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Thursday, September 04, 2008
13: A Teacher's Throne
I agree with many administrators that feel a teacher's place is out and about among the students. Teaching is not listing an assignment on the board at the beginning of class and then taking a seat on our throne.
However, a teacher's desk…..even though I rarely sit behind mine….is the hub-center of any well run classroom. It is the spot I head to during class changes. I stand behind my desk and take a quick check over my notes for the day, things that must be done by 3:30, and other important "stuff".
Here are 13 things I can't do without on my desk in no particular order:
1. Pictures of my family and former students---On the left front corner of my desk are pictures of my husband, my children, my mother, and a few scattered about of former students. Behind my desk is a bookshelf with more pictures scattered about including each homeroom group I've taught. Looking upon the pictures has always helped me to keep my priorities in line and at some of my lowest times has helped to motivate and inpire me.
2. Bell---I have a little tap bell that you usually see on the counter of a business like a drycleaners on my desk. When I'm ready to begin class I simply tap the bell and the sound alerts students that EHT is ready to begin. I tap the bell and begin…..I DON'T tap the bell and wait for quiet….I DON'T tap the bell and ask for quiet. As a class we have already decided the bell IS the signal.
3. Timer---I keep it on my desk mainly to protect it from playful hands, but my timer is used in testing situations and various activities. I don't invest a bunch of money in fancy timers----kitchen timers work and aren't costly.
4. Drink/coaster---Students learn early on that Elementaryhistoryteacher has to have a drink whether it's a bottle of water or fountain coke I've picked up on the way to school. In fact many students offer to go get me a Coke as they arrive first thing in the morning since I'm in a much better mood after I've had a sip of Coke. :) A good coaster for a drink is key so that it doesn't prespire all over my papers.
5. Papers to grade/return---Every teacher has to have a system for grading. I take up papers and keep them separate by class group with a paper clip. I put them inside the back cover of my Agenda/PlanBook since I know that item goes home with me each an every night no matter what. When I unpack in the morning I pull out graded papers and place them at the front of the room with my lesson plan, so that simply by seeing them I remember to hand the papers out at the beginning of class. I usually have a helper for the day during each class period…..they know to look for papers to return and by the time I'm ready to begin class students already have them in their hands. Then I just remind them to place the papers in the appropriate place in their folders.
6. Place for "must do today" items---Every day of the school year includes items that must be done that particular day…A head-count for a t-shirt order, a parent note that must be responded to, a book order that must be finalized and turned into the office, etc. Those items are always front and center on my desk and lay on top of my open Agenda/PlanBook….sometimes papercliped to the page for that day. I know by the end of the day those items must be completed and sent on their way to wherever.
7. Agenda/PlanBook----My school system provides me with a spiral bound book that contains a calendar, a teacher's plan book, grade book pages, phone log, etc. I use it and I'm grateful for it. It's nice to have everything together in one book.
8. Favorite types of pens/pencils---Isn't it more fun to do your work when you have the type of pens, pencils, and erasers that motivate you? My personal favorite is black gel pens, but I never keep them stored on top of my desk. I store them in a drawer. When they are seen on top it is too easy for me to allow a student to borrow them and then….then they merely walk out my door never to be seen again. I do have a cache of pencils and pens for student use…..I keep them in a bucket near the front of the room.
9. Staple remover and Stapler---Again I make sure students know my desk stapler and remover is off limits for their use. I keep two staplers for student use at the front of the room along with a student hole-punch as well. Why? Because students tend to be a little rough and something is always on the fritz.
10. Letter opener---just a personal choice. I can't stand torn envelopes and jibbles of paper hanging about.
11. Thank-you, get well, blank cards for colleagues, parents and always a few that are appropriate for students----when a fellow teacher is feeling low, you need to send a thank you to a parent, or a little "way to go" to a student it is so easy to reach down into my bottom drawer and pull out the type of card I need.
12. A plant----Plants dress a desk up a bit, but I tend to go towards silk so I don't have to remember to water them plus students knock them off from time to time and dirt won't get everywhere. I also have a small American flag on my desk at all times as well.
13. "Get to this later" pile----this is a pile of stuff that I run across through the mail or reaches me when someone hands it to me. Perhaps one scrap of paper has an idea on it for a field trip or lesson activity idea….perhaps the paper has info on it about a really great piece of technology….perhaps it's a lesson plan someone wants me to look over or it's an activity. I try to clean this pile out once a week, at the end of a term, and at the end of the year, however, there are still items in this pile that have been there since my first week of teaching. :)
So, that's how my throne checks out….What about yours?
Lots of bloggers participate in Thursday 13. You can locate them here
11 comments:
I like that they get you a coke to keep you in a good mood! :)
- Unknown said...
What an interesting look into the teacher's desk....I am a homeschooling parent so my desk is multipurpose for teaching, writing, and more.
Have a great Thursday and if you wish pop by my TT at The Cafe at the END of the Universe & Mama Bear Reads.
Very good list!! I think I have most of that stuff on my desk too!! I'm a homeschool parent, so on top of a daily life desk, I have school materials too.
Happy TT!! My list is posted with the 13 Most Beautiful Classic Movie actresses.
- Chrissea said...
You sound like an EXCELLENT teacher!
Happy TT - just visiting from the list randomly - mine's up too.
- Patsy said...
Great blog --- mainly because it brought back all the memories of when *I was the classroom teacher*. I'm now retired but do substituting and tutoring -- so I'm at school almost daily and in a lot of different classrooms -- some good some bad or at least very different from what was mine. I do have a comment about the teacher that sits down. Most days I was up -- around the room checking on students, but I found over the years that there are certain times when I had to sit down and say --- you are on your own. I taught writing --- they had to be able to write for the State of Texas and I had to get them ready. After days of me working with them and helping and prodding there would be that day when I had to find out what they could really do and on that day -- yep I spent the day glued to my seat, but it wasn't easy. More than you wanted to hear and why I had to say it I'm not sure. Have a good day and enjoy the upcomming weekend. :)
- Matthew K. Tabor said...
I just counted - I have a desk and four 3-foot wide shelves that function as #13.
It may be time to re-evaluate and re-organize.
- Mrs. Bluebird said...
Hey, that's my desk!
Actually, I was lamenting today at lunch about how much desk starts off just picture perfect, everything in it's place, but by the end of the day it's a mess. My fellow teacher and friend Judi said, "Well honey, that's because you don't sit behind it all day long. You just use it as a place to drop things until you can get to them."
She's right. I only sit behind my desk during planning (sometimes) and after the kids are gone and I'm doing paperwork. When the kids are in my room, I'm on my feet walking around the room. I don't know how anyone can teach from one spot all day.
- M-Dawg said...
My desk has almost the same stuff on it as you. Too funny!
Oh, I have a mini Zen Garden on my desk. Helps to relax at the end of the school day. :-)
I agree with what you said - I very rarely sit at my desk during the day. I'm always up and moving around with the kids. Even during planning I'm running around with my head cut off (like most teachers). :-)
There is an English teacher in our Freshman house that gives the kids their work the first 5 minutes of class and then sits at her desk and plays on her labtop the rest of the block! Unfortunately, she does this for all five of her classes. I don't get it. :-(
- Wm Chamberlain said...
I have everything you have on my desk except the letter opener. I also have a laptop that I use to run my projector/smartboard. I have an open file holder that I keep lots of stuff in. I have a scanner and a color laser printer. I have a digital camera and dock. I have a desktop computer that I use to stream video from.
Actually, I have so much stuff on my desk that I actually have two sitting next to each other.
- Teacha said...
I have post it note pads all over my desk! I would've like to have seen a picture of your desk. But I'm glad that I have a lot of the same things you do!
- Meredith said...
I'm always of the opinion that "a clean job site is a happy job site." While I would LOVE to indulge in a Coke (Super Big Gulp, please!) there's no way my body could manage that calorie intake. Lucky you! So, my desk is relatively clear. It just keeps me feeling more peaceful that way.
I do have a favorite pen, though: my fountain pens are not far from me, and they can't easily be "borrowed" by a student as they're so singular looking.


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Why have a biomechanical running analysis?
A biomechanical running analysis is used to investigate why your running is not how it could/should be, why you are not achieving your goals and to aid with training.
The main reasons people come for an analysis is to learn:
- Injury prevention & protecting your joints
- Improving efficiency, speed and race times
- Increasing running strength and comfort
What happens during an analysis?
During the analysis, your whole body will be filmed from two angles to allow our technique coaches to fully analyse and explain every aspect of how you run. The coach will talk to you about your injury history, goals and running background. Once you have been filmed, the footage will be put onto our computer software and the coach will explain where you have flaws in your running and why they could be hindering your performance or causing you injuries.
The whole analysis will take about 20 minutes – and you will only be running for about 5 minutes at your normal running pace. Don't worry – this is not a hard workout – it's a chance for us to look at how you run and discuss it with you.
What to bring
For the analysis, you should wear your normal running clothes and trainers. No mud covered or spiked shoes please.

subset: commoncrawl


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"Anyone who has played in the minors can respect what Chris went through to reach his goal. He endured eleven minor league seasons and should be applauded for never giving up. We have all fought through difficulties to achieve our dreams and Chris's story speaks volumes about determination, drive, and perseverance."
–Cal Ripken, Jr., baseball's all-time "Iron Man"
"If baseball gave out awards for fortitude or stubbornness, the biggest trophy would go to catcher Chris Coste. . . . Wives less patient than Marcia Coste may want to hide this book from aging husbands who have dreams of their own."
–USA Today
"[Coste] has a wide-eyed affection for the game that is contagious."
–Sports Illustrated
"Remarkable . . . may inspire young readers to follow their dreams."
–The Boston Globe
"What's not to love? A hardworking, dedicated man overcomes odds and obstacles to fulfill his dream."
–The Philadelphia Inquirer
"Highly recommended . . . [an] intriguing rags-to-not-quite-riches tale."
–Library Journal
"Uplifting . . . Don't give up on a dream."
–The San Diego Union-Tribune
"What amazes me most about Chris Coste's unlikely career is that he did it playing the hardest position on the field, enduring the daily barrage of nicks, bruises, and head-on collisions that are the life of a catcher. The 33-Year-Old Rookie is a great story of a man's triumph over adversity, but it's also a fascinating account of the view from behind home plate."
–Tim McCarver, broadcaster, Fox Sports
"The 33-Year-Old Rookie is the best of Rocky, Rudy, and The Rookie–it brought out all the emotions . . . especially when Chris made the team, and the tears started flowing. If you have an impossible dream, and want to see a man and family who paid the price to make theirs come true, you have to read this book."
–Vince Papale, subject of the Disney movie Invincible
"Chris Coste's story inspires us because he is a man driven not only by his loyalty to team over self, but also by his love for his family, strong morals, and passion for the great game of baseball. The 33-Year-Old Rookie will remind everyone who's ever had a dream to keep fighting for it."
–Mike Schmidt, Hall of Fame third baseman for the Philadelphia Phillies
"Chris Coste is the epitome of the phrase 'never give up hope.' His dream was to be a major-league baseball player, and at the age of thirty-three, Chris not only reached the majors but showed that he belonged."
–Harry Kalas, Hall of Fame broadcaster for the Philadelphia Phillies


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PokéBall Peril is the 2nd episode in the Orange Islands season.
Template:Pokémon: The Original Series
Episode Plot
After making a crash landing onto Valencia Island, our heroes get directions to Professor Ivy's laboratory where the mysterious Poké Ball is being held. Once at the laboratory, Brock realizes that Professor Ivy and her group of scientists are Pokémon breeders just like him! Suddenly Brock begins to feel at home and thinks about staying for awhile to continue his studies on Pokémon breeding.
- Professor Felina Ivy
- Professor Ivy's Assistants.
- Professor Ivy was seen to be more of an outside Pokémon Professor, a quality she shares with Professor Birch.
- The GS Ball seems to be a form of foreshadowing since the initials might stand for Gold and Silver, as in Pokémon Gold Version and Pokémon Silver Version .
- The "Who's that Pokémon?" in this episode is Lapras.
- Team rocket say at the end of the episode that the blimp was filled with hydrogen, in reality, nobody in there right mind would dare use hydrogen gas after the hindenburg disaster.
|This article is an anime stub.
Please help the Pokémon Wiki by expanding it.
|This article has an incomplete plot/synopsis.
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Salisbury, Mass. resident Douglas Wynne is announcing two local, open-to-the-public bookstore events following the release of his second novel, "Steel Breeze."
The book, a dark crime thriller published by JournalStone, will go on sale in paperback and e-book formats on July 19, followed by a launch party and signing at Jabberwocky Bookshop in Newburyport on Saturday, July 20 at 7 pm. A second event will follow on Friday, July 26 at 7 pm at Water Street Bookstore in Exeter.
Summary: A black wind blows and a life hangs in the balance.
It's been a year since novelist Desmond Carmichael's wife Sandy was brutally murdered. Now, with someone stalking him and his four-year-old son, he fears that the wrong man has been imprisoned for the crime. Sandy's parents and Detective Chuck Fournier have a different fear: that Desmond, despondent over Sandy's death, has become too unstable to raise his own son.
To prove them wrong, Desmond must work outside the law to defeat a threat born in the dust of an American wasteland, baptized by fire, and hellbent on riding the winds of karma.
"Steel Breeze is intense at almost every moment. It's unpredictable and well written and defies you to put the book down. I cannot recall a thriller in a long time that had me so captivated." - Benjamin Kane Ethridge, Bram Stoker award winning author of "Black and Orange" and "Bottled Abyss."
Douglas Wynne is the author of the rock n roll horror novel "The Devil of Echo Lake," which was a first place winner of JournalStone's 2012 Horror Fiction contest. He lives in Massachusetts with his wife and son and spends most of his time hanging out with a pack of dogs when he isn't writing, playing guitar, or swinging a sword.
Author launches novel; signings in Newburyport, Exeter
Salisbury, Mass. resident Douglas Wynne is announcing two local, open-to-the-public bookstore events following the release of his second novel, "Steel Breeze."


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Linky time again.
Sci Fi Wire has a map of 68 must-see sci-fi sites around the U.S. (with a few in Canada as well). Museums, buildings and locations used in movies, that sort of thing. Some of them are pretty lame; and hey, what's The Texas Chainsaw Massaacre doing in there? The Midwest seems under-represented, with only James T. Kirk's birthplace in Riverside, Iowa. They forgot about the Superman statue in Metropolis, IL — not far from where I grew up.
Here's a list of reality shows and mainstream dramas that could be improved with the addition of sci-fi elements. I like the Dirty Jobs in Space idea.
Star Trek aftershaves. "Smell like the future, because tomorrow may never come."
Here's a graph at io9 showing science fiction television trends over the last 40 years.
Physicist Michio Kaku is a really cool guy; I see him on a lot of science shows and documentaries (the History Channel's series The Universe for instance). Here he discusses how many science fictional technologies — like invisibility, teleportation, and time travel — are actually closer to reality than to fantasy. I recently watched a few episodes of another History Channel program, That's Impossible (narrated by Number One himself, Jonathan Frakes), which explores the same ideas — the growing reality of laser weapons, force fields, and other sci-fi staples. Interesting stuff.
Domed cities on Mars or other planets have long been a common image in science fiction. Could they actually be coming to Earth?
Ben Bova talks about science fiction and why politicians should read more of it.
Isaac Asimov's phycohistory may have more of a basis in reality than you thought.


text: Part of the Taboela Collection, this beautifully crafted table is perfect for any type of space â small or large, indoor or outdoor. Its defining feature is a mixture of simple and effective design and versatility. Just imagine yourself wanting to have breakfast in the garden â this table easily unfolds to allow you to enjoy a meal in the presence of your beloved greenery and folds up again for easy storage. A steel frame supports the tabletop made out of teak wood and an X-shaped base that folds down ensures the table is stable and comfortable. If unexpected guests show up, you can have two or three tables like this one ready to be adjoined for an enjoyable meal either indoors or outdoors. Designed by Royal Botania, the Taboela Table found on DecoeStilo is available in white, black, gray and the wood version you can see in the photos.


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A psych ward patient in Holland skated on an insanity plea after he killed power to an entire hospital thinking he was solving a puzzle in Silent Hill.
You might have heard of this, but a month ago or so, Jan H., the patient, shut down power to Sophia Hospital in the Netherlands thinking that by doing so he could acquire a toothbrush that would complete a puzzle. The hospital lost power for 45 minutes, stranding some folks in elevators and forcing doctors to resort to manual efforts to keep intensive care patients breathing. Noone was hurt. (Poor Noone.)
Turns out Jan H. skated on - what else - insanity. A court ruled he had "no idea of the true consequences of his deed."
Man Found Not Guilty After Blacking Out Hospital [24 Oranges via OffGamers]


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NEW YORK, N.Y. – Jennifer Perry isn't much of a drinker. Never has been, yet she's ready every New Year's Eve for the inevitable attention when she's out trying to have a good time.
"I don't care if everyone at the table orders a drink but me. That's fine," said Perry, 46, a singer in Atlanta. "What I do resent is being pressured, and then being asked is it a 'religious thing' or if I have a 'problem.'"
Sometimes, she relies on: "Oh, thank you, but I'm still on methadone." While not true, a quick apology usually ensues and the pesky prober moves along.
Whether in recovery or not interested for other reasons, the holidays often mean an excess of booze and drugs. Occasional drinkers fail to moderate and addiction programs around the country note upticks in patient loads soon after the new year, high season for relapsers and those seeking treatment for the first time.
"Alcohol is often centre stage at holiday parties," said Amara Durham, a spokeswoman for Caron Texas, a treatment facility in Princeton, Texas. "Many people think they need alcohol to enjoy social occasions such as holiday celebrations."
Story continues below
Chapman Sledge, chief medical officer at Cumberland Heights, a centre in the Nashville, Tenn., area, said loved ones hosting holiday dinners and parties should be sensitive to the difficulties of recovering guests.
"Stray comments like, 'Just a sip of wine at dinner won't hurt,' or 'It's a party, have a little fun,' even if they're unintentional, can slow or destroy an addict's recovery," he said.
Gina Bestenlehner, who is 12 years sober and program director for the Pur Detox centre in Dana Point, Calif., suggests bringing along a sobriety buddy to help stay focused. She also recommends volunteering as a designated driver, which "gives a person new purpose and a reason to be there sober. It also saves lives."
Like other support groups around the country, the North Central Vermont Recovery Center in Morrisville hosts a sober New Year's Eve.
"Along with Thanksgiving and Christmas, New Year's Eve is one of those holidays that we try to create community events for because of their association with drinking and the stress of being in recovery and alone on them," said Nasreen Stump, a fundraiser for the centre. "In three years our attendance at these events has almost quadrupled."
In Jersey Shore, Pa., Mary Baier is a non-drinker who will likely stay home with her husband this year for New Year's Eve. In the past, they've left parties right after midnight. "It's kind of hard to have a good time once people get drunk," she said.
Cathy Griffin, 54, of Los Angeles has been sober for five years. "I'm a free woman now and go about my business and personal life wherever there is alcohol and barely give it any thought," she said, "but in the early days of my recovery, it was hell!"
Instead of salivating while watching the wine meet the lips of the guy across the room, offer to help cut fruit and veggies or rinse some glasses, " anything to get your mind off the fact that you can't drink," she said.
"Look for people who are not drinking to start up a conversation. Believe it or not, there are more people who are not sloshed than you might think," Griffin added. "Make a game or a challenge out of finding the folks who are not drinking."
And perhaps most important of all, she said, "Prepare before the battle." Think about what you're going to drink before you get there. Stay away from caffeine-laden energy drinks and go straight to the bar and ask for a non-alcoholic beverage with a smile.
"I found for me, I didn't have to stay all night," Griffin said. "If I felt uncomfortable, even if it wasn't already midnight, I gave myself permission to leave or go outside and call a sober buddy, and most importantly, breathe – the moment will pass."
Follow Leanne Italie on Twitter at https://twitter杭州龙凤/litalie


text: Tendonitis is a condition where tendons become inflamed due to over training or poor biomechanics. Tendonitis can be a chronic condition which is difficult to treat, but the symptoms can be treated with a brace or support. These supports offer warmth and compression to relieve pain from tendonitis, and support the joint to prevent flair-ups.


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"Hands-Off": The Impossible Promise
Ah, the "hands-off" promise. When a highly publicized acquisition weds an insular startup to a giant media company, the giant media company's vow to leave the insular startup untouched is inevitable.
The "hands-off" promise is both necessary to make and impossible to keep.
I remember hearing the promise from Jim Bankoff, who engineered AOL's acquisition of Weblogs, Inc. in the fall of 2005, at a Weblogs retreat in New York. (Bankoff is currently CEO of Vox Media.) He meant it, and Weblogs was indeed given a long leash. Jason Calacanis, Brian Alvey and Judith Meskill operated the blog network as before the acquisition, with better technology infrastructure and a better hiring budget.
I was editorial director of Weblogs, and eventually took over business ownership of the unit after the founders left the company. For four post-honeymoon years in that position I had a close-up view of how multiple stakeholders in a large parent company systematically and necessarily break the well-intended "hands-off" promise. Even on a long leash, the startup plays a sometimes ferocious defensive game to maintain cultural and brand integrity.
David Karp will continue to own Tumblr within Yahoo, but he will not be the only owner. Marissa Mayer will be co-owner. Mayer was already — in the same hour as the obligatory "hands-off" covenant — outlining possible changes. Other departmental executives will surface in Tumblr stakeholder roles, especially sales, business development, legal and the editorial team of Yahoo's main portal. Putting Tumblr into Yahoo is like throwing a boulder into a lake, and many executives will be accountable for maximizing the ripples. They are all co-owners.
Mayer specifically addressed the branding concern, promising that Yahoo would not slap its mark on Tumblr pages. That's a no-brainer, although Yahoo has fallen into the trap of over-valuing its brand in past acquisitions, notably Flickr. But some degree of co-branding is inevitable, probably immediately, if Yahoo wants to capture comScore recognition of Tumblr's traffic.
And it surely does. Major Internet properties, and their advertisers, are acutely aware of comScore positioning. At AOL, within minutes of comScore's release of its monthly traffic report, I watched that thing rip through the company like a viral meme. In March of this year, Yahoo's total U.S. traffic (that's the filter most companies and their advertisers look at) put the company in the No. 2 spot, trailing Google by a mere one million unique visitors. That same month, Tumblr was credited with 29 million uniques. A certain post-acquisition bet is that Yahoo will do what it takes to vault over Google into the top slot.
And it takes co-branding. ComScore requires some mark of affiliation to acknowledge and report the traffic roll-up from an independently branded property to its parent entity. That's why you see AOL's logo in the footers of Engadget and TechCrunch, two sites where AOL's mark hardly contributes brand charisma.
ComScore roll-up branding doesn't really damage a professionally-produced editorial site. But there is greater sensitivity in a UGC (User Generated Content) destination where there is huge overlap of those who consume the content and those who produce it. The uproar among Tumblr bloggers over the acquisition is the first sign that the engine of Tumblr's success does not want any affiliation with corporate overlords.
Speaking of UGC, it represents all sorts of trouble that will bring new influences to bear within Yahoo. Advertisers do not like appearing next to UGC. They don't even like comments on pro sites, never mind the roiling swirl of unregulated blogs. Yahoo will create a monetization plan (Mayer is already leaking ideas and aspirations), and the company's board and executive committee will synchronize Tumblr's revenue potential with the drumbeat of quarterly reporting. Forecasts, operating budgets, timetables and deliverables will seep into the sales organization like wine into carpet. In meeting after meeting between sales and content, sanctity around Tumblr's exemption from business as usual will be chipped away. To a category sales director, "hands-off" means not meeting a revenue deliverable, and getting a reduced annual bonus.
Advertising on Tumblr blogs is easy to predict, although who knows when. Run-of-service campaigns are clearly impossible for brand advertisers, and would be even without the heavy load of Tumblr porn blogs. The ability to produce specially-carved campaigns will have to be built into the publishing system, if it isn't already. That slippery slope leads to possible special arrangements with highly-trafficked blogs, and a possibility of editorial management to some degree.
Enter the lawyer stakeholders. Yahoo's legal stance for Tumblr will be based on "safe harbor," a protection in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act that applies to UGC platforms whose owners do not exercise control of the content. Safe harbor is punctured like a balloon with the first bit of content oversight. If that happens, every legal complaint brought over publication of copyrighted media becomes Yahoo's liability for damages, even if the infringing media is removed. (With safe harbor protection, Yahoo only needs to remove the source of a legal complaint.)
Online advertising is a buyer's market in which advertisers often dictate terms and conditions. Tumblr will be caught in the tectonic grinding of conflicting interests. Tumblr's founding principles demand freedom. Yahoo's business requires revenue from the hordes of Tumblr users. The legal wing values safety above everything. The next quarterly always looms, and the questioning for years will be about Tumblr's income, just as with AOL's Patch and other daunting monetization projects.
Let's not forget about synergy, the great M&A buzzword that informs all discussions leading up to the big purchase. Any company with many moving parts must consider how a major acquisition is going to play nicely with its other brands, technologies and cultures. An acquisition that brings a substantial audience with it is eventually going to be asked (which is to say, required) to share that traffic. If synergy is a dominant pre-acquisition buzzword in large content companies, recirculation is the post-acquisition mandate.
From this essential business goal comes a creeping incremental destruction of purity. The first sign might be a modest, inconspicuous footer on Tumblr blogs with softly-hued links to other Yahoo properties. Giving away that inch could result, a year later, in dreaded "related links" modules in the sidebar. From there it is a bold and victorious leap to universal headers with full co-branding and drop-down promos for Yahoo's Mail and News enterprises.
I'm being cynical, and these are not explicit predictions. The honeymoon period is characterized by respect and caution. Weblogs brought completely new DNA into the AOL organism. Tumblr is likewise fresh air — loaded with a young demographic — for Yahoo. But Yahoo also has experience with social content (Delicious and Flickr), and Mayer is certainly determined to chart a better roadmap for Tumblr on her watch.
But the pressure will be on, sooner or later. Many jobs are a little more at risk when a company has spent over a billion dollars, and Tumblr will start showing the smudges of many fingerprints. It might all work out well. Nearly all of AOL's most successful content destinations were acquired. (Others, like Bebo, were catastrophic, and the high burn rate to maintain Patch is controversial.) Tumblr could be Yahoo's most successful bet, despite the many hands that will inevitably be laid upon it.
Brad Hill is the former VP of Audience Development at AOL, and former General Manager of Weblogs, Inc.


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Natalia Murray on the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 and the Quest for the New Art
At the end of January, Natalia Murray spoke about 'The Proletarian Art Enigma' as part of the Modern and Contemporary Research Seminar. She began with the social and historical background of the Russian Revolution of 1917—aimed at establishing a homogenous socialist state and culture to serve purely political needs—and ended with the year 1921. In her lecture, Murray sought to question whether proletarian art was a reality or a contradiction during this interlude.
The French Revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries set an important precedent for the Bolsheviks. Influenced by the writing of Gustav le Bon, renowned French social psychologist, the Bolsheviks understood the power of the image for manipulating the masses. In his work on the psychology of the crowd, Le Bon believed that sentiment, not rational nature, is key. It follows that images, not words, are more powerful in controlling and manipulating crowds. Note that le Bon has been quoted by Mussolini, Stalin, Lenin and Hitler.
Russian Futurists and Leftist artists were quick to support the Bolshevik Revolution and moved to the forefront of new proletarian art . Murray took us through images of the first expressions of this art: from the Futurists' sculpture of a fumbling eagle located at Peterhof Station nearby the Summer Palace of the Tsar, which symbolised the collapse of autocracy, to agitational propaganda on trains and trams with slogans in German due to the influence of Karl Marx to street decorations reminiscent of parade floats from the French Revolution to items of porcelain and posters by Natan Altman and Vladimir Lebedev.
Possibly the most well-known surviving artistic work from the period is the dramatically staged "Storming of the Winter Palace" by Soviet Russian film director Sergei Eisenstein. Recall the heroic toppling of the statues and masses with torched flames clambering over the palace gates. He based his film on the 1920s public re-enactment of the supposed legendary event of the 1917 Revolution. It epitomised Bolshevik mythology and points towards social manipulation, as in fact the Red Guards entered the government buildings to take control without a shot being fired.
Did proletarian art achieve its individuality; did it create a seismic effect on socialist society? Art as propaganda certainly continued beyond 1921 and was successful for agitational purposes. However the Futurist artists were removed as they ultimately failed to engage the workers who preferred more realistic decorations in a conventional style.


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First Published: July 24, 2009; Last Updated: Monday, December 24, 2018.
Google may be a synonym for search, but it's not restricted to that feature alone. If you are not a tech-savvy person then chances are that you are unaware about majority of Google's products and services.
Anyway, how many Google products and services do you use? The common answers will be Gmail, Google+, Drive, Docs, or an Image Search. But Google is well beyond that.
Over 2.2 billion Google users. Over 1 billion YouTube users. Over 1 billion Gmail users. Over 1 billion Chrome users. Over 1 billion Maps users. Over 2 billion Android users. Over 1 billion Google Play Store users. That's the stats of Google.
Don't Miss: Over 71 Microsoft Products, Services, & Apps You Probably Don't Know
[Read more…] about Over 251 Google Products & Services You Probably Don't Know


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The growing threat of online fraud and new regulations are forcing more organizations to deploy versatile authentication. Entrust IdentityGuard offers Cisco VPN users a cost-effective means of deploying second-factor authentication for all enterprise users.
Save your customers money on VPN security!
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The Entrust IdentityGuard versatile authentication platform offers a variety of authentication options ranging from machine- and knowledge-based authentication to physical second factors such as Entrust's patented grid-based authentication technique and the Entrust IdentityGuard Mini Token.


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State regulators in Pennsylvania on Monday approved Highmark Inc.'s $1 billion acquisition of West Penn Allegheny Health System, clear ing the way for the creation of what its backers says will be one of the nation's largest integrated healthcare systems.
Approval from the Pennsylvania Insurance Department came laden with conditions, but Highmark President/CEO William Winkenwerder, Jr., MD, said leadership at the newly named Allegheny Health Network was 'comfortable that we will be able to well comply with all the conditions that have been outlined in the commissioner's order.'
'Let me just say that many of these conditions were things that we would have done in any event,' Winkenwerder told reporters at a Monday afternoon teleconference. 'We also believe that certain of the conditions are very positive in that they set forth certain behaviors and characteristics of a more competitive marketplace in healthcare and are really meant to assure that monopoly-like behavior doesn't occur. That is very consistent with our own thoughts.'
The Allegheny Health Network will employ about 1,200 physicians and will include the five hospitals in the West Penn Allegheny system, Saint Vincent Health System in Erie, pending court approval, and Jefferson Regional Medical Center in suburban Pittsburgh, Winkenwerder said.
John Commins is a content specialist and online news editor for HealthLeaders, a Simplify Compliance brand.


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The rules are simple. You tweet or Facebook about the release of Murder, Mayhem and Mama at Amazon; Twitter users must include the hashtag #Christie-Craig@Amazon, and then leave a comment on this blog telling me you Facebooked or tweeted about MM&M's Kindle release, and then answer one of my five questions about romance. (The questions are below.) By the way, I answered all those questions myself. And I'm still blushing about some of my answer, too.)
1. What draws a woman to a man?
As a woman and as a romance writer I've given this a lot of thought. What contributes to that indefinable lure that draws one person to another? I know I like a man with wide shoulders, a sexy grin and eyes . . . eyes that twinkle with humor and heat. I remember the first time I met my hubby; what's more, I remember the exact instant that his blue eyes met mine. My mom was trying to set us up, but I had just walked away from a bad marriage and I didn't want to be set up. I didn't want a man in my life--period. However, there was a little jolt of something when my gaze met his. Something that made me want to look longer, but almost a sense of rawness that demanded I look away. It's as if I knew he could see too much in my gaze, that with just that one glance, he'd know what I felt and what I thought. And what I felt and thought was . . . Wow. I don't want this, but if I did . . . Wow. You can guess that wow eventually won over.
2. What's the most romantic thing a man has done for you?
Then there was the honeymoon cabin he rented with a fireplace in the bedroom because I'd once said that making love in front of a fireplace would be so romantic. We had to crank down the air conditioner to light that fireplace on our wedding night, but I was right. It was amazing.
However, I think the most romantic gesture he's ever done was something he said about seventeen years after we were married. Though I have to admit that at the moment he said it, I didn't think it was going to be so romantic. I thought . . . well, let me just tell you.
We were out having dinner and he'd been a little quiet, and then he looked at me and said, "You are not the same woman I married." My heart stopped, I felt blindsided, and didn't think I was going to like where this conversation was headed. I knew I'd put on a few pounds. And I'd put a lot of time in on my writing career. Had it hurt my marriage? Fear nearly had me choking on my egg roll.
With a serious look in his eyes he continued, "I married a young woman; she was a little vulnerable and a lot scared to trust anyone. She was practically a girl who didn't really know what she wanted out of life. And look at you now. You're a writer who has a passion for what you do, one who has faced more rejection, who has shown more courage to chase her dream, than anyone I know. I'm so proud of you." See why I love this man? You know, I may not have given my fictional heroes my hubby's abs (Sorry, babe), but I gave each and every one of them his heart, his sense of humor, and his ability to make a woman feel loved.
3. What's the worse date/romantic disaster you've ever had?
Okay…this is about hubby, too. You see, as much of a hero as he is, when we were first dating, he was trying too hard. And you know what happens when you try too hard, don't you? You mess up. Well, we hadn't been dating long and he took me to his place. We were going to cook dinner together and have a quiet evening. At that time he was still doing the gentlemanly thing of opening and closing doors for me. I had a bag of groceries in my hand and when I went to get out of the car, he was already opening the passenger door for me. I stepped out and he closed the car door with a solid thud. A solid and painful thud.
I looked at him and calmly asked if he would open the door.
He calmly asked, "Did you forget something?"
I calmly nodded my head even thought I was gritting my teeth.
"What did you forget?" he asked.
Wincing, and no longer able to handle the pain, I said rather loudly. "My hand."
He'd shut my hand in the car door. Our quiet evening was spent with an ice on my fingers.
And yeah, in spite of that, I still married him. And I would do again in a heartbeat.
4. If you've been married for a while, what sweet things does your spouse do that makes you fall in love with him all over again?
Hubby doesn't drink coffee, never has. But every night he grinds my fresh coffee beans and sets up my coffee to brew at 6:30. He even sets out a cup, a spoon and my creamer. One morning I woke up and there wasn't any coffee made. He'd forgotten. I started grinding my coffee beans and I hear him running down the stairs. "I'm sorry," he called out as hit the bottom of the steps. He made me stop making the coffee and he did it for me.
"You know I can make it," I told him.
"I know," he said. "But I like spoiling you."
And he has and does. I personally think it's because I forgave him for slamming my hand in the car door. LOL.
5. What's the most romantic thing you've ever done for your Valentine?
Yes, I've done the sexy nightgowns. The whipped cream. (Hey, it was research for a scene.) I've baked pies that he loves, cooked his favorite foods. But as crazy as it seems, I think the most romantic thing was that whenever he would go away on a trip, I would put love notes in his pockets and hidden in his luggage. One time, he called me a few days into a trip. "You didn't put notes in my luggage," he said, sounding hurt.
I knew then that those silly notes had meant something to him. The funny thing was that I had put them in his luggage, but just not in both suitcases. He'd come in while I'd been hiding them, and I didn't get to put as many of the little love notes in there as I normally did. So I told him to look in the other suitcase. He did.
Ahh, love, it's funny how the little things can mean so much.
Happy Valentine's Day, guys! I wish all of you love and laughter. Go hug someone today—be it your spouse, a child, a parent, or just a friend. Let the people you love know it. And make sure you enter my contest and help me get the word out about latest baby, Murder, Mayhem and Mama, now out at Amazon.


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This is a two-volume series research monograph on the general
Lagrangian Floer theory and on the accompanying homological algebra of
filtered \(A_\infty\)-algebras. This book provides the most
important step towards a rigorous foundation of the Fukaya category in
general context. In Volume I, general deformation theory of the Floer
cohomology is developed in both algebraic and geometric contexts. An
essentially self-contained homotopy theory of filtered
\(A_\infty\) algebras and \(A_\infty\) bimodules and applications
of their obstruction-deformation theory to the Lagrangian Floer theory
are presented. Volume II contains detailed studies of two of the main
points of the foundation of the theory: transversality and
orientation. The study of transversality is based on the virtual
fundamental chain techniques (the theory of Kuranishi structures and
their multisections) and chain level intersection theories. A detailed
analysis comparing the orientations of the moduli spaces and their
fiber products is carried out. A self-contained account of the general
theory of Kuranishi structures is also included in the appendix of
this volume.
Titles in this series are co-published with
International Press of Boston, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Graduate students and research mathematicians interested in
symplectic geometry, low-dimensional topology, mirror symmetry, and string
It should go without
saying that this work is a major contribution to mathematics. ...the authors
have done an admirable job in creating an approachable text, in which ideas are
explained and constructions are sketched in a readable way first, with the full
details available later if and when the reader is ready for them. The two
volumes belong on the bookshelf of any modern symplectic
-- Mathematical Reviews
Open Math Notes is a repository of freely downloadable mathematical works in progress--including course notes, textbooks, and research expositions--provided as a service to researchers, teachers and students.
We're extending our sale! To help you succeed, whether you are teaching or conducting research remotely, or just looking for a good book to read at home, all AMS eBooks will be 50% off list price through August 31.
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Approximately 1.5 million dogs are sold in pet shops and they are most likely from puppy farms. Almost half the people who buy a puppy never see the mum. Puppies are mostly bred on farms in awful conditions, many from sick and injured mums. Around one in five puppies bought from pet shops or the internet suffer from parvovirus; an often fatal disease which can cost up to £4,000 to treat.
If you don't buy them, they can't do this……………don't complete the cycle. Ask #WheresMum
The Kennel Club says that 'A puppy farmer is defined as a high volume breeder who breeds puppies with little or no regard for the health and welfare of the puppies or their parents. A puppy farmer's main intent is profit. As a result, they typically separate puppies from their mothers too early (8 weeks is generally recommended), ignore guidelines about the maximum frequency of litters (the Kennel Club will not normally register more than four litters from any one bitch because of concerns that the current legal limit of six litters per bitch can be potentially detrimental to a dog's welfare), provide inadequate socialisation of puppies, sell puppies through third parties (i.e. away from the environment in which they are raised), keep puppies in poor husbandry conditions and fail to follow breed specific health schemes or to apply basic, routine health measures such as immunisation and worming. As a result, the puppies bred by puppy farmers are more likely to suffer from common, preventable, infectious diseases, painful or chronic inherited conditions, behavioural issues and shorter life spans.
According to the most recent Kennel Club Puppy Awareness Week (PAW) survey, one in five dog owners spends a lot more on vet's fees than they anticipated when first buying a dog. This increases to more than one in three (38%) when the puppy is supplied by a pet shop. In total 41% of people who have bought a puppy in the last year did not see the puppy with its mother and 53% did not see its breeding environment, meaning those puppies are highly likely to have been bred by puppy farmers and sold by third parties (2014 Kennel Club PAW survey).
Breeding of Dogs Act 1973
The Breeding of Dogs Act 1973 (as amended by the Breeding and Sale of Dogs (Welfare) Act 1999) licences breeding establishments and the sale of dogs. This legislation set out a regime for local authorities to license and inspect dog breeding establishments within their jurisdiction, which should have gone some way to tackle puppy farming.
However, problems with enforcement have meant that it has not curbed the activity of puppy farmers as local authorities lack the resources and expertise to properly address poor breeding practices and current guidance on selling puppies in pet shops is unclear.
Current legislation has not curbed puppy farming. We want the law to change so that every puppy (and kitten) has to be sold with its mum. We believe this will affect between 40,000 and 80,000 puppies immediately. It will halt the importation of poor and weak puppies from puppies farms in the UK and abroad.
You can help to - Always, buy from a rescue or a registered breeder and always make sure 'mum' is there when you see the puppy. Mum will be confident with her pups and will not be nervous around them.
Let's change the law and the lives of these forgotten mums and puppies.
We want to see the law changed so the only legal way to buy a puppy is when 'mum' is present.
PupAid Campaign click here
Cariad Campaign click here
IFAW Campaign click here #NoMumNoSale
RSPCA click here


text:
Playboy is changing its digital edition so users can read it -- just for the articles.
In an effort to become more viral Playboy.com will offer more lifestyle pieces and ditch the nude photos, according to Digiday. By cleaning up the content, Playboy.com believes it can be shared more readily on social media and even be safe for work (also known as SFW).
The new strategy is to boost its overall readership and cash in on millennials' love of lists and interesting content, according to Playboy. "Girl content does well, but there's a ceiling on that," Cory Jones, Playboy digital content senior vice president told Digiday. "But if you're doing really shareable fun viral things, you do even better. That content has a higher ceiling."
U.S. & World
Quantcast gave Playboy's digital audience 5.2 million unique visitors last month, but that number has stayed flat since last year.
Instead of nude women, expect to see articles on cocktails, funny tweets and the like -- it's targeting 25 pieces of editorial content per day. There will still be some "risque" content, but not nudity. (The nudie pics will be available on Playboy Plus, another digital edition that's subscription-based.) But can Playboy exist and grow without the expected centerfold? Some critics say no.
"The young readers that they're for are not going to think of Playboy.com as a place for the type of content Playboy is creating," Graham Nelson, senior vice president of media agency AMP, told Digiday.
"Our clients are not interested in another Buzzfeed, or GQ or list-focused media publisher."
Apparently Playboy knows the new revamp is a gamble, but hopes it will work out anyway.


text:
Apply citation style format of Journal of Advanced Nursing (JAN), as described in the
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text:
Our photo mug allows for either a single image or a dual-image "ceramic memory mate" style template option from our studio design series templates. An added plus of the studio design series coffee mug template is that it allows both a current year date and dynamic text line option, making it one of the nicest personalized gifting opportunities available for grandparents and coffee lovers!
Ground FOB


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Whenever I experience a remarkable day in the Family Forest® similar to the one I just had, I call it a red letter day.
A Family Forest® red letter day is defined as a day when changes of extraordinary and enormous impact happen. These are changes that are vast and far reaching, changes that personally relate to at least tens if not hundreds of millions of living people, and changes that by themselves would justify a new release of the Family Forest®.
There is an ancestress in the Family Forest® New World Edition named Eleanor who was born in about 1405. By reasonable estimates more than 100,000,000 living people can call Eleanor grandmother, preceded by a number of "greats."
Eleanor is lineage-linked to both parents, but her father is not lineage-linked to his parents. Eleanor's mother however is extremely lineage-linked. A 40-generation Family Forest® ancestor chart for her fills in over 1.5 million boxes with the names of ancestors who Eleanor would call grandmother or grandfather, preceded by a number of "greats."
But Eleanor's father was entered twice in the Family Forest® New World Edition, once as a child of his parents, and once as the husband of Eleanor's mother. Having just found the recorded history which identifies the two entries as the same person, a simple merge of the previously two individuals produced an enormous gain in the number of identified ancestors of Eleanor's 100,000,000 or more living descendants.
Eleanor's father's 40-generation Family Forest® ancestor chart fills in over 560,000 additional boxes with the names of ancestors who Eleanor (and of course all of her descendants) would call grandmother or grandfather, preceded by a number of "greats."
This is one more dramatic example of how less can be more, much more.
For me red letter days are always exciting, and still awesome, although they now happen quite frequently.
In the early years of the Family Forest® Project, while building the foundation and framework, they almost never happened. But during the last few years the connections have been happening at a surprising and accelerating rate, and there have been between one and two hundred true red letter days during the more than seven hundred days since the Family Forest® New World Edition was finalized.


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- "I've won every battle. But I'm losing this war."
- ―Robb Stark
Robb is the eldest child of Lady Catelyn and Lord Eddard Stark. Eddard is the head of House Stark, Lord of Winterfell and Lord Paramount of the North, one of the constituent regions of the Seven Kingdoms. The Starks rule the region from their seat of Winterfell. Eddard is also the Warden of the North to King Robert Baratheon.[2]
Robb was born at Riverrun and raised in Winterfell. His father left his mother the morning after their wedding to fight in Robert's Rebellion and did not return until after Robb was born. He has two younger trueborn brothers, Bran and Rickon, and two sisters, Sansa and Arya. He is also close to his bastard half-brother, Jon Snow, and to his father's ward, Theon Greyjoy, whom he counts as his best friend outside of the family.[3] He has been trained from childhood to wield a sword and wear armor by Winterfell's Master-at-Arms Ser Rodrik Cassel, and is highly proficient with both for his young age. He lives at Winterfell with his family.
Season 1Redaguoti
Robb attends the execution of Will, a deserter from the Night's Watch, by his father Eddard Stark. On their way home with Theon, Jon and Bran, they find a litter of newborn direwolf pups. Robb is surprised that there are any direwolves south of the Wall. When their father says they can keep the pups, Robb adopts one of them as his own, naming him Grey Wind. He welcomes King Robert Baratheon to Winterfell with the rest of his family. He helps his mother maintain discipline during the feast, removing his sister Arya when she starts flicking food at Sansa, despite his amusement. Robb displays an antipathy to Joffrey from the start, noting that he's a "right royal prick".[4]
Bran is left comatose in a fall, and because of his father's departure for King's Landing and his mother's refusal to leave an unconscious Bran's side, Robb must help Maester Luwin run the castle making new appointment to the castle's staff. When Catelyn and Ser Rodrik Cassel decide that threats from the Lannister's necessitate their departure for the capital, Robb is left in command of Winterfell.[5] Aware that the Lannisters may be behind Bran's injury, he later greets Tyrion with hostility, only to be confused when Tyrion gives Bran a special saddle to help him ride.[6] Robb visits a recovering Bran and has to tell him that he will never walk again. Bran says he would rather have died.[7]
While taking Bran outside the castle to test his new saddle, Robb and Theon are talking about Robb's future plans, when they realize that Bran has wandered off. Bran has been taken hostage by a band of wildlings, but they are found by Robb who advances on them with a sword. One of the wildlings Stiv holds a knife to Bran's throat and makes Robb drop the sword. Theon kills Stiv with an arrow, which angers Robb as Bran could have been injured. Only one of the wildlings is taken prisoner, Osha.[8] Osha says that the greatest danger lies north of the Wall, from the White Walkers, not from the Lannisters in the south, but Robb disregards her warning.[9]
Following Robert's death and Eddard's arrest in King's Landing King Joffrey summons Robb to pay him fealty. Robb instead calls his banners, marching House Stark's vassals to war. His youth and inexperience is questioned by Greatjon Umber who says he will take his armies home. Robb replies that then after they win the Stark army will return to take the lands of House Umber. Enraged, Greatjon starts to draw his sword, but the formidable Northern lord is cowed when Grey Wind attacks and bites off two of his fingers. He laughs it off and becomes one of Robb's most loyal retainers. Robb's army marches south, reuniting with Catelyn and Ser Rodrik along the way and feeding the Lannisters false intelligence on their movements.[9] Robb wins the allegiance of the prickly Lord Walder Frey and his troops by agreeing to marry one of Frey's daughters. He sends a small force of men to distract the main Lannister army under Lord Tywin Lannister at the Battle of the Green Fork. Meanwhile, his main army attacks Jaime Lannister's forces near Riverrun, winning the Battle of the Whispering Wood and taking Jaime as a captive.[10]
Robb is devastated by news of his father's death. He and his lords debate supporting either Stannis or Renly's claim to the throne before the Greatjon says neither appeals and declares Robb the King in the North. Other lords of both the North and the Riverlands take up the cry. Theon asks Robb to affirm that they are brothers, now and always, and then swears fealty to him.[11]
External Links: Redaguoti
Season 2Redaguoti
Robb continues to win victories against the Lannister army. He earns the nickname "The Young Wolf" for his ferocity in battle.[12] He keeps Jaime Lannister under guard in his camp to confound attempts to free him. He dispatches envoys to seek alliances on his behalf. He sends Theon Greyjoy to Pyke to treat with his father Balon Greyjoy. He tasks his mother Catelyn with forming an alliance with King Renly Baratheon in the Stormlands. Robb sends deliberately disagreeable terms to Queen Regent Cersei Lannister to waste her time.[13] The terms are rejected as expected.[14] Robb wins a crushing victory against a Lannister reinforcement host at the Battle of Oxcross. In the aftermath of the battle he is intrigued by a battlefield medic named Talisa.[15]
Renly is killed just after agreeing to an alliance and Catelyn flees his camp to return to Robb. Renly's men swear fealty to his less agreeable brother Stannis Baratheon.[16] Catelyn returns to Robb's camp and warns him against pursuing Talisa. They are shocked when news arrives that Theon has betrayed Robb and attacked Winterfell. Robb is furious and agrees to let the bastard son of his bannerman Roose Bolton retake the castle. He insists that the safety of his brothers is paramount and demands that Theon be brought before him so that he can execute him personally.[17]
Robb wins a further victory at the Battle of the Yellow Fork. His prison cells are filled to overflowing with captives. When Ser Alton returns with Cersei's rejection of his terms he houses him with Jaime. Talisa asks him for help obtaining medical supplies and he invites her to accompany him to negotiate the surrender of the Crag, suggesting that she restock from the castle's stores. While Robb is gone Jaime escapes, killing Alton and Torrhen Karstark. He is recaptured but Lord Rickard Karstark threatens to behead him to avenge Torrhen.[18] Catelyn sends her sworn sword Brienne of Tarth to exchange Jaime for her captive daughters without consulting Robb.[19]
Robb is furious at the betrayal and orders Catelyn kept under guard. He sends men to find Jaime and devises a plan for Roose's bastard son; offer mercy to Theon's men if they deliver the Ironborn prince so they will abandon him, allowing him to retake Winterfell with minimal bloodshed. Talisa comforts Robb, revealing more of her past. He confesses not wanting to marry into House Frey and they sleep together.[19] Robb confesses his love for Talisa to Catelyn. Catelyn warns against betraying his oath to marry a daughter of House Frey. Robb rejects her counsel, and in a secret ceremony conducted by a Septon of the Faith of the Seven, he and Talisa secretly marry.[20]
Season 3RedaguotiRobb's host marches on Harrenhal greatly anticipating the battle ahead, only to find the castle abandoned, and the Northern prisoners slain. Among the dead Robb and his new wife find but one survivor: a maester named Qyburn. Robb then orders his mother imprisoned within the fortress.[21]
Robb later receives two letters, relating to the death of his grandfather Hoster Tully and the destruction of Winterfell, as well as the "deaths" of Bran and Rickon. Robb informs his mother before setting off for Riverrun.[22]
After Lord Hoster's funeral, Robb, Blackfish, and Edmure Tully confer in Riverrun's meeting room. The War of the Five Kings is not going well for them, as now that the Lannisters have defeated their enemies in the south and secured King's Landing from attack, as well as a marriage-alliance with House Tyrell, they have superior numbers, wealth, and strategic position. Edmure begins to boast to his nephew about the recent victory won by Tully forces under his direct command at the Battle of Stone Mill, which managed to push the Lannister army under Ser Gregor Clegane from the Riverlands. Instead, Robb and Brynden are furious with Edmure: their grand strategy for the war was to lure Tywin and Gregor's Lannister armies into the Westerlands, where they would be vulnerable out of position, and more importantly, to leave the capital city vulnerable to attack by the Baratheons. Edmure's role in this was to offer token defense as a feint to lure the Lannisters back across the Red Fork of the Trident. Instead, by successfully attacking the Lannisters at Stone Mill, Edmure kept them penned in the Riverlands, and thus close enough to King's Landing that Tywin was able to rush to the defense of the city at the Battle of the Blackwater. The Starks' strategic position in the war has been ruined. Edmure insists that they took valuable captives in the battle, Willem and Martyn Lannister, but Robb angrily points out that he didn't stop fighting because his sisters are held captive. Considering that Tywin didn't stop to negotiate when his own eldest son was captured, taking his younger nephews hostage will have no impact on the war. Edmure tries to at least point out that they lost only two hundred men at Stone Mill and multiple Lannister soldiers died for every man they lost, at which Robb cuts him off and shouts that they need men more than the Lannisters do. At this point, the Lannisters are in such a good strategic position that they can afford to be patient, and grind down Robb's forces through simple attrition.[23]
The prisoners Martyn and Willem Lannister (squires fifteen and fourteen years old, respectively) awake to hear shouting and fighting outside the door to their cell. Lord Rickard Karstark fights his way into the room with some of his own men. Confused, Willem asks if this is a rescue, and is promptly killed by the Karstark men. Martyn shouts that he is just a squire and didn't do anything, but Lord Rickard ignores his pleas and stabs him in the belly with a dagger, killing him.
The bloody corpses of the two Lannister prisoners are laid out on the floor in front of Robb in Riverrun's main meeting room. Robb is disgusted, remarking that Karstark needed five men to brutally murder two unarmed squires in their own prison cell. Karstark insists that it was a father's vengeance. Robb points out that these boys had nothing to do with the death of Karstark's sons, who were both killed by Jaime Lannister. Rickard explains that he was denied his vengeance when Catelyn set Jaime free in hopes of a prisoner exchange for her daughters in King's Landing. Finally having enough, Karstark did the next best thing, and killed Jaime's kin who they held prisoner. Robb angrily shouts that they were only little boys, and that Karstark can't blame Catelyn for his treasonous killing of prisoners of war. Karstark stands firm, and says the only treason is in letting their enemies go, when in war they should be killing them - if Robb's father ever taught him that. Blackfish punches Karstark over this remark, but Robb tells him to leave Karstark alone. Karstark has utterly lost faith in Robb, and says that the King in the North will just give him a scolding, though he should probably call him "the King Who Lost the North" after he allowed Winterfell to fall. Robb orders all of Karstark's men hanged, and to hang the lookout last so he can watch the others die. Rickard Karstark himself is sent to the dungeons.
Edmure insists that if word of this leaves Riverrun, Tywin Lannister will exact heavy reprisals for the deaths of his young nephews. Therefore, he suggests that they just quietly bury the boys, and simply keep silent about their deaths until the war is over. Robb, however, refuses to be a liar: he says he cannot fight a war in the name of justice if he will not serve justice to murderers within his own ranks. All of Robb's advisors tell him this is a bad idea. Catelyn and Talisa warn him that the Karstark soldiers will abandon his cause and return home if he executes their lord, and they are already badly outnumbered. Catelyn says they should keep Lord Rickard hostage, and Edmure agrees, saying that they can just keep him hostage and tell the other Karstarks that no harm will come to him so long as they remain loyal.
Robb ignores their pleas, and he has Lord Karstark brought out to the courtyard of Riverrun to be executed during a driving rainstorm. Karstark points out that not only are both of their Houses descended from the First Men, but the Starks and Karstarks are kin (as House Karstark is a cadet branch of House Stark, founded centuries ago by younger son Karlon Stark). Robb says that their blood relationship did not stop Rickard from betraying him and won't stop Robb from executing him now, but Rickard says it isn't meant to: he wants it to haunt Robb until the day he dies. With his last words, Lord Rickard says that Robb will be cursed (as a kinslayer) and that Robb is no king of his. Obedient to the laws of his father Eddard Stark - that the man who passes the sentence must swing the sword - Robb pronounces the sentence of death and personally beheads Lord Rickard.
Robb's strict adherence to justice makes things turn out just as badly as his advisors said they would: the Karstarks withdraw their soldiers from his army and march for home, resulting in Robb losing almost half of his forces which were stationed at Riverrun. Robb openly admits to Talisa that she was right, and he made a mistake. Robb says Tywin Lannister realizes that he's in such a strong position he doesn't even need to attack the Northerners anymore, he just needs to wait, and let their demoralized forces unravel. When the war began Robb's army was unified around a central purpose, but now they have lost momentum, and his generals are acting like bickering children. Robb shows Talisa a war map of the Seven Kingdoms - depicting Robb's armies concentrated around Riverrun and Harrenhal, Lannister and Tyrell armies overrunning the Stormlands, Lannister/Tyrell armies concentrated in King's Landing, and Greyjoy forces occupying the western coasts of the North. Talisa suggests that he try to take the fight to the Lannisters if they won't come to him, but he explains that this is hopeless. Taking the city would have been difficult to begin with, but now Tywin and the bulk of the main Lannister army, as well as a large Tyrell army, are defending the city. Attacking the capital head-on would be suicide, and Tywin would crush them within a day. Talisa suggests that he lead his army back to the North to repulse the Greyjoys from his homeland and rebuild his powerbase. Robb points out that as soon as all of his tired soldiers are back home, they won't want to leave again - particularly because "winter is coming", and the coming one is expected to be very long, five years or more. The Northerners have been away from their farms fighting in the war, however, so they haven't even begun to collect harvests to set aside as winter stockpiles. Thus if Robb returns to the North, it will be difficult to rally his men to return south to defend the Riverlords who declared for him. Eyeing the map with Talisa, Robb decides that if King's Landing is too strong to attack and he can't return home, his only remaining option is to strike where his enemy is weakest. Robb decides that with the main Lannister army group under Tywin now positioned all the way to the east in King's Landing, he needs to return to the Westerlands and make an all-or-nothing assault against Casterly Rock. This will make the Lannisters lose face, just as Robb did when he lost his home castle of Winterfell, and bring momentum back to his army. However, with the loss of the Karstark forces, they don't currently have enough men to consider attacking Casterly Rock. The only way they can gain enough soldiers to even attempt such an assault is if Robb can win back the allegiance of House Frey, whose thousands of soldiers withdrew from Robb's army when he broke his promise to make a marriage-alliance with them by marrying Talisa, a political nobody, instead of one of the Lord Walder Frey's daughters. Thus, Robb must try to repair his alliance with House Frey.[24]
Robb and his advisors meet with "Black Walder" and Lothar Frey to discuss an alliance for his planned attack on Casterly Rock. The Freys carry Walder Frey's demands for an alliance, which includes a formal apology from Robb, the castle Harrenhal and all of its lands and incomes, and for Edmure to marry Roslin, one of his daughters. Edmure is reluctant to marry a woman he has never met, but is eventually convinced by the group to go through with the arrangement.[25]
In the Riverlands, en route to The Twins, Robb's army is forced to make camp, their progress delayed by heavy rain. Catelyn warns them that the prickly Lord Frey will take the delay as a deliberate insult to him, but Edmure points out that Frey is getting the wedding he wanted; his sister counters that he is getting a wedding, but not the one he wanted, glaring at her son and his wife as she says so, pointing out that Frey wanted one of his daughters wed to a king. Robb retorts that Edmure is the best match House Frey has been offered in its history. Later that night as Robb and Talisa prepare for bed, she reveals that she is pregnant with his child. Robb is gladdened by the news.[26]
Meanwhile, the priestess Melisandre performs a ritual using leeches filled with fresh blood forcibly taken from Gendry, Robert Baratheon's bastard son. At her direction, Stannis Baratheon then throws the leeches onto a fire and recites the names of three people he wants dead: "The usurper Robb Stark, the usurper Balon Greyjoy, the usurper Joffrey Baratheon."[27]
Robb's army arrives at the Twins, the castle seat of House Frey, for his uncle Edmure's wedding. Enduring Lord Walder Frey's insults directed at him and his wife, Robb makes a public apology to Lord Frey's daughters and granddaughters for breaking his promise to marry one of them. Frey accepts the apology and offers the Starks and their men his hospitality.
That night Edmure is introduced to his bride Roslin Frey, discovering much to his relief that she is a beauty. The wedding and the feast that follows it are quite celebratory and lively affairs, with all the participants in high spirits. As the celebrations reach their heights Lord Walder calls for the bedding ceremony. Robb agrees and the bride and groom are carried off to their wedding bed, Roslin carried off by the male guests and followed closely by Edmure, who is collected by the Frey women.
After they leave and the festivities begin to wind down, Catelyn becomes suspicious when she notices Black Walder Rivers close the banquet hall doors and the musicians in the gallery begin playing "The Rains of Castamere"- the song commemorating House Lannister's brutal elimination of House Reyne . Walder rises to make a toast to Robb, and Catelyn, seated beside Lord Roose Bolton, notices that the latter is wearing mail under his clothing. Realizing they are in a trap, Catelyn slaps Roose across the face and screams a warning to Robb, but by then it is too late. Lord Walder signals his men to attack. Lothar draws a knife and repeatedly stabs the pregnant Talisa in the stomach, fatally wounding her and killing their unborn child. Before he can react, Robb is shot by the musicians with crossbows several times and falls to the ground. Numerous other Stark men are killed by the assassins or Frey men. Robb crawls towards Talisa despite his injuries and manages to hold her in his arms, but he sees that she is dead.
Catelyn, having been wounded by a crossbow bolt, manages to take Joyeuse Erenford hostage, threatening to kill her if Walder doesn't spare Robb, who lingers despondent beside his wife's corpse. Walder refuses, dismissing his wife as replaceable. Robb then somehow finds the strength to drag himself back onto his feet, barely, and weakly calls out "Mother!" to her in a daze. As Catelyn looks into Robb's eyes, Roose Bolton steps in front of Robb and tells him that "the Lannisters send their regards," and stabs Robb through the heart.[28]
As the massacre of Robb's army rages outside the Twins, Robb's body is paraded atop a horse across the keep, with the head removed and replaced with that of his direwolf, Grey Wind, sewn in its place as a final act of mockery to the King in the North. This sight is witnessed by Arya and Sandor Clegane during their escape. Later on, Arya and Sandor come across a group of camping Frey soldiers, one of which is describing the process of sewing Grey Wind's head onto Robb's body. Arya stabs the man to death while Sandor kills the rest, exacting a small vengeance for Robb.[29]
Later on, after receiving a raven from Walder Frey with news of the massacre, Tywin summons Tyrion who finds his father in the company of an overjoyed Joffrey along with his mother, Varys and Pycelle. Tyrion reads the letter, at first not knowing what it means, but Joffrey bluntly tells him the news that Robb and his mother are dead, and asks Pycelle to write back to Lord Frey to thank him and command him to send him Robb's head, in order to serve it to Sansa at his wedding feast. After a brief altercation between Joffrey and Tywin, the king is escorted to his chambers and Tyrion is left alone with Tywin, revealing his knowledge of Tywin's involvement in the massacre by promising Walder Frey and Roose Bolton protection from the Northern outrage that is soon to come. Tyrion chides his father for such a dishonorable way to end the war, but Tywin justifies this by claiming that it was to protect their family. After their conversation ends bitterly, Tyrion immediately returns to a tearful Sansa, who has discovered the news of her mother and brother's deaths as well.[29]
Season 4Redaguoti
Emotionally crushed by the deaths of Robb and Catelyn (the only family she believes she had left, apart from Jon Snow), Sansa refuses to eat despite pleas from Shae. When Tyrion attempts to comfort her, she reveals to him that she can no longer sleep, but instead lies awake all night thinking about how her mother and brother died, having learned that the Freys had sewn Grey Wind's head onto Robb's decapitated corpse and later flung Catelyn's corpse into the Trident to rot. Tyrion tells Sansa that he didn't know Robb very well but the brief time he met him in Winterfell was enough for him to know that Robb was a good man.
Having also learned of Robb's death, Jon Snow confides to Samwell Tarly about the last time he saw his brother and how he had been jealous of Robb his whole life for the way his father looked at him, being his trueborn son, something Jon wanted for himself. He adds that even though Robb was better than him at everything when they were young, Jon couldn't hate him even though he wanted to.[30]
At the Dreadfort, Ramsay Snow has also learned of Robb's death and joins his father in pledging allegiance to the Lannisters. While being shaved by Theon Greyjoy, now going by the name "Reek", Ramsay tells him of Robb's death at Roose Bolton's hands, and mockingly offers his condolences, knowing full well that Theon loved Robb like a brother. Despite his betrayal, Theon is visibly shocked at the news of Robb's death, and for a moment appears to be on the verge of slitting Ramsay's throat with the razor in retaliation but refrains from doing so since Roose and Locke are also present. Ramsay is also aware of Robb's close relationship with Jon, whom Ramsay claims may be a threat to their hold on the North if he is to seek revenge for Robb's death.
At the wedding feast of King Joffrey and Margaery Tyrell, Lady Olenna Tyrell briefly consoles Sansa about the Red Wedding, noting that despite it being a time of war, it was still horrid to murder someone in such a disgusting manner, and at a wedding no less, even though ironically Olenna commits a similar crime only moments later by poisoning and subsequently murdering Joffrey at his own wedding feast. Later on in the feast, King Joffrey offers a mock reenactment of the War of the Five Kings with dwarf performers (an insult to Tyrion). One dwarf wears a fake wolf head over his head and constantly yells "I'm the King in the North!", only to end up "beheaded" by the dwarf portraying Joffrey. Much to Sansa's disgust and heartache, the dwarf Joffrey then simulates having intercourse with the decapitated "wolf head". Joffrey is assassinated moments later, ironically perishing at his own wedding feast, just like Robb.[31]
Season 5Redaguoti
Despite the fact that he had previously participated in a blood ritual out of hope that it would lead to Robb's death, Stannis Baratheon remains disgusted at the manner of his demise and offers to avenge him by killing Roose Bolton in an attempt to sway Jon Snow to his side.[32] Later, when Jon is signing request letters to various Houses for new recruits as the newly elected Lord Commander of the Night's Watch, he balks at sending one to Roose Bolton, reminding Samwell Tarly that Roose murdered his brother. Though Sam is aware of that and apologizes for presenting Jon with such an unsavory task, he reminds him that the Watch is in dire need of men and supplies, and they cannot get them without help from the Warden of the North. With disgust, Jon reluctantly signs the letter to the Boltons.[33]
Meanwhile, Sansa Stark is brought to Winterfell by Petyr Baelish in order to be wed. Initially thinking she was to be married to Roose Bolton, Sansa is mortified at the idea of having to marry the man who murdered her brother. Although Petyr corrected her by informing her that she was to be wed to his son, Ramsay Bolton - this did not make Sansa less displeased about this betrothal. However, she eventually agrees to go along with it under the pretence that Winterfell was her home, and that she would be in a position to avenge her family. When Sansa finally arrives in Winterfell and is greeted by the Boltons, she greets her brother's killer with polite courtesy - although not without hesitation, given her obvious hatred of Roose.[34]
On the night that Sansa and Ramsay wed, Theon is forced to give the bride away and watch as Ramsay proceeds to forcibly consummate their marriage. While all of this happening, Theon wears a tunic identical to the one that Robb wore at the Red Wedding. Whether or not this was intended by the Boltons to further mock Robb's death is unclear.[35]
Over the next few days, Ramsay continues to force himself on Sansa, who turns to Theon for help only to discover later on that he informed Ramsay of her escape plan. She demands an answer for his latest betrayal and coldly expresses approval when he tells her about the horrific tortures Ramsay put him through. Theon shamefully admits he deserves to be "Reek" and lists the many terrible things he did, first of which was betraying Robb.[36]
Eventually, however, Theon begins to atone for his role in Robb's downfall by killing Myranda just as she was about to maim Sansa with an arrow and helping her escape Winterfell by jumping off the parapet with her.[37]
Robb has a keen sense of honor and justice, which he received from his father. He is fair, caring, and will do anything to keep his family safe. Unlike Roose Bolton, one of his central bannermen, Robb sees no reason for torture, cruelty, or unnecessary executions and treats his prisoners of war well and justly. He does not wish for violence or war and does his best to limit the deaths and casualties on both sides.
Robb has a surprisingly keen mind for warfare and strategy, a trait that takes Tywin Lannister completely by surprise, who saw Robb as a stupid child who hadn't the slightest idea of the violence of war and after his first taste of battle would "run back to Winterfell with his tail between his legs." The Lannisters were quite surprised when Robb led a stunning surprise attack in the Battle of the Whispering Wood to crush the western half of the Lannister armies under Jaime. Tywin also did not expect Robb to have the determination to send hundreds of his own men to their deaths in a feint to the east.
Robb is very much his father's son, but this means that he has not only his father's strengths but his father's weaknesses. Like his father, Robb lacks proper political skills and has a tendency to put honor before reason. He married a political nobody out of love, needlessly spurning a badly needed political alliance with the Freys. Robb also put honor before pragmatic political needs when he executed Lord Rickard Karstark for treason and murder, costing him the Karstark contingent from his army. Like most Northerners, Robb is more proficient as a warrior than as a politician and court maneuverer. Much like Robert Baratheon before him, Robb Stark is an excellent warrior and military commander but a bad politician.
|Season One appearances
|Winter is Coming
|The Kingsroad
|Lord Snow
|Cripples, Bastards and Broken Things
|The Wolf and the Lion
|A Golden Crown
|You Win or You Die
|The Pointy End
|Fire and Blood
|Season Two appearances
|The North Remembers
|The Night Lands
|What is Dead May Never Die
|Garden of Bones
|The Ghost of Harrenhal
|The Old Gods and the New
|A Man Without Honor
|The Prince of Winterfell
|Valar Morghulis
|Season Three appearances
|Valar Dohaeris
|Dark Wings, Dark Words
|Walk of Punishment
|And Now His Watch is Ended
|Kissed by Fire
|The Climb
|The Bear and the Maiden Fair
|Second Sons
|The Rains of Castamere
|Mhysa *
* Only appears as a headless corpse.
Image galleryRedaguoti
Family treeRedaguoti
- Spoken by Robb Stark
- "There must always be a Stark in Winterfell. Until I return that will be you. You are not to leave the castle walls while we are gone, do you understand? Listen to Maester Luwin. Look after your little brother."
- ―Robb Stark to Bran Stark
- "Tell Lord Tywin, winter is coming for him. Twenty thousand northerners marching south to find out if he really does shit gold."
- ―Robb Stark to a Lannister scout
- "The King Joffrey Baratheon is neither a true King, nor a true Baratheon. He's your bastard son."
- ―Robb Stark to Jaime Lannister
- "From this time until the end of time, we are a free and independent kingdom."
- ―Robb Stark
- "My father is dead. And the only parent I have left has no right to call anyone reckless."
- ―Robb Stark to Catelyn Stark
- "I wanted to draw the Mountain into the west, into our country where we could surround him and kill him. I wanted him to chase us, which he would have done because he is a mad dog without a strategic thought in his head. I could have that head on a spike by now. Instead, I have a mill."
- ―Robb Stark to Edmure Tully
- "Tell your son Bran and Rickon's safety is paramount. And Theon... I want him brought to me alive. I want to look him in the eye and ask him 'Why?'... and then I will take his head myself!"
- ―Robb Stark to Roose Bolton
- "If we take Tywin's castle from him, the lords of Westeros will realize he's not invincible. Take his home, take his gold, take his power."
- ―Robb Stark to Catelyn Stark
- "My ladies, all men should keep their word, kings most of all. I was pledged to marry one of you and I broke that vow. The fault is not with you, and any man would be lucky to have any one of you. I did what I did not to slight you, but because I loved another. I know these words cannot set right the wrong I have done to you and your house. I beg your forgiveness, and pledge to do all I can to make amends so the Freys of the Crossing and the Starks of Winterfell can once again be friends."
- ―Robb Stark to Walder Frey's daughters and granddaughters.
- "Mother..."
- ―Last word.
- "We have been underestimating the Stark boy for too long."
- ―Tywin Lannister on Robb Stark
- "Here comes the King in the North!"
- ―A Frey solider on the now-deceased Robb with Grey Wind's head sewn in place of his own.
- Walder Frey: "Must have been torture following that stupid boy all over the country."
- Roose Bolton: "He ignored my advice at every turn. If he'd been a trifle less arrogant..."
- Walder Frey: "Calling himself 'The Young Wolf'? How's that for pomposity?! Well, here's to the Young Wolf! [He makes a mocking wolf howl.]'"
- Roose Bolton: "Forever young."
- — Walder Frey and Roose Bolton gloat over Robb Stark's death.[src]
- "Those cowards. Couldn't face Robb like a man so they stabbed him in the back. They couldn't even give him an honorable death. Let him die fighting....."
- ―Jon Snow to Gared Tuttle.
- "The last time I saw him, I was in the courtyard at Winterfell. He said, "Next time I see you, you'll be all in black". I was jealous of Robb my whole life. The way my father looked at him, I wanted that. He was better than me at everything. Fighting, and hunting, and riding, and girls. Gods, the girls loved him. I wanted to hate him, but I never could."
- ―Jon Snow mourns Robb Stark.
Behind the scenesRedaguoti
- On the Season 1 Blu-ray, Robb narrates the Complete Guide to Westeros videos on "The Field of Fire" and "House Stark". On the Season 2 Blu-ray he narrates a Histories & Lore video on the "Greyjoy Rebellion".
In the booksRedaguoti
In the A Song of Ice and Fire novels, Robb is 14 years old when the story begins. He is his father's son, with a keen sense of honor and justice. Robb is not a POV character, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as his mother and Theon Greyjoy. Robb is largely a background character in the second and third novels; important events in his life, including his successes at Oxcross, Ashemark, and the Crag, and his marriage, are only revealed when POV characters learn of them or discuss them.
There are some minor differences from the books. He tells Bran that when Grey Wind tore off the Greatjon's fingers, he was very scared about the possible consequences but couldn't show it. Later, he accepts his mother's tactical advice while splitting his army in two, appointing the cautious, experienced Roose Bolton in command of the army tasked with delaying the Lannisters at the Green Fork.
Robb's appearance in the books is also different - he is described in the books as having the thick auburn hair of the Tullys, while on the show Robb has dark brown curly hair and a more lean build. Bran Stark's hair color is also darker on the TV series. In the books, all of Eddard's children except Arya (and of course, Jon Snow) inherited from their mother Catelyn the typical House Tully features of auburn hair and blue eyes.
Talisa Maegyr does not appear in the novels. The woman Robb falls in love with is Jeyne Westerling, a noblewoman of House Westerling, an ancient but impoverished vassal house of the Lannisters in the Westerlands. Robb is wounded while storming the Westerlings' ancestral castle, the Crag, and Jeyne nurses him back to health. She comforts Robb when he is grief-stricken by the (false) reports of the deaths of Bran and Rickon, and they sleep together. Having taken her maidenhood, Robb feels honor bound to marry her, despite his previous oath to marry a daughter of Walder Frey. The fallout from the marriage is much the same as his marriage to Talisa in the TV series, although Jeyne is not present at the Red Wedding. Jaime Lannister later reflects that Jeyne was "not a beauty to lose a kingdom for."
During the War of the Five Kings, Robb also begins to wear a bronze and iron crown just like his ancestors, the Kings of Winter.
Robb's last words are slightly different in the novels. In both versions, he has been shot with several arrows already and is struggling to remain conscious, but somehow manages to find the strength to stagger to his feet. Catelyn calls to him to flee, and his last words are "Mother...Grey Wind..." - because they can hear his direwolf howling outside the castle as the Freys attack it with hunting dogs (resulting in a bloody fight that only ends when they shoot the wolf with crossbows). Roose Bolton then stabs Robb through the heart, finishing him off, saying "Jaime Lannister sends his regards". The TV series slightly changed this to "The Lannisters send their regards", for fear that some viewers would be confused that Jaime was somehow involved with planning the massacre, which he was not (even the cast and crew on set were getting confused by the original line).
Robb's last spoken words are later echoed by his bastard half-brother Jon Snow's last words while being stabbed in the Mutiny at Castle Black (which happened at the end of Season 5 in the TV series). Jon's last utterance as he fades out of consciousness at the end of the fifth novel is actually "Ghost" - both brothers called to their direwolves as they were dying. The TV series simply omitted this.
See alsoRedaguoti
- Robb Stark on A Wiki of Ice and Fire (MAJOR spoilers from the books).
- ↑ Robert's Rebellion was 17 years before Season 1 in the TV series, making Robb 16 years old in Season 1. Two years pass by Season 3, making him 18 years old.
- ↑ HBO viewers guide, season 2 guide to houses, House Stark entry
- ↑ HBO viewers guide, season 2 guide to houses, House Stark - Robb Stark entry
- ↑ "Winter is Coming"
- ↑ "The Kingsroad"
- ↑ "Cripples, Bastards and Broken Things"
- ↑ "Lord Snow"
- ↑ "A Golden Crown"
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 "The Pointy End"
- ↑ "Baelor"
- ↑ "Fire and Blood"
- ↑ HBO viewers guide, season 2 map, special features - Areas of Control, Robb Stark entry
- ↑ "The North Remembers"
- ↑ "The Night Lands"
- ↑ "Garden of Bones"
- ↑ "The Ghost of Harrenhal"
- ↑ "The Old Gods and the New"
- ↑ "A Man Without Honor"
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 "The Prince of Winterfell"
- ↑ "Valar Morghulis"
- ↑ "Valar Dohaeris"
- ↑ "Dark Wings, Dark Words"
- ↑ "Walk of Punishment"
- ↑ "Kissed by Fire"
- ↑ "The Climb"
- ↑ "The Bear and the Maiden Fair"
- ↑ "Second Sons"
- ↑ "The Rains of Castamere"
- ↑ 29,0 29,1 "Mhysa"
- ↑ "Two Swords"
- ↑ "The Lion and the Rose"
- ↑ "The Wars to Come
- ↑ "Sons of the Harpy"
- ↑ "High Sparrow"
- ↑ "Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken
- ↑ "Hardhome"
- ↑ "Mother's Mercy"
|Stark giminė


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LOS ANGELES, April 26 (UPI) -- Actor Columbus Short announced he won't return for Season 4 of ABC drama Scandal.
Short released a statement announcing the move to Entertainment Weekly, but didn't offer an explanation.
"At this time I must confirm my exit from a show I've called home for three years, with what is the most talented ensemble on television today. I would like to first thank [creator] Shonda Rhimes for the opportunity to work with such an amazing cast. Thank you GLADIATORS, who have supported me throughout my entire career and of course to ABC and Shondaland for allowing me to play such a pivotal role in the Scandal series. I have enjoyed every single minute of it. Everything must come to an end and unfortunately the time has come for Harrison Wright to exit the canvas. I wish nothing but the best for Shonda, Kerry and the rest of the cast, who have become like a second family to me in such a short amount of time. For this, I will forever be grateful," he wrote.
The season finale of Scandal aired last week and Short's character's fate was left in doubt. The character, Harrison, was held at gunpoint in the final minutes of the television episode.
Short has had a number a legal problems in recent months, first after reportedly "sucker punching" a man in a Los Angeles bar fight in March.
His wife, Tanee Short, also filed a restraining order against the actor after he allegedly threatened to kill her and himself earlier in April. She filed for divorce and full custody of their 2-year-old daughter.


text:
Bryan at Hot Air reviews some of HRC's experience. It's not a pretty picture.
Hillary seems to understand real global conflict through the prism of Vietnam and through domestic politics. The latter is understandable as it does impact a president's ability to lead, though it doesn't ultimately speak well of her humanitarian principles; the former in the case of Yugoslavia is just about entirely wrong-headed. But it's typical of Hillary's slice of her generation, a group of people who seem to see in every single conflict everywhere in the world another Vietnam. To me, that by itself is enough reason to keep her away from presidential power. Every war isn't Vietnam, but the fear of creating wars like that one will distort decision-making in unhealthy ways.
If you read the two articles, the picture of Hillary that emerges is of someone who exercised some influence and occasional power but without much in the way of direct responsibility, and who is pragmatic rather than principled, thin-skinned and difficult, and who puts her peculiar political priorities above the interests of the nation she wants to lead. Not serve, but lead. The idea of service doesn't seem to be in her DNA. She wants to lead, but seems to be completely devoid of any guiding principles beyond the pursuit of power. That's not a new critique of Hillary Clinton by any means, but it sure seems to be an accurate one.
If Hillary is running on her experience, why is she still withholding 2,600 pages of documents that detail her so called "experience"?


text:
Girl Scout Cookies candy bars announced
A few months ago, after a random photo leaked online, the Girl Scouts of America reluctantly confirmed that a special candy bar based on their famous cookies was in the works from Nestlé. This morning, to help celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Girl Scouts, the delicious new diet-killer was officially unveiled. "When word of this irresistible combination of Nestlé Crunch and Girl Scout Cookie flavors leaked earlier this year, consumers started calling," said Nestlé spokesperson Tricia Bowles, in a statement. "One said he'd give us all of his money for Nestlé Crunch Girl Scout Candy Bars! Another said she'd do 'anything' to get her hands on some, and our retailers seem to feel the same way. Fans should be ready to buy 'the world's most valuable candy bars' before they are all gone!"
See, this being the Girl Scouts, these treats have a self-imposed expiration date. Just as their famous cookies can only be purchased "in season" (and heaven forbid if we were allowed to order them online!), the new candy bars — which come in Thin Mints, Caramel & Coconut (hello! Samoas!), and Peanut Butter Crème — go on sale tomorrow. A limited pre-sale supply is being made available on Facebook, and when they run out, you'll have to wait for June 1 for the limited edition candy bars in stores. By September, Nestlé expects all their inventory to be gone… sooner if people eat theirs as quickly as I consumed mine. I recommend the Thin Mints, which taste like a refreshing oversized Kit Kat bar.
Taking a page from the Willy Wonka playbook, the Scouts and Nestlé are also putting three limited edition candy bars from the production's first run up for auction. Heritage Auctions is anticipating bids of more than $100 for each, which seems high until you remember how your roommate polished off that entire box of Tagalongs during a single freakin' commercial. All proceeds will benefit the local Girl Scouts council, Girl Scouts of Greater Los Angeles, so wannabe Veruca Salts can stuff their faces while also nourishing their spirit.
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