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The sound of 20 quadrillion calculations happening every second is dangerously loud. Anyone spending more than 15 minutes in the same room with the Titan supercomputer must wear earplugs or risk permanent hearing damage. The din in the room will not come from the computer's 40,000 whirring processors, but from the fans and water pipes cooling them. If the dull roar surrounding Titan were to fall silent, those tens of thousands of processors doing those thousands of trillions of calculations would melt right down into their racks.
Titan is expected to become the world's most powerful supercomputer when it comes fully online at the US Oak Ridge National Laboratory, near Tennessee, in late 2012 or early 2013. But on this afternoon in mid-October, Titan isn't technically Titan yet. It's still a less-powerful supercomputer called Jaguar, which the US Department of Energy (DoE) has operated and continuously upgraded since 2005. Supercomputing power is measured in Flops (floating point operations per second), and Jaguar was the first civilian supercomputer to break the "petaflop barrier" of one quadrillion operations per second (a quadrillion is a one followed by 15 zeroes). In June 2010 it was the fastest supercomputer on Earth.
But high-performance computing records don't last long: a Chinese machine pushed Jaguar into second place just six months later. Then in October 2011, the supercomputer design firm Cray announced that it would transform Jaguar into a new machine that could retake the number-one spot, with an estimated peak performance of 20 petaflops.
Cray's blue-jacketed technicians have been pacing up and down Jaguar's catacomb-like aisles for months, opening its 200 monolithic black cabinets and sliding out its processor blades like enormous safe-deposit boxes. Jaguar's brain surgery takes place on spartan worktables that wouldn't look out of place in a hobbyist's garage. A technician fits a paperback-sized ingot of metal and silicon into an empty space in the blade and fastens it into place with a battery-powered screwdriver. The ingot contains a graphics processing unit, or GPU. Cray has installed one of these GPUs alongside every one of Jaguar's 18,688 CPU chips. It's this "hybrid architecture" that will turn Jaguar into Titan, packing an order of magnitude more computing horsepower into the same amount of physical space.
GPU-accelerated supercomputers burst onto the world stage in 2010, when China's Tianhe-1A machine overtook Jaguar as the fastest supercomputer on earth. "It came out of nowhere," says Wu-chun Feng, a high-performance computing expert at Virginia Tech. "China didn't even have a high-performance computing program." Instead of relying solely on expensive, highly customized, multicore microprocessors, Tianhe-1A got a speed bump by using "off the shelf" GPUs made by Nvidia, whose chips power the displays of video-game consoles and consumer laptops. Titan takes the same approach using the same chip design that powers the ultra-high resolution Retina display on Apple's Macbook Pro. These intricate squares of silicon will provide 90% of Titan's peak supercomputing performance.
So, what do video-game graphics have in common with high-end scientific computing? Simulation. "About ten years ago, we observed that the chips we designed for gaming were starting to look more like general purpose processors for simulating physics," says Sumit Gupta, Nvidia's senior director of high performance GPU computing. "When you'd shoot a tree in a video game and it would fall, you'd want it to look natural, so the simulations became more and more complex."
At the same time, redrawing every pixel on an HD laptop screen 60 times per second also requires so-called parallel computation. "This is why GPUs are designed to run hundreds of calculations at the same time very efficiently," says Steve Scott, Tesla chief technology officer at Nvidia. "It turns out that this is very similar to the way high performance scientific computing is done, where you're simulating the climate, or the interactions between drug molecules, or the airflow over a wing."
But where video game physics only have to look real enough to a distracted teenager, supercomputer simulations have to be scientifically accurate down to the level of individual atoms - which is why Titan needs tens of thousands of GPUs all working together on the same problem, not to mention enough Random Access Memory (RAM) to hold the entire simulation in memory at once. (Titan has 710 terabytes of RAM, about as much as a stack of iPads 7km high.)
But supercomputers have been getting along without GPUs for decades. A CPU chip - the same general-purpose silicon "brain" inside your laptop, your smartphone, and every computer at Google or Facebook - can run high-performance scientific calculations, too, if you chain enough of them together. The current fastest supercomputer, IBM's "Sequoia" system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, contains over 98,000 CPUs, each with 18 cores.
What GPUs offer that CPUs can't is a blast of relatively cheap, energy-efficient horsepower. Scaling up the Jaguar supercomputer from 1.75 petaflops to 20 could have been done by adding more cabinets stuffed full of CPUs. But those take up space, and more importantly, suck up power. Off-the-shelf GPUs, meanwhile, aren't designed to act self-sufficiently like normal chips - they're add-ons "that accelerate a CPU like a turbo engine," says Gupta - so they consume much less energy than a CPU would to do the same amount of calculating. By bolting a GPU onto each one of the 18,688 AMD Opteron CPU chips already in Jaguar, the DoE was able to create a next-generation supercomputer without scrapping the one they already had - or blowing up their electric bill.
Bigger is better
The new machine, like any supercomputer, is all about speed: "time to solution," as Jack Wells, director of science for Oak Ridge's computing facility, puts it. "It's about solving problems that are so important that you can't wait," he says. "If you can afford to wait, you're not doing supercomputing." Competition among research projects for "core hours" on Titan is intense. Of the 79 new-project proposals received by Oak Ridge's selection panel, only 19 will run on Titan in 2013.
Winning proposals will apply Titan's computational might to problems in areas such as astrophysics (simulating Type-1A supernovae and core collapses), biology (modeling human skin and blood flow at a molecular level), earth science (global climate simulations and seismic hazard analysis of the San Andreas fault in California), and chemistry (optimizing biofuels and engine combustion turbulence). According to Buddy Bland, project director of the Oak Ridge computing facility, Titan will typically run four or five of these supercomputing "jobs" at once.
But some jobs are so complex that they'll take over Titan entirely. The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, for example, will use all of Titan's computing cores to help design components for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (Iter), a prototype nuclear fusion project in France. "Their goal is to have this reactor online by 2017," Bland says. "It'll use magnetic fields to circulate plasma through a big donut-shaped reactor at 100 million degrees Fahrenheit. How do you contain that kind of energy? That's what they need Titan to help them figure out."
As fast as Titan is, these simulations can still take days, weeks, or even months to complete. And the very idea of "fast" has a different meaning to computational scientists than it does to users of consumer apps like Photoshop or Final Cut Pro. "It's not so much about running our applications and calculations faster - we want to run them bigger," says Tom Evans, a scientist at Oak Ridge who uses the supercomputer to model nuclear reactor systems. "Maybe that means adding four times more spatial resolution in our simulations, or replacing approximations with more accurate physics. Of course we always like to go faster. But it's less interesting to do the same science faster than it is to do something new that you couldn't even do before."
In other words, bigger is better - and not just for the scientific bragging rights. Having a top-ranked supercomputer on American soil "demonstrates global competitiveness and attracts brainpower," says Jack Wells. Take Jeremy Smith, director of Oak Ridge's Center for Molecular Biophysics, who used to work at the University of Heidelberg in Germany. "I found out that Oak Ridge would have this nice toy to play with," he says, "so I nipped across the pond." (Smith's research on biofuels began on Jaguar and will continue on Titan.)
Power play
Many of the smart people that Titan attracts will use the supercomputer to chart the future of supercomputing itself. So-called petascale machines like Titan and Sequoia can accomplish amazing feats of simulation, like screening millions of potential drug compounds against a target molecule in a single day. But researchers like Jeremy Smith want to do even more.
They envisage an "exascale" computer - a thousand times more powerful than Titan and able to do one quintillion calculations per second (a quintillion is a one with 18 zeroes after it). A machine like this "would have enough computing power to screen tens of millions of drug compounds against all known living protein classes," Smith says. "That means we'll be able to predict if the drug will work and what all the side effects will be - not only generically, but for individual people, based on their own genetic sequences. This is amazing potential."
The trouble with building an exascale machine, however, is the amount of energy required to get there. "If we just scaled up what we're doing today, it would take a couple of nuclear power plants to power," says Buddy Bland. But Wu Feng, who curates an annual list of the world's most energy-efficient supercomputers, is less pessimistic. "The trends indicate that we'll be able to get to the exascale for 50 megawatts," he says. That's about half as much power as Apple and Google's data centers in North Carolina are estimated to use.
But government-funded scientific institutions don't have tech companies' bottomless bank accounts. The DoE wants an exascale computer by 2020 that can run on 20 megawatts of electricity or less. Reaching that goal will require entirely new chip designs that draw even less power than the GPU-accelerated systems like Titan do.
Mobile devices, most of which use chip designs from the UK firm Arm, could offer a way forward. "You've probably noticed that when you put a smartphone in your pocket it doesn't burn through your pants," says Jack Wells. "The same design principle is going to be used in high-performance computing to get to the exascale." Jack Dongarra, a computer scientist at the University of Tennessee whose Top500 list ranks the world's fastest supercomputers, ran benchmarking software on an iPad 2 and found that the tablet was equivalent to some of the fastest supercomputers of the mid-1990s. "That's incredible computing power in your hand," he says. "The Arm processor is clearly capable."
Still, simply lashing together thousands of low-power processors - whether they come from smartphones, gaming consoles, or laptops - does not a supercomputer make. Passing data between all those chips creates bandwidth bottlenecks that limit the total speed of the system. "It's like having two hemispheres of your brain on opposite sides of the room connected by a wire," says Feng. An exascale computer will have to speed up its entire internal network - perhaps by using fibre optic connections between racks of chips, accelerators on every piece of silicon, or both.
Meanwhile, says Buddy Bland, jockeying for the title of "world's fastest supercomputer" will continue, and no single interconnect design or chip architecture is "best." "Whoever has the biggest budget is likely to be in the top spot," he says wryly. "But a healthy diversity in architectures is a wonderful thing because certain applications can run well on one, and others well on another."
What's indisputable is that supercomputing has become the "third pillar" of doing science, alongside theory and experimentation. The best way to grasp the power of Titan, says Bronson Messer, a computational astrophysicist at Oak Ridge, is not to compare it to a Formula 1 racing car or a turbocharged engine, but to the Large Hadron Collider. "Titan is like the particle accelerator, and the simulations and applications that we run on Titan are like the detectors that discovered the Higgs boson," Messer says. "The size or power of these machines isn't what pushes science forward. It's the people using them, who know what to look for."
If you would like to comment on this article or anything else you have seen on Future, head over to our Facebook page or message us on Twitter.


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Watch Dogs will run at 30FPS on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, creative director Jonathan Morin has told VideoGamer.com.
"Right now the frame rate we're focussing on [is] a steady 30[FPS]," said Morin speaking to us at Eurogamer Expo this afternoon. "There's always a balance, especially for open world, between the simulation and the rest.
"I think for where we are, the most important thing is the steadiness and [ensuring] that it's always capped the same so when you play it it feels right."
Despite confirming the frame rate, though, Morin could not confirm the game's native resolution on next-gen platforms, claiming that he didn't know whether the game would run at 720p or 1080p.
Watch Dogs launches on Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U, PC & Xbox One on November 22. A PlayStation 4 version is due to follow on November 29.

subset: commoncrawl


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The first thing you'll notice about the Orange County Museum of Art's newest exhibition is the 28-foot-tall sculpture of a black puppy "relieving himself" on the exterior wall of the museum.
The dog lifts its right hind leg up, and yellow paint splotches the side of the building, just where you would expect it to.
"Bad Dog" (2013) is not a joke. Nor is it an insult to the museum. It's a giant sculpture and a painting machine by Los Angeles artist Richard Jackson, who is having his first comprehensive retrospective to date at the Newport Beach museum. "Ain't Painting a Pain," which takes up the entire exhibition space of OCMA, runs through May 5.
Jackson, a descendant of President Andrew Jackson, reveals an irreverent, humorous and occasionally obsessive attitude in most of his works. The Sacramento-born artist, who was trained as an engineer, combines "action" painting with installation and performance on a large scale. His artworks often take up entire rooms, and the OCMA exhibit – curated by museum director Dennis Szakacs – includes 11 room-scale installations from 1970 to 2011.
Jackson is considered one of the more radical U.S. artists of the past 40 years, primarily because of what he does with paint. He flings paint, he shoots it in pellet guns, he shoots it out of model deer rears, he smears it on gallery walls, using the canvas as a brush.
Sometimes Jackson's experiments are a little weird and out there; sometimes, they tread on the territory of brilliance.
Since the 1990s, Jackson has used painting machines, or mechanized contraptions that do the painting for him. The OCMA show opens with one of these machines, "Painting with Two Balls" (1997), in its main hall. The humongous installation consists of a Ford Pinto on its side, metal, wood, canvas and acrylic paint.
Jackson, inspired by Jasper Johns' "Painting with Two Balls" (1960), appears to have installed some kind of mechanism inside or just outside the car that shoots paint in various directions. The Pinto and two large balls made of canvas are the recipients of much of the paint, although one can see splatters of paint on a nearby canvas, on a pair of museum columns and on a rear wall. This is just a taste of what Jackson's been up to lately.
Inside the introductory galleries, Jackson has taken numerous canvases, covered them with acrylic paint, then smeared them on the gallery walls. But there's method to the madness – he rotates them in a circular pattern, so the smears look like rainbows or half-circles.
Jackson relies on the paint to act like an adhesive, leaving the canvases with their faces pressed against the walls. It's an unconventional way of painting, and temporary – these works are taken down and destroyed after the exhibits are over.
Nearby, four neon signs, each with the letters "painting," spell out the title of the exhibition, "Ain't Painting a Pain." Specific letters remain unlit so the viewer can see the show's name illuminated in red, blue, yellow and white light.
More than 100 drawings in adjacent galleries illustrate that Jackson's paintings and installations do not happen by accident. He plans each work meticulously, drawing out the various possible outcomes and charting out measurements in fine detail. Many of these drawings look like blueprints, informed by Jackson's backgrounds in engineering and architecture.
"5050 Stacked Paintings" (1980-2013) is literally that – 5,050 paintings stacked upside down, in piles that range exactly from 1 to 100. The installation takes up more than half a gallery, with drawings and models occupying the remaining space.
Each component is an individual acrylic painting, though the viewer cannot see the work on canvas because the faces are upside down. "5050 Stacked Paintings" is a work of determination, grit and lunacy. It's no wonder that the artist took 33 years to complete it.
A highlight of "Ain't Painting a Pain" is a 20-by-20-foot, room-sized installation titled "Reconstruction of Untitled (Maze for Eugenia Butler Gallery, Los Angeles)" (2013). Jackson has created a passage built of 9-foot wood walls that the viewer can walk through. He has covered the walls (and floor) with colorful acrylic paint, and dragged a wet canvas through the maze to create textures and patterns on the walls.
Walking through this structure is a trip. One can see up close the streaks, blotches, spines, drips, Rorschachs and layers created by Jackson's artistic process. "Reconstruction" gives the viewer the sensation of walking in, or living inside, a painting, and that's a rare feat. The conclusion to this piece, a room within a room, provides a sense of open space and relief.
In another large gallery, "Deer Beer" (1998) features a rotating collective of model deer in the center. The gallery walls are covered with precisely spaced splotches of paint, and other artworks – many of them deer, bear or game-related – are strategically placed on the walls like targets. Some of the wall works are spinning; others remain stationary.
What the viewer sees is the end result of one of Jackson's hunting-inspired machine experiments. The artist shot pellets of paint from each deer, mainly from their behinds. Entering this work is like stumbling upon a crime scene, only this one is like a multi-colored carnival. The only things missing are the popcorn and hotdogs.
While painting and drawing appear to be Jackson's main modes of expression, he has also tried something different. In this exhibition, he has installed "1000 Clocks" (1987-1992), a room of – you got it – 1,000 handmade clocks that are all synchronized with each other.
The clocks cover the walls and the ceiling, and their wiring and mechanics are exposed on the chamber's exterior. Walking through fluorescent passageways to enter the room is somewhat eerie; however, the room itself is a clean, serene space. The noise that the clocks emit when the minute hand moves might surprise some and can be downright spooky, especially when there's no one else around.
"Ain't Painting a Pain" concludes with a series of contemporary tributes to classic works of art by Jacques-Louis David, Edgar Degas, Marcel Duchamp, Jasper Johns, Pablo Picasso and Georges Seurat.
Jackson has re-created David's famous painting, "The Death of Marat" (1793), turning it into a three-dimensional, life-size installation. Jean-Paul Marat, a journalist and French revolutionary, is bathed in red, and an Apple laptop sits in front of him. A knife and a pool of blood lie on the ground, and the entire room is illuminated with red lights. It's a slightly freaky scene, but it's aesthetically rendered, and thus, strangely pleasing.
"La Grande Jatte (after Georges Seurat)" is an unfinished work begun in 1992. Jackson pays tribute to Seurat's 1884-86 pointillist masterpiece by dipping pellets into paint and firing them from a pellet rifle at the canvas. Jackson has riddled the canvas with 90,000 shots, but it's still only 10 percent complete. The work is astonishing both in its ambition and its conception, although it probably will never be finished. The artist is 73, after all.
A text panel situated among this series states that this effort is "one of the most sustained and rigorous investigations of art history in all of contemporary art." That's a bold claim. Though I can't think of many artists who are exploring other canonic artists on such a scale, Richard Pettibone, Elaine Sturtevant and Yasumasa Morimura do come to mind.
Nonetheless, "Ain't Painting a Pain" is an impressive collection of works by an artist who has been under-appreciated during his career. Jackson has said he wants his art to be more about the experience than the object, and on that level, he succeeds with, literally, flying colors.
This retrospective is playful, inventive, energetic and a bit crazed. It's an art experience that should not be missed.
Contact the writer: 714-796-6026 or email@example.com


text:
Against Monopoly
defending the right to innovate
Pharmaceutical Patents
Monopoly corrupts. Absolute monopoly corrupts absolutely.
Center for the Study of Innovative Freedom
Recording Industry vs. The People
Copyright Notice: We don't think much of copyright, so you can do what you want with the content on this blog. Of course we are hungry for publicity, so we would be pleased if you avoided plagiarism and gave us credit for what we have written. We encourage you not to impose copyright restrictions on your "derivative" works, but we won't try to stop you. For the legally or statist minded, you can consider yourself subject to a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Killing people with patents
Michele and I have long pointed out the human cost of pharmaceutical patents during the AIDS crisis in Africa (and were hardly the first to do so). Via Andy Neumeyer a new film documenting just how bad it was. Trailer here
[Posted at 05/16/2015 12:18 AM by David K. Levine on Pharmaceutical Patents comments(2)]
Patents and Secrecy
It is commonly thought that patents are good because people reveal secrets rather than keeping them. But they keep secrets about intermediate results so that they can be first to patent. Via Pedro Dal Bo a remarkable video about what happens when pharmaceutical discoveries aren't kept secret. It's a bit ironic that people think that for pharmaceuticals patents are the only answer.
[Posted at 10/12/2012 06:54 AM by David K. Levine on Pharmaceutical Patents comments(1)]
Patents finance illegal drug company payoffs to doctors and worse
Dean Baker takes issue with a Washington Post story link here on doctors shilling for drugs and drug companies paying them big money to push greater use of their drug including for uses prohibited by FDA link here.
The Post article is a routine description ("fair and balanced" as the big papers like to claim) leading to the fact that the doctors are well-paid for what amounts to treating patients while never seeing them. In some cases they push uses that are criminal, as when they recommend or prescribe a drug for unapproved use.
Baker's problem with the Post piece is its failure to recognize the central role of drug patents in this business. Without the patent, the drugcos couldn't charge the prices that make the big marketing payoffs and their huge profits possible.
Baker fails to note that this might just have something to do with the high cost of health care in the US (highest in the world) or the funding to pay campaign funds to crucial legislators to leave the system unfixed.
[Posted at 09/19/2011 09:31 AM by John Bennett on Pharmaceutical Patents comments(2)]
Drug prices to plummet in wave of expiring patents
Funny how that works, isn't it?
The cost of prescription medicines used by millions of people every day is about to plummet.
Read more:
[Posted at 07/25/2011 06:19 AM by Justin Levine on Pharmaceutical Patents comments(0)]
Against Monopoly
A paper Peter J. Huckfeldt and Christopher R. Knittel examining generic entry. Not a great advertisement for patents:
We study the effects of generic entry on prices and utilization using both event study models that exploit the differential timing of generic entry across drug molecules and cast studies. Our analysis examines drugs treating hypertension, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and depression using price and utilization data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We find that utilization of drug molecules starts decreasing in the two years prior to generic entry and continues to decrease in the years following generic entry, despite decreases in prices offered by generic versions of a drug. This decrease coincides with the market entry and increased utilization of branded reformulations of a drug going off patent. We show case study evidence that utilization patterns coincide with changes in marketing by branded drug manufacturers. While the reformulations---often extended-release versions of the patent-expiring drug---offer potential health benefits, the FDA does not require evidence that the reformulations are improvements over the previous drug in order to grant a patent. Indeed, in a number of experiments comparing the efficacies of the patent-expiring and reformulated drugs do not find statistical differences in health outcomes calling into question the patent-extension policy.
[Posted at 05/18/2011 04:37 AM by David K. Levine on Pharmaceutical Patents comments(3)]
Kauffman Bloggers Forum lectures on drug patents
Felix Salmon alerts us to two Kauffman Bloggers Forum lectures with short online video-lectures on drug patents link here.
Salmon writes, "Two highlights of the Kauffman Bloggers Forum were the presentations on the broken nature of the pharmaceuticals market. And they came from opposite ends of the left-right spectrum: Megan McArdle went first, followed by Dean Baker."
Worth watching.
[Posted at 04/03/2011 05:53 PM by John Bennett on Pharmaceutical Patents comments(0)]
Where would we be without them?
John Fountain sent me an email about the first antibiotics, the sulfa drugs. I will quote (slightly edited) what he said:
I found an fascinating example of the way in which competition based on an old (1909) but expired (by 1930's) patent on a sulfanimide used in the dye industry ushered in in the antibiotic revolution in the mid 1930's.
The basics are contained in a wikipedia article.
The interesting facts are that the commercially developed chemical entity (Bayer I think) called Prontosil, for which patents were granted in the 30's, proved to be a flop commercially...because in the human body it broke down into bits and pieces. One piece - the "sulfa" - was the real "active ingredient. I like the authors description here "The result was a sulfa craze"! I guess at that time - 1930's - chemicals naturally occuring in the body weren't themselves patentable!!
[Posted at 03/30/2011 02:10 AM by David K. Levine on Pharmaceutical Patents comments(0)]
What about patents?
No doubt the FDA has a lot to answer for with respect to the slowdown in medical innovation. It's funny though: if we got rid of the FDA then we could get rid of patents as well - imagine a pharmaceutical industry that innovated like the computer industry.
[Posted at 03/10/2011 05:53 AM by David K. Levine on Pharmaceutical Patents comments(3)]
When the government confers monopoly rights to drug companies
The BBC reports about a drug that was available cheaply, got tweaked in a minor way and now available only in a much more expensive format. While the story is not about patenting, it is very similar to it as it is about licensing a drug, in this case for use in the UK, and excluding the old, yet still perfectly effective, drug from use. This is exactly what a patent does, and there are countless examples of pharmaceutical companies doing exactly these very marginal improvements to extract major rents from sick people.
[Posted at 11/21/2010 02:14 PM by Christian Zimmermann on Pharmaceutical Patents comments(6)]
The FDA
I've argued in the past that we should both get rid of patents and the FDA. Without the FDA, the problem of having to reveal the secret of a new product in order to get approval is gone. And the FDA does more harm than good anyway. This would seem to confirm that. It's hard to imagine that any benefit from their having kept unsafe drugs off the market will justify their preventing the development of new antibiotics in the face of increasing bacterial resistance. In this case the road to hell may literally be paved with good intentions.
[Posted at 09/29/2010 06:08 AM by David K. Levine on Pharmaceutical Patents comments(12)]
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The right to rub smooth using a hardened steel tool with ridges Finally got around to looking at the comments, sorry for delay... Replying to Stephan: I'm sorry
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Let's See: Pallas, Pan, Patents, Persephone, Perses, Poseidon, Prometheus... Seems like a kinda bizarre proposal to me. We just need to abolish the patent system, not replace
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The right to rub smooth using a hardened steel tool with ridges I'm a bit confused by this--even if "hired to invent" went away, that would just change the default
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The Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) is seeking pre-proposals for its Unsolicited Research Program for research that will advance knowledge and understanding in water quality that could transform how WERF subscribers perform their business.
WERF will also consider proposals that would take existing research to the next level of completion, resulting in practical solutions to water quality problems.
"This is the second year of our revitalized unsolicited research program," said director of research Dan Woltering. "It is a key component of WERF's overall research effort and a tangible commitment to future science and technology advances."
Proposals in all relevant wastewater and water quality areas are welcome. WERF currently has research under way on the following topics: wastewater treatment and reuse; solids treatment and reuse; infrastructure management; operations optimization including energy efficiency; storm water; decentralized collection and treatment systems; risk assessment and communication; and watershed management and water quality.
WERF has up to $600,000 (in total) for unsolicited research under this call for pre-proposals and will allocate these funds in a manner that proposed research outcomes will benefit WERF Subscribers to the maximum extent possible. All pre-proposals are due in WERF's offices by 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on July 20, 2007.


text: Since 2008, Stanley has been the Webinar Coordinator for Infopeople. The year before, he retired after working 23 years at the Cerritos Library, Cerritos, California, in a variety of positions, including Head of Children's Services, Public Services Librarian, and Administrative Services Manager. Before joining the Cerritos staff he was Children's Librarian and Reference Librarian at the Ontario (CA) Library.As a member of the four-person Cerritos Library Expansion Planning Team his major responsibility included analyzing, designing and implementing all services for the "library of the future," which opened in March 2002.At Cerritos he created a special collection of artists' books, The Art of the Book: the Book as Art, eventually growing to over 200 works. His involvement with the collection sparked an interest in making his own artists' books, and in 2007 he founded Burning Bridges Press (http://www.burningbridgespress.com). In 2009, as Curator Emeritus, he served as the sole juror for the 7th Biennial Artists Books Juried Exhibition sponsored by The Anthenaeum in La Jolla. He is a member of the San Diego Book Arts Group, the Santa Fe Book Arts Group, and the Guild of Book Workers.Stanley has created a special one-of-a-kind artists' book, Ray Bradbury's Something Wicked This Way Comes, for the Silent Auction at the CLA 2013 Annual Conference.


text:
Ok, I know absoloutely NOTHING about programming, don't know any languages of programmign etc. Now i'm only 14 and would like to learn C++. Mainly because to my knowledge it will allow me (hopefully/eventually) to program games and programs for Windows. I already have a compiler and have read a 'beginner' tutorial/intro off of this site and I am baffled. I don't understand how it works and am not too sure where to start learning. So can you guys and girls give me some advice? I saw a book on the internet named ' C++ for dummies' and was wondering if that'd be any good to learn from scratch? What do you think?
Also using C++ would I be able to make things like:
- A 3d 'Gladiator' Game.
- A online poker game, like Poker Room.
- A instant messager, like MSN.
- A 'Paint' program like MS Paint
These are just examples, assuming I had the 'knowledge', would I be able to make programs like them?
Also, with C++ do you have to either learn to code programs or games? Would it be too complicated to learn both? Or do they involve the same things generally?
One last question - Putting in 30-60 minutes a day of learning how long would it take for me to be 'fluent' in C++ and allow me to progam a fairly complex program, e.g a instant messenger?
Thanks for taking the time for reading this, i'm sorry for blabbing on but I'm a newbie seeking advice! HEHE


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- Tailgating: 8 Tips for Surviving the Football Season
- Workouts For Grown-Ups and Kids
- 10 Healthy Snacks for Couch Time
- INSANITY® on "Deal or Dud"
- Recipe: Yolkless Deviled Eggs
Tailgating: 8 Tips for Surviving the Football SeasonBy Stephanie S. Saunders
Are you ready for some football? Sure ya are! As the new season kicks off, we're all rooting for our favorite team to make it to the Super Bowl®, or the Rose Bowl®, or the Whatever Bowl. But in truth, my fellow Americans, the celebration isn't all about the sport. It's about the pigskin, but it's also about the potato skins. It's about the Heisman®, but it's also about the Heineken®. In other words, it's about tailgating. Is there anything more glorious than perching on the bumper of your Explorer®, hot dog in one hand, cold beer in the other, telling everyone in earshot about the trail of destruction your team is about to make across the Pac-10? Well, that's great and all, but where your fitness goals are concerned, tailgating leaves a little to be desired. So how do we capture all the fun of tailgating without destroying all the progress we've made during our hours of sweat? Let's do some preparation for the game ahead.
- Work out first
A brand new study by a team of Brazilian researchers (Public Library of Science, August 2010) concluded that exercise actually modulates feelings of fullness in the brain, causing us to reduce our intake of food. In other words, when you work out, you actually eat less. Which is good, because you don't want to spend an hour and a half working out in the morning and then destroy it all with cravings for fried food and alcohol. Now that you're doing P90X® 6 days a week, you're a more efficient machine, and you'll have fewer cravings. So before you hang out in that jersey that hides your six-pack, make sure your six-pack is intact and get a good workout in before the party. Working out will help reduce your cravings and decrease your appetite. (Besides, it's pretty unlikely you'll feel like working out after the game.)
- Don't go hungry
Popular wisdom says you should never go grocery shopping while hungry. The same rings true for attending any kind of party. The worst thing you can do to your nutrition plan is wait until you're starving, then descend upon an endless supply of low-quality carbs and not-so-lean meats. It'll be 45 minutes before you realize you're no longer hungry, and you've just consumed your weight in cheese curls. Eat a clean, high-quality meal before you arrive at the gathering. You'll eat less garbage and you'll probably be a lot more pleasant to be around as well.
- Veggie it up
I know, I know, you don't want to be that guy, but if you're going to bring anything to the party, your first choice should be a veggie platter. Not only can you save yourself from tomorrow's food hangover, you might actually do your body some good. Bite-sized pieces of broccoli, carrots, celery, bell peppers, cauliflower, and snap peas are all inexpensive, low in calories, and full of vitamins. Create a low-fat dip to accompany them, and you might just trump the team's QB as MVP. Just use any onion or ranch dip recipe, with nonfat yogurt, nonfat sour cream, or nonfat cream cheese as the base.
Also, try the 5-to-1 veggie trick: for every five bites of veggies you consume, you're allowed one full-fat snack bite. You'll end up having to chew so much for that one morsel of evil, it won't really be worth it.
- Feeling fruity
Another great thing to bring tailgating is a fruit platter or fruit salad. Yes, I realize fruit has a lot more sugar in it than veggies do. But fruit is a lot lower in calories than potato salad, it's loaded with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, and most people like it a lot. What's more, it's high in fiber, so you'll stay fuller longer. Fruit skewers are a big crowd-pleaser, and counting the empty sticks will show you how much you're actually eating. Aim for watermelon, cantaloupe, grapes, strawberries, apples, oranges, peaches, and nectarines.
- Pass (on) the suds
This is the section everyone's going to want to skip, but reading on will only work to your advantage. We all enjoy an adult beverage now and again. There's nothing more refreshing than a cold beer when you're sitting in the hot sun. But, people, they call it a "beer gut" for a reason. The empty calories in beer have accounted for more spare tires than the Michelin® Man. But since most people can't or won't abstain, try switching to light beer. Sure, some taste like flavored water, but there are a few low-calorie versions out there that are actually pretty good, especially if you squeeze a little (or a lot) of lime into them. Or try a cocktail made with a low-calorie mixer, or one that mixes a splash of fruit juice with soda water and either an ounce of your favorite liquor or a few ounces of white wine.
1 cup of light limeade, 1 ounce of tequila, and 1 ounce of orange liqueur blended with ice is roughly 100 calories—and really tasty. Crystal Light® and vodka make for some pretty yummy low-cal drinks, and will still be under a hundred calories. And remember that both white wine and champagne come in at about 100 calories a glass. Remember, a couple of drinks in an afternoon is fine, but if you're putting so much away that the dude in the body paint starts to look, well . . . sexy, it's time to cut yourself off.
- Get your hand out of the bag
When you're running late on game day, the path of least resistance is to run into a 7-Eleven® and grab a few bags of chips and maybe some dip. Everyone loves 'em, right? Well, your waistline doesn't. You can easily consume a couple of meals' worth of calories by shoving your hand into a bag a few times. So plan ahead a tiny bit and replace those greasy potato chips, corn chips, and cheese curls with baked tortilla chips and salsa, seasoned air-popped popcorn, multigrain pretzels, and mini–rice cakes. You'll still get a ton of crunch and flavor, without consuming 13 grams of fat per handful.
If you want to add a dip, try this low-fat/high-protein guacamole recipe: Take a 16-ounce container of plain nonfat Greek yogurt, 1 peeled, pitted, and coarsely chopped large avocado, 4 tablespoons of chopped fresh cilantro, 2 teaspoons of minced jalape�o, and 1 small minced clove of garlic. Throw them into a food processor and blend until smooth. Chill before serving.
- Main course, to stay on course
Most experienced tailgaters include a barbeque in the festivities. You can smell charcoal and propane for miles around any stadium on any given Sunday. And with the right food choices, a barbeque is a healthy way to prepare good sources of lean protein. Unfortunately, it's a lot easier to throw hot dogs on the grill. Look, if you wanted easy, you would have called for liposuction and never started INSANITY in the first place. So forget the path of least resistance (and all those hot dog nitrates) and try a main course that'll keep you on course.
Replace a beef or pork hot dog with a turkey or tofu dog, a 20-percent fat beef burger with a 99-percent lean beef one (or a chicken, turkey, or veggie burger), or a fatty pork sausage with the low-fat chicken variety. Place any of these on a multigrain roll, or stuff them in a pita pocket. Try a low-fat grilled chicken breast instead of those messy, fatty ribs. Skewer up some veggies for a tasty low-calorie main dish. Little pizzas made with prebaked crusts, tomato sauce, low-fat cheese, and veggies grill up brilliantly on a barbeque. You can make ground-turkey-and-three-bean chili in advance in a Crock-Pot® and warm it up on the grill. Just a little forethought and some lean meat choices can make a huge difference.
- Just desserts
Most of the time, dessert at a tailgate party comes in the form of beer, with an occasional Oreo® thrown in. No one puts a lot of thought into making desserts for one of these events, and they put even less thought into how many cookies or brownies they're shoving in their mouth. Instead of satisfying your sweet tooth with enough calories to fuel a defensive lineman, try replacing those high-calorie desserts with one of these ideas.
Grill pineapple slices or spears for 1 minute on each side, baste with dark rum, grill for 1 more minute, and serve warm with mint sprigs. Make low-fat banana bread by replacing the butter or oil in the traditional recipe with applesauce. Buy a premade angel food cake, slice, and serve with fresh strawberries and either light Cool Whip® or one-third whipped cream with two-thirds drained plain nonfat yogurt folded in. In advance, bake apples stuffed with dried fruit and honey in a pan of apple juice, then heat up later on the barbeque. Make a low-fat batch of oatmeal cookies with whole-wheat flour and vegetable oil. There are lots of sweet options out there that can also be sweet to the size of your gut.
Football season is long, especially if you're a Buffalo Bills fan. In those 17 weeks, you could do a considerable amount of damage . . . or you could have the body of your dreams. Since the NFL rules the airwaves for roughly 5 weeks longer than it takes to do P90X, it's well worth it to put a little effort into your tailgating choices. And although your friends might give you a hard time, consider how their faces will look at the end of week 15, when you have a rock-hard six-pack, and they have more of a keg. Yeah, it's worth it.
Related Articles
"29 Tips for Keeping Portions Under Control"
"The 5 Best and 5 Worst Cocktails"
"How to Party Like a Rock Star (the Beachbody® Way)"
Questions about your workout program, diet, the latest newsletter, or anything wellness related? Chat with Steve Edwards, the overseer of Beachbody's fitness and diet development (who also serves as your Fitness Advisor on the Message Boards), in the Beachbody Chat Room on Monday, September 27, at 3:00 PM ET, 12:00 PM PT.
If you'd like to ask a question or comment on this newsletter article, click here to add a comment in the newsletter review section or you can email us at email@example.com.
Check out our Fitness Advisor's responses to your comments in Steve Edwards' Mailbag on the Message Boards. If you'd like to receive Steve Edwards' Mailbag by email, click here to subscribe to Steve's Health and Fitness Newsletter. And if you'd like to know more about Steve's views on fitness, nutrition, and outdoor sports, read his blog, The Straight Dope.
10 Healthy Snacks for Couch TimeBy Joe Wilkes
Fall is upon us, which means that the new TV season has begun, baseball is heading into the postseason, and football is starting up. The weather's getting cooler, and the couch will soon call for you to lie down on it with a warm blanket. Now, keep in mind we're not encouraging any couch potato behavior. We'd prefer you pop in a P90X® video and use the couch as a towel rack. But we're all human, and it's almost impossible to resist the siren song of a playoff game or the return of Glee or Dancing with the Stars. Just because you're taking a couple of hours off to flatten both your gluteal muscles and your sofa cushions doesn't mean you have to stuff yourself with chips, cookies, or other bagged diet-killers. Here are 10 tasty and healthy snacks that are great for TV downtime.
- Popcorn. It's not just for the movie theater anymore. In fact, you're better off skipping it at the movie theater, because a bucket of oil-popped movie theater popcorn can contain as much fat as three to five double cheeseburgers. But air-popped popcorn is a pretty benign treat. Three cups of popcorn have just 93 calories and 1.5 grams of fat. Air-popped popcorn doesn't have much nutritive value outside of the energy you may get from the calories and some dietary fiber, but it can satisfy your munchies without getting you too far off the diet path. The best popcorn comes from your own hot-air popper—and with no additional fat or salt, unless you add it later. If you're going for microwave convenience, make sure you read the label carefully. Even some of the "healthy" brands contain a fair amount of fat and salt. And many microwave brands contain perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which has been linked to cancer. You might be better off making your own microwave popcorn. Just put 1/4 cup of popcorn into a brown lunch bag, fold the top over tightly, and microwave at your usual popcorn setting. Try to avoid salt and butter. Instead, enjoy your favorite herbs or a squeeze of lemon juice with some garlic powder or cayenne pepper.
- Bean dip. Beans are a great source of protein and fiber, and they don't have tons of calories. One cup of canned pintos only has 206 calories; it also has 12 grams of protein and 11 grams of fiber—almost half of your recommended daily allowance. And beans are incredibly filling. Even prepackaged bean dips are pretty decent (of course, always check the label for the fat and sodium contents). You can make your own dips, hot or cold, by food-processing canned black or pinto beans (my favorites are the ones canned with jalape�os) and adding water to create your desired consistency. You can also use fat-free refried beans. You could add some chopped bell or jalape�o peppers, green onions, or canned corn to add a crunchy texture, or some chopped tomatoes for a little extra flavor and vitamins. Instead of fatty fried tortilla chips, use baked chips or better yet, some crunchy raw veggies like carrots, celery, sliced bell peppers, broccoli, or cauliflower.
- Salsa. This is the perfect mix of tomatoes, onions, and peppers—all members of the top tier of Michi's Ladder. And the great thing is that salsa is so low in calories and so high in fiber, you can basically eat it by the cupful and not gain weight. If you buy it at the store though, watch out for the salt content—that's the secret ingredient in most canned and jarred salsas. You're much better off making your own pico de gallo: Just dice tomatoes and onions and mix with as much minced jalape�o and/or garlic as you can stand. Add fresh cilantro, and salt and pepper to taste and toss the veggies in the juice of two limes. Let it sit in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes before serving. You can eat it with baked chips or the crunchy veggies that also go great with the bean dip. The salsa and the bean dip also complement each other well, for the double dippers among us.
- Crispbread crackers. These crunchy treats (including Wasa® and Rykrisp® brands) have around 30 calories a cracker (depending on the brand, flavor, and style) and a couple of grams of fiber in each one. For the Top Chef in you, they make great bases for some healthy ingredients from your refrigerator. Try a dollop of fat-free cottage cheese with a dash of hot sauce; a slice of turkey breast and roasted red pepper; a "schmear" of hummus and a couple of pitted olives; or a slice of tomato and a fresh basil leaf with a drizzle of balsamic vinegar. Even the pico de gallo recipe above with some shredded nonfat cheddar will make a tasty cracker-topping treat. By being creative with some wholesome ingredients, you'll forget all about the halcyon days of eating Ritz crackers washed down with aerosol cheese right from the can (sigh).
- Pistachios. Pistachios are a great heart-healthy snack full of antioxidants, fiber, and unsaturated fats (the good kind). A 1/2-cup serving (with the shells, assuming you don't eat them) only has 170 calories, with 6 grams of protein and 3 grams of fiber; however, that serving also has 14 grams of fat, so don't go nuts chowing down on a whole bag. Walnuts, peanuts, cashews, almonds, pecans, and other nuts all have their nutritional upsides, too, but the reason I think pistachios make great snacks are the shells. The shells are difficult to open, so rather than shoveling handfuls of pre-shelled nuts down your throat, eat in-the-shell pistachios so you're forced to slow down. Keep an eye on the sodium content when you buy the nuts. Either buy unsalted or low-salt versions. And forget those disgusting pink ones that taste like lipstick. Who needs to leave hot-pink fingerprints all over the couch? A lot of stores also sell flavored versions that aren't too salty—chili-lime is one of my favorites.
- Edamame. The Japanese have one of the healthiest diets in the world, and soybeans are a great staple of that diet. Edamame—steamed or boiled soybean pods—contain all the essential amino acids, many essential fatty acids, and soy isoflavones. And a half-cup of beans only has 100 calories, 3 grams of fat, and 9 grams of carbs, with 8 grams of protein and 4 grams of fiber. Truly one of nature's perfect foods. And like pistachios, you can serve them in their shells, which slows down your face-stuffing process, giving you time to feel full before you've overeaten.
- Mini-pizzas. Forget the frozen food section. Anyone with a toaster oven or a broiler pan can be his or her own Mama Celeste or Chef Boyardee®. Just take half of a whole wheat English muffin (67 calories; 2 grams of fiber), add a little low-sodium tomato-based spaghetti or pizza sauce and a sprinkle of shredded low-fat or nonfat mozzarella cheese, and voilà—tasty and healthy pizza! As with the crispbread crackers, your imagination's the only limit for toppings. Fresh herbs like basil and oregano are delicious. Peppers, mushrooms, and low-sodium anchovies are popular and fairly healthy. Just stay away from processed meats like pepperoni, which are often loaded with saturated fat, carcinogenic nitrates, and sodium.
- Pita chips and hummus. Now you can open a Greek taverna in your living room. While some stores sell premade pita chips, you can easily make your own with very little fuss and muss (and usually with much less fat and salt). A large whole wheat pita has 170 calories, 5 grams of fiber, and less than 2 grams of fat. To make chips, cut around the edge of the pita with a small paring knife, so you have two discs. Then with a knife or pizza cutter, cut the discs into eighths or smaller chip-size pieces. Arrange the pieces on an aluminum-foil-covered cookie sheet, lightly spray with some olive oil cooking spray, and sprinkle with a little salt, low-fat Parmesan cheese, or your favorite dried herbs. Cook in oven or toaster oven until lightly browned and crispy, then serve with your favorite hummus or dip recipe.
- Relish tray. Some of my favorite snacks are pickled or brined anything—cucumbers, cauliflower, peppers, artichoke hearts, carrots, okra, baby corn, cornichons, cocktail onions, olives, sauerkraut, kimchi . . . even herring and hard-boiled eggs! Extremely low in calories, a plate full of pickled veggies on the coffee table is great for snacking. But watch out for the sodium! Certain store brands have more than others. The more ambitious might try marinating their fresh veggies in vinegar and a little heart-healthy olive oil to control the amount of salt involved. If you use salty brands, you might consider rinsing them to get rid of some of the salt, or mixing them on a plate with some fresh, unpickled vegetables to mitigate the salt intake.
- Deviled eggs. Eggs, once considered a scourge of the heart-healthy diet, are now getting a better rap. What's indisputable is the health value of the whites. If you take the yolks out of the equation, the egg whites can prove to be small, healthy, high-protein delivery systems suitable for all kinds of nutritious creamy fillings. Cut a bunch of hard-boiled eggs in half, lengthwise, and scoop out and discard the yolks. (See Yolkless Deviled Egg recipe elsewhere in this newsletter!) Try mixing some nonfat cottage cheese, Greek yogurt, or nonfat cream cheese with your favorite flavorings and spices, then blending or food-processing until creamy. Spoon or pipe the mixture into the egg whites where the yolks used to be, and you'll have a high-protein snack without all the fat and cholesterol. You can also use the empty egg whites as scoops for your favorite healthy dip or salsa.
Of course, you can enjoy even more snack food if you can work some exercise into your TV-watching. During playoff season, don't just save the stretching for the seventh inning. Try some exercises like P90X X Stretch throughout the game. Or if you're settling in for a night in front of the tube, make a deal with yourself—you can veg out and watch The Office and 30 Rock if you turn off Jay Leno. If you watch a show like Hawaii Five-O that motivates you to kick some butt, schedule some INSANITY® time immediately after the show while your adrenaline's still pumping. Or if, like me, you've become enslaved to your DVR or TiVo®, use it to your advantage and do a cooldown stretch to your favorite show as a reward for a well-done workout.
Related Articles
"Tropic Plunder: 6 Super-Healthy Exotic Fruits"
"Everything You Need to Know about the Glycemic Index"
"What's Your Beef? The Red Meat Dilemma"
Questions about your workout program, diet, the latest newsletter, or anything wellness related? Chat with Steve Edwards, the overseer of Beachbody's fitness and diet development (who also serves as your Fitness Advisor on the Message Boards), in the Beachbody Chat Room on Monday, September 27, at 3:00 PM ET, 12:00 PM PT.
If you'd like to ask a question or comment on this newsletter article, click here to add a comment in the newsletter review section or you can email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
INSANITY® on "Deal or Dud"
INSANITY was recently featured on FOX® 4 News in Dallas during their "Deal or Dud" segment. Check out how reporter Steve Noviello does testing out the workout.
Recipe: Yolkless Deviled Eggs
Hey, cheering on your favorite team takes energy. Here's a high-protein, low-carb, no-fat hors d'oeuvre from P90X nutritionist Carrie Wiatt. You can serve these at your tailgate or football-watching party and not have any shame in your game.
- 12 hard-boiled eggs
- 1 cup nonfat cottage cheese
- 1 Tbsp. green onion, minced
- 2 Tbsp. Dijon mustard
- 2 cloves garlic, minced
- 1/4 tsp. curry powder
- Paprika (to taste)
- Ground pepper (to taste)
Shell eggs and cut in half lengthwise. Discard yolks. Place cottage cheese, mustard, onion, garlic, and curry powder in a blender or food processor and puree. Spoon mixture into egg halves. Sprinkle with paprika and pepper. Makes 12 servings.
Preparation Time: 20 minutes
Cooking Time: 8 minutes
Nutritional Information (per serving):
Calories Protein Cholesterol Carbs Fat Total Saturated Fat 90 8 g 1 g 1 g 0 g 0 g
If you'd like to ask a question or comment on this newsletter article, click here to add a comment in the newsletter review section or you can email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Bacchin, Patrice and Derekx, Quentin and Veyret, Damien and Glucina, Karl and Moulin, Philippe. Clogging of microporous channels networks: role of connectivity and tortuosity. (2014) Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 17 (1). 85-96. ISSN 1613-4982
Derekx, Quentin and Bacchin, Patrice and Veyret, Damien and Glucina, Karl and Moulin, Philippe. Simulation of particle capture in a microfiltration membrane. (2011) Water Science and Technology, 64 (6). 136-1373 . ISSN 0273-1223


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The Rooftop is Bloomin'
August 24, 2012 at 2:00 pm smithsoniangardens Leave a comment
Smithsonian Gardens and Mitsitam Café Chef, Richard Hetzler continue their partnership to provide delicious, locally grown food in the National Museum of the American Indian Mitsitam Café. This year, we have expanded the crop growing space to include more plants than ever before by "jumping"onto the museum's rooftop!
Two varieties of tomatoes, Cherokee Purple and Manyel, tower over their potted companions. New Mex Big Jim Peppers and Serranno Peppers are a dynamic duo that keep things spicy on the rooftop and in the cafe's recipes. These two staples of summer can be married in a great salsa.
The leaves of an herb found in the containers, Hyptis suaveolens, commonly known as Chan in Latin American countries, can be used in a refreshing drink. Its minty aroma is sure to perk up any midday slump.
Also included in the containers is Tagetes lucida, an herb also known as Mexican Mint Marigold, Texas Tarragon and Yerbis Anis. The lemon colored flower is used in Day of the Dead celebrations and the leaves are used as a heat tolerate culinary substitute for French tarragon.
The beautiful orange blooms of Mexican Marigold (Tagetes erecta), native to Mexico and Central America, are dried and used in traditional Day of the Dead (November 2) celebrations. It is known as flor de muertos (flower of the dead.)
Amaranthus spp. 'Hopi Red Dye' is an annual with burgundy stems and maroon foliage. The edible black seeds can be ground to make a high protien flour. Young leaves can be eaten raw or steamed for a nutritious vegetable. Traditionally, Amaranthus is used by the Hopi Indians as a ceremonial dye used to make red cornbread.
Dysphania ambrosioides, espazote, is a small plant with lots of flavor. Commonly used to season bean dishes, epazote can also be used in chili, tamales, mole and enchiladas. Epazote is believed to cure flatulence, which is why it is often paired with beans.
The seed of Carthamus tinctorius or safflower is used to make culinary oil, yellow dyes and seasonings. Long utilized in textiles, dyes from Safflower has been found in the tombs of ancient Egypt!
Wyatt Carpenter, National Museum of the American Indian Horticulture Intern
Entry filed under: Horticulture, Landscape Architecture. Tags: amaranthus, Chan, container gardens, flor de muertos, Mitsitam Cafe, National Museum of the American Indian, peppers, rooftop garden, Tagetes, tomatoes.
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Bunn My Cafe AP Pod Brewer – Automatic with Wrap Graphics
Commercial grade, single-cup system with automatic pod disposal
Detailed Product Description:
- Eliminates waste by brewing one fresh cup at a time from a wide variety of coffee and tea pods
- Automatically disposes of spent pods after each brew
- Removable pod bin holds up to 25 spent pods
- Pod bin and drip tray can be modified for under-counter disposal of pods
- Works with most common coffee and tea pods
- Patented sprayhead design allows for proper extraction of all flavoring materials and aromatics
- Brews up to 16 ounces of coffee or tea in less than a minute
- Digital display in English/Spanish for easy programming, operation and control
- Control extraction utilizing pulse-brew technology with BrewMETER
- Push & hold hot water button provides up to 10 ounces of hot water for cappuccino, cocoa and soups
- Integrated cup booster allows for 5″ or 8″ cup clearance
- Energy-saver mode reduces tank temperature during idle periods. Recipe labels provided allow for customization of beverages dispensed
- Recipe labels provided allow for customization of beverages dispensed
- Low Profile Design Fits on Most Countertops
Stainless Steel and Black Decor
Note: The AutoPOD Brewer is intended for use with loose coffee pods. We do not recommend brewing with hard espresso or coffee pods
Electrical: 120V/12.5 amp
Plumbing: 20-90 psi (138-621 kPa). Machine supplied with 1⁄4″ OD male flare fitting
Size: 15.8″H x 9.7″W x 15.2″D
Weight: 29 pounds
Warranty: Circuit boards: 3 years parts and labor; All other parts: 2 years parts and 1 year labor


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Breunig: Foley is the tail trying to wag the dog
It's easy for journalists to be glib about Tom Foley's punches and counter-punches last week alleging ethical lapses in the governor's office.
Foley, after all, said he was applying the same standards as journalists. In response to our editorial criticizing his political tactics, he wrote a column for Friday's paper stating that "If the minimum threshold in journalism or in political discourse for bringing up an issue of concern was `proof,' there would be little or nothing brought up. When the media first published articles raising questions about the Rowland administration, they did not have proof. Nor did Woodward and Bernstein -- they only had `Deep Throat,' a single reliable source."
Despite immediate backlash in the media to his "ready, fire, aim" strategy, Foley kept spraying buckshot well beyond newspapers in his Greenwich backyard. During an appearance on National Public Radio's "Where We Live" program, he inspired host John Dankosky to counter in measured tones: "The journalistic standard isn't to throw a bunch of things and see what sticks, just so you understand."
Foley may understand, while embracing that what really matters is how information sticks with the voter. And he may be crafty enough to manipulate the weak links in the modern journalism machine. I've made a choice not to repeat his charges in this space. That doesn't mean you can't find them on the web without any sort of filter.
Many professional journalists, though, remain idealists. So we flinch when we hear Foley comparing himself to the reporters who brought down an American president. "Deep Throat" provided a road map for Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward to explore. They worked tirelessly to confirm details of the Nixon campaign's crimes with multiple sources before their stories were presented to Washington Post readers.
It may seem like a nuanced distinction. It's not. Foley is smart enough to understand how the landscape has changed in 40 years. But I'm pretty confident that Bob Woodward would not have tweeted Deep Throat's accusations from his iPhone while standing in the Arlington garage that served as their meeting spot.
Journalistic standards are challenged every day by the immediacy of the internet. Once upon a time, editors could ponder balance and ethics for hours before their message was delivered to the audience. So it's encouraging that there was a backlash to Foley's efforts to make reporters do his bidding. It's not that Malloy shouldn't be held accountable, but editors and reporters torture themselves over whether sources are reliable. Just because two unnamed people say the same thing doesn't mean one isn't merely parroting the other.
I could easily offer several high-stakes examples of debunking accusations, but I believe error and fact can get tangled in memory. This is the reasoning behind writing corrections in the paper that do not repeat mistakes. Rather than risk smearing anyone with an example of a compromised report, here's a lighter example of how lazy journalism can spiral if not checked.
Three years ago, Justin Bieber's concert film was about to debut at a Wilton theater. Word spread via Twitter that Bieber was poised to make a surprise appearance at the theater. The fuse was lit and our editors (and other news directors) were pressured to dispatch staff to Wilton. Before doing so, Advocate City Editor Jon Lucas hit the pause button for a little fact-checking. He quickly determined that Bieber was in the process of getting a haircut during a taping of "Jimmy Kimmel Live" 3,000 miles away.
A tweener's tweet had briefly flipped the newsroom into chaos.
Foley is being no more responsible than the teenager who fantasized Bieber would appear in Wilton. He is not acting as Woodward or Bernstein. He is not a "single, reliable source." The journalistic standard is to question any source's motivation. Foley's motivation is power.
But it's not 1973. Hushed discussions in a garage have been replaced by the echo chamber that is the New Media. Foley understands what happens when you yell in an echo chamber.
John Breunig is editorial page editor of The Advocate and Greenwich Time. He can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com; 203-964-2281; http://twitter.com/johnbreunig.


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GOP presidential nominee Mitt Romney's assertion that President Barack Obama failed to label last month's attack on a diplomatic post in Libya as a terrorist attack quickly emerged as one of the highlights in a testy debate between the two candidates.
Former Gov. Mitt Romney had an apparent misstep during the second debate of the 2012 presidential election while laying out the timeline for President Obama's use of the word 'terrorism' to describe the recent attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.
Romney's claim about Obama's immediate response to the Sept. 11, 2012 assault on the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi, Libya, was rebuffed by CNN's Candy Crowley in a somewhat unusual moment in which a moderator disputed a candidate's claim.
As Romney argued that Obama had failed to recognize the incident as an act of terror, Crowley interjected: "He did call it an act of terror."
Her dissent drew scattered applause from the audience, in violation of debate rules.
The moment would seem to put Romney on the losing end of an exchange over an issue on which the politics have shifted steadily in the Republican ticket's favor. But the reality is more cloudy, which cuts to the core of the politics of the Obama administration's response to the Benghazi incident.
Romney's attack on the administration has been two-pronged. In addition to Romney's criticism of the administration's shifting explanation for the Benghazi attack, the Republican emerged hours after the government acknowledged the deaths of four Americans -- including U.S. Ambassador Christopher Stevens -- to essentially accuse the administration of sympathizing with the attackers by failing to disavow a statement issued by the U.S. embassy in Egypt decrying a video produced in America that depicted Islam in an unflattering manner.
"They clearly sent mixed messages to the world," Romney said in a press conference the next day. "And the statement that came from the administration -- and the embassy is the administration -- the statement that came from the administration was a statement which is akin to apology, and I think was a severe miscalculation."
Obama also spoke that morning from the Rose Garden, where he mourned the death of Stevens and the other deceased Americans and vowed to bring the attackers to justice.
Among his remarks, the president said: "No acts of terror will ever shake the resolve of this great nation, alter that character or eclipse the light of the values that we stand for."
Those comments were the apparent basis for Crowley's dissent from Romney, though the CNN anchor acknowledged in the same breath that Romney was also correct to assert that the Obama administration had also publicly held for days that the attacks were spontaneous, and not premeditated.
Indeed during the immediate aftermath of the attack, the administration officials publicly asserted that the uprising in Libya was essentially a spontaneous reaction to the video, similar to the impetus for protests the same day in Egypt that had resulted in a breach of the U.S. embassy in Cairo.
"Putting together the best information that we have available to us today, our current assessment is that what happened in Benghazi was in fact initially a spontaneous reaction to what had just transpired hours before in Cairo, almost a copycat of the demonstrations against our facility in Cairo, which were prompted, of course, by the video," U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice said on NBC's "Meet the Press" on Sept. 16.
But by the end of the month, the administration had eventually admitted that the Benghazi incident was the result of a coordinated terrorist attack. The recognition offered Romney a powerful political cudgel to use against the administration, just as the Republican nominee needed to distinguish himself from Obama on the topic of foreign policy, an issue on which the president enjoyed an advantage.
The issue has threatened to emerge as a millstone on the Democratic ticket, as the Obama-Biden ticket has mangled its public explanations of the handling of the incident.
"As they learned more facts about exactly what happened, they changed their assessment," Vice President Joe Biden said of the administration's evolving definition of the attack at last Thursday's vice presidential debate. But Biden said in the same debate that he and Obama hadn't been told the post in Libya had asked for more protection, in contradiction of a security officer's testimony before a congressional hearing the day before.
The admission gave Romney more fodder.
"Now, by the way yesterday I raised some questions about Benghazi and the tragedy that occurred there and there were more questions that came out of last night. Because the vice president directly contradicted the sworn testimony of State Department officials. He's doubling down on denial," Romney said Friday in Virginia, while demanding more answers.
That helped lead to Libya's emergence as an issue at Tuesday evening's second presidential debate. While Obama was the beneficiary of an impromptu assist from the moderator, he took separate aim at Romney and accused him of politicizing the entire incident.
"While we were still dealing with our diplomats being threatened, Governor Romney put out a press release, trying to make political points, and that's not how a commander in chief operates," he said.
Turning to glare at Romney, the president added: "The suggestion that anybody in my team, whether the secretary of state, our U.N. ambassador, anybody on my team would play politics or mislead when we've lost four of our own, governor, is offensive. That's not what we do. That's not what I do as president, that's not what I do as commander in chief."


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Experiments: Space Workout
Thayer School tested an astronaut exercise plan during flights over the Gulf of Mexico last spring. Abigail Davidson '05 Th'07, Lauren Edgar '07, Eve Russell '05, and Jennifer Tonneson '06 conducted experiments during 30-second intervals of weightlessness as part of NASA's Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program.
The exercises, designed to combat the bone and muscle loss astronauts experience on long missions, utilize elastic bands that take up a lot less space than the bulky exercise machines NASA currently uses.
The students were building on 2004 experiments conducted by Stephanie Feldman '04, Chelsea Morgan '04, Lea Kiefer '04, and Lauren Talbot '04. That group developed the concept with DHMC physician Jay Buckey, a former astronaut. The exercises, called the Dartmouth Resistance Exercises for Antigravity Muscles (DREAM), proved to be effective in muscle activation during the first round of experiments. Davidson says the second group wanted to expand on the initial demonstration by testing additional exercises, developing visual feedback on muscle activation during the exercises, and improving the electromyogram data analysis.
The team spent 10 days in Houston, where they became flight-certified and then performed tests for two days on a jet that flies parabolic arcs to produce weightless periods.
The students presented their findings at the Aerospace Medical Association Conference in May. "Everyone there thought this was a fantastic idea and wanted to know what our next step was," says Abigail Davidson. "We are actually hoping that NASA will in some form adopt this exercise regimen for astronauts."
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Yi Chen-The Holy Ghost Furniture
At Design Interviews
(Excerpt) Interview with yi chen : Frank Scott: What is the main principle, idea and inspiration behind your design?. yi chen : The design is actually a result from a spiritual experience based on our Christian belief. Its holiness, dynamism, and mobility, combined with the ethereal beauty of the spiritual space, arouse more thoughts related to religious conviction and spiritual pursuit. By breaking withpeople's inherent thinking towards the chair, it not only inspires the multidimensional cognition of abstract and symbolic objects, but breathes new life into the chair itself. It is just like a spiritual entity, designed with an invisible, untouchable, but perceivable image as the theme. .Frank Scott: What has been your main focus in designing this work? Especially what did you want to achieve?. yi chen : Our focus has been on breathing new life into the chair itself to turn it into a holy spiritual entity. .Frank Scott: What are your future plans for this award winning design?. yi chen : We expect to come up with more furniture pieces with their own spiritual temperament. .Frank Scott: How long did it take you to design this particular concept?. yi chen : One month. .Frank Scott: Why did you design this particular concept? Was this design commissioned or did you decide to pursuit an inspiration?. yi chen : It is a result from a spiritual experience based on our Christian beliefs. .Frank Scott: Is your design being produced or used by another company, or do you plan to sell or lease the production rights or do you intent to produce your work yourself?. yi chen : We've been considering such plans .Frank Scott: What made you design this particular type of work?. yi chen : The Holy Ghost Chair is inspired by our Christian belief, in which the Holy Ghost stands for love. The Light of the Holy Ghost being a source of affection and love, the Holy Ghost is not an object to experience, but a means to explorea new life. The moment we're touched by the Holy Ghost, we feel the transcendence and presence of the God, who allow himself to be known and to be experienced . .Frank Scott: Where there any other designs and/or designers that helped the influence the design of your work?. yi chen : I cooperated with Muchen Zhang in design. .Frank Scott: Who is the target customer for his design?. yi chen : Young, energetic people. .Frank Scott: What sets this design apart from other similar or resembling concepts?. yi chen : It is not like a chair, but a holy, weightless object seeming to have a soul. .Frank Scott: How did you come up with the name for this design? What does it mean?. yi chen : The holiness, dynamism and mobility that characterize the chair dovetail with the invisible, untouchable but perceivable nature of the Holy Ghost. Namingit The Holy Ghost Chair is an attempt to breathe new life into it. .Frank Scott: Which design tools did you use when you were working on this project?. yi chen : Combination of vertical line arrays and horizontal block surfaces .Frank Scott: What is the most unique aspect of your design?. yi chen : It is a spiritual entity, not merely a chair .Frank Scott: Who did you collaborate with for this design? Did you work with people with technical / specialized skills?. yi chen : I cooperated with Muchen Zhang in designing the chair, while the makerwas responsible for technical solutions. .Frank Scott: What is the role of technology in this particular design?. yi chen : It's helpful in giving the support required by the chair. .Frank Scott: Is your design influenced by data or analytical research in any way? What kind of research did you conduct for making this design?. yi chen : We're not influenced by data or analytical research.The achievement of a spiritual experience based on our Christian belief, however, did have an impact on our design. .Frank Scott: What are some of the challenges you faced during the design/realization of your concept?. yi chen : To make it appear holy and weightless. .Frank Scott: How did you decide to submit your design to an international design competition?. yi chen : A' Design Award is a prestigious prize in international design field. Being part of it would allow more people, either laymen or professional.[ End of Excerpt: Read complete interview with yi chen on The Holy Ghost Furniture at design-interviews.com ]
Yi Chen-The Holy Ghost Furniture Images:
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- full theme with extremely versatile home/landing page and customizable leads generating form
- theme customizer with instant side-to-side preview – test it now!
- 2 versions of home page: lead generating form and iPad slider
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11 hand-picked Google fonts (test them):
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- unlimited color combinations with 12 colorpickers (test them)
- more than 50 options for customizing
- AJAX contact / leads generating form with autoresponder, file-upload and linked to MailChimp
- leads form can be customized
- rotating clients' quotes rotator
- collapsible FAQ section
- +350 font icons for super-fast loading
- separate menu on front and inner pages
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v1.57 - November 10th, 2017 * further bug fixes v1.50 - October 25th, 2017 * big round of bug fixes v1.45 - June 25th 2015 * PrettyPhoto security fix v1.40 - January 5th 2015 * minor bug fixes v1.35 - October 6th 2014 * add file upload field to the contact form * minor bug fixes v1.30 - July 22nd 2014 * linked MailChimp to the contact form - users are subscribed after a successful form submit * improved contact form captcha to prevent SPAM * minor bug fixes v1.20 - March 7th 2014 * minor fixes * added second optional form field in theme customizer * social icon links now open in new window * after form submit users can be redirected to a custom URL v1.15 - November 29th 2013 * minor fix on jquery.tweet.js and style.css v1.10 - September 9th 2013 * added target option to social_icon shortcode * fixed a few bugs v1.05 - August 28th 2013 * fixed bug with archive title * added extra field to header form v1.0 - August 23rd 2013 * initial release


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Chakra is a desktop-centric, Linux distribution that was derived from Arch Linux, but is now a fork of that distribution. Unlike Arch Linux, which supports several desktop environments, Chakra is a KDE-only distribution.
The latest edition, Chakra 2012.02, code-named Archimedes, was released on February 12. Since there is very little difference, other than changes in software and kernel versions, between this latest release and Edn, the previous release, this article offers a summary review only.Full story »


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So you want to write an Apprising article just like Ken Silva? Well follow these eight simple steps and pretty soon you'll be able to write an Apprising Discernmentalist Missive like a pro and even one up Ken Silva himself:
- Step one—choose a subject on whom you want to apprise the church on: Candace Cameron-Bure.
- Step 2: Can you discern anything slightly heretical about the subject whom you've chosen? Yes.
- Step 3: Define what you have deemed heretical about the subject you are writing on: Recently Candace Cameron-Bure appeared on a worldly Nickelodeon game show.
- Step 4: Here would be a good place in the article to add a screen-capture preferably of a Twitter account to use as incriminating evidence:
- Step 5: Was what you deemed heretical a book, a quote, an event or something else? A worldly Nickelodeon game show appearance.
- Step 6: What made this so heretical? (Hint: Now is a good time to link your article back to any of your other fellow Online Discernmentalist Ministries and friends or one of your own articles). I've already told you that Worldliness is an abomination remember as Romans 12:2 states: "Be not conformed to the world" also as Proverbs 27: 20 states: "'Hell and destruction are never full; so the eyes of man are never satisfied." Not only is Nickelodeon worldly but my fellow Truth Warrior Eric Barger has discernmentalized some startling facts about Nickelodeon's connection to the New World Order and the Occult: "Beware of New Nickelodeon Show: A new, heavily advertised program debuting tomorrow (January 1) on Nickelodeon will introduce American children to a Harry Potter-like hit show from Belgian called "The House of Anubis." From watching the video trailer for the new TV show, it is very obvious that the producers are cashing in on the blockbuster success of the J.K. Rowling novels. It also further illustrates the fascination and affinity the world is showing for entertainment which promotes ungodly supernaturalism. At very least "The House of Anubis" glorifies its namesake – "a jackal-headed god associated with mummification and the afterlife in Egyptian mythology." In occult circles, Anubis is known as one of the most powerful demonic deities. I wrote about this is the updated version of my book (with David Benoit) Entertaining Spirits Unaware: The End-Time Occult Invasion. (See: http://www.ericbarger.com/esu.htm) This is just another step in the desensitization process of our society (and out children). Our world is now viewing the occult as "normal" – a certain sign of the End-Days." Therefore we can only conclude that by Candace Cameron-Bure appearing on a show on a network that promotes Occultic NWO shows then she has destroyed any integrity in her purity of True Christian Doctrine that she had left and may in fact be a False Convert. Also she was sinfully-ecumenical on that worldly show with Larry King–a known supporter of Liberal politics who rejects the True Gospel and Joey Fatone-who was a member in a band with a homosexual. This sends the world the wrong message. This tells the world that Christians accept the great lie and satanic deception of Liberalism that means that homosexuality and abortion are ok but war is wrong. Lastly, the worldly show that Candace Cameron-Bure appeared on promotes sharing and charities which are communism and socialism according to my fellow Discernmentalist Jan Markell's clear teachings.
- Step 7: Make sure to add at least one quote or two from John MacArthur (P. B. U. H.) or Spurgeon or both of these men of God to add a little "non-sissified anti-Evanjellyfish doctrinal theology" into your article: "If you've been watching the headlines over the last couple years, you may have noticed the incredible surge of interest in affirming homosexuality. Whether it's at the heart of a religious scandal, political corruption, radical legislation, or the redefinition of marriage, homosexual interests have come to characterize America. That's an indication of the success of the gay agenda. And some Christians, including some national church leaders, have wavered on the issue even recently. But sadly, when people refuse to acknowledge the sinfulness of homosexuality–calling evil good and good evil (Isaiah 5:20)–they do so at the expense of many souls. How should you respond to the success of the gay agenda? Should you accept the recent trend toward tolerance? Or should you side with those who exclude homosexuals with hostility and disdain? In reality, the Bible calls for a balance between what some people think are two opposing reactions–condemnation and compassion. Really, the two together are essential elements of biblical love, and that's something the homosexual sinner desperately needs. Homosexual advocates have been remarkably effective in selling their warped interpretations of passages in Scripture that address homosexuality. When you ask a homosexual what the Bible says about homosexuality–and many of them know–they have digested an interpretation that is not only warped, but also completely irrational. Pro-homosexual arguments from the Bible are nothing but smokescreens–as you come close, you see right through them. God's condemnation of homosexuality is abundantly clear–He opposes it in every age."—Dr. John MacArthur (P. B. U. H.) on the Gay Agenda. Spurgeon on worldliness: "It is clear to every one who is willing to see it that laxity of doctrine is either the parent of worldliness, or is in some other way very near akin to it. The men who give up the old faith are the same persons who plead for latitude as to general conduct. The Puritan is not more notorious for his orthodoxy than for his separateness from the world. Liberal divines do not always command the respect of the public, but they gain a certain popularity by pandering to prevailing tastes. The ungodly world is so far on their side that it commends them for their liberality, and rails at the orthodox as bigots and kill-joys. It is a very suspicious circumstance that very often the less a man knows of the inner life, and the less he even cares to speak of it, the more heartily he is for the new theology, the theory of evolution, and the condemnation of all settled doctrine. Those who would have a blessing from the Lord must avoid all this, and determine to follow the Lord fully. Not only must they quit false doctrine, but they must receive the gospel, not as dogma, but as vital truth. Only as the truth is attended with living faith will it prove its own royal power. Believers must also sweep the house of the leaven of worldliness, and the frivolities of a giddy generation. The evil which is now current eats as doth a canker, and there is no hope for healthy godliness until it is cut out of the body of the church by her again repenting, and doing her first works."
- Step 8: Write a conclusion: "Let's mobilize our Lord's forces and lift up the banner of Jesus Christ of Nazareth—our great God and Savior—for the whole world to see! For he who is in you is greater than he who is in the world (1 John 4:4) Might we give ourselves completely to the Lord that He use us to rescue those lost in the twisted kingdom of the cults." Finish. Congratulations! Now, you've written a Ken Silvaesque article!


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The brigaders travelled in boats much like that shown above.
This boat is exhibited at Fort Langley and is fairly typical of the boats that travelled up and down the Fraser River in those days.
When Peter Skene Ogden arrived in the territory in 1835, he asked his men to build these boats to replace the birchbark canoes that had, until now, been used in the territory.
By the time the 1840 brigade left Stuart's Lake, there were almost certainly enough boats to carry them all south to Fort Alexandria.Every year three-quarters of the male population of New Caledonia travelled out with the New Caledonia brigade.
This year Anderson, too, travelled out with the brigade.
He had arrived in New Caledonia in winter 1835-36 and remained there until spring 1840.
Now he was being transferred out of the territory.
Now he was being transferred out of the territory.
The McLeod Lake men transported their furs to the to the Stuart's Lake post, probably by dog-sled, over the rough trail that existed in those days.
Other men from posts north of Stuart's Lake also delivered their furs south to the headquarters.
At Fraser's Lake, the HBC employees prepared their own boats for taking the furs downriver to Fort Vancouver.
The combined Stuart's Lake/McLeod Lake brigades met the Fraser's Lake brigade boats at the Native village of Chinlac, at the junction of Stuart's and Nechako Rivers.
From Chinlac, the brigades travelled together to Fort George, which stood on the south west bank of the Nechako where it flowed into the Fraser.
Interestingly, one of A.C. Anderson's maps showed two Fort Georges -- one on the west bank of the Fraser River where historians have always known it to be, and the other -- "the Old Fort" on the east bank of the Fraser.
No one knows for sure whether there were two forts or not, or when they existed.
The staffmembers at Prince George museum believed that Anderson erred when he showed the "old fort" on his map.They may be right.
To the right we have the map of the Fraser River south of the Fort George canyon, all the way to Fort Alexandria.
The outgoing brigade travelled by boat down the Fraser River to Fort Alexandria, where they beached the boats and stored them over the summer season in the hay sheds.
The outgoing brigade travelled by boat down the Fraser River to Fort Alexandria, where they beached the boats and stored them over the summer season in the hay sheds.
The brigaders left Fort Alexandria on horseback.
About one hundred and fifty packhorses travelled south from Fort Alexandria over the old trail that led to modern-day Williams Lake and Lac la Hache.
In 1840, Fort Alexandria was on the west bank of the Fraser River, where it had been re-located sometime after Anderson arrived in the territory (in 1836, I believe.)


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By now perhaps you've seen these embarrassing comments Marco Rubio made to GQ:
GQ: How old do you think the Earth is?
RUBIO: I'm not a scientist, man. I can tell you what recorded history says, I can tell you what the Bible says, but I think that's a dispute amongst theologians and I think it has nothing to do with the gross domestic product or economic growth of the United States. I think the age of the universe has zero to do with how our economy is going to grow. I'm not a scientist. I don't think I'm qualified to answer a question like that. At the end of the day, I think there are multiple theories out there on how the universe was created and I think this is a country where people should have the opportunity to teach them all. I think parents should be able to teach their kids what their faith says, what science says. Whether the Earth was created in 7 days, or 7 actual eras, I'm not sure we'll ever be able to answer that. It's one of the great mysteries.
Now, this is another sign that the GOP isn't maybe quite as ready for change as some of its members are saying it is. If it were, he'd have simply said, "About four and a half billion years." Or if he didn't know that, as many people don't, I guess, something like: "I don't know, but in the billions, I think." But you cannot say that if you are a Republican who aspires to higher office. (Imagine!).
One thing this election changed is that the rest of us can now just tee off on this kind of troglodytism without feeling the least bit tentative. Back in the Bush days, a part of you thought, "Well, maybe that's the real America, the people who believe that stuff, and I'm the outlier."
But now it's my America! It's our America! They are the outliers! They helped make Mitt Romney unelectable, or more unelectable than he was anyway. And they are a problem their party needs to figure out how to solve. Hallelujiah.


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The Reserve Bank of India have relaxed many of the restraining, regulatory rules and have licensed 39 banks to offer mobile banking, yet only a few hundred thousand subscribers use mobile banking regularly performing less than a million transactions a month! (According to the referenced article) This is off the scale disappointing.
With such huge potential, it is important to figure out what is the deterrent to not more people using a service for which a clear need exist. While I do not know enough to provide a clear opinion, the following may provide some clues:
- Do the existing service provided for in the Indian market really solve a defined need, or is it just, well... mobile banking.
- Mobile banking (in most countries) is not perceived as "complex and too technical", as is the case (it seems) in India. Is this because Indians are not as technically astute as citizens of other countries, or because the implementations in India are too complex?