text:
Flight? Wouldn't that 'flight' thing just a non-verbal self-'Wigardium Leviosa', very hard to accomplish without being an advanced wizard?--Kirochi 19:32, 2 September 2007 (UTC)
- Possibly not. In Quidditch Through the Ages (real), it notes that no spell exists to make a wizard truly fly. Until Voldemort does it in Deathly Hallows, it is unheard of. - Cavalier One 22:39, 2 September 2007 (UTC)
- Oh, right (same person speaking than above, my nickname's Kirochi). But does Wingardium Leviosa work on living beings, such as Humans? Kennilworthy Whisp could just have meant that none has ever tried it on himself, let alone without a wand and non-verbally.--Kirochi
- Quidditch Through the Ages (real) lists the following methods of flying without a broom - transfiguration into a flying animal (although you lose you Human self in the process), and being an Animagus and turning into a flying animal. Wizards can perform levitation spells to hover approx. five feet off the ground, and this may be Wingardium Leviosa or a variation such as Levicorpus. To my knowledge, Wingardium Leviosa has never been used in such a fashion in the books - in Deathly Hallows, when he sees Hagrid falling, Harry tries to Summon him rather than levitate him. - Cavalier One 22:38, 7 September 2007 (UTC)
- Oh, right (same person speaking than above, my nickname's Kirochi). But does Wingardium Leviosa work on living beings, such as Humans? Kennilworthy Whisp could just have meant that none has ever tried it on himself, let alone without a wand and non-verbally.--Kirochi
Quirrel does it in the Philosopher's Stone, but then again, it may be due to his connection with Voldemort (sort of like Harry speaking Parseltongue). Happychickenvermin 03:05, April 19, 2010 (UTC)
Regardless of how the flight is possible I fail to see how it would matter as flight hardly is a magic that causes harm, even if it is a practice of Voldemort. You see, if Voldemort were to pick boogers out of his now non-existent nose that would be gross - but not evil. I'm also fairly sure that he eats and sleeps every now and then, but neither eating or sleeping is evil for that. It just might be that the evil bastard managed to invent some disturbingly useful piece of magic inbetween murdering muggles and muggle-borns. Aryllia 08:16, April 24, 2012 (UTC)
Antonin Dolohov's Curse
I added the curse Dolohov used in the Battle of the Department of Mysteries to the list of Dark curses. It seems to cause significant internal injury - this is the passage about Hermione's suffering of it from the last chapter of OotP:
- She winced slightly and put a hand to her ribs. The curse Dolohov had used on her, though less effective than it would have been had he been able to say the incantation aloud, had nevertheless caused, in Madam Pomfrey's words, `quite enough damage to be going on with'. Hermione was having to take ten different types of potion every day...
That implies that Hermione suffered considerable internal damage from the curse - and it was weaker than it normally would have been, if said aloud. She also seems to be suffering mild pain, even though Harry notes that she is "improving greatly". Also, when Dolohov first uses it on her:
- Dolohov grinned. With his free hand, he pointed from the prophecy still clutched in Harry's hand, to himself, then at Hermione. Though he could no longer speak, his meaning could not have been clearer: Give me the prophecy, or you get the same as her…
- "Like you won't kill us all anyway, the moment I hand it over!" said Harry.
That implies that the curse is potentially fatal. We don't see it any other time either, so I doubt it has a different, less nasty use. 126.96.36.199 17:38, 25 February 2008 (UTC)
Merge with Dark Magic?
This article and Dark Magic overlap a great deal, but this one seems to be more comprehensive. I think the two should be merged, unless there is an actual difference between the two, which should be made clearer. Oread 03:51, 6 April 2008 (UTC)
Did not Harry Potter and Delores Umbridge practice dark magic?
I added earlier that both did, but it was removed.
Harry Potter cast Crucio twice (once on Bellatrix Lestrange, once on Amycus Carrow) and Sectumsempra twice (once on Draco Malfoy, once on Severus Snape).
Delores Umbridge almost cast Crucio once (on Harry), released dementors on Harry in London, and had Harry write with a quill that literally drained blood from his hand and caused a scar on the back of his hand of what he was writing ("I must not tell lies").
I am fairly sure these incidents are both in the books and movies. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Nochthikus (talk • contribs).
- Yes they did. But you cannot say that the sporadic use of one or two curses over the course of one's entire life is "practising" the Dark Arts. They used it, but didn't practise them. -- Seth Cooper owl post! 02:46, 6 August 2009 (UTC)
- I agree with Seth that occasionally using Dark Magic doesn't make someone a practitioner of the Dark Arts. After all, people are only human, and they're bound to make mistakes sometimes, acting out of anger, fear, necessity, or a well-meaning but misguided desire to help. It's kind of like how Snape isn't a pure-blood supremacist because he called Lily a "Mudblood" once in a moment of vulnerability. However, while I don't think Harry's three Crucios make him a Dark wizard (the second Crucio was aimed at, and blocked by, Snape in HBP28), I'm less sure about Umbridge. Harry used Crucio in anger, and Imperio out of necessity, but Umbridge used the blood quill in a much more calculated and self-serving manner. ★ Starstuff (Owl me!) 08:56, 15 August 2009 (UTC)
Logical fallacies and missing evidence
"The Dark Arts are generally regarded as corrupting those who use them." --
'Are regarded' - by whom and where? In general Fantasy literature? I don't remember anyone in HP Canon 'regarding' them as such. That they are 'addicting' and 'corrupting' seems to be Fanon invented.
"After engaging in them extensively for many years, even Tom Marvolo Riddle's appearance demonstrated his corruption — he lost his former handsomeness, eventually taking on serpentine physical qualities and red eyes" --
At the very least, this is questionable. Yes, he looked changed, and yes, he *probably* used Dark Magic, but does that necessarily have to mean that the two parts are correlated? To offer an alternate explanation, I always assumed that it were the Horcruxes he made that changed his appearance. That *assumption* would work just as well. There's no hard evidence to make *either* more than an assumption.
"Albus Dumbledore, in particular, suggested that engaging in the Dark Arts was damaging to the soul; for instance, he told Severus Snape that Draco Malfoy's soul was "not yet so damaged" that he would be capable of murder, and that if he did go through with murder, his soul would be "ripped apart"" --
He did not suggest that! He repeats what we already knew, that *killing* damages your soul, the idea behind the Horcrux magic. That has nothing to do with the Dark Arts in general!
"This suggests that using very Dark magic, such as the Killing Curse, damages an individual's soul." --
That's a logical fallacy. 'Because a is part of b, and a is x, it means that the entirety of b is x as well.' It's hasty generalisation; we don't know nearly enough Dark Arts spells and how they work to conclude that *every* use of Dark Magic damages the soul, just because one(!) particular spell does.
"Powerful Dark spells also require malicious intent in order to be successful. To cast the Cruciatus Curse, for instance, one must truly desire to cause pain in and of itself, according to Bellatrix Lestrange" --
Same here. Just because the Cruciatus curse needs the desire to cause pain to work efficiently, does not mean that every other spell needs malicious intent as well. For that matter, when Harry successfully cast the Sectumsempra on Draco, he had no actual intent at all -- because he didn't even know what the spell would do.
"Injuries caused by Dark magic never fully heal, such as George Weasley's ear after it was cut off by a Sectumsempra he was struck with during the Battle over Little Whinging" --
In general, that article could work if it was made clear that these are all assumptions, some more likely, others less so. However, stating it as facts and absolutes ("Injuries caused by Dark magic never fully heal"), as well as using interpretations of quotes as opposed to the quotes themselves as evidence, is simply not any acceptable kind way to either present an argument or write an article for a lexicon. -- 16:03, 24 September 2009 (UTC)
I agree that most of what you mentioned are assumptions, but it is heavily implied in the series. For example, every practicioner of the Dark Arts is a rotten human being and when Snape turned good Dumbledore implied that he also had to give up the DA. As for the bit about the malicious intent, well again it is strongly implied that all DM works in this way. Bellatrix even says "You have to mean them." Magic in HP is heavily governed by emotion and intent, so presumably, Dark Magic requires an intent to do serious damage and exert your own power over that of another sentient being. However, it shoud say "limbs removed by DM never fully heal," as that was the specific wording in DH and indeed Hermione fully recovered Dolohov's curse. Squall L. 08:20, April 26, 2012 (UTC)Squall L.
Could this article be given the "class infobox" as it is taught at Durmstrang, and briefly at Hogwarts? Jayce •Avada Kedavra•Crucio•Imperio• 12:03, January 11, 2010 (UTC)
I think we should. Or possibly create a seperate article Dark Arts (class)? Sirius tells Harry at the fireplace that Karkaroff himself taght the Dark Arts in Durmstrang.--Rodolphus 14:17, April 24, 2010 (UTC)
Dark Witch?
Given that she practiced the Dark Arts, supported the Voldemort controlled Ministry, and was imprisoned for Crimes against Muggle-borns, shouldn't she be considered a Dark Witch? --JKoch(Owl Me!) 03:05, July 14, 2010 (UTC)
- She didn't practise the Dark Arts. So, no.
Bellatrix Lestrange's Curse
Didn't Bellatrix Lestrange use a curse to kill Sirius Black? It's not listed here, or even on the list of spells. 126.96.36.199 16:35, November 30, 2010 (UTC)
- She used an unknown spell. It is likely that it isn't listed, b/c there isn't an article for it. --JKoch(Owl Me!) 17:12, November 30, 2010 (UTC)
Do Bellatrix Lestrange's and Antonin Dolohov's curses get you a life sentence in Azkaban? (They kill people, don't they) And what about if you put someone under the imperius curse to break an imperius curse they are already on, or use the cruciatus curse for 1 second like Harry did to Bella? How about if you use the Killing curse or another fatal curse or an unforgivable curse on a bad guy? (You don't get sent to jail in the muggle world if you shoot a bad guy and kill him) How about during a duel or during a battle. It is apparently not that bad, since Aurors were allowed to use the unforgivable curses on possible Death Eaters. 220.127.116.11 16:41, November 30, 2010 (UTC)
- We don't know if Bella used a or some other spell. As for Dolohov, it is likely that few people ever saw it, so it widely known enough to be made unforgivable. It seems to me, that the good guys never aimed to kill in the story. Also, under very special circumstances, one might be given a reprieve. Also, Harry's curse on Bella had no witnesses, thus, no one knew he did it; therefore, he was not punished. Also, under Voldemort's reign it is likely that the spells were no longer illegal. Thanks, --JKoch(Owl Me!) 17:15, November 30, 2010 (UTC)
During the First Wizarding War, Aurors were allowed to use the Unforgivable curses on possible suspects, but could they actually kill them? Also if they could, could they use any other curse that killed, and could they use any curse they wanted. What happened if the person ended up being innocent. And could anyone use it on possible suspects? And did they get to use it whenever they wanted? 220.127.116.11 16:45, November 30, 2010 (UTC)
- Again, I don't believe Aurors would kill other than in self-defense. They would probably also use the Unforgivables sparingly, as well. --JKoch(Owl Me!) 17:17, November 30, 2010 (UTC)
How do we know Regulus Black practiced the dark arts?
How do we know Regulus practiced the dark arts?Abrawak 16:57, April 17, 2011 (UTC)
Seeing as he was once a death eater, it is rightfully assumed. -- Ratneer Owl Me! 17:42, April 17, 2011 (UTC)
Separate Page
I think the "Dark Spells" section needs its own page, with less description here and more there. At first I thought this subsection was sufficient but then I realised we have several separate ones for curses and the like and not one for the collective term used to refer to them, which doesn't make sense.Green Zubat 04:07, July 2, 2011 (UTC)
- And another thing, the table we have of dark spells used isn;t really that, its a list of curses...why? That's what the curse page was for. Green Zubat 04:09, July 2, 2011 (UTC)
- But Jinx, Hex, and Curse are all used and defined seperately in canon. When is "Dark Spell" ever used? 220.127.116.11 04:56, July 2, 2011 (UTC)
- Well its used on this page, for a start. Besides, the usage of the term "dark" as an adjective for another word to describe its affiliation with this type of magic is canonical so it logically follows that spells which pertain to this type of magic may be termed "Dark Spells" (which - I'm guessing - is why it is used on the main Dark Arts page). And even aside form all that, this wiki uses non-canonical titles fr articles all the time (hence the existence of the "Are you a wizard or not?" template) so even if it wasn't a canonical title we could sitll use it and stick that on it.Green Zubat 05:21, July 2, 2011 (UTC)
- But non-canon titles are only used when there is no known canon title. The other terms are canon, this isn't. 126.96.36.199 05:29, July 2, 2011 (UTC)
- I agree is no known canon title for the general group to which jinxes, hexes & curses belong (for which purpose the term "Dark Spell" is being used) but that doesn't mean we can't use it. After all, it would be messier to have three separate pages for them than just one. Besides - as I already mentioned - its not a completely uncanonical term considering my comments earlier about the use of the word "dark" when applied adjectivally to words. In light of all this information I think we can safely use the termGreen Zubat 05:56, July 2, 2011 (UTC)
Clarification of Practitioners
I'm a little confused by the additions of Professor McGonagall and Narcissa Malfoy to the list of "known practitioners" of the Dark Arts. I can't remember Professor McGonagall using any specifically dark or Unforgiveable spells during the Battle of Hogwarts or at any other major conflict during the series. The only thing that strikes me is her warning to Slughorn about a duel to the death if he tried to help the Death Eaters, but she did not need to follow through. As for Narcissa, I know she married one Death Eater and raised another, but I don't recall any evidence that she actually practiced any dark spells. There is nothing to suggest that she is branded with the Dark Mark, since she only participates in the proceedings that occur at her house, and she is never shown participating in a duel. I think the most we can assume is that she is an unpleasant person with questionable acquaintences, but not necessarily a practitioner of the Dark Arts. Thoughts?
- McGonagall used the Imperius Curse on the Carrows in Deathly Hallows. As for Narcissa, I believe our categorization of her as a Dark witch is merely based off Dobby's comment in Goblet of Fire that the Malfoys were all "bad dark wizards", presumably including Narcissa. I also assume she can probably use Dark Magic in the LEGO games, but that's just an assumption. -- 1337star (Owl Post) 19:03, January 9, 2012 (UTC)
- Thank you for the clarification on Professor McGonagall, I had forgotten about that scene. With respect to Narcissa, while I agree with the logic behind assuming Dobby's statement includes her with the rest of the family as being a practitioner of the Dark Arts, it's a lot easier to say "everyone is evil" rather than "well, everyone is evil, except for the one woman who is just mean but not actually evil." If there is evidence from the video games that Narcissa uses Dark magic than I am all for supporting her inclusion in this list, however as it stands I feel like the lack of evidence of her using Dark spells should outweigh a passing comment by Dobby. 22.214.171.124 01:07, March 1, 2012 (UTC)
Ethical considerations
Under "Ethical Considerations" it says, "The only exception to [the fact that all dark magic can be concievably used for good] is the Horcrux, the creation of which is an entirely selfish act - taking a life in order to prolong one's own."
I'd reckon that, assuming you use Avada Kedavra for a "good" reason, and if it splits your soul, simply taking advantage of the opportunity to become immortal wouldn't necessarily be evil. This is also assuming that the ritual used to make a horcrux is simply disgusting like a rotting carcass (as it reportedly made an editor vomit when J.K. elaborated upon it) rather than morally disgusting.
Furthermore, if you then go on to do thousands of good things that you otherwise wouldn't have had time to do given a normal human lifespan, it's arguable that the creation of the horcrux was a good thing on the whole.
22.214.171.124 10:26, January 9, 2012 (UTC)
That is an interesting point of view. But I think that the 'use of Avada Kedavra for a "good" reason' would not split the soul, so that all could not happen. Harry granger Talk contribs 19:02, January 9, 2012 (UTC)


text:
Airbus A380-800
From the drawing board to the skies
Airbus A380-800
Jürgen Thomas is one of the 20th century's most important aviation pioneers. We talked to the man responsible for developing the Airbus A380.
Lufthansa Magazin: You have been dubbed the "father of the Airbus A380."
Jürgen Thomas: The A380 has many fathers. Teamwork is essential for a huge project like this.
But someone has overall responsibility, surely?
I always saw it as my responsibility to motivate my team. You may find it hard to believe, but that wasn't even necessary.
The Boeing 747 took just two and a half years to complete. Development began in April 1966 and the jumbo jet was ready for rollout in September 1968. How was that possible?
The term "rollout" is deceptive. What counts is when the aircraft took its maiden flight, and that was in 1969. It actually took four years for Boeing to deliver an airworthy plane, and even that was incredibly fast. The making of the 747 will be remembered as a huge feat in aviation history.
Developing the A380 took over a decade.
There were just under four and a half years between the official go-ahead in December 2000 and its maiden flight in April 2005. But extensive preliminary work had been done in the years before that, of course. You cannot really compare the two aircraft. There are 40 years of technical development between them. The 747 has also continuously undergone further development. If I compare the technology of the Volkswagen I drove in 1968 with the technical features of my current car, they are worlds apart. When I get a new car, it takes me days to find out all it can do.
Looking back, you spent your first 12 years with Airbus heading the A310 design program before taking charge of the A300-600 development program…
… yes, and we worked right alongside Jürgen Weber, who later became Lufthansa CEO and then Chairman of the Supervisory Board. He was head of engineering at Lufthansa in those days and one of the most important people in aviation anywhere in the world. He also had a highly competent team working with him. One of the key people at Lufthansa back then was Reinhardt Abraham, Vice President of Engineering, and also a pioneer. It was he who made the Lufthansa fleet what it is today.
In 1992, Airbus and Boeing discussed building a VLCT (Very Large Commercial Transport) aircraft. You were appointed European Director but the project was abandoned after only three years. Why?
There were antitrust issues and the Europeans lacked the political will to go it alone.
In April 1996 you began developing the A3XX, which later became the A380. What triggered that decision?
We realized around the middle of 1995 that it was pointless to collaborate with the Americans. The French were all in favor of a European solution anyway, so we set to work.
How many different variants of a wide-body aircraft did you consider?
The structure people naturally wanted a circular body, but practical considerations favored a vertical double bubble.
Sounds like chewing gum.
It just means two circles on top of each other. We also investigated the possibility of a horizontal double bubble, but in that scenario, too many people would have sat too far away from a window. In the end, we opted for a vertical oval. It was a similar situation with the cockpit. We examined every possible position between the upper and main deck and ultimately went for a mezzanine cockpit right between the decks.
Can you give us an example of a typical problem you had to contend with?
There were hundreds.
One will do.
The slides. We had trouble finding a solution for the emergency slides, without which the plane would not have been licensed. The slides drop down out of the plane from eight meters up and must be able to withstand all weather and winds up to 30 knots. We carried out endless trials with our suppliers before we finally got what we needed. It was crucial to ensure that the 853 passengers for which the aircraft was to be licensed, could be evacuated within 90 seconds.
You began actual development of the A380 on December 19, 2000 following a predevelopment period of just over four years. One year later, Lufthansa ordered the first A380s.
Lufthansa was our first customer for the A300, too, and did more to help us get established than any other airline.
Did everything go smoothly or did you encounter obstacles?
We had some tough discussions. Remember, Lufthansa was investing in a totally new enterprise and in a totally new aircraft. We had no idea how things would work out. Lufthansa's expertise helped us to develop the cockpits and cabins, but also to avoid making mistakes with the airports. After all, as aircraft makers, we don't fly scheduled services.
Is there anything about the A380 that really takes your breath away?
The wing, which, to be honest, had us worried at first. A wing almost 60 percent larger than that of the 747! Could we do it? We produced countless blueprints. In the end, our people in Filton came up with the perfect design. Compared with its geometry on the ground, in an unstressed state, the wing looks very different in the air, when it is exposed to aerodynamic forces. I never dreamed we could hit the bull's eye so well. It was a combination of good performance and good luck.
The A380 is not only the largest, but also the fastest aircraft in the Airbus program. What were you aiming for here?
The A380 is our first Mach 0.85 aircraft, but it can also be flown economically at Mach 0.86 or 0.87. We wanted our running costs and fuel consumption per seat to be 20 percent less than those of the Boeing 747-400 – and we succeeded.
Can you fly an airplane?
I can use a simulator, yes. I have also flown the A380, but with a pilot beside me. I wanted to know whether what the pilots say is true: that this gigantic plane handles like a little A320. It's incredible! The A380 is in fact easy to fly, it has an array of systems that help it along so well it would be hard to a better job yourself. It also has a flight envelope protection system that prevents pilots from getting the plane into a dangerous situation.
Is it possible to disable the system?
No. Pilots can change their mind but only up to a certain point, then the system overrides them. If a pilot's style of flying puts stress on the plane's structure, the computer will say "Stop, not allowed."
Are the pioneering days of aviation over?
No, they never will be. We have cut fuel consumption by 70 percent since jet airplanes came along, that's much more than the car industry has done. Now the aim is to reduce emissions to acceptable levels.
Your giant baby has been flying for several years and is a regular fixture at some airports. Which of your engineering developments still impresses you the most?
The silence! Up there, the air slips by at the speed of sound and you hear nothing!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Here is what the match looks like between Baby Girl from Poland and my mother:
A geographical map of the locations of Baby Girl's genetic matches and the locations of their ancestors was created at Google Maps. This is a great strategy for seeing where genetic relations live and forming possible branches of the tree based on concentrations. Drawbacks include recent migrations, lack of knowledge of one's roots, under-representation of certain groups and areas in the database, and confused names as geographic names were altered to reflect the language of the contemporary rulers of the area.
Locations of genetic relatives and their ancestral lines of Baby Girl


text:
Update On October 2, 2006, Qchex agreed to a temporary restraining order to halt "unfair business practices," according to the Federal Trade Commission. The FTC has asked the U.S. District Court to order a permanent halt to the illegal operation and to order Qchex to "give up their ill-gotten gains.". Read more at www.ftc.gov/opa/2006/10/qchex.htm.
While many consumers are scrambling to reduce their risk of identity theft, one business appears to be making it easier than ever to forge checks. Qchex.com allows customers to create checks without verifying the account holder's identity, according to authorities.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) has issued a warning to banks receiving checks created by Qchex. (www.fdic.gov/news/news/SpecialAlert/2005/sa8205.html)
Qchex.com is an online service that allows users to create checks that can be printed or sent by e-mail to recipients who could then print them. Because Qchex says in its Terms of Use that it does not verify the account holder's identity when the check is created, there is a risk of fraud in some, but not all, checks issued via Qchex.
The check for $1000 in your mail came as a surprise. You had hoped your 10-year-old blue art deco table would fetch $100 on the Internet auction. Even more surprising was the buyer's request to ship the table out of the country.
Qchex, a subsidiary of Neovi Data Corporation, San Diego, California, will create a check for a person if they provide an account number, a routing number and a valid email address. Qchex does not have a process for verifying the person as the legitimate account holder.
The Qchex.com check you receive from your overseas buyer looks legitimate. It has the account number and all of the proper fields. Except one. There is no signature. Instead a printed name is on the line where the cursive signature would normally appear.
Many checks issued by this method have no signature. These types of checks are called demand drafts. There is a high risk of fraud involved in demand drafts, because they are created by a third party. Unlike swiping a debit card or signing a check, no tangible steps need to be taken by the account holder to create a demand draft.
Although your table is a unique combination of functionality and beauty, you are suspicious of the buyer. When you receive the check you wait for it to clear before shipping the table and sending the buyer the amount he overpaid.
Qchex's fraud prevention policies offer a new twist on passing the buck. According to Qchex, there are no methods available to provide 100% protection against the attempt of fraud. Instead of verifying the account holder's identity, which would offer at least some level of protection, Qchex points out that banks will reimburse you in the event of fraud as long as you report the incident. Qchex reassures its customers that the FDIC insures the funds used to create checks up to $100,000.
A month after you shipped the table and wired the extra $900 back to the buyer, your bank alerts you that the check was fraudulent and the $1000 is being debited from your account so it can be returned to the rightful owner.
Some checks created via Qchex may be fraudulent because there is a risk that the account holder has been a victim of identity theft. This is an important distinction from other types of fraudulent checks. Waiting for the check to clear is not a suitable precaution in this situation. There may be sufficient funds in the account for the check to clear, but the fraud will only become apparent after the account holder notices the identity theft. Once the identity theft is recognized, the funds will be removed from the account of the recipient of the fraudulent check.
The FDIC has warned that some fraudulent checks issued via Qchex.com are associated with the sort of scheme described in this alert. If you are buying or selling over the Internet, you should be cautious about the form of payment you accept.
Because of the high risk of fraud, accepting payment by check for items bought over the Internet is strongly discouraged. Often people use a third-party payment service, such as PayPal, Amazon.com Payments, Yahoo! PayDirect, or VeriSign Inc., when buying and selling over the Internet. While these payment services have risks, they are a better option than checks. Please note that the federal law that allows credit card charges to be disputed does not apply to these payment services. Read the individual payment service's policy on disputes and fraud before depositing money into an account. When using a third-party payment service the following tips can help reduce your risk:
- Read the privacy policy.
Check the payment service with TRUSTe (www.truste.org) or the Better Business Bureau (www.bbb.org).
- Do not respond to email messages from the service asking to confirm account details. These are likely to be phishing scams (www.antiphishing.org).
- Check the seller's history with the payment service.
- Check the seller's ratings from past buyers.
- Use extra caution if the item is very expensive, sold out in stores, or it is around the holidays.
Consumers can file complaints about transactions involving Qchex checks that turn out to be fraudulent with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) by mail, phone or Internet.
Federal Trade Commission
600 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., CRC-240
Washington, D.C. 20580
The FDIC asks that you forward any information about these checks to the FDIC's Cyber Fraud and Financial Crimes Section, 550 17 th Street, N.W., Room F-4004, Washington, D.C. 20429. Or contact the FDIC electronically at email@example.com. Information related to federal deposit insurance or consumer issues should be submitted to the FDIC using an online form that can be accessed at http://www2.fdic.gov/starsmail/index.asp.


text:
After 15 years, Richard Jones has written a new monograph about garbage collection called The Garbage Collection Handbook. This supercedes his previous seminal book on the subject Garbage Collection: algorithms for automatic dynamic memory management.
In particular, this new book covers state-of-the-art techniques including parallel, incremental, concurrent and real-time garbage collection algorithms.
I'll post a review as soon as I've read my copy!


text:
Important: Please review the NABTU Memo and COVID-19 Resource Page for more information
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text:
The Tuscaloosa City Board of Education is considering starting a soccer league for students in third through fifth grades.
The Tuscaloosa City Board of Education is considering starting a soccer league for students in third through fifth grades.
The school board has received proposals from the South Tuscaloosa Soccer Club and Tuscaloosa United Soccer Club to start an elementary school league.
According to the proposal from South Tuscaloosa Soccer Club, which originally brought the idea before the board, each elementary school in the system would have its own team. Schools would play each other on weekends and practice at least twice a week after school.
"I've been involved with soccer in Tuscaloosa for 15 years, and there's always been a question of how do we grow it?" said Greg
Madrid, who has children in the school system and is director of the schools' leg of South Tuscaloosa Soccer Club.
"It used to be that everybody would go out to Sokol Park to play soccer, traveling to that central location," he said. "One thing we noticed is that the numbers weren't growing. So we're trying to get into the schools to get into the communities. If the kids can play soccer at school, it's closer than traveling across town to play soccer."
When officials with Tuscaloosa United Soccer Club first heard about South Tuscaloosa Soccer Club's proposal, they asked the board for permission to counter with their own proposal.
After hearing Tuscaloosa United's reasons for being interested in starting a school soccer league, the board approved Superintendent Paul McKendrick's recommendation that Tuscaloosa United be allowed to present a proposal to the board as well.
"Our goal is simple," said Lou Marino, a representative for Tuscaloosa United. "To provide soccer to kids across the community. The club has grown in the past two years, and we're at the point now where we're stable and have the resources to provide quality programming outside of our home base at Sokol Park."
Though Tuscaloosa United initially wanted to be the sole providers of the school soccer league, Marino said the group has had a change of heart. It now wants to work with South Tuscaloosa Soccer Club to create a league for the school system.
"We have a proposal that we're going to put before the board," he said. "It would be a complementary program to what Mr. Madrid is doing. Our board has decided that we don't want to directly compete with what Mr. Madrid is trying to do because it would only hurt kids."
Marino would not reveal the details of his group's proposal until it is presented to the school board.
Board vice chairwoman Earnestine Tucker said she's 100 percent supportive of a school soccer league for the system's elementary school students. But she said she wants to make sure that it's made available to all students, including students who can't typically afford to pay the fees.
"I think it is a sport that our children have not had an opportunity to participate in and I think they'd do well," Tucker said. "I think our communities have been overlooked in terms of making this particular sport available. It has been a sport that has a healthy price that comes along with playing it.
"I think it's been assumed that our children can't afford the price tag that comes with it. There are resources out there and people who are willing to commit to making the resources available for them to participate."
Soccer fees and other associated costs have been a major concern for some board members.
Madrid said the average cost for a soccer travel team — a competitive team in the higher divisions — in Alabama can range from about $495 to $595 per player per season.
The fees pay for uniform costs, equipment costs and player registration with the national soccer affiliations, which handles medical insurance for kids if they're injured and liability policy for the coaches, Madrid said. Field rental maintenance is typically another cost, but that won't be an issue with the school league since students will play at their home schools or other city school facilities.
"We're working really hard to keep the fees down below $100," Madrid said. "Coaches would be contracted with South Tuscaloosa Soccer Club. We provide a stipend to them, but we're not going to do it for profit. We'll probably go in the hole each season trying to pay for kids who can't pay.
"We have to find a price point to get enough kids to register but also find sponsors to help kids who can't afford to play," he said.
Marino said Tuscaloosa United's goal is to make the program fee-free for the students. That would cause the club to lose money, he said, but the most important thing is growing the love of the game.
"We'll have to do outreach to the community to be able to do this, but we already have the coaching staff needed to run this program with sufficient quality," Marino said. "Long-term, we'd like to get into all the city elementary schools and particularly those schools that have the highest financial need.
"We are blessed to have the support of Tuscaloosa and to find out that more kids are interested in playing this wonderful sport of soccer," he said.
Madrid said elementary schools that have shown interest in participating in the Tuscaloosa Schools League are Woodland Forrest, Southview, Skyland, University Place and Arcadia.
He said he's reached out to Central, Oakdale and Martin Luther King Jr. elementary schools, but only Central Elementary showed immediate interest.
"The concern on that side is that they have a lot of kids who are Title 1 eligible and even if it only cost $50 a kid for the season it may keep them from playing," Madrid said. "So what I'm working on is contacting sponsors to help with that."
If the league grows large enough, Madrid said it's possible that elementary schools in the Tuscaloosa County School System might join so teams could compete outside of their own school system.
"The county schools haven't fully agreed to it yet," Madrid said. "I think they're handling it on an administrative side, but there's about four or five schools in the county that are pretty solidly interested. The main ones were Taylorville Primary, Englewood Elementary and Brookwood Elementary."
Madrid said it's possible to start a short season about a month after the deal's approved and start a full season in the spring.
South Tuscaloosa Soccer Club started about two years ago. Tuscaloosa United is also only two years old, but it was created from two older soccer clubs, PARA and YMCA, when they merged to cut down on the competition between soccer clubs in the city.
Marino said there used to be six soccer leagues in the city, but now there's only two — Tuscaloosa United and South Tuscaloosa.
Reach Jamon Smith at email@example.com
or 205-722-0204.


text:
It's time to clarify the situation about Lukas Verzbicas' eligibility for the 2012 Olympics.
Verzbicas, 18, is a citizen of Lithuania who has lived in the United States more than half his life and has applied for U.S. citizenship, but it seems unlikely he will get it before the 2012 Olympics.
In a profile last June and two stories last week after he left both running and the University of Oregon to pursue a career in triathlon, I wrote Verzbicas needed citizenship to represent the United States at the 2012 (or any) Olympics.
I based that statement on Rule 41 of the Olympic Charter, "Nationality of Competitors," which says in paragraph 1:
"Any competitor in the Olympic Games must be a national of the country of the NOC (national Olympic Committee) which is entering such competitior."
That sounded pretty clear.
But when two deservedly respected track and field experts -- Toni Reavis and Dave Monti - suggested in blogs that Verzbicas had left running partly because he already was eligible to compete as a non-citizen for the United States in triathlon at London next summer, I thought it would be worthwhile to see if there were any chance that could be true.
The fact is the answer is no.
I learned that by asking International Olympic Committee spokesman Mark Adams these two questions:
1. Does Rule 41 (1) supersede any international federation rule?
2. Under all circumstances, must an Olympic athlete be a citizen of the country he or she wants to represent?
"Rule 41 is pretty straightforward," Adams replied Tuesday by email. "An athlete must be a citizen of the country he or she wishes to represent.
"Further, the rule goes on to explain how a competitor may go on to represent a `new' country if they change nationality or how they may represent a country if they have dual nationality, underlying the basic fact that one must be a national of the country they represent."
And here are some more facts.
The source of the confusion is the International Triathlon Union allowing athletes to compete in ITU events for "Country A" even if they are not a citizen of "Country A," as long as they have not previously competed for another country. That is why Verzbicas was eligible to compete for the United States at the last two World Junior Championships, in which he took fourth (2010) and first (2011).
The issue is further complicated because different international federations have different rules.
For instance, half-miler Wilson Kipketer, a native and citizen of Kenya, won the gold medal at the 1995 World Championships for Denmark but was unable to compete for Denmark in the 1996 Olympics because his Danish citizenship process was not complete. Kipketer went on to win Olympic silver (2000) and bronze medals (2004) as a Dane.
The international track federation since has changed its rules to require every athlete in its own global competitions to be a citizen of the country he or she represents.
At the moment, the only country for which Verzbicas could compete at the Olympics in any sport is Lithuania, and that is not his intention.
His immigration attorney, David Richmond told me last June it was not a question of whether Verzbicas gets citizenship but when. He declined to provide an exact timeline but confirmed Verzbicas has a green card.
The process would need to be expedited by Congress -- it normally takes five years after receipt of a green card, which means permanent resident -- for Verzbicas to be a citizen before the 2012 Olympics.
That could be done under U.S. immigration law that allows employment-based immigration to "individuals who because of their exceptional ability in the sciences, arts or business will substantially benefit prospectively the national economy, educational or cultural interests or welfare of the United States. . ."
That exception has been invoked for athletes, including ice dancer Tanith Belbin. Belbin received U.S. citizenship a year early so she could skate for the United States at the 2006 Olympics, where she and partner Ben Agosto won a silver medal. But Congress generally is disinclined to enact private bills for the acceleration of citizenship.
Of course, this whole discussion puts the cart way ahead of the horse, since Verzbicas has yet to prove he can do well enough in senior triathlon events -- twice as long as junior races -- to earn one of a possible three U.S. spots in the 2012 Olympics or in 2016 or any future Summer Games.
And I do suggest you read Reavis' blog because its main point is compelling: that Verzbicas' decision to dump running for triathlon makes a statement about the state of the two sports.
USA Triathlon chief executive Rob Urbach made that point in a different way when he said, "Lukas' decision speaks volumes about how far triathlon has advanced."
While track and field is running in place.


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Santa Cruz firebombs look familiar
'Molotov cocktails on steroids' are similar to those animal rights extremists have used, police say
The devices used in two firebombings targeting UC Santa Cruz biologists are similar to some used in the past by animal rights activists, investigators said Sunday.
The bombs were so powerful they were like "Molotov cocktails on steroids," said Santa Cruz police Capt. Steve Clark.
One struck the home of assistant biology Professor David Feldheim on Saturday morning, forcing him to flee with his family. The other exploded just a few minutes earlier, gutting a car parked outside the campus home of a second researcher.
Later, Santa Cruz County sheriff's deputies went to the home of a third researcher who received a threatening telephone message, but officers found no explosives.
More than 50 investigators, including some from the FBI's regional terrorism task force, are looking into the attacks.
Feldheim, whose townhouse was firebombed just after 5:30 a.m., uses mice in laboratory research on brain formation.
He told The Chronicle that he and his wife, along with their 7-year-old son and 6-year-old daughter, had to drop a ladder from the window of a second-floor bedroom to escape after smoke filled the home's first floor.
"Everyone is OK," Feldheim said in an e-mail. "The kids are taking it pretty well. My wife and I are very shaken up. I also injured both feet in the escape."
Act of terrorism
Feldheim was treated at a hospital and released, police said. Clark said the attack on Feldheim is being considered an act of terrorism and attempted murder.
Clark said the bomb at Feldheim's house was similar to those used by animal rights extremists in the past, adding, "There are instructions on how to make it on their Web sites."
Feldheim and the unidentified faculty member who received the threatening message were named on pamphlets that were left on a stack of newspapers in a downtown Santa Cruz coffee shop last Tuesday, Clark said. The unsigned pamphlets at Caffe Pergolesi, which printed 13 researchers' pictures and addresses, called them murderers and torturers and said, "Animal abusers everywhere beware."
The name of the researcher whose car was bombed was not on the pamphlets, Clark said.
The attacks may mark an escalation in a series of protests against UC researchers that prompted a Los Angeles Superior Court judge to issue a temporary restraining order against three animal rights groups in February.
In January, a Molotov cocktail exploded on a UCLA researcher's porch. A month later, six people in masks tried to force their way into the home of a UC Santa Cruz researcher and hit her husband on the head, police said.
And at UC Berkeley, officials said 24 animal researchers and seven staffers have been harassed in recent months, with some homes and cars vandalized.
Clark said authorities are offering security to UC Santa Cruz animal researchers and have contacted every person named on the pamphlet, whether or not they were involved in animal testing. He said investigators were combing the Internet to see if anyone would take credit for the attacks. But as of Sunday, no one had.
"It's one thing to be an activist, it's another to be an extremist," Clark said. "It's absolutely outrageous that you would bring this kind of an attack to a family, all because of your passion over this cause. To me, it's indicative of people who have a complete inability to articulate their point in a constructive manner."
UC Santa Cruz Chancellor George Blumenthal condemned the bombings as "criminal acts of anti-science violence."
A different view was expressed today by Jerry Vlasak, a Los Angeles spokesman for the North American Animal Liberation Press Office, which often posts on its Web site communiques from activists taking credit for attacks. He said the benefit of animal research does not justify its expense or the exploitation of animals.
Vlasak said the bombers likely were not trying to hurt Feldheim, but were instead "trying to send a message to this guy, who won't listen to reason, that if he doesn't stop hurting animals, more drastic measures will be taken ... it's certainly not an initial tactic, but a tactic of last resort."
Feldheim, whose work includes introducing genes into living mouse brains, said Sunday that his research "is aimed at understanding how brain connections form during development, with special focus on the visual system." He said the work is important "so we can learn how to fix these connections after damage due to injury or disease."
Sunday afternoon, Feldheim's front door and concrete patio in a complex of townhouses on Village Circle remained blackened by flames and smoke. A neighbor said that residents, who are mostly faculty and students, awoke to the sound of an alarm.
"I feel bad that anyone would take that drastic a step to harm people," said Miriam Ting, a Santa Cruz pharmacist.
No answer
Just a few blocks away, no one answered the door at the brown faculty townhouse where the car had been firebombed, and a biology professor listed as living there did not respond to an e-mail. His driveway was still charred; the car was no longer there.
"It's a threat to everyone who lives here," said David Anthony, a history professor whose home is attached to the one where the car was firebombed.
Feldheim described a frightening escape. When the bomb exploded near his front door, he said, his family was awakened by the sound of smoke detectors.
"The downstairs was so smoky that we could not see," said Feldheim. "My wife and children all escaped out of the bedroom window using a fire-escape ladder. A neighbor and then the Fire Department came and put out the fire."
Feldheim said his home had been vandalized last year, with "hateful messages" written in chalk on the sidewalk outside, trash strewn about and some flower planters broken. The university responded by paying for an alarm system and motion-sensitive lights, he said.
"I'm not sure what we'll do in the future," Feldheim said.


text:
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K-State Salina is one of the first and still one of the few universities in the country to offer a bachelor's degree in unmanned aircraft systems. With this revolutionary new field, K-State Salina understands the importance of providing its students with research opportunities, cutting edge technology and equipment and an exclusive education. That's why it was among the first institutions in the U.S. to allow students to participate in actual flight training missions – approximately 100 completed each year. For Department of Defense related projects, the program also has access to restricted airspace at the Smoky Hill Weapons Range and has authorization to fly unmanned aircraft in the National Airspace System.
K-State Salina's UAS program uses a hands-on approach to learning, giving students the necessary skills to safely operate and manage a diverse fleet of unmanned aircraft both proprietary and commercially available. And because unmanned aircraft systems are multifaceted machines with many working parts and a variety of flying factors, it's essential that our students' curriculum is deeply rooted in a myriad of areas. Along with UAS education, the program also includes manned aviation, avionics, aircraft maintenance and engineering technology.
K-State Salina's UAS program is the principle initiative of the university's Applied Aviation Research Center. Under this resource, our accomplished UAS faculty are engaged in the analysis, experimentation and exploration of on-going projects with federal agencies, private sponsors and internal university groups. These professional research partnerships not only help perpetuate the continuous influx of new UAS technology into the program, but also connect our students to their future in the industry.
Source: salina.k-state.edu


text:
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text:
ART IN THE PARK at 3 p.m. Sept. 14 at Hubert By-Pass Park with inflatables, concessions, games and movie at sunset �Wreck-It Ralph.� Call 910-347-5332.
ART IN THE PARK at 3 p.m. Sept. 14 at Hubert By-Pass Park with inflatables, concessions, games and movie at sunset �Wreck-It Ralph.� Call 910-347-5332.
BOOTS ON THE Run 5K fundraiser at 8:45 a.m. Sept. 14 at the USO, Tallman Street. Check-in, registration at 7 a.m. Cost: $25 advance; $30 day of event. Visit USO-nc.org.
RICHLANDS Library hosts a free eBook workshop at 10 a.m. Sept. 14. Learn how to browse, check-out and download eBooks from the library. Call 910-455-7350.
SWANSBORO Recreation Center hosts a children�s �Creative Chefs� from 2 to 5 p.m. Sept. 14 at the recreation center. Pre-registration required. Cost $15. Call 910-326-2600.
DESCENDENTS of Ed, Jim, Charlie Coston family reunion held Sept. 14 at Back Swamp Community Building, Richlands. Covered dish meal at 1 p.m. Call 910-324-4156.
ONSLOW County Senior Expo will be held from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Sept. 14 at Onslow Multipurpose Complex, U.S. 258 with health checks, information and more. Call 910-353-5935.
EASTERN N.C. Bluegrass Association hosts a concert at 7 p.m. Sept. 14 at Lenoir Community College auditorium, Kinston. Admission $7 at door. Call 252-244-0712.
GREAT MULLET Run 5K/One Mile walk/run sponsored by Swansboro Rotary Club at 8:30 a.m. Nov. 9 at Hammocks Beach State Park. Fee $15, call 252-393-2301.
ZUMBA IN THE Park at 9 a.m. Sept. 14 at Onslow Pines Park Rotary Pavilion. Cost $2 per person. Call 910-347-5332.
ONSLOW PARKS and Recreation hosts Dog Day in the Park at 9 a.m. Sept. 28 at Onslow Pines Park with rabies clinic, microchips, dog wash and games. Register at 910-347-5332.
FARMER�S Market Top Vocalist from 10 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. Sept. 14 at Onslow Multipurpose Center. Contestants must be 16 years and older. Entry fee $25. Call 910-455-5873.
SWANSBORO VFW Post 9960 hosts a dance from 8 p.m. to midnight Sept. 14 with music by Morris Willis Band. Admission $10 donation. Call 252-393-8053.
ONSLOW Shrine Club Pig Cook-off/Poker Run held Sept. 14 at 6 E. Thompson St. Poker Run at 10 a.m. Cost $20. Cook-off at 11 a.m. Plates $6. Call 910-545-1400 or 358-0027.
FOUNDATION for Hospice hosts a Recycled Fashion Show/Silent Auction fundraiser from 1 to 3:30 p.m. Sept. 14 at Church of Christ, 111 Roosevelt Drive. Tickets $15. Visit rdcoc.org
RETIREE Appreciation Day/Health Fair from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Sept. 28 at Marston Pavilion aboard Camp Lejeune with health screenings, speakers and more. Call 910-451-0287.
WHEELS4HOPE and local garage owners have donated, repaired and will place four vehicles to needy families at noon Sept. 14 at Logan�s Roadhouse. Visit wheels4Hope.org.
BLOOD DRIVE from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. Sept. 14 at Compass Landing Apartment Homes, Newport.
FOSTER Enterprises Foundation hosts School of Rock free music lessons from 1 to 3 p.m. Saturdays at 1911-A Lejeune Blvd. Visit FEFrocks.org.
JACKSONVILLE Alumnae Chapter, Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, meets at 10 a.m. Sept. 14 at Onslow Memorial Hospital conference room, education building.
WALK4LIFE 2013 fundraiser held Sept. 28 at Riverwalk Crossing Park, 421 Court St. Registration begins at 9 a.m. Register at oprcfriends.com or call 910-938-7000.
ICE CREAM Social for Disabilities Awareness Day hosted by Onslow Commission for Persons with Disabilities from 1 to 4 p.m. Sept. 14 at Jacksonville Commons Recreation Complex.
POKER RUN for Teens hosted by Onslow NCSSA at noon Sept. 29 at New River Harley-Davidson. Registration from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Cost $20. Call 910-219-1886.
GILBERT Family reunion will be held at 12:45 p.m. Sept. 15 at Trenton United Methodist Church. Call 910-743-0571.
DOWN EAST ALS support group meets at 2 p.m. Sept. 15 at Vidant Medical Center Rehab Center, Greenville, with speaker Kelly James. Call 252-746-4221.
EMERALD ISLE Parks and Recreation hosts its annual flounder fishing tournament from 8 a.m. Sept. 28 through 5 p.m. Oct. 5. Free registration. Call 252-354-6350.
NATIONAL Recovery Month from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Sept. 14 at Riverwalk Crossing Park with speakers, resource information and more. Call 910-340-9270.


text:
Enter to Win a Flight Home for the Holidays From Blake Shelton
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text:
G2360, Reviewed November 2018
Use of good pasture containing alfalfa, ladino clover, and grass can lower sow feed costs, help maintain high level reproductive capacity of boars, and in many cases increase litter size as compared to confinement raising of hogs.
Pasture was formerly an absolute essential for a successful swine operation. In recent years, growing of hogs in confinement has become a reality because of vastly improved rations and means of disease and parasite control. But it is still possible to use large amounts of forage with the breeding herd.
Bred sows and gilts on legume pastures require much less supplemental protein and only about one-half as much grain as those in dry lots. An acre of good pasture should carry 8 to 10 sows.
Forages selected for swine should be succulent and capable of high production, very palatable, high in protein and vitamins, and produce over a reasonably long growth period.
Pastures make possible a good swine sanitation and disease control program. After swine have grazed pasture for one season, use the pasture for cattle or harvest hay from it for two years before using it for hogs again.
A pig's physical make-up does not lend itself to using great quantities of pasture or roughage like sheep and cattle. But a 400-pound sow can handle relatively large amounts. Good forage can also provide quality protein and certain vitamins and can reduce total feed requirements.
Research reports on feed savings for pigs on pasture vary considerably, depending on type of pasture, age of hogs, and management systems. Data indicate this will amount to 3 to 10 percent of the grain and as much as one-third of the protein needed for growing and finishing hogs. Pastures are recommended for the breeding herd especially. They provide exercise and nutrients needed for sows.
The following points should be considered in making a decision between confinement and pasture production.
The legumes as a group have a higher protein, calcium and carotene content than grasses. They can furnish an adequate supply of most vitamins with the exception of vitamins D and B12.
Alfalfa, ladino, sweet clover, red clover and lespedeza are legumes that may be used for swine pasture. Alfalfa and ladino are probably the best of the group and where possible should furnish the basis of any perennial forage mixture for swine. Ladino clover will not produce as much forage per acre as will alfalfa, but it is somewhat superior in nutritive value. Where adapted, the use of the two together has increased yields and improved the nutritive value.
Annual lespedeza may also be used during the summer months with approximately the same results as alfalfa. However it must be faulted for its lower yield per acre, its shorter grazing season, and its need to reseed in the fall.
Perennial grasses such as orchardgrass, endophyte-free tall fescue, timothy and bromegrass, while not as high in quality as the legumes, should be used in mixtures with them. Mixtures of grass-legume have performed as well as legumes alone and have the advantages of increasing total yields, providing a superior sod, and reducing the risk of losing the legumes through heaving and stress kill.
Sudan grass, sorghum-Sudan crosses and small grains may also be used as hog pastures. But rape is the best annual crop in Missouri for swine. It contains around 28 percent protein on a dry matter basis, compared with 30 percent for alfalfa, and an acre will handle about 20 shoats.
Stocking rates will depend upon soil fertility, quality of pasture and time of year. Recommended pasture stocking rates are:
These recommendations assume the use of good quality legume pasture under conditions of adequate moisture.
Gestating sows will usually maintain their body weight on excellent ladino-clover pasture with no additional feed. General recommendations on average to excellent pasture would be to provide around 2 pounds of grain daily for sows and 3 pounds for gilts on pasture, plus free-choice access to minerals and iodized salt during the first two-thirds of gestation. During lactation, 2 to 3 pounds of 15 percent protein ration per 100 pounds body weight is recommended. Growing-finishing hogs in most cases should be full-fed with around 20 growing-fattening pigs to the acre.
It is important to have adequate water and shade for hogs on pasture. Studies show extremely high temperatures have an adverse effect on breeding herds, so it is important to provide adequate shade for them.
Pigs of widely varying weights should not be run together. Avoid having a range of weights that exceeds 20 percent above or below the average in the herd.
Rape is neither a grass nor a legume but belongs to the same plant family as cabbage.
Rape requires a soil high in available calcium and responds to high levels of nitrogen. Fertilize with phosphate, potash and lime as for alfalfa and with nitrogen as for corn.
Rape may be seeded with spring oats as early as February or early March. Use a seeding rate of 5 to 6 pounds per acre. When the oats are drilled, the rape may be seeded through the grass seeding attachment or may be broadcast after the oats are seeded. Use a cultipacker or harrow to cover the seed very lightly. Dwarf Essex is the best variety and seed is available.
Do not begin to pasture until rape has reached a height of 9 to 10 inches. With early seedings this should occur about 6 to 8 weeks after seeding.
Rape sometimes causes white hogs to sun scald. It is caused by the pigs grazing when the rape is wet and then getting exposed to hot sunshine. However, this is usually not serious if treated with crude oil or carbolated petroleum, nor is its occurrence very frequent.
Silage, either corn silage or high quality alfalfa-grass silage, is a practical way of using more forage in a hog program. However, it must be emphasized that the nutritional requirements of bred sows is very exacting and supplementation of the silage is essential. Both corn and alfalfa-grass silage must be supplemented with protein and energy, but if done properly, silage feeding may improve litter size and pig livability and save up to 25 percent in feed costs.
A swine producer would not build a silo just to feed brood sows, but if silage is available for cattle, using it for sows will produce excellent results.
Order publications online at http://extension.missouri.edu/explore/shop/ or call toll-free 800-292-0969.


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Al Behrman / AP
First lady Michelle Obama speaks to grassroots supporters on Tuesday in Cincinnati.
CINCINNATI, OH – A marching band took to the streets of downtown here Tuesday, leading the crowd to a destination not usually associated with much fanfare: the voting booth.
On the opening day of early voting in the Buckeye State, first lady Michelle Obama rallied 6,800 supporters at the Duke Energy Convention Center in downtown Cincinnati.
"Here in Ohio, it is already election day," she said, flanked by a large banner that read "Cincinnati fired up! Ready to vote!"
The first lady encouraged the large and boisterous crowd to make the short walk directly from the rally to the Hamilton County Board of Elections where they could become some of the first Americans to cast their ballots for President Barack Obama's re-election. The latest NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll shows the president maintaining a slight lead nationally over Republican challenger Mitt Romney, and a recent polls show that lead is even bigger in Ohio.
Even with the positive polls, Michelle Obama warned supporters that a second term for her husband is far from certain, which is why they need to start voting.
"Thirty-five days is a long, long time in an election. No one should be comfortable," she said. She later added: "I'm going to be honest with you, this journey is going to be hard, let's count on that. And there are going to be plenty of ups and downs for the rest of the way."
Michelle Obama warned the crowd of apathy, recalling how narrowly her husband won the battleground state of Ohio four years ago.
"Back in 2008, back then we won Ohio by about 262,000 votes," she said. "Now that might sound like a lot, but when you break that number down, and you spread it across all the precincts, that is just
24 votes per precinct ... That could mean just a couple of votes in your neighborhood or your block."
Obama won here in Hamilton County in 2008, a traditionally Republican county that turned blue that year for the first time since Lyndon Johnson in 1964. If Obama is able to repeat his success in the state's southwest corner, the path for a Republican to win the state becomes incredibly difficult.
Reuters, Getty Images
In the final push in the 2012 presidential election, candidates Mitt Romney and Barack Obama make their last appeals to voters.
In 2008, an estimated 30 percent of voters cast ballots early. The Democratic National Committee and the president's campaign have tried to capitalize on getting as many votes as possible before November. The "Gotta Vote" bus tour kicked off in Iowa to encourage early voting in the Hawkeye State and will continue the tour through Ohio on Wednesday – meaning some Americans will decide with more than a month left in the campaign and before the first presidential debate.
The Romney campaign countered with its own get-out-the-vote effort on Tuesday, kicking off the "Commit to Mitt Early Vote Express" tour around Ohio. In light of polls showing Romney losing this critical swing state, the campaign released a memo from Ohio State Director Scott Jennings arguing the race here remains a dead heat.
"Bottom line – the race in Ohio is close, undecided voters are extremely unhappy with Barack Obama, and Mitt Romney's campaign has built a ground game that is at the very least matching Obama's while surpassing all previous Republican efforts when it comes to knocking on doors and contacting voters face-to-face," Jennings wrote.


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Conn College junior Michael LeDuc broke his own school record and captured the third NCAA Championship victory in school history after winning the 3,000-meter steeplechase at the NCAA Division III championship on Saturday.
LaCROSSE, Wis. — Conn College junior Michael LeDuc broke his own school record and captured the third NCAA Championship victory in school history after winning the 3,000-meter steeplechase at the NCAA Division III championship on Saturday.
The second-seeded LeDuc crossed the line .08 seconds ahead of top-seeded Jack Davies, of Middlebury College, in a time of 8 minutes, 50.58 seconds, the fastest time in the country this year and the seventh-fastest in Division III history, according to Conn College assistant coach Jim Butler.
"I'm kind of shocked that it happened," LeDuc said. "I knew that Davies was going to catch me and he did. He's just a great closer. I just tried to get out to a lead. When he closed in on me and took the lead, I was trying to hold on for dear life and I was able to give it that last burst at the end. But Jack and I had the best two times coming in. I was confident that if I ran my best, he would be the only guy who could keep up with me."
The Camels last boasted an NCAA champion in 2009 when Alex Samma won the triple jump at the NCAA Indoor Track and Field Championship.
Also in the meet, Coast Guard junior Adam Scalesse earned All-American honors for the fourth time in his career with a third-place finish in the 110-meter hurdles. Scalesse entered as the top seed and finished with a time of 14.5 seconds, the top result among New England competitors.
UConn 2
Rutgers 1
CLEARWATER, Fla. — Jordan Tabakman allowed just one hit in seven innings, and the Huskies took down Rutgers in the Big East semifinals to earn a trip to today's championship game against Notre Dame at noon.
It will be the first matchup between a seven (Notre Dame) and eight seed (UConn) in Big East Championship history.
The Huskies (33-26) scored their only runs in the first inning. L.J. Mazzilli doubled to score Tom Verdi (single), and Mazzilli came home on a wild pitch.
Senior Dan Feehan and sophomore David Mahoney, of Colchester, combined for a 1-2-3 eighth inning, and senior Pat Butler picked up his fourth save in the ninth.
UConn defeated Louisville, USF and Rutgers to get to the finals after going 1-8 against those teams in the regular season.
(19) Waterford 12
(14) Pomperaug 11
SOUTHBURY — Dylan McCarthy netted a hat trick and the Lancers held off a rally from the Panthers in the qualifying round of the CIAC Class M state tournament.
Waterford outscored Pomperaug, 6-3, in the third period to take a four-goal advantage into the fourth, but Pomperaug cut the deficit to one with 30 seconds to play.
Mack Ryan, Jeff Gran and Andrew Nessetta each scored a pair of goals for the Lancers (8-9), who will play third-seeded New Canaan on Wednesday.
Speedbowl cancels
WATERFORD — The Waterford Speedbowl was forced to cancel its Saturday program for the second time in three weeks because of inclement weather.
It's possible that the track will make up the event, but no decision was made on Saturday.
The Speedbowl's Memorial Day Madness program scheduled for today still will take place. It will feature a demolition derby, trailer race, 50-lap four cylinder race, and more on-track events that will conclude with a fireworks display.


text:
Hi, this is my first year beekeeping. I had a very strong colony that swarmed August 3rd. I lost that swarm as they got away. The colony swarmed again exactly a week later. August 10th. I was able to catch that swarm and hived it. The original colonies new virgin queen was able to mate and I noticed young larvae at my last inspection last weekend 9-1-13 3 weeks.
The swarm I believe is queen less. It has been 5 weeks and there are no eggs or larvae. This queen should of been one week ahead of the original colonies virgin queen by my calculations. On my inspection two days ago I noticed queen cups but no eggs or larvae. I am assuming the virgin queen did not make it back from her nuptial flight. I am going to assume that one of the workers will start laying eggs hence the emergency queen cups.
I ordered a new queen which will be here in a few days. When I introduce her to the hive, do I need to take out the emergency queen cups? Do I need to find and take out the laying worker bee? Will the colony realize there is a real queen and accept her and then destroy the emergency queen cups themselves?
Will the queen and the laying worker bee battle? Should I not do anything at all and let them work it out?


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Superior olivary complex
|Brain: Superior olivary nucleus
|Scheme showing the course of the fibers of the lemniscus; medial lemniscus in blue, lateral in red. (Superior olivary nucleus is labeled at center right.)
|nucleus olivaris superior
|subject #187 787
The superior olivary nucleus (or superior olivary complex or superior olive) is a small mass of gray substance situated on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body. Small in man, but well developed in certain animals, it exhibits the similar structure as the inferior olivary nucleus, and is situated immediately above it. Some of the fibers of the trapezoid body end by arborizing around the cells of this nucleus, while others arise from these cells.
- 1 Physiology
- 2 Relationship to auditory system
- 3 Primary Nuclei
- 4 Periolivary Nuclei
- 4.1 Ventral Nucleus of Trapezoid Body (VNTB)
- 4.2 Lateral Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body (LNTB)
- 4.3 Superior Periolivary Nucleus (SPON) (Dorsomedial Periolivary Nucleus (DMPO))
- 4.4 Dorsal Periolivary Nucleus (DPO)
- 4.5 Dorsolateral Periolivary Nucleus (DLPO)
- 4.6 Ventrolateral Periolivary Nucleus (VLPO)
- 4.7 Anterolateral Periolivary Nucleus (ALPO)
- 4.8 Ventromedial Periolivary Nucleus (VMPO)
- 4.9 Rostral Periolivary Nucleus (RPO) (Anterior Periolivary Nucleus (APO))
- 4.10 Caudal Periolivary Nucleus (CPO) (Posterior Periolivary Nucleus (PPO))
- 4.11 Posteroventral Periolivary Nucleus (PVPO)
- 5 Pathophysiology
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 External links
The superior olivary nucleus plays a number of roles in hearing. The medial superior olive (MSO) is a specialised nucleus that is believed to measure the time difference of arrival of sounds between the ears (the interaural time difference or ITD). The ITD is a major cue for determining the azimuth of low frequency sounds, i.e. localising them on the azimuthal plane - their degree to the left or the right.
The lateral superior olive (LSO) is believed to be involved in measuring the level difference of sounds between the ears (the interaural level difference or ILD). The ILD is a second major cue in determining the azimuth of high frequency sounds.
Relationship to auditory system
The superior olivary complex is generally located in the pons, but in human extends from the rostral medulla to the mid-pons[1] and receives projections predominantly from the anteroventral cochlear nucleus via the ventral acoustic stria, although the posteroventral nucleus projects there as well via the intermediate acoustic stria. It is at this site where the first major binaural interactions occur.[2]
Primary Nuclei
The superior olivary complex is divided into three primary nuclei, the MSO, LSO, and the Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid body, and several smaller periolivary nuclei.[3] These three nuclei are the most studied, and therefore best understood. Typically, they are regarded as forming the ascending azimuthal localization pathway.
Medial superior olive (MSO)
The medial superior olive is thought to help locate the position of a sound on the azimuth axis.[4] The azimuth axis is the angle from a certain direction, ie: 32 degrees from north. One's first instincts may be to think that this nucleus includes vertical information, but this is not the case. The fusiform cells do not project to anything in the level of the pons, and only come into play at the inferior colliculus. Only horizontal data is present, but it does come from two different ear sources, which aids in the localizing of sound on the azimuth axis.[5] The way in which the superior olive does this is by measuring the differences in time between two ear signals recording the same stimulus. Traveling around the head takes about 700 μs, and it is assumed that the medial superior olive is able to detect this. In fact, it is observed that people can detect interaural differences down to 10 microseconds.[5] The nucleus is tonotopically organized, but the azimuthal receptive field projection is "most likely a complex, nonlinear map."[4]
The projections of the ipsilateral medial superior olive terminate densely in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. The majority of these axons are considered to be "round shaped" or type R. These R axons are mostly glutamatergic and contain round synaptic vesicles and form asymmetric synaptic junctions.[2]
- This is the largest of the nuclei and in human contains approximately 15,500 neurons [6].
- Each MSO receives low-frequency bilateral inputs from the right and left AVCNs.
- The output is to the ipsilateral lateral lemniscus and ultimately to the inferior colliculus.
- The MSO responds better to binaural stimuli.
- Its main function involves detection of differences in arrival time of sounds to the two ears which is part of localization process (ITD).
Lateral superior olive (LSO)
This olive has similar functions to the medial superior olive, but employs intensity to localize the sound source.[7] This is the part of the brain stem that labels the louder sound from the left ear as being on the left hand side. The lateral olive receives input from both cochlear nuclei, from ipsilateral AVCN spherical bushy cells and contralateral AVCN globular bushy cells via the ipsilateral MNTB. MNTB principal cells are glycinergic, providing a source of inhibition to the LSO, and forming the basis of ILD sensitivity. Projections from both cochlear nuclei are primarily high frequency, and these frequencies are subsequently represented by the majority of LSO neurons (>2/3 over 2-3kHz in cat). Additional inputs derive from the ipsilateral LNTB (glycinergic, see below), which provide inhibitory information from the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus[8]. Another possibly inhibitory input derives from ipsilateral AVCN non-spherical cells. These cells are either globular bushy or multipolar (stellate). Either of these two inputs could provide the basis for ipsilateral inhibition seen in response maps flanking the primary excitation, sharpening the unit's frequency tuning.[9][10]
The LSO primarily projects, bilaterally, to the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC). Ipsilateral projections are primarily inhibitory (glycinergic), and contralateral excitatory. Additional projection targets include the Dorsal and Ventral nuclei of the Lateral Lemniscus (DNLL & VNLL). The GABAergic projections from the DNLL form the primary source of GABA in the brainstem auditory system, and project primarily to the contralateral ICC. These converging excitatory and inhibitory connections act to sharpen ILD sensitivity in the ICC compared to the LSO.
Additional projections form the Lateral Olivocochlear Bundle (LOC), which innervates cochlear inner hair cells. These projections are thought to have a long time constant, and act to normalize the sound level detected by each ear in order to aid in sound localization[11]. Considerable species differences exist: LOC projection neurons are distributed within the LSO in rodents, and surround the LSO in predators (i.e. cat).
Medial Nucleus of Trapezoid Body (MNTB)
- The MNTB is the smallest part of SOC; the presence of the MNTB in the human brainstem is in doubt.
- Each neuron receives only high-frequency input via a Calyx of held from the contralateral AVCN, and its output projects to the ipsilateral LSO.
- There are two response types found: a 'chopper type' similar to spindle cells in the AVCN and a primary type which is similar to those of Bushy Cells in the AVCN.
Periolivary Nuclei
The SOC is composed of between six and nine periolivary nuclei, depending upon the researcher cited, typically named based upon their location with regard to the primary nuclei. These nuclei surround each of the primary nuclei, and contribute to both the ascending and descending auditory systems. These nuclei also form the source of the olivocochlear bundle, which innervates the cochlea.[12] In the guinea pig, ascending projections to the inferior colliculi are primarily ipsilateral (>80%), with the largest single source coming from the SPON. Also, ventral nuclei (RPO, VMPO, AVPO, & VNTB) are almost entirely ipsilateral, while the remaining nuclei project bilaterally.[13]
|Guinea Pig
Ventral Nucleus of Trapezoid Body (VNTB)
- The VNTB is a small nucleus located laterally to the MNTB, and ventral to the MSO.[14]
- Comprised of a heterogeneous population of cells, this nucleus projects to many auditory nuclei, and forms the medial olivocochlear bundle (MOC) which innervates cochlear outer hair cells [15]. These cells contain electromotile fibers, and act as mechanical amplifiers/attenuators within the cochlea.
- The nucleus projects to both IC, with no cells projecting bilaterally.[16]
Lateral Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body (LNTB)
- Located ventral to the LSO[14]
- AVCN spherical bushy cells project collaterals bilaterally, and globular bushy cells project collaterals ipsilaterally to LNTB neurons.[17]
- Cells are immunoreactive for glycine[18], and are retrogradely labeled following injection of tritiated glycine into the LSO[8]
- The nucleus projects to both IC, with few cells projecting bilaterally[16], as well as the ipsilateral LSO[8].
- Large multipolar cells project to the cochlear nucleus, but not the IC, in both cat and guinea pig.[16][19]
- Inputs are often via end-bulbs of held, producing very fast signal transduction.
Superior Periolivary Nucleus (SPON) (Dorsomedial Periolivary Nucleus (DMPO))
- Located directly dorsal to the MNTB[14]
- In rat, SPON is a homogeneous GABAergic nucleus. These tonotopically organized neurons receive excitatory inputs from octopus and multipolar cells in the contralateral ventral cochlear nucleus[20], a glycinergic (inhibitory) input from the ipsilateral MNTB, an unknown GABAergic (inhibitory) input, and project to the ipsilateral ICC.[21] Most neurons respond only at the offset of a stimulus, can phase lock to AM stimuli up to 200 Hz, and may form the basis for ICC duration selectivity.[22] Notably, SPON neurons do not receive descending inputs from the IC, and it does not project to the cochlea or cochlear nucleus as many periolivary nuclei do.[23]
- In guinea pig, round to oval multipolar cells project to both IC, with many cells projecting bilaterally. The more elongated cells that project to the cochlear nucleus to not project to the ICC. There appear to be to populations of cells, one that projects ipsilaterally, and one that projects bilaterally.[16]
- The majority of information had come from rodent SPON, due to the nucleus' prominent size in these species, with very few studies have been done in cat DMPO[24], none of which were extensive.
Dorsal Periolivary Nucleus (DPO)
- Located dorsal and medial to the LSO[14]
- Contains both EE (excited by both ears) and E0 (excited by the contralateral ear only) units.
- Neurons are tonotopically organized, and high frequency.
- May belong to a single nucleus along with the DLPO
- The nucleus projects to both IC, with no cells projecting bilaterally.[16]
Dorsolateral Periolivary Nucleus (DLPO)
- Located dorsal and lateral to the LSO[14]
- Contains both EE (excited by both ears) and E0 (excited by the contralateral ear only) units.
- Neurons are tonotopically organized, and low frequency.
- May belong to a single nucleus along with the DPO
- The nucleus projects to both IC, with few cells projecting bilaterally.[16]
Ventrolateral Periolivary Nucleus (VLPO)
- Located ventral to and within the ventral hillus of the LSO[14]
- Contains both EI (excited by contralateral and inhibited by ipsilateral ear) and E0 (excited by the contralateral ear only) units.
- Neurons are tonotopically organized, and high frequency.
Anterolateral Periolivary Nucleus (ALPO)
- The nucleus projects to both IC, with no cells projecting bilaterally.[16]
- Large multipolar cells project to the cochlear nucleus, but not the IC, in both cat and guinea pig.[16][19]
Ventromedial Periolivary Nucleus (VMPO)
- Located between the MSO and MNTB.[14]
- Sends projections to the ICC bilaterally.[16]
- The nucleus projects to both IC, with no cells projecting bilaterally.[16]
Rostral Periolivary Nucleus (RPO) (Anterior Periolivary Nucleus (APO))
Caudal Periolivary Nucleus (CPO) (Posterior Periolivary Nucleus (PPO))
- Located between the caudal pole of the MSO and the facial nucleus (7N)[14]
Posteroventral Periolivary Nucleus (PVPO)
- The nucleus projects to both IC, with no cells projecting bilaterally.[16]
An autopsy of a 21-year-old woman with autism, epilepsy and mental retardation found a near-complete absence of the superior olive.[26]
See also
- ↑ Kulesza RJ, Cytoarchitecture of the human superior olivary complex: Medial and lateral superior olive. Hearing Research 225(2007) 80-90
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Oliver DL, et al. Axonal projections from the lateral and medial superior olive to the inferior colliculus of the cat: a study using electron microscopic autoradiography. J Comp Neurol. 1995 Sep 11;360(1):17-32
- ↑ Cajal, S. R. Y. and L. Azoulay (1909). Histologie du système nerveux de l'homme et des vertébrés. Paris, Maloine.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kandel, et al Principles of Neuroscience. Fourth ed. pp 591-624. Copyright 2000, by McGraw-Hill Co.
- ↑ Kulesza, R. J., Jr. (2007). "Cytoarchitecture of the human superior olivary complex: medial and lateral superior olive." Hear Res 225(1-2): 80-90.
- ↑ Tsuchitani, C. and J. C. Boudreau (1967). "Encoding of stimulus frequency and intensity by cat superior olive S-segment cells." J Acoust Soc Am 42(4): 794-805.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2
- ↑ Wu, S. H. and J. B. Kelly (1994). "Physiological evidence for ipsilateral inhibition in the lateral superior olive: synaptic responses in mouse brain slice." Hear Res 73(1): 57-64.
- ↑ Brownell, W. E., P. B. Manis, et al. (1979). "Ipsilateral inhibitory responses in the cat lateral superior olive." Brain Res 177(1): 189-93.
- ↑ Darrow, K. N., S. F. Maison, et al. (2006). "Cochlear efferent feedback balances interaural sensitivity." Nat Neurosci 9(12): 1474-6.
- ↑ Warr, W. B. and J. J. Guinan, Jr. (1979). "Efferent innervation of the organ of corti: two separate systems." Brain Res 173(1): 152-5.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Schofield, B. R. and N. B. Cant (1991). "Organization of the superior olivary complex in the guinea pig. I. Cytoarchitecture, cytochrome oxidase histochemistry, and dendritic morphology." J Comp Neurol 314(4): 645-70.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 Illing, R. B., K. S. Kraus, et al. (2000). "Plasticity of the superior olivary complex." Microsc Res Tech 51(4): 364-81.
- ↑ Warr, W. B. and J. E. Beck (1996). "Multiple projections from the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body in the rat." Hear Res 93(1-2): 83-101.
- ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 Schofield, B. R. and N. B. Cant (1992). "Organization of the superior olivary complex in the guinea pig: II. Patterns of projection from the periolivary nuclei to the inferior colliculus." J Comp Neurol 317(4): 438-55.
- ↑ Smith, P. H., P. X. Joris, et al. (1993). "Projections of physiologically characterized spherical bushy cell axons from the cochlear nucleus of the cat: evidence for delay lines to the medial superior olive." J Comp Neurol 331(2): 245-60.
- ↑ Wenthold, R. J., D. Huie, et al. (1987). "Glycine immunoreactivity localized in the cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex." Neuroscience 22(3): 897-912.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Adams, J. C. (1983). "Cytology of periolivary cells and the organization of their projections in the cat." J Comp Neurol 215(3): 275-89.
- ↑ Friauf, E. and J. Ostwald (1988). "Divergent projections of physiologically characterized rat ventral cochlear nucleus neurons as shown by intra-axonal injection of horseradish peroxidase." Exp Brain Res 73(2): 263-84.
- ↑ Kulesza, R. J., Jr. and A. S. Berrebi (2000). "Superior paraolivary nucleus of the rat is a GABAergic nucleus." J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 1(4): 255-69.
- ↑ Kulesza, R. J., Jr., G. A. Spirou, et al. (2003). "Physiological response properties of neurons in the superior paraolivary nucleus of the rat." J Neurophysiol 89(4): 2299-312.
- ↑ WHITE JS, WARR WB. The dual origins of the olivocochlear bundle in the albino rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 219:203–214, 1983.
- ↑ Guinan, J. J., Jr., S. S. Guinan, et al. (1972). "Single auditory units in the superior olivary complex. I. Responses to sounds and classifications based on physiological properties." Int J Neurosci 4: 101-20.
- ↑ Tsuchitani, C. (1977). "Functional organization of lateral cell groups of cat superior olivary complex." J Neurophysiol 40(2): 296-318.
- ↑ Rodier PM, Ingram JL, Tisdale B, Nelson S, Romano J (1996). "Embryological origin for autism: developmental anomalies of the cranial nerve motor nuclei". J Comp Neurol. 370 (2): 247–61. PMID 8808733.
External links
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.


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Improved response, safety and ergonomics
SKF offers innovative solutions in the areas of by-wire and mechatronics technology. These can bring many advantages over traditional mechanical solutions, including:
- Improved response times - and reduced weight - by eliminating mechanical linkages
- Increased safety through computer controlled intervention of vehicle controls
- Better ergonomics by reducing the amount of force and range of movement required by the driver, and by greater flexibility in the location of controls. This flexibility also dramatically increases the number of options for the vehicle's design
Enables advanced vehicle functions with positive impact on productivity, comfort and safety which are not possible with the traditional mechanical solutions (i.e. automatic activation of a parking brake when vehicle is turned off, steering ratio variable with vehicle conditions, etc.)


text:
Jennifer Lawrence Is the New, Slightly Bored Face of Miss Dior [PHOTOS]
Oscar nominee Jennifer Lawrence is the new high-fashion face of the Miss Dior campaign, which apparently focuses on accessories and handbags for the pale, veil-wearing lady.
Lawrence's ads, which were shot by Willy Vanderperre and styled by Olivier Rizzo, will begin appearing in magazines this month with more to be released in April. We hope those have a little more spark to them.
Don't get us wrong -- we love J-Law and she looks beyond beautiful in these photos, but she also looks a little not-very-Jennifer-Lawrence. We want the girl who gets into car accidents trying to spot Honey Boo Boo, not a bored haute couture mannequin.
Check out a couple more gorgeous if severe black-and-white shots of Lawrence below.


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Compiled from selected police activity reports.
Buckeye Lake
• Oct. 2: A Hebron man was cited for a hit skip, or leaving the scene of an accident.
• Oct. 2: A driver was cited for running a red light on Hebron Road.
• Oct. 2: A Heath man said that someone in Buckeye Lake Village vandalized his car.
• Oct. 3: A Renner Street man reported that someone entered his home without permission and stole several items. There were no signs of forced entry.
• Oct. 3: A driver was cited for traveling 47 in a 35 mile per hour zone.
• Oct. 3: Two drivers were cited for running a stop sign at Hunts Landing and Mill Dam roads.
• Oct. 4: At roughly 10:30 p.m. Tuesday night, a loud explosion rocked Buckeye Lake Village that was felt as far away as Hebron, said Buckeye Lake Police Captain James Hanzey. "It rattled windows everywhere," he said. Hanzey speculates a professional grade firework detonated in Leisure Village was the focus of the blast and the incident is under an active investigation. He said there was no damage, but Hanzey will contact the Columbus Bomb Squad and local fireworks distributors for more information. There are currently no suspects.
• Oct. 4: A driver was cited for running a stop sign at Hebron and Mill Dam roads.
• Aug. 22: Police were called about a suspicious vehicle in the Lake Forest subdivision. Police found the vehicle. The driver said he was practicing driving his standard shift vehicle.
• Aug. 23: A driver was cited for going 65 mph in a 50 mph zone on Ohio 79 at US 40.
• Aug. 23: Police were called to a Greenbriar home on a report of an altercation between the complainant's juvenile daughter and another female juvenile. Both were reportedly sending each other threatening text messages.
• Aug. 23: Police responded to an alarm drop at Cumberland Meadows. The building checked secure.
• Aug. 25: A Broadway Street apartment resident complained about receiving numerous calls trying to scam him. Police saw the numbers were from California, Nevada and overseas. They suggested he ignore calls from those areas.
Police reported the following traffic incidents occurring Sept. 19-30:
• Athens resident, 31, was cited for fictitious tags and traveling 80 in a 65 mile per hour zone.
• Frazeysburg resident, 21, was arrested for driving under suspension, no operator's license, and illegally tinted windows.
• Pataskala resident, 44, was cited for reckless operation.
• Thornville resident, 36, was cited for driving under suspension.
• Glenford resident, 19, cited for 81 in a 65 mile per hour zone.
• Zanesville resident, 26, cited for 82 in a 65 mile per hour zone and reckless operation.
• Pataskala resident, 59, was arrested for driving under suspension and no operator's license.
• Baltimore resident, 33, was cited for 82 in a 65 mile per hour zone.
• Sept. 21: Officers were dispatched in reference to a suspicious person. They were advised an African-American male was approaching random houses, flashing a gas company work ID, asking to see residents' utility and bank statements, and then asking for cash donations. Officers approached the subject as he was walking along US 40 near Cemetery Road. The subject was identified and received a courtesy ride to his hotel with a warning not to solicit services without a permit.
• Sept. 29: Officers were dispatched to the Flying J service station. Several truck drivers complained that two females were in the parking lot, attempting to solicit money for sex. As one officer arrived on the scene, the two females and one male attempted to flee in a van. Another cruiser pursued and stopped the van. The subjects, all from Newark, were identified and charges are pending.
• Sept. 30: Officer witnessed two males sitting in a parked car on US 40 consuming what appeared to be alcoholic beverages. As the officer approached the vehicle, the males fled the vehicle and ran down an alley. Both males were apprehended and found to be 18 and 19 years old. They also possessed drug paraphernalia.
Both were arrested on several charges and transported to Licking County jail.
• Sept. 30: A resident reported a break-in at his apartment. Its door and lock were damaged. The case is under investigation.
• Sept. 30: A female resident, 57, was arrested for obstructing official business, disorderly conduct, and resisting arrest.


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EU Research FundingCopyright: RWTH Aachen
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The EU Framework Program for Research and Innovation
In the period between 2014 and 2020, HORIZON 2020, the EU framework program for research and innovation, provides almost 80 million euros for the cross-border collaboration of companies, research institutions, and universities.
The program seeks provides funding for research projects that address Europe's current social, economic, ecological and industrial challenges. In addition, it is to generate economic growth and provide a boost to employment through improved innovation of products, services, and processes.
We are happy to advise you on how to benefit from EU research funding opportunities.
Information on EU Research Funding for RWTH Researchers
Our intranet pages provide detailed information on EU Research Funding opportunities which help the University's researchers to apply for and implement HORIZON 2020 projects.
In particular, we provide a broad range of tools, such as guidelines, prefilled forms and templates, model contracts, and salary tables for cost calculation purposes. These can be found in the different sections, that is, Information Phase, Proposal Writing Phase, Implementation Phase, and Finances and Reporting.
Moreover, we have compiled a number of important links to useful EU funding-related web sites. We provide information on the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, EIT for short, and the Knowledge and Innovation Communities, KIC. Finally, you can find statistical information on external funding at RWTH Aachen University.
On out intranet pages, we offer further information on the application/proposal process, the implementation of projects, and the broad range of opportunities provided by the EU Research Framework Program. In addition, we provide you with information on the option to become an EU peer reviewer, who assists in the evaluation of proposals. This role offers interesting insights in the research project evaluation process, enhancing your knowledge of how to write successful proposals.