text:
Nen Girith
J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium contains many locations. Some of the minor places in the region of Beleriand during the First Age are described below. It is to be supposed that all of them were destroyed in the Drowning of Beleriand during the War of Wrath unless otherwise noted.
- Aelin-uial
- (S. 'Meres of Twilight') A marshy confluence of Aros in Sirion, held to be a part of Doriath. It was protected by the Girdle of Melian and secret ferries were maintained on the east shore.
- This area had a strong connection to Ulmo, who was able to send visions to both Finrod and Turgon bidding them to seek a place where a stronghold hidden from the eyes of Morgoth could be established.
- Aglon
- See Pass of Aglon
- Amon Darthir
- A peak in the Ered Wethrin to the south-east of Dor-lómin, over which led the only pass over the mountains. The stream of Nen Lalaith sprang from its side, and after the coming of the Easterlings some outlaws of the House of Hador maintained a refuge in a cave here.
- Amon Ereb
- (S. 'lonely hill') The broad, shallow-sided hill between Ramdal and the river Gelion that dominated the southern plains of East Beleriand. As the highest point in that region and the easternmost hill of Andram, which was standing alone, it had tremendous strategic importance, because it guarded the eastern passage around the long wall of the Andram into the southern parts of Beleriand and the northern Taur-im-Duinath.
- It was here that Denethor Lord of the Nandor met his end in the First Battle against the Orcs in the Wars of Beleriand, and much later, Caranthir fortified it to guard his escape into the south after the Dagor Bragollach and the Fëanoreans withdrew there after Nírnaeth Arnoediad. The hill was also called "Ereb" for short.
- Amon Ethir
- (S. 'hill of spies') A hill raised artificially by the people of Finrod in the wide plain of Talath Dirnen, a league (approximately 5 kilometres) east of the Doors of Nargothrond above the river Narog. Over the years, trees grew on its flanks, but from its clear summit the watchers of Nargothrond could watch the lands about with the clear sight of the Elves, and so the hill got its name, Amon Ethir, meaning 'Hill of Spies'.
- After the Sack of Nargothrond, the hill still stood, and it was here that Nienor encountered Glaurung the Dragon. Having plunged the land into a thick fog of dragon-reek, so that only the hill remained above the mists, he cast Nienor into a deep spell of darkness and forgetfulness.
- Amon Rûdh
- (S. 'Bald hill') In the First Age, Amon Rûdh was a stone hill south of Brethil in West Beleriand. It had only deep red flowers called seregon "stone's blood" growing on its top, which made it seem blood-covered.
- Mîm the Petty-dwarf lived within Amon Rûdh with his two sons, Ibûn and Khîm. Mîm was captured by a group of outlaws led by Túrin Turambar and forced to reveal the location of his refuge, which was then called Bar-en-Danwedh "House of Ransom". (Previously, it had been known as Bar-en-Nibin-Noeg "House of the Petty-dwarves".) When it was discovered that Khîm, who had been shot at, had actually been killed, Túrin repented and offered his services to Mîm, who from then on tolerated the presence of the outlaws.
- Amon Rûdh became the base of operations for the outlaws and with the arrival of Beleg, it became the heart of the area known as Dor-Cúarthol "Land of Bow and Helm" (referring to the two captains, Beleg and Túrin), a centre of resistance against the forces of Morgoth. Túrin's location was eventually discovered and orcs slew the outlaws and captured Turambar, covering the hilltop with real blood.
- Amon Rûdh was lost under the sea with the destruction of Beleriand during the War of Wrath at the end of the First Age.
- Andram
- (S. 'long wall') A long line of hills that ran across Beleriand, from Nargothrond and the Gates of Sirion in the west to Ramdal (Wall's End) in the east. It marked a steep fall in the height of the land of Beleriand.
- At the easternmost edge stood Amon Ereb, which usually was not considered a part of the Andram.
- Androth
- A complex of caves in the Mountains of Mithrim. After Nírnaeth Arnoediad, some of the Sindar and Edain that survived the battle took refuge there. Tuor was fostered by the Elves of Androth.
- Annon-in-Gelydh
- (S. 'Gate of the Noldor') A subterranean passage below the Ered Lómin. Originally through it a river from the Mountains of Mithrim flowed towards Cirith Ninniach. The tunnel was enlarged and carved by the Noldor of Turgon when he dwelt in Nevrast to ease the communication with Fingon in Hithlum. Later Gelmir and Arminas led Tuor through this passage, apparently at the bidding of Ulmo.
- Ard-galen
- ("Green Region"), later Anfauglith, was the wide green plain that lay north of the highlands of Dorthonion and south of Morgoth's fortress of Angband in the Iron Mountains, in the First Age.
- In the first days after the rising of the Sun, Ard-galen was a green plain with rich grass, reaching from Hithlum and the Ered Wethrin in the west to the Ered Luin in the east, and rising into highlands of Dorthonion in the south. But the plain was laid waste by rivers of flame and poisonous gases that issued forth from Angband in the Dagor Bragollach and renamed Anfauglith ("Gasping Dust").
- The Fifth Battle of the Wars of Beleriand, called Nírnaeth Arnoediad (Unnumbered Tears), was fought upon the plain, and the dead bodies from that battle were piled up, forming a hill in the midst of the plain, named Haudh-en-Ndengin, the Hill of Slain, by the Elves, and Haudh-en-Nirnaeth, the Hill of Tears; grass grew again upon the hill but nowhere else in Anfauglith.
- Like the other lands around it, Anfauglith sank beneath the waves after the War of Wrath at the end of the First Age.
- Arossiach
- A ford in Dor Dínen near the north-eastern edge of Doriath known as The Fords of Aros. It connected the Esgalduin on the west and Aros on the east. Besides providing the only pass between Himlad and Dor Dínen, the crossing was part of an ancient road running from Vinyamar to Ered Luin.
- Barad Eithel
- The fortress of Fingolfin. It is located in the mountainous eastern foothills of the Ered Wethrin, at the source of the River Sirion.
- Barad Nimras
- A tower built by Finrod, on the Falas between the havens of Brithombar and Eglarest. It was built to keep watch, should Morgoth try to assail them from the sea.
- Bay of Balar
- An ocean inlet of the Belegaer south of Beleriand, fed by the River Sirion. It was presumably created in the cataclysms that accompanied the struggles of the Valar with Morgoth long before recorded history. The Isle of Balar was a large island in the bay.
- The name refers to the Valar (and Maiar), especially Ossë, who was associated with continental shelf areas.
- Belegost
- One of two Dwarven cities in the Ered Luin, lying to the north of its neighbouring dwarven city Nogrod. It was the home of the Dwarven people known as Broadbeams. Both clans were early trading partners of the Sindar in Beleriand. Belegost translates from Sindarin as "Great Fortress". The dwarves called it by its Khuzdul name, Gabilgathol of unknown meaning, and although Tolkien used Mickleburg as an Anglicization of the Westron form of the name, this would clearly have been retrospective translation of the Sindarin name, as Westron, 'the common speech', did not begin to develop until centuries after Belegost's destruction.
- Belegost's only named king, Azaghâl, lived in the First Age, and forged a firm alliance with the Noldorin Prince Maedhros after the latter rescued him from an orc ambush. Towards the end of the Nírnaeth Arnoediad, Azaghâl was killed in combat with Glaurung, the Father of Dragons, but his attack wounded it so badly that Azaghâl's debt to Maedhros was repaid: the remaining Noldor were able to escape from certain destruction when the wounded Glaurung fled the field along with all his brood.
- In the years after the battle, the surviving Dwarves of the Mickleburg did not join the Dwarves of Nogrod in the Sack of Menegroth, and actually attempted to dissuade their friends from it. They thus saved themselves from the calamity of destruction inflicted upon the host of Nogrod by the Green-elves and the Ents, but even so, the emigration of many Broadbeams from their ancestral home become necessary shortly thereafter following the War of Wrath, wherein Belegost was 'ruined' when the Blue Mountains were shrunk and broken at that time.
- Even after the War of Wrath, relations between the remaining dwarfs of the Ered Luin and the Eldar who remained to establish Lindon - successor to all the destroyed Eldar Kingdoms of Beleriand - began at a low ebb due to the calamitous war between Doriath and Nogrod. During the early decades of the Second Age, "The Dwarves of Belegost were filled with dismay at the calamity and fear for its outcome, and this hastened their departure eastwards...".[1]
- Although a great many Dwarves did indeed emigrate across Eriador some forty years after the war to join with Durin's folk in Khazad-dûm, the mountains and flatlands north and west of the Little Lhûn remained Dwarf country. It seems likely that those who lived there stayed politically independent from Khazad-dûm, despite presumably much reduced circumstances: the seven Rings of Power given to seven Dwarf-lords during the Second Age for example, are analogous with the dwarfs' seven clans, amongst whom the Firebeards and Broadbeams are numbered.
- Additionally, one of Tolkien's earlier maps, as shown by Christopher Tolkien in The Treason of Isengard (and also echoed in Karen Wynn Fonstad's Atlas of Middle-earth) still shows Belegost in the Ered Luin in the time of the Third Age, indicating that Belegost may have survived the upheavals of the Second and early Third Ages, or that at least a more recognizable mansion had persisted therein than at Nogrod.
- Brethil
- A cluster of woods bordering Dorthonion, which was probably originally part of Doriath. It was to Brethil that the House of Haleth removed after dwelling east of the river Gelion. Some Drúedain also dwelt there.
- The main feature of the forest was the hill of Amon Obel, upon which stood Ephel Brandir, the main settlement of the Haladin. The river Taeglin crossed the forest.
- Brithiach
- The only ford over Sirion south of the Fens of Serech. The road from Nan Dungortheb and Dimbar crossed Sirion by this ford just to the north of the Forest of Brethil.
- Cabed-en-Aras
- (S. 'Leap of the Deer') A deep gorge in the river Taeglin just to the north of the inflow of Celebros near the Forest of Brethil. A "sheer cliff of some forty feet" lay to its east; on the other side was "a bank somewhat less sheer and less high" and "the water ran fiercely among rocks" in between.[2]
- When Glaurung the Dragon issued from Nargothrond to attack Brethil, he chose a straight route and decided to cross the river over the ravine rather than turning to the Crossings of Brethil. This was guessed by Túrin Turambar, who hid himself under the southern cliff and stabbed the dragon from beneath with his sword Gurthang. Glaurung managed to get across to the northern side, blasting the trees with fire and breaking a great space all about him. Before his death he had managed to lead Nienor Níniel to suicide, as she cast herself down the ravine; and shortly after Túrin slew himself on Gurthang near the brink.
- Thereafter no man looked again down into the darkness of Cabed-en-Aras, "nor would any beast or bird come there, nor any tree grow; and it was named Cabed Naeramarth, the Leap of Dreadful Doom."[3] The body of the Dragon was then burned by the Men of Brethil, and the "Field of Burning" was ever after desolate. A mound was raised for Túrin where he had fallen by the brink, and upon it a great grey stone was set, called the Stone of the Hapless or the Standing Stone (Talbor in the tongue of the woodfolk). Upon it was carven in runes:
- Later their mother Morwen found the stone, and remained there awaiting death. She was found by her husband Húrin, but died on the following day. The Men of Brethil buried her on the west side of the stone, and Here lies also Morwen Eledhwen was added to the carvings. Tolkien writes that "after that day fear left that place, though sorrow remained, and it was ever leafless and bare." But until the end of Beleriand women of Brethil would come there to pay respects, singing of the Grey Lady who sought in vain for her son. Also, a seer and harp-player of Brethil named Glirhuin sung that the Stone of the Hapless would "not be defiled by Morgoth nor ever thrown down."[4]
- After the Drowning of Beleriand the northern brink of Cabed-en-Aras, including the Stone, survived as Tol Morwen, one of the several islands west of the coast of Middle-earth in later ages.
- Cirith Ninniach
- (S. 'Rainbow Cleft') A long and narrow channel in the Ered Lómin, cut by the river issuing from Annon-in-Gelydh and flowing into the Firth of Drengist. Tuor passed through this after escaping from Dor-lómin, and it was he who gave the name to the channel, for "where the water foamed among the boulders or rushed over sudden falls, at morning and evening rainbows were woven across the stream."[5]
- Crissaegrim
- (S. 'cleft mountain peaks') Part of the southern Echoriath, the Encircling Mountains of Gondolin. The area was home to the great Eagles of Thorondor. From here they watched for spies in the vale of the River Sirion.
- In Tolkien's stories it is usually referred to as the "Eagles' Cleft" or "Abode of Eagles".
- Dimbar
- An empty land in the north of Beleriand, lying between the Forests of Brethil in the west and Neldoreth in the east.
- Dimrost
- See Nen Girith
- Dolmed
- See Mount Dolmed
- Dor Caranthir
- See Thargelion
- Dor Dínen
- (S. 'silent land') A relinquished part of east Beleriand, north of Doriath. Contained by one of the upper branches of the Esgalduin (bordering Nan Dungortheb) and the Aros (bordering Himlad), it was said that no one had lived there for ages. To the south lies Neldoreth, and Ered Gorgoroth to the north. The region is best known for the Arossiach, which connected Esgalduin and Aros.
- Echoriath
- A mountain range in the north of Beleriand, also called the Encircling Mountains. The Echoriath formed a natural circle of rock, enclosing the valley later called Tumladen, within which lay the Elven city of Gondolin. A hidden ravine provided the only access through the Echoriath — a way guarded by seven gates.
- Fingolfin, a High King of the Noldor, was buried in the Echoriath north of Gondolin, having been taken there by the eagle Thorondor after he was slain in his duel with Morgoth. Glorfindel was also buried in this place.
- Eithel Ivrin
- A series of small freshwater lakes, also called the Pools of Ivrin, under the shadow of the Ered Wethrin mountains. One of the most beautiful sights in all of Beleriand, the pools were beloved by Finduilas of Nargothrond, who was given the nickname Faelivrin after the Sun on the Pools of Ivrin by Gwindor.
- The river Narog began here. Túrin Turambar was healed from his daze after killing Beleg at the site by Gwindor. Glaurung came by it on his way to Nargothrond, and defiled them. Túrin, passing north to his old home, found them ruined.
- Eithel Sirion
- The source of the River Sirion. Fingolfin built a great fortress in this location called Barad Eithel.
- Ered Lómin
- Mountains that form the western edge of Hithlum. Hidden in this mountain range is Cirith Ninniach, guarded by the gate of the Noldor.
- Estolad
- (S. 'encampment') A wide plain in East Beleriand. After the first Men arrived from beyond the Ered Luin, they camped for a number of years on the plain before moving further west and north. It is located in between rivers Celon and Gelion just west of Thargelion. The Great Dwarf Road runs through it.
- Fens of Serech
- A series of marshes in the Pass of Sirion where many Battles of Beleriand were fought. Formed by the confluence of the rivers Sirion and Rivil, the Fens were trapped in a wedge formed by the Ered Wethrin and the highlands of Dorthonion.
- During the Dagor-nuin-Giliath the Orcs of Morgoth were caught in the Fens for ten days, where they were being destroyed by the enraged Sons of Fëanor. During the Dagor Bragollach, Finrod Felagund was caught in the Fens, and would have died but for the bravery of Barahir. During the Nírnaeth Arnoediad, Huor and Húrin with the remaining Men of Dor-lómin formed a living wall across the Fens of Serech to guard the withdrawal of King Turgon of Gondolin, who took most of the surviving Noldor with him.
- Fords of Aros
- See Arossiach
- Forest between Rivers
- See Taur-im-Duinath
- Gate of the Noldor
- See Annon-in-Gelydh
- Haudh-en-Ndengin, Haudh-en-Nírnaeth
- (S. 'mound of slain' and 'mound of tears' respectively) A great barrow hill raised by Morgoth's Orcs after the Nírnaeth Arnoediad to bury all those Elves and Edain fallen in the battle. It was also called the Hill of Tears and the Hill of the Slain. Legend had it that the hill was the only verdant spot in all the desert of Anfauglith.
- The hill figures in the Tale of the Children of Húrin as the place where Morgoth taunted Húrin. It was also the dying place of Rían, the wife of Huor, who was buried in the mound.
- Helevorn
- See Lake Helevorn
- High Faroth
- See Taur-en-Faroth
- Himlad
- (S. 'cool plain') A land in northeast Beleriand situated between the rivers Celon and Aros. On its northern border to Lothlann were the hills of Himring and the March of Maedhros. Along with the Pass of Aglon, Himlad was held by Celegorm and Curufin until the Dagor Bragollach, after which it remained uninhabited.
- Iant Iaur
- (S. 'old bridge') A bridge over the Esgalduin north of Doriath, by which a road from Himring to the West Beleriand crossed the river. It was built during the Siege of Angband and guarded by the Sindar of Doriath, but after the Dagor Bragollach the bridge was destroyed.
- Isle of Balar
- A refugee camp of the Eldar and Edain, located in the great Bay of Balar to the south of Beleriand, and according to legend it was the northern tip of Tol Eressëa which had broken off when Ulmo ferried the Eldar to Aman.
- Ladros
- Northeastern part of the highland of Dorthonion. It was briefly a fief of the House of Bëor, but lost to Morgoth in the Dagor Bragollach.
- There have been three Lords of Ladros: Boromir, Bregor and Bregolas. Strictly speaking, Bregolas' brother Barahir has also been Lord of Ladros, but he never reigned his fief, as in Bregolas' time Morgoth overwhelmed Dorthonion and Ladros in the Dagor Bragollach, in which Bregolas himself was slain. His brother Barahir and twelve faithful men, including his son Beren, became outlaws in their own land, assaulting Morgoth's forces from their hidden lair at Tarn Aeluin on the southern borders of Ladros. They were betrayed by Gorlim the Unhappy, and all were slain but Beren, who escaped into the south.
- Lake Helevorn
- A shaded lake that was used as a capital by the Elven-lord Caranthir in the First Age. However, during the Siege of Angband the lake was defiled by Glaurung.
- Losgar
- The place of the burning of the ships of the Teleri by Fëanor, at the mouth of the Firth of Drengist.
- Lothlann
- A "wide and empty" plain to the northeast of Beleriand, beyond the March of Maedhros and Maglor's Gap.
- Meres of Twilight
- See Aelin-uial
- Minas Tirith
A tower on the island of Tol Sirion that guarded the Pass of Sirion. Minas Tirith was built early in the First Age by Finrod to keep watch upon the doings of Morgoth on the northern plain of Ard-galen and prevent passage south by Orcs through the Pass of Sirion, the West Gate of Beleriand. It was under the command of Finrod's brother Orodreth.
- In 457 First Age it was stormed and taken by Sauron. Sauron, then also known as Gorthaur, made it a place of such terror and horror it was renamed Tol-in-Gaurhoth, the Isle of Werewolves.
- Mount Dolmed
- A mountain in the Ered Luin that loomed over the only known pass from Eriador into Beleriand. It was here that according to Dwarves two of their Fathers, the founders of the Broadbeams and the Firebeards, awoke. Their descendants later established the Dwarven cities of Nogrod and Belegost. Nogrod was established near and under Mount Dolmed itself, Belegost lay more to the south.
- After the War of Wrath the Ered Luin were broken at the location of Mount Dolmed and an arm of the sea, the Gulf of Lune, broke through it. Mount Dolmed was completely destroyed together with Nogrod.
- Mount Rerir
- A peak of the Ered Luin in Thargelion to the north of Lake Helevorn and the sources of Greater Gelion. The land around the mountain belonged to Caranthir, who built a fortress on its western slopes. The fortress was destroyed during Dagor Bragollach and the Elves retreated to Amon Ereb.
- Nan-tathren
- (S. 'valley of willows') The region, famed for its flowers, where the River Narog flowed into River Sirion in Southern Beleriand. The equivalent Quenya names Tasarinan and Nan-tasarion are used by Treebeard. Following the sack of Gondolin its survivors, led by Tuor, temporarily rested in Nan-tathren on their way to the mouths of Sirion.
- Nan Dungortheb
- ('Valley of Dreadful Death') The wilderness south of Ered Gorgoroth and Dorthonion, east of Dimbar and the river Mindeb, west of Dor Dínen and the Esgalduin, and north of Neldoreth and Doriath. It is named after Ungoliant, who resided there after escaping from a Balrog attack in Lammoth. It is also named for its proximity to the Ered Gorgoroth, where Ungoliant's descendants haunted the deep vales of the mountains, and its closeness to the shadowy webs of the Girdle of Melian.
- Nen Girith
- (S. 'Shuddering Water') A cascading waterfall on the stream of Celebros, where it flowed down to meet the River Taeglin on the borders of Brethil. The falls raise a fine spray into the air, from which they took their original name, Dimrost 'Rainy Stair'. Above Dimrost, the Men of Brethil had constructed a wooden bridge to cross the Celebros.
- From the bridge, a wide view could be seen, showing the Ravines of Taeglin two miles (3.2 kilometres) distant. When Níniel was first brought to Brethil, when she saw that view from the bridge, she started shivering uncontrollably - so much so that the name of Dimrost was changed to Nen Girith. It was only later that the cause of her foresightful fear was discovered: the Ravines she had seen from the bridge would be the place of her tragic death.
- Nevrast
- A coastal region in the north of Beleriand. The name means Hither Shore in Sindarin, as opposed to the Distant Shore of Aman and was originally applied to all the shores of Beleriand (although Nevrast was usually not included in West Beleriand).
- Nevrast was the centre of an Elven kingdom of Turgon for about a century until ca. 125 F.A., when the people began their trek to Gondolin. Turgon's capital (and it seems the only city of Nevrast) was Vinyamar. The land was not permanently inhabited after that, and indeed was utterly abandoned until Tuor came there, guided by Ulmo.
- Nevrast was the first part of Beleriand the Noldor settled, but was previously inhabited by Sindar. Nevrast's population was soon very mixed, far more so than any other region of Beleriand.
- Nogrod
- Nogrod was one of the two western most Dwarven cities, to the south of Mount Dolmed in the Ered Luin of Middle-earth, home to the Dwarven Clan known as the Firebeards.
- Known as Nogrod by the Sindar of Beleriand, which translates into modern English as "The Hollowbold", its true name given to it by the Firebeards in their own language Khuzdul was Tumunzahar, of unknown meaning.
- Obel Halad
- was a town of the Folk of Haleth in the First Age, located upon the hill of Amon Obel in the centre of the Forest of Brethil. From the side of the hill the river Celebros sprang, along which a road towards the Crossings of Taeglin ran until it crossed the stream by a bridge above Nen Girith. In Sindarin amon means 'hill', while obel signifies a walled settlement; Tolkien usually employed the word town to translate it, using it in the ancient sense of 'enclosed dwelling-place'.
- The chief building was the Hall of the Chieftains, a residence of the Halad of Brethil. It was situated on the slope of the hillside, surrounded with wide garth, which was bordered by a "round earthwall rising from a dry outer dyke". Half a mile from Obel Halad (possibly on the other side of Amon Obel) the Moot-ring was built, where the Folk of Brethil gathered to elect a new Chieftain or pass judgements. It "was shaped as a great crescent, with seven tiers of turf-banks rising up from a smooth floor delved into the hillside. A high fence was set all about it, and ... in the middle of the lowest tier of seats was set the Angbor or Doom-rock, a great flat stone upon which the Halad would sit." Not far from Obel Halad were also located the caves that served as a prison, and the Garth of the Graves where the Chieftains were buried.
- The Hall of the Chieftains was burned during the civil war in Y.S. 501, and the Moot-ring was dishallowed by the spilling of blood. Afterwards the Men of Brethil were disunited, "each minding his own homelands", so Obel Halad presumably was not rebuilt.
- Pass of Aglon
- (S. 'high walls') A narrow mountain pass between Ered Gorgoroth to the west and Himring to the east. It was of strategic importance since it joined Himlad and Lothlann, being an eastern passage from Angband to the main Beleriand. It was guarded by Celegorm and Curufin but during the Dagor Bragollach of Y.S. 455 Aglon was breached and the brothers fled to Nargothrond. Some time later (around 469) Maedhros recovered it, but it was again left unguarded when he fled after the Nírnaeth Arnoediad.
- Rainbow Cleft
- See Cirith Ninniach
- Region
- A forest forming the southern part of Doriath, bounded by the rivers Aros and Esgalduin, and the Girdle of Melian. Its name is pronounced "reg-ion" because it is an Elvish name, not "region" as in "a region of land".
- Rerir
- See Mount Rerir
- Sarn Athrad
- (S. 'ford of stones'). A ford on the River Gelion where the Dwarf road from Nogrod and Belegost crossed on its way to Doriath. It was the site where Beren Erchamion, with the aid of the Green-elves of Ossiriand, ambushed a host of Dwarves carrying the Nauglamír back to Nogrod after stealing it from Doriath.
- Talath Dirnen
- (S. 'watched plain') The empty lands between Nargothrond and Doriath in West Beleriand, guarded by the followers of Finrod Felagund.
- Tarn Aeluin
- A clear blue mountain lake in the highlands of Dorthonion, said to have been hallowed by Melian. It was here that the outlaws of Barahir hid from Morgoth's forces after the Dagor Bragollach.
- Tasarinan
- See Nan-tathren
- Taur-en-Faroth
- (S. 'forest of hunting') A forest that lay upon the hills of High Faroth about and to the south of Nargothrond.
- Taur-im-Duinath
- (S. 'forest between two rivers') A dark and gloomy forest that extended over a vast area of land to the south of Beleriand. It was roughly bordered by Andram in the north, Sirion and Belegaer to the west and by Gelion to the east and south. On the map drawn by Christopher Tolkien for The Silmarillion the Forest between Rivers is shown as exceptionally swampy, and in the text is described as "a wild land of tangled forest in which no folk went, save here and there a few Dark Elves wandering".[6]
- Thargelion
- (S. 'beyond Gelion') The land east of the river Gelion and north of the river Ascar, and therefore not counted as part of Ossiriand. After the Exile of the Noldor this was the land of Caranthir, one of the Sons of Fëanor, and after him it was often called Dor Caranthir. The Second House of Men briefly dwelt here until they were nearly wiped out in an Orc-raid.
- The second month of spring in the Attic calendar is also called Thargelion.
- Tol Galen
- The green isle that lay between two arms of the River Adurant in the south of Ossiriand. There Beren and Lúthien lived out their mortal lives.
- Vinyamar
- A settlement built by Turgon in Nevrast on the slopes of Mount Taras at the beginning of the First Age. Vinyamar's population was primarily Noldor, with a large influx of Sindarin Elves.
- The city was abandoned in Y.S. Sun at Ulmo's behest, who suggested to Turgon that he and his people seek a new home that would be hidden from the eyes of Morgoth. Vinyamar was abandoned and fell into decay, but when Tuor was guided there by Ulmo he still found remnants of the great city, where he met Voronwë, who took him to Gondolin.
- Woods of Núath
- A wooded area in the north-west of Beleriand. It was bordered in the west by the hills lying south of the Ered Wethrin, and in the east by Eithel Ivrin, the source of Narog. The river Ginglith began in it. Because the woods do not appear in the published Silmarillion, they were left off the map of Beleriand drawn by Christopher Tolkien.
References and notes


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PLAY - the design way
The ability of playfulness to inform many, if not all, design processes and outcomes is the driving principle of DesignCamp2018 at Design School Kolding. It recognises how open-ended and playful methods can drive idea development and strategic design potential.
Play User Lab
Play User Lab is for companies that wish to design for future play. The Lab intends to strengthen the competitive performance of companies working with play, learning and creativity by increasing their innovation skills and user focus in order to enable them to lead the way in how to design for future play.

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fashion, in dress, the prevailing mode affecting modifications in costume. Styles in Asia have been characterized by freedom from change, and ancient Greek and Roman dress preserved the same flowing lines for centuries. Fashion in dress and interior decoration may be said to have originated in Europe about the 14th cent. New styles were set by monarchs and prominent personages and were spread by travelers, by descriptions in letters, and, in costume, by the exchange of the fashion doll. The first fashion magazine is thought to have originated c.1586 in Frankfurt, Germany; it was widely imitated, gradually superseding fashion dolls. Godey's Lady's Book, established in the United States in 1830, remained popular for decades. In interior decoration the influence of designers, such as Chippendale, Sheraton, and Robert and James Adam, was apparent in the 18th cent., but in costume the only influential designer at that period was Rose Bertin, milliner and dressmaker to Marie Antoinette.
In Paris—the leading arbiter of fashion since the Renaissance—the fading influence of celebrities was coincident with the rise of designer-dressmakers in the mid-19th cent. Paris haute couture has remained preeminent in setting fashions for women's dress. Designers such as Charles Frederick Worth, Coco Chanel, Lucien Lelong, Elsa Schiaparelli, Cristóbal Balenciaga, Christian Dior, and Yves Saint Laurent have had fashion houses in Paris. In the latter part of the 20th cent. such American designers as Norman Norell, Mainbocher, James Galanos, Bill Blass, and Pauline Trigère competed successfully with Parisian designers. London, in the early 19th cent., became the center for men's fashions under the leadership of Regency dandies such as Beau Brummell. In the mid-1960s, London was again for a time the center of fashion influence.
The 1970s and 80s saw the beginning of more divergent trends in fashion. This was the result of the increasing popularity of ready-to-wear collections by major designers, which made fashionable label-conscious dressing possible for the middle class. Ethnic-inspired looks and the punk style enjoyed a period of popularity. Successful clothing designers such as Ralph Lauren, Georgio Armani, Gianni Versace, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Rei Kawakubo, and Geoffrey Beene widened their design horizons, licensed their names, and put their distinctive marks on objects ranging from furniture to cars, fabric, and perfumes. The look of luxuriance that emerged in the 1980s was countered in the 1990s with the production of classic understated clothes. Fashions are adapted for mass production by the garment industries of New York, Los Angeles, and other cities.
See F. C. C. Boucher, 20,000 Years of Fashion (tr. 1967); R. Lynam, An Illustrated History of the Great Paris Designers and Their Creations (1972); J. A. Black and M. Garland, A History of Fashion (1980); M. and A. Batterberry, Fashion: The Mirror of History, (1982); J. Laver, Costume and Fashion: A Concise History (1982); M. Tranquillo, Styles of Fashion (1984); A. Hollander, Sex and Suits (1994); Editors of Phaidon Press, The Fashion Book (1998); T. Agins, The End of Fashion: The Mass Marketing of the Clothing Business (1999); B. Cosgrave, ed., Sample: Cuttings from Contemporary Fashion (2005); V. Steele, ed., Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion (2005); C. Wilcox, ed., The Golden Age of Couture: Paris and London 1947–57 (2007).


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THE SQUEAKY WHEEL- Walk block: You can't get there from here
The Problem: Charlottesville is a walkable community, but barriers to safe and convenient pedestrian movement abound. One obvious barrier is the green plywood barricade in front of the Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Courthouse renovation project on East High Street.
The barricade was erected in February 2006 to protect pedestrians, but a March 30 brick wall collapse halted the project indefinitely. The sidewalk on the opposite side of East High Street is where prisoner transfers to and from the county courthouse occur on a regular basis. Albemarle County Sheriff Ed Robb's current safety policy is to ask pedestrians not to use that sidewalk during prisoner transfers– effectively closing the entire block to pedestrians. When will this be a safe pedestrian way again?
Action Taken:
I suggested to city council in September 2006 that the sidewalk be opened again until courthouse construction work resumed. But the pre-existing sidewalk had already been demolished, and the city and county were reluctant to do a temporary fix while the courthouse project's future was being considered. I contacted Mike Mollica, Charlottesville's capital projects coordinator, in November 2006, and learned that the city and county had just reached a new reconstruction plan and work is now resuming.
Anticipated Action:
A protected prisoner transfer location not requiring sidewalk closings is now scheduled for construction by the county in response to frequent requests by Sheriff Robb. Pedestrian safety may also be given greater consideration in future projects that require sidewalk closings if we pedestrians demand it.
What's Next:
Walking on East High Street will remain challenging through June 2008 at least. Traffic is often heavy on that block, so spend the extra time necessary to walk through Court Square or the county courthouse grounds until safe sidewalks are again available.
What have you seen that needs fixing? Email the Squeaky Wheel at the address above.


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9 March 2017 at 3.29pm | 21 Comments
Canadian choreographer Crystal Pite explains how her new work, Flight Pattern, her first for The Royal Ballet, began with a choice of music: Górecki's haunting 'Symphony of Sorrowful Songs'.
With its themes of motherhood and separation of families as a result of war, the symphony is often associated with the Holocaust, although the composer denied this association. In 2017, however, these themes take on a new meaning in the context of the refugee crisis; a subject Pite feels unable to ignore.
'I feel that… this creation is my way of coping with the world at the moment,' she explains.
'As I've been working on the piece I feel a sense of being overwhelmed and being crushed or pressurized by the subject. I wonder if I have the capacity to manage something so overwhelming; but it's through dance, only through dance, that I have any hope of speaking clearly and truthfully about something that I care so deeply about.'
The work, Pite's first for The Royal Ballet, explores the displacement of millions of refugees across the world, using a cast of 36 dancers to portray a large-scale portrait before zooming in to focus on individual, human relationships.
'One of the things I love about working in theatre is that collaborative aspect,' she says, 'the feeling of building something together that is bigger than all of us.'
Watch more films like this by subscribing to the Royal Opera House YouTube channel:
The Human Seasons / After the Rain / Flight Pattern runs 16–24 March 2017. Tickets are still available.
The mixed programme is staged with generous philanthropic support from the Taylor Family Foundation.
Flight Pattern is staged with generous philanthropic support from Richard and Delia Baker and Sue Butcher. After the Rain is staged with generous philanthropic support from Kenneth and Susan Green.