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Home > Patients & Visitors > Health Library > Family Caregivers in Cancer (PDQ®): Supportive care - Patient Information [NCI]
This information is produced and provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. For the most current information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the Internet web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER.
Family caregivers may be spouses, partners, children, relatives, or friends who help the patient with activities of daily living and health care needs at home.
Many cancer patients today receive part of their care at home. Hospital stays are shorter than they used to be, and there are now more treatments that don't need an overnight hospital stay or can be given outside of the hospital. People with cancer are living longer and many patients want to be cared for at home as much as possible. This care is often given by family caregivers. These caregivers may be spouses, partners, children, relatives, or friends.
The family caregiver works with the health care team and has an important role in improving the patient's health and quality of life. Today, family caregivers do many things that used to be done in the hospital or doctor's office by health care providers. Caregiving includes everyday tasks such as helping the patient with medicines, doctor visits, meals, schedules, and health insurance matters. It also includes giving emotional and spiritual support, such as helping the patient deal with feelings and making hard decisions.
It is important that the family caregiver is a part of the team right from the start.
The family caregiver has the very important job of watching for changes in the patient's medical condition while giving long-term care at home. Family caregivers can help plan treatment, make decisions, and carry out treatment plans all through the different parts of treatment.
This summary is about adult family caregivers in cancer.
Caregivers need help and emotional support.
A caregiver responds in his or her own way to the cancer patient's diagnosis and prognosis. The caregiver may feel emotions that are as strong as or stronger than those felt by the patient. The caregiver's need for information, help, and support is different from what is needed by the patient.
The life of a family caregiver changes in many ways when cancer is diagnosed. These changes affect most parts of life and continue after treatment ends.
The caregiver's role changes as the patient's needs change during and after cancer treatment.
Key times when the caregiver's role changes and new challenges come up are at diagnosis, during treatment at the hospital, when the patient needs care at home, after treatment ends, and at the patient's end of life.
At Diagnosis
Family caregivers take an active role that begins when the cancer is being diagnosed. The caregiver has to learn about the kind of cancer the patient has and new medical terms. The caregiver also goes with the patient to new places for treatment and helps the patient make treatment decisions.
During Treatment at the Hospital
The patient may ask the caregiver to be the one to talk to the health care team and make important decisions. The relationship between the caregiver and the patient affects how well this works. Disagreements between the patient and caregiver can make important decisions harder to make and affect treatment choices. In addition to talking to the health care team, the caregiver may also do the following:
During the active treatment phase, a caregiver needs to meet the demands of supporting the patient as well as the demands of home, work, and family. This may be physically and emotionally exhausting.
During Care in the Home
When the patient moves from one care setting (such as the hospital) to another (such as the home), it can be stressful for the patient and the caregiver. The patient usually would rather be at home, which is a familiar and comforting place. The return home usually means more work for the caregiver.
In addition to hands-on patient care, the caregiver may also do the following:
Caregivers worry about how they'll be able to do all this and also take care of themselves. The caregiver sometimes has to give up social activities and miss work. This can all be very hard and very tiring in a physical and emotional way for both the caregiver and the patient. These demands can be especially hard on older caregivers.
After Treatment Ends
Some patients and caregivers expect life to go back to the way it was before the cancer was diagnosed and this may not happen. Caregiver stress may continue after the patient's treatment ends, as roles change once again. Some caregivers have problems adjusting for the first year after the end of treatment. Part of this is caused by worry that the cancer will come back. When the caregiver is the partner or spouse of the cancer survivor, there may be sexual problems, also. Studies have shown that these adjustment problems usually do not last long. Problems with adjusting that can last a long time include the following:
At the End of Life
Caring for a patient at home at the end of life brings a new set of challenges for the caregiver. The patient depends even more on the caregiver for physical and emotional support. The patient's symptoms also may be more difficult to manage. The caregiver may feel distressed by these new challenges and by not being able to take part in activities and interests that are important to him or her. The caregiver may feel even more distressed if the patient goes into hospice care. Studies have shown that caregivers have a lower quality of life and poorer health when giving the patient end-of-life care than they do during active treatment.
Some hospital or hospice programs offer end-of-life support services to improve the patient's quality of life and help both the caregiver and the patient. End-of-life support services include the following:
See the PDQ summary on Last Days of Life for more information about end-of-life care.
The family caregiver has many roles besides giving the patient hands-on care.
Most people think first of the physical care given by a family caregiver, but a caregiver fills many other roles during the patient's cancer experience. In addition to hands-on care, the caregiver may also do the following:
A family caregiver faces the tough job of taking on new roles and challenges as the patient's needs change over time.
The caregiver takes on different roles so that the patient gets all the information, support, and treatment he or she needs.
Caregivers may take on the roles of decision maker, patient advocate, and communicator.
Decision Maker
Doctors, caregivers, and patients are partners in making decisions. Making a decision involves getting the right information in a way that it can be understood. Cancer patients have many information needs. They want to know about staying healthy, tests and treatments, side effects and symptoms, and emotional issues.
In order to make treatment decisions, caregivers and patients often want more information and they may look for help and information from sources other than the doctor. It's common for patients and their families to do the following:
Information from outside sources is sometimes wrong or may be different from what the doctor said. It's important to get information that can be trusted and to talk to the doctor about it. Most libraries can help people find articles about cancer in medical journals and cancer information written for patients and the public. Good places to get information include government agencies, cancer centers, and cancer organizations.
The family caregiver knows and understands the needs of the patient. The caregiver becomes an advocate for the patient by giving this information to the health care team. Although a caregiver may not have a medical background, daily contact with the patient gives the caregiver important information that helps the health care team help the patient. Information about the patient's symptoms and problems can help the doctor make better treatment plans and improve the patient's chance of getting better.
As the patient's advocate, the family caregiver may do the following:
Good communication between the doctor, patient, and caregiver can improve the patient's health and medical care. The family caregiver will often take on the role of speaking for the patient while keeping the patient included in decision making. Good communication helps both the doctor and the caregiver get the information they need to support the patient. Doctors need to hear about patients' concerns and caregivers need to understand the disease and treatment options. Poor communication may cause confusion about treatment. This can affect choices made about treatment and the patient's chance of getting better.
Cultural differences between the doctors and the caregiver or patient can affect communication. In some cultures, it is the custom to keep a life-threatening diagnosis a secret from the patient and avoid talking about the disease. Sometimes it is left to the caregiver to tell the patient the truth about a serious or terminal illness. This can be stressful for caregivers and increase their feelings of loneliness and responsibility. Caregivers should tell the health care team if they think cultural beliefs may affect how they talk about the cancer and making treatment decisions.
Caring for a patient with cancer affects the family caregiver's quality of life.
Family caregivers usually begin caregiving without training and are expected to meet many demands without much help. A caregiver often neglects his or her own quality of life by putting the patient's needs first. Today, many health care providers watch for signs of caregiver distress during the course of the patient's cancer treatment. When caregiver strain affects the quality of caregiving, the patient's well-being is also affected. Helping the caregiver also helps the patient.
Caregiving can affect the caregiver's quality of life in many areas.
The caregiver's well-being is affected in many areas. These include psychological, physical, social, financial, and spiritual.
Psychological Issues
Psychological distress is the most common effect of caregiving on the caregiver's quality of life. Caring for a cancer patient is a difficult and stressful job. Caregiver distress comes from the practical demands of the caregiver role as well the emotional ones, such as seeing the patient suffer. Family members seeing a loved one with cancer may feel as much or more distress than the patient does. Distress is usually worse when the cancer is advanced and the patient is no longer being treated to cure the cancer.
Caregivers who have health problems of their own or demands from other parts of their lives may enter the caregiving role already overwhelmed. For an older adult caregiver, problems that are a part of aging may make caregiving harder to handle.
The caregiver's ability to cope with distress may be affected by his or her personality type. Someone who is usually hopeful and positive may cope better with problems of caregiving.
Physical Issues
Cancer patients often need a lot of physical help during their illness. This is physically demanding for the caregiver, who may need to help the patient with many activities during the day such as:
The amount of physical help a patient needs depends on the following:
As caregivers try to meet the physical demands of caregiving, they may not get enough rest and may not take care of their own health. Healthy habits such as exercise, a healthy diet, and regular medical checkups may be pushed to the side. Health problems the caregiver already has may become worse, or they may have new health problems.
Social Issues
Caregivers often have less time to spend with friends and in the community as their days are filled with caring for the cancer patient. If there are problems in the relationship between the caregiver and the patient, the caregiver may feel even more alone.
In the beginning, there may be a lot of support from friends. The caregiver may be able to continue working and keep up work relationships. When cancer care continues for a long time, the caregiver may need to stop working and friends may call or visit less often. As caregivers struggle to meet the ongoing demands of caregiving, they may want more help from family and friends. Caregivers can find support in other places, such as caregiver groups and cancer organizations, where they can talk with other families. Some caregivers find it helpful to join a support group or talk to a counselor, psychologist, or other mental health professional. Others also find it helpful to turn to a leader in their faith or spiritual community.
Money Issues
There are many financial costs of cancer. Families must pay insurance deductibles, copayments, and for services that are not covered by insurance, such as transportation and home care help. Some caregivers give up their jobs and income so they can stay home with the patient, which makes it harder to pay for everything.
Caregivers who work may have less distress if they are able to take leave from work under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA). FMLA applies to businesses with at least 50 employees. It allows employees to take time off from work for their own illness or a relative's serious medical condition without losing their jobs or benefits. Caregivers may take up to 12 weeks of leave.
Spiritual Issues
Feelings of spiritual well-being may help lower the caregiver's stress. Keeping faith and finding meaning and hope have been shown to decrease the effect of caregiving stress on mental health. Spiritual well-being may help some caregivers be more hopeful, find meaning in the cancer experience, and be more accepting of what is. See the PDQ summary on Spirituality in Cancer Care for more information about spirituality and religion in cancer care.
Rewards of Caregiving
Caregivers become caregivers for many different reasons. Some feel it is natural to care for someone they love. Sometimes there are practical reasons, such as no insurance or money to pay for other help. Whatever the reasons, giving care and support during cancer isn't easy, yet many caregivers find something positive from it.
Caring for a person with cancer causes many caregivers to look at life in new ways. They think about the purpose of life and they often focus on what they value most. For some caregivers, looking for meaning is a way to cope.
Some caregivers will have the following rewards:
Getting support from health care professionals may help caregivers find more positive rewards.
Caregiver assessment is done to find out if the caregiver needs support in the caregiving role.
Caregiver assessment helps the health care team understand the caregiver's everyday life, recognize the many jobs done by the caregiver, and look for signs of caregiver strain. Caregiver strain occurs when caregivers are not comfortable in their roles or feel they cannot handle everything they need to do. Caregiver strain may lead to depression and general psychological distress. If the caregiver feels too much strain, caregiving is no longer healthy for either the caregiver or the patient.
A caregiver assessment should look at not only what the patient needs the caregiver to do, but also what the caregiver is willing and able to do. Caregiver strain may occur when the family caregiver does not have the knowledge needed to care for the patient. The health care team can support the caregiver in this area.
Family caregivers report many problems with their caregiving experiences. Assessment is done to find out what the problems are, in order to give the caregiver the right kind of support. Support services can help the caregiver stay healthy, learn caregiving skills, and remain in the caregiving role, all of which help the patient as well.
Some of the factors that affect caregiver strain:
Caregiver well-being is assessed in several areas to find out what type of help is needed.
There is no standard tool for caregiver assessment. It may be different for each caregiver and family. Some of the factors assessed are culture, age, health, finances, and roles and relationships. Support services can then be chosen to help where the caregiver needs it.
Studies have shown that a family's culture affects how they handle the caregiver role. In some cultures, the family chooses not to get any outside help. Caregivers who have no outside help or help from other family members are usually more depressed than those who receive help from other sources.
Some of the reasons caregivers do not get outside help is that they:
Age and health
Caregivers may have issues related to age and health that increase their risk for caregiver strain:
The costs of care
Families with low household incomes may not be able to afford the costs of caregiving. When the family cannot pay for costs related to treatment, the patient's recovery may be affected. Caregiver distress increases.
Roles and relationships
As the number of roles the caregiver must fill increases, the risk of caregiver strain also increases. Given too many roles to fill, the caregiver will not have the time and energy to do them all. For example, caregivers who have a job and also care for children report high levels of stress. However, working while caregiving can also be helpful. Time away from the caregiving role and the social support from co-workers can give the caregiver some relief.
Roles and relationships among family members can be affected by caregiving. A caregiver assessment looks at family relationships to see if there is risk of caregiver strain.
Caregivers have a very hard job and it's normal to need help.
Although caregiver assessments are used to plan support for the family caregiver, they are not always done. It's important for caregivers to ask for help when they need it. Many people who were once caregivers say they did too much on their own. Some wished that they had asked for help sooner. The best time to find out where to get help is when the patient is diagnosed with cancer. All through caregiving, it's important to watch for signs of caregiver strain and get help right away. Caregivers who take care of their own needs have the strength to carry on and be a better caregiver.
Support services can be chosen to help where the caregiver needs it.
Support for the caregiver may include education and information, coping skills, counseling and psychotherapy, family meetings, home care help, and hospice care.
Education and Information
Family caregivers usually have many questions and feel unsure about some things when they begin caregiving. Information and education can help caregivers feel less stressed and more comfortable in their role. Programs that introduce patients and their caregivers to new cancer facilities and services may help.
Since cancer treatment can last for a long time and the disease goes through many changes, the kind of information caregivers need changes over time. Important times for the caregiver to receive information include the following:
There are many ways caregivers can get information:
Caregivers often want to know facts about the cancer, caregiving skills, and how to manage symptoms and side effects.
Caregivers report that they learn most of their caregiving skills by trial and error and would like more information from the health care team. Moving the patient safely and decreasing the risk of falls are skills caregivers say are the most difficult. Some of the skills caregivers may need to learn are:
Many caregivers also want to know about getting outside help to care for the patient at home.
When the caregiver is trained in how to help the patient manage side effects of treatment and symptoms such as pain and fatigue, the patient is more likely to have the energy and will to continue with treatment.
Pain is a symptom that is a serious concern for cancer patients and for their caregivers. Most family caregivers know little about pain and how to manage it. For pain to be controlled well, the patient needs to receive the pain medicines as prescribed by the doctor. A caregiver's knowledge and beliefs about pain medicine may affect the patient's pain relief. A caregiver who is afraid the patient will become addicted or take an overdose may give the patient too little pain medicine. When the caregiver knows the facts about pain medicines and the right way to use them, the patient is more likely to have better pain control. The caregiver can talk to a doctor who is expert in treating pain and get the information and emotional help he or she needs to control the patient's pain.
Caregivers may need to learn the following:
The health care team also can help caregivers learn ways to manage symptoms without medicine, including the following:
See the PDQ summary on Pain for more information.
Caregivers may also need information on other common side effects and symptoms, including:
Coping Skills
Caregivers can receive support from programs that teach them ways to cope with caregiving stress. These programs give information, improve caregiving skills, and help caregivers feel in control and more hopeful. Some programs train on one topic, such as teaching the caregiver how to solve problems or manage patient symptoms, like pain. Other programs train the caregiver in several areas of caregiving, and these types of programs may help caregivers feel better overall. Talk to a member of your health care team or call your local hospital to see if these programs are offered in your area.
One program called COPE (which stands for Creativity, Optimism, Planning, and Expert information) trains caregivers in how to solve difficult caregiving problems, make plans for their individual situations, and feel more positive. This program has been shown to decrease stress in some caregivers.
The Family Caregiver Cancer Education Program teaches caregivers how to manage symptoms, communicate better, manage roles, relationships, and finances, and take care of themselves. Caregivers have more confidence and feel they learned useful information after taking this program. Over time, they report feeling healthier.
Training in specific skills helps improve quality of life for many caregivers. Programs that offer caregiver training by nurses who visit the home have worked very well. These nurses prepare patients and caregivers for changes in the level of care, teach them communication skills, visit patients at home, and make sure care continues all through the different phases of treatment.
Counseling helps caregivers deal with the emotions that come with the demands of caregiving. The health care team can recommend support groups or refer caregivers to mental health professionals. This kind of support may lessen anxiety and depression and help the caregiver feel more positive, more able to cope, and that they have control over the situation.
Family Meetings
When taking care of a cancer patient, family members need to work together. There may be problems and conflicts in some families, and the stress of caring for a relative with cancer can bring up old issues or make new ones. These conflicts may cause communication problems within the family and with the health care team. When there are conflicts like this, it may help to have family meetings with the health care team.
During a family meeting, the whole family talks with the health care team. Family meetings help the health care team and the caregivers connect and work together. It is important to include the family spokesperson and all caregivers. While everyone may be trying to do what they think is best for the patient, family members may disagree about what this means. During family meetings, family members can talk about how they feel or decide what kind of help they can give. Each person may have certain skills to offer. Family meetings may also help with the following:
Family meetings are most helpful when:
At the end of the meeting, the health care team may go over what was decided and plan the next steps.
See the PDQ summary on Communication in Cancer Care for more information about communication.
Home Care Help
Home care services for the cancer patient also give the caregiver support. State or local health departments usually have a list of licensed home care agencies. Some of the services that home care agencies provide include the following:
Hospice Care for the Cancer Patient
Hospice care is given to patients who are near the end of life and are no longer being treated to cure or control their cancer. The goal of hospice is to help patients live each day to the fullest by making them comfortable and relieving their symptoms. Family caregivers may need more training and advice to feel comfortable doing what's needed to care for the patient during the final stages of cancer. The family caregiver often feels as much emotional distress as the patient does during this time. A hospice care team helps with the emotional, social, and spiritual needs of patients, caregivers, and families.
For more information from the National Cancer Institute about caregiving, see the Coping with Cancer: Supportive and Palliative Care page of the NCI website.
Use our clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. General information about clinical trials is also available.
About PDQ
Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in Spanish.
PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government's center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.
Purpose of This Summary
This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about challenges and helpful interventions for caregivers of cancer patients. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.
Reviewers and Updates
Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Updated") is the date of the most recent change.
The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board.
Clinical Trial Information
A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
Clinical trials can be found online at NCI's website. For more information, call the Cancer Information Service (CIS), NCI's contact center, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
Permission to Use This Summary
PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as "NCI's PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary]."
The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:
PDQ® Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board. PDQ Family Caregivers in Cancer. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/family-friends/family-caregivers-pdq. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389372]
Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in Visuals Online. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 3,000 scientific images.
The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the Managing Cancer Care page.
Contact Us
More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our Contact Us for Help page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website's E-mail Us.
Last Revised: 2015-07-14
If you want to know more about cancer and how it is treated, or if you wish to know about clinical trials for your type of cancer, you can call the NCI's Cancer Information Service at 1-800-422-6237, toll free. A trained information specialist can talk with you and answer your questions.
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The Federal Open Market Committee announced Wednesday that it would start reining in its QE program by instituting a "modest" $10 billion reduction in its monthly bond-buying program to $75 billion per month.
Beginning in January, the FOMC said, it will add to its holdings of agency mortgage-backed securities at a pace of $35 billion per month rather than $40 billion per month, and will add to its holdings of longer-term Treasury securities at a pace of $40 billion per month rather than $45 billion per month, which would slow down its stimulus program called quantative easing.
At his last press conference before he steps down as Federal Reserve Board Chairman, Ben Bernanke said Wednesday that further tapering will "be data dependent." However, he said he anticipated that the Fed would "probably do a measured reduction" at each meeting.
"If the economy slows or we are disappointed we could skip a meeting or two, but if things pick up we could go a bit faster," he said. "I anticipate similar moderate steps through most of 2014."
Like other economists, Jim O'Sullivan, Chief U.S. Economist at High Freqency Economics, had said that while he thought tapering "was quite possible today," HFE thought the Fed "would hold off for one more meeting." Markets appear to be taking the news in stride, O'Sullivan said, "with bond yields little changed and equities rallying by close to 1%."
Consistent with the message on tapering, O'Sullivan said that "the tone on growth was reasonably positive."
Bernanke said at the press conference that "We think inflation will gradually move back to 2%." However, inflation might rise due to health care costs, he noted. "We take this very seriously; inflation cannot be picked up and moved where you want it. We are committed to make sure inflation does not remain too low" and "get it back to target."
The unemployment rate that stood at 7% in November will continue to decline, Bernanke said. When the Fed started its QE program in September 2012, he said that the unemployment rate was expected to rise to more than 8%. "Economic growth will support further job gains," Bernanke said. FOMC expects that the 6.5% unemployment threshold will be reached by the end of 2014. "We will continue to keep rates low well beyond the point that unemployment hits 6%," Bernanke said.
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., said Wednesday that the Senate would consider Janet Yellen's nomination to lead the Federal Reserve this week.
The Committee said in its statement before Bernanke held his press conference that it would "closely monitor incoming information on economic and financial developments in coming months and will continue its purchases of Treasury and agency mortgage-backed securities, and employ its other policy tools as appropriate, until the outlook for the labor market has improved substantially in a context of price stability."
The FOMC added: "If incoming information broadly supports the Committee's expectation of ongoing improvement in labor market conditions and inflation moving back toward its longer-run objective, the Committee will likely reduce the pace of asset purchases in further measured steps at future meetings."
However, FOMC continued, "asset purchases are not on a preset course, and the Committee's decisions about their pace will remain contingent on the Committee's outlook for the labor market and inflation as well as its assessment of the likely efficacy and costs of such purchases."
Check out these related stories on ThinkAdvisor:

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Publication for children ages 7-11. Over-sized, colorful, informative, and easy-to-understand. Word games and fun learning activities.


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We are respectfully asking that the International Olympic Committee do NOT allow Tokyo, Japan to host the 2020 Olympics--unless the Japanese government agrees to end the internationally condemned Taiji Dolphin Drive Hunt & Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary whale hunts by making it illegal to hunt ALL dolphins, whales & cetaceans in the waters of Japan and beyond.
If Japan is to host the games of the international sporting elite & welcome it's lucrative international audience, then the IOC must ensure that Japan adheres to the ruling of the International Court of Justice to cease it's annual whale hunt immediately in the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary & Japan MUST end the globally condemned Taiji Dolphin Hunts.
Under the Environmental Mandate of the Olympic Charter, which governs the International Olympic Committee, it is required to 'encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues,' which means that the IOC & the Japanese Olympic Committee are OBLIGATED to address the extremely significant environmental issues of the unsustainable Whale & Dolphin hunts in Japan, up to 20,000 marine animals are slaughtered, by various methods, throughout Japan--not just in Taiji. The hunts, as well the contamination of the Pacific Ocean, Japan & beyond from the Fukushima disaster, contravene the IOC's Environmental Mandate.
The IOC can not ignore these breaches any longer, they must do their job correctly and enforce their own rules!
Global Olympic Dolphins


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Band: Draugnim
Album title: Vulturine
Release date: 11 March 2016
Label: Debemur Morti Productions
The solid foundation of melodic black metal peculiarly intertwines with features of pagan metal and the result is a powerful album, filled with savage dynamics and ghastly ambient. What makes Vulturine so distinctive are many aspects, which impact the kinetic energy of distinguishable soundscapes delivered on this album – it's like all pieces of puzzle fit together in one big, massive and dismal picture. The play of contrast, brought by peculiar use of instruments is strongly emphasized by Chimedra's astonishing vocal performance, as his versatile use of death growls strike as a scream of profound agony, as well as depict a more deathly and warlike ambient and together it flows with an emotional charge of each and every track with absolute brilliancy. Draugnim have again released an album with a power to put a nightmarish spell on you, from the first to the last second. Its fiery passion, flamboyant, yet not too pushy or over the head theatrical sensation is truly one of a kind.
Read a full review HERE


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Posted 7 years ago
(1 item)
I found this treasure in the attic of a photographer. He was going to get rid of it so I snagged it. I couldn't find any information; who made it, how old it is, etc. etc. There is the obvious made in Burma on the step, and also the letters Bo Omn Thee on the front metal plague. Any info would be amazing!


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At a 30,000 foot level, we had similar approaches to running a company. But at a working level, there were some very definite philosophical differences.Hopefully, we'll all be saying much the same thing about the Day-Adobe deal years from now.
There was a definite difference in the customer orientation. We spent a lot more time talking to customers. Adobe's philosophy was more of an engineering-based one: if we make a great product, like PostScript, sooner or later people will want it.
But the reason I even considered Adobe was their underlying ethical standard of running a high-quality company that was fair to their customers and their employees. Unfortunately, that couldn't be said of all the companies in the industry.
A lot of thought went into the merger, and I think it was one of the best.
Sunday, August 22, 2010
Looking back on the Aldus-Adobe deal
There's a terrific interview with Paul Brainerd about the history of Aldus Corporation over at computerhistory.org. In it, Brainerd comments on the why and how of Aldus's eventual acquisition by Adobe (a subject of considerable interest to me, since the company I work for -- Day Software -- has just been acquired by Adobe). Of the acquisition, Brainerd says:
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July 23rd, 2008 at Dive Hard Times Cafe
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No, but I know lots more who've gone the opposite way!
Having listened to her I think it likely she is a fraud-was always a believer.
exactly what i was thinking
My conclusion, too, Glen. And just possibly a Vatican plant.
I agree, and when ever someone "switches sides" in such a public fashion, I cannot help but think money is involved somehow.
A "prominent" atheist blogger who hardly anyone has heard of.
Never heard of her. She is certainly not "prominent" in the atheist community. The religious-leaning media, like CNN (if you think CNN is neutral on religion, type Paula Zahn Now Atheist into a Google search and prepare to be angered), of course pounce on this "prominent" tag provided by the religious blog she posts to. I cannot track down any of her blogs from when she was supposedly an atheist, but judging by her conversion talk, I'd say that she never really was an atheist. She is just too fluent in Catholic-speak to be believable as someone who just stumbled upon Catholicism and thought it was nice. The religionists, especially the Catholics, are going nuts over this, in part because the majority of the traffic in the last couple of decades has been going the other way. Catholics are leaving the church in droves, with a large percentage of them choosing "no faith" (like Julia Sweeney at one time, they fear the "a" word). The religionists may want to believe that her "conversion" is a major blow to active secularists, but it will just pass in a couple of months. Our numbers will swell; theirs will dwindle.
Actually, in the CNN interview, she comes off as really lame. She can't give any -logical- reasons why she was an atheist, much less why she changed. Her transformation came off like a person giving up Lay's Potato Chips for the baked variety. Really silly. She came off as low I.Q. and just plan silly.
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Top Cheraw Community Colleges
- For the 2020 school year, there is 1 top community college in Cheraw, South Carolina, serving 1,090 students.
- The average community college acceptance rate in South Carolina is 62% (view national acceptance rates).
- Minority enrollment is 41% of the student body (majority Black), and the student:teacher ratio is 20:1.
Top Cheraw, SC Community Colleges (2020)
- College Location Students
- 1201 Chesterfield Hwy.
Cheraw,  SC 29520
1,090 students
Recent Articles
College is expensive. There is no way around it. But you can save money by attending community college as long as you avoid these top six financial aid mistakes.
Are you taking full advantage of scholarships? Use these 7 smart tips when applying for your scholarships, whether need or merit-based awards, as well as those for individuals from certain ethnic, religious, or socioeconomic groups. Increase your chances of being awarded scholarships!
The coronavirus pandemic has changed the 2019-20 school year for over 14 million college students. Read on to learn the impact of COVID-19 on current students and how colleges around the country are reacting.


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Smiling For Life And Happiness Greater London (Westminster)
Many people are not aware of the interesting fact that a simple smile can make someone who was initially depressed feel significantly better. This is because smiling makes the human body release endorphins (feel good chemicals) that are responsible for mood elevation.
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People who are interested in relieving stress by smiling should seek the services of our medical facility.
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This past Wednesday I received an email from my professional organization — the American Physical Society — with the subject line: "Urgent Helium Alert." The message called on me to contact Congress immediately to urge them to act on helium legislation so that the U. S. Bureau of Land Management can continue operations beyond September 30. According to the email: "Partisan gridlock threatens to diminish the US Helium supply by 50% on October 1st."
As I looked at the list of Congressional names and phone numbers provided, I tried to imagine what I would say to a staffer who might only think of helium as the element that keeps balloons and blimps afloat. As a physicist, I am aware of the importance of helium to a number of vital industries. But I would need to explain that curious fact on the phone to an overwhelmed staffer who has probably never thought about the economic sectors that rely on helium. I also wondered how many other essential commodities and services exist that, like helium, are never thought about until their supplies are threatened.
Most sectors of our economy depend on vast, intricate networks of public and private entities in order to function. Once on a flight, I found myself sitting next to an off-duty airline captain who was taking an open seat to return to his home. When he learned that I was a physics professor, he talked to me about his college experiences majoring in physics. We then had an engaging discussion about the physics of airplanes. I realized that as a person responsible for educating future pilots and aeronautical engineers, I was also part of the network needed to fly the plane we were on.
In fact, we rarely think about all the workers — public and private — needed to fly a plane. The designers, engineers and builders, the pilots and crew members, the baggage handlers, fuel truck operators and ticket agents, the air traffic controllers, TSA workers, FAA inspectors and maintenance workers, the airport administrators and bus drivers, the software programmers and many other jobs that would take too much space to list. If you are a person with enough money to purchase a plane ticket, it is in your self-interest to see to it that all of these people have a decent standard of living and adequate health care because you depend on them more than they depend on you. Simply having money isn't going to build and fly a plane safely to a place that you want to go.
Actually, in the 21st century, money by itself is meaningless. Those pieces of paper in your wallet, or more commonly computer bits that encode your bank account balances, have no intrinsic value. What we call money is a contract that provides access to vast interwoven public-private networks. As miraculous as a single modern airplane, or automobile, or telephone, or computer might be, none of these devices have much use outside of a network. Nor can these devices be built or maintained without a network. The functionality of these networks depends on millions of people, all working collaboratively, responsibly, and in good faith.
For example, the helium supply is an essential part of many networks. If helium availability were to cease, a great deal of university research would be disrupted and possibly damaged. Ironically, much of this research is federally funded. In addition, the manufacture of semi-conductor devices and optical fibers, all essential for our innumerable electronic devices, would be negatively impacted. Health care would be compromised because hospital MRI machines would have to be shut down.
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is just one example of a successful public-private partnership. Magnetic resonance was discovered in university labs, and a great deal of research on the phenomena has been federally funded. However the use of it in medicine provides private jobs and profits and improves the health of millions of Americans. It makes no sense for Congress to shut down MRI machines by refusing to fund helium production.
I urge Congress to pass the helium legislation, and all the other legislation necessary for our economy to function. I urge politicians to stop repeating the fictional narrative that government is not vital to the function of our society. Most importantly, I urge us all to be more mindful of the innumerable ways that we are connected to each other. Our personal standard of living and well being depends on the standard of living and well being of all.
Joseph Ganem is a professor of physics at Loyola University Maryland and author of the book "The Two Headed Quarter: How to See Through Deceptive Numbers and Save Money on Everything You Buy." His e-mail is email@example.com.


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Faculty Directory
Fisher Yu
Associate Professor
(ELEG)-Electrical Engineering
Phone: 479-575-7265
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Dr. Shui-Qing (Fisher) Yu received his B.S. and M.S. in Electronics from Peking University in 1997 and 2000, respectively, and his Ph.D in Electrical Engineering from Arizona State University (ASU) in 2005. He spent one year as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in ASU MBE Optoelectronic Group and then joined the Center for Nanophotonics of Arizona Institute of Nano-Electronics in ASU as an Assistant Research Professor. Dr. Yu joined the Electrical Engineering department as an Assistant Professor in 2008 and was promoted to Associate Professor in 2014. In his research, he develops optoelectronic devices using novel materials, such as Bismide compounds and Silicon-Germanium-Tin alloys. These materials, along with advanced nanofabrication techniques, could increase the efficiency and decrease the cost of devices such as lasers, photodetectors, and infrared cameras. Dr. Yu has published 44 articles in refereed journals and 102 articles/abstracts in conference proceedings. He has also given/contributed 122 presentations and 19 invited talks at conferences and workshops regarding his research activities. He is a member of the International Society for Optical Engineering and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
Dr. Yu won the Palais Outstanding Doctoral Student Award in 2005 from the ASU Electrical Engineering Department and the IEEE Phoenix Society Chapter award in 2008 for technical contributions. Dr. Yu has received an Outstanding Researcher award from the U of A College of Engineering, the William D. Brown and Margaret A. Brown Faculty Excellence Award from the department of electrical engineering,, and University of Arkansas College of Engineering Imhoff Outstanding Researcher Award in 2011, 2013, 2014, respectively. In 2012, Dr. received the prestigious Faculty Early Career Development award from the National Science Foundation.
Semiconductor optoelectronic devices such as lasers, photo detectors, THz devices, and renewable energy devices covering visible to far-infrared wavelength ranges by using novel Bismide compounds and SiGeSn alloys and advanced nanofabrication techniques.
- B.S., Electronics, Peking University
- M.S., Electronics Peking University
- Ph.D., Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University
- Wei Du, Yiyin Zhou, Seyed A. Ghetmiri, Aboozar Mosleh, Benjamin R. Conley, Amjad Nazzal, Richard A. Soref, Greg Sun, John Tolle, Joe Margetis, Hameed A. Naseem, and Shui-Qing Yu, "Room-temperature electroluminescence from Ge/Ge1-xSnx/Ge double heterostructure LEDs on Si substrates via CVD," Appl. Phys. Lett, vol. 104, pp. 241110 (2014)
- Benjamin R. Conley, Aboozar Mosleh, Seyed Amir Ghetmiri, Wei Du, Richard A. Soref, Greg Sun, Joe Margetis, John Tolle, Hameed A. Naseem, and Shui-Qing Yu, "Temperature dependent spectral response and detectivity of GeSn photoconductors on silicon for short wave infrared detection," Opt. Express Vol. 22, No. 13, pp. 15639-15653 (2014).
- Greg Sun, Shui-Qing Yu, The SiGeSn Approach towards Si-based Lasers, Invited paper, Solid-State Electronics 83 (2013) 76–81
- D. Fan, , Z. Zeng, X. Hu, V. G. Dorogan, C. Li, M. Benamara, M. E. Hawkridge, Yu, I. Mazur, S.-Q. Yu, S. R. Johnson, Zh. M. Wang, and G. J. Salamo, Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of GaAsBi/GaAs/AlGaAs Separate Confinement Heterostructures, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 101, pp. 181103 (2012).
- D. Ding, S. R. Johnson, S.-Q. Yu, S.-N. Wu, and Y.-H. Zhang, A Semi-Analytical Model for Semiconductor Solar Cells, J. Appl. Phys., 110, 123104 (2011).


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90 Years Of Existence Of The Eparchy Of Vad, Feleac And Cluj
The Eparchy of Vad, Feleac and Cluj dresses feast garments today because it celebrates 90 years since setting up. The historical tradition confirmed by documents too shows that the founder of this eparchy is prince Steven the Great. The Diocese is revived after the Great Union when a Consistory was set up in Cluj city (7/20 July 1919), then as a diocese (on 18 July 1921) with jurisdiction over the counties in the North of the River Mures with the title of the Diocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj.
Today, 6 December 2011, feast of Saint Hierarch Nicholas, His Beatitude Daniel, Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church celebrated the Divine Liturgy at the Metropolitan Cathedral of Cluj, assisted by a group of hierarchs, priests and deacons. A large number of faithful have also come to attend this special moment in the history of the Eparchy of Vad, Feleac and Cluj.
The following hierarchs, members of the Holy Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church celebrated together with His Beatitude: His Eminence Teofan, Metropolitan of Moldova and Bucovina, His Eminence Laurentiu, Metropolitan of Transylvania, His Eminence Andrei, Metropolitan of Cluj, alba, Crisana and Maramures, His Eminence Irineu, Metropolitan of Otenia, His Eminence Irineu, Archbishop of Alba Iulia, His Eminence Timotei, Archbishop of Arad, His Grace Lucian, Bishop of Caransebes, His Grace Sofronie, Bishop of Oradea, His Grace Visarion, Bishop of Tulcea, His Grace Petroniu, Bishop of Salaj, His Grace Macarie, Romanian Orthodox Bishop of Northern Europe, His Grace Vasile Somesanul, Assistant Bishop to the Archdiocese of Cluj, and His Grace Iustin Sigheteanul, Assistant Bishop to the Diocese of Maramures and Satmar.
After reading the Gospel, the Primate of the Romanian Orthodox Church showed in the sermon delivered that Saint Nicholas was for all people an icon of the kindness of God in this world, a gentle diligent and generous shepherd who preached by deed and word and urged all people to reach salvation.
His Beatitude the Patriarch congratulated all those of the name of Saint Nicholas.
"We congratulate today all those of the name of Nicholas or Nicoleta, wishing them all good health and joy, many blessed years of life and to be confessors of the love of God by words and deeds. Let us all be confessors of the love of God and pray Saint Hierarch Nicholas to give us through his prayers gentleness and kindness, especially in a world with much selfishness concerned only with it", said His Beatitude.
The Patriarch of Romania has also emphasised the fact that Saint Nicholas is the symbol of the brightest foundation of the Christian civilisation.
"Saint Nicholas is the symbol of a certain civilisation, namely of the civilisation of generosity, of the magnanimity which contrasts a lot with greed, rapacity, with the desire to become rich by all means till dehumanisation. The Church has cultivated the civilisation of the disinterested generosity, through all the places of worship with Saint Nicholas as saint patron. This is why Saint Nicholas is not a simple symbol of the children's joy, but a symbol of the brightest foundation of the Christian civilisation. We no longer know how to appreciate dignity without generosity, without helping our fellow beings. We dehumanise ourselves unless we have generosity, mercy in our souls", also said His Beatitude Patriarch Daniel.
To end with the Divine Liturgy, His Beatitude Patriarch Daniel spoke both about the re-establishment of the Archdiocese of Vad, Feelac and Cluj and about the first bishop of the eparchy, Nicolae Ivan, who set up the Theological Academy of Cluj, in 1924, and raised the monumental Orthodox Cathedral: "This eparchy was set up by the care, generosity, courage and faith of prince Steven the Great of Moldova. The hostility of the time hindered the Eparchy of Vad and Feleac to continue its activity uninterrupted throughout the history. But in 1921, as a result of the Great Union of Alba Iulia of 1918, the Eparchy of Vad, Feleac and Cluj was re-established, just like some other eparchies, like the Diocese of the Army and Diocese of Tomis, for example. So, the beneficences of the Great Union of 1 December 1918 could be seen in the church organisation too".
"Nicolae Ivan was a diligent person, with a pragmatic and spiritual vision, but differently from Saint Nicholas whom we celebrate. There are people generous with their fellow beings, offering them clothes, money, food, but their mercy ceases here. But when you set up philanthropic cultural institutions, especially liturgical ones, which last beyond your earthly life, you become merciful not only for your generosity, but also for the generations to come. This is why Nicolae Ivan was merciful to all the generations of bishops, priests, deacons and faithful who prayed for this foundation", said His Beatitude.
The event continued in the semi-basement of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Cluj-Napoca, where the new Museum of the Archdiocese was inaugurated, which houses the treasure of Romanian old art, as well as the oldest church objects of the patrimony of the Metropolitanate of Cuj.
Source: Romanian Orthodox Church


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Kids Martial Arts Classes
at New York's premier mixed martial arts school
Karate & martial arts go back thousands of years. Despite the way it's portrayed in the media, the true practice of martial arts won't encourage violent behavior. At Modern Martial Arts NYC we teach self-control, respect, and honesty. All students in our program are here because their parents want something challenging, encouraging, and special for their child.
"The teachers at Modern Martial Arts are the best Ethan has ever had in an afterschool program. Class is the perfect balance between serious and fun. Ethan seems to be maturing at a faster rate here." - Diane K., parent
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Karate classes build a strong base of basic skills through the use of defense drills and strengthening exercises. Modern Martial Arts NYC concentrates on each student's development, and your child will receive stripes and new belts as they grow and learn. Building on that initial success creates a lasting sense of accomplishment and increased self-confidence.
The classes themselves are designed to challenge each student individually. Our instructors will encourage your child to push themselves, redefining what they thought their limits and capabilities were. Students are continuously surprised that their bodies and minds go further than ever expected. The ability to use their mind and body to the fullest will carry through your child's life, as previously impossible challenges now appear as opportunities.
The physical and character foundations built at Modern Martial Arts have helped children excel in their academic, sports, familial, and social endeavors.
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We have yet to meet a child who cannot benefit from our martial arts classes. Whether your child is shy, has learning or behavioral challenges, has boundless energy, or isn't challenged enough in physical or mental pursuits-- we enable every child to excel. Our dedicated staff of instructors work with your child individually to set goals and help your child meet them. Our progressing system of belts and stripes allows your child to have tangible evidence of their accomplishments and will encourage them to stay on a path of health and fitness for a lifetime.
Our students work hard and feel proud of what they accomplish-- often they are capable of much more than they could have dreamed.


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Page 1 of 5
Review: Efficiency pays off
The new Phenom II CPUs are quite a success for AMD. While the 955 Black Edition is the most famous CPUs on our price search engine with the Q9550 close behind, the only concern some users and we have is the high energy consumption. Meanwhile AMD has released two energy efficient CPUs to counter Intel on real world power consumption. Today we will check out if AMD succeed in making truly power efficient processors once again.
Both CPUs, the 705e and 905e are the same as their "bigger" brothers. Both are clocked with 2.5GHz, have 3x respectively 4x 256kB L2 cache and 6MB shared L3 cache. The only major difference is the VCore. While the triple-core comes with 1.175V the quad-core manages 1.15V. This means AMD has matched the VCores used on Intel CPUs.
The TDP is now rated 65W, which is lower compared to Intel. But AMD does always use much more power and Intels TDP ratings are way too high for E- and Q-series.
MSI 790GX-GD70 (provided by MSI)
MSI DKA790GX (provided by MSI)
ECS Elitegroup A790GXM-AD3 (provided by Elitegroup)
Intel DX58SO "Smackover" (provided by Intel)
Intel X58/iCH10R
AMD Phenom II 705e (provided by AMD)
AMD Phenom II 905e (provided by AMD)
AMD Phenom II 720 Black Edition (provided by AMD)
AMD Phenom II 810 (provided by AMD)
AMD Phenom II 955 Black Edition (provided by AMD)
Intel E7200 (provided by K&M Elektronik)
Intel E8400 (provided by Intel)
Intel Q9450 (provided by Intel)
Intel QX9650 (provided by Intel)
Intel Core i7 920 (provided by Intel)
Intel Core i7 975XE (provided by Intel)
Scythe Kabuto (provided by Scythe-Europe) for AMD and Intel E/Q
Thermalright Ultra 120 eXtreme 1366 (provided by Thermalright) for Intel i7
Kingston 2GB Kit PC2-9600U KHX1200D2K2/2G (provided by Kingston)
1066MHz CL5-5-5-15 CR2T at 1.90V for AMD DDR2
Qimonda 3GB Kit PC3-8500U (provided by Qimonda)
1066MHz CL7-7-7-20 CR1T at 1.55V for Intel i7
Kingston 3GB Kit PC3-10600U KHX1600D3K3/2GX (provided by Kingston)
1333MHz CL7-7-7-20 CR1T at 1.50V for AMD DDR3
Graphics Card:
MSI R4850-2D1G-OC (provided by MSI)
Power supply:
PC Power & Cooling Silencer 500W (provided by PC Power & Cooling)
Hard disk:
Western Digital WD4000KD (provided by Ditech)
Case fans:
SilenX iXtrema Pro 14dB(A) (provided by PC-Cooling.at)
Scythe DFS122512LS
Cooler Master Stacker 831 Lite (provided by Cooler Master)
Since we are still not fans of Vista, all tests are performed with XP SP3. As 64-bit software is still not very common, we stick with the 32-bit version.
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Even if he had lost the advantage of surprise, Johnson was sure he could best the Bombardier. The two longboats had surged forward to their targets when something totally unexpected happened.
First, a massive cloudbank rolled over the moon, blocking out whatever light there was.
Secondly, the Bombardier began to move away, towards the Aterops of all things.
And thirdly, another ship had swiftly moved between Johnson and his target. By the looks (and smell) of it, it was a pirate vessel.
Johnson did not like his situation. Not one bit. Suddenly though, a spark of an idea flashed through his head. He called out to the other longboat, some twenty feet away.
"Board that ship! Forget the Bombardier – We'll get her later!"
The men looked up at their captain, surprised. Still, they rowed on, trusting that his judgment was for the better.
Korgan was a smarter pirate then most, but he did have one shortcoming – faulty memory. He had seen the two frigates that evening, but now he had convinced himself that the closer one was the Crusader ship – not the Bombardier which was now making its way to the Aterops. Whatever his shortcomings, he had noticed the alarm, and thought he had been sighted. This also completely left him shocked and unprepared when forty determined Crusaders armed to the teeth boarded his ship.


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- Details
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- Reviews
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- What's Included
The heart of any pet door is the flap, and pet door flaps have always been a big disappointment to the pet door owner. They leak, they don't insulate, they pinch the pet, they blow open, they don't fit the pet and they wear out quickly so the user needs to buy an expensive replacement flap and start over again. Until Now! The award winning Endura Flap Pet Door for Doors is the premium solution for adding a pet door to your home. If you've never owned a pet door before, you're going to be very satisfied - it does everything you think it should. But if you have ever owned a pet door, hold on to your socks. You're not going to believe how much better this is that what you've had in the past.
The standards which the Endura Flap Pet Door is built, and no other pet door is, are as follows:
- Be flexible and safe
- Seal tightly against weather - Insulate like dual pane glass - Not yellow in the sun
- Last 'forever' - Remain flexible in very low temperatures - Have appropriate dimensions
- Stand up to wind - Be visually clear - Be environmentally friendly
- Reflect superb engineering - Be Made in the USA
For a detailed description of these features, click here.
To ensure the correct size for your application, see the following chart:
Please Note: Endura Flaps are not recommended for use by kittens or very small dogs. Cats have been successful using the #06, however a few have found the #08 difficult to use. We would not recommend using the #10 or #12 or any of the double flap versions for cats.
Should you order a single flap Endura pet door or a double flap?
In the past it was easy to give good advice: If a particular pet door was available in a double-flap version get it unless you're in a very moderate climate or you're not putting the pet door in a living area. This was because the double was always so much better than the single. Now, however, with the Endura Flap, things are different. The single is very, very good. And we don't want to push you to a more expensive double if you don't need it. On the other hand, the double will always be better than the single. What to do?? Here's what seems to make sense: If you plan to use the Endura flap in an area where it gets to freezing or below for significant periods then get the double. If not, we think you'll be very happy with the single.
Single Flap - on inside of the door (same side as locking cover)
Double Flap - one on each side. The included dead-air-space and extra flap add significantly to the already considerable insulation and sealing values.
General Manufacturer Patio Pacific Manufacturer Product No. 03PP06 1 UPC 873653002710 Flap Size 6" x 11" Rough Cut 8 3/8" x 15" Outside Frame Dimensions 9 7/16" x 15 3/4". Manufacturing Location 100% Designed, Engineered and Manufactured in the USA Manufacturer Warranty 90 day return, 10 year warranty, 15 year warranty on the "Endura" flap assembly
- 1x - Flap Frames
- 1x - Trim Frame
- 8x - Hole Plugs
- 4x - Open Barrel Nuts
- 4x - 1 3/4" Screws
- 4x - 2 1/4" Screws
- 2x - Weather Strips
- 1x - Plastic Screw
- 1x - Warranty Information
- 1x - Installation Template


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Hiking up the hill today, I spied at least two lizards. The first lizard was located fairly low on the hill, maybe at about 6800 feet in elevation. I don't know my lizards well, so I can't tell you what name this guy goes by, but he (she?) has nice scales, a bit of a pattern hidden in all that gray, and a little brown near the shoulders and on the back.
Farther up the hill, I decided to do a little investigation of some old mine workings, and so I went inside this adit. What is a little hard to notice in the photo is the wren hanging out on the fault-plane side of the photo (that would be the left side).
It's probably a rock wren, like these younger ones we saw about a year ago lower on the hill. (The adit is at about 7000 feet.) This one bird was flitting around, in and out of the adit before I arrived on the scene, and after I walked into the mine to look around and take some pictures, it eventually came back, still darting here and there, hardly staying in one place long enough for me to shoot. My camera noise bothered it a little. I wondered if it had a nest somewhere, but it never settled down, and never flew at me protectively. (I don't know if wrens do that.)
It eventually flew into the mine behind me, where there were at least two main drifts going off to each side to connect with other underground workings and surface openings. The wren is hard to spot in the photo above; it blends in with the rock.
Even enlarged, the rock wren is hard to see, there in the upper right below a shadow. I think it may have been after the salt efflorescence on the rock surfaces, though perhaps there were small bugs in there. (I didn't notice any.)
And here's the little wren again, this time just a small white spot above the mine timber on the adit sill (that's floor to you non-miners).
Enlarged a bit, you can see more than just it's white chin.
This is the closest shot I managed to get. We're both still inside the mine, close to the entrance. I hardly moved while all this darting and flitting was going on around me, other than to turn to face in different directions.
After awhile, I left the mine, leaving it for the rock wren claimant. On the mine dump, I spotted another lizard, maybe the same kind as before, maybe a different kind.
Saturday, June 26, 2010
Today's Hike: A Bird Sandwiched by Two Lizards
Posted by Silver Fox at 4:00 PMLocation: old mine workings, eastern NV, USA
2 comments:
- Gaelyn said...
It seems you might have trespassed on the wrens claim with lizard outlooks.
- Sunday, June 27, 2010 at 10:54:00 PM PDT
- Silver Fox said...
I think it was a "watch lizard." ;)
- Monday, June 28, 2010 at 6:41:00 AM PDT
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With more than 230 areas of study, your fellow NYU community members are bound to be teaching, researching, or debating a topic that interests you. Follow your curiosity as you discover new ideas and build practical skills.
Think research is just for grad students? Not at NYU. At the annual Undergraduate Research Conference, students presented more than 200 subjects ranging from glucose regulation in diabetes to dispersal patterns of spider monkeys in Belize to questions of free will in The Iliad.
As an undergraduate, you'll have opportunities to work with professors on groundbreaking research. You can also conduct your own inquires with the guidance of a faculty mentor. NYU even publishes student findings in an annual research journal.
From choosing courses to preparing for interviews, NYU's support services will help you succeed. As you earn your degree and prepare for employment or graduate school, you can rely on:


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DON'T YOU LOVE IT when the auto industry starts talking in corporate tongues? The most astonishing idiocies come out of its collective mouth: No, no, no, we couldn't possibly put in seat belts. Air bags? Who'd want to pay for air bags?
And the latest, from a representative of nine carmakers, that California's goal to cut tailpipe emissions (pending a federal green light) "will have no impact" on global warming.
How's that again?
California is the 12th-largest carbon sinner in the world, and regulating exhaust won't do anything for climate change? What are they sniffing in Detroit, their own fumes?
Besides, this is America, car dude. From our first red, white and blue breath, we're taught that one person can make a difference. Every man a king. An Army of one. Only you can prevent forest fires. If one person can make a difference, a state of 36 million can hardly do otherwise.
Gov. Schwarzenegger isn't the only one playing the green game. This week in Sacramento, Assemblyman Lloyd Levine, a Van Nuys Democrat, is nudging through another piece of legislation, a law that Australia has already passed, one they're thinking over in Canada and on Capitol Hill: Bye-bye to the class-A incandescent lightbulb and hello to the compact squiggly fluorescent.
Every time you go fluorescent (the bulbs last nearly 10 times longer than Thomas Edison's), you save more than a quarter-ton of coal and all the sulfur dioxide and acid rain and sundry gunk that comes with coal. One bulb does all that.
Already some people are crying lamp fascism. We want choice! Choice? Oh, you mean like having both Tylenol and laudanum on the drugstore shelf? I'll take the one with the skull and crossbones, please.
If Philip K. Dick, the man who inspired "Blade Runner," were alive, he would be scribbling dystopian environmental novels in which every newborn child is assigned a lifetime carbon debit card — like wartime ration cards. You only get to use so much plastic, or burn so much wood or eat so much imported food (how much fossil fuel does it take to get that bottle of Euro-water to Santa Monica?) before you use up your carbon points and you're out of the game. Dick's characters wouldn't be stock traders, they'd be carbon traders, blackmailing starving Sudanese villagers online for their carbon points in exchange for rice and water.
So far, green crusading has been sweet persuasion, everyone pointing out — nicely — how you can feel virtuous and conscientious: Please don't buy wood products from rain forest rapists. Be a hero — recycle your plastic and paper. Thank you for not pouring your dreck into the ocean.
Well, nuts to that. A Dickian dystopia is bearing down on us. The government and the greenies are afraid of making you feel guilty. Not me. And a whole lot of sources back me up.
Plastic: You're not throwing away plastic bags, genius — you're throwing away oil. In energy alone, recycling a ton of plastic bags saves 11 barrels of oil. Which means that Californians, by tossing away 19 billion plastic bags last year — all of them blowing across my lane of the freeway — wasted about 4.5 million barrels of oil. And those darling little plastic water bottles you tossed — 18 million barrels of oil to make them. What, did you think the Sparkletts fairy whisked them all away?
Paper: The lungs you ruin may be your own. A mature tree eats 13 pounds of carbon dioxide every year, so every time you don't recycle a huge stack of envelopes and junk mail and wrapping paper and newspapers, you're murdering a tree that could have saved you. You could heat your house for six months on the energy saved from recycling a ton of paper.
Aluminum cans: Too lazy to shuffle to the recycling bin? The energy you waste by throwing away a single soda can would run your TV for three hours. Throwing away an empty six-pack is like throwing away nearly a $3.50 gallon of gasoline. We Americans toss away enough aluminum cans in a year to rebuild every commercial airliner in America. Good work, cola-for-brains.
Et ceteras:
You throw away three pounds of trash every day; two pounds of that could be recycled, unless you like the idea of living next to Landfill World
You're adding 10% or 20% to your electric bill and sucking coal and oil by keeping energy vampires plugged in: phone chargers, TVs and printers.
Pour away a gallon of motor oil instead of recycling it, and you're dumping enough energy to dry your hair for 216 days or to watch 60 Super Bowls.
We've come to the end of this guilt trip; thanks for ride-sharing.
What the auto companies — and too many of the rest of us — never seem to understand is that we've got to get ahead of the game and set our own terms before someone sets them for us.
If we don't well, keep this in mind: The body of a 175-pound man can yield a little more than four gallons of fuel oil.


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The Chinese Communist Party's No. 2 leader was confirmed Friday as premier, tasked with addressing a slowing economy and defusing public anger over corruption, pollution and a growing gap between rich and poor.
China's rubberstamp legislature appointed Li Keqiang to the premiership as a long-orchestrated leadership transition neared its end. Final touches take place Saturday with selections of vice premiers, a central bank governor and finance and other ministers, and the legislature wraps up on Sunday.
Party chief Xi Jinping was appointed Thursday to the ceremonial post of president, completing his ascension as China's pre-eminent leader after being promoted last November to head the Communist Party and the military.
Though the outcome of the legislative session was a foregone conclusion, it's the result of years of fractious behind-the-scenes bargaining. They hail from different factions: Li Keqiang (pronounced lee kuh chee-ahng) is a protege of the now-retired President Hu Jintao while Xi Jinping (pronounced shee jin ping) is the son of a revolutionary veteran with backing among party elders.
Xi cuts an authoritative figure with a confidence and congeniality that was lacking in his predecessor, the aloof and stiff Hu. New Premier Li, from a mid-level official's household, has appeared to be a cautious administrator, like Hu, and has not been associated with particular policies on his rise.
Evidence of their and their patrons' ability to forge consensus will be seen Saturday when appointments to the Cabinet and other top government posts are announced.
As China's top economic official, Li faces politically fraught challenges in keeping growth strong and incomes rising.
China's leaders say they want more sustainable growth based on domestic consumption and technology instead of trade and investment. They have lowered annual growth targets to emphasize the shift. But consumer spending is rising only slowly, which has forced Beijing to keep pumping money into investment to support a sluggish economic recovery.
"If the official data is to be believed, China has been moving in the wrong direction for the past decade - towards `more investment, less consumption,'" wrote Standard Chartered economists Stephen Green and Wei Li in a research note. "This could create problems."
Reformers say Communist leaders have to curb state companies that dominate industries from energy to telecoms to banking, and encourage free-market competition or growth could sink to 5 percent or lower by 2015, raising the risk of job losses and unrest. That will require Li, who has shown little appetite for confrontation, to challenge politically powerful corporate bosses.
China's leadership is consensus-oriented, so governing the country is often sluggish business because none of the leaders are politically strong enough to prevail independently.
Wu Xiangdong, chairman of a wine company in central Hunan province and one of the congress delegates who poured out of the vast, ornate Great Hall of the People after Friday's vote, said expectations were high for Li, the new premier.
"We are very excited and look forward to the premier and the new generation of leaders to be better able to work on the economy, food safety, the environment and improving social equality," Wu said.
The National People's Congress endorsed Li for the post with a vote of 2,940, with three opposed and six abstaining.
In some intriguing signs of the new leadership's direction, the congress on Friday appointed as supreme court president Zhou Qiang, a provincial party secretary with a reputation as a progressive and a former aide to a well-known legal reformer. On Thursday, another liberal-minded reformer and a close ally of Hu, Li Yuanchao, was named vice president, breaking with the practice of recent years because he is not in the party's seven-member ruling inner sanctum.
The new government will be expected to carry out promises outlined in a policy program delivered last week, including cleaning up the country's environment, fighting graft and improving the social safety net.
Associated Press writer Joe McDonald contributed to this report.
Follow Gillian Wong on Twitter at twitter.com/gillianwong


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Earth from Space: Martinique, Dominica and Guadeloupe
This Envisat view of the eastern Caribbean Sea shows the French Overseas Departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique. Between them is the independent state of Dominica.
Both of the French islands are equal in status to Departments of mainland France. They are represented in the National Assembly and form part of the European Union. Dominica gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1978.
The main butterfly-shaped Guadeloupe mainland is actually two islands divided by a narrow sea channel: Grand-Terre to the east and Basse-Terre, site of the capital of the same name. To the south are the island of Marie-Galante and the smaller Les Saintes islands.
Guadeloupe's main industries are agriculture – notably sugarcane and bananas - and tourism, due to its attractive coastal beaches and inland forests. Note the greenish-blue tinge around its coast, a sign of shallow waters. Much of the green Basse-Terre interior is made up of the Parc National de la Guadeloupe.
Dominica is predominantly agricultural, with a heavy dependence on banana exports. Its government is trying to boost the tourism industry. By comparison to its northern neighbour, Dominica is lacking in beaches but as the 'Nature Island of the Caribbean' it has an extensive natural park system including the Morne Diablotin National Park, centred on the tallest mountain in the region.
Dominica's volcanic landscape includes Boiling Lake, the second largest boiling fumarole lake in the world. It is located approximately ten kilometres east of the capital Roseau, which is on the west coast two thirds of the way down.
The popular tourist destination of Martinique is more urbanised than the other islands but almost a third of its area remains forested and large areas are turned over to the cultivation of pineapples, sugarcane and other crops. Its capital, Fort-de-France, is nestled on the westward side of the island, nestled in a bay of the same name.
Martinique is currently hosting the 2005 Ariane's Cup, an annual sailing boat circuit of the island open to teams from the European aerospace sector. There are 71 boats taking part in the race, due to end on 28 May, including teams from ESA, the French space agency CNES, the Italian Space Agency ASI, the German Aerospace Centre DLR, Eumetsat, EADS-Astrium, Alcatel and SPOT image.
This is a detail from a Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) image acquired in Full Resolution Mode on 14 October 2003. It has a spatial resolution of 300 metres and covers an area of 180 km by 180 km.