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Summary: Pertussis toxin, subunit 1
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Pertussis toxin Edit Wikipedia article
|Pertussis toxin, subunit 1
The crystal structure of pertussis toxin,[1]
|1bcp / SUPFAM
|Pertussis toxin, subunit 2 and 3
|1bcp / SUPFAM
|Pertussis toxin, subunit 4
|1prt / SUPFAM
|Pertussis toxin, subunit 5
|1prt / SUPFAM
Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis,[2] which causes whooping cough. PT is involved in the colonization of the respiratory tract and the establishment of infection.[3] Research suggests PT may have a therapeutic role in treating a number of common human ailments, including hypertension,[4] viral infection,[5] and autoimmunity.[6][7][8]
PT clearly plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pertussis although this was discovered only in the early 1980s. The appearance of pertussis is quite recent, compared with other epidemic infectious diseases. The earliest mention of pertussis, or whooping cough, is of an outbreak in Paris in 1414. This was published in Moulton's The Mirror of Health, in 1640. Another epidemic of pertussis took place in Paris in 1578 and was described by a contemporary observer, Guillaume de Baillou. Pertussis was well known throughout Europe by the middle of the 18th century. Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou described in 1900 the finding of a new "ovoid bacillus†in the sputum of a 6-month-old infant with whooping cough. They were also the first to cultivate Bordetella pertussis at the Pasteur Institute in Brussels in 1906.[9]
One difference between the different species of Bordetella is that B. pertussis produces PT and the other species do not. Bordetella parapertussis shows the most similarity to B. pertussis and was therefore used for research determining the role of PT in causing the typical symptoms of whooping cough. Rat studies showed the development of paroxysmal coughing, a characteristic for whooping cough, occurred in rats infected with B. pertussis. Rats infected with B. parapertussis or a PT-deficient mutant of B. pertussis did not show this symptom; neither of these two strains produced PT.[10]
A large group of bacterial exotoxins are referred to as "A/B toxins", in essence because they are formed from two subunits.[11] The "A" subunit possesses enzyme activity, and is transferred to the host cell following a conformational change in the membrane-bound transport "B" subunit.[11] Pertussis toxin is an exotoxin with six subunits (named S1 through S5—each complex contains two copies of S4).[12][13] The subunits are arranged in A-B structure: the A component is enzymatically active and is formed from the S1 subunit, while the B component is the receptor-binding portion and is made up of subunits S2–S5.[13] The subunits are encoded by ptx genes encoded on a large PT operon that also includes additional genes that encode Ptl proteins. Together, these proteins form the PT secretion complex.[14]
Mechanism of pathogenesis
PT is released from B. pertussis in an inactive form. Following PT binding to a cell membrane receptor, it is taken up in an endosome, after which it undergoes retrograde transport to the trans-Golgi network and endoplasmic reticulum.[15] At some point during this transport, the A subunit (or protomer) becomes activated, perhaps through the action of glutathione and ATP.[12][16] PT catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of the αi subunits of the heterotrimeric G protein. This prevents the G proteins from interacting with G protein-coupled receptors on the cell membrane, thus interfering with intracellular communication.[17] The Gi subunits remain locked in their GDP-bound, inactive state, thus unable to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity, leading to increased cellular concentrations of cAMP.
Increased intracellular cAMP affects normal biological signaling. The toxin causes several systemic effects, among which is an increased release of insulin, causing hypoglycemia. Whether the effects of pertussis toxin are responsible for the paroxysmal cough remains unknown.[18]
As a result of this unique mechanism, PT has also become widely used as a biochemical tool to ADP-ribosylate GTP-binding proteins in the study of signal transduction.[1] It has also become an essential component of new acellular vaccines.[1]
Effects on the immune system
PT has been shown to affect the innate immune response. It inhibits the early recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages, and interferes with the early chemokine production and the inhibition of the neutrophil chemotaxis.[19] Chemokines are signaling molecules produced by infected cells and attract neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophil chemotaxis is thought to be disrupted by inhibiting G-protein-coupled chemokine receptors by the ADP-ribosylation of Gi proteins.[20]
Because of the disrupted signaling pathways, synthesis of chemokines will be affected. This will prevent the infected cell from producing them and thereby inhibiting recruitment of neutrophils. Under normal circumstances, alveolar macrophages and other lung cells produce a variety of chemokines. PT has been found to inhibit the early transcription of keratinocyte-derived chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and LPS-induced CXC chemokine.[20] Eventually, PT causes lymphocytosis, one of the systemic manifestations of whooping cough.[21]
PT, a decisive virulence determinant of B. pertussis, is able to cross the blood–brain barrier by increasing its permeability.[22] As a result, PT can cause severe neurological complications; however, recently it has been found that the medicinal usage of Pertussis toxin can promote the development of regulatory T cells and prevent central nervous system autoimmune disease, such as multiple sclerosis.[23]
PT is known to dissociate into two parts in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER): the enzymatically active A subunit (S1) and the cell-binding B subunit. The two subunits are separated by proteolic cleavage. The B subunit will undergo ubiquitin-dependent degradation by the 26S proteasome. However, the A subunit lacks lysine residues, which are essential for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Therefore, PT subunit A will not be metabolized like most other proteins.[24]
PT is heat-stable and protease-resistant, but once the A and B are separated, these properties change. The B subunit will stay heat-stable at temperatures up to 60 °C, but it is susceptible to protein degradation. PT subunit A, on the other hand, is less susceptible to ubiquitin-dependent degradation, but is unstable at temperature of 37 °C. This facilitates unfolding of the protein in the ER and tricks the cell into transporting the A subunit to the cytosol, where normally unfolded proteins will be marked for degradation. So, the unfolded conformation will stimulate the ERAD-mediated translocation of PT A into the cytosol. Once in the cytosol, it can bind to NAD and form a stable, folded protein again. Being thermally unstable is also the Achilles heel of PT subunit A. As always, there is an equilibrium between the folded and unfolded states. When the protein is unfolded, it is susceptible to degradation by the 20S proteasome, which can degrade only unfolded proteins.[24]
See also
- ^ a b c Stein PE, Boodhoo A, Armstrong GD, Cockle SA, Klein MH, Read RJ (January 1994). "The crystal structure of pertussis toxin". Structure. 2 (1): 45–57. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(00)00007-1. PMID 8075982.
- ^ Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
- ^ Carbonetti NH, Artamonova GV, Mays RM, Worthington ZE (November 2003). "Pertussis Toxin Plays an Early Role in Respiratory Tract Colonization by Bordetella pertussis". Infect. Immun. 71 (11): 6358–66. doi:10.1128/IAI.71.11.6358-6366.2003. PMC 219603. PMID 14573656.
- ^ Kost C, Herzer W, Li P, Jackson E (1999). "Pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins and regulation of blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat". Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 26 (5–6): 449–55. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03058.x. PMID 10386237.
- ^ Alfano M, Pushkarsky T, Poli G, Bukrinsky M (2000). "The B-Oligomer of Pertussis Toxin Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication at Multiple Stages". J Virol. 74 (18): 8767–70. doi:10.1128/JVI.74.18.8767-8770.2000. PMC 116391. PMID 10954581.
- ^ Bagley K, Abdelwahab S, Tuskan R, Fouts T, Lewis G (2002). "Pertussis toxin and the adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis activate human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and dominantly inhibit cytokine production through a cAMP-dependent pathway". J Leukoc Biol. 72 (5): 962–9. PMID 12429718.
- ^ Locht C, Keith JM (1986). "Pertussis toxin gene: nucleotide sequence and genetic organization". Science. 232 (4755): 1258–1264. doi:10.1126/science.3704651. PMID 3704651.
- ^ Rappuoli R, Nicosia A, Perugini M, Franzini C, Casagli MC, Borri MG, Antoni G, Almoni M, Neri P, Ratti G (1986). "Cloning and sequencing of the pertussis toxin genes: operon structure and gene duplication". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (13): 4631–4635. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.13.4631. PMC 323795. PMID 2873570.
- ^ Cherry JD (March 2007). "Historical Perspective on Pertussis and Use of Vaccines to Prevent It". Microbe Magazine. Archived from the original on 2011-06-23.
- ^ Parton R (June 1999). "Review of the biology of Bordetella pertussis". Biologicals. 27 (2): 71–6. doi:10.1006/biol.1999.0182. PMID 10600186.
- ^ a b Gibert M, Perelle S, Boquet P, Popoff MR (1993). "Characterization of Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin genes and expression in Escherichia coli". Infect. Immun. 61 (12): 5147–5156. PMC 281295. PMID 8225592.
- ^ a b Kaslow HR, Burns DL (June 1992). "Pertussis toxin and target eukaryotic cells: binding, entry, and activation". FASEB J. 6 (9): 2684–90. doi:10.1096/fasebj.6.9.1612292. PMID 1612292.
- ^ a b Locht C, Antoine R (1995). "A proposed mechanism of ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by the pertussis toxin S1 subunit". Biochimie. 77 (5): 333–40. doi:10.1016/0300-9084(96)88143-0. PMID 8527486.
- ^ Weiss A, Johnson F, Burns D (1993). "Molecular characterization of an operon required for pertussis toxin secretion". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 90 (7): 2970–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.7.2970. PMC 46218. PMID 8464913.
- ^ Plaut RD, Carbonetti NH (May 2008). "Retrograde transport of pertussis toxin in the mammalian cell". Cell. Microbiol. 10 (5): 1130–9. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01115.x. PMID 18201245.
- ^ Finger H, von Koenig CH (1996). "Bordetella". In Barron S, et al. (eds.). Barron's Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
- ^ Burns D (1988). "Subunit structure and enzymic activity of pertussis toxin". Microbiol Sci. 5 (9): 285–7. PMID 2908558.
- ^ Carbonetti NH (2010). "Pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin: key virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis and cell biology tools". Future Microbiol. 5 (3): 455–69. doi:10.2217/fmb.09.133. PMC 2851156. PMID 20210554.
- ^ Bestebroer J, De Haas CJ, Van Strijp JA (2010). "How microorganisms avoid phagocyte attraction". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 34 (3): 395–414. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00202.x. PMID 20059549.
- ^ a b Andreasen, C. & Carbonetti, N.H. (2008). "Pertussis Toxin Inhibits Early Chemokine Production To Delay Neutrophil Recruitment in Response to Bordetella pertussis Respiratory Tract Infection in Mice". Infection and Immunity. 76 (11): 5139–5148. doi:10.1128/IAI.00895-08. PMC 2573337. PMID 18765723.
- ^ Cherry, J.D.; Baraff, LJ; Hewlett, E (1989). "The past, present, and future of pertussis. The role of adults in epidemiology and future control". Western Journal of Medicine. 150 (3): 319–328. PMC 1026455. PMID 2660414.
- ^ Kügler S, Böcker K, Heusipp G, Greune L, Kim KS, Schmidt MA (March 2007). "Pertussis toxin transiently affects barrier integrity, organelle organization and transmigration of monocytes in a human brain microvascular endothelial cell barrier model". Cell. Microbiol. 9 (3): 619–32. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00813.x. PMID 17002784.
- ^ Weber MS, Benkhoucha M, Lehmann-Horn K, et al. (2010). Unutmaz D (ed.). "Repetitive Pertussis Toxin Promotes Development of Regulatory T Cells and Prevents Central Nervous System Autoimmune Disease". PLoS ONE. 5 (12): e16009. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016009. PMC 3012729. PMID 21209857.
- ^ a b Pande AH, Moe D, Jamnadas M, Tatulian SA, Teter K (2006). "The Pertussis Toxin S1 Subunit Is a Thermally Unstable Protein Susceptible to Degradation by the 20S Proteasome". Biochemistry. 45 (46): 13734–40. doi:10.1021/bi061175+. PMC 2518456. PMID 17105192.
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Pertussis toxin, subunit 1 Provide feedback
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Literature references
Hazes B, Boodhoo A, Cockle SA, Read RJ; , J Mol Biol 1996;258:661-671.: Crystal structure of the pertussis toxin-ATP complex: a molecular sensor. PUBMED:8637000 EPMC:8637000
Internal database links
External database links
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR003898
A large group of bacterial exotoxins are referred to as "A/B toxins", essentially because they are formed from two subunits [PUBMED:8225592]. The "A" subunit possesses enzyme activity, and is transferred to the host cell following a conformational change in the membrane-bound transport "B" subunit [PUBMED:8225592].
Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, and is a Gram-negative aerobic coccus. Its major virulence factor is the pertussis toxin, an A/B exotoxin that mediates both colonisation and toxaemic stages of the the disease [PUBMED:3704651, PUBMED:2873570]. Recombinant, inactive forms of the 5 subunits that make up the toxin have proven to be good vaccines. The S1 ("A") subunit of pertussis toxin causes the characteristic sound of the "whoop" in whooping cough. It achieves this through ADP-ribosylation of host Gi alpha-units, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor [PUBMED:3704651, PUBMED:2873570]. Uninhibited, this enzyme produces elevated levels of cAMP, leading to increased cell exudate and inflammation in the lungs [PUBMED:2737291].
The crystal structure of pertussis toxin has been determined to 2.9A resolution [PUBMED:8075982]. The catalytic A-subunit (S1) shares structural similarity with other ADP-ribosylating bacterial toxins, although differences in the C-terminal portion explain its unique activation mechanism. Despite its heterogeneous subunit composition, the structure of the cell-binding B-oligomer (S2, S3, two copies of S4, and S5) resembles the symmetrical B-pentamers of the cholera and shiga toxin families, but it interacts differently with the A-subunit and there is virtually no sequence similarity between B-subunits of the different toxins.
Gene Ontology
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|Cellular component
|extracellular region (GO:0005576)
|Molecular function
|NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (GO:0003950)
|Biological process
|pathogenesis (GO:0009405)
Domain organisation
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Pfam Clan
This family is a member of clan ADP-ribosyl (CL0084), which has the following description:
The members of this clan all represent ADP-ribosylating catalytic domains. The structurally conserved regions are located at the NAD binding region [1]. According to SCOP, the ADP-ribosylation domain is thought to have an "unusual fold".
The clan contains the following 19 members:ADPrib_exo_Tox ADPRTs_Tse2 Anthrax-tox_M Arr-ms ART ART-PolyVal AvrPphF-ORF-2 Diphtheria_C Dot_icm_IcmQ DUF2441 DUF952 Enterotoxin_a Exotox-A_cataly NADase_NGA PARP Pertussis_S1 PTS_2-RNA RolB_RolC TNT
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1Cannot generate PP/Heatmap alignments for seeds; no PP data available
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|Structural domain
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|Sequence Ontology:
|Griffiths-Jones SR
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|Average length of the domain:
|112.10 aa
|Average identity of full alignment:
|27 %
|Average coverage of the sequence by the domain:
|20.59 %
HMM information
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build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED
search method: hmmsearch -Z 45638612 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq
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Species distribution
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Interactive tree
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There are 5 interactions for this family. More...
We determine these interactions using iPfam, which considers the interactions between residues in three-dimensional protein structures and maps those interactions back to Pfam families. You can find more information about the iPfam algorithm in the journal article that accompanies the website.
For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the Pertussis_S1 domain has been found. There are 19 instances of this domain found in the PDB. Note that there may be multiple copies of the domain in a single PDB structure, since many structures contain multiple copies of the same protein sequence.
Loading structure mapping...


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Welcome to My Personal Page
I am so proud to take part in this year's Walk with Israel. This year is especially meaningful to me as Israel is celebrating it's 70th birthday! For me, fundraising for the Walk is an incredible way to show my support for the people of Israel and to feel a deeper connection to the land and its people.
In helping me reach my fundraising goals, you are also helping to strengthen the people of Israel and making a statement that Israel's existence is vital to Jews worldwide.
Personal Gift
This fundraiser made a self donation.
My Fundraising Progress:
of Goal
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Fundraising Honor Roll
Johnny Zinati
Davida Gerber
Lisa Morrison
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subset: commoncrawl


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The 25-year-old joined West Ham last summer from Wigan but has been at the centre of transfer speculation. Despite a strongly-worded statement from Diame last week insisting he was fully committed to the club's cause, his future continues to draw attention, with Arsenal reported to be ready to trigger a ?3.5million release clause.
"My plan is that I am playing him because I hope and I believe he is going to be here after Thursday," said Allardyce. "Diame is a professional, he is paid to play for West Ham United. I expect everyone to put the shirt on and play with a passion, with the ability and desire that they have got."
Despite West Ham's clear determination to retain Diame, Allardyce accepts the nature of the volatile January transfer market means the situation is out of his hands.
"It will be money talking, won't it? And when money talks there's no stopping it, especially in this window," he said.
"This is the worst month for everybody because of the volatility of the market, the suggestions on a daily basis what is happening to your players, or about players coming to your club, which upsets the player in that position when they read about it even though no-one is coming in.
"The whole footballing world is disrupted."
West Ham have finally strengthened their backline with the loan signing of former Middlesbrough defender Emanuel Pogatetz from Wolfsburg this week. However, plans to also bring in left-back Stephen Warnock from Aston Villa were derailed, as the 31-year-old looks set to join Leeds instead.
West Ham could yet look to push through a move for Blackburn's Sweden international defender Martin Olsson, whom Allardyce worked with while in charge at Ewood Park. The npower Championship knocked back an initial offer, believed to be around ?2million, which is half their valuation.
On-loan striker Andy Carroll has been out with a knee injury since November, but there is a chance he could be included in the squad at Fulham.
Source: PA
Source: PA


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What can be done to divorce this article from the Wikipedia article and related links?--Louis email@example.com/22.214.171.124 00:28, 28 July 2007 (UTC)
For a full more accurate acount see the Wizard Behind Harry Potter: A Bio of JKR! --Bellatrix+Hermione 23:42, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
I was gonna copy and paste from wikipedia
I thought that was against the rules though. *smacks head* I was also quite surprised no article was made of the author.
Harry J. Potter 19:58, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
- There was. I redirected your page here. -- Freakatone Talk 19:59, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
'Steve Kloves took time off to work on his own movie in 2007'
Anyone have a source for this? According to IMDb (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0460141/), he did not do anything between GoF and HBP. MuggleButtons 13:28, 19 May 2009 (UTC)
Why is there a space between the . and the K? -- GrouchMan 14:55, 18 July 2009 (UTC)
- It's just the proper spelling. --Parodist 01:49, October 2, 2009 (UTC)
Would Rowling's Twitter account be worth mentioning, perhaps in the personal life section? --Parodist 01:49, October 2, 2009 (UTC)
JKR name
- Shouldn't we move the article to Joanne Kathleen Rowling ? --Thorning 19:41, May 12, 2010 (UTC)
- I don't think so. "Kathleen" has never been part of her legal name; Bloomsbury thought that young boys wouldn't want to buy books written by a woman, so she borrowed "Kathleen" from her paternal grandmother, and shortened it to "J.K." to neutralise her gender. But I wouldn't say no to perhaps moving it to either Joanne Rowling (her maiden name) or Joanne Murray (her legal married name). --Cubs Fan (Talk to me) 05:05, May 13, 2010 (UTC)
- According to the policy the article titles must have the first name and the surname. So I think we should move this to Joanne Rowling or Joanne Murray (I prefer the first). --El Profeta Vespertino 22:08, June 18, 2010 (UTC)
- But nearly everybody calls her J. K. Rowling: see wikipedia:Wikipedia:Article titles#Common names. AnthonyAppleyard 03:57, June 19, 2010 (UTC)
- J K Rowling is the name she uses as the author, and is the common name. This should be the name we use. Also, moving the article in the middle of a discussion about the naming convention is not a wise idea; I have reverted accordingly. - Cavalier One(Wizarding Wireless Network) 10:00, July 12, 2010 (UTC)
- I agree with Cav. J. K. Rowling is the name she uses as an author, and so what the article should be called. Grunny (talk) 10:06, July 12, 2010 (UTC)
Undated, uncited and confusing bit
The "After Harry" section contains the following, which is undated, uncited and somewhat confusing:
A message was given out by J.K.Rowling she has said that the Harry Potter series is not completed. In her mind, she is now planning to write the last of the series, it is unknown what year it is put in and J.K.Rowling is wanting to finish the books with a bang.Is this something which was said before or after the publication of Deathly Hallows? Does anyone know what the source is for this? Whatever its provenance, it contradicts the earlier sentence in the article, "The series is complete." Should it be removed? —Josiah Rowe 07:55, November 25, 2010 (UTC)
- Removed. - Nick O'Demus 08:58, November 25, 2010 (UTC)
- Thanks! —Josiah Rowe 09:03, November 25, 2010 (UTC)
Misleading inaccuracy
Okay, if I could just lend a hand here, there is a problem with "On 23 January 2005, Rowling's third child by Dr. Murray was born, fulfilling Rowling's lifelong wish to have three children."
This is blatantly wrong. Rowling's first child, Jessica Isabel Rowling Arantes, was not by Doctor Murray. This child's father is Jorge Arantes.
The sentence strongly suggests, and rightly so, by reasonable interpretation, that the child born on 23 January 2005 was Rowling's third child by Dr. Murray. This is not true. Rowling's first child was not born to Rowling by Doctor Murray.
Therefore, the simple addition of two commas is necessary, thus: "On 23 January 2005, Rowling's third child, by Dr. Murray, was born, fulfilling Rowling's lifelong wish to have three children."
The addition of these two commas recognizes that yes, Rowling's third child was born on 23 January 2005; however, this third child was born to Rowling by Dr. Murray, while Rowling's first child was not born to Rowling by Doctor Murray.
That is, only Rowling's second and third children were born to her by Doctor Murray. I'm surprised no one caught this inaccuracy before now. It also demonstrates and illustrates how the simple addition of a punctuation mark can change the contextual meaning of a sentence, in such a way as to render it an accurate statement--while previously, without the punctuation mark, it was not. --ProfessorTrek 14:03, March 4, 2012 (UTC)
Is this true that she changed her surname to Murray?
Should we add this info?Kintobor (talk) 21:50, June 22, 2018 (UTC)Kintobor
- There's nothing to suggest that she has. -- Saxon 14:54, July 4, 2018 (UTC)
Source: [1]--RogueOwner (talk) 07:04, April 14, 2020 (UTC)


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Shark Tank Season 7Eps29
The Sharks consider investing in a twist on traditional hummus, eyelash extensions and edible cups; and two brothers from Paradise Valley, Ariz, arrive in tuxedos ...
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On the season six premiere, a couple from Ft. Worth, TX turned tragedy into inspiration and devised a unique way to swaddle a baby; a ...
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Savory cake balls.
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Ambitious entrepreneurs present their breakthrough business concepts.
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NBA star Bill Walton helps a triathelet pitch an idea for a water bottle.
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A new batch of entrepreneurs pitch to the Sharks for investment dollars.
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Pitches include a teenager with an app to stop cyberbullying; two men from New Jersey and their ingenious at-home beer dispenser; and Pittsburgh Steelers star ...
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Ambitious entrepreneurs present their breakthrough business concepts.
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Shark Tank Season 10,Shark Tank Season 10 2018


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You are here
How can health care facilities be more sensitive to health literacy?
Health care facilities, including clinics, pharmacies, and hospitals, can be challenging for the average patient to navigate. Aspects of the physical environment, printed materials, and communication patterns may make serve as barriers to patients' participation in their health care.
Fortunately, health care facilities can take steps to be more accessible to consumers.
- Assess the complexity of the current environment by speaking with patients, family members, and staff.
Conduct an audit of the environment.
- This involves taking a close look at things like the physical layout, noise level, signs, forms, educational handouts, and communication techniques used by staff.
- Guides for performing a health literacy environmental audit in , as well as in , are available.
- 365体育足球
Work on problem areas to make the area more health literacy-friendly. For example…
- If the assessment in a clinic reveals that the check-in process involves complex forms with small print, the staff can simplify and reformat these documents, as well as offer assistance in their completion.
- If the assessment reveals that patients leave the hospital uncertain about the next steps in their care, then staff should receive , use , and effectively solicit questions.


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Ella Wheeler Wilcox
Ella Wheeler Wilcox (5 November 1850 - 30 October 1919 / Johnstown Center / Rock County / Wisconsin)
» Click to list general statistics » OR, select a date :
Do you wish the world were better?
Let me tell you what to do:
Set a watch for your actions,
Keep them always straight and true;
read more >>
- Hits: Number of visitors who read the poem on the given date.
- Posts: Number of visitors who posted the poem to a friend (via e-mail) on the given date.
- Dates that have "0" hits may not be shown on the list.
- Dates, poems and poets that have "0" hits may not be shown on the list. Statistics are generated daily.


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Free Prescription Programs
Free prescription programs, such as the one provided by the PS Card, can help almost anyone save on the high cost of medications. This is particularly true of people who suffer from chronic health conditions. Chronic health conditions are those that are ongoing without necessarily being life-threatening. Such conditions require patients who suffer from them to take medications on a regular basis in order to manage and control symptoms.
If you have a chronic health condition and are uninsured--or under-insured--it may be a struggle to scrape up the money to pay for those all-important prescriptions. Some medications can run into the thousands of dollars for only a single month's supply. The PS Card is free to anyone who wants it and provides discounts ranging between 20 and 80 percent on virtually all of the 14,000 medications that have been approved by the FDA. When you use the PS Card's free prescription program, you'll never have to worry about paying full retail price for your medications again.
The PS Card Is a Free Prescription Program to Help Everbody
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See if you qualify for Prescription Assistance


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A charter bus full of passengers struck a bridge in Boston on Saturday night, injuring several people, authorities said.
The bus carrying 42 people was coming from Harvard University and was heading back to Pennsylvania when it struck an overpass in the Allston neighborhood shortly before 8 p.m., according to the Boston Fire Department.
Massachusetts State Police said several people aboard the bus were injured, though it had no immediate details on the nature of the injuries.
State Police said the Calvary Coach Bus out of Philadelphia was too high for the roadway. A spokesman for the bus company said he had no immediate information on the crash.
Photos posted on the Fire Department's website showed firefighters extracting people from the bus.
The accident happened on Soldiers Field Road, a major crosstown roadway in Boston that curves along the Charles River and passes by Harvard and Boston University. It is a major roadway to the Massachusetts Turnpike


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Walker calls special election to fill vacancy
Special election will coincide with spring election dates
MADISON, Wis. — A special election to fill Wisconsin's vacant 98th state Assembly district seat in Waukesha County will coincide with the spring election dates in February and April.
Gov. Scott Walker said Monday that the election for the seat will be April 2. If a primary is needed, it will be on Feb. 19.
The vacancy was created by Rep. Paul Farrow's victory in an uncontested special election for the state Senate.
Walker says picking dates that coincide with the spring election will help reduce costs to taxpayers.
Four Republican candidates have already announced they are running for the open seat. They are Jeanne Tarantino, Adam Neylon, Todd Greenwald, and Matt Morzy.


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A quarter century ago, Rich Doyle and Dan Kenary were friends who enjoyed going out and grabbing a beer or two. The pair founded Boston's Harpoon Brewery, and next month, the brewery will celebrate its 25th anniversary.
A quarter century ago, Rich Doyle and Dan Kenary were friends who enjoyed going out and grabbing a beer or two.
The pair founded Boston's Harpoon Brewery, and next month, the brewery will celebrate its 25th anniversary.
"It sounds like a long time, but it doesn't necessarily feel that long," Doyle said.
"It's really incredible," Kenary said. "This is one of those anniversaries that you really notice. I'm 50 now, and I was 25 when we started the brewery, so it's been half of my life now."
To celebrate the anniversary, Doyle and Kenary went into the brewhouse together and brewed a commemorative beer: Rich and Dan's Rye IPA. The beer is part of Harpoon's 100 Barrel Series, meaning only 3,100 gallons of it have been brewed.
Both said they knew they wanted to create an anniversary beer but had trouble deciding what to do. So, like a lot of people who have tough decisions to make do, they went bar hopping.
"We were talking about different beers for two months, and a bunch of stuff we've always wanted to do had already been done," said Kenary. "We said, 'Let's go out to a bunch of beer bars and see what we can figure out."'
And what they realized is they really liked the taste of rye.
"I really like the IPA style, and I really enjoy the rye; it really gives a different wrinkle to our favorite style," Doyle said.
The Rye IPA is a well-done beer. Rye adds a spiciness that other malts don't, and that worked well. Both Doyle and Kenary said they were pleased with how the beer came out.
Doyle and Kenary said they are amazed by how the American beer industry has changed since they began. And at the time they first started, U.S. breweries were looked down upon by their counterparts in Europe.
"The United States has gone from a laughing stock of beer choice to what I think is the best place in the world to drink beer," said Doyle. "We take a trip to Europe with some of our employees every year, and now small breweries there are looking to us for inspiration."
Craft beer drinkers' tastes have also changed. When Harpoon IPA debuted in 1986, people were shocked by what they tasted.
"No one knew what an IPA was back in 1986," said Kenary. "When Harpoon Ale came out, we had to explain what that was. It's wild. With the IPA, there were plenty of times that people would say, 'What the heck is that?' People have a hard time (understanding) how much different it was back then."
Harpoon itself has also grown from a 5,000-square-foot brewery to two separate breweries: 50,000 square feet in Boston and another 40,000 square feet in Vermont.
Not only do they do the regular lineup of beers, they added the 100 Barrel Series, the Leviathan Series (high-alcohol beers) and the UFO series (unfiltered beers).
"We've been driven by our mission to make great beers and to be very accessible to our customers," said Doyle. "We want to continue to expand what we're doing here in Boston and continue to do what we've been able to do."
Despite the brewery being 25 years old, both Doyle and Kenary said they're still excited about their jobs.
"We've got so many great people coming to work everyday that it never gets old," said Kenary. "We've been blessed."
Doyle said, "In a lot of ways, I have more passion now than I had back then. We've been around for a while, no question about it, and we anticipate being part of the next 25 years.
"We're doing what we're doing better than ever, and we enjoy it more than ever."
Norman Miller is a Daily News staff writer in Massachusetts. For questions, comments, suggestions or recommendations, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com or call 508-626-3823. Check out The Beer Nut blog at http://blogs.wickedlocal.com/beernut/ or follow the Beer Nut at his Twitter page at www.twitter.com/realbeernut.


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Model #CLP-7035
|List Price:
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General Description
We're committed to exceeding your expectations:
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Industrial Metal Shelving - 5 Open Shelves, 36"x24"x87"H
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This product is a part of Clipper Industrial Metal Shelving with Open Shelves
There are 16 products in the family


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Part-Time Professor - Structures II
- Tracking Code
- Job Description
Durham College is seeking an experienced and motivated professional who shares our commitment to quality and student success. The School of Science and Engineering Technology requires a part-time professor to teach ATST 3134 – Structures II.
In this course, students will study the expanded concepts of reinforced concrete components, wood structures (members) and structural steel framing system in residential and light duty commercial buildings. The basic structural elements will be investigated along with the required load analysis utilizing standard force diagrams and formulas. Case study projects and architectural drawings will be studied. In the consideration of the case study projects, safety issues will be considered with particular attention directed to personal safety on each project.
Part-time recruitment is ongoing and is dependent on when courses are being taught and the need for faculty to teach. Part-time faculty teach up to 6 hours per week with varied schedules Monday through Thursday between 8:00 am and 9:00 pm and Fridays between 8:00 am and 6:00 pm.
For more information about the different courses available, please look at the link to our School: https://durhamcollege.ca/academic-schools/school-of-science-and-engineering-technology
The responsibilities of Durham College Part-time Professors include, but are not limited to:
- Creating a positive learning environment that accommodates students' diverse cultural and educational backgrounds, experiences, and individual learning styles;
- Utilizing principles of adult education to actively engage students in the learning process;
- Effectively using educational technologies to support learning, manage and post grades, and deliver hybrid and on-line courses;
- Developing curriculum that uses appropriate strategies and tools to assess student learning;
- Ensuring that course and program curriculum is current and relevant;
- Working independently and demonstrating initiative; and
- Working effectively with students, the program team, and a variety of internal and external stakeholders.
Required Skills:
The ideal candidate will meet or exceed the following qualifications:
- A relevant degree combined with industry credentials (Master's is an asset).
- A minimum of five years of recent (within the past three years) and relevant work experience.
- Teaching experience at the post-secondary level with a demonstrated understanding and application of Universal Design for Learning and current assessment methodologies.
- Experience participating in industry-led or community-based applied research is an asset.
- Demonstrated use of current technologies to support student learning and the management of grades.
- Proven track-record of life-long learning.
- Demonstrated ability to work effectively with a variety of internal and external stakeholders including students, faculty, support staff, administrators and community stakeholders.
- Understanding of the Ontario college system.
To apply, please submit your resume below on-line.
Preference will be given to candidates with relevant educational credentials and a proven track record of relevant work/teaching experience. Applicants must have the appropriate accreditation or trade certification.
Durham College invites applications from all qualified individuals. Durham is committed to fostering workplace diversity, and, provides accommodations to applicants with disabilities throughout our hiring process. If you require this information in alternate format; require communication supports; an accommodation in applying for a posting and/or if you are selected for an interview, please contact our Human Resources (HR) department and an HR assistant will work with you to meet your needs.
Telephone: 905.721.3073
Email: email@example.com
We thank you for your interest in employment with Durham College however, only those candidates selected for an interview will be contacted.
- Job Location
- Oshawa, Canada
- Position Type
- Temporary


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Local angus breeder recognized for owning proven bulls
Robert R. Petty, Jr. of Nolan, Texas, owns two bulls listed in the Spring 2011 Sire Evaluation Report published by the American Angus Association® in Saint Joseph, Mo. National Cattle Evaluation (NCE) expected progeny differences (EPDs) are now generated on a weekly basis; however a biannual report is still pr http://www.angus.org/ inted. Issued in both the spring and fall, the Sire Evaluation Report features the latest performance information available on 4,765 sires, and is currently accessible at www.angus.org."This report provides both Angus breeders and commercial cattle producers using Angus genetics with accurate, predictable selection tools for improving their herd," says Bill Bowman, American Angus Association chief operating officer (COO) and director of performance programs. EPDs are generated from the performance database of the American Angus Association, which includes information submitted by nearly 8,300 Angus breeders this past year through the Association's Beef Improvement Records (BIR) program.EPDs are listed for growth and maternal traits, as well as Residual Average Daily Gain (RADG), docility and carcass traits that integrate DNA databases in addition to performance records. Decision-making tools also include values in the suite of bio-economic indexes designed to assist commercial producers in simplifying the genetic selection process. In addition, the Spring 2011 Sire Evaluation Report includes an updated research report for heifer pregnancy.The semi-annual Sire Evaluation Report utilizes over 19 million measures used to generate more than 55 million EPDs for the Angus breed.The American Angus Association with headquarters in Saint Joseph, Mo., provides programs and services for nearly 30,000 members nationwide and thousands of commercial producers who use Angus genetics. Go to www.angus.org for more information.


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Check out the latest RPG news | Podcasts | Twitch Streams
My point wasn't that it was or wasn't good strategy but that FEDS1 isn't the only game in the series with bullshit access requirements.
If you let someone die in FE7 your survival rank goes down. Completely different strategy mechanics.I suppose it must be hard for your average RPG player to figure out strategy, skill, and scoring systems when they mainly play games that have no scoring systems and reward grinding.
Limit us to 20 recruitable units max, that's what. Calling it now, this game's going to be more boring than FE8 was.
Unless I'm mistaken that only counts for people within my own team.
Let's just hope that this time the game's MU doesn't break the game in half like FEDS2's did....Oh who am I kidding, we've already got a free roaming overworld, what's a team full of shit kickers being led by a God Tier MU and a fairly one-sided support defend/attack mechanic plus a skill system more flexible and in depth than even FE10's was going to do to balance that?
http://www.siliconera.com/2012/02/14/do-you-want-your-fire-emblem-characters-to-die/Lunatic and Casual (i.e. no perma death) modos confirmed. No mention of any Reverse Lunatic modos or Gaiden chapters that require the player to be under a certain threshold of units.
Quote from: Aeolus on February 15, 2012, 10:12:44 AMhttp://www.siliconera.com/2012/02/14/do-you-want-your-fire-emblem-characters-to-die/Lunatic and Casual (i.e. no perma death) modos confirmed. No mention of any Reverse Lunatic modos or Gaiden chapters that require the player to be under a certain threshold of units.
mjrpgfan, your antagonistic remarks towards people whose opinions you don't agree with is generally frowned upon. Consider this your second warning.
To be perfectly fair, I do have my misgivings when I see developers start stuffing gameplay systems from every previous game in the series into their latest creation. It didn't work at all for Sword of Mana and the more I see of this and consider the twelve games that came before it, the more I worry that'll turn into a clusterfuck of gameplay systems.That and I seriously wasn't expecting you of all people to call me out on being an elitist prick. It's almost worth badgering you now.
my problem with both DS FE's is that they were way too faithful to the originals and seemed to make the assumption that the player doesnt care about any individual unit. as if they are merely chess piece's to the player.


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Home > Toys & Games > Other Toys > Bowling Pin Craft Kit
This Bowling Pin Craft Kit is great for a bowling party activity or a way to allow your creativity to come forward. The set includes a 4" wooden bowling pin and an acrylic paint set containing 6 paint colors and brush. Put your little Picassos to work creating a "striking" hand painted bowling pin with this fun Bowling Pin Craft Kit.


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50 Competitive Intelligence Analysis Techniques
7 October 2013 |
Analysis is often where the ball drops as far as competitive intelligence analysts are concerned. Yet this is the only way the team can truly extract insights from the data and the intelligence gathered, and have a chance to play a role in the company's strategic planning process. You will find below 50 analysis techniques you should master. This is not a complete list, and it should be adapted depending on the strategic needs of your company, as well as the nature of your business.
I have ranked them by theme, but also suggested the level of complexity. The techniques marked with an asterisk* are included in Competia's course "Advanced Analysis Techniques".
Industry Structure and Competitiveness
A structured method to analyze both internal and external factors that are likely to affect a company's success. This framework needs little introduction as it has been used and overused in virtually every strategic planning discussion I have been part of. I would caution analysts that SWOT might be useful to organize information, but certainly not to guide strategic decision making. It needs to be combined with the TOWS matrix to gain additional insights.
More: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_05.htm
Complexity: low
2-SCP Framework ( Structure-Conduct-Performance)*
The SCP framework is process to understand how players' behavior and external shocks can affect an industry's future profitability and growth. It can be at times difficult to run as it requires executives to project into the future, but insights are real and lead to great strategic discussions.
More on McKinsey's site (includes an audio file): http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/strategy/enduring_ideas_the_scp_framework
An example of analysis here: https://www.frost.com/sublib/display-market-insight.do?id=170405929
Complexity: Medium
3-ADL Matrix
This analysis helps one understand how an industry's maturity and competitive position affects strategy. It compares two axes: industry maturity (ranging from embryonic, growing, mature, to aging) and competitive position (from dominant to weak).
More here: http://www.comindwork.com/weekly/2013-05-06/productivity/adl-matrix-portfolio-management
Complexity: Medium
4-Porter's Five Forces*
Porter's framework provides a checklist to analyze the competitiveness level of an industry based on the balance of power. When using it, do not forget it is only the start of your analysis. The next step includes defining which strategy would augment chances of success: cost structure strategy, differentiation strategy or integration strategy.
More: about Michael Porter's work at Harvard Business School
Complexity: Low
5-Industry cost curves
Using supply curves, the frameworks helps you anticipate capacity investments, plant closures, and pricing changes for a product.
More: http://xray-delta.com/2012/04/24/do-you-know-how-to-use-this-classic-tool-industry-cost-curves/
Complexity: High
6-Value Net
This analysis extends the five-forces framework by examining the role of complementors (companies from which customers buy complementary products or services) and their effect, which is the mirror image that of competitors.
More: https://faculty.fuqua.duke.edu/~moorman/GeneralMills/Section2/Section2Documents/SandBLandscape-p31-35.pdf
Complexity: Low
7-The Space Matrix
This is a valuable method for analyzing the competitive position of an organization. It highlights two internal dimensions (financial strength and competitive advantage) and two external dimensions (industry strength and environmental stability) to determine the organization's strategic position in the industry. The company's strategic strength is then defined as aggressive, competitive, conservative or defensive.
More: https://faculty.fuqua.duke.edu/~moorman/GeneralMills/Section2/Section2Documents/SPACE%20Matrix.pdf
Complexity: Low
This framework is used in the early phases of strategy development to describe the landscape and environment in which a firm operates ( PEST stands for Political, Economic, Social and Technological). Note: It is sometimes transformed into SLEPT (Social, Legal, Economic, Political, Technological), PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental/Ecological, Legal), STEEPLE (Social, Technological, Economic, Environmental, Legal, Ethical), etc.
More: http://184.108.40.206/~stratey0/portfolio-view/framework-of-the-week-78-pest-analysis-revisited/
Complexity: Low
9-Inflection point analysis
An inflection point is: "An event that changes the way we think and act." This analysis identifies when and where inflection points are likely to happen.
More: I like the short explanation here: http://www.safehaven.com/article/22158/inflection-points-a-short-explanation
An example by Accenture in the US Biopharmaceutical Industry
Complexity: High
10- Hypercompetition
By leveraging Richard d'Aveni's frameworks of competitive cycles, analysts can predict future industry dynamics.
More: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNbIWLT_HV4 and get the book http://www.amazon.com/Hypercompetition-Richard-A-Daveni/dp/0029069386
Complexity: Medium
Future market size estimation and analysis
11-Evaluation and Estimation of the Market Size*
These techniques will allow you to calculate the size of the market even when no study exists or no information is publicly available. Many methods—from top-down to bottom-up and extrapolations from market segments—can be triangulated to get the correct answer. The main advantage of these analyses is that they lead to a good, solid strategic definition of the industry or market boundaries and helps highlight blind spots.
More: from Harvard http://hbr.org/product/marketing-analysis-toolkit-market-size-and-market-/an/510081-PDF-ENG
Complexity: Medium
12-Lifetime value analysis
This customer lifetime value analysis consists of predicting the revenue a customer will generate over his or her entire lifetime.
More: https://www.custora.com/tour/feature_predictive_customer_lifetime_value_clv_retail
Complexity: Medium
13- Supply and demand curves
In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market. It concludes that in a competitive market, the unit price for a particular good will vary until it settles at a point where the quantity demanded by consumers (at current price) will equal the quantity supplied by producers (at current price), resulting in an economic equilibrium for price and quantity.
More: a good primer here http://www.oup.com/us/pdf/microecon/ch02ppt.pdf
Complexity: High
Customer intelligence
14-Journey map
The journey map describes the journey of a user by representing the different touchpoints that characterize his or her interaction with the service.
More: http://www.cmo.com/articles/2012/10/30/customer-journey-mapping-10-tips-for-beginners.html
Complexity: Low
The personas process includes the development of archetypal users to direct the vision and design of new products or services.
More: http://www.findandconvert.com/persona-analysis/
Complexity: Medium
16- Value chain analysis
A systematic approach to analyze your value chain, and identify where to create the greatest value for the customer.
More here: https://depts.washington.edu/oei/resources/toolsTemplates/value_chain_analysis.pdf and here http://www.provenmodels.com/26
Complexity: Medium
Growth path analysis
17-Three Horizons*
The Three Horizons framework provides a structure for companies to assess potential opportunities for growth without neglecting performance in the present. The concept was developed in the book, The Alchemy of Growth: Practical Insights for Building the Enduring Enterprise.
Listen to an explanation here: http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/strategy/enduring_ideas_the_three_horizons_of_growth
A guide here: http://paul4innovating.com/2011/08/17/the-navigation-of-the-three-horizon-framework-an-emerging-guide/
Complexity: Low
18-Staircases to Growth*
The staircase approach is a method to map a company's possible growth path by continuously compounding skills and options. I have used this framework extensively to either map a competitor's past staircase (and hence anticipate future moves) or as a tool for a strategy team to brainstorm about strategic options.
More: The excellent McKinsey Quarterly article here is a must read : http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/growth/staircases_to_growth
Complexity: Medium
19-Seven degrees of freedom
This analysis is based on the belief that the success of a strategy is based on the ability of a company to identify its strengths and build on them.
For more, read "The Mind of the strategist" by Kenichi Ohmae http://www.economist.com/media/globalexecutive/books/mind_of_the_strategist_e_03.pdf
Complexity: Low
20-Directional Policy Matrix*
The directional policy matrix allows you to pick growth avenues based on market attractiveness and company strength. It has also been called the GE matrix, as GE uses this analysis in its strategy process. It can be run qualitatively or quantitatively, depending on the learning style of your executives.
More: read here http://www.changefactory.com.au/articles/business-strategy/making-good-strategic-choices-directional-policy-matrix/
Complexity: Low
21-BCG Matrix
Frankly, I hesitated to include this analysis here. The BCG matrix is a framework to help decision making on existing product lines. Developed in the 1980s, it has been used to evaluate how a company should think about its portfolio based on two criteria: the relative market share of a product and the market growth rate. I won't spend too much time on it as it often leads to erroneous decisions (niche strategies do not fit very well in here).
More on Wikipedia http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCG-Matrix
Complexity: Low
22-Ansoff Growth Strategy Matrix
The Ansoff Matrix (first published by the Harvard Business Review in 1957) is sometimes called the Product/Market Expansion Grid. It shows four growth options for business formed by matching up existing and new products and services with existing and new markets.
More: quick summary here http://www.timeanalyzer.com/lib/ansoff.htm
Complexity: Low
23-Strategy diamond
The framework (developed by Donald Hambrick and James Frederickson) puts the economic logic at the center of the analysis. Four dimensions are analyzed: Arenas, Vehicles, Differentiators, Staging and Economic logic. Strategy is about making important choices, and the real power of a Strategy Diamond is that it integrates important choices into a bigger picture instead of as a piecemeal approach.
More: http://22.214.171.124/~stratey0/portfolio-view/framework-of-the-week-84-strategy-diamond/
Complexity: Medium
24-Familiarity Matrix
Its two axes—familiarity with market factors and technology or service—are both divided into new familiar and new unfamiliar. The market dimension refers to the amount of knowledge possessed by the diversifying company of various characteristics of the market and the competitors within it. Newness of a market is the extent to which the company has previously targeted it.
More here: http://www.mbaknol.com/strategic-management/a-new-business-strategy-familiarity-matrix/
Complexity: Medium
25-Core competence analysis
An organization's core competencies are its strategically important capabilities that are central to fulfilling its mission and providing an advantage in the marketplace. Core competencies are difficult for competitors to imitate, and they provide companies with a sustainable competitive advantage. This analysis often forms the first step into the Staircases to growth analysis.
More: http://22.214.171.124/me_/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/7171_Gallon-et-al-Putting-Core-Competency-Thinking.pdf
Complexity: High
Financial analysis ( for the non financial specialist)
26-ROCE Tree*
The ROCE Tree is a simple method to compare players in an industry and understand structural differences in performance. I like it allows you to simply present on a one-pager insights from both the balance sheet and income statement, and relate these to shareholder value. This is a great analysis for non-financial professionals to master.
More: http://archive.webpronews.com/enterprise/enterpriseonline/wpn-13-20040513GainingFinancialInsightswiththeROCETreePart1.html and an illustration here http://utwt.blogspot.ch/2010/03/sgx-listed-palm-oil-stocks-fy-2009_16.html
Complexity: Medium
27-Cost structure comparison / Value chain analysis
When no information is available on the competitors' costs, this analysis provides a structured approach to identify and calculate differences. It is helpful when one has no access to the actual competitor cost information (which is always the case), and allows an alternative analysis method. As you can imagine, there are not many companies advertising about how they do the analysis. This is one of the most powerful analysis tools I know—it helps anticipate product margins, bidding prices and sustainability of pricing strategy.
More here: http://www.imanet.org/PDFs/Public/Research/SMA/Value%20Chain%20Analysis.pdf
Complexity: High
28-Monte Carlo simulation
Forecasting or predictive analytics can best be described as statistic modeling enabling prediction of future events or results, using present and past information and data.
More: http://www.palisade.com/risk/monte_carlo_simulation.asp and an example in financial reporting here: http://www.strategy-at-risk.com/2012/06/05/budgeting-revisited/Complexity: High
Competitor's Management Team Profiling
29-Myers Briggs' psychological profile* of competitor's management team
Used in alliances, acquisitions or for competitors, a powerful tool to understand leadership differences and anticipate reaction to industry events.
More: http://www.myersbriggs.org/
Complexity: Medium
30-Power Structure
This is a model to look at a company from the outside and understand who the decision makers and those in situation of power. This is an extremely useful analysis for any analyst supporting a proposal and bid team, or working with sales.
More: "Web-based Analysis for Competitive Intelligence" by Conor Vibert. An example here.
Complexity: Medium
Future Trends' Analysis
31-Alien Eye Analysis*
The futurist Edie Weiner suggests there might be only two kinds of intelligent life forms that do not suffer from educated incapacity: aliens from other planets and children. This analysis allows a management team to look at its existing company, products, and industry with a drastically new vision, allowing it to avoid blind spots. New realities emerge when looking at analysis with an unbiased view.
More: FutureThink http://www.amazon.com/FutureThink-Think-Clearly-Time-Change/dp/013185674X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1379070811&sr=8-1&keywords=futurethink
Complexity: Medium
32-Scenario Planning*
This analysis, spearheaded by Shell in the 1970s following the company's inability to forecast future oil prices, allows a company to look at possible futures, develop a system to flag events, and prepare alternative action plans. There is abundant literature on the subject, so the sources below are just a starting point.
More: by Harvard
An example at Shell .
The Monfleur Scenarios ( South Africa) http://www.gbn.com/articles/pdfs/gbn_montfleur%20scenarios.pdf
Amazing work done by the team at DPDHL on the future of the logistics industry.
Complexity: Medium
33-Trend mapping
I include here tools that help map large amounts of information to identify trends and patterns.
More: there are so many resources online, that choosing has been a challenge. I like the light tutorial on how to analyze trends in Excel , an example of three data visualisation tools about macro-economic data here and the list of visualization tools here.
Complexity: High
34-Assessing uncertainty
A McKinsey framework of four levels of uncertainty can be helpful to select the right set of strategic tools.
More: http://22.214.171.124/~stratey0/portfolio-view/framework-of-the-week-40-four-levels-of-uncertainty/
Complexity: Medium
35- Precursor analysis:
This term comes from the chemical industry and describes the analysis of weak signals that might have led to an incident. The same methodology has been used sparingly by competitive intelligence analysis to pre-empt competitors' moves: "In the aftermath of catastrophes, it is common to find prior indicators, missed signals, and dismissed alerts that, had they been recognized and appropriately..."
More: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11061
Complexity: High
Competitive Strategy Exploration
36-Blue Ocean Strategy*
When competition gets intense, companies need to break out of fierce bloody competition and create uncontested market spaces. This process helps identify untapped market opportunities.
More: http://www.blueoceanstrategy.com/
An app on Apple's itunes store.
Complexity: Medium
Source: Blue Ocean Strategy
37-Business Model Generation*
The excellent work by Alex Oesterwalder opens the door to companies that need to rethink their business model. It offers a practical step-by-step process to find new ways to create value and analyze a company's current model.
More: http://www.businessmodelgeneration.com/ or http://alexosterwalder.com/
Complexity: Medium
38-3-C framework
Together, the strategic three Cs form the marketing strategy triangle, matching between the Company, (current and potential strengths and weaknesses), Customers (served and not served), and Competitors (current and prospective) needs to be considered.
More: Duke's introduction is quite thorough.
Complexity: Medium
39-Three value disciplines
Treacy and Wiersema propose a set of three value disciplines similar to Porter's generic strategies. The three strategies are Operational Excellence, Customer Intimacy, and Product Leadership.
More: https://faculty.fuqua.duke.edu/~moorman/GeneralMills/Section2/Section2Documents/CustomerIntemacy.pdf
Complexity: Medium
40-Innovation Ambition Matrix
The Innovation Ambition Matrix is a variant of another 2×2 growth framework, comparing the axes of where to compete (existing vs. new markets) and how to compete (existing vs. new capabilities).
More: http://126.96.36.199/~stratey0/portfolio-view/framework-of-the-week-81-innovation-ambition-matrix/
Complexity: Medium
41-Strategic Blindspots*
One of the most difficult habits to develop in learning to drive a car is to beware of blind spots that area along the periphery of the car where we cannot see what's happening. Despite the rear-view and side mirrors, there remains an annoying small area where passing vehicles or pedestrians cannot be seen. If you neglect your blind spots when changing lanes or turning, you put yourself and your car in jeopardy. A strategic blind spot analysis will help you identify if your management team is prone to such blind spots, and how to correct this.
More: An article I wrote on these for the Institute of Internal Auditors: http://www.theiia.org/intAuditor/in-the-profession/2013/pay-attention-to-the-blind-spots/ . More here http://tejas.iimb.ac.in/articles/67.php
Complexity: High
42-Strategic Chessboard
AT Kearney proposes four distinct strategic approaches using these two dimensions—predictability and a company's ability to shape or adapt to its industry.
More: http://www.atkearney.com/paper/-/asset_publisher/dVxv4Hz2h8bS/content/playing-on-the-new-strategy-chessboard/10192
Complexity: Low
Predicting Competitors' Future Strategy
43-Porter's Four corners
The Four Corners Model to help organizations analyze their competitors' positions, and predict their future courses of action.
More: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/porters-four-corners-model.htm#sthash.GKpm8UTH.dpuf
Complexity: Low
44-ValuePerform analysis
The ValuePerform Analysis generates a set of spider webs showing:
- Importance: How well are your priorities aligned with your strategy?
- Perfomance: How well are you actually performing on the critical issues?
- Potential: Identification of those areas where you MUST improve to execute your strategy successfully?
More: http://www.tbkconsult.com/services/strategy-analysis/
Complexity: Low
45-War gaming
This is a process to anticipate competitors' likely moves by getting your executive team to play out various scenarios and responses as if they were the competitors themselves, responding to one of their strategic moves.
More: http://www.rolandberger.com/media/pdf/rb_press/RB_Wargamingneu_20080301.pdf
Complexity: High
46- Game theory
Often defined as "the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers," game theory can provide a path of analysis to anticipate a competitor's future moves. The approach involves distilling all possible analyses of a rival's response to a particular strategic move into a sequential consideration of three questions:
- Will the competitor react at all?
- What options will the competitor actively consider?
- Which option will the competitor most likely choose?
More: McKinsey (pdf)
Complexity: High


text:
Players fighting back...I know it's a crazy mob idea but who knows.
Convicted steroids dealer who gave names to NFL found dead
ESPN.com news services
Updated: June 5, 2008, 3:51 PM ET
PLANO, Texas -- A convicted steroids dealer who recently met with NFL security officials and gave them names of players he said bought steroids from him has been found dead in his home.
David Jacobs
AP Photo/Tony Gutierrez
David Jacobs, seen after pleading guilty to steroid charges in 2007, recently met with NFL officials -- and according to his lawyer, gave them the names of players who had received drugs he had made. He was found dead on Thursday.
Just after midnight on Thursday, Plano police made a welfare check and found 35-year-old David Jacobs and 30-year-old Amanda Jo Earhart-Savell dead. Both had been shot.
Officer Rick McDonald, a police spokesman, said the officers were making a welfare check after relatives of Earhart-Savell expressed concern about her whereabouts.
He said Plano detectives aren't releasing information about whether the deaths were a double homicide or a murder-suicide, whether a weapon was found near the bodies or any other details.
Jacobs was sentenced to three years probation and fined $25,000 on May 1 after pleading guilty last year in federal court in Dallas to conspiring to possess with intent to distribute anabolic steroids.
Men in ski masks and jackets marked "police" were seen entering the home late Thursday morning, according to the Dallas Morning News.
The newspaper reported it had spoken with Jacobs frequently and exchanged e-mails with him as recently as last weekend. Jacobs had sought to rebuild his nutritional supplement business, but he was experiencing financial problems and having trouble getting his old client base to work with him, according to the report.
On May 21, Jacobs met with NFL security officials in the Dallas area and gave them names of players he said bought steroids from him, according to Hank Hockeimer, his lawyer.
Hockeimer told the newspaper on Thursday he had not yet been briefed about the situation at Jacobs' house.
The league requested the meeting after Jacobs was sentenced to three years of probation on May 1 for a single count of conspiracy to distribute anabolic steroids. He had cooperated with federal authorities since his arrest last year.
"We offer our sympathy to the families of David Jacobs and Amanda Jo Earhart-Savell," the league said in a statement. "As we have previously confirmed, our security representatives interviewed David Jacobs on two occasions. We are reviewing the information to determine if there is documented evidence establishing any violations of our program and will follow up on any other information that is provided. It is premature to comment on any specific player at this time. Anyone found to have violated our policies will be subject to discipline, including suspension. We will continue to be responsive to any needs of law enforcement on this matter."
By his own account, Jacobs was a prolific salesman, moving 1,000 bottles of anabolic steroids a month and an equal number of growth hormone kits that he obtained illicitly from China.
Hockeimer had said that league officials seemed "genuinely interested" in what Jacobs had to say, as well as in canceled checks and e-mails that he provided.
Jacobs has publicly acknowledged that he dealt primarily with two NFL players and earlier identified one of them as offensive lineman Matt Lehr. Last month, Jacobs told the Dallas Morning News that Lehr purchased tens of thousands of dollars of steroids and growth hormone from the spring of 2006 to the spring of 2007. He also told the paper that Lehr agreed to have boxes of raw steroid powder from China shipped directly to his Georgia home.
Lehr served a four-game suspension while a member of the Atlanta Falcons in October 2006 after he tested positive for a banned substance. He spent last season with Tampa Bay and was acquired by the Saints in the offseason.
Lehr's attorney, Paul Coggins, has said the player hasn't used banned substances since he was suspended and has since passed NFL drug tests. The attorney has also said Jacobs' allegations are retaliation because Lehr wouldn't pay Jacobs' legal fees.
After his sentencing, Jacobs told The New York Times that he hoped to tell league officials about "loopholes in their program." He also said he'd advised about 10 players to use finasteride, a drug to treat balding, because it masks steroid use.
Information from Shaun Assael and The Associated Press was used in this report.


text:
If you're like millions of other American women, you own a pair of TOMS. And if you do, good for you!
TOMS was founded on a truly fabulous concept -- for every pair of TOMS shoes you buy, the company gives a new pair of shoes to a child in need. That alone makes a pair of TOMS worth the price. But I'll be honest -- initially, I thought women were buying them as a good deed ... sacrificing style in order to help provide shoes for the poor.
It turns out that I was wrong.
"Omigod, I just LOVE your TOMS!" I've been overhearing women squeal to each other more and more often lately. This wouldn't be all that surprising if these women were wearing clothing made of hemp and standing in an aisle at Whole Foods. However, from what I'm seeing, many of the latest TOMS fans are SUV-driving, meat-eating, Estee Lauder-wearing 'assisted blondes' -- the kind who probably think 'Vegan' is a celebrity baby name.
Yes, TOMS shoes have gone mainstream. They're, like, a thing. TOMS shoes have actually become *shudder* fashionable -- and to me, the fact that canvas man slippers are now considered to be stylish is an obvious sign of the End Times.
To me, TOMS are like Crocs with a conscience. And while I don't know very many moms who would agree to wear Crocs in public (although let it be known, I'm a HUGE fan of Crocs for kids), every woman's GOTTA have a pair of TOMS right now. And I'm betting that more than half of them don't even know or care about the company's background.
Understand I'm not ragging on you if you have a pair of TOMS. Seriously. Every woman I know has a pair of TOMS. I realize I'm in the minority here. I would just like to know WHY you love your TOMS. Do you really think they look great? Or are you just wearing them because they're comfortable and it's all for a good cause?
Image via TOMS