (for example, whether the shape of the inkblot, its color, or its texture is primary in making it look like what it is said to resemble), the form quality of the response (to what extent a response is faithful to how the actual inkblot looks), the contents of the response (what the respondent actually sees in the blot), the degree of mental organizing activity that is involved in producing the response, and any illogical, incongruous, or incoherent aspects of responses.
Using the scores for these categories, the examiner then performs a series of mathematical calculations producing a structural summary of the test data. The results of the structural summary are interpreted using existing empirical research data on personality characteristics that have been demonstrated to be associated with different kinds of responses. Both the calculations of scores and the interpretation are often done electronically.
A common misconception of the Rorschach test is that its interpretation is based primarily on the contents of the response- what the examinee sees in the inkblot. In fact, the contents of the response are only a comparatively small portion of a broader cluster of variables that are used to interpret the Rorschach data.
The Rorschach inkblot test is controversial for two reasons. First, because the blots of ink are inherently meaningless and subjective, evaluating the results of a test requires the blots of ink to have meaning in the first place. Otherwise, the images projected into the patterns would be of little value in assessing personality traits. Supporters of the Rorschach inkblot test believe that the subject's response to an ambiguous and meaningless stimulus can provide insight into thought processes. Additionally, recent research has demonstrated that the blots are not entirely meaningless, and that a patient typically responds to meaningful as well as ambiguous aspects of the blots.[15]
But the psychologist must project onto the patterns in order to give them any meaning and, in a sense, take the test him/herself. So the results of any test will not only show what the patient projected onto the ink blots, but also what the psychologist projected onto the projections of the patient. Third parties could be called in to evaluate what effect the psychologist's interpretations had on the results of the test, but the third parties' evaluations would also be slanted by their own subconscious interpretations of meaningless patterns. The process of evaluating and re-evaluating could go on forever.
When interpreted as a projective test, results are poorly verifiable. The Exner system of scoring, which interprets the test in terms of what factor (shading, color, outline, etc.) of the inkblot leads to each of the tested person's comments, is meant to address this, but problems of test validity remain. However, there is substantial research indicating the utility of the measure for detecting such conditions as thought disorders, mood and anxiety disorder, personality disorders, and psychopathy. Nevertheless, there is substantial research indicating the utility of the measure for a few scores. Several scores correlate well with general intelligence. Interestingly, one such scale is *R*, the total number of responses; this reveals the questionable side-effect that more intelligent people tend to be elevated on many pathology scales, since many scales do not correct for high R: if you give twice as many responses overall, you are more likely to give at least some seemingly "pathological" responses. Likewise correlated with intelligence are the scales for Organizational Activity, Complexity, Form Quality, and Human Figure responses (see Table 9.4 in [16]). The same source reports that validity has also been shown for detecting such conditions as schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; thought disorders; and personality disorders (including borderline personality disorder). There is some evidence that the Deviant Verbalizations scale relates to bipolar disorder. The authors conclude that "Otherwise, the Comprehensive System doesn't appear to bear a consistent relationship to psychological disorders or symptoms, personality characteristics, potential for violence, or such health problems as cancer" (pp. 2249-250 in [16]).
Supporters of the test try to keep the actual cards secret so that the answers are spontaneous. This practice is consistent with the American Psychological Association's ethical standards of preserving test security. The official test is sold only to licensed professionals. These ethics were violated first by William Poundstone in his book Big Secrets (1983), which described the method of administering the test and gave outlines of the ten official images. In 2004, the images were leaked to the Internet.[17] This reduced the value of projective testing for those individuals who have become familiar with the material, potentially negatively impacting their care. The Rorschach Society claims the blots are copyrighted; this has been disputed by others who state that the blots should be in the public domain legally based upon when they were first created and how long Rorschach has been dead (over 80 years).
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Meloy, J. Reid, Gacano, C.B. "Rorschach Assessment of Aggressive and Psychopathic Personalities". Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994. ISBN 0805809805.
- ↑ Exner, J.E. (2002). The Rorschach: Basic Foundations and Principles of Interpretation: Volume 1. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN 0471386723
- ↑ Groth-Marnat 2003, p. 408
- ↑ Pichot, P. (1984). Centenary of the birth of Hermann Rorschach. (S. Rosenzweig & E. Schriber, Trans.). Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 591–596.
- ↑ Herman Rorschach, M.D at mhhe.com
- ↑ (2000) Gerald Goldstein & Michel Hersen Handbook of psychological assessment, Amsterdam: Pergamon Press.
- ↑ Kumar N, Verma, Romesh. Textbook Of Statistics, Psychology & Education..
- ↑ April 2, 1922: Rorschach Dies, Leaving a Blot on His Name at wired.com
- ↑ About the Test. The International Society of the Rorschach and Projective Methods. URL accessed on 2009-07-01.
- ↑ (1998). Psychodiagnostics: A Diagnostic Test Based on Perception. Hogrefe, Cambridge. MA, ISBN 978-3-456-83024-7. URL accessed on 2009-07-07. [dead link]
- ↑ Acklin, M. W. & Oliveira-Berry, J. (1996). Return to the source: Rorschach's Psychodiagnostics. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 427–433.
- ↑ Exner Jr., John E.: "Obituary: Samuel J. Beck (1896–1980)", "American Psychologist", 36(9)
- ↑ a cura di Franco Del Corno, Margherita Lang (1989). Psicologia clinica, Milano: F. Angeli. "Nonostante il Sistema Comprensivo di J.E. Exner rappresenti ai nostri giorni il Metodo Rorschach più diffuso a livello mondiale, in Italia è ancora non molto utilizzato. Although J. E. Exner's Comprehensive Systems nowadays represents the most widely adopted method worldwide, it is not yet very widespread in Italy."
- ↑ Dana 2000, p. 329 "Although it has enormously expanded throughout Europe [...] use of the RCS remains, as it where, somewhat confidential in many countries."
- ↑ Exner, J.E. (2002). The Rorschach: Basic Foundations and Principles of Interpretation: Volume 1. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN 0471386723
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ See: http://www.deltabravo.net/custody/rorschach.php
See also
- Bruno Klopfer
- Projective test
- Hermann Rorschach
- Picture Arrangement Test
- John E. Exner
- Exner system of scoring
- Projective test
- Holtzman Inkblot Technique
- The Duess Test
- Meloy, J. R. (2005). Comment: Some reflections on what's wrong with the Rorschach? : Journal of Personality Assessment Vol 85(3) Dec 2005, 344-346.
External links
- International Rorschach Society
- Test de Rorschach Site with the actual inkblots of the test in full color (Spanish).
- History of Inkblot Techniques
- The secret test blot set and all operational procedures
- The Rorschach Inkblot Test, Fortune Tellers, and Cold Reading
- Unofficial Rorschach website
- Using inkblots to create secure passwords
- An online inkblot generator
- "What's Wrong with This Picture?" A Scientific American article questioning the effectiveness of projective testing
- [1] Preeminent organization on personality assessment debunks some criticisms in Scientific American article.
- "Rorschach technique" entry in the Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology
- The Skeptic's Dictionary article criticizing the test
- "Giving up Cherished Ideas: The Rorschach Ink Blot Test" by Robyn M. Dawes, IPT Journal, Fall 1991
- "presentation and promotion of the Rorschach method, concentrating on the way it has been practiced within the classical European tradition"


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