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TAHOE® is excited to welcome you and your family to the 2018 700. As our new runabout flagship, she's a boat that's always ready to show your crew a good time.
And she does so by perfectly wedding style, comfort and convenience together in perfect harmony. So, grab your anchor from the bow compartment, and tie up in your favorite secluded cove. Drop the changing curtain from the optional Bimini top and change into your swimsuit. Adjust the sunpad backrest to your favorite position, and lay back in comfort. Or, if that's too slow for you, grab a wakeboard from the in-floor storage and have some fun.
The next generation of fun has arrived!


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Quorren's #CBR4 Review #23 The Child Thief by Brom
I was hesitant to buy this book, because unless you're Cher, you can't pull off the monosyllable, one name without sounding like a pretentious douche-nozzle. But the Barnes & Noble Buy-2-Get-the-3rd-Free table is an irresistible temptress.
The Child Thief is a grittier reboot of Peter Pan. Neverland is actually the cloaked in mist isle of Avalon. Currently the island is besieged by the fleasheaters – a group of pilgrims who mistaken washed up on Avalon's shore trying to get to the New World. The faerie folk and other magical creatures that live on Avalon came on a diplomatic mission to open talks with the new settlers and were massacred. Peter is half faerie, but after a falling out with the ruling faeries, he took an isolated part of the forest for himself. He now travels to the real world and leads children living on the fringes back with him to be soldiers of Avalon.
Peter meets Nick, a 14 year old kid on the run from drug dealers. He brings him back to Avalon, to join his clan, The Devils. The Devils are children Peter has brought back and trained as soldiers. Sekeu, basically analogous to Tiger Lily, is peter's second in command; she is a Native American from the early days of the discovery of America. Nick doesn't take the transition to soldiering in Avalon very well. He starts to show the signs of becoming a Flesheater himself.
I was surprised how much I enjoyed the book (in the beginning). Brom is foremost an artist and while his writing style is a bit basic, he created an intriguing story. However, thematically, he is heavy handed. The book is a big metaphor for civilization versus nature, organized religion versus spirituality (clap your hands if you believe!). The story still captivated me, until the ending. Peter has no real character development by the final act. Sure, he goes the independent route, but that choice felt hollow to me. He STILL is getting what he wants with little to no concern for anyone else. The whole book was leading him down the path to change his behavior and Brom went with an ending akin to giving us a pat on the head and a little push on our way.

subset: commoncrawl


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Scott Kelby's World Wide Photo Walk 2017
It's the beginning of October, time for the annual Scott Kelby's World Wide Photo Walk. Each year, photographers all over the world gather on the same day to explore, photograph, share photos with one another, make new friends, and be a part of a great cause.
I once again joined a walk in Historic Downtown Titusville FL. Chris Wiley a local fine art photographer was our walk leader. Our group of walkers came from allover Florida. We had a great time walking around Titusville looking for things to photograph.
We took a similar route as last year, so I was trying to find different things to photograph. I did photograph some of the same things, but I photographed them differently. I had lots of fun and I think I may have even gotten a good image!
Scott Kelby's World Wide Photo Walk 2016
It was once again time for Scott Kelby's World Wide Photo Walk. Each year, photographers around the world gather on the same day to explore, photograph, share photos with one another, make new friends, and be a part of a great cause. The Worldwide Photo Walk supports The Springs Of Hope Kenya Orphanage, an organization that feeds, houses, educates, and empowers young orphans so that they can grow up to not just survive but succeed. This year there were 24,336 walkers, walking in 1068 locations around the world.
I participated in a walk in Historic Downtown Tituville, Fl. Our walk was lead by Chris Wiley a local fine art photographer. We started our walk in the historic part of Titusville. There are many old turn-of-the-century buildings to photograph. We continued on past the monuments dedicated to space travel. (Titusville is located in close proximity to the Kennedy Space Center.) We ended our walk at the fishing pier under the Max Brewer bridge on the Indian River. Cloud cover thwarted our hopes of a nice sunset. There was, however, a sliver of color in the sky.
I was concentrating mostly on getting some nice architectural abstracts. I like to photograph old crusty, rusty things – something that Titusville has a lot of. It's always great to get together with other photographers. We had lots of fun! I think I came out with a few good photos to boot. I need to pick one of these photos to enter in the World Wide Photo Walk competition. So it would be great if you could let me know which one you would pick?
click on photo to see larger.
Midnight Landscapes
I was looking at some examples of photographs that were taken at night, using the full moon as the light source. This looked like something that I needed to try. So after many moons of bad weather and bad timing, I finally got a chance to try this technique. You don't need to have a totally full moon, it can be a few days before or after. You need to check a moon phase chart to see when moon rise will be. Hopefully it will be at a decent hour and not after midnight or later. This particular moon rise was at a good time, right about sunset. Using the moonlight is a lot like using the sunlight. If it is low in the sky, you will get some nice shadows. If it is high in the sky, you will get a more even light, but it's not as harsh as photographing at noon.
Coincidentally, there was an 11pm rocket launch set for the March full moon. This is great! I can photograph the launch and also try out this moonlight photography thing.
The rocket launch was beautiful! Night launches always are beautiful. This was an Atlas V rocket taking supplies to the International Space Station. The full moon was a big help illuminating the foreground of this image. I like how you can see everyone on the dock with a lit up cellphone. You can see a few stars, but the light from the moon dims all but the brightest.
I had a bit of time to kill before the launch, so I took this photo of the bridge. After the launch, I crossed the bridge to the Merritt Island Wildlife Refuge. This is where I took my midnight landscapes. By this time, the moon was getting pretty high in the sky. It was a very clear night just a few sparse clouds in the distant horizon. A few more clouds would make a very interesting sky, but you take what you get. After you find a nice place to photograph (you will need to scout the area ahead of time) take your time setting up. Your eyes need to adjust to the moonlight. Once they do, you will be amazed at how bright it really is. I was able to work with the camera and walk around without any additional light. Using a flashlight would ruin your night vision and actually make it harder to see. Just be careful that you don't trip over any alligators.
I was experimenting quite a bit with ISO settings. I settled on ISO 1250 for these images. I will need to do a bit more experimenting to give a solid recommendation. I used f8 and a 6 second shutter speed. I was underexposing a bit. This being my first attempt I did not want to risk overexposing. I think I could have increased the exposure by one stop and still been OK. I had to work the shadows a bit in post. I was able to get more stars in the wider angle image. It looks more like a night photo, the tighter image looks more like it was taken at dusk. The glow on the horizon is not from sunset; it's the glow of the Titusville city lights. Again the moonlight is overpowering a lot of the stars. If you want a lot of stars you need to photograph on the new moon. You will get the stars, but you will lose the color in the sky and detail in the foreground. You need to keep shutter speed under about 10 seconds to keep the stars from elongating. There is a huge chart to figure this out depending on camera and lens combo, look for the 500 rule.
These photos were taken at midnight, not midday. It's amazing the colors you can see at night. It's very eerie being in the marsh at night. The only sounds you hear are the sounds of nature. Wondering what that was that just made a splash in the water? This only adds to the experience.
I came upon this group of sleeping wood storks and spoonbills. I was very careful not to wake them. Every once in a while I could hear one of them ruffling its feathers, but they never moved.
Completing the loop through the salt marsh I couldn't resist taking another photo of the bridge before heading home. I will need to try this technique a few more times and do some fine tuning. I had a great time photographing my midnight landscapes.
Frog and Reptile Macro Workshop with Mike Matthews Photography
The organizers of the Space Coast Birding and Wildlife Festival expanded the photography offerings for the 2016 festival. One of the photographers that joined the festival this year was Mike Matthews. (click here to see Mikes web site.) Mike conducted an amazing macro workshop with an interesting cast of characters.
Mike brought with him 10 to 15 species of exotic reptiles and amphibians like this very cool three horned chameleon.
He not only brought along some very cool subjects to photograph, he also brought the sets to photograph them in. There was a whole room full of small props and backdrops. Mike would expertly place one of the reptiles in the set then you instantly have a great photograph. Mike enjoys teaching photographers the tricks of the trade. He was very helpful with camera exposure settings as well as lens and flash selections. A well placed drop of water on a lizard's mouth would create a fantastic image as the lizard licked the drop with its tongue. This was a great workshop! Not only were you able to learn all about the wonderful world of macro photography, but you came away with some world class images. Another one of the many reasons why you need to get your butt to the 2017 SCBWF!
I want to thank Mike for allowing me to follow him around and photograph his workshop. He helped me get some good photos as well as helping his workshop attendees get good photos. I only wish I would have had more time to see some of his other cute little friends.
Click on photos to see bigger.
The Little-Big Econ State Forest
Another amazing Space Coast Birding and Wildlife Festival field trip: The Little-Big Econ State Forest. I was anxious to photograph this field trip; I have not been to this area before. I know Little-Big sounds a bit contradicting, but this is where the Little Econlockhatchee and the Big Econlockhatchee rivers come together, hence Little-Big Econ.
The field trip was led by biologist Lorne Malo from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, wildlife biologist Selena Kiser, Angel and Mariel Abreu with Nature is Awesome Tours. This was my first trip with Loren, he knows this area and its history very well. I have been on other trips with Selena, Angel and Mariel, they are all excellent birders! This is another reason why you need to attend the SCBWF. You could visit this area on your own no problem, but you would not have four expert birders with you. They know the area, they know the birds, they are great at sharing their knowledge with you. SCBWF field trips are a wonderful learning experience. I learn something new on every trip. For instance, on this trip I learned about mistletoe. In Florida not many trees lose their leaves. The ones that do sometimes have several balls of green leaves among their bare branches. I always figured they were some sort of parasitic plant. I learned from Lorne that it is mistletoe and that cedar waxwings like to eat the mistletoe berries.
The Little-Big Econ was beautiful. It was almost like walking through a prehistoric jungle. The mist was rising off of the river. The eerie call of the pileated woodpecker. I was expecting to see a dinosaur at any moment. There were no dinosaurs, but Lorne expertly lead us through the many trails to where we were able to get a good view of an eagles nest. There was an eagle in the nest to boot! We could not see into the nest but the eagle seemed to be tending eggs or maybe very young eaglets. The female eagles are very noticeably larger than the males. This is quite evident when you see them together. This was a large eagle, my guess is that it was the female. I travel light and didn't have enough lens to get a decent photo of the eagle. Besides the eagle, we saw many types of birds on this trip. The Little-Big Econ is a great place to go birding. Fun was had by all.
click on photo to see larger.
2016 SCBWF Opening Day
The 2016 Space Coast Birding and Wildlife Festival got off to a beautiful start. I enjoy taking photos for the SCBWF each year. On the first day of the festival there were several field trips planned at the Merritt Island Wildlife Refuge. My plan was to meet up with a few of the field trips and photograph them. The sunrise was stacking up to be a good one, so I found a good spot to photograph it. This particular area is a berm road with water on both sides. I was facing the sunrise; to my back there was a row of mangroves and the other body of water. Just on the other side of the mangroves there was a huge flock of American coots, but I didn't know that at the time. Shortly after the sun rose above the horizon something spooked the coots. Possibly an eagle looking for a coot breakfast. The huge flock of coots made a frantic dash for the sunrise side of the berm road. They were crashing through the mangroves and stumbling onto the road. Several of them flew into my car! (no one was hurt.) The water dripping off of them as they flew over me made it feel like it was raining. It was quite the sight, coots everywhere with the beautiful sunrise for a backdrop.
Click on photo to see larger.
After the coot fly-in I went in search of the field trips. I met up with Shiv Verma on one of his daily photo walks. Shiv's photo walks are sponsored by Panasonic. This is cool because Panasonic provides Shiv with lots of new equipment. As part of the photo walk, you not only were able to get some expert photography advice from Shiv, you could also take the new Panasonic equipment for a spin. Grab the new Lumix mirrorless camera and plop it on a new 4800mm scope, wow! One of the many perks of attending the SCBWF. Unfortunately, I didn't have time to play with the toys.
Click on photo to see larger.
Next, I met up with Kevin Karlson on his Birding by Impression field trip. He has recently co-authored a book of the same name. As well as writing books, Kevin is an excellent photographer and also did photography classes and workshops at the festival. I have gotten to know Kevin over the years and his field trips are always among the best at the festival. Birding by impression is a technique of bird identification that he has been perfecting over the years. By observing the birds size and shape, as well as the behavior of the bird, you are able to ID the bird when traditional field marks are not clearly seen. It is an interesting concept and Kevin is fantastic at explaining it. The 2016 SCBWF was off to a great start.
Click on photo to see larger.
Night Time Photography Workshop
I recently conducted a night time photography workshop at the 2016 Space Coast Birding and Wildlife Festival. I did three workshops on three different nights. On the first night we were treated to a spectacular sunset! On the second night, the sunset was not as spectacular, but we got some spectacular night photos of the Max Brewer Memorial Bridge over the Indian River Lagoon. The third night was the coldest windiest night ever! The waves on the river were crashing over the seawalls. We also, despite the weather, got some great night time bridge photos. I want to thank all of my participants for coming out and braving the weather with me. It was great fun for me, I hope you all had fun as well.
Click on photo to see bigger.


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Friday Mesh 40mm
$ 178
Inspired by the coexistence of modern architecture and dynamic natural landscape, The Artisan holds the essence of nature within its modern construction. With natural color tones, it is easy to mix and match with the fashion pieces in your wardrobe.
- 40mm diameter & 20mm strap width
- Swiss Quartz Movement
- Sapphire Crystal Glass (Scratch-resistant)
- 316L Brushed Gold Plated Stainless Steel Case
- Matte Black Plated Stainless Steel Mesh Band (Quick-release function)
- 3ATM Water Resistance
- 2 Years International Warranty
Watch on men wrist (17.5cm):
Watch on women wrist (16cm):
If you have any size guide inquiry, please free feel to ask us on the live chat.
You have the right to return any/all products you have purchased directly from our website within 14 days of receiving the item.
Kindly note that after the watch has been adjusted to fit your wrist, the warranty is still valid but you cannot return the watch.
Kindly note that items purchased online cannot be returned to a local retail store.
Read more in our Returns policy.


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Showing off newly made avatars.
Complimenting someone else's avatar.
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Please try to avoid posts such as 'mine is the best!!' and 'yours sucks'. Try to offer constructive feedback/criticism.
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The maximum size for avatars in this forum is 64 pixels wide by 80 pixels tall. Please make sure your avatar falls within these dimensions. If you go outside of the dimensions we will help you get it fixed. Repeatedly going outside of the dimensions (after explanation) may result in having your avatar disabled. For more information please click here. Click here for an avatars tutorial.
Also, if you're looking for Avatar Links, check the Avatar Links thread.


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BRISTOL, Tenn. – As we near the end of basketball season awards start to be handed out, and Conference Carolinas released their academic all-conference teams on Thursday. The King University men's basketball team placed three student-athletes on the team while the women had seven representatives.
On the men's side, Nathanael Hughes, Logan Lyle and Brandon Crompton all earned the distinction. A senior, Crompton has a 3.67 grade-point average and is Biological and Biomedical Science while Lyle and Hughes posted GPA's of 3.51 and 3.27, respectively. Lyle has been one of King's most effective three-point shooters this season as he makes 38.6 percent of his attempts from long range. Crompton has appeared in 25 games, making five starts for the Tornado while Hughes has appeared in 18 games off the bench.
On the women's side, Kelly Jackson, and Chelsea Bowling lead the group of seven. The duo have been in the starting lineup nearly all season and rank among the team's leaders in scoring. Jackson averages 7.1 points and dishes out 1.1 assists per game while Bowling scores 8.0 points and hands out 1.5 assists per game. Jackson has a cumulative GPA of 3.85 while Bowling has a GPA of 3.81.
Sara Mitchell has seen her playing time increase late in the season, and posted a career-high 13 points against North Greenville University earlier this month. She earned a spot on the academic all-conference team with her impressive GPA of 3.84.
The final four Tornado make the squad are Stephanie Brantley (3.30 GPA), Alley Sprouse (3.40 GPA), Bonnie Durrett (3.61 GPA) and Tia Keitt (3.68 GPA). Brantley has appeared in all 26 games, making 24 starts and averages 6.5 points per game while Sprouse ranks third in the league with 46 total blocks. Durrett ranks second in the league with an average of 9.9 rebounds per game to go along with a team-high 11.0 points per game. Keitt has started all but one game and leads the team with a 2.3 assists per game average.
The 2013-2014 Conference Carolinas Basketball Academic All-Conference representatives have been awarded to the following junior, senior, and 5-year student-athletes with a cumulative grade point average of 3.25 or higher on a 4.0 scale in all work completed at their member institution that have played in a conference sponsored sport. The GPA is calculated based on the student-athletes cumulative average through the previous semester and each student-athlete must have attended their member institution for at least one academic year.
Each year the academic all-conference team is released while closing out each regular season before starting the tournament championships. The men and women will begin tournament play Saturday, March 1st with quarterfinal games being played at the higher seeded team. The top four men's and women's teams will then travel to the Cabarrus County Arena and Events Center on March 5th and 6th for the Conference Carolinas Basketball Championship Tournament powered by OrthoCarolina.
Men's Basketball Academic All-Conference Team
J.J. Kuhlman, Belmont Abbey
Ryan Conrad, Belmont Abbey
Darko Kankaras, Erskine
Adison Lawrence, Erskine
Nathanael Hughes, King
Logan Lyle, King
Brandon Crompton, King
Ryan Cliff, Limestone
Joshua Greene, Limestone
Cooper Gunter, Limestone
Trevor Hudson, Limestone
David Meikrantz, Limestone
William Raines, Limestone
Caleb Shelley, Limestone
Brady Stafford, Limestone
Brian Isley, Pfeiffer
Women's Basketball Academic All-Conference Team
Jaterra Hurst, Belmont Abbey
Kelsey Long, Belmont Abbey
Melisa Foures, Belmont Abbey
Candace Fox, Belmont Abbey
Nadia Gathers, Converse
Avery Winchester, Converse
Jana Dixon, Erskine
Tara Potter, Erskine
Stephanie Brantley, King
Alexandra Sprouse, King
Bonnie Durrett, King
Tia Keitt, King
Chelsea Bowling, King
Sara Mitchell, King
Kelly Jackson, King
Natalija Cakarevic, Lees-McRae
Layana Desouza, Lees-McRae
Leah Graham, Mount Olive
Katherine Paschal, Mount Olive
Annarose Schoonmaker, Mount Olive
Tyshaundra Wallace, Mount Olive
Ashleigh Edwards, North Greenville
Aliyah Stokes, North Greenville
Caressa Samuel, Pfeiffer
Carter Williams, Pfeiffer
Lauren White, Pfeiffer


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They dreamed a dream � thoughtful, caring, generous Gaston County folks who more than 30 years ago saw an unmet need in this community and went to work.
In 1981, Gaston Hospice opened with little more than a desk and a telephone, but with a big vision to bring care and comfort to those with life-limiting illnesses.
Like all good things that spring from the good deeds of good people, Gaston Hospice grew and grew, serving more and more people so they could spend their final days at home in the company of friends and family.
As time went on, there came another dream. Even more thoughtful, caring, generous Gaston County folks went to work building a place where Hospice angels � these caregivers are surely heaven-sent � could serve those traveling the path from this world to the next.
And so the Robin Johnson House, named for the Episcopal priest who one of the earliest Hospice dreamers, came to be on a quiet, peaceful spot near Dallas.
Since opening day in 2007, Hospice angels have cared for more than 1,000 patients at the Robin Johnson House.
Most people continue to receive Hospice care at home, but the Robin Johnson House meets particular needs of Hospice patients.
Sometimes, that need is for pain management. Sometimes, it�s to provide respite care for families in need of extra support. Other times, it offers a place for the patient who has no caregiver.
The need has been so great that last year saw an expansion of the Robin Johnson House so that more patients can receive onsite Hospice care.
Just a few days ago, Gaston Hospice announced that the expansion cost has been covered in full by $3.4 million in donations from thoughtful, caring, generous Gaston County folks.
Given the tough economic conditions this county has experienced in recent years, that�s quite an accomplishment.
Dedicated volunteers, among them those who have experienced the wonderful care of Hospice angels in their own families, conducted a capital campaign that began with considerable bequests to Hospice. Their hard work took the campaign to the finish line in short order.
The Robin Johnson House expansion shows once again that Gaston County is filled with thoughtful, caring, generous folk who decade after decade, time after time do what it takes to care for others.


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Mounting and dismounting
Fitting the Supergrip bolt
Since the bolt is initially smaller than the hole, it is easily inserted by hand. The tapered shank is drawn into the sleeve by the hydraulic tensioner, creating a controlled radial interference fit.
After mounting the nuts, the bolt is hydraulically tensioned to a high axial preload. After disconnecting the pump and tensioner, the bolt is ready to transmit high torque.
Removing the Supergrip bolt
The hydraulic tensioner is connected and pressurized and one nut is released.
The hydraulic pump is connected to the center of the bolt. Oil is injected to release the bolt from the sleeve. The bolt slides out of the taper and the sleeve immediately regains its original diameter.
As an alternative, the bolt can be pulled out from the sleeve with the tensioner mounted on the opposite side.
After unscrewing the nuts, the bolt and sleeve can be easily withdrawn by hand.


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South African Journal of Animal Science
versão On-line ISSN 2221-4062
versão impressa ISSN 0375-1589
S. Afr. j. anim. sci. vol.41 no.3 Pretoria Jan. 2011
Effect of dietary protein on the allometric relationships between some carcass portions and body protein in three broiler strains
R. Danisman; R.M. Gous*
Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
This paper reports the allometric relationships between some of the physical parts and body protein weight of three commercial broiler strains reared, sexes separate, on four dietary protein levels to six weeks of age. Birds were sampled at day old and then weekly from each of the treatments to determine the weights of the physical parts and the chemical composition of each of 582 birds. Allometric regressions were compared between strains, sexes and dietary protein levels using linear regression with groups. Whereas these regressions were similar over strains and sexes, some interactions were evident between factors, and differences occurred when broilers were fed differing dietary protein levels. These differences may be explained on the basis that lipid is deposited to different extents in each of the parts in response to dietary protein, although this was not tested. The allometric regressions presented are an attempt to provide information that would enable the prediction of the weights of breast meat, thigh, drum and wing at different stages of growth of broilers whose genotype and feed composition are adequately described.
Keywords: Breast meat, thigh, drum, wing, carcass yield, simulation modelling
The increasing consumer demand for breast meat has resulted in a search for ways of producing chickens that yield greater amounts of this desirable body component, the two most important approaches being through genetic selection and nutrition. Broilers have been subjected to selection for many decades, and geneticists have in that time considerably improved traits such as body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and carcass characteristics (Havenstein et al., 2003; McKay, 2008). Many reports claim that improvements have been made in the yield of parts (breast meat in particular) of broilers, with resultant 'high yield' strains having been developed by some breeding companies (Cobb, 2007; Aviagen, 2009). Similarly, there are numerous claims that breast meat yield can be improved by altering dietary nutrient specifications: examples are the comprehensive dataset published by Hakansson et al. (1978) and the effects of dietary protein content on breast meat yield (Kemp et al., 2005). These improvements raise a general problem in growth analysis, which is to be able to predict the effects of genotype, feed and environment on the growth of protein and lipid in breast meat and other body components.
Such predictions may be accomplished directly, using a growth function specific to each component, or indirectly, by predicting the growth of the component as a proportion of body protein growth. Potential protein growth rates have been described for various genotypes (Hancock et al., 1995; Gous et al., 1996) using a Gompertz growth function (Gous et al., 1999) and simulation models already exist for predicting the actual growth of body protein as influenced by genotype, feed and environment (Emmans, 1981; EFG Software, 2007). Such models may therefore be used to predict the growth of any scaled component of the body, as any components that share the same rate of maturing can be scaled allometrically (Emmans, 1987; 1988). What is needed for each genotype is a description of the potential rates of growth of body protein and of the different components of the body so that the allometric relationships between the important components of the body and body protein can be determined. Differences in the allometric relationships between genotypes, or those brought about through nutritional or environmental manipulation would enable these effects to be modelled.
The proportions of the body change in a regular fashion throughout growth, and such non-isometric scaling is called allometry. Many morphological and physiological variables are scaled, relative to body size, according to allometric equations of the general form y = axb. In a simple proportionality the slope (b) will be 1.0, as with the weight of blood in relation to body mass, or the amount of ash relative to the weight of body protein (Schmidt-Nielsen, 1984; Emmans, 1987). If the dependent variable increases at a slower rate than would be indicated by simple proportionality the regression line would have a slope less than 1.0, such as with metabolic rate (0.75 of body weight) and body water (0.9 of body protein weight). Body lipid content would generally increase at a faster rate than body protein content, and hence the slope would be greater than 1.0. Where the quantities do not change with body size, such as the haemoglobin concentration in the blood, the slope is zero. Some functions even decrease with body size: the slope for heart rate vs. body size, for example, is -0.25. Knowledge of these relationships would be invaluable for predicting the weights of the commercially important physical components of a broiler, as it means that only the weight of body protein needs to be predicted, after which the weights of all the remaining chemical and physical components of the body can be calculated using the appropriate allometric coefficients. However, no such relationships for broilers have been published in the scientific literature nor is it possible to determine such relationships accurately using the data that have been published.
Where mean weights have been published of the physical components of broilers resulting from changes in genotype, feed quality or the environment, a rough estimate of the allometric relationships with body weight can be obtained, but this is inaccurate for two reasons: firstly, because of variation between individuals on the same treatment the regressions would be more accurate if the individual results were used instead of treatment means; and secondly, because the treatments applied often influence the amount of lipid in the body, it is more accurate to regress component weights against body protein weight rather than on body weight thereby eliminating the confounding effect of body lipid content. This implies that the body protein content should be measured of each bird sampled for the measurement of body component weights.
In the trial reported here, the weights of various parts of the body were measured at different stages of growth after which all components of each bird were minced together in order to determine the chemical composition of each bird. With the information about the weights of the components and of the protein content of each bird it was possible to determine the allometric relationships between the components and body protein, and to compare these between genotypes and feed protein levels. Apart from similar exercises having been conducted previously in our laboratory (Lindsay, 1992: Gous et al., 1996) no other such data exist for comparison.
This study was designed to examine the relationships between some important components of the body and body protein among three broiler genotypes and two sexes fed four protein levels over a period of six weeks to ascertain whether differences in these allometric relationships exist.
Materials and Methods
Day-old sexed broiler chickens of three strains available in South Africa, namely, Ross 788, Ross 308 and Cobb 500, were used in the trial. A total of 48 pens was used with 70 chickens being placed initially per pen and with males and females being reared separately, i.e. eight pens of males and eight of females of each of three strains were used in the trial. The trial was terminated when the birds were 42 d of age.
Two basal starter and finisher feeds, one high and the other low in protein were formulated (Table 1) to contain equal contents of apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and major minerals, using a well balanced amino acid mixture derived from the EFG Broiler Growth Model (EFG Software, 2007). These two feeds were blended to produce two intermediate levels of protein (Table 2). The basal feeds were sampled after mixing and these were analysed for AME using the method of Fisher & McNab (1987) and digestible amino acid contents using a Waters amino acid analyser (AOAC, 2003). The starter feeds were fed to three weeks of age and the finisher feeds were used thereafter. Feed and water were offered ad libitum throughout the trial.
A representative sample (0.5) of birds in each pen was weighed at weekly intervals up to 42 d. Feed allocated to each pen was weighed and transferred to the feeding troughs when necessary. At the end of each week feed remaining in the troughs and in the bag was weighed, to determine the amount of feed consumed during the week.
At day old, six birds were sampled from each strain x sex, the weights of the parts were dissected and measured then replaced before each chick from each strain and sex was minced and subjected to chemical analysis. Two birds were removed from each pen for carcass analysis each week up to the 6th week, resulting in a total of 6 (initial) + 96 x 6 = 582 birds being used for carcass analysis. The weight of each bird was recorded after killing (without loss of blood), plucked weight was recorded (feather weight calculated by difference), and then the breast, without skin or bone, breast skin, breast bone, thighs, drums, wings, intestine, liver, and remainder were dissected and weighed. All the body parts, except for feathers, from each bird were placed together in a separate plastic bag, clearly marked with the identity of the bird, and stored in a freezer until mincing took place. Each chicken was minced separately and sampled for chemical analysis which included water, protein (as N using the Dumas method on a LECO N analyser, AOAC, 2003), ash (AOAC, 2003), and gross energy (GE) using a bomb calorimeter. Lipid (L) content was calculated from GE using the equation L = -0.8756 + 0.04754*GE (University of KwaZulu-Natal, unpublished).
The weight and natural log (ln) of each chemical component of the body was calculated, from which the allometric relationships between the components (Y) and body protein weight (X) were determined using the equation ln Y = ln a + b ln X. The exponent b represents the slope of the linear regression obtained in a logarithmic plot.
A factorial design was used, with three protein levels, four strains and two sexes. Two replications of each treatment combination were used. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance for calculation of treatment means only, and simple linear regression of the form lnY = a +b lnX using natural logarithms (ln) of both the component (Y) and body protein (X) weights to determine the allometric coefficients. The groups procedure of Genstat (2002) was applied to determine differences between constant terms (a) and slopes (b) of the regressions. Main effects and two- and three-way interactions between factors were compared in this way.
The objective of the trial was not to determine the extent to which broiler genotypes differed, or the extent to which dietary protein content would alter growth rate and feed conversion efficiency, but rather to produce a wide range of body weights and carcass compositions throughout the growing period such that the allometric relationships between the physical parts of broilers and their body protein contents could be determined. Therefore, although the body weights and food intakes of broilers on each of the treatments were recorded each week, only the mean final body weight and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) for each strain, sex and balanced protein level are presented here (Table 3) to indicate the extent to which these varied between birds on the various treatments. In all cases, males were heavier than females, and dietary protein content influenced growth rate, with the highest body weight being recorded on the second-highest feed protein level. Food intake was maximised on the second-highest feed protein level, declining at higher and lower levels, whereas FCE decreased linearly with dietary protein content, the highest (600 g gain/kg food) being on the highest protein feed.
Also presented in Table 3 are the mean body lipid contents of the broilers sampled for carcass analysis at 42 d of age. Females had higher (P <0.001) lipid contents than males (158 vs. 107 g/kg) and there was a linear increase in lipid content as dietary protein content declined. The mean values presented here demonstrate that the factors used, namely, strain, sex and feed protein content, produced differences in the body weights and feed efficiencies of the broilers, and because feed efficiencies differed, so too did the body composition of birds on the different protein treatments.
Of the components of the body that were measured, only the weights of breast meat, thigh, drum and wing are given in the tables below. The mean weights of the remaining five components measured, namely, breast skin and bone, liver, gut and the remainder of the carcass are not presented in this paper, nor are the results of the chemical analyses of the carcasses other than the lipid content at six weeks. The entire dataset is available from the corresponding author on request.
The mean breast meat weights, at weekly intervals, of males and females of three strains of broiler fed four dietary protein levels are given in Table 4. The weights refer to the entire breast meat and exclude skin and bone. Over all ages the weights were heavier in males than in females (390 vs. 343 g at 42 d), heavier in the Cobb strain than in Ross 308 or 788 (392, 351 and 355 g, respectively at 42 d), and dietary protein content resulted in a curvilinear response, with the highest weight of breast meat on protein level 2 (374, 402, 392 and 297 g, respectively at 42 d).
Data for breast meat and body protein weight from each bird sampled were used to calculate allometric equations for each strain, sex and feed protein level, which were compared using simple linear regression with groups in Genstat, the respective coefficients for the main effects of the three factors being presented in Table 5. Where no differences were apparent in either the constant term or regression coefficient the common value is presented, as with those between strains and sexes, where only one constant term (-2.379) and regression coefficient (1.409) is necessary to describe breast meat weight in terms of body protein content in all three strains and both sexes. The only differences in allometric coefficients between factors for breast meat were those brought about by feeding different levels of dietary protein, which resulted in linear trends in both constant terms (decreasing from -1.214 on the highest protein level to -1.536 on the lowest) and regression coefficients, which increased from 1.191 to 1.237.
Significant two-way interactions in the allometric coefficients for breast meat yield occurred between strain and sex (Table 6) with Ross 308 and 788 males differing from Cobb males and all females. The constant term for Ross males was between 0.182 ± 0.090 (Ross 788) and 0.196 ± 0.090 (Ross 308) higher, and the regression coefficient 0.054 and 0.058 ± 0.018 lower than for the Cobb males, indicating that the Ross strain had higher breast meat weights in the early stages of growth but with the Cobb strain overtaking this advantage at some stage before the end of the growing period. Interactions also occurred between strain and feed (Table 7) where the Ross 308 strain on protein level 4, for example, had a lower constant term (-0.421 ± 0.124) and a higher regression coefficient (0.054 ± 0.025) than the Cobb strain on the highest protein level, and between feed protein level and sex (Table 8). An example of the latter interaction is that between males and females on the highest protein level, where females had a lower constant term (-0.268 ± 0.108) and a higher regression coefficient (0.062 ± 0.021). The three way interactions between strain, sex and dietary protein levels are given in Table 9. No significant trends were evident but Ross 308 appeared to differ more than the Ross 788 from the Cobb strain.
The mean thigh weights of broilers on the various treatments, at weekly intervals, are given in Table 10. The weight referred to here includes bone and skin and is the mean of the two thighs from each bird. At six weeks the mean thigh weights of the three strains over all protein levels were similar (285, 282 and 280 g for Cobb, Ross 308 and 788, respectively), whereas the mean weight of male thighs (303 g) was 42 g heavier than those of females. A curvilinear response in thigh weight to dietary protein level was evident, with mean weights at six weeks of 270, 290, 300 and 270 g, respectively. The main effect of strain on the allometric relationship between thigh weight and body protein weight (Table 5) resulted in significant differences in constant terms between the Cobb strain vs. the two Ross strains but all having the same regression coefficient, i.e. the rate at which thigh weight increased with body protein content was the same in all strains, but the initial weight of the Cobb was higher, and this difference therefore was maintained throughout the growing period. Both the constant term and regression coefficient were the same for both sexes, but the constant term, whilst the same for the three highest protein levels, was significantly lower for the lowest protein level whilst the regression coefficient for this treatment was steeper than for the other protein levels.
There were no two-way interactions between strain and sex in the case of thigh weight, but feed protein level interacted with both strain (Table 7) and sex (Table 8). The interaction with strain occurred in one case only, with the regression coefficient for the Ross 788 fed the lowest feed protein level being 0.064 ± 0.022 higher than all other combinations of strain and feed protein content. The interaction with sex was brought about also at the lowest feed protein content, with a higher regression coefficient being exhibited by females (0.049 ± 0.018), and males (0.044 ± 0.018) on protein level 4. No three-way interactions were evident for thigh weight.
The mean weights of the drum of broilers on the various treatments, at weekly intervals, are given in Table 11. These weights include bone and skin and represent the mean weights of the two drums from each bird. At six weeks the mean drum weight of the Cobb strain, over all protein levels, was lighter (230 g) than that of the Ross strains, which were both 240 g. Mean weight of male drums (129 g) was 22 g heavier than that of females. A curvilinear response in drum weight to dietary protein level was evident, with mean weights at six weeks of 233, 247, 247 and 220 g, respectively.
Two-way interactions were evident between strain and sex (Table 6) and between strain and feed protein level (Table 7), but not between sex and feed protein level. Females of the Ross 308 strain differed from all other strains and sexes by having a lower constant term (-0.174 ± 0.058) and a higher regression coefficient (0.040 ± 0.012) than the other combinations. This strain also responded differently to the highest and lowest feed protein levels, in the first case showing the same trend as the Ross 308 females (lower constant term and higher regression coefficient), and, in the latter case, together with the Ross 788 strain, showing a higher regression coefficient on the lowest dietary protein level. There were no three-way interactions in drum weight between factors.
The mean weights of the wing of broilers on the various treatments, at weekly intervals, are given in Table 12. These weights include bone and skin and represent the mean weights of the two wings from each bird. Male wings were heavier than those of females at six weeks (201 vs. 174 g) and those of all three strains were similar (185, 185 and 193 g for Cobb, Ross 308 and 788, respectively). Weights were curvilinearly related to dietary protein level (186, 194, 195 and 175 g, respectively). There were no two- or three-way interactions between factors in the case of mean wing weight.
The three strains, two sexes and four dietary protein levels used in the trial had the desired effect of producing a wide range of rates of growth of the body and of the weights of the physical and chemical components of the birds sampled. The body weights achieved exceeded the breed standards for the three strains used. In addition, because a large number of birds (n = 582) was sampled throughout the growing period, the resultant allometric equations derived for each treatment combination are likely to be accurate representations of the effects of the various treatments imposed. The objective was to derive and then compare these allometric equations between the weights of the various physical parts and body protein, and this was accomplished using simple linear regression with groups; the groups in this case being the factors strain, sex and feed protein level. Because the constant terms and slopes of the regressions were being compared, and not the mean values at different stages of growth, it is not appropriate to use an analysis of variance or t- tests to compare these relationships (Morris, 1983; Gous, 2010).
A number of interesting effects were noted in the relationship between breast meat and body protein content. In spite of differences in growth rates and carcass composition between the strains and sexes used in the trial, breast meat weight was unaffected by these factors when expressed as a proportion of the body protein content of the broiler. However, differences in the constant term and regression coefficient describing this relationship were brought about by rearing the birds on different levels of dietary protein, with the constant terms decreasing and the slopes increasing as feed protein content decreased. One possible explanation for this effect would be that increasing amounts of lipid are deposited in the breast muscle as feed protein content is reduced resulting in increasing breast weights at a given body protein weight. It is known that body lipid deposition increases as feed protein content declines (Gous et al., 1990) and this is evident also from the results of this trial (Table 3), where maximum rates of body growth were achieved on feeds intermediate in protein content. Such differences in lipid deposition would help to explain the two- and three-way interactions evident between factors, as the different strains and sexes deposited body lipid at different rates on the various dietary protein levels. If the skin and bone had been added to the portion of breast measured, the amount of lipid incorporated into the portion, and hence the effect of dietary protein content, would have been greater. But as the lipid content of the breast meat was not determined in this trial it is not possible to state to what extent differences in lipid deposition occurred in this muscle between treatments, and this information would clearly be useful in explaining the change in this allometric relationship with feed protein content.
The relationships between ln breast meat and ln body protein weight and between ln thigh weight and ln body protein weight are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 for the three strains and the four feed protein levels. It is evident in Figure 1 that the weights of breast meat at day old did not conform to the allometric relationship developed during the remaining six week growing period: all day old weights fell below the regression line, suggesting that nutrients had been depleted from this tissue prior to, or immediately after hatching. Only the breast meat was affected in this way as no other tissues measured in this trial fell below the fitted allometric regression at day old. There is evidence in the literature that breast tissue is used to supply nutrients to the body when these are needed and when they are not supplied by the feed (Halevy et al., 2006; Noy & Sklan, 1998). Although early and in ovo feeding have been shown to increase breast muscle weight (Uni & Ferket, 2004; Noy & Sklan, 1997; 1998), the weights reported on those held and early-fed treatments have not been accompanied by body protein weights, so it is not possible to determine whether such treatments increased the breast meat weight specifically at an equivalent body protein weight, or whether the weights of all components were similarly increased.
The relationships between the thigh and drum and body protein weight were marginally affected by strain and sex but more so by the feed protein content, again suggesting that these differences may be the result of increasing amounts of lipid being deposited in these components as feed protein content is reduced. Ideally, the weight of protein in the various parts should be measured, to be regressed against body protein weight, rather than including the lipid content of these parts in deriving allometric equations, for the same reason as was given for using body protein content as the independent variable rather than body weight. But it would then be necessary to determine the amount of lipid that is deposited in each of the body parts depending on the feed protein content, and this would have to be added to the weight of protein (and bone where appropriate) to predict the weight of each component. If the amount of lipid deposited in each part, on feeds differing in protein content, could be predicted, the weights of the parts could be adjusted by this amount to improve the accuracy of prediction, without having to define a different allometric equation for each level of dietary protein fed to broilers.
The allometric regressions presented here are the first such regressions to be published in the scientific literature. No previous relationships have regressed weights of different body components against body protein weight, thereby ignoring the variable amounts of body lipid that are deposited in broilers dependent on the genotype and feed protein content. The regressions presented here suffer also from the confounding effects of body lipid, which in this case are at the level of the body components and not the entire body. Although the equations presented here are more useful in predicting the weights of the physical parts of a broiler than any previous attempts, such predictions would be improved if the amount of lipid that is deposited in each component in relation to the feed protein content were known, or could be predicted. Apart from addressing a general problem of using body protein as a predictor of component weights whilst avoiding the problem of fatness, such information would be valuable to simulation modellers attempting to predict the weights of these important components of the body.
The research reported here suggests that, aside from the variable amounts of lipid that are deposited in the various body components resulting from differences in dietary protein content, the weights of these components may be accurately estimated from the body protein content of the broiler. It appears that day-old breast meat weight is influenced by the nutritional status of the embryo but that no other components measured in this trial are thus affected. To improve the accuracy of prediction of component weights as influenced by strain, sex and dietary protein content the minimum and maximum amounts of lipid that can be deposited in these components by different broiler strains should be measured.
AOAC, 2003. Official Methods of Analysis. (17th ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington, Washington, USA. [ Links ]
Aviagen 2009. http://www.aviagen.com/ss/ross-708/ (accessed July 2010). [ Links ]
Cobb 2007. http://www.cobbvantress.com/Products/ProductProfile/Cobb700_Sales_Brochure_2007.pdf (accessed July 2010). [ Links ]
EFG Software 2007. http://www.efgsoftware.net/ (accessed July 2007). [ Links ]
Emmans, G.C., 1981. A model of the growth and feed intake of ad libitum fed animals, particularly poultry. In: Computers in Animal Production. Br. Soc. Anim. Prod. 5, 103-110. [ Links ]
Emmans, G.C., 1987. Growth, body composition and feed intake. Wrld Poult. Sci. J. 43, 208-227. [ Links ]
Emmans, G.C., 1988. Genetic components of potential and actual growth. pp. 153-181. In: Animal Breeding Opportunities. Occ. Pub. No 12. Br. Soc. Anim. Prod., Penicuik, Midlothian, U.K. [ Links ]
Fisher, C. & McNab, J.M., 1987. Techniques for determining the ME content of poultry feeds. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. Eds Haresign, W. & Cole, D.J.A., Butterworths, London. pp. 3-17. [ Links ]
GenStat, 2002. GenStat statistical software, Release 6.1 Lawes Agricultural Trust. [ Links ]
Gous, R.M., 2010. Scientific Research: The Planning Process. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 40 (Suppl.1), 400-406. [ Links ]
Gous, R.M., Emmans, G.C., Broadbent, L.A. & Fisher, C., 1990. Nutritional effects on the growth and fatness of broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 31, 495-505. [ Links ]
Gous, R.M., Pym, R.A.E., Mannion, P. & Wu, J.X., 1996. An evaluation of the parameters of the Gompertz growth equation that describe the growth of eight strains of broiler. Aust. Poult. Sci. Symp. 8, 174-177, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [ Links ]
Gous, R.M., Moran Jr., E.T., Stilborn, H.R., Bradford, G.D. & Emmans, G.C., 1999. Evaluation of the parameters needed to describe the overall growth, the chemical growth and the growth of feathers and breast muscles of broilers. Poult. Sci. 78, 812-821. [ Links ]
Hancock, C.E., Bradford, G.D., Emmans, G.C. & Gous, R.M., 1995. The evaluation of the growth parameters of six strains of commercial broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 36, 247-264. [ Links ]
Hakansson, J., Eriksson, S. & Svensson, S.A., 1978. Influence of feed energy level on chemical composition of tissues and on the energy and protein utilization by broiler chicks. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Husbandry, Report 59, Uppsala, Sweden. [ Links ]
Halevy, O., Yahav, S. & Rozenboim, I., 2006. Enhancement of meat production by environmental manipulations in embryo and young broilers. Wrld Poult. Sci. J. 62, 485-497. [ Links ]
Havenstein, G.B., Ferket, P.R. & Qureshi, M.A., 2003. Carcass composition and yield of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets. Poult. Sci. 82, 1509-1518. [ Links ]
Kemp, C., Fisher, C. & Kenny, M., 2005. Genotype - nutrition interactions in broilers; response to balanced protein in two commercial strains. Proc. 15th Eur. Symp. Poult. Nutr., Balatonfured, Hungary. pp. 54-56. [ Links ]
Lindsay, H.A., 1992. Allometric relationships between the physical parts of broiler chickens. MSc Agric. thesis, University of Natal, South Africa. [ Links ]
McKay, J.C., 2008. The genetics of modern commercial poultry. In: Proc. XXIII Wrld Poult. Congr., Brisbane, Australia. [ Links ]
Morris, T.R., 1983. The interpretation of response data from animal feeding trials. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. Ed. Haresign, W., Butterworths, London. pp. 12-23. [ Links ]
Noy, Y. & Sklan, D., 1997. Posthatch development in poultry. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 6, 344-354. [ Links ]
Noy, Y. & Sklan, D., 1998. Yolk utilisation in the newly hatched poultry. Br. Poult. Sci. 39, 446-451. [ Links ]
Schmidt Nielsen, K., 1984. Scaling, Why is animal size so important? Camb. Univ. Press, New York. [ Links ]
Uni, Z. & Ferket, R.P., 2004. Methods for early nutrition and their potential. Wrld Poult. Sci. J. 60, 101-111. [ Links ]
Copyright resides with the authors in terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 South African Licence.
See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/za/
Condition of use: The user may copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the work, but must recognise the authors and the South African Journal of Animal Science
* Corresponding author: email@example.com


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She says her 10-month post with Osprey Biotechnics was an educational experience
After a 10-month stint in the private sector, Mireya Eavey has rejoined CareerEdge as executive director of the regional workforce development collaborative.
Eavey, who left CareerEdge in March to head a division of beneficial bacteria producer Osprey Biotechnics, worked as the workforce group's first leader, beginning in 2010.
"I missed my old job," Eavey said. "I learned a lot being in the private sector, though: how the world works out there."
Business consultant Nathalie deWolf, who was named executive director when Eavey left, resigned late last year to spend time with her family, according to the Gulf Coast Community Foundation, a key provider of CareerEdge's funding.
Eavey will not have much time to re-acclimate, though. In March, she is scheduled to host a meeting in Sarasota of the National Fund for Workforce Solutions' Partners Council, a group of national corporate donors who pay for CareerEdge programs.
While the group is here, Eavey is likely to lead their roughly 20 participants on tours of two area manufacturers' plants -- drinkware maker Tervis in Venice and Air Products & Chemicals in Port Manatee, which recently opened a plant to make equipment to liquefy natural gas.
Based in Bradenton, CareerEdge is one of 30 regional funding collaboratives supported by the National Fund, an umbrella set up in 2007 by the Harry and Jeanette Weinberg Foundation, the Annie E. Casey Foundation and the Ford Foundation, among others.
The fund's goal is to advance the careers of low-wage workers through education and employer input on the skills they need. It also encourages employers to teach their existing workers more skills so they can move up.
In 2012, a CareerEdge survey of regional manufacturers found critical shortages in welding and precision machining.
Sarasota County Technical Institute used the report as a basis to develop a precision-machining lab and expand related coursework at its burgeoning campus. The first class of 16 precision-machining students is slated to graduate in May.
CareerEdge also had a hand in Air Products' decision to build a $50 million manufacturing plant in Manatee County.
When the Pennsylvania-based company fretted over a lack of skilled welders in the area, CareerEdge committed $100,000 to cover the costs of educating welders in customized training at Manatee Technical Institute. As a result, Air Products' new workers now can complete the precision welds required in the company's high-pressure heat exchangers.
Even before the National Fund's visit, Eavey plans to present a fresh labor analysis of the Sarasota-Manatee region to identify other sectors that need help with workforce development.
"Mireya has a real passion for helping people transform their lives by improving their job skills and advancing their careers," said Commissioner Joseph Barbetta of Sarasota County, an investor in CareerEdge.
"Our region will benefit from her continued leadership."


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UGI gas line expansion program awaits PUC ruling
Reading-based UGI Utilities Inc. is waiting for a ruling from the Pennsylvania Utility Commission on a pilot program it wants to run statewide to expand its gas mains into neighborhoods not currently served, including those in the midstate.
The Growth Extension Tariff program, or GET Gas, would add a monthly surcharge to new customer bills over 10 years to pay for the gas main extensions into a neighborhood, said Joseph Swope, a UGI spokesman.
The company wants to expand gas usage for businesses and homes because of demand caused by the low price of natural gas, he said.
"The biggest issue in reaching people with gas is extending the main," Swope said.
Natural-gas mains can cost about $100 per foot, or roughly $500,000 to $1 million per mile, he said. That makes an extension into a neighborhood expensive, and often can prevent people from switching to gas if they know they'll have to finance the connection up front, he said.
GET Gas would allow those costs to be spread over 10 years with allowances for homeowners and businesses that would help them connect to new mains. No one would be required to connect to the gas lines, Swope said.
Some midstate communities and neighborhoods are being considered for GET Gas, but UGI won't know for certain which areas it's specifically targeting until 2014, Swope said. The company has been giving informational sessions to midstate municipalities during the past several months.


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Agency Directory
Online Services
Last Updated: January 31, 2019
To view any of the listed statutes, see the
Wisconsin Revisor of Statutes website.
All applicants seeking to do an insurance business in Wisconsin must first obtain a Certificate of Incorporation and a Certificate of Authority from the Office of the Commissioner of Insurance (OCI).
This packet summarizes the procedures for incorporating and licensing a domestic, for profit, health maintenance organization insurer in Wisconsin under ch. 611, Wis. Stat. Chapter 609, Wis. Stat., as created by 1985 Wisconsin Act 29, Wis. Stat., defines an HMO as "a health care plan offered by an organization established under chs. 185, 611, 613, Wis. Stat., or issued a Certificate of Authority under ch. 618, Wis. Stat., that makes available to its enrolled participants in consideration for predetermined periodic fixed payments, comprehensive health care services performed by providers selected by the organization."
Section 611.13, Wis. Stat., describes the information which must be filed with OCI to obtain a Certificate of Incorporation and a Certificate of Authority for a domestic insurance corporation. All other provisions of ch. 611, Wis. Stat., should be reviewed carefully for reference to other sections and chapters of the Wisconsin Statutes, including management of the corporation and other provisions relevant to contractual arrangements with the corporation.
The following documents must be completed and returned with the application for incorporation and licensing:
Copies of the following documents are attached for informational purposes:
Bulletin on Wisconsin Insurance LawsInformation for Newly Licensed HMOs
In addition to the items included in this packet, the application should include a letter of transmittal with an index using the identification system in this letter. An explanation for the omission of any material should accompany the application.
After review of all the materials filed with the application, and a determination that the applicant is eligible for incorporation, a Certificate of Incorporation will be issued by OCI. Written instructions will accompany the Certificate of Incorporation with regard to any additional information necessary before a Certificate of Authority will be issued.
A statutory fee of $400.00 must be filed with the initial application to help defray the costs of examining the filing. There is also an initial Certificate of Authority fee of $400.00. The applicant will be billed for this when the Certificate of Authority is issued.
Complete NAIC Company Code Application and return to NAIC as indicated.
Insurers may not solicit business or market a plan unless their forms have been approved by the Bureau of Market Regulation. Anyone marketing products of the insurer must be licensed as an agent and listed with OCI as a representative for the company.
Please file the following material with OCI in the following order:
Proposed Articles and Bylaws should be prepared in accordance with s. 611.12, Wis. Stat.
All applications for Certificates of Incorporation and Certificates of Authority for health maintenance organizations shall include a proposed business plan. In addition to the items listed in s. 611.13, Wis. Stat., the following information shall be contained in the business plan:
Organization Type. The type of organization, including whether the health maintenance organization is to be a staff model, group model, individual practice association, or a variation of these types.
Feasibility Studies and Marketing Surveys. A summary of feasibility studies or marketing surveys which support the financial and enrollment projections for the plan. These should include the potential number of enrollees for the first five years, the underwriting standards to be applied, and the method of marketing the organization.
Geographical Service Area. The geographical service area by county including a chart showing the number of primary and specialty care providers with locations and service areas by county, the method of handling emergency care, with locations of emergency care facilities, and the method of handling claims for out-of-area services.
Provider Agreements. A draft of provider agreements with sufficient detail to determine the extent of risk assumed by the provider; the method of reimbursing both primary and specialty providers, including any hold-harmless provisions; the terms for modifying or cancelling the agreement; and any method of sharing profits or recovering operating losses through assessing providers or adjusting the capitation for fee-for-service rates. Any contractual arrangements intended to cover liabilities or provide health care services must be filed with the Commissioner in final form with signatures of the parties to the agreement before the initial Certificate of Authority will be issued. In cases where identical contracts are used for several providers, the names of those who have signed the contract will suffice.
Plan Administration. A summary of how administrative services will be provided, including the size and qualifications of the administrative staff and the projected cost of administration in relation to premium income. If management authority for a major corporate function is delegated to a person outside an organization, the business plan shall include a copy of the contract. The contract shall include the services to be provided, the standards of performance for the manager, the method of payment including any provisions for the administrator to participate in the profit or losses of the plan, the duration of the contract, and any provisions for modifying, terminating, or renewing the contract. Contracts for delegated management authority shall be filed with the Commissioner under s. 611.67, Wis. Stat. The Commissioner may disapprove a contract only if the Commissioner makes one of the findings specified in s. 618.22, Wis. Stat.
Contracts with Enrollees. A summary of benefits to be offered enrollees including any limitations and exclusions and the renewability of all contracts to be written, and rates and classes of subscribers.
Quality Assurance. A summary of the quality assurance standards required by s. 609.32, Wis. Stat., that are adequate to identify, evaluate and remedy problems related to access to, and continuity and quality of, care. The standards shall address at least all of the following:
An ongoing, written internal quality assurance program.
Specific written guidelines for quality of care studies and monitoring.
Performance and clinical outcomes-based criteria.
A procedure for remedial action to address quality problems, including written procedures for taking appropriate corrective action.
A plan for gathering and assessing data.
A peer review process.
Processes for credentialing and recredentialing participating providers.
All HMO insurers licensed after July 1, 1989, under ch. 611, Wis. Stat., must meet the following financial requirements:
Minimum Permanent Surplus. The minimum initial surplus requirement shall be at least $750,000.
Initial Expendable Surplus. The initial expendable surplus requirements shall be operating funds sufficient to finance any operating deficits in the business and to prevent impairment of permanent surplus. To determine the adequacy of such funds the Commissioner shall take into account reasonable projections of enrollments, claims and administrative costs, financial guarantees given to the organization, the financial condition of any guarantors, and any other relevant information.
Insolvency Protection for Policyholders. Each health maintenance organization seeking licensure under ch. 611, Wis. Stat., must demonstrate that in the event of insolvency:
Enrollees hospitalized on the date of insolvency will be covered until discharged; and
Enrollees will be entitled to similar, alternate coverage which does not contain any medical underwriting or preexisting limitation requirements.
Setting Greater Amounts. The Commissioner may set greater amounts for permanent surplus, expendable surplus, and deposits or letter of credit on finding that the financial stability of the organization requires it.
Financial Guarantees. Financial guarantee information should include a summary of all financial guarantees by providers, sponsors, controlling affiliates, or parents, or any other guarantee which is intended to ensure the financial success of the plan. Such guarantees include, but are not limited to, hold-harmless agreements by providers, solvency insurance, reinsurance, or other guarantees.
Financial Projections. Financial projections should include projected enrollment, premiums and other income, benefits, administrative and other costs, and the projected point of break-even in terms of income compared to disbursements and enrollment. The method of funding the accumulated losses until break-even and a summary of the assumptions that are made in developing projected operating results should be included.
Materials and documents filed by existing HMOs incorporated and licensed under ch. 611, Wis. Stat., are available for your review from the Central Files Section of OCI. All such materials may be copied for a minimal fee. You are encouraged to review such files before making application for the incorporation and licensing of a ch. 611, Wis. Stat., corporation.
Questions about application procedure and licensing requirements should be addressed to:
Richard Hinkel Insurance Examiner Supervisor Bureau of Financial Analysis and Examinations (608) firstname.lastname@example.com
Michael Mancusi-Ungaro Company Licensing Specialist Bureau of Financial Analysis and Examinations (608) email@example.com
Insurers may not solicit business or market a plan unless their policy forms have been approved by the Bureau of Market Regulation of the Commissioner's Office.
The forms filing procedure is described in the Information for
Newly Licensed Health Maintenance Organizations section, along with information on marketing, soliciting, advertising, underwriting, and grievance procedures.
Questions about policy forms, premium rate filings, and marketing practices should be addressed to:
Bureau of Market Regulation Division of Regulation and Enforcement (608) firstname.lastname@example.com
Anyone who markets for the insurer must be licensed as an agent and be listed with the Insurance Commissioner's office as a representative for the company.
Questions about licensing agents should be addressed to:
Agent Licensing Section Division of Administrative Services (608) firstname.lastname@example.com
The application packet forms are available to be downloaded below.
Application Packet Forms
Note: The following address is a link to the administrative code:
The following information applies to insurers operating as health maintenance organizations and addresses frequently noted problems. Insurers are encouraged to review chs. 600 to 646, Wis. Stat., and the Wisconsin Administrative Code, Rules of the Commissioner of Insurance, before drafting policy forms or developing marketing campaigns in Wisconsin. Chapter 609, Wis. Stat., and s. Ins 3.50, Wis. Adm. Code, contain specific requirements for health maintenance organizations. Approved policy forms are available for review in the Commissioner's Office during regular business hours. Insurers may find it helpful to review approved forms before drafting their own documents.
Newly licensed HMOs should be aware that there are strict requirements regarding advertising and marketing practices in Wisconsin. See s. Ins 3.27, Wis. Adm. Code.
HMOs may not advertise specific benefits or rates or accept applications until policy forms are filed with and approved by the Market Regulation Bureau. Advertisement is broadly defined in s. Ins 3.27 (5), Wis. Adm. Code. If you are contemplating marketing activities prior to approval of your forms, you may wish to contact the Bureau of Market Regulation staff at (608) 266-0103 for further information.
In most cases, HMOs must use licensed insurance agents to market policies. See s. 628.02, Wis. Stat., for the definition of who is considered an agent.
Forms must be filed under s. 631.20, Wis. Stat., and s. Ins 6.05, Wis. Adm. Code. The rule outlines the contents of the filing letter and the use of Certificate of Compliance.
All individual policy forms and group certificate forms must be in simplified language. A certification of readability required by s. Ins 6.07, Wis. Adm. Code, must accompany each filing.
Rate filings for individual contracts must be accompanied by a statement of the anticipated loss ratio, and a rate filing transmittal form. See s. Ins 3.13 (6), Wis. Adm. Code.
For group policy forms submit the following:
Master policy
Policyholder application
Certificate holder enrollment form
Riders, endorsements (if any)
For individual policy forms submit the following:
Premium rates
The list below contains some but not all of the required contract provisions for HMOs policy forms. Review subchapter 6 of ch. 632, Wis. Stat., for more specific requirements and restrictions. If you have a question about the applicability of a contract provision to your particular policy, call the Bureau of Market Regulation at (608) 266-0103 for assistance before drafting your policy forms.
Required definitions: s. Ins 3.50 (9) (a), Wis. Adm. Code.
Required disclosures, including the location of all exclusions, limitations and exceptions in one section: s. Ins 3.50 (9) (b), Wis. Adm. Code.
Grievance procedures: s. 609.15, Wis. Stat., and s. Ins 3.50 (10), Wis. Adm. Code.
Disenrollment procedures: s. Ins 3.50 (12), Wis. Adm. Code.
Coordination of benefits - only applies to group policy forms: s. Ins 3.40, Wis. Adm. Code.
Coverage for adopted children: s. 632.896, Wis. Stat.
Mandated Benefits:
Policy extension for handicapped children: s. 632.88, Wis. Stat.
Alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental/nervous disorders for group policies: s. 632.89, Wis. Stat.
Home care: s. 632.895 (1) and (2), Wis. Stat.
Skilled nursing care: s. 632.895 (3), Wis. Stat.
Kidney disease treatment: s. 632.895 (4), Wis. Stat.
Coverage of newborn infants: s. 632.895 (5), Wis. Stat., and s. Ins 3.38, Wis. Adm. Code.
Equipment and supplies for treatment of diabetics: s. 632.895 (6), Wis. Stat. It is the position of this office that insulin is considered to be a supply rather than a drug as far as policy limitations are considered.
Maternity coverage for dependent children: s. 632.895 (7), Wis. Stat.--applies to group coverage.
Coverage of mammograms: s. 632.895 (8), Wis. Stat.
Coverage of drugs for HIV infection: s. 632.895 (9), Wis. Stat.
Lead poisoning screening: s. 632.895 (10), Wis. Stat.
Temporomandibular disorders: s. 632.895 (11), Wis. Stat.
Facility charges and anesthetics for certain dental care: s. 632.895 (12), Wis. Stat.
Breast reconstruction: s. 632.895 (13), Wis. Stat.
Chiropractic services: s. 632.87 (3), Wis. Stat.
Dentist services: s. 632.87 (4), Wis. Stat.
Certain nurse practitioner services: s. 632.87 (5), Wis. Stat.
Special requirements for individual policies: s. Ins 3.13, Wis. Adm. Code.
Special requirements for group policies: s. Ins 3.14, Wis. Adm. Code.
Grace period for Payment of Premiums: ss. 632.78 and 632.79, Wis. Stat.
Termination and/or change of policy terms: s. 631.36, Wis. Stat., s. 632.749, Wis. Stat., s. 632.7495, Wis. Stat.
Continuation and conversion: s. 632.897, Wis. Stat.
Conversion policies: ss. Ins 3.41, 3.42, 3.43, and 3.45, Wis. Adm. Code.
Standards for disability insurance sold to the Medicare eligible: s. Ins 3.39, Wis. Adm. Code.
Standards for disability insurance sold to small employers with 2-25 employees: ch. 635, Wis. Stat., and ch. Ins 8, Wis. Adm. Code.
Standards for disability insurance sold to employer groups: ss. 632.745 - 632.748, Wis. Stat.
If the insurer plans to underwrite, the insurer should review ss. Ins 3.28 and Ins 3.31, Wis. Adm. Code, the restrictions on use of genetic test results in s. 631.89, Wis. Stat., and HIV test results in s. 631.90, Wis. Stat., and s. Ins 3.53, Wis. Adm. Code.
Replacement forms - applies to replacement of individual policies only. See s. Ins 3.29, Wis. Adm. Code.
HMOs are required to keep records of complaints and grievances for three years, and to file an annual report summarizing the grievances each year: ss. 609.15 (1) and (2), Wis. Stat., and s. Ins 3.50 (10) (g), Wis. Adm. Code.
A Designation of Registered Agent for Service of Process (OCI 12-014) form is available to be downloaded below.
Designation of Registered Agent for Service of ProcessFill and Print Version
NAIC Company Code Application
A link to the NAIC Company Code Application form is provided below for your convenience.
NAIC Company Code Application
Please direct questions to:
email@example.com (please include your name, phone number, and email address).


text: Student Union The Student Union (SHSG) is the official body representing our students. It is the umbrella organisation for student activities. The Student Union at the University of St. Gallen (SHSG) has been the official representative body of all students since 1921 and counts over 200 dedicated volunteer members. As a politically neutral component body of the university it represents the interests of the students towards all stakeholder groups of the university and offers a wide range of services related to student life. Participation in all university bodies Representing the students' interests mainly entails participation in all university bodies and in a number of commissions of the academic self-administration. Among the services offered are the gastronomical establishments [ad]hoc and Meeting Point, the relaxation room, the student magazine Prisma, and the Ressort International. Continuous development as a focus Among the focus areas of the Student Union are the continuous development of the university, improvements in teaching and campus life as well as the enrichment of cultural and leisure offers. The coordination of over 100 societies active at the university is also among its tasks. Structure The two most important institutions are the Board, which leads the operative activities of the Student Union under the leadership of an executive presidential team of two, and the Student Parliament which acts as legislative body by determining strategic goals with its decisions.


text:
Federal aviation officials are investigating Tuesday night's single-engine plane crash in Florida that seriously injured the pilot, a former Butler County man, and killed his passenger.
Chase D. Zinn, 23, of Dayton Beach, formerly of Prospect, remains in the Halifax Health Medical Center with serious injuries, according to the Volusia County Sheriff's Office. Nandish Patel, 22, of Titusville, Crawford County died in the wreck.
Authorities said Zinn, a 2013 graduate of Slippery Rock High School, was piloting the plane about 7:30 p.m. when it crashed during takeoff at the Spruce Creek Airport in Port Orange.
The two-seat Cessna 140 "narrowly missed hitting a home," said sheriff's office spokewsoman Laura Williams in a news release.
Patel was pronounced dead at the scene. Zinn was taken by ambulance to the hospital and admitted in critical condition.
A representative from the National Transportation Safety Board arrived that night to begin an investigation. The Federal Aviation Administration is assisting.
Zinn's family owned the plane, authorities said, which was removed from the scene and is being examined as part of the investigation,
Zinn is a flight instructor, according to his Facebook page. He graduated from the Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University in Prescott, Fla.
There was no answer this morning at his family's home in Prospect.
A full story will appear in the Butler Eagle.


text:
ibooks, 2002 - 301 sidor
Edwin P. Wilson was the Great Gatsby of the spook world, the rogue CIA agent who had already begun to amass a fortune while still in U.S intelligence. His lavish estate outside Washington, D.C. was a favoured gathering place for senators and congressmen, admirals and generals, for key intelligence officers. In addition, Wilson was also raking in millions in the service of the godfather of world-wide terrorism - Libya's Colonel Muamar el-Qaddafi. Wilson seemed above the law. Then, US attorney Larry Barcella discovered Wilson's sinister machinations, and in a chase that would go on for nearly four years and over three continents, Barcella began a manhunt that would not end until Wilson was brought to justice.
In MANHUNT, Peter Maas went behind the headlines, gaining access to the secret documentation of Wilson's intelligence career, classified federal investigative reports and sealed court records. And in the course of his exhaustive research into the murky bypaths of espionage and deception, he turned over rocks that official Washington would have much preferred remained in place.
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agency agent airport American attorney Barcella Barcella asked Barcella thought BATF bomb called Carol Bruce cella CIA's contract Coughlin Cuban Dick Pedersen Dominican Republic Doritty EATSCO Edwin Ernie explosives Fahringer Frank Terpil fugitives Geneva Glanzer going gotten Goulding grand jury Green Berets guns Hajazzi Harper Heath Hersh Houston indictment intelligence interview Justice Department Keats Keiser Kevin Mulcahy knew Langley Larry lawyer Letelier Libya London look Loomis Luke Thompson Malta Marbod meeting ment Mount Airy murder National Security Nielsen ofthe Okay operation Orlando Letelier passport Pedersen and Wadsworth Phil Tucker plane Propper Qaddafi Quintero Rafael Quintero records Richard Rick Otto Roberta Barnes Safir Schlachter Senussi ship Slocombe Tafoya talk Task Force 157 tell terrorist Theodore Shackley thing tion told Barcella Tripoli Tucker U.S. Attorney's Office wanted Washington wife Wilson and Terpil Wilson told York


text: Octopuses (yes, THAT is the correct plural of octopus) are cephalopods—a class name derived from the Greek word cephalopoda, meaning "head-feet." These incredibly unique animals are characterized by their bilateral symmetry, a body shape that primarily includes a large head and set of arms or tentacles. Out of the 800 identified living species of cephalopods, 300 are octopuses! Octopus Infographic Click for full infographic Octopuses are mollusks, related to squid, clams and snails. Like squid, they are cephalopods, meaning "head-foot," so named because the feet (arms) are attached to the head. The bulbous sack-like body, or mantle, is perched atop the head; the mouth and beak are on the underside, where the arms converge. Octopuses have a highly developed brain and acute vision. These masters of camouflage can quickly change the color and texture of their skin to match the background. By rapidly drawing water into the mantle and expelling it through the tube-like siphon, they can jet themselves backward, away from danger. Did You Know? This master of camouflage can quickly change the color and texture of its skin. Diet Newly hatched octopuses are small enough to be part of the plankton (small, microscopic organisms), so their food is equally small—copepods and larval crabs and seastars. Adults feed on crabs, clams, snails, small fishes and even other octopuses. The octopus typically pounces on its target, enveloping it with its inter-arm webbing and using its beak to break open hard-shelled prey. Size This is the largest species of octopus in the world. While common lore suggests these giant invertebrates can reach more than 30 feet (9.1 m) across and weigh more than 600 pounds (272 kg), more reliable reports put the record-holder at 400 pounds (182 kg) with an arm span of 25 feet (7.6 m). Range The giant Pacific octopus is common to the intertidal zone to depths of nearly 2,500 feet (750 m). It ranges from southern California, northward along the coast of North America, across the Aleutian Islands and southward to Japan. Population Status This octopus is common throughout its range. However, larger specimens (over 100 pounds, or 45.4 kilograms) are seldom seen, suggesting changes in population health or age composition. Predators Many young, larval octopuses are lost to predators. Only the largest fish (such as halibut and ling cod) and marine mammals are any threat to adults. Humans collect the giant Pacific octopus for food, for display in aquariums and for use as bait in other fisheries. Back to the Top


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The management of Hitachi Construction Machinery Europe NV (HCME) intends to move the production and assembly activities currently taking place in Oosterhout to the existing HCME production location in Amsterdam. - Fri, 29 May 2020 01:32:00 CESTThe First Combined AEM Hall of Fame Class Twelve Years Later
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i installed the snow leopard 10.6.1 seed this am and now spamsieve comains that it's not compatible with mail 4.1. anything i can do here?
Mac OS X 10.6.1
same thing
also installed 10.6.1 and it says not compatible. Tried the terminal command mentioned in another post and got "cannot open" when I tried again got "(No such file or directory)". Reinstalled the program and got same thing. When I went to get info it shows as a Universal program and not an intel. Ideas?
Mac OS X 10.6.1 is under NDA. If you would like to try a pre-release version of SpamSieve, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
If the Terminal command:
file ~/Library/Mail/Bundles/SpamSieve.mailbundle/Contents/MacOS/SpamSieve
doesn't work, that's probably because your SpamSieve plug-in isn't installed. Get Info is not suitable because it can only tell whether the executable is universal (PowerPC and Intel), not whether it's 64-bit. I think the only reason for it not to be 64-bit would be if you had run a "slimming" utility. Don't do that.
Me too
After upgrading to 10.6.1, Mail disables the plugin at startup. I restored the plug and ran the file command:
/Users/aferguson/Library/Mail/Bundles/SpamSieve.mailbundle/Contents/MacOS/SpamSieve: Mach-O universal binary with 4 architectures
/Users/aferguson/Library/Mail/Bundles/SpamSieve.mailbundle/Contents/MacOS/SpamSieve (for architecture i386): Mach-O bundle i386
/Users/aferguson/Library/Mail/Bundles/SpamSieve.mailbundle/Contents/MacOS/SpamSieve (for architecture ppc7400): Mach-O bundle ppc
/Users/aferguson/Library/Mail/Bundles/SpamSieve.mailbundle/Contents/MacOS/SpamSieve (for architecture ppc64): Mach-O 64-bit bundle ppc64
/Users/aferguson/Library/Mail/Bundles/SpamSieve.mailbundle/Contents/MacOS/SpamSieve (for architecture x86_64): Mach-O 64-bit bundle x86_64
The Console message was:
09/04/2009 04 Sep-13:30:14 Mail[4431]
Plugin compatibility check failed for SpamSieve.mailbundle. The plugin's Info.plist must have a SupportedPluginCompatibilityUUIDs key whose value is an array of strings that contains the compatibility UUIDs for the supported versions of the Mail application and Message framework. The compatibility UUID values are found in the PluginCompatibilityUUID key of their respective Info.plists
This version is now publicly available as SpamSieve 2.7.6.
Re: MacOS X 10.6.1
I downloaded this most recent update and installed it, told SpamSieve to install the plugin, but the Apple Mail program in 10.6.1 still tells me it disables it when Mail is launched.
Which version does SpamSieve report when you choose "About SpamSieve" from the "SpamSieve" menu?
Re: MacOS X 10.6.1
The About Box indicates 2.7.6.
Includes Plug-In Versions:
Apple Mail: 1.4.4 (10.5, 10.6); 1.3.1 (10.4)
(I'm not using the Eudora or Thunderbird Plugins.)
Re: MacOS X 10.6.1
Okay that's strange! I quit Apple Mail again, and told the SpamSieve to install the Plug-in a second time and it worked! Now that I think about it, I'm not sure I did a Repair Permissions after I installed 10.6.1, not sure if that would make a difference.
Seems to be working fine after my second install.
I got it all working… however:
Still I encounter something strange:
Whenever Spamsieve found a spam mail (which it does as well as it did in previous versions), in OSX 10.6.1 it automatically puts itself to the foreground and opens the Statistics window. Very strange behaviour.
Strange, yes. I've heard no other reports of that, and I think the only code in SpamSieve that auto-opens the Statistics window is when it first launches and finds that the corpus is empty.
10.6.1 woes
Hi Michael:
I upgraded to 10.6.1 two days ago and SpamSieve promptly stopped loading when Mail starts. I've tried removing it entirely from the system and reinstalling a fresh copy, which you've recommended to others, and that's not working. Any advice?
Please define "stopped loading." Have you tried choosing "Install Apple Mail Plug-In" from the SpamSieve menu?
Hi Michael:
When I opened Mail, SpamSieve would not open with it. I had installed the Apple Mail Rule from within SpamSieve.
I just noticed something else, though – on install, Snow Leopard disabled the SpamSieve Rule but none of my other rules. I had activated it on my previous attempt but had not noticed something else: Snow Leopard also changed the second line of the Rule to read "Move Message to mailbox Mail" instead of "Move Message to mailbox Spam." I've corrected this and will let you know if it solves the problem.
Well, it's not necessarily supposed to.
I'm sorry, I should have been more specific. SpamSieve was not opening when mail arrived, which almost always happens when I've been away from the computer and am reopening Mail.
Since I posted last, I received several pieces of mail, and SpamSieve opened properly. So far so good; if it sorts out the spam, I'm fine.
What really surprised me was not so much that the SpamSieve Rule was disabled, but that it was actually changed.
All good now
Hi Michael:
Pleased to report that after reinstalling SpamSieve from a clean copy and rebuilding the SpamSieve rule in Mail after Snow Leopard deactivated and modified it, all's working fine now. Thanks again for the time you put into this software; it's worth every penny.
Spam Sieve disable since 10.6 install
hi, all previous suggestions don't seem to solve this for me.
As soon as I installed Snow Leopard, and stared up Mail… I got a message saying that Mail has disable the ' Incompatible Plug in' Spam Sieve.
Then all my mail including good and spam , went into the SPAM mailbox…
I've tried reinstalling etc… but no joy…
Please can you help… it's making life a real pain !
Please make sure that you are using SpamSieve 2.7.6 (you can tell by choosing "About SpamSieve" from the SpamSieve menu) and then choose "Install Apple Mail Plug-In" from the SpamSieve menu. Also, please look in the folders:
What do you see there?
Hi Michael,
I have 2.7.6 running and I did Install the plug in for Apple Mail previously. I've checked the folders and in <username>/Library/Mail/Bundles … there is a folder called SpamSieve.mailbundle , but there is also another folder in /Mail called Bundles (Disabled) with nothing in it.
However… in /Library/Mail/Bundles there are the same folders, but an additional 20 or so folders called Bundles (Disabled 1), Bundles (Disabled 2) etc etc…
One folder called Bundles ( Disabled) has a PersonalAntispamForMail.mailbundle in it , which was was part of an Intego Antispam program, but I had uninstalled it ages ago.