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Canadian Patents Database / Patent 2161712 Summary
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English Abstract
There is provided a melt extrudable, moisture
curable thermoplastic polymer which is produced from a
silane modified elastomeric polymer and which has improved
hysteresis, reduced stress decay and improved creep
properties. The polymer may be processed into a nonwonen
web, film or foam which may be laminated to other materials
such as spunbond polyolefin layers and may be used in
medical, personal care, feminine hygiene and other
1. An melt extrudable, moisture curable,
thermoplastic polymer composition comprising an
elastomeric polymer which has been modified by the
addition of a silane, wherein said silane is an
organosilane selected from the group consisting of
aminosilanes, epoxysilanes, ureidosilane,
vinylsilanes and mixtures thereof having the
wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of
double bonded groups capable of reaction under
radical polymerization conditions; R1, R2, and R3
are selected from the group consisting of reactive
and unreactive groups, provided, however, that at
least one R group must be reactive in order to
function as a hydrolytically reactive agent; and
wherein said silane has been added to said
elastomeric polymer in an amount between about
0.01 and about 10 weight percent.
2. The thermoplastic polymer of claim 1 wherein said
thermoplastic polymer has been processed into an
article selected from the group consisting of
nonwoven webs, films and foams, and has been
exposed to moisture for a time and temperature
sufficient to cure said polymer.
3. The web of claim 1 wherein said silane is a
4. The thermoplastic polymer of claim 1 wherein said
silane is selected from the group consisting of
fully hydrolyzed, partially hydrolyzed and
unhydrolyzed silanes.
5. The thermoplastic polymer of claim 1 wherein said
elastomeric polymer is selected from the group
consisting of polyolefins, polyesters,
polyetheresters, polyamides and polyurethanes.
6. The thermoplastic polymer of claim 5 wherein said
elastomeric polymer is a polyolefin and said
polyolefin is a styrenic block copolymer.
7. The thermoplastic polymer of claim 6 wherein said
styrenic block copolymer is a
poly(styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene) block
8. The thermoplastic polymer claim 2 wherein said
article is a web and said web has been produced by
a process selected from the group consisting of
spunbonding, meltblowing, meltspraying and bonded
carded web processes.
9. The web of claim 8 which is present in a product
selected from the group consisting of medical
products, personal care products and outdoor
10. The web of claim 9 wherein said product is a
personal care product and said personal care
product is a diaper.
11. The web of claim 9 wherein said product is a
personal care product and said personal care
product is a feminine hygiene product.
12. The web of claim 9 wherein said product is a
medical product and said medical product is a
surgical gown.
13. The web of claim 9 wherein said product is a
medical product and said medical product is a face
14. The web of claim 9 wherein said product is a
personal care product and said personal care
product is a wiper.
15. The polymer of claim 3 wherein said web has a
recovery strength of at least 15 percent greater
at 50 percent extension, than a similar
elastomeric nonwoven web produced without silane
modified polymer.
16. The web of claim 3 further comprising a first
layer of a spunbond polypropylene fabric.
17. The web of claim 16 further comprising a second
layer of a spunbond polypropylene adjacent said
thermoplastic polymer web.
18. The nonwoven fabric of claim 17 wherein said
nonwoven spunbond layers and said thermoplastic
polymer web are bonded to form a laminate.
19. The laminate of claim 18 wherein said layers are
bonded together to form a laminate by a method
selected from the group consisting of thermal
bonding, ultrasonic bonding, hydroentanglement,
needlepunch bonding and adhesive bonding.
20. An elastomeric nonwoven web comprising filaments
of a poly(styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene) block
copolymer, wherein said polymer has been modified
by the addition of a vinyltrimethoxysilane
coupling agent in an amount between about 0.01 and
about 10 weight percent and wherein said web has
been exposed to moisture for a time and
temperature sufficient to cure said polymer.
21 61 71 2
This invention relates to the modification of
polymers useful in producing nonwoven webs, films and
foams. More particularly, the modification of elastomeric
polymers in order to increase the internal bonding in such
materials and thereby improve their properties.
Nonwoven fabrics or webs and films are useful in
a variety of applications and are often included as
components of diapers, feminine care products, and surgical
gowns as well as more durable applications in geotextiles,
car covers and other protective fabrics.
Nonwoven webs are produced by binding together a
multitude of individual filaments- or fibers made from
various polymers such as polyolefins, polyesters,
polyetheresters, polyamides and polyurethanes. These
filaments may be made by a number of techniques, the most
common being spunbonding and meltblowing.
More recent polymer developments have brought
elastomeric polymers into prominence for the production of
nonwoven webs, foams and films, since, though they are
usually more costly than non-elastomeric polymers, they
provide desirable stretch and recovery properties
previously unavailable in such materials.
While elastomeric nonwoven webs represent a major
step forward in many applications, an issue with nonwoven
webs made from elastomeric polymers which has remained is
the suitability of their stretch and recovery properties
for particular end-use applications. A need has been
perceived for an elastomeric nonwoven web with improved
hysteresis, improved strength, reduced stress decay and
improved creep properties and this likewise applies to
films. Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to
provide an elastomeric compostion which will yield a film,
foam or nonwoven web with improved hysteresis, improved
strength, stress decay and creep properties.
According to aspects of the present invention, ~e invention relates to
melt extrudable, moisture curable polymer which is produced
from a silane modified elastomeric polymer. The
elastomeric polymer may be, for example, a polyolefin,
polyester, polyetherester, polyamide or polyurethane and
the silane may be an organosilane such as aminosilane,
epoxysilane, ureidosilane, vinylsilane and mixtures
thereof. The amount of silane added to the polymer is
preferably between 0.01 and 10 weight percent and the web
is exposed to conditions of humidity and temperature for a
time sufficient to cure the polymer.
As used herein the term "nonwoven fabric or web"
means a web having a structure of individual fibers or
threads which are interlaid, but not in an identifiable
manner as in a knitted fabric. Nonwoven fabrics or webs
have been formed from many processes such as for example,
meltblowing processes, meltspraying processes, spunbonding
processes, and bonded carded web processes. The basis
weight of nonwoven fabrics is usually expressed in ounces
of material per square yard (osy) or grams per square meter
(gsm) and the fiber diameters useful are usually expressed
in microns. (Note that to convert from osy to gsm,
multiply osy by 33.91).
As used herein the term "microfibers" means small
diameter fibers having an average diameter not greater than
about 75 microns, for example, having an average diameter
of from about 0.5 microns to about 50 microns, or more
particularly, microfibers may have an average diameter of
from about 2 microns to about 40 microns. Another
frequently used expression of fiber diameter is denier.
The diameter of, for example, a polypropylene fiber given
in microns, may be converted to denier by squaring, and
multiplying the result by 0.00629, thus, a 15 micron
polypropylene fiber has a denier of about 1.42 (152 x
0.00629 = 1.415).
As used herein the term "spunbonded fibers" refers
to small diameter fibers which are formed by extruding
molten thermoplastic material as filaments from a plurality
of fine, usually circular capillaries of a spinnerette with
the diameter of the extruded filaments then being rapidly
reduced as by, for example, in U.S. Patent no. 4,340,563 to
Appel et al., and U.S. Patent no. 3,692,618 to Dorschner et
al., U.S. Patent no. 3,802,817 to Matsuki et al., U.S.
Patent nos. 3,338,992 and 3,341,394 to Kinney, U.S. Patent
nos. 3,502,763 and 3,909,009 to Levy, and U.S. Patent no.
3,542,615 to Dobo et al. Spunbond fibers are generally
continuous and have diameters larger than 7 microns, more
particularly, between about 10 and 20 microns.
As used herein the term "meltblown fibers" means
fibers formed by extruding a molten thermoplastic material
through a plurality of fine, usually circular, die
capillaries as molten threads or filaments into converging
high velocity gas (e.g. air) streams which attenuate the
filaments of molten thermoplastic material to reduce their
diameter, which may be to microfiber diameter. Thereafter,
the meltblown fibers are carried by the high velocity gas
stream and are deposited on a collecting surface to form a
web of randomly disbursed meltblown fibers. Such a process
is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent no. 3,849,241 to
Butin. Meltblown fibers are microfibers which are
generally smaller than 10 microns in diameter.
As used herein the term "polymer" generally
includes but is not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers,
such as for example, block, graft, random and alternating
copolymers, terpolymers, etc. and blends and modifications
thereof. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically
limited, the term "polymer" shall include all possible
geometrical configurations of the material. These
configurations include, but are not limited to isotactic,
syndiotactic and random symmetries.
As used herein the term "bicomponent fibers"
refers to fibers which have been formed from at least two
polymers extruded from separate extruders but spun together
to form one fiber. The polymers are arranged in
substantially constantly positioned distinct zones across
the cross-section of the bicomponent fibers and extend
continuously along the length of the bicomponent fibers.
The configuration of such a bicomponent fiber may be, for
example, a sheath/core arrangement wherein one polymer is
surrounded by another or may be a side by side arrangement
or an "islands-in-the-sea" arrangement. Bicomponent fibers
are taught in U.S. Patent 5,108,820 to Kaneko et al., U.S.
Patent 5,336,552 to Strack et al., and European Patent
0586924. If two polymers are used they may be present in
ratios of 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 or any other desired ratios.
As used herein the term "biconstituent fibers"
refers to fibers which have been formed from at least two
polymers extruded from the same extruder as a blend. The
term "blend" is defined below. Biconstituent fibers do not
have the various polymer components arranged in relatively
constantly positioned distinct zones across the cross-
sectional area of the fiber and the various polymers are
usually not continuous along the entire length of the
fiber, instead usually forming fibrils which start and end
at random. Biconstituent fibers are sometimes also
referred to as multiconstituent fibers. Fibers of this
general type are discussed in, for example, U.S. Patent
5,108,827 to Gessner. Bicomponent and biconstituent fibers
are also discussed in the textbook PolYmer Blends and
Composites by John A. Manson and Leslie H. Sperling,
copyright 1976 by Plenum Press, a division of Plenum
Publishing Corporation of New York, IBSN 0-306-30831-2, at
pages 273 through 277.
As used herein the term "blend" means a mixture of
two or more polymers while the term "alloy" means a sub-
class of blends wherein the components are immiscible but
have been compatibilized. "Miscibility" and
"immiscibility" are defined as blends having negative and
positive values, respectively, for the free energy of
mixing. Further, "compatibilization" is defined as the
process of modifying the interfacial properties of an
immiscible polymer blend in order to make an alloy.
As used herein, the term "bonding window" means
the range of temperature of the calender rolls used to bond
the nonwoven fabric together, over which such bonding is
successful. For polypropylene spunbond, this bonding
window is typically from about 270F to about 310F (132C
to 154C). Below about 270 F the polypropylene is not hot
enough to melt and bond and above about 310F the
polypropylene will melt excessively and can stick to the
calender rolls. Polyethylene has an even narrower bonding
As used herein, the term "machine direction" or MD
means the length of a fabric in the direction in which it
is produced. The term "cross machine direction" or CD
means the width of fabric, i.e. a direction generally
perpendicular to the MD.
As used herein, the terms "necking" or "neck
stretching" interchangeably refer to a method of elongating
a nonwoven fabric, generally in the machine direction, to
reduce its width in a controlled manner to a desired
amount. The controlled stretching may take place under
cool, room temperature or greater temperatures and is
limited to an increase in overall dimension in the
direction being stretched up to the elongation required to
break the fabric, which in most cases is about 1.2 to 1.4
times. When relaxed, the web retracts toward its original
dimensions. Such a process is disclosed, for example, in
U.S. Patent no. 4,443,513 to Meitner and Notheis, and U.S.
Patents no. 4,965,122, 4,981,747 and 5,114,781 to Morman.
21 61 71 2
As used herein the term "neck softening" means
neck stretching carried out without the addition of heat to
the material as it is stretched.
As used herein, the term "neckable material" means
any material which can be necked.
As used herein, the term "necked material" refers
to any material which has been constricted in at least one
dimension by processes such as, for example, drawing or
As used herein the term "recover" refers to a
contraction of a stretched material upon termination of a
biasing force following stretching of the material by
application of the biasing force. For example, if a
material having a relaxed, unbiased length of one (l) inch
was elongated 50 percent by stretching to a length of one
and one half (1.5) inches the material would have a
stretched length that is 150 percent of its relaxed length.
If this exemplary stretched material contracted, that is
recovered to a length of one and one tenth ~1.1) inches
after release of the biasing and stretching force, the
material would have recovered 80 percent (0.4 inch) of its
As used herein the term "un-necking" means a process
applied to a reversibly necked material to extend it to at
least its original, pre-necked dimensions by the
application of a stretching force in a longitudinal or
cross-machine direction which causes it to recover to
within at least about 50 percent of its reversibly necked
dimensions upon release of the stretching force.
As used herein, the term "medical product" means
surgical gowns and drapes, face masks, head coverings, shoe
coverings wound dressings, bandages, sterilization wraps
and the like.
As used herein, the term "personal care product"
means diapers, training pants, absorbent underpants, adult
incontinence products, wipers and feminine hygiene
- 2 1 6 1 7 1 2
As used herein, the term "outdoor fabric" means a
fabric which is primarily, though not exclusively, used
outdoors. outdoor fabric includes fabric used in
protective covers, camper/trailer fabric, tarpaulins,
awnings, canopies, tents, agricultural fabrics and outdoor
apparel such as head coverings, industrial work wear and
coveralls, pants, shirts, jackets, gloves, socks, shoe
coverings, and the like.
As used herein, the term "protective cover" means
a cover for vehicles such as cars, trucks, boats,
airplanes, motorcycles, bicycles, golf carts, etc., covers
for equipment often left outdoors like grills, yard and
garden equipment (mowers, roto-tillers, etc.) and lawn
furniture, as well as floor coverings, table cloths and
picnic area covers.
Elastomeric polymers are useful in the production of
nonwoven webs, films and foams for a variety of
Nonwoven fabrics have been produced for a number of
years according to, for example, the spunbonding and
meltblowing processes. Such webs are useful in
applications such as garments, personal care products,
medical products and outdoor fabrics. The preferred
process for the practice of this invention is meltblowing.
Nonwoven webs are made from filaments or fibers of
thermoplastic polymer extruded through small orifices and
then usually drawn by air streams and deposited onto a
moving conveyor belt or "forming wire". After deposition
onto the forming wire the filaments may be bonded between
the rollers of a heated calender for increased web
integrity if necessary or may be further processed into
another form directly.
Nonwoven webs are most commonly produced from
homopolymers. Nonwoven fabrics of biconstituent fibers may
also be used in these processes and the web may be formed
from bicomponent fibers as well.
A relatively recent development in the production of
nonwoven webs has been the use of elastomeric thermoplastic
polymers to form the filaments for the we~. Such polymers
provide the added property of stretch and recovery to the
web and open new avenues of application for such materials.
While such materials have found widespread acceptance,
there remains a need for an elastomeric polymer which can
be processed into a film, foam or nonwoven web with
superior recovery properties than those which are currently
available. This invention provides such material.
The instant invention provides a thermoplastic polymer
suitable for nonwoven web, film and foam production,
wherein the original elastomeric polymer has been modified
by the addition of a silane. Such modification results in
superior hysteresis, strength, creep resistance and stress
decay when compared to a non-modified elastomeric polymer.
Elastomeric polymers useful in film and foam
production and spunbonding and meltblowing generally
include polyolefins like styrenic block copolymers,
polyesters, polyetheresters, polyamides, polyurethanes,
ethylene vinyl acetates (EVA) and the like.
Styrenic block copolymers include
styrene/butadiene/styrene (SBS) block copolymers,
styrene/isoprene/styrene (SIS) block copolymers,
styrene/ethylene-propylene/styrene (SEPS) block copolymers,
styrene/ethylene-butadiene/styrene (SEBS) block copolymers.
For example, useful elastomeric fiber forming resins
include block copolymers having the general formula A-B-
A' or A-B, where A and A' are each a thermoplastic polymer
endblock which contains a styrenic moiety such as a poly
(vinylarene) and where B is an elastomeric polymer midblock
such as a conjugated diene or a lower alkene polymer.
Block copolymers of the A-B-A' type can have different or
the same thermoplastic block polymers for the A and A'
21 61 71 2
blocks, and the present block copolymers are intended to
embrace linear, branched and radial block copolymers. In
this regard, the radial block copolymers may be designated
(A-B)m-X, wherein X is a polyfunctional atom or molecule and
in which each (A-B) m~ radiates from X in a way that A is an
endblock. In the radial block copolymer, X may be an
organic or inorganic polyfunctional atom or molecule and m
is an integer having the same value as the functional group
originally present in X. X is usually at least 3, and is
frequently 4 or 5, but not limited thereto. Thus, in the
present invention, the expression "block copolymer", and
particularly "A-B-A"' and "A-B" block copolymer, is
intended to embrace all block copolymers having such
rubbery blocks and thermoplastic blocks as discussed above,
which can be extruded (e.g., by meltblowing), and without
limitation as to the number of blocks.
U.S. Patent 4,663,220 to Wisneski et al. discloses a
web including microfibers comprising at least about 10
weight percent of an A-B-A' block copolymer where "A" and
"A"' are each a thermoplastic endblock which comprises a
styrenic moiety and where "B" is an elastomeric
poly(ethylene-butylene) midblock, and from greater than 0
weight percent up to about 90 weight percent of a
polyolefin which when blended with the A-B-A' block
copolymer and subjected to an effective combination of
elevated temperature and elevated pressure conditions, is
adapted to be extruded, in blended form with the A-B-A'
block copolymer. Polyolefins useful in Wisneski et al. may
be polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, ethylene
copolymers, propylene copolymers, butene copolymers, and
mixtures thereof.
Commercial examples of such elastomeric copolymers
are, for example, those known as KRATON~ materials which
are available from Shell Chemical Company of Houston,
Texas. KRATON~ block copolymers are available in several
different formulations, a number of which are identified in
U.S. Patent 4,663,220, hereby incorporated by reference.
Particularly suitable elastomeric polymers are elastomeric
poly(styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene) block copolymers
available from the Shell Chemical Company of Houston, Texas
under the trade designations KRATON~ G-1657 and KRATON~ G-
Silanes are known in the art as being useful coupling
agents in binding various materials to glass. For example,
silane coupling agents have long been used in the glass
fiber industry to form a bond between the glass fiber
surface and the resin into which the glass fibers are added
for reinforcement. In such bonding, it is generally
believed that the silicon atom of the silane coupling agent
forms a bond or attraction with the silicon atoms of the
glass, while the hydrocarbon portion of the silane coupling
agent forms a bond or attraction with the hydrocarbon
resin. This covalent bonding theory is further explored in
Silane Cou~ling Aqents by Edwin P. Pluedemann, Plenum
Press, NY, NY, second edition, 1991, p 18-22. It is
somewhat surprising, therefore, that-silane coupling agents
would enhance or improve the intra- and/or inter-
filamentary bonding within an entirely hydrocarbon matrix.
The silanes useful in this invention are those which
contain hydrocarbon moieties, i.e.; organosilanes,
including organoalkoxysilanes and are of the following
wherein Z represents a vinyl, allyl or other double bonded
group capable of reaction under radical polymerization
conditions, R1, R2, and R3 are reactive such as methoxy,
ethoxy and other alkoxy groups, amino, epoxy, ureido, and
vinyl groups, Cl or Br halogens, esters such as acetoxy
groups, or -O-Si or unreactive groups such as alkyl or aryl
hydrocarbon groups. The three R groups may all be the same
~ 2 1 6 1 7 1 2
or different but at least one R group must be reactive in
order to function as a hydrolytically reactive agent.
The silanes useful in the practice of this invention
include aminosilanes, epoxysilanes, ureidosilanes,
vinylsilanes and the like. Nonexclusive examples include
gamma-aminotrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminotriethoxysilane,
aminomethyltriethoxysilane, triaminopropylethoxysilane,
b eta-hyd roxy eth yl t rieth oxysil ane, 2,3-
vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane,
glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. A mixture of epoxy
functional, amino functional and/or vinyl functional
organosilanes is also an acceptable alternative. The
silane can also be used as its full or partial hydrolysis
products or as its polymerization product.
A number of suppliers exist for these silanes,
including Huls America Inc., OSI Specialties Inc., and Dow
Corning Corporation. A preferred silane for the practice
of this invention is a vinylsilane, more particularly a
vinyltrialkoxysilane available under the trade designation
SILCAT Rx from the Union Carbide Corporation. SILCAT R~
silane includes other additives such as dibutyltin maleate
and cumyl peroxide in small amounts. Dibutyltin maleate
promotes the silane hydrolysis reaction and cumyl peroxide
promotes the grafting of the silane onto the hydrocarbon.
The chemistry of hydrolysis and grafting promotion of
silanes is well known in the art.
The silane used in this invention should be present in
an amount between 0.01 and 10 weight percent of the
thermoplastic polymer into which it is being mixed. More
particularly, an amount between about 0.1 and 2.5 weight
percent has been found to be satisfactory and still more
particularly, an amount of about 1 weight percent.
The silanes useful in this invention are usually
liquid at room temperature and pressure though may also be
a solid in the form of a powder or granule, thus making the
mixing process relatively straightforward. In order to
21 6 1 71 2
practice this invention, the desired amount of silane is
added to the hydrocarbon and thoroughly mixed. This mixing
may be done by any method known in the art. After mixing,
the mix is fed into an extruder where temperature and
pressure are applied to melt the hydrocarbon and propel it
towards the orifices through which it will be fiberized as
noted in the above cited patents concerning meltblowing and
spunbonding. The silane/hydrocarbon is then extruded
through the orifices and fiberized, gathered onto a forming
wire to form a web, and subsequently cured to create the
inter- and intra- filamentary bonds which are believed to
be the key to this invention.
Though the inventors do not wish to be bound by this
belief for the purpose of the patent, they believe that the
silane coupling agent promotes or allows the formation of
inter- and/or intra- filamentary bonds within the web.
Such bonds are believed to strengthen the web and improve
its strength, hysteresis, creep and stress decay.
In order to promote the strengthening of the web, the
web must be "cured". Curing is the process of exposing the
web to sufficient moisture at a temperature and for a time
sufficient to cause the above mentioned inter- and intra-
filamentary bonds to form. Curing may be done by exposing
the finished web to heat and moisture in an oven
specifically designed for that purpose, placing the web in
boiling water, spraying the web with warm water, passing
the web through a water bath, exposing the web to steam or
simply allowing the web to sit for an extended period of
time at ambient conditions of temperature and humidity.
The inventors believe that hydrolysis of the silane by
methods known in the art, prior to mixing with the
hydrocarbon, should also function in this invention.
Hydrolysis of silanes is usually accomplished by the
addition of sufficient amounts of water and acid to the
silane and allowing the reaction to take place. After
hydrolysis, the silane may be added to the hydrocarbon and
thoroughly mixed.
The fabric of this invention may be used as a
multilayer laminate. An example of a multilayer laminate
is an embodiment wherein some of the layers are spunbond
and some meltblown such as a spunbond/meltblown/spunbond
(SMS) laminate as disclosed in U.S. Patent no. 4,041,203 to
Brock et al., U.S. Patent no. 5,169,706 to Collier, et al,
and U.S. Patent no. 4,374,888 to Bornslaeger. Laminates
may of course be made with any number of meltblown or
spunbond layers in various orders. In these laminates, the
fabric of this invention is preferably the meltblown layer.
An SMS laminate may be made, for example, by sequentially
depositing onto a moving forming belt first a spunbond
fabric layer, then a meltblown fabric layer and then adding
a preformed second spunbond layer and bonding the laminate
in a manner described below. Alternatively, the fabric
layers may all be made individually, collected in rolls,
and combined in a separate bonding step. In either case
the meltblown layer has a spunbond layer adjacent to it on
either side. Such laminates usually have a basis weight of
from about 0.1 to 12 osy (6 to 400 gsm), or more
particularly from about 0.75 to about 3 osy.
Nonwoven fabrics are generally bonded in some manner
as they are produced in order to give them sufficient
structural integrity to withstand the rigors of further
processing into a finished product. Bonding can be
accomplished in a number of ways such as hydroentanglement,
needling, ultrasonic bonding, adhesive bonding and thermal
Ultrasonic bonding is performed, for example, by
passing the fabric between a sonic horn and anvil roll as
illustrated in U.S. Patent 4,374,888 to Bornslaeger.
Thermal bonding of a nonwoven fabric may be
accomplished by passing the nonwoven fabric between the
rolls of a calendering machine. At least one of the
rollers of the calender is heated and at least one of the
rollers, not necessarily the same one as the heated one,
has a pattern which is imprinted upon the nonwoven fabric
as it passes between the rollers. As the ~abric passes
between the rollers it is subjected to pressure as well as
heat. The combination of heat and pressure applied in a
particular pattern results in the creation of fused bond
areas in the nonwoven fabric where the bonds on the fabric
correspond to the pattern of bond points on the calender
Various patterns for calender rolls have been
developed. One example is the Hansen-Pennings pattern with
between about 10 to 25% bond area with about 100 to 500
bonds/square inch as taught in U.S. Patent 3,855,046 to
Hansen and Pennings. Another common pattern is a diamond
pattern with repeating and slightly offset diamonds.
The exact calender temperature and pressure for
bonding the nonwoven web depend on thermoplastic(s) from
which the web is made. Generally for polyolefins the
preferred temperatures are between 150 and 350F (66 and
177C) and the pressure between 300 and 1000 pounds per
lineal inch. More particularly, for polypropylene, the
preferred temperatures are between 270 and 320~ (132 and
160C) and the pressure between 400 and 800 pounds per
lineal inch.
The making of films is well known in the art and may
be performed at pressures between about 50 and about 500
psi and at temperatures known in the art to be necessary
for the production of a good quality film. Film production
may generally be carried out according to U.S. Patent
5,139,878 to Kim et al. Testing of the effect of silane
addition to an elastomeric material was performed on films.
The following Examples are presented to provide a more detailed understanding
of the invention. The Examples are intended to be representative and are not intended
to specifically limit the scope of the invention.
The following examples illustrate the superior stretch
and recovery properties of silane treated elastomerics.
Samples were prepared by casting the polymer into a film in
a compression molding press at 350F (177C) and 100 psi
over a period of 10 hours. Some of the films were then
exposed to 80 percent relative humidity at lOO~F (38C? for
4 days for curing.
Mechanical and rheological properties of the sample
films were measured and compared with those of virgin films
under identical conditions. The stress was measured using
a strip of film 2 inches (51 mm) long, 0.012 inches thick
(0.3 mm) and 0.25 inches (8.4 mm) wide which was stretched
at a rate of 300 mm/min to 50 and 300 percent of the
unstretched length and is measured in grams. The stress-
relaxation response was measured by stretching a strip of
film, 2 inches (51 mm) long, 0.012 inches thick (0.3 mm)
and 0.375 inches (9.5 mm) wide at a rate of 300 mm/min up
to 50 percent extension and then holding it at that
extention for 20 minutes. The stress-relaxation was
calculated as: (stress at 50% extention - stress at 50%
extension after 20 min.) divided by (stress at 50%
extension) and is expressed in percent.
In the examples in which silane is used, pellets of
elastomeric material were coated with the silane and
allowed to stand for at least 8 hours so that the silane
could be absorbed into the pellets prior to being cast into
a film. Table 1 shows the results using Kraton~ 1657
polymer pellets and Table 2 shows the results using Kraton~
G2740X polymer pellets.
Humidity Stress Stress
Example Silane, Wt %Davs at 50 ~ at 300% relaxation
1 0 0 127 200 23
2 0 4 101 186 22
lo 3 1 4 162 370 23
Humidity Stress Stress
Example Silane, Wt % Days at 50 % at 300% relaxation
4 o o 131 215 33
5 0 4 117 215 33
6 1 4 150 290 32
These results show a large increase in strength
without any deterioration in stress-relaxation after the
addition-of the silane. The results for Kraton~ 16S7
polymer show an approximate 85 percent increase in strength
at 300 percent extension and an approximately 28 percent
increase in strength at 50 percent extension with virtually
no change in stress relaxation. The results for Kraton~
G2740X polymer show an approximate 35 percent increase in
strength at 300 percent extension and an approximately 15
percent increase in strength at 50 percent extension with
virtually no change in stress relaxation.
Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described herein,
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that variations, modifications, and
equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention or
the scope of the appended claims.
Sorry, the representative drawing for patent document number 2161712 was not found.
For a clearer understanding of the status of the application/patent presented on this page, the site Disclaimer , as well as the definitions for Patent , Administrative Status , Maintenance Fee and Payment History should be consulted.
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|Forecasted Issue Date
|(22) Filed
|(41) Open to Public Inspection
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text:
DREAM – formerly Harlem RBI – has been using the power of teams to inspire youth to recognize their potential and realize their dreams since 1991.
After-School and Summer Programs
Since 1991, our after-school and summer programs have grown to serve more than 2,500 youth each year.
DREAM Charter School
Since 2008, our school has prepared students for high-performing high schools, colleges, and beyond.
Get updates from the field
Stay up-to-date with our events, stories, and important deadlines.
Teamwork makes the dream work
DREAM's staff and volunteers strive to demonstrate our organizational values of: teamwork, respect, diversity, promise, effort, integrity and, of course, fun!
Hitting homeruns since 1991
of seniors have graduated high school
of seniors have been accepted to college
of participants have avoided teen parenthood

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Salaam and Greetings of Peace:
This is a simple experiment. Go through one day of life without saying the word "I" or "my" or "mine."
It is related that one of Junaid's teachers, Al-Qalaneis, said: "I was accompanied by some people in Basra who were quite generous to me, but one morning when I said, 'where is my robe' I lost my favor in their eyes."
To say "my" or "mine" in the presence of those who maintain the status of Suhbat (Companionship) is a breach of the Adab (etiquette) of the Sufis. The robe would surely have been brought to him without the need to ask for it, but it was the claim of possession of anything in this world which caused Al-Qalaneis to lose favor in the eyes of the Companions of the Way.
Alhamdulillah! All that we have of earthly possessions, or of attained knowledge, even our children and our very lives, is but a loan to us, and surely the Rightful Owner can take back the loan as He wills.
So, can you gather the intention and frame of mind go through a single day feeling that all things are 'loaned' to you, including your life, and there is no "I" or "mine" or "my?" That all things are prepared for your use and what you owe to Allah, the Rightful Owner, is praise and gratitude and…. well, you can decide what else you owe for yourselves.
The Prophet (pbuh) entered the Ka'ba and destroyed 360 idols. We have an idol in the Ka'ba of our hearts. Its name is "I." – Dawoud Kringle.
– Source of Al-Qalaneis story: Brother Dara's Untired with Loving website. The experiment was also his idea, on TheSufiNotes Yahoo group.
Ya Haqq!


text:
Pendant Lights
Dainolite DSTX-53P Dainostix 1 Light Pendant Light$280.00
This item has been viewed 10 times by other shoppers
Pendant Lighting, Low voltage pendant lighting, mini pendants at LightingMiami.com
What captures your attention at first glance should awake the senses to beautiful compliments in design. Murano sculptures of color, shapes and styles are available from Tech Lighting. Quality and function starts this page with the best. High ceiling types allow for a more linear shape in design. Normal ceiling heights will work with many opportunities. Pendant lighting fixture in a powder room would look great. Off center of the sink area will bring a wonderful touch of style to a very common place of business. Islands in a Kitchen, bar areas, peninsulas, winding staircases, over dining room tables, tall ceilings in hallways, are just examples of areas that work well with pendant lights.
LED Pendants & Low Voltage Pendant Lighting
How much light emitted from the fixture is important for areas that need a little more punch of light downwards. Task lighting can come from Low Voltage fixtures with the MR16 lamp. A reflector type of bulb that pushes the light downward can light up Islands and areas for kids to do homework, or just read the People Magazine. Low voltage fixtures are available with LED, but this should be specified for this at the beginning of the purchase. Halogen low voltage fixtures may not be adaptable to LED with certain transformer types. Consult with the fixture manufacturer for available options. A high Kelvin temperature gives off a blue color tone of light which is excellent for blue glass fixtures. Amber color tones of glass should use a Kelvin temperature around 3500 Kelvin, or warm white. Having choices is excellent. Manufacturers like Elk Lighting have beautiful choices that are excellent in quality and price.
Pendant Lighting Brands
Wac Lighting, Stone Lighting, LBL Lighting and Tech Lighting have a, "Wow", factor with low voltage fixtures. For long lasting maintenance free, specify the fixtures with LED. Ask our experts in our lighting showroom if they have examples displayed with products manufactured from around the world, like the above.
Pendant lighting fixtures can be mounted separately or mounted to track systems. Track systems can offer opportunities with bringing the light to where you need it. From a single power source bendable designs can be achieved. Contemporary and beautiful designs are available for both low voltage and line voltage pendant fixtures. Pendants and accent lighting products can be shared on the same track system. Tech Lighting would be great source to browse. Manufacturers offer canopies that will allow for multiple pendants to hang from a single light source. Staggering the heights of the pendants can allow for an interesting design to high ceiling types. Creating a spiral effect winding up a staircase can create a beautiful design with pendants. Creating a translucent pallet of color over a dining room table can complement your interior designs.


text:
Hi all,
I recently induced tumors in a xenograft model MDA-MB-468 using Athymic nude mice in the dual flanks.
I used BD matrigel basement membrane matrix at high concentration.
The cells were at a concentration of 4x10^6 with the matrigel.
The volume I used was about 200uL of the cells to total the 4million, combined with 200uL of the matrigel.
The suspension was very gel like, and everything was kept on ice, and syringes were loaded prior to inoculation.
I injected the cells subcutaneously on the mice, with the 400uL suspension.
What was observed the first day was a gel like aqueous suspension in the SC layer of the mice, some of it came out.
I have observed the mice daily since the injection, while the size has shrunk a bit, the size is still quite a decent size.
I am not sure if this is a tumor? Actually I anesthetized the mice to check the feel , and it seems to be a hard solid lump after 7 days.
The sizes range from around 100-150mm^3.
Could the tumor actually form this quick, should we wait another week or two to begin treatment? If not, what do you suspect happened?
Thanks so much


text:
Brad Pitt has opened up about his marriage to Jennifer Aniston in a new interview, revealing the union was doomed to fail because he spent much of it trying to pretend it was "something that it wasn't."
In a candid interview with Parade, the movie hunk admits he wasn't good husband material when he exchanged vows with the former "Friends" star in 2000.
He explains, "I spent the 90s trying to hide out, trying to duck the full celebrity cacophony. I started to get sick of myself sitting on a couch, holding a joint, hiding out. It started feeling pathetic.
"It became very clear to me that I was intent on trying to find a movie about an interesting life, but I wasn't living an interesting life myself. I think that my marriage had something to do with it.
Trying to pretend the marriage was something that it wasn't."
Although Pitt's words have led some to believe he was taking a swipe at his former wife by implying she was dull, the star insists that's not the case.
In a statement he says, "It grieves me that this was interpreted this way. Jen is an incredibly giving, loving, and hilarious woman who remains my friend. It is an important relationship I value greatly. The point I was trying to make is not that Jen was dull, but that I was becoming dull to myself – and that, I am responsible for."
The marriage ended in divorce in 2005 and Pitt has since found love with Angelina Jolie. The couple has six kids.


text:
By DAVID GREEN
Planning for the worst; hoping for something better.
That's what school budget making is all about during tough financial times.
It's always a challenge, notes Morenci schools financial director Erica Metcalf. A spending plan must be approved before the start of the next fiscal year even though two key revenue factors—student enrollment and state aid—are unknown.
The procees often leads to a disheartening outcome, Metcalf told board of education members Thursday.
"You can spend countless hours and by the time you're done, it's obsolete," she said.
Metcalf didn't have much in the way of good news for the board to consider. Declining enrollment estimates point toward a drop in revenue that could approach $150,000. That's the same number she projects for a possible deficit in the next school year.
Metcalf presents a worst-case scenario and hopes the situation doesn't sink that low.
A year ago she anticipated the deficit could reach $150,000. Instead, losses ended at $92,500. If the district does end the year $150,000 in the red, the fund balance will shrink to just over $500,000.
"Enrollment is a cause for concern," she said.
As the school year ended, kindergarten enrollment stood at an unusually low 40 students, down from 61 in the year that just ended. Combined with a developmental kindergarten enrollment of 19, enrollment could drop by 12 just from the first-year students.
Add that to the returning students and the district could see a drop of at least 20 students. The actual figure won't be known until the state's official count day on the fourth Wednesday of September.
Metcalf doesn't see much encouragement in the near future, either, with a large senior class of 78 and an in-coming freshman class in the mid-60s.
The enrollment situation will have to be monitored in the next school year, she said, when the final kindergarten number is known and the gains and losses through School of Choice are compiled.
Board members voted later to authorize a $950,000 loan through the Michigan Municipal Loan Authority to cover a shortfall in cash until state aid payments arrive.
MEMBER—Former board member James Place was sworn into office after offering to fill an empty seat on the board following the resignation of Merton Easler.
Place will serve until the school election in May 2009.
MERIT—Seven teachers were chosen by building principals to receive $350 credit for teaching supplies and equipment through the merit pay program.
Pat Burnard and Holly Bella were both cited for their work with the elementary school literacy program.
At the middle school, three science teachers—Dan Hoffman, Jim Bauer and Deb Williams—will share two awards.
At the high school, Math and Science Club advisor Kerry Nieman and Green Earth Club advisor Heather Whitehouse were selected.
JULY—The regular July meeting is scheduled July 7. The annual organizational meeting will begin at 6:30 p.m. followed by the regular meeting.


text:
Fears that Thailand's online gaming shops could be a major hub for swine flu transmission were realized this week, as a computer game shop employee became virus' 17th Thai victim.
The latest victim of influenza type-A, or swine fly, in Thailand has been confirmed to be a worker at a computer game shop in the Ratchaburi province. The Ministry of Public Health confirmed the cause of the 330 pound woman this week, citing that she may have had complications that made her more susceptible to the virus.
The news comes shortly after Deputy Public Health Minister Manit Nopamornbodee issued a statement suggesting that the popular hangouts, where players go to spend countless hours playing online computer games, were a major transmission point for swine flu, with so many bodies packed together in small rooms for large periods of time. The warning was issued after a survey of children that tested positive for the virus indicated that symptoms developed after visiting game shops.
And people wonder why I am a shut-in.
Flu claims 17th victim, 209 new cases [Bangkok Post via G4TV]


text:
Browsing Ph.D. theses by Author "Gylling, Morten"
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
A Corpus-Based Cross-Linguistic StudyGylling, Morten (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Effective communication requires texts to be organised into a coherent discourse structure. But languages vary considerably in how they do this, posing a challenge for effective intercultural communication. Instead of relying on our own preferred persuasion style to be the most effective, we need to take into consideration that people with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds do not necessarily employ the same linguistic means in similar communication situations. This is of particular importance in a business context, and a profound understanding of cross-linguistic differences in the organisation of argumentative texts is needed. In order to address this challenge, this thesis presents a study of structural characteristics in argumentative texts across three different languages. The aim of the study is to examine some of the linguistic means that writers of different languages employ when creating persuasive discourses. The study is based on 150 Danish, English and Italian speeches held by Members of the European Parliament in their native language. The linguistic means under investigation are conceptualised as belonging to three different structural domains which account for different ways of linking discourse units in a text: a syntactically organised text structure, a rhetorically organised discourse structure and an information packaging organised information structure. The structural domains are defined from a cognitive-functional perspective and juxtaposed into a single analytical framework. The analyses show that writers across the three languages generally use the same rhetorical relations to build up persuasive discourses. But the analyses also reveal that the Danish, English and Italian writers textualise relations differently. The Danish writers use almost exclusively finite verb forms in coordinate and subordinate structures. The English writers tend to avoid explicating the rhetorical relations between discourse units, and the Italian writers tend to include more units inside the same sentence than the Danish and English writers. The analyses also suggest that the cross-linguistic differences in textualisation can be correlated with certain persuasive strategies. The Danish writers tend to persuade by analogy, making use of typical features from narratives. The English writers make use of presentational persuasion style, involving themselves in a more personal way than the Danish and Italian writers. And lastly, the Italian writers make use of typical features from quasilogical persuasion style, adopting a formal register and argumentation. This thesis formulates an analytical framework for a systematic investigation of the structure of discourse across languages, pairing theories and methods from the two parallel disciplines of linguistics and rhetoric in order to gain more insights into effective intercultural communication. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8794
Files in this item: 1Morten_Gylling.pdf (2.451Mb)
Now showing items 1-1 of 1


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Gwen Stefani Has the Blues on ELLE U.K. Cover
October is a big month for No Doubt frontwoman Gwen Stefani. She'll turn 43 on Oct. 3 and she'll be hot on the heels of the release of 'Push and Shove,' No Doubt's first album in over a decade. She has the blues on the cover of the October issue of ELLE U.K., but that's just the color motif. Stefani is anything but blue.
Stefani opens up about the difficulties of motherhood, confessing that "being a mom is hard." Stefani has two adorable (and fashionable) sons — Kingston, 6, and Zuma, 4 — in addition to her band, her now-shuttered solo career and her L.A.M.B. fashion line. The continued struggle to achieve balance between the professional and the personal informed her songwriting on 'Push and Shove.' Stefani, who covered September's Harper Bazaar, said the album is "about being overwhelmed and the balancing and trying to do all of it."
At least the lovely and talented Stefani has an outlet like music to channel and funnel her frustrations in life. Lucky for fans, too, since they can relate to her and the everyday struggles that she goes through, as well. Granted, most women don't do it while looking utterly flawless with platinum blond locks, blood red lips, and priceless couture. But strip all of that away and Gwen Stefani isn't too different from the rest of us!
Watch the No Doubt 'Settle Down' Video


text:
New Jersey Toyota Dealers:
You may not be able to pump your own gas in New Jersey, but you're perfectly free to choose the vehicle that's right for you. At Buyatoyota.com, we make it easy to find the perfect car, truck, SUV, minivan or hybrid vehicle from Toyota. Surf Buyatoyota.com on your computer, tablet or smartphone, and discover Toyota Special Offers & Inventory throughout the Garden State. From High Point to Cape May and every point in-between Buyatoyota.com is your one-stop destination for all things Toyota in New Jersey. Cruise on over and do it all: Find new and used vehicles. Locate dealers convenient to you. View inventory. Explore options. Request a quote. Or simply get directions to nearby dealerships. It's all waiting for you to discover at Buyatoyota.com.


text:
We are a complete, full service New/Used Machinery Dealer, providing New and Used Steel Processing Equipment to your requirements and shipped to any part of the world.
D & H's inventory includes Used Slitting Lines, Used Cut to Length Lines, Uncoilers, Recoilers, Rollforming Lines, Banding Lines, Used Precision Levelers, Edging Lines and all types of Metal Coil Processing Equipment. We also sell Coil Handling Equipment such as Coil Cars, Turnstiles, C-Hooks, Sheet Lifters, Upenders (Tippers), etc.
Our Fabricating Division buys and sells Presses, Shears, Saws, Press Brakes, Cutoff Presses, etc.
Our new equipment comes from several sources in North America and Europe. If you do not see what you're looking for in our catalog, call us and we can locate what you require.
D & H Machinery, Inc. can also assist in liquidating or auctioning entire plants. Please call for details.


text:
How Does Your Body React To Energy Shifts
Angel Live Readings with Venus
I work with my life experience as well as Angelic Realms. My name is Venus Perez I am Spiritual Guide, Empath, Healer & Angel Specialist. My areas of expertise are vast. I can help you with everything in your life. Now you may ask yourself, how. We will have wonderful Angel readers, Tarot readers, Psychic mediums, Reiki healers, Spiritualist and much much more for your spiritual growth!!


text:
Abbott's Investigational Treatment for Advanced Parkinson's Disease Demonstrates Positive Results in Phase 3 Clinical Trial
Statistically Significant Improvements in 'Off' Time Over Standard Oral Treatment; Data to Be Presented at American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting
ABBOTT PARK, Ill., April 17, 2012 — Abbott announced today the results from a Phase 3 trial evaluating the company's investigational compound for advanced Parkinson's disease, levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG). The study showed that patients treated with LCIG for 12 weeks reported clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements in 'off' time compared to levodopa-carbidopa immediate release (IR) tablets, without increasing troublesome dyskinesia. "Off" time refers to the periods of poor mobility, slowness and stiffness experienced by patients with Parkinson's disease. The results from the study will be presented as part of the Emerging Science program (formerly known as Late-Breaking) at the American Academy of Neurology's 64th Annual Meeting in New Orleans on April 25. Click here to read Abbott's press release.


text:
SearchSkip to Search Results
- 3Carbonaro, Mike
- 3Cutumisu, Maria
- 3McNaughton, Matthew
- 3Onuczko, Curtis
- 3Roy, Thomas
- 3Schaeffer, Jonathan
- 3Generative pattern
- 3Scripting language
- 2Ambient behavior
- 2Collaborative behavior
- 2Computer games
- 2Intelligent agents
Onuczko, Curtis, Schaeffer, Jonathan, Cutumisu, Maria, Roy, Thomas, Carbonaro, Mike, McNaughton, Matthew, Szafron, Duane
To compete in today's market, companies that develop computer role-playing games (CRPGs) must quickly and reliably create realistic, engaging game stories. Indeed, intricate storylines and realism that goes beyond graphics have become major product differentiators. To establish both, it's...
Cutumisu, Maria, Szafron, Duane, Roy, Thomas, Carbonaro, Mike, McNaughton, Matthew, Schaeffer, Jonathan, Onuczko, Curtis
Many computer games use custom scripts to control the ambient behaviors of non-player characters (NPCs). Therefore, a story writer must write fragments of computer code for the hundreds or thousands of NPCs in the game world. The challenge is to create entertaining and non-repetitive behaviors...
Schaeffer, Jonathan, Siegel, Jeff, Duff, Harvey, Schumacher, Allan, Roy, Thomas, Gillis, Stephanie, Onuczko, Curtis, McNaughton, Matthew, Carbonaro, Mike, Waugh, Kevin, Szafron, Duane, Cutumisu, Maria
The traditional approach to implementing interactions between a player character (PC) and objects in computer games is to write scripts in a procedural scripting language. These scripts are usually so complex that they must be written by a computer programmer rather than by the author of the game...


text:
Availability: In stock
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Use spaces to separate tags. Use single quotes (') for phrases.
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Why not go straight to our product index.
J A Milton Upholstery Supplies, Ellesmere Business Park, Ellesmere, Shropshire, SY12 OEW,England
Telephone - 01691 624023
eCommerce website by


text:
|Glastonbury Abbey - ( http://www.flickr.com/photos/lordspudz/)
When the technology of the printing press arrived, the end of the story wasn't the development of the book. It was what people did with books that counted - how they spread ideas.
And in the printing press model, the changes to the way society organised echoed the mass production centralised way of doing things that the printing press - and later more forms or mass production - represented.
No, the future now isn't digital, it is self-organised (as I have suggested before). The web's role is to enable adhoc self-forming groups of purpose to form more effectively than at any time in history. And since communities of this kind reduce the cost of action - they cut the cost of achieving what more of us want, more effectively, than at any time past. The future that delivers is emerging and accelerating towards us now.
So what does that mean for the world we know? For your business? For your political party? Your form of government?
Well perhaps it's wise to reflect on what survived from the feudal world to the capitalist one? How many of the richest families in Britain were among the richest in Britain on both sides of the divide? And if there are any that survived, were they among the first to adopt capitalist principles of organisation - of both capital and labour?
What of our God and King? In Feudal times the Church sat alongside the King - in terms of power; and always well ahead in terms of wealth. Both saw their places tumble in the age of capital. Today they are at the peripherary: Pomp and splendour - about as relevant as the role of hand illluminator of Bibles.
God and King were superceded by Parliament (democratic legislatures) and the Law.
The question facing all who would mediate, all who would organise from the centre, all who would impose one size-fits-all-solutions on a fragmented fitness landscape, is: are you prepared to adapt to the looming self-organised future, to survive?
Are you prepared to start listening, start adapting to real time need, start opening up, start thinking like a platform to make change with the people who want the same as you (both inside and outside your org)...
If you aren't, then expect the rest of us to be self-organising to answer the question of what replaces you any day now.


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SAN ANTONIO – The San Antonio Spurs today announced they have signed Derrick Byars from the Bakersfield Jam of the NBA Development League for the remainder of the 2011-12 season. Per club policy details of the contract were not released.
A 6-7, 220-pound guard/forward, Byars appeared in 25 games (22 starts) for the Jam this season, averaging 15.2 points, 5.2 rebounds, 2.0 assists and 1.00 steals in 32.2 minutes. He helped lead Bakersfield to the D-League playoffs where he appeared in four games, averaging 13.5 points, 3.8 rebounds and 1.50 steals in 31.0 minutes
Byars, a 2009 D-League All-Star, has played in 104 D-League games, averaging 17.1 points, 5.1 rebounds, 2.4 assists and 1.00 steals in 35.3 minutes.
This season, Byars appeared in two preseason contests with the Miami Heat averaging 7.5 points and 1.0 rebounds in 9.0 minutes. Byars has also participated in NBA training camps with the Chicago Bulls, Oklahoma City Thunder and Philadelphia 76ers. He has also played professionally in Greece, France and Germany.
Byars split his collegiate career between the University of Virginia (2002-04) and Vanderbilt University (2005-07). As a senior he was named SEC Player of the Year after averaging 17.0 points, 4.9 rebounds and 3.4 assists in 34 games for the Commodores.
source : nba.com
Click here to return to the homepage.


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Breakfast is the most important meal of the day — especially if its benefiting the Big Thompson Canyon Volunteer Fire Department.
Sunday was the 46th annual pancake breakfast hosted by the Big Thompson Canyon Association in support of the Big Thompson Canyon Volunteer Fire Department. The event took place, as it always has, in the historic log building belonging to the association, built in 1947, just east of Drake on U.S. 34.
"It was nice to see everybody after what we went through with the flood, eating together at that table," said volunteer fire fighter Tim Brady.
Since 1963, the fire department has served Drake, Waltonia, Cedar Park, Cedar Springs and the Storm Mountain as part of the Loveland Rural Fire Protection District and worked in coordination with Loveland Fire Rescue and Thompson Valley EMS.
There was an estimated 600-700 people who attended the pancake event. There was also an arts and crafts show at the fire department building in conjunction with the breakfast, as well as a bake sale and raffle.
"It was a very successful pancake breakfast," said Cheryl Jiles, president of the association. "I think we made $5,000."
Total funds raised were not available right away, but last year's numbers were around $2,800.
"We were so full, people went outside to eat," Brady said.
"We ran out of eggs. And we had extra for an additional 100 people," Jiles added. Brady said folks hailing from all over the country, from Wyoming to New York, stopped by the event to get some pancakes.
The 2013 flood seemed to be an ever-present character at the event.
"I think because of the flood, it went better," Brady said as he looked reverently at the 1976 flood memorial and the rocks that have been gathered that will become the base for a memorial for Patty Goodwine, who lost her life in the September flood.
"The association has to do charitable work, so we do a fundraiser every year and we chose the fire department, so we can keep the money in the canyon," Jiles said, noting how nice it was to see "mountain people" come out on such a nice day to raise money for a good cause.
Much like during the 1976 floods, the fire department worked throughout the flood to keep the canyon residents safe.
Contact Reporter-Herald Staff Writer James Garcia at 970-635-3630 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him at Twitter.com/JamesGarciaRH.


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A livery cab driver has been arrested after he allegedly killed his traffic agent girlfriend and stuffed her body in the trash can of a Bronx apartment, possibly in a fit of jealous rage, according to police sources.
Police arrested 52-year-old Moises Martinez in the killing of 29-year-old Yajaira Reyes, whose body was found wrapped in a blanket and stuffed head-first in a trash can in the couple's Walton Avenue apartment in Mount Eden early Sunday.
Martinez told investigators after he was arrested that his girlfriend was having an affair, according to police sources. The couple has several children together, though they are believed to be out of town.
Authorities towed Martinez's car from near the Bronx apartment after he was spotted carrying items to it Sunday, according to police sources. He worked in the Bronx as a livery cab driver for Diplo First Class Car Service for about three years, according to Fernando Mateo, president of the New York State Federation of Taxi Drivers. The car company had no comment on Martinez's arrest.
Reyes was a traffic enforcement officer with the NYPD, police sources said.
Martinez's building superintendent, Jesus Ulloa, said in Spanish he never noticed issues or indications of domestic problems with the couple. Neighbors said Martinez and Reyes lived in the neighborhood for only a few months.
Martinez faces charges of second-degree murder and manslaughter, police said. It wasn't immediately clear if he had an attorney.
An autopsy on Reyes' body is scheduled for Monday.
More New York-Area Stories:


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University Police Officers are in constant radio contact with Central Dispatch (E-911) and the Vincennes City Police.
- Vincennes Campus Police from the Vincennes campus: Dial 5555
- Vincennes Campus Police from off-campus: 812-888-5555
- Counseling Center: 812-888-4374
- Dean of Students Office: 812-888-4241
- Hope's Voice: 812-899-4673
- Title IX University Coordinator, Regina McCord-Fithian: Phone: 812-888-6947 or E-mail: email@example.com
Campus Police
Campus Police - 812.888.5555
Mission Statement
The mission of the Vincennes University Department of Police and Safety is to provide a safe and secure campus for all individuals at VU. To achieve this mission, we will respect and safeguard the dignity and rights of all individuals.
We strive to maintain an environment in which the primary education mission of the University can be realized. The men and women of the Department are professionally trained to provide police, security and parking services for the campus community. Our daily objective is to work in a partnership with the community and provide the highest quality of professional police services.
Special Announcement:
Reporting a Crime
Potential criminal activity and other emergencies on campus can be reported by any student, faculty, or staff member. Contacting Campus Police:
- From the Vincennes campus: Dial 5555
- From off-campus: 812-888-5555
- Sexual Assault, Sexual Harassment, Stalking and Other Policies
- Title IX University Coordinator, Regina McCord-Fithian: Phone: 812-888-6947 or E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Nondiscrimination Policy and Complaint Form
University Police Officers are in constant radio contact with Central Dispatch (E-911) and the Vincennes City Police.
Request Event Security
Our goal is to provide exceptional security services with professionalism, compassion, and dignity, while dedicated to excellent customer service and a safe and secure campus.
The Vincennes University Police Department provides police and security services for special events such as concerts, dignitary visits, commencement, holiday celebrations, student and department social events, athletics and many other miscellaneous event.
A tremendous amount of personnel hours are used to cover these assignments. Police officers or Campus Safety Officers assigned to work an event are given specific instruction on the management of that event.
To request event security or special services please submit a REQUEST FOR SERVICE form.
The following guidelines are offered when requesting the university police department's presence at an event.
- Requests for service should be submitted no less than 2 weeks prior to your event date in order to allow for sufficient planning. If your request is made with less than 2 weeks' notice, there will be no guarantee that an officer(s) will be available for your event. The request for service form can be found below. Please fill out and mail to the university police "Attn. Adam Daugherty." This request can also be emailed to email@example.com.
- A minimum of 24 hours' notice is required for cancellation of the request for police services.
- You may request a specific number of officers needed for your event, but the University Police Department will be responsible for assessing the proper number of officers needed based on factors such as crowd size, type of event, location, etc.


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Job Application
Cover Letter
Job Application Form
Job Boards
Account Executive 2 - Cox Business
Cox Communications
Rock, KS
Unleash your potential. Create our future.
Cox is more than a cable company, we are a technology solutions leader. Whether you're selling to a well-established organization or a start-up, we've got the products to help keep your client's business – and your financial success – moving in the right direction. As Account Executive for Cox Business, you will work in a fast-paced, forward-thinking environment. You will be have access to dedicated sales support, marketing and competitive research and back office support to allow you to focus on what you do best – closing deals!
Bring your sales experience and Cox will provide you product training to take your career to the next level. Cox is consistently recognized for our great customer service and performance and we want you to join our Winner's Circle!
The Cox Communications Difference
Cox Communications is more than just a place to work. We strive to create an environment that nurtures personal development and the opportunity to build on your talents and grow your career. We value collaboration – ideas and input are always welcome – we are looking for talented individuals who are self-motivated and passionate to join us.
To demonstrate the value we place in our employees, Cox offers: · Competitive base with uncapped earning potential! · Winners Circle and other awards – we celebrate success! · FREE Internet and other Cox discounted services (in applicable markets) · Medical, Dental, and Vision Benefits first day · Retirement Benefits including 401(K)(Match) · Work-life balance, including generous time off policies: Up to 22 days of Paid Time Off during first year, plus 7 Paid Holidays · Tuition reimbursement · Mentoring and training programs · Commitment to our communities through employee volunteer opportunities · Career advancement across more than 300 businesses in the Cox Enterprises portfolio The Nitty Gritty
Cox Business Account Executives (B2B) sell bundled telephony, data, and video solutions to new small to medium (20-99 employees) business customers in assigned territory; maintain on-going relationships with existing customers, and cross- and upsells customers as long as there is potential for uncovered account growth. Solutions set may include data/transport solutions (Internet, Ethernet), VoIP solutions (SIP Trunking, IP Centrex), and software-as-a-service. Refers leads to other members of outside sales team, as appropriate. Account Executives work independently in the field 70% of the week calling on and meeting with new or potential customers. The role is part of a goal-driven, sales organization with a core focus on growing revenue quickly.
Primary Responsibilities and Essential Functions
Identifies new prospects in assigned territory using multiple sources of sales leads (internal and external networking, and market analysis tools/software e.g. Dun & Bradstreet data to aid in investigating new and expanding businesses). Collects information about prospects' businesses from their websites and other sources to prepare for sales calls and assess potential applications. (Spends the most time on this activity.)
Develops and maintains sales plans for own territory and for each account. · Manages and maintains required pipeline and forecast data, and provides updates as required by management. · Keeps customer database up to date by recording all activities, transactions, and communications with customers. · Prepares regular expense, sales forecasts, and sales activity reports using software designed for that purpose. · Refers contact information for a customer or prospect to another representative if the sale is not appropriate (e.g. out of territory, customer or prospect is too large or too small). · Determines if the prospective customer is on or off-net. · Communicates with prospective customers in person, by phone, email or other technology to develop sales opportunities and set an appointment to understand their business and explore mutually beneficial objectives, using solution selling techniques as appropriate. · Meets with prospective customers in person or by conference call to collect information required to assess their communication needs in detail, estimate the amount and type of potential business the account represents, and qualify the prospect. · Uses a spreadsheet-based tool to assess the ROI for prospects who are not currently on the Cox network and forwards the result for approval. · Collaborates with Sales Engineer and Sales Support Team to determine appropriate solutions to meet customers' needs. Develops proposals and multi-media sales presentations. · Makes face-to-face or web conference cost-justified sales presentations to customer decision makers. Uses solution selling techniques to leverage the position of Cox and the communications products it offers and to educate and influence customers. · Demonstrates observable knowledge of the IMPACT training during the prospecting/selling process. Builds an effective consultative relationship with customers during the sales process to ensure customer satisfaction. Maintains relationships with customers in order to provide good service, develop future business opportunities, and gain referrals. May entertain customers. · Negotiates pricing, products, and promotions with new customers. Verifies that service pricing reflects pricing structures set at the corporate level. · Works with Order Entry Specialist to set up orders for installation. Works with Sales Engineer and/or Sales Support Team to address any issues regarding installation or service for the customer. · Attends job-related training to increase knowledge of Cox and competitor telephony, data, wireless, and video services and offerings, customer premise equipment, networking, consultation, negotiation, and sales skills; attends strategic and/or development meetings with Sales management. · Participates in internal meetings to create product packages, sales processes, communicate and coordinate sales, report on sales activities, implement new products, solve problems, and keep up-to-date with information about Cox. · Creates and participates in opportunities to serve as a public representative and image builder of Cox in the local community in order to network and develop and maintain Cox's presence; e.g., promotes and/or attends non-profit event
Minimum • 2 or more years of experience required in related field • 1 year telecommunications (telephony, data, and video) experience • 1 year successful business-to-business outside sales experience pereferred with quotas and cold calling • Valid driver's license, good driving record, reliable transportation • Requires 6 months experience using a computer in a work or non-work setting • Excellent skill in adaptability, applied learning, assignment management, building relationships, written communication, customer service orientation, formal presentation skills, functional competence, high impact communication, continuous learning, negotiation, PC skills, reasoning, and sales skills, in order to work effectively with teams throughout organization.
Preferred • BS/BA degree in related discipline strongly desired • 3 years business-to-business sales experience with quotas • 1 year telecommunications sales experience • Knowledge of local telecom market, local contacts
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I believe that these methods of slaughter are barbaric, cause needless suffering to animals, are sticking two fingers up to hard-won animal welfare laws and have no place in civilized society.
Also, (in the UK at least) much of halal meat is not labelled as such and on sale in major supermarkets. Subway, KFC, Nandos and many other fast food chains and restaurants are selling halal meat in selected outlets.
Quite simply, cultural suicide and an affront to animal welfare.
Views: 494
What would be the point of starting this discussion and everybody agreeing with me? If you look through the comments you'll find that all but one have disagreed with me and I've replied to all civily and certainly not become indignant!
You are, of course, free to follow your own sense of morality which I agree is one of the greatest parts of being an atheist and I would NEVER dream of accusing you of not being a "true" atheist or say any such nonsense. However, during a discussion of a moral issue in a public forum your moral views will be challenged. When religion also plays a huge part in it and I am shocked by your position specifically because of your non-religiosity then I will most certainly challenge you on it.
Halal and Kosher slaughtering methods are entirely religious in nature and, in my humble opinion, immoral and unnecessary in the 21st century given what we know about animal welfare. If we have scientifically proven standards (which we do) for animal welfare that we believe in, we should stick to those standards and not allow exemptions "for religious reasons". Should we allow exemptions to polygamy laws or permit the stoning to death of adulterers "for religious reasons"? Of course not.
I wrote "every single...that has COMMENTED on the subject". I should perhaps have added "that I have read" as I haven't, of course, read them all. If you can find some that approve of non-stunned halal or kosher methods I'll be amazed.
Here are some of the organisations that are opposed to it, which I'm sure whos opinion you value on other aspects of animal welfare?:
CIWF (Compassion in World Farming)
Farm Animal Welfare Council
In Europe at least, these methods are banned in Holland, Sweden, Luxembourg, Norway and Switzerland precisely because of animal welfare concerns.
You claim that "there are dozens of studies that do not support this opinion, they are however not performed by animal welfare organizations." Could you point me in the direction of some please?
You also claim that "the animals usually are treated better in life than those sent through the mass slaughter system." I'm sure some are but do not forget the approx. 4 million sheep that are transported live from Australia to the Middle East every year (with 40,000 dying in the process) for the halal market.
Melissa, Jews and Muslims will tell you that their slow slaughter method is kinder to animals, why would you believe it? Furthermore, the animals come from the same awful factory farms. Where did you get the mistaken idea that, " the animals are often treated much better in life because of the rules regarding the health and welfare of the animal at the time of slaughter." The reason for the rules is the health of the eater, not the eaten. If the animal is alive and can stand at the time of slaughter she passes. If you really give a f..k you know what to do - or shall I say what NOT to do. Don't kill.
You say you don't know how much the animal suffers yet in the very next breath claim they are not in pain.
Please see my comments above. Every single animal welfare organisation which has commented on the subject condemns it as causing unnecessary suffering.
Oh, the lies we are willing tell ourselves to enjoy that blood dripping from our lips. You say you don't know how much they suffer, then you say they aren't in pain. Atheist don't believe in mind reading, carnists don't think other animals have minds. In fact, they are not in pain as they are cut with knives and bleed slowly to death. They are just faking.
I'm in favor of this method of slaughter, but I don't expect it to be the norm in my lifetime.
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Hollandia Produce LLC is launching a clamshell redesign called the Squircle for its Living Butter Lettuce, one of several products in the Carpinteria, Calif.-based company"s Live Gourmet line.
The design incorporates features of both a square and a circle, optimizing space and enabling automated packaging systems, Hollandia Produce chief executive officer Pete Overgaag said in a news release. On the shipping side, it gives a 20% increase in units per pallet, according to the company.
Sustainability features include a 15% source reduction in RPC PETE used to make the clamshell. A new harness-style master carton used to ship the lettuce reduces total annual cardboard packaging for the product by 40%.
The redesigned package will help differentiate the product from other living lettuce grower shippers, director of marketing Vincent Choate said in the release.
The label is part of the design and doubles as a tamper-evident seal. Consumer and frequent-user focus group studies showed the new design maintains brand recognition while attracting first-time buyers, Choate said.


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BEULAVILLE � Chris Scarborough�s game-winning 3-pointer in the final seconds was just as East Duplin coach Robert Ross drew it up during a timeout.
Well, not exactly.
BEULAVILLE � Chris Scarborough�s game-winning 3-pointer in the final seconds was just as East Duplin coach Robert Ross drew it up during a timeout.
Well, not exactly.
Yes, with the Panthers down by one Ross definitely wanted Scarborough, who�d already hit three 3-pointers, to fire from beyond the arc.
�We did not want to go to overtime,� Ross said. �We drew it up for a screen�, (but) wanted it a little closer, the screen maybe not come up so far. But they were in a zone and jumped it a little bit.�
And, of course, Ross wanted 5-foot-10 senior to hit the 3-pointer, which he did with 24.9 seconds left.
But Ross didn�t plan on Scarborough banking the shot in from a foot or two beyond the 3-point line, which he did to lift the Panthers to a 56-55 win over South Lenoir on Saturday night, handing the Blue Devils their first East Central 2-A Conference loss.
The game was moved from Friday because of concerns about bad weather.
�I knew it had a shot,� Ross said as he watched anxiously from the bench as the shot arced toward the goal. �But I knew it was going to bank, though. I knew it wasn�t going in the bottom of the net. But I knew it had a shot to go in. � The only thing I didn�t tell him was make sure he banks the son of gun.�
The Panthers (7-11, 5-3) trailed 55-53 after South Lenoir freshman Jonte Midgette, who finished with a game-high 23 points along with several nice assists, scored on a layup with 45 seconds left in the game.
After Ross called a timeout with 38.1 seconds left, Scarborough, who finished with 16 points, came off a screen on the right wing and, with a defender in his face, launched what proved to be the beginning of the end of South Lenoir�s unbeaten ECC record.
�Coach, he just told us the play and what to do and we executed,� Scarborough said. �When I let it go, I didn�t know it was going to hit backboard. I thought it was going to go over a little. Thank God, it hit backboard.
�I thought it was (too hard). But it was just enough.�
The Blue Devils had a shot to regain the lead, but Midgette missed a driving jumper from the right and Jaquan Wooten�s follow also didn�t drop before Nicholas Williams grabbed the rebound with four seconds left.
Williams was fouled, but he missed the front end of a 1-and-1. South Lenoir�s desperation shot from halfcourt fell short and the Blue Devils fell to 11-5 and 7-1, although they are still the only ECC team with only one league loss.
South Lenoir used its superior size and length to make life tough under the boards for the Panthers, who nonetheless never wilted from the challenge, repeatedly going inside. And while South Lenoir shot 49 percent (21 of 43) to 37 percent (22 of 60) for the Panthers, East Duplin outrebounded the Blue Devils 28-27 behind Montell Stallings, who had 7 rebounds along with a team-high 20 points.
East Duplin also had just 12 turnovers to 20 for South Lenoir.
�The thing we talked about before the game (was) our energy just had to be up there,� Ross said. �I felt like we could play with them. I knew size-wise it was going to be tough. I have no clue how many blocks they had, but I know they had plenty.
�But I just told them if we could match the energy and put a little bit more (into it) and not get out-rebounded by 10 and maybe out-rebound them then maybe we could come out of here with a big win.�
From the get-go the Panthers battled the Blue Devils, although South Lenoir led 15-10 after the opening quarter behind 10 points by Midgette, including a 3-pointer and a three-point play. But the Panthers used a 14-2 run that included 3-pointers by Malik Baker and Scarborough to go up 24-17 with 3:24 left in the half.
But South Lenoir put together its own run of 10-3 and the half finished tied at 27-27.
The Blue Devils led by eight twice in the third quarter, which ended with the visitors ahead 44-40, but East Duplin went up 47-46 on a 3-pointer by Scarborough with 6:41 left in the game. After that, there were two ties and two lead changes before Scarborough�s game-winner.
�It�s big, it�s real big,� Scarborough said. �It feels good, too.�
South Lenoir 44, East Duplin 42: In a battle of two of the top teams in the ECC, turnover-plagued East Duplin fell to the Blue Devils, who got a 16-foot-jumper by Caroline Jones with 34 seconds to go for the game-winner.
After Jones� jumper, the teams traded turnovers before, after an East Duplin timeout with 11.4 seconds left, Heather West picked off a Panther pass with about five seconds left to clinch the victory.
East Duplin, which was tied atop the ECC with Clinton, fell to 14-4 and 6-2.. South Lenoir is now 12-4 and 6-2. Clinton plays at Richlands on Monday.
The Panthers finished with 25 turnovers (five more than South Lenoir).
�That�s probably underestimated,� coach Mark Lane said.
But that wasn�t all that concerned coach Lane, who said his team�s defense just gave up too many easy buckets to South Lenoir.
�Even though we made so many mistakes offensively, I thought the name of the game was we just didn�t play good defense,� Lane said. �We just didn�t do a good job stopping the basketball at all. Too many mistakes and too many chances.�
S. Lenoir 7 14 8 15 � 44
E. Duplin 8 9 14 11 � 42
Adams 10, Suddeth 10, He. West 9, Jones 8, Ha. West 3, Meready 2, Franklin 2. Totals� 17 8-14 44
McKinzie 10, Woodward 8, Hall 8, Byrd 7, Lego 6, Smith 3. Totals� 14 12-20 42
3-Point Goals� SL 2 (Jones 1, Ha. West 1). ED 2 (Byrd 1, Smith 1). Rebounds� SL NA. ED 19 (Woodard 6, Byrd 5, Hall 5x). RECORDS� SL: 12-4, 6-2, hosts Richlands on Tuesday. ED: 14-4, 6-2, at Topsail on Tuesday.
S. Lenoir 15 12 17 11 � 55
E. Duplin 10 17 13 16 � 56
Midgette 23, Baldwin 14, Jones 9, Wooten 6, Janning 3. Totals� 21 10-18 55
Stallings 20, Scarborough16, Williams 8, Hall 5, Flo. Laporte 4, Baker 3. Totals� 22 7-13 56
3-Point Goals� SL 3 (Midgette 2, Janning 1). ED 5 (Scarborough 4, Baker 1). Rebounds� SL 27 (NA). ED 28 (Stallings 7). RECORDS� SL: 11-5, 7-1, hosts Richlands on Tuesday. ED: 7-11, 5-3, at Topsail on Tuesday.
East Duplin 64, South Lenoir 26
LEADING PLAYERS � SL: Stroud 15. ED: Scarborough13, Stroud 11, Mason 10. RECORDS � SL: NA. ED 11-5, 6-2, at Topsail on Tuesday.


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Aziz wrote:Okay - my two Windows machines have survived the Creators Update - do not be afraid.
Even the improved Edge browser seems acceptable - so far.
Aziz wrote:Okay - my two Windows machines have survived the Creators Update - do not be afraid.
rollup wrote:Well I've been using Windows 10 for about three months now.
Because it came pre-installed with new pc ... pretty good and fast too.
But Edge does not work for me.
I cannot for the life of me figure out why but if I use it it might be okay for a few seconds or half an hour but it crashes the system.
Screen goes black sometimes comes back on but more often than not doesn't so my simple solution is .... don't use it.
Big Fat Frosty wrote:https://www.asus.com/support/FAQ/1010090/
Frankly wrote:I've just gone back to Windows 8.1. I've had terrible connection problems with W 10, and tried lots of patches etc, and nothing seemed to fix it. It's now working perfectly.
By the way can anyone advise how to get my files back from Asus web storage? Pretty please
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