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KNOXVILLE -— The development of a sustainable biofuels industry in Tennessee has taken another leap forward. The U.S. Department of Energy has announced that Mascoma Corporation, with the University of Tennessee, is among the recipients of a $26 million grant for the development of biomass conversion technology.
The grant is for demonstrating the production of cellulosic ethanol at approximately one-tenth commercial scale operations. The facility is to be constructed at the Niles Ferry Industrial Park in Monroe County as part of the Tennessee Biofuels Initiative.
The Tennessee Biofuels Initiative is a business model proposed by UT and supported by Governor Phil Bredesen and the state legislature. State appropriations in 2007 included $40.7 million for construction of the demonstration biorefinery and funds for further research and development of bioenergy crops and conversion techniques. The ultimate goal is a thriving, sustainable biobased economy in the state with multiple biorefineries, each supplied by locally produced biomass.
David Millhorn, UT executive vice president, said, "This newest award is a dramatic example of how the vision and investment made by Governor Bredesen and our state leaders has helped to leverage major federal funding that will have dramatic impact on rural development in Tennessee."
The new funding brings the total investment in the region to some $230 million for the development of bioenergy sciences. This includes $135 million that Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) received from DOE in 2007 for its new Bioenergy Science Center.
Joseph DiPietro, UT vice president for agriculture, echoed Millhorn's thoughts. "We appreciate the additional investment by DOE. These funds in tandem with funds already secured from the state will lead to even greater discoveries and secure Tennessee at the forefront in development of the biofuels industry."
The new DOE grant will support Tennessee's efforts to demonstrate how farm-based production of energy crops can supply a biorefinery and will support research to enhance the commercial feasibility of converting biomass crops into fuels and other products. UT, the University of Tennessee Research Foundation and Genera Energy are partners with Mascoma in the award.
Genera Energy is a limited liability company recently formed by the University of Tennessee Research Foundation for the purpose of managing the research, development and demonstration operations of the cellulosic ethanol biorefinery in Vonore, Tenn. Genera Energy will help transform the technological developments made by researchers into products for the marketplace. Cellulosic biofuels are referred to as the next or second generation of biofuels because they are not necessarily made with food-based commodities like corn. Researchers with the UT Institute of Agriculture are cooperating with scientists at ORNL, Mascoma and other partners to solve technical issues related to the production of cellulosic ethanol.
Earlier this year the University announced a farmer incentive program for production of switchgrass as a feedstock for the biorefinery. UT has contracted with 16 farmers within 50 miles of the biorefinery site to produce 720 acres of switchgrass this year. The number of participants is expected to increase to accommodate the needs of the biorefinery, and approximately 6,000 acres of switchgrass should be in production by 2010.
Genera Energy plans to have the demonstration biorefinery operational in early 2010, coinciding with the second annual harvest of switchgrass.
Kelly Tiller, director of operations for the UT Office of Bioenergy Programs, is charged with overseeing the university's efforts regarding the construction and operation of the biorefinery. "Forming Genera Energy allows us more flexibility in seeking partners for this first-of-its kind research and development effort," she said. "Ultimately the consumers of Tennessee who choose to purchase cellulosic ethanol will be the beneficiaries through more competitive prices for fuel."
"It's a win-win situation for everyone in the state," Tiller explains. "Instead of revenues associated with retail gasoline purchases flowing out of the state and overseas, revenue from locally produced fuels will circulate within our own communities many times over providing funding for jobs and to improve local infrastructure like schools."
Unlike first generation ethanol from corn and sugar cane, Genera Energy will focus on proving the commercial viability of the production of ethanol from sustainable non-food plant biomass such as switchgrass and other woody biomass commodities.
David Millhorn, UT Executive Vice President, 865-974-4048
Kelly Tiller, UT Office of Bioenergy Programs, 865-946-1130
Patricia McDaniels, UT Institute of Agriculture Marketing and Communications, 865-974-7141


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OH.MY.GOD! I really could say that 100 times. I wish I could take credit for this recipe, but, I can't. I checked out a bunch of books from the library a few weeks back and one of them was Cooking Free by Carol Fenster, PH.D. I have been meaning to make this for a week or 2, but on top of being intimidated by making something like this from scratch, I just plain ran out of time. Today, I commited, and boy, am I glad that I finally did. It was super easy. Much easier than I pictured it being. It also reminded me of the crust from a gluten-filled pizza crust. It was chewy and thin. It was flavorful. It was…..P.I.Z.Z.A!!!!!! So, Carol Fenster, whereever you are, THANK YOU from the bottom of my heart (and my son Jon's too….he couldn't stop drooling over the pizza). You can find the recipe here.
**I topped mine with Prego 3 Cheese marinara, mozzerella, mini portabella mushrooms, baby spinach & tomatoes. I shredded fresh grated parmesan on top. I am sorry that I don't have pictures. I was way too involved in eating. LOL!!
Jon said that he likes this much better than Pamela's Wheat Free Bread Mix as pizza crust. He said he loves that mix for bread & bagels, but to PLEASE use this recipe for pizza from now on. FYI, this needs to be doubled, in my opinion. It technically serves 6, but Jon and I split it. I do have 1 piece left, but that is it. You can freeze the crust after the initial 10 minute baking period for a later date. I will definitely be doubling this recipe from now on. Hannah had a frozen, non-GF pizza for dinner. She wanted ours, but no luck. I told her next time she could have as much as she wanted.
Filed under: Gluten-Free, Gluten-Free Recipes | Tagged: Carol Fenster, gluten free pizza crust | 19 Comments »

subset: commoncrawl


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New CGIAR head explains his vision for the future
It is something of a homecoming for Frank Rijsberman, the 55-year-old Dutch national who was recently appointed chief executive officer of the newly-formed CGIAR Consortium — formerly known as the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.
Rijsberman was until 2007 head of the CGIAR's International Water Management Institute, a post that he left in 2007 to become programme director on the philanthropic team of Google.org, and subsequently director of water, sanitation and hygiene strategy at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Now he is returning to head the leadership team of the body that is responsible for integrating and co-ordinating the work of 15 separate agricultural research centres — known as the CGIAR Consortium on International Agricultural Research — as it goes through the final steps of a major reform.
These reforms began in 2009, with the announcement that the 15 research centres would be brought together to work on a series of research programmes, financed from a central donor fund, to address agricultural issues more holistically.
But this challenge is one for which Rijsberman — who trained in civil engineering and brings to the job 30 years' experience in development and environmental issues — appears to be ready.
"I am privileged to have a chance to work on such an important mission, at a time when the world really recognises that food security is the top challenge facing humanity, as we need to provide 70 per cent more food between now and 2050, without destroying the environment," Rijsberman told SciDev.Net.
His immediate plan is to enhance performance management at the consortium, increase public and private sector investment in agricultural research, and help smallholder farmers put more food on the table through using environmentally-sound practices.
"Many of our research programmes are much more focused [than before] on climate change and agriculture, and we believe we can help make agriculture more climate-resistant," says Rijsberman.
"This might mean anything from conservation agriculture [practices] to growing drought-tolerant maize."
A new Green Revolution
Established in 1971, the CGIAR was, Rijsberman says, "too successful" during the early years, when it spearheaded the 'Green Revolution' of the 1970s, with its panoply of research, development and technology initiatives.
This helped transform agricultural production, leading to wide-scale adoption of high yielding crop varieties, a growing abundance of food, and low food prices.
"Clearly, Africa did not experience similar levels of success, but the world as a whole had enough food and low food prices, and became complacent," Rijsberman said.
The new green revolution must boost agriculture and food security in Africa, says Rijsberman
Flickr/Peter Casier
He adds that, as a result, investments in agriculture declined to precipitously low levels.
"The Green Revolution's success almost made the world fall asleep and think that we had solved the agriculture crisis and did not need to invest anymore", he says. "Now we need to come up with a new Green Revolution, one that is effective for Africa and one that works not against but with the environment, and is clearly focused on smallholder farmers."
Science and technology, Rijsberman says, are at the root of this.
Focus on water
In 2011, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation gave him responsibility for developing grant-making for a new sanitation strategy focusing on impoverished communities worldwide, which led to the development of a science and technology initiative.
Rijsberman sees his new appointment as a natural transition, due to his extensive experience working on water issues. He was awarded a multidisciplinary PhD — by Colorado State University — in water resources planning and management and civil engineering. Rijsberman also conceived and led the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food.
Rijsberman has a reputation for successfully reeling in project funding. During his tenure as director-general of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) between 2000 and 2007, Rijsberman grew the organisation from a budget of US$9 million, with operations confined to South Asia, to an organisational budget of US$23 million, with 12 offices across Asia and Africa.
"I will be building on a lot of work that donors, the centres and everyone has done in putting in place major foundations and building blocks for reforms," said Rijsberman, explaining that the reform of CGIAR — which he has described as a multi-headed beast — should be finalised to help secure investments and to build strong relationships with partners.
Forging the future
Asked about where the consortium will be in ten years' time, Rijsberman said that by 2022, it should have a strong and streamlined portfolio of research programmes, with investments of around US$1.6 billion. With the introduction of improved maize, wheat and rice varieties, the CGIAR should have made an impact on food security and poverty for hundreds of millions of poor people, he said.
Rijsberman added that an analysis of returns on investment had shown that the CGIAR had one of the highest returns of investment in development. Some studies have indicated that every dollar invested in the CGIAR brings backs US$9 in benefits, mainly for smallholder farmers.
In 2011, the total CGIAR budget was US$700 million and is projected to grow to US$900 million in 2012. Rijsberman is optimistic that the consortium will reach its US$1 billion target by 2015.


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A special weeklong examination of gun violence, gun ownership and gun legislation. NBC News journalists will report across "NBC Nightly News," "TODAY," MSNBC, CNBC, NBCNews.com, and more. The conversation will also extend across NBC News and MSNBC's social media platforms using the hashtag #GunsInUSA.
In 1982, Kennesaw, Georgia passed a law requiring each head of household to keep and maintain a firearm.
The law has never been enforced but opponents of increased gun control see the town's low crime rate as a positive result of the law. MSNBC's Craig Melvin reports.


text: This site was created by the Pennsauken Free Public Library and provides links to Internet sites outside of the domain of the library. The Internet is an unregulated medium offering a wealth of enriching material to individuals of all ages. It also enables access to material that may be offensive, disturbing, inaccurate and/or illegal. The library does not assume responsibility for the content of material on the Internet as it is not possible for the library to apply the same selection criteria that is used for other resources. The viewing and use of materials on the Internet is the responsibility of each individual user. Parents and/or guardians are responsible for their children.


text: OBD2 Multi function gauges that plug directly into your cars existing diagnostic port with no additional wiring required. As OBD2 gauges are reading information directly supplied by your engine ECU they can only display information within options where your ECU has the sensors already installed. A very effective method of monitoring your engine without the added hassle of electrical installations.


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Luis Resto is a Detroit-based musician and songwriter who has collaborated with a wildly diverse collection of accomplished artists in a career that has spanned over three decades. A founding member of the highly influential Was (Not Was), Luis has additionally lent his musical talents to Patti Smith, Stevie Nicks, Mel Torme, Anita Baker, The Highway Men (Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, Kris Kristofferson, Johnny Cash), 50 Cent, Nicki Minaj and Lil Wayne. Yet perhaps most notable, has been his relationship with rapper, Eminem, which has earned him both a Grammy and an Oscar in 2003 as a co-writer on �Lose Yourself� . He continues to work with Eminem as a songwriter and keyboardist on both recording projects and in live concert. Luis has simultaneously embarked on a solo career releasing his debut album, Combo de Momento in 2010 and the most recent, One Small Light, Spring 2012.
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Though commonly recognized by many from his longtime stint as Merv Griffin's comedic sidekick on The Merv Griffin Show, trumpeter and vocalist Jack Sheldon qualifies, hands-down, as a force of jazz and one of the most unique talents in his chosen genre.
Fewer still may realize, however, that off-camera Sheldon battled his way through one of the most tumultuous and tortuous lives imaginable - replete with horrific, crushing personal tragedy, drug addiction and alcohol abuse.
In the final analysis, he survived, and quickly became a stand-by in Hollywood whenever celebrities sought a musician for their private events - thus reeling in friends as lofty as Billy Crystal, fellow jazz pianist Clint Eastwood, and Johnny Mandel, each one in awe of Sheldon's musical prowess.
With the documentary Trying to Get Good: The Jazz Odyssey of Jack Sheldon, husband-and-wife filmmaking team Penny Peyser and Doug McIntyre reflects on Sheldon's life and incredible career, by interpolating interviews with the aforementioned celebrities and others, archival footage of Sheldon performing with such heavyweights as Stan Kenton and Benny Goodman, performance clips of The Jack Sheldon Orchestra, and much more.


text:
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This prolific Pansy Colourburst is a long flowering variety, it offers an abundance of different colours that would brighten up any winter garden given the opportunity.
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Adaptive Advantage
To learn more about the art of adaptive advantage, read BCG's ebook on the topic—as well as the following articles: Adaptability: The New Competitive Advantage, Signal Advantage, and People Advantage.Learn More
The Strategy Lab researches and translates business ideas that offer real impact by capturing, developing, and applying cutting-edge thinking from within and beyond business. Working with leading academics, external collaborators, and partners, we explore ideas that will shape the business strategies of tomorrow.
Since BCG's founding in 1963, generating new insights into the sources of competitive advantage has been an integral component of the firm's value to clients.
The Strategy Lab continues this legacy, determined to understand the forces that will come to shape strategy in the decade ahead and push new research forward to address the following fundamental questions:
Your Strategy Needs a Strategy by BCG's Martin Reeves, Knut Haanæs, and Janmejaya SinhaLearn more
To learn more about the art of adaptive advantage, read BCG's ebook on the topic—as well as the following articles: Adaptability: The New Competitive Advantage, Signal Advantage, and People Advantage.Learn More
Companies that have invested in strategies for problem solving secure a long-term competitive advantage.Learn more
To drive efficiency and innovation at the same time, companies need ambidexterity—the ability to explore new avenues as they exploit existing ones.Learn More
Explore this interactive atlas, which provides a guide to the various strategy traps that firms encounter when balancing between exploration and exploitation. The atlas highlights both "sirens" (warning signs) and "lighthouses" (best practices).Learn More
In today's increasingly turbulent business environment, many large companies could benefit from emulating mavericks—small outlier companies that think and act differently from incumbents.Learn More
The initial phase of transformation conserves and frees up resources. The next chapter in a successful transformation involves pivoting to growth and formulating a new strategy, vision, and business model that evolve through adaptive innovation.Learn more
A fresh look at some of BCG's classic thinking on strategy reveals its continued relevance in today's business environment.Learn More


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Pass the fries, frí¤ulein.
Ah, France, mon ami. All sorts of things originated from France – the stethoscope,
hot air balloons, kissing and french fries. Mmm…french fries. Actually, a vocal
few out there in the french fry community say that these tasty potatoes actually
came from Belgium. Belgians and Frenchmen actually argue and fight over the whole
issue. Seriously.
Well, since there's no real way to find out, Game Revolution will just have
to take over both Belgium and France, for the waffles, the French/Belgian
fries, the crepes and the women. When it comes to wars, women and fries, Medal
of Honor: Underground succeeds in 2 of the 3. No fries!
Manon Batiste is a seasoned member of the French resistance. In the first
Medal of Honor, she helped out the OSS and
Lieutenant James Patterson. Now, Manon is in the title role as she partakes
in some missions of her own for the Underground movement.
Medal of Honor: Underground actually takes place before the events
in the first game. The OSS and the Underground movement will recruit you on
a variety of missions to help the war effort. These assignments will take you
around France and even to Africa (a la Casablanca) to battle the Nazis.
Kudos to EA for pushing a female heroine in a historical context without relying on big boobs or super-sleuth skills. It would have been easy to fall into a Lara Croft characterization trap or even make Manon into a Joanna Dark super assassin.
Manon works well as a character and helps draw you into the rich, vibrant
world. Few action games on the market can hold a candle to the detailed historical
accuracy of the MOH games. From the plethora of videos and extensive
mission briefings to the terrific credit sequence (videos of real WWII veterans
who are now grandmothers), it's clear that the developers have done their homework.
The game follows a linear path and sort of guides you towards the goal, with
the mission assignments scattered along the way. There are offshoots here and
there, but I really wanted to see more freedom and a greater sense of a realized
world. Even the larger levels still follow a very linear flow, with too many
locked doors and blocked off entryways. Nonetheless, the levels are still well
designed, particularly when you consider the limited power of the system.
Them damn Nazis are still a force to be reckoned with, but why do they have to feel so scripted? Their AI appears to work within ranges of detection. When you get "noticed" they'll hightail it for the nearest building corner and peer out to shoot you. If you run away, they'll follow, looking for the next building corner to hide behind. It gets a bit redundant, but it ain't too shabby for the PSX.
of wall corners, there's still this strange jerkiness that happens when you
walk into the edges of buildings and most objects. It's like the screen slightly
displaces. This gets pretty annoying when you are trying to zip through the
narrow hallways.
For that matter, the graphics aren't much of an improvement from before. Underground
is pushes the abilities of the Playstation, and as far as a first-person shooter
goes, this will be the best you can get on the aging hardware. But what's the
deal with the daytime missions? Most of the levels in the original game were
at night, which allowed for some fog effects that could hide the pop-up and
graphical glitches. But in the day, that fog won't cut it. How can you explain
it? Desert sand? Spooky brown fog? Go away, fog!
Each finished level nets you a rating based on your performance. You can use
these scores to compel yourself to play levels over until you earn yourself
an "excellent." Ah…play it again, Sam. At the end, all your scores are tallied
together. Perhaps you may even be worthy of the Legion d'honneur.
There are several new features in Underground. You'll have the chance
to work with a CPU controlled buddy, basically a digital comrade that you keep
safe and help out. Not new to the genre, but it still works well. Moving vehicles
have been added, which means you can fight enemies like giant tanks. Then there's
the disguise element. You'll nab a camera, after which you can go prancing about
pretending to be a journalist. If you stop to take a photo of German soldier,
he'll even pose for you. Pull out a gun, though, and he"ll shoot you dead.
The game tends to hold your hand through the missions, with text telling you when to use your action button. This is good because it helps things make sense, but it's also bad because it only pushes that linear feel.
There's lots of quality voice acting between stages and for mission briefings, but the heavy French accents come off as more Pepe Le Peu than Gerard Depardieu. They've kept those great German mutterings from the enemy intact, which ups the realism. Musically, the score is very impressive. Rich and reminiscent of a movie soundtrack, it helps set the atmosphere. And if it isn't your cup of tea, you can just turn it off.
As a follow-up, Medal of Honor: Underground missed my high expectations,
but only because the first one was such a great start. Underground is
relatively on par with the first Medal of Honor, though the limitations
of the hardware keep the game from such intricacies as civilian bystanders,
deeper, more complex AI, and no more brown fog. I guess that's what the planned
PS2 version is for, oui?


text:
The prime factors of 13195 are 5, 7, 13 and 29.
What is the largest prime factor of the number being input, input might be uint64 for large numbers, out must be double precision?
Thank you to Project Euler Problem 3
why it is not accepting the answer ;we cant make such small solutions we are not like professional coder
still something fishy with the 3rd problem, example:
x = uint64(321676750829977632);
num2str(x) -> 321676750829977600
rem(x,10) -> 0
euler003(x) -> 83653987
ok now, it seems this was only an issue with my matlab version (7.7) but was not present in the version running the solvers (which seems to have uint64 arithmetic supported!, man, I need an upgrade...)
You should pass the x values as a string. A double precision number cannot resolve all the digits that one needs to solve the test suite problems:
>> x = 321676750829977632;
>> x == x+1
ans =
I agree that there is an issue with the last test suite problem. passing it as a uint64 would work too.
Yep I got "Error: Out of memory. Type HELP MEMORY for your options." :-)
Find relatively common elements in matrix rows
910 Solvers
237 Solvers
Given a 4x4 matrix, swap the two middle columns
509 Solvers
Relative ratio of "1" in binary number
251 Solvers
496 Solvers


text:
Enagic® Water Uses
Water for drinking, cleaning and beautifying!
For more information about the many uses of your Enagic® water ionizing machine, please call Martha Thomas 210-749-4484
The powerful Enagic water ionizing machines produces up to 5 different types of water. You could spend a lifetime discovering all the useful ways to incorporate these waters into your eco-conscious lifestyle and household. It is fun and easy to learn the properties of each unique water and what they can all do. You will be amazed at the versatility of this one remarkable and cutting-edge Enagic machine.
5 different types of water
Strong Kangen Water (pH 11.0)
Strong Kangen Water preserves hygiene in your daily life due to its strong cleaning effect. It can help with food preparation, cleaning, stain removal, and even washing dishes without the use of harmful chemicals.
Kangen Water® (pH 8.5 - 9.5)
This water is perfect for drinking, cooking, gardening, and so much more! Be kind to your body and hydrate with Kangen Water® every day!
Neutral Water (pH 7.0)
Free of chlorine, rust, and cloudiness, Neutral Water is delicious drinking water that is safe for preparing baby food and taking medications.
Slightly Acidic Water (pH 4.0 - 6.0)
This slightly acidic water is recognized for its astringent effects. It is terrific to use for gentle cleaning, hygienic and beauty care, and even keeping frozen food full of flavor!
Strong Acidic Water (pH 2.5)
This water has excellent cleaning properties. Use Strong Acidic Water to sanitize kitchen utensils and countertops to keep areas safe and clean.
Taste the difference with Kangen Water®.
Change Your Water - Change Your Life!™
Fill out the form below to request information and how you can have your own machine


text:
Dayton-area lawmaker indicted on theft, corruption charges
State representative expected to surrender Friday
A state lawmaker has been indicted on 49 charges of theft, corruption and money laundering after authorities say he used nearly $130,000 in campaign funds for personal use and failed to list campaign expenditures for six years, authorities announced Wednesday.
A warrant was issued for the arrest of Rep. Clayton Luckie, a four-term Dayton Democrat, and authorities say they expect him to surrender and appear in Franklin County court on Friday.
Neither Luckie nor his Columbus attorney, Lloyd Pierre-Louis, returned calls for comment on Wednesday.
Franklin County Prosecutor Ron O'Brien and Cincinnati-based FBI agent Edward Hanko detailed the charges against Luckie at a Columbus news conference, saying that the diverted campaign funds went to Luckie's personal checking accounts.
Luckie isn't seeking re-election next month, but he has said he will finish out his term ending in December.
In an investigation that began 18 months ago, the FBI found that between 2006 and this year, Luckie made nearly 170 ATM withdrawals from those accounts amounting to $19,000 and made more than 800 debit card transactions totaling about $40,000.
The ATM withdrawals included $1,700 at casinos in Indiana, Florida and West Virginia, and debit transactions of $100 to $1,300 at businesses including Nordstrom, Best Buy, a jewelry store and a home furnishings store, according to the indictment.
Twelve of the transactions were identified as money laundering in which the transfers were "designed to hide the source of the funds in an apparent legal financial transaction or to further corrupt activity," according to a news release announcing the charges.
One theft count stems from a $625 check made out to the Ohio Legislative Black Caucus that authorities say Luckie deposited in his personal bank account, rather than turning it over to the group.
The indictment also accuses Luckie of failing to list four separate loans of debts of more than $1,000, including a loan of more than $4,000 for a jet ski, a more than $3,000 loan for a Dayton jewelry store and a $4,000 debt to a roofing company.
Luckie missed legislative votes in September amid the investigation. Though he had been convicted of no crime, Luckie agreed to bow out of the votes in a deal struck by Pierre-Louis and O'Brien.
Democrats currently hold 40 of 99 seats in the Ohio House. O'Brien is a Republican.
In an earlier statement, Luckie said the investigation wasn't related to bribery, but to "errors on some reports that are currently being addressed." He declined to say anything more on the matter "out of respect for the process."
A day after the investigation became public, Luckie announced he wouldn't run again for the 39th House District, which includes much of Dayton. Before becoming a state representative, Luckie spent a decade on the Dayton school board.
Democrats in Montgomery County chose former state legislator Fred Strahorn to replace Luckie on the Nov. 6 ballot. Strahorn, who has served in both the state House and Senate, faces Republican Jeff Wellbaum, an Iraq war veteran from Kettering.
O'Brien's inquiry into Luckie came on the heels of an investigation targeting another state representative who has since resigned and is serving three years in prison.
W. Carlton Weddington, a Columbus Democrat, pleaded guilty in June to charges of bribery, election falsification and filing a false financial disclosure statement after authorities said he took trips and cash in exchange for taking steps to introduce legislation.
Weddington resigned and surrendered to authorities in March.


text:
Key online systems
HRonline is our key system for management of our human resources and employment information. On this system you can:
- view/edit personal details
- view/edit Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) information
- view/edit emergency contact details
- view employment information relating to your position(s) at the University
- enquire on leave balances and leave bookings
- submit for/approve leave bookings and timesheets
- view payslips, payroll deductions and payment summaries
- view/edit bank account details
- view and apply for current vacancies
See IT and computing about setting up HRonline for the first time. For help using HRonline see the help files.
The SuccessFactors system is used to support Probation and PRD processes at the University of Newcastle.
Discover is a new and innovative staff learning and development portal. Find, book and manage courses through the staff learning and development portal.
- register for training courses
- view staff training history
Maximo is used for a range of facilities management requests including:
- maintenance
- relocation
- keys and access cards
- cleaning
You should be able to log into Maximo once you have set up your Uni-ID and password.
17triplezero IT Service Portal
This IT service portal is used for logging of all IT requests. The portal can be used after hours, if your request is not urgent or if you don't have time to wait on the phone. For more information about logging IT requests see reporting issues and IT help.
More online tools
For a full list of online systems see our section in systems and tools. For a list of which accounts you automatically have access to and which ones you need to apply for see IT and computing.


text:
Cecil James Sharp (1859-1924) was England's most prolific folk music and dance collector in what is now widely known as the First Folk Revival. Between the time of Sharp's first serious collecting experience in a Somerset vicarage garden in August 1903, until his death on Midsummer Eve, 1924, he amassed a total of 4,977 tunes in England and North America, many of which were published in various forms in order to promote and revive what was perceived to be a fading part of traditional culture.
Sharp's North American collection is regarded as a landmark in folk music fieldwork and here we are making available online access to Cecil Sharp's only surviving personal diaries in which he describes his collecting experiences in the Appalachian Mountains.
For context, please see Mike Yates' article on the Musical Traditions website or the EFDSS publication Dear Companion for an equally detailed essay on Sharp in America.
The diaries are browsable by following the links below...
(Note that transcriptions of the diaries are now fully searchable. If you tick the box next to 'Sharp diaries' in the pop up box that appears when you type in some search terms then you can search the diaries.)
The BBC have produced and excellent audio slideshow about Cecil Sharp's diaries. Watch now
Many thanks to Cecil Sharp's grandchildren, Briony Jose and Richard Sharp, for allowing the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS) to host the diaries online; to the managers of his estate, Bird & Bird; to Chris Roche and The Shanty Crew for sponsoring the digitisation project, and the Country Dance and Song Society (CDSS) for sponsoring the transcription project.
The transcripts linked to the digital images were researched and made by Dr. Christopher Bearman and edited and prepared for the website by Kate Faulkner MSc MCLIP.
This project is dedicated to the memory and contributions of John M. ("Jack") Langstaff. It has been underwritten by The Ithaka Foundation, The Langstaff family and William L. Ritchie.


text:
The Elephant's Secret Sense: The Hidden Life of the Wild Herds of Africa240
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Yet this grand revelation about the intelligence of wild animals is also a story of the relationship between humans and elephants as neighbors, vying for the same resources of an increasingly crowded continent. For when O'Connell was first contracted by the Namibian government to develop new methods to deter elephants from raiding villagers' crops, she was unprepared for what she would encounter -- political upheaval, tribal disputes, inhumane poachers, and a fundamentally ineffective approach to wildlife conservation. Despite these setbacks, she came to know and love each of the fascinating, unique elephants under her watchful eye, while at the same time witnessing a change in attitude and policy, providing hope for the elephant's future.
An unforgettable journey of scientific discovery, The Elephant's Secret Sense takes you deep into the wilds of Namibia, from the tops of isolated, desert observation towers to the jaws and claws of ravenous lions to aerial expeditions and dusty highways, where the naturalists do their difficult work in a troubled land threatened by expanding human populations and unstable politics. Resonant with the powerful calls of the mysterious elephant, this is a story about the resilience of nature and the inspiring, astonishing, and often heartbreaking places where humans and wild animals come together.
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Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.
I always hate to leave Etosha, but it was early August and the winds were picking up. It was time to pack up the site and head north. Sitting in the back of my truck, I looked through my binoculars at the scrubby horizon dappled with giraffe necks, trying to work up the energy to get my equipment organized when I heard a thick, leathery, swishing sound right next to me. I looked up to see 100 tons of pachyderm pass by, almost tiptoeing, heads bobbing in their Nordic Track-style gait. It was Broken Ear and her family, a group of twenty elephants, headed purposefully toward the water.
I noted when Broken Ear arrived and watched as her family assembled around the water. Being the matriarch, Broken Ear occupied the outflow of the artesian well, which was controlled in the dry season to sustain the large number of animals that depended on it to get through this difficult period. The dominant elephant always got the best water.
Broken Ear took a few long draws, rolling up her trunk and placing the water far back in her mouth, head tipped up. A few splashes escaped back into the pool. The howling gusts of wind had stopped, so I could hear the intermittent trickling of water escaping thirsty mouths. They were returning to the waterhole after their visit had been cut short the day before by the arrival of another family group led by a very intolerant matriarch that I called Collar.
Once the little ones had had their fill, they started to play. Young elephants are just as mischievous as lion cubs, always testing their boundaries with adults and jockeying for rank with siblings and other relatives. They stood at the pan's edge, knee-high in water, and tipped over onto their sides to make as much contact with the mud as possible. Then they began to wallow, swatting at each other with their wet-noodle trunks. Their mouths were turned up in what seemed to me like smiles as they wailed and cavorted in the water. The mothers merely looked on and continued drinking.
Reluctant to break camp, I savored the moment. I jealously guarded my visits to this splendid waterhole that the Owambo people called Mushara, after a tree common to this sandy forested habitat, or sandveld, a large terminalia with papery magenta pods (Terminalia prunoides). Mushara is located in the eastern corner of Etosha National Park, Namibia, one of a few waterholes restricted to the public, with the added benefit of having a protected cement lookout, which provided me with a great vantage for my elephant studies. I had a few other favorite waterholes where I would sleep, either in the back of my truck or in a hide. But I had developed a special bond with Mushara because of its remoteness and the number of elephants visiting on a daily basis. As much as I enjoyed the isolation, I was conscious of its potentially negative effect on my preception of reality. I was looking forward to being clean again, having not been able to shower for more than a week, but I was also dragging my feet about leaving the tranquility.
I was not looking forward to returning to my life in the north of the country, the Caprivi, where, despite its remote location, an exhausted community game guard might knock at my door at any minute, having bicycled 12 miles in the heat to assuage the anger of his fellow villagers to report another incident of a crop-raiding elephant. I would miss the elephants of Mushara, which were more isolated from the threats of war and civilization, and head to a place where they were different animals altogether. Many elephants in the Caprivi were still reeling from a war-torn past, exposed to land mines, automatic weapons, and poaching, partly to feed the hungry Angolan soldiers for the last twenty years. And at Mushara, I, too, could be a different person.
I first came to Etosha National Park in 1992, contracted by the Namibian Ministry of Environment and Tourism to study elephant movements, demography, ecology, behavior, and interactions with humans. My partner, Tim, and I were stationed in the Caprivi region of Namibia. This "day job" allowed us to spend our winters in Etosha, where Tim would analyze the movement data he collected from nine elephants fitted with satellite and radio collars while I would have the luxury of focusing solely on elephant communication and behavior. I hoped to use that research to help farmers in the Caprivi to prevent elephants from raiding their crops, which sometimes amounted to a whole year's worth of food consumed in one fell swoop.
It was during these off-seasons of my initial three-year contract that I was able to spend countless hours by myself watching elephants at Mushara waterhole. I spent most of my time in the hide, a 10-foot-square cement bunker 33 feet from the water, with about 7 feet of its height buried in the ground and a pillbox slit facing the waterhole. It afforded a splendid view of elephants at close range but was very limited in terms of an overall picture of the negotiations made around the perimeter as to which herd was going to enter the clearing and when. But it allowed me to be closer to the action, and it was safe from lions or even a curious bull wanting to investigate the back of the truck. Once inside, however, I was committed for the night. It was me and my empty peanut butter jar, a makeshift but highly valued chamber pot in the bush.
I stayed in the dank bunker for as long as physically possible, usually about a week at a time. The isolation allowed me to reflect on the elephants' natural rhythms and to notice many behavioral patterns that had never been previously documented. These patterns formed the basis of my thinking for the next fifteen years of my career as a scientist. Eventually, once I learned to slow my own sense of time, adapting it to the deliberate, meditative pace of an elephant, I started to understand the patterns I had been observing.
Occasionally, Broken Ear would turn herself in a particular direction and freeze, sometimes with ears flat against her head and sometimes with ears held out, looking like a satellite dish, scanning the horizon. As she scanned, she seemed to cue the other adults to follow her lead. When she alerted the others to pay attention, they all oriented in the same direction, froze again, sometimes with ears flat, leaning forward, one front foot propped up on the toenails. Other times, they extended their ears, sometimes keeping toenail contact with the ground, sometimes lifting one front foot completely off the ground, swinging it front to back. It's not surprising that the matriarch would be wary at the waterhole and that she would be using her ears to try to detect any unusual sound, but what were these elephants doing with their feet?
I scanned the horizon and saw a large bull heading in on the southwest elephant trail, about a half mile away, ears fanning as he lumbered along. The vigilant cows shifted positions, several of them facing in the direction of the incoming bull. But their ears were not outstretched in a listening position. Could they have sensed his approach through the ground?
I became very familiar with this particular way that elephants seemed to be listening with their feet. My curiosity grew as I watched an elephant assume a position with its ears flat against its head, occasionally accompanied by leaning, with a foot lift or toenail contact. It was known that these animals used their ears like a parabola, scanning back and forth while remaining still to listen to low-frequency sounds from other distant elephants, but I had never read any studies describing an elephant's ears positioned flat against its head while freezing and listening.
Other scientists had thought that the leaning behavior was a resting position and foot swinging an act of indecisiveness. This is probably the case some of the time, but there were also some times where it appeared as if the elephants were actually using their feet to sense something in the ground. After seeing these behaviors, I would notice the arrival of a new herd or a lone bull or an approaching vehicle. When more than one elephant engaged in this freezing/leaning/shifting at the same time, it seemed as if the whole herd were using their feet to detect a signal.
I knew about the process of listening through limbs, which is found elsewhere in the natural world. Before signing on with the Namibian government, I had studied this phenomenon -- known scientifically as seismic communication -- in insects. In a sense, I was only going from the very small to the very large, having spent endless hours in a small soundproof chamber recording the seismic love songs of a unique group of Hawaiian planthoppers. It may be hard to understand my fascination, but I observed some extraordinary behaviors occurring on a little koa twig rigged to a gramophone stylus -- behaviors that seemed very similar to those of these elephants.
When I would play the female planthopper's seismic call through the twig, the male would immediately press its weight down and would sometimes even lift up a leg or two, then inch forward, responding with its own seismic call, then freeze again, "listening" and perhaps attempting to locate the dummy female. I never could have imagined it sitting in that booth, but these little planthoppers and their extraordinary songs handed me a hypothesis for elephants that was so unexpected and controversial, I found myself occupied with the challenge of proving it over the course of the next decade.
Since many other species are known to transmit their vocalizations either through the ground or some surface such as a plant, it was not a completely ridiculous proposition that elephants might do the same. Many scholars have described how insects and other arthropods communicate by striking the ground or by coupling their vocalizations with a substrate. Other more complex animals such as fish, amphibians, lizards, snakes, and even crocodiles exploit this form of communication, too. However, the only mammals in which the mechanism has been well documented are small rodents such as the blind mole rat, the kangaroo rat, and the golden mole (though there is evidence that elephant seals may also share this skill).
Seismic communication may sound complicated, but it simply means a sound wave used for communication that travels within the surface of the ground as opposed to the air. Although it seems stiff, the earth is actually elastic. Tossing a stone across its surface, for example, would cause it to ripple, just like the surface of water. These surface ripples can be imagined on a larger scale such as in the case of earthquakes.
On a much smaller scale, surface waves from the slightest bouncing up and down of a hungry spider at the edge of her trap become a dinner bell. Similarly, a plant stem supports the same types of waves for a lonely planthopper looking for a mate. I discovered that the earth also acts as a sounding board for the elephant. But I knew it was going to be difficult to be certain and then convince others in my field that a large terrestrial mammal might be communicating seismically.
The concept isn't all that different from a person putting an ear to the railroad tracks to listen for a distant train, literally keeping an ear to the ground. It was illustrated in the movie Dances with Wolves when Kevin Costner listened to the ground to feel the tremors from a stampede of distant tatonka or American bison, a technique used by Native Americans to prepare for a hunt. Or, for Lord of the Rings fans, Aragorn putting his head to the rock to listen for the distant thumping feet of the fearsome Urukai as they bore Merry and Pippin away to Isengard.
A student of a Native American tracker once told me that in order to feel the pressure waves from the heartbeats of their enemies, the Apaches would hold the hairs on the backs of their fingers up to the windows of their enemies' houses. That's pretty subtle stuff. However, maybe it is not so subtle a sense for those who have a real use for it. There are institutes for the hearing impaired, for example, with special wooden dance floors designed to facilitate the hearing of music through feet.
Since all primates have the ability to detect vibrations through specially adapted pressure receptors in the hands, feet, and lips, among other places, it's not at all surprising that we have the ability to detect vibrations. If we really paid attention, or perhaps if those vibrations were a more important source of our long-distance communication, we would doubtlessly be able to detect vibrations much more acutely. In a quieter era, low-frequency drums or instruments like the didgeridoo might very well have been an important means for sending a message to a distant receiver through the ground. For those who need this communication channel, such as the hearing impaired, the area of the brain that processes touch, the somatosensory cortex, can even take over the function of the auditory cortex, providing that much more area dedicated to vibration detection.
For the elephants in the wild, I was beginning to think that perhaps seismic signals played an important role in their complex communication repertoire. Perhaps they, too, had honed their skills at detecting vibrations to better interpret their world.
The looming bull came and went. He was old and in musth, with all the telltale signs of this hormonal state: a sappy secretion streamed from his temporal glands and he dribbled urine, which left a sheen of crusty green algae around his penis sheath. He did the rounds, searching for an estrus female. With each, he would test the cow's vulva with his trunk, inspect any urine patch in the sand, and roll his trunk tip to the back of his mouth to reach the duct leading to the vomeronasal organ, a special hormone-sensing structure that let him know if a female was in heat. With mouth wide open, he looked like a dirty old man, testing the tannins of the progesterone equivalent of red wine with his flehmen grimace. Nothing smelled interesting, so he sauntered off.
At this point, Broken Ear also decided it was time to leave. She stopped drinking and stepped away from the waterhole. She oriented toward her destination, emitted one long, low rumble, and waited there. Although two others rumbled in response, nobody appeared to make a move, and after standing still for about thirty seconds, she repeated her "let's go" rumble. After several of these rumbles, a few of the other cows finally decided to address this call to action and slowly lined up behind her. The group then meandered off to another foraging spot.
I watched Broken Ear and her family disappear into the tree line and then returned to my packing, occasionally scanning the horizon for possible new visitors. After coiling some wires and packing up my camera equipment, I watched a dust devil on the horizon and tried to decide whether it was going to blow through camp. While my eyes followed its course, I suddenly caught sight of a chalky gray mass lurking in the bush just beyond the waterhole clearing.
It was a new herd, consisting of a young matriarch and most likely her two younger sisters and their calves. They stood there for the better part of an hour, smelling the air with their trunks held high, mouths agape with anxiety, pitting thirst against caution. Could she have been waiting for Broken Ear to leave? I hadn't noticed that Broken Ear was not amenable to sharing her waterhole visits. Except for Collar, so named because she wore a satellite and radio collar as part of a movement study conducted by park researchers, elephants in this remote region of the park seemed to be accustomed to sharing their waterhole visits with at least one other herd. It was clear that no elephant wanted to contest Collar's challenges, not even by sneaking around to the overflow of the well that formed a flat pan of water.
Collar spent many of her visits simply holding off other elephants so that her family could have sole access to the water. Because of her tenacity, I often wondered how she managed to get enough to drink. And what had happened to her that she would view sharing as a threat when other herds appeared to have adapted to the routine? Another collared elephant in my more recent studies displayed similar behavior and became known as the "Collared Bitch" by my colleagues, who were most entertained by her defensiveness. Eventually, I decided that she needed a kinder name and began to call her Margaret Thatcher. It appeared that she was simply acting in the best interests of her family.
Seeing this new herd's reluctance to approach the water with a strange vehicle parked near the edge, I began to think that perhaps I was the cause for concern. At this point at the end of winter, most elephants in this lonely eastern region of the park would have seen the truck at some time during the season. Maybe these were stragglers from the west where all the natural pans had dried up.
They continued to wave their trunks high in the air as they stood in a tight cluster. I was upwind of them. An elephant, knowing the scent of humans, must have smelled me but probably did not see me. Otherwise, the matriarch would have shaken her head at me, objecting to my presence by flapping her large ears to make a loud cracking sound.
The herd finally got the courage to break out into the open in a hurried, stiff-bodied cluster, calves under bellies. A lingering dust plume hung in the still air behind them. Once they arrived at the waterhole, they spread out, rinsed the dust from their trunks with a scoop of water skimmed from the surface, and sprayed it out in front of them before starting to drink. It must have been a long time since they had had any water.
They were an unusually small group for this region of the park. The matriarch was relatively young, probably in her late twenties, judging by her overall appearance, height, skin condition, and the quality of her ears. Elephants are born with wrinkly skin and get even more wrinkled as they age. Their skin thins and gets more delicate, their hips and shoulders tend to show more, the temporal region just under their forehead sinks in, and some of the older cows even appear to grow longer rather than taller. Their ears get more frayed at the edges, some with large holes or slits. Some older matriarchs even have a "broken" or bent ear, where the cartilage at the top gets damaged over the course of up to sixty years of long-distance travels.
Although tusks are often used by researchers to identify individuals, they were a difficult characteristic in Etosha to count on, because a mineral deficiency in the soil caused them to break easily. None of the elephants there had very impressive tusks. Still, shape was helpful, particularly if one was missing or was unusually long or splayed.
As the afternoon began to slip away, I no longer had the energy for the tedious task of unearthing the buried microphone cables, packing up the rest of my gear, and getting ready to leave. Besides, I didn't like to be out walking around the waterhole alone in the late afternoon with so many lions in the area. Nor did I want to drive in the dark unless I absolutely had to. So it wasn't hard to convince myself to spend one more night at the site with the ever-enticing thought that another recording session would be the best yet.
It was an affliction of the occupation, wanting to record just one more breeding herd's vocal interaction as the elephants left the waterhole, or an aggressive encounter between a breeding herd and a rhino, or a lion roar, or an aggressive bout between two male rhinos. Perhaps this was the night that the hyenas would hunt down a kudu, loping around the waterhole with their demonic giggling after the terrified young buck. Or, if I was especially lucky, I might even record an elephant warning call that I could test out in the Caprivi farmers' fields to see if it would scare off crop-raiders. I had come to love recording the sounds of the African night, so it didn't take much convincing.
Often there was a sign just before something worth recording took place. If a jackal stumbled upon a lion, for example, it would rend the night with a sharp staccato barking that was very different from the normal undulating howls that jackals made in chorus. It was almost as if they were barking, "Lion! Lion! Lion! Ra, ra, ra. Lion! Lion! Lion!" Or, if you were vigilant and the lion was close by, you could hear a soft moan just before the lion initiated a full roaring session. There was enough of a gap between this noise and the real vocalization that I was usually able to turn the recorder on in time to capture a complete sequence of roars.
Having decided to stay, I turned my attention back to the waterhole. When the young matriarch began to leave, she stepped away from the water and rumbled softly. There was a return rumble and then another. From previous observations, I found that the time between the initiation of a "let's go" rumble and actual departure seemed to vary from moments to up to a half hour, depending on the herd's motivation level given a particular situation and what could only be attributed to the authority of the matriarch. This one was obviously more effective than Broken Ear at rallying the troops by getting a reply and a reaction so quickly. The rest of the herd reluctantly lined up behind her and slowly moved off in patchy single file, disappearing into the bush at the edge of the clearing.
The coordinated vocalizations that occurred during departure from a waterhole were very well synchronized, with little or no gap between them, as if the elephants were trying to create a single, continuous repeated call. I always took careful notes on these interactive calls during departure because I thought they might have some significance. Were the elephants specifically trying to create a longer signal, one that might be more easily detectable over long distances? And would it also facilitate better reception through the ground?
After this group left, I sat in the quiet late afternoon light, enjoying the stillness of the air and the waterhole with no animals present. I knew it wouldn't last though, so I didn't let myself linger too long before preparing for nightfall.
I packed up the back of my truck and prepared to descend into my nighttime recording station and sleeping quarters. While I was in the middle of settling in, two middle-aged bulls meandered in from opposite directions, both looking like they had come up from the southwest of the park. Elephants from that area were always easily identified because they were covered in a powdery white calcrete and looked like ghosts rising up from the horizon. Another sign that the season was changing -- the eles were on the move.
Because bulls typically spend a great deal of time at the waterhole, I had to make sure that I had finished preparing everything I could before they arrived or else I would be stuck for hours without my recording equipment. As these two approached, they saw me walking to and from the vehicle. I purposefully stood outside the hide until they reached the edge of the water. I wanted them to feel comfortable with my presence so that I could continue to finish burying the wires behind the hide. Since I wasn't observing bull interactions at the time, I wasn't worried about my effect on their behavior.
I was slowly recognizing a few of the bulls and started to feel like they were my custodians, their presence providing me with protection against the unknown in the darkness of the night. These silent giants became a great solace to me, particularly the older ones and one very distinctive-looking one with huge wide-splayed tusks and a gentle manner. I wasn't alone here. Even when I lay awake at 2:00 A.M. listening to their slow and contemplative drinking, I felt like somehow we were keeping each other company, like they knew I was awake, listening. And although I had never read about bulls emitting vocalizations in the context of leaving, sure enough, often when a few old bulls left the water at night, they made a long, low rumble, one starting the chorus and another ending it, as if to say goodbye to their mysterious companion, though I knew full well they were talking to each other.
The bulls usually released some flatulence prior to the rumble, so the "let's go" included a high-pitched clapping sound before the very low rumble, probably because of the energy required to emit this powerful low-frequency call. These bulls would emit several rumbles while heading off into the bush to spend the rest of the wee hours dozing and foraging. Or sometimes a single bull would call repeatedly into the silence, and sure enough, a herd would arrive at the waterhole a short while later. It was as if he were signaling that the coast was clear, or perhaps it was a musth rumble but at the time, I didn't really know the true nature of this call, just that it was correlated with the arrival of a family.
The bulls tolerated my presence, as long as I kept to the far side of the hide, but I moved more carefully now, knowing that at any moment they could decide to be less gracious about sharing their space with me. The bull elephant is the most powerful animal in the bush, the true king of the jungle. I wanted to foster the benevolent dictator side of the beasts, as I knew that a tyrant could lie dormant just below the surface.
After I finished setting up and closed myself into the hide, the bulls decided to leave. It was as if they were entertained by my presence and now the show was over. Before going, however, they slowly approached, sniffing around the narrow pillbox slit, and along the sand I had shoveled over the wires. In general, they were only this curious during my first visits to the site or if they sensed that something was different, like when I had to reconfigure my setup or leave the site. Any other time, they usually ignored me.
One bull inspected the rock cairn that protected my microphone while the other stuck his trunk just inside the slit to smell me. He was very tentative, not wanting to risk damage to his trunk. Inches away from me, two hairy, dripping lips hovered inquisitively and sniffed heavily, scanning back and forth like an alien in a B horror movie. I held my flashlight tightly, prepared to tap the prehensile periscope away if necessary.
I often felt that if I did not allow them to explore the equipment, they would become resentful of this intrusion on their space and take it out on the microphone. I was only a guest at their bar and bathhouse, after all. Perhaps an anthropomorphic sentiment for a scientist, but it seemed like the appropriate thing to do, and so far it worked. Sure enough, after satisfying their curiosity, the bulls sauntered off.
Eventually, more elephants arrived, this time the very large extended family led by Left Tusker. They approached the waterhole boldly, parading into the arena bathed in the peachy pink splendor of the setting sun. There were thirty-five individuals in this herd, most likely two bond units made up of several families, including a tiny baby that did not yet have control of its trunk. They all hurriedly lined up to drink, except for the little one, which swung its head, trying to get momentum into its dangling, flaccid appendage. Futilely trying to imitate the others in the dexterous use of their trunks, the little one seemed confused that this thing would do nothing but swing uselessly in front of its face. Meanwhile, the mother kept a very close watch, tucking the baby under her belly every time it tried to stray in the direction of a young cousin.
An elephant's trunk is an extraordinary organ, containing more than one hundred thousand muscles, giving it remarkable agility. The San, or bushmen, with whom we worked in the Caprivi call the trunk a hand, because it is so precise in its movements and its ability to grasp. However, this little one's "hand" was effectively a lifeless, hanging arm, paralyzed from the elbow down; the ability to control its limb would develop in another month or so. In the meantime, the baby kept pushing it forward by moving its head forward, causing a pendulum effect down the length of the trunk. In frustration, it would then start swinging the trunk in circles, whacking itself with its limp propeller.
It suckled a while with trunk hanging to the side, just next to its mother's front knee. (A nursing elephant is an incongruous sight because the mother's teats are located in the chest area. It always reminds me of the elephant's close relative, the dugong, whose head and voluptuous chest poking up through the long sea grass led to the tales of mermaids.) The baby then dropped to its knees, trying to reach the water by bouncing its head up and down to get its yo-yo to touch the surface. The poor thing finally reached just a little too far and kurplunk -- it fell like a rock into the trough, surfacing with a shockingly bloodcurdling scream.
The screaming engaged the emergency excavation crew, where aunts and sisters probed at the trough with stiff trunks, trying to scoop out the thrashing baby, while mother held the rubbernecking crowd of youngsters at bay. They eventually fished the baby out, and it stood soaking wet, sulking under its mother's belly.
Perhaps because of the baby, the herd was very anxious and wouldn't settle down after the unexpected dip. Herds are always especially wary when a new baby arrives, as it is particularly vulnerable to lion attacks. Once, in the Caprivi, we witnessed the aftermath of lions isolating a young bull out on the open floodplain in front of our hut. He had strayed just far enough from the herd to be in peril and paid the price that day with his life.
Most young bulls seemed to know the exact distance where they could feel safe from danger yet separated enough from the herd to seem liberated. This was especially evident when watching the arrival or departure of a herd at a waterhole. A preadolescent bull would often parade out in front and be the first to arrive at the water, sometimes demonstrating his dominance to the rest of the animal kingdom by chasing off all the other animals, even if only a flock of guinea fowl. He was also the last to leave, lagging just far enough behind to seem independent. But if he pushed it too far, he generally realized the error of his ways and panicked, running, trumpeting, and bellowing off after his family. Back in the security of the herd, he tucked in quietly, looking almost embarrassed, as if he had nothing to do with the previous scene. Herds seemed so familiar with this routine that they appeared unfazed by these riotous outbursts.
Once elephant bulls reach about age twelve, however, the matriarch and the other adult cows lose patience with these antics and unsolicited sexual advances. They kick the adolescent males out of the herd, where they are forced to develop new relationships with other bulls or roam on their own with other occasional companions. It was always clear who the dominant bulls were in these bachelor groups by the response of the other bulls at the waterhole. Upon their arrival, all the others would step backward some distance, clearing the way for the dominant male to have room at the head of the outflow, the freshest water. Once he got into position, the younger males would take their turn approaching him, placing their trunk in his mouth before repositioning themselves down the line. It was like watching mafiosi paying respects to the don. The older bulls, however, would just look on and drink, as if to pay their respects with a nod rather than the more supplicating action of the trunk greeting.
By the time the younger males are old enough to enter into the bull society, they are usually too big for lions to contend with unless they are sick. It's difficult to imagine that lions could penetrate a whole herd of breeding elephants to get to a baby, but at the end of my last field season at Mushara, we saw the possible remains of exactly that. Tim drove up from Okaukuejo late in the morning to help me pack up my site, and just as we were leaving, a young cow approached the water with something dangling between her legs. We watched as she waded into the water to wash herself, swinging her front leg back and forth between her hind legs to flush out the placenta. Her brow was wrinkled and her eyes turned down as if in great distress. If her baby was alive, there was no way she would have left it behind.
After washing herself, she slowly headed back into the bush. We tried to follow her, far enough behind so as not to upset her, but then the bush got too thick and we eventually gave up. We wanted to solve the mystery. Was she heading back to her dead baby? Did she fall behind the herd while giving birth and the baby was taken by lions? We would never know, although it wasn't normal for a herd to leave a birthing mother alone. Usually, the whole family made a circle around the mother and waited for the baby to be born; and a baby elephant is born to run, so there isn't much waiting around afterward.
The elephant herd at the waterhole was now radiant and almost cartoon pink in the light of the setting sun. But they were agitated. In fact, I had never seen a herd so nervous. I had settled into the bunker for the night and couldn't see behind me, so I couldn't tell what was upsetting them, but there was clearly something.
My suspicions were confirmed. A small herd of gemsbok (oryx) reached the edge of the clearing and remained there, stamping their feet and snorting in objection to something in the bush behind me. I wanted to lift the heavy iron hatch of the bunker to check, but it would have made too much noise and I did not want to scare the elephants. I set up my video camera on a tripod and let it run.
Finally, seemingly out of nowhere, the matriarch bellowed. It was a deep, low, urgent rumble, the most impressive call I had recorded to date. After three such calls, she turned and fled, leaving the rest of the herd screaming and trumpeting behind her, the little ones trying to keep up, tails straight out, trunks flying. Not much of a coordinated departure this time.
Several minutes later, they reached the edge of the clearing, and then the waterhole went silent again. The twilight filtered through the thick cloud of dust hovering about a meter above the ground. I sat there in awe, waiting for an explanation. The pan was now a brilliant red, too dark to film, so I turned off the video but left the tape recorder running.
Meanwhile, a covey of double-banded sand grouse trickled in and filled the edge of the flat pan, the spillover from the trough, stashing precious droplets in their feathers to take back to their nests. I sat and took in the still but melodious scene as more and more grouse spilled in. There was something else out there. The feeling was palpable.
If you are very focused, you can sometimes smell lion. It's a kind of thick, leathery smell, similar to a buffalo but more musty. I don't know whether I wanted to smell them or whether I really did, but I knew there must have been some lions sitting at the edge of the clearing behind me. I waited for something to happen as the grouse had their fill and left behind an unsettling silence.
The answer to the mystery was soon revealed with an overpowering roar that pounded on my chest and quickened my heart with each bellow. Then came a reply from the adjacent corner, and then a volley of heaving roars as the two cats approached the water. I got out our government-issue Zeiss low-light binoculars and scanned the area, waiting, frozen in my stance, marveling at how assaulted I felt by the tremendous pressure waves of their roars. The chorus crescendoed. I knew I would get a fantastic recording.
Suddenly there was silence again. Then I heard the telltale sign of a large predator at the waterhole: the slow beating of a weighty tongue as it laps at the surface of the water. I heard it off in the distance, and then there was another, even closer lapping. Finally, I could see them: two young males sporting barely respectable manes, but they were very large, and they meant business. I settled in, excited at the prospect of the amazing recording I would capture from this potentially active night. But eventually, overcome with the exhaustion of waiting, I passed out.
I awoke early the next morning to the sounds of vultures bickering at the waterhole. Groggy and stiff, I shielded my eyes from the blinding light of the outside world and peered through the slit. It was a gruesome sight. Vultures lined the water's edge, sticky with blood; more were perched in a tree at the edge of the clearing, and two marabou storks adorned an adjacent tree. There was not another animal in sight.
I climbed up the ladder of the bunker and carefully slid open the heavy manhole cover so as not to upset the resident geckos. Standing on top, scanning the clearing with my binoculars, I could see more vultures directly behind me. No sign of the lions but the remains of their dinner, a young male gemsbok, was plainly visible. At this point, the only thing left to identify him were his horns and the black and white socks still left on his ankles. The rest was bone.
Knowing that the lions must still be in the vicinity -- they wouldn't stray far from a kill or the water -- I did not want to pull in the wiring from the waterhole without the truck, so I started to pack up the other equipment. I carried a big stick as I walked over to the truck to bring it closer to the hide. Since I had not expected to stay another night, I hadn't charged all of my recorder batteries the day before and had to tap into the truck battery to record the lion roars. One turn of the ignition made it clear that the battery was dead. I took the solar panel out of the back of the truck, placed it at an angle on the hood using a rock, and attached the battery. Judging from the sound of the alternator, it would take a few hours to charge.
While waiting, I pulled up the wiring between the hide and the truck, keeping careful watch for the lions. They were probably resting their gorged stomachs in the shade at the edge of the clearing somewhere, so I took comfort in knowing that they wouldn't want to bother with me in that condition. I still kept an eye out as I packed up the rest of the equipment.
When the battery was fully charged, I put the last few bags into the back of the truck and the recording equipment in the front. I jotted down some last notes on recording improvements I could make for the following season. I wanted to see if the low-frequency, high-amplitude acoustic rumbles that elephants made were capable of moving through the ground as well, which might explain the curious behaviors I had been documenting.
I had a lot to learn about recording sound in the ground. I knew that seismologists used a geophone to measure earthquakes, which worked pretty much like a condenser microphone with a magnet and coil. The movement of the earth moved the magnet and coil, which generated a voltage that scaled with the strength of the signal. But how many geophones would I need and how expensive were they? And how would I amplify the signal? With very little access to lines of communication with the United States, it was going to be all the more difficult to develop a discourse with potential colleagues in a field about which I knew very little. I could see Mount Everest standing in front of me, but I was still excited about the possibilities.
I said my good-byes to Mushara and headed north, back to the Caprivi. It was a long eight-hour stretch with not much distraction to stay awake, other than the sudden shock of a herd of cattle sitting in the middle of the road while barreling toward them at 75 mph or a lone kudu leaping out in front of the truck. Needless to say, it was much safer to travel the country by daylight than by night, but that wasn't always possible.
And yet the eight hours was barely enough to transition from my solitude in the semidesert expanses of Etosha to the green and lush but tumultuous Caprivi. Our supervisor, Jo Tagg, liked to call the Caprivi "God's Country." And yet he'd say that survival there required "honing one's ironic distance," essentially meaning that you needed to get good at not letting anything affect you at any level.
The Caprivi had been a war zone not just between humans but between humans and nature, and farmers were pitted against the elephant in a battle for survival. The tragedy was that its striking beauty went unrecognized by those who could make a difference and was voraciously consumed by the rest.
Copyright © 2007 by Caitlin O'Connell
Table of Contents
1 Listening Through Limbs
2 The Caprivi
3 Wet Season Elephant Wars
4 Making Sense of the Elephant
5 Tiptoeing Elephants
6 The Dry Season
7 The Mother of All Elephants
8 Elephants on the Move
9 Cracking Elephant Morse Code
10 Ivory Ghosts
11 The Wheels of Conservation
12 Donna the Dancer
13 Back to Mushara in Style
14 Keeping an Ear to the Ground
15 Wynona's Last Stand
16 The Gentlemen's Club
17 The Sails of Mushara


text:
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text:
[Hook: Masspike Miles]
I put the "b" in "banger"
Used to getting money
Now you know I'm no stranger to the hustle
I'm strapped up like a raider from the tomb
Force with my platoon
I do shit you boys don't do
I'm known in the streets as a nigga that done did it
Put infrared beams on your fitted
Trust me, you can get it
Nigga, you can get it
Throw the handle back and watch the motherfucker bang, bang, bang
[Verse 1: Cassidy]
If I'm not the best, nigga, then I got next
Cause I talk that shit like a nigga with hot breath
You niggas not threats, them things'll bang in
Things could change if you never got shot yet
I'm quick to bust, like a man that never got sex
But you don't get the message, like a blind man that got text
I used to love to box, until I shot Tecs
Now I never brawl, like a broad that ain't got breasts
I'm not press, I don't wanna talk
Man, my motherfucking gun'll spark and make a nigga somersault
I'll shoot the damn thing and make a nigga handspring
Or I'll spark steel and make a nigga cartwheel
Matter of fact, clap the gat, turn him to an acrobat
Have the cat flip around before I put the pistol down
Your lame mouth which you better keep my name out
I ain't in a gang, I don't bang, I just banged out
[Verse 2: Styles P]
I'm back out riding
Gun at your head, bullet the center like Bonham
Shotgun with the shotgun seat reclining
I pop up on niggas
Let it off, close shop up on niggas
Infection, stay in the cut on niggas
I'm in a whole nother section
I could look in the mirror, my reflection
Moves like Inception
Extraordinary gentleman, what more could I say?
Got the picture in the cut, like Dorian Gray
I'm a shooter like Allan Quartermain, I give you more than pain
First page in the hard nigga Hall of Fame
Duane Darock on the beat
SP the Ghost, I make it pop on the streets
Probably in the spot for a week
One eye open, with the Glock on a sleeve
[Verse 3: Chubby Jag]
I let the thing blam, they call me the Rain Man
I'm out of bullets, get 'em hung, nigga, Hang Man
You get me, hang it up; there's problems, I flame it up
Bang it up, snap back, long t, banger tucked
Yup, my block pitching, yeah I got pigeons
I'm into cooking, I fuck with bitches that got kitchens
If I can't find Jordan, then I'll rob Pippen
I leave 'em bloody and skin red, like Rob Griffin
Home real spit, the shotty blast, you gon' see the body bags
Men in black, no Will Smith
Real shit, used to grind and we still grind
Beefing with the grill time, full metal, steel time
Niggas getting stole on trying to steal mine
Cock pack, peel mine
Tape 'em up, real time
Jump you, the mask on and Berettas bang
Sound clear, holmes? Out here, we gonna let it bang
Cassidy does gymnastics, Styles gets his 19th century literature game on, and Chubby Jag watches some 90's movies


text:
Code of Conduct
As members of the Eclipse community, we pledge to respect all people who contribute through reporting issues, posting feature requests, updating documentation, submitting code reviews, pull requests, patches, and other activities.
We are committed to making participation in the Eclipse community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of level of experience, gender, gender identity and expression, sexual orientation, disability, personal appearance, body size, race, ethnicity, age, religion or analogous grounds.
Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include the use of sexual language or imagery, derogatory comments or personal attacks, trolling, public or private harassment, insults, or other unprofessional conduct.
Eclipse Foundation staff have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct. Project leaders, committers and contributors who do not follow the Code of Conduct may be removed from the project.
This code of conduct applies within an Eclipse project spaces, or in public spaces when an individual is representing the project or the Eclipse community.
Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be reported by emailing the Eclipse Management Organization: firstname.lastname@example.com.
This Code of Conduct is adapted from the Contributor Covenant (http://contributor-covenant.org), version 1.1.0, available at http://contributor-covenant.org/version/1/1/0/


text:
Testimonydata.commerce.gov | Last Updated 2015-03-25T20:59:37.000Z
Documents relating to testimony to Congress or congressional committees made by OIG, on issues of congressional inquiry.
Semi-Annual Reports to Congressdata.commerce.gov | Last Updated 2015-03-25T20:59:37.000Z
Semi-annual reports issued in April and September of each year summarized the activities of the Office during the immediately preceding six-month periods ending March 31 and September 30. Reports include descriptions of programs and operations of Commerce deficiencies identified with significant recommendations on which corrective actions has not been completed.
System and Method for Providing Vertical Profile Measurements of Atmospheric Gasesdata.commerce.gov | Last Updated 2015-03-25T20:59:37.000Z
A system and method for using an air collection device to collect a continuous air sample as the device descends through the atmosphere are provided. The air collection device may be one or more coils of thin-walled elongated hollow tubing having a small interior diameter. The thin-walled elongated hollow tubing may be of a substantially nonreactive and nonabsorptive material such as stainless steel. A valve or the like controls the flow of air into and out of the tubing with one of the ends of the tubing closed and the other of the ends open at the beginning or end of the ascent and closed substantially at the end of the descent to seal the continuous air sample in the air collection device. The air collection device may be insulated and have cushioning. Once the continuous air sample is collected in the air collection device, it is analyzed to determine the presence and mole fraction of trace gases at different altitudes in the atmosphere. A high resolution continuous vertical profile of the trace gas may be created. The air collection device may also be used to store a sample gas using a compressor which draws or pushes the gas into the air collection device over a selected period of time. The stored gas may be analyzed in the same manner as the atmospheric air to obtain a time history of the gas sample.


text:
As it gets colder many of us keep our sanity by turning to the warmth of tannic red wines. While I am in favour of that, I also urge my fellow oenophiles (yes it's a word) to not neglect a good harvest white wine.
Gewürztraminer & Riesling are perfect wines for this time of year and you don't need to "Try a Little German" (please click on that link for a hilarious previous post) to find great examples. Ontario makes both dry and sweet Riesling and Gewürztraminer.
Gewürztraminer is one of the best words in the German dictionary. I consider myself lucky to have a reason to say it – I say it because it's fun and I drink it because it's tasty. If you don't know how to pronounce it then this may be useful [ɡəˈvʏɐtstʁaˈmiːnɐ] but I highly doubt it (thanks Wikipedia for nothing).
The Red Brick Café is serving a dry Gewürztraminer from Strewn in Niagara. Get on down there and try a glass – or get to the LCBO and buy a bottle.
LCBO 65359 | Price: $ 12.95