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Special to The Hays Daily News
Harvest season is underway in parts of the state, and the Kansas Highway Patrol is reminding motorists to use more caution and patience when traveling around farm trucks, tractors, combines and other farm implements.
Most farm equipment is not designed to travel at highway speeds, and might only be designed to travel 15 to 25 mph. Farm equipment is often wider than other vehicles, and is sometimes wider than the lane of traffic, so extra room should be allowed when traveling near a farm implement on the road. Extra caution should be practiced on all roads, but especially on the busy rural roads with unmarked intersections.
Here are some safety tips to keep in mind when sharing roads with farmers:
* Don't assume the farmer knows you're there. Most operators of farm equipment regularly check for vehicles behind them. However, most of their time must be spent looking ahead to stay on the road and to watch for oncoming traffic. Implements are extremely loud, hindering the farmer's ability to hear your vehicle.
* Pass with extreme caution. Don't pass unless you can see clearly ahead of both your vehicle and the farm equipment you are passing. If there are curves or hills blocking your view of oncoming traffic, wait until you can clearly see the area you're passing. You should not pass in a designated "No Passing Zone," even if you are stuck behind a farm vehicle. Do not pass if you are within 100 feet of any intersection, railroad grade crossing, bridge, elevated structure or tunnel.
* Allow extra room when following farm equipment. With slow-moving vehicles, a passenger vehicle can close in on the empty space much more quickly. Just because a farm vehicle pulls to the right side of the road, does not mean it is turning right or allowing you to pass. Due to the size of some farm equipment, the farmer must execute wide left turns, so allow it plenty of room and time to turn, and be alert to see if there might be a driveway or field they might be turning into.
* Be patient. Don't assume a farmer can move to let you pass. Shoulders could be soft, wet or steep, which can cause the farm vehicle to tip, or the shoulder might not support the weight of a heavy vehicle. The farmer understands you are being delayed and will move at the first safe location available.
* Think of the slow-moving vehicle emblem as a warning to adjust your speed. When you see the slow-moving vehicle emblem, you should slow down immediately. While the emblems are visible from a long distance, it is often difficult to judge the speed at which you are closing in on a vehicle, especially at night.
* Pay attention. When you are not focused solely on the road, you increase your chances of a collision, especially if you should come upon a slow moving farm vehicle.


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Posts Tagged 'RottenDefiance Hunt'
Halloween Goodies
October 30, 2011 2 comments
On all three ::Duh!:: Mary Janes Orange – Halloween Subscribo Group Gift
al vulo – Easy merry widow sikly tone (former group gift no longer available)
Raw House Raquella Lt Brown Hair – Seasons Hunt (last day)
RottenDefiance Hang U Shirt Bottom Orange Skull Hunt (free)
RottenDefiance Haunted Carosel Tee Skull Hunt (free)
Sheep Door Check Pants In store group gift
Glam Affair Amelie Skin Silent Doll – Group Gift (30L join fee)
Lo*momo* 3rd anniversary Hair with Hat Group Gift in store
Lo*momo* 3rd anniversary Dress Group Gift in store
Mother Goose's Milla skin – Lucky Board
fri. Apple II Ash Blonde (not free)
Jane Needful things romper copper – subscribo group gift, check history
Jane lil piggies tights fuzzy cedar – subscribo group gift, check history
Pivaaca Cable Knitting Vest Light Grey – Season's Hunt Gift
::Para Designs:: Musicfest Black Light Tattoo – Zombie Popcorn Hunt
I'm taking this chance to show you my Halloween gift to my subscribers. My Mary Janes in an unreleased rusty orange color are headed your way if you belong to my subscriber group. If you don't yet, you can join and hit up the redelivery terminal for all my past gifts.
Both the Zombie Popcorn and Seasons Hunts are ending (the Seasons Hunt is actually over tonight) so hurry out if you haven't grabbed these gifts. Also available for hunting fun are gifts from RottenDefiance. The sign at the landing point says there are 10 skulls but I found quite a few more than that. The gifts are a nice assortment of clothing, hoofs and horns. And don't forget to check the subscriber history (#2 right now) for Jane's one year anniversary gifts. They are an incredibly generous assortment of tights, rompers and sweaters in every color you can imagine!
Categories: Freebies and Cheapies, Hunts RottenDefiance Hunt, Seasons Hunt, Zombie Popcorn Hunt

subset: commoncrawl


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In my last post, I fantasized about having an iPad when I was in college three decades (gulp) ago. Today's students don't have to fantasize about using an iPad for schoolwork — it exists, and it's tremendously useful. And oddly enough, one way Apple is making it more useful is by introducing a new suite of web apps that don't even work on an iPad.
The web apps in question are Pages, Numbers and Keynote, the components which make up the productivity suite called iWork. Already available for the iPad, iPhone and Mac, they're going online as iWork for iCloud, a version that works in desktop browsers on Windows PCs and Macs.
Apple announced iWork for iCloud at its WWDC keynote in June. It then rolled out a beta version to developers and has been gradually allowing in other iCloud users. Soon, the company says, it'll let in the remaining iCloud users in the U.S. who don't yet have access. It hasn't announced pricing details, but for now, at least, the service is free, and still in beta.
So how does iWork for iCloud make the iPad more useful, especially since students, and the rest of us, don't lack for other browser-based productivity apps — most notably those included in Google Docs and Microsoft's Office Web Apps? Basically, it allows you to create word-processing documents, spreadsheets and presentations on an iPad and then easily work with them on any Internet-connected Windows or Mac computer — in a computer lab, a dorm room or wherever. All versions of the iWork apps support the Documents in the Cloud feature, which lets you store files in a single online repository so all your stuff is available everywhere.
By making Pages, Numbers and Keynote, and the documents you create in them, readily available on any computer, iWork for iCloud makes it a lot more feasible to work on an iPad without having to convert documents back and forth into Microsoft Office format. (That said, it does import and export in Word, Excel and PowerPoint, still an essential feature for any productivity suite.) It's the first time that the apps have been available at all on Windows, and the first time that Mac users have had access to them without paying for the OS X versions — which run $20 apiece for Pages, Numbers and Keynote. (The iOS versions are $10 each.) It makes the whole iWork proposition more appealing than it's ever been.
If you've used any other version of any of the iWork apps, you already have a good sense of what the iCloud editions are like. That's in part because the look and feel is quite similar, but also because they all have the same emphasis as earlier incarnations.
Compared to other productivity suites, they don't have the most features — which is particularly logical in this instance, given that Google Docs and the Office Web Apps have such a formidable head start. But the iWork apps are beautifully polished, and they've got tools that let you easily create beautifully polished creations, such as word-processing documents with fancy typography and images and presentations with fluid transitions. They're some of the most ambitious, zippy, desktop-like web apps Apple or anyone else has created. Put your browser into full-screen mode, and it's easy to forget that you're not using really well-designed conventional software.
I hope that certain missing features show up before long. Numbers can display existing charts but doesn't let you create new ones. (Apple says it'll get that feature soon.) None of the apps let you print directly, although you can e-mail yourself a PDF and print that out. I can't find any way to get a word count in Pages, and Keynote has a 100MB limit on presentation file size. And there are no collaborative editing tools, as there are in Google Docs and the Office Web Apps.
With any luck, Apple will beef up iWork for iCloud swiftly, filling in the biggest current holes and continuing to update it more often than it has the OS X version of the suite. (The OS X version of the iWork apps are still known as Pages '09, Numbers '09 and Keynote '09, although they've gotten some additional stuff, such as Documents in the Cloud support, more recently than that name suggests; Apple says that it'll release updated versions later this year.)
Even in its initial beta version, iWork for iCloud is impressive. I think a lot of students will love it — especially if Apple includes it as part of every free iCloud account. More thoughts once it's officially available to everybody.


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but nice defensive play there on the reverse – especially by Howard Green!
weak call against Chillar
2 Responses to "weak call against Chillar"
mark Says:
October 31, 2010 at 3:32 pm |
it looks like it will be 7-3 jets – the packs offense looks like theyd ratherbe anywhere else but playing football- no life!
Dave in Tucson Says:
October 31, 2010 at 3:38 pm |
Speaking of Woodson!
That's prolly overturned, tho, if the Jets had any challenges left.


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Wiki for statistical consulting
From Wiki1
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* [[SCS Reads 2016-2017|SCS Reads 2016-2017 Rethinking Statistics]]
* [[SCS Reads 2016-2017|SCS Reads 2016-2017 Rethinking Statistics]]
* [[SCS Reads 2015-2016|SCS Reads 2015-2016 Bayesian Statistics in the Social Sciences]]
* [[SCS Reads 2015-2016|SCS Reads 2015-2016 Bayesian Statistics in the Social Sciences]]
* [[SCS Reads 2014-2015]]
* [[SCS Reads 2014-2015]]
* [[SCS Reads Nominations|Past and current nominations for SCS Reads]]
* [[SCS Reads Nominations|Past and current nominations for SCS Reads]]
* [[SCS Reads -- past seminars]]
* [[SCS Reads -- past seminars]]
Revision as of 13:03, 30 August 2019
This is the wiki for the Statistical Consulting Service at York University. You can make appointments online to see one of our consultants.
Suggestion: to discuss the structure of the wiki, click on the discussion tab above.
If you would like to have an account on this wiki, please contact Georges Monette [1].
Hot topics
- Contribute to the list of programs in Data Sciences.
- Sometimes Asked Questions
- It would be a great contribution to compile a list of exemplary subject-matter papers reporting statistical methods, especially modern methods such as longitudinal data analysis, etc.
- SCS Reads 2019-2020 ????????
- SCS Reads 2018-2019 Causality mainly
- SCS Reads 2017-2018 Counterfactuals and Causal Inference
- SCS Reads 2016-2017 Rethinking Statistics
- SCS Reads 2015-2016 Bayesian Statistics in the Social Sciences
- SCS Reads 2014-2015 Frank Harrell's Regression Modeling Strategies
- Past and current nominations for SCS Reads
- SCS Reads -- past seminars
Statistical Seminars in the Toronto Area
Workshops and Courses
- ICPSR 2017 Course in Longitudinal Data Analysis with Mixed and Bayesian Models
- SCS 2017 Models and Analysis for Longitudinal and Nested Data
- SCS 2014: Visualizing Regression
- Mixed Models with R
- SPIDA 2012: Mixed Models with R
- SCS 2012: Mixed Models with R
- SCS 2011: Statistical Analysis and Programming with R
- SCS 2012: A Gentle Introduction to R
- MATH 6627 Practicum in Statistical Consulting
- MATH 6643 Summer 2012 Applications of Mixed Models
Data Analysis
- Latent Variable Models (e.g. SEM, CFA, IRT, LCA)
- General Linear Models (e.g. multiple regression, ANOVA)
- Categorical Data Analysis (e.g.contingency tables, chi-square, logistic regression)
- Aggregate Data (e.g. meta-analysis)
Displaying Data and Reporting
- Good papers on graphs:
- Lane, D.M., & Sandor, A. (2009). Designing better graphs by including distributional information and integrating words, numbers, and images. Psychological Methods, 14, 239-257.
- Kastellec, J. P. and Leoni, E. L. (2007) Using Graphs Instead of Tables in Political Science, Perspectives on Politics, 5, 755--771.
- See also the related web site for Kastellec & Leoni, Using Graphs Instead of Tables.
Statistical Topics
- Causality
- Model Selection
- Programs in Data Sciences
- Professional Accreditation
- Statistics
- Statistics in the News
Statistical Consulting Support
- Janice Derr on the Qualities of an Effective Statistical Consultant File:Janice Derr on Consulting.pdf
- PSPP: open-source package inspired by SPSS
- MPlus
- How to access software remotely from York's WebFAS system:
Local R packages
The 'spida' and 'p3d' packages are now available through github with
- devtools::install_github('gmonette/spida2') and
- devtools::install_github('gmonette/p3d')
SCS Administration
Interesting Links
Statistical consulting services at other universities
Did you know?


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The Fraser fir branches turn slightly upward. They have good form and needle-retention. They are dark blue-green in color. They have a pleasant scent, and excellent shipping characteristics as well.
In many respects, Fraser fir and balsam fir are quite similar, although the geographic ranges of the two species do not overlap. Some scientists even suggest that because of the many similarities, the two species were once a single species which has since evolved into the present-day forms.


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If you've ever bypassed drab landscape paintings at a garage sale or your local op shop, these cheeky altered artworks might make you think again. In a quirky departure from the urban additions made famous by Banksy, these monstrous alterations are a little bit whimsical, and sometimes just a little bit creepy too!
US-based artist Chris McMahon has been adding a range of fantastical monsters to acquired landscapes since 2009, and describes them as "involuntary collaborations." If your walls need a furry land narwhal or two (and really, whose doesn't?!) then can you grab prints via deviantArt.
[Godzilla by Thryza Segal]
Thryza Segal has been adding her theatrical spin to the style since a Godzilla-based request back in 2007, and her style soon evolved into alien alterations and adorable back stories!
Based in Vancouver, Thryza cites her background in set and costume design as the inspiration for her interventions, and tries to bring new life to paintings that were otherwise destined for the scrapheap - for example, the alterations in Fun at the Lake cover a large damaged area in the most adorable of ways!
Prints are currently available from her Etsy store, and the originals are destined for a silent auction next month.
[Via TwistedSifter]


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Police: 2 women report robberies at Maryland Live casino
Police: Man arrested, charged
Anne Arundel County police have found and arrested a man they said held up two victims with a knife while trying to rob them at Maryland Live Casino.
Police said the culprit robbed a 35-year-old woman in her car around 7:45 a.m. Sunday and tried to rob a 71-year-old woman as she was about to get on an elevator at the casino.
Police said the second attempt was unsuccessful, and neither victim was hurt.
"When we arrived, we spoke with (the 71-year-old), and while speaking with her, a 35-year-old female reported to us that she was in fact robbed at knifepoint inside the garage at Maryland Live. Officers scoured the area looking for the suspect but were unable to locate him," said police Lt. T.J. Smith.
Investigators said they worked with witnesses, security personnel and surveillance footage at the Maryland Live Casino to find and arrest Paul Johann Morin, 32, of Bowie.
"I want to thank the detectives who worked quickly based on the information they received to bring this case to a closure," Anne Arundel County Police Chief Kevin Davis said. "Without our partnership with the casino and the vigilance of the witnesses, we would not have been able to bring this case to such a quick resolution."
Morin was charged with armed robbery, robbery, second-degree assault and related charges. He's being held at the Anne Arundel County Detention Center.
"We consider it to be an infrequent occurrence and an anomaly," said police spokesman Justin Mulcahy of the incidents.
Representatives from Maryland Live released a statement Monday, calling the situation an extremely isolated event. The statement in part said: "Maryland Live takes the safety and security of our employees and guests very seriously and will always make it a top priority to ensure that the most effective security systems are put in place to safeguard against such incidents."
Even though police have a suspect in custody, people at a nearby Costco said it raises a lot of concerns.
"I think it's definitely an increase for crime. People make money, and people wait outside to take their money," Carole Dancy said.
"I would be concerned for my safety going there, worrying about being held up or something like that," Christopher Henry said.


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Praying for Newtown
Right now I'm at a time in my life that can be characterized as a "transition period." I've been on a mad apartment search recently, along with trying to take the next step in my journalism career. For about a month I've kind of been "platooning," if you will (or as I like to think of it, choosing the lesser of two evils); going back-and-forth between my dad's place in Elmsford, N.Y. – and my mom's house in Newtown, Conn.
Last night, this morning – and as I'm writing this, in fact – I'm in Newtown.
I woke up at about 9:00 this morning, which surprised me. I was up until the wee hours of the morning; updating the Yankee Yapping Facebook page for the first time in awhile, not needing to be up early. I fell back asleep and woke up around 11 to find out what happened at Sandy Hook.
20 schoolchildren dead at the hands of a gunman, 26 total fatalities.
When the shooting at Columbine in Colorado happened, I was in sixth grade. I was a sophomore in college when a young man at Virginia Tech went on a spree in the spring of 2007, taking the lives of 32 people, including his fellow students. And now, this tragedy – the tragedy of Newtown.
There are a few details about this case that are leaving me in utter disbelief. For one, the location. When the massacre took place at Columbine, I was a lot younger and didn't think much of it. The shooting transpired somewhere near the Rocky Mountains, thousands of miles from me and my school.
Same story in terms of Virginia Tech. I went to college in Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. – the distance between my school and where the shooting occurred not being as far as Colorado, but then again not exactly right down the street, either.
With no exaggeration, the shooting in Newtown unfolded literally minutes away from where I was sleeping; three miles to be exact. It's terrifying to think this happened at all, let alone so close to home.
What's also baffling to me is the age of the killer. According to the police officers currently issuing comments, the gunman, being identified at press time as Adam Lanza, was 20. Why would he target an elementary school?
I would think if Lanza, being only a 20-year-old man, were to go on any type of spree he'd almost duplicate the VT shooting; perhaps go after kids his own age. Instead of doing that, like an even bigger coward, he killed defenseless kindergartners.
I am not a psychologist, nor will I ever be one, so there would be no use for me to sit here and attempt to understand or deduce why this young man did what he did this morning. However, I can confidently say this: the man who committed this despicable crime obviously had serious problems – but even so, there's no excuse for his disgusting actions.
There is never any excuse when children are involved.
The journalist in me also has to call into question the ethics of the media: my fellow press members who covered this tragedy. There was absolutely no reason to get sound bites from the kids in the school – the surviving students who witnessed what happened. If anything, interview the teachers and first responders on the matter.
According to the local news, the children were led out of the school by teachers and police officers, and were told to close their eyes until they got outside, only to avoid the gruesome and nightmarish sight of blood and dead classmates.
After having to endure that, stick to the adults, guys. The kids had been through enough.
Right now I'd like to extend my thoughts and prayers with everyone here in Newtown. As an honorary, or at least part-time resident of this town, my heartfelt condolences go out to the parents and families affected, as well as those 20 innocent children who lost their lives. I know that God has a special place in Heaven for each and every one of them.
As long as I'm sending out thoughts and prayers, I'd also like to take this time to remember Gloria Santiago, who was a dear and best friend of my older sister's. Gloria passed away last week; she was a HUGE, TRUE BLUE Yankee fan – as a matter of fact, she was buried in a Yankee casket. But more importantly, she was a wonderful girl with a beautiful personality.
I last saw Gloria at my nephew's christening back in August. She developed a sickness not long after that and before we knew it, she was gone. Especially on a day like today, it's important to keep in mind how precarious life can be sometimes; how short it really is.
My prayers are with the Santiago family as well as Gloria's friends. She touched a lot people's hearts in her life. She will certainly be missed and not forgotten.
Jeesh. Just a bad time we're living in, I'm afraid.


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It seems odd that when corporations show their commitment to society through CSR they get the most out of doing something about the little things. Companies that are successful looks at what they do well and tries to figures out how this impact communities that they are active in, in ways they could not imagine if they did not have the tools provided though CSR.
When reviewing the many definitions of CSR that is out there it gives little or no clue how actually to conduct social responsibility. It would seem that if one just followed conventional wisdom it would be hard if not impossible to satisfy even the simplest requirements given by all these different classifications.
"The Social Responsibility refers to the obligations of businessmen to pursue those policies, to make those decisions, or to follow those lines of action which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society." Bowen, 1953 in Social Responsibilities of the Businessman, which commonly regarded as the first milestone in modern CSR research and practice.
Another more modern definition have been issued by the International Standards Organisation (ISO) through their guidance on social responsibility "Responsibility of an organization for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment, through transparent and ethical behaviour that contributes to sustainable development, including health and the welfare of society; takes into account the expectations of stakeholders; is in compliance with applicable law and consistent with international norms of behaviour; and is integrated throughout the organization and practiced in its relationships."
Both of these very fine definitions give little or no clue to what companies should actually do to both successful in terms of profit, development and continued competitive advantage, and at the same time being in tune with societies moral compass.
But some companies have actually done quite well trying to combine their CSR with their core business. Just to give a few examples.
Danish Novo Nordisk has committed themselves to the task of "Changing diabetes" and have successfully introduced new products like Victoza inline with their core mission statement
The Swedish fashion company, H&M have under the statement "Conscious" has with worked to create sustainable fashion through a comprehensive CSR system that reduce risks in their supply chain.
Vivendi, the French telecom company, have initiated a program that promotes the safe use of the Internet to youth.
All of these initiatives are small when it comes to the efforts that the company needs to put into them because it is embedded in the "what we do" part of their business, but even so that have a huge impact on their outreach to the communities they are active in.
So even though it would seem that these successful companies are focusing on the "little things" they do represent a significant societal impact exactly for that reason.


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The Forex world is constantly evolving and during its weekly trading hours there is a wealth of news a trader must keep on top of if they want to make the most money possible. Indeed, because the market can be affected by a number of dynamics, it is essential they know exactly what's happening at all times in order to avoid any unprofitable deals.
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Knowing the value of each currency based on various internal and external factors is crucial and the reason why FXBrokerSearch.com's Forex news centre is a vital resource. Drawing on a number of resources, our information section provides the latest information and data from which users can refine their trading activity.
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Based on these conditions, fxBrokerSearch.com will not be held responsible for any losses incurred through trades conducted in light of data presented on this site.


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About Us
A Century of Service to Southern California Golfers
The Southern California Golf Association is devoted to providing all Southland golfers with the best experience possible. Its primary goal is to enhance the enjoyment of the game for those who actively live the golf lifestyle or have just learned to swing a club. Advocating on behalf of our community of passionate golfers, the SCGA provides accessible and affordable opportunities for anyone looking to be involved with the game. Whether crowning champions at amateur tournaments or providing a Handicap Index to track a golfer's progress, the SCGA is committed to providing exceptional service to its members.
In addition to providing a host of member services, including access and preferred pricing at some of the area's top courses, the SCGA administers the USGA Handicap System and conducts major amateur golf tournaments in the region.
The association was founded in 1899 to serve the many golfers and businessmen who were moving to Los Angeles. Representatives from five golf clubs met to form the SCGA, and two of those charter clubs—The Los Angeles CC and Redlands CC—remain members.
The SCGA has enjoyed expansive growth ever since. By 1925, it had grown to 45 clubs. In 1971, it merged with the San Diego County Golf Association to bring the total membership to 171 clubs. In 1981, affiliate member status was created to include groups that didn't have their own golf courses. That program, the first in the nation, has spread throughout Southern California and become a model for other golf associations.
In 2011, the SCGA consolidated operations with the Public Links Golf Association of Southern California. Currently, the SCGA has approximately 160,000 members and nearly 1,300 clubs.
On July 1, 2017, the SCGA unified with the Women's Southern California Golf Association (WSCGA), strengthening its influential position as the Southland's premier golf association. The SCGA incorporated the WSCGA's 190 clubs and 22,000 members, further representing the majority of Southern California club-aligned golfers. The unification provided greater resources, advocacy, programming and services to the largest number of the region's female golf clubs, as well as its individual member golfers.
In 2018, the SCGA welcomed members of the San Diego County Women's Golf Association, Women's Public Links Golf Association of Southern California and the Desert Women's Golf Association, further solidifying the SCGA's presence in the Southland golf community.
For more information on the history of the SCGA, click here.
Learn more about the services we provide to our member clubs and individual members with this video.


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This past Saturday, I attended a workshop presented by the R. J. Taylor Jr. Foundation in Marietta. I went specifically in the hopes of being able to discuss various aspects of the publication process, from transcribing and abstracting to the finished product, with three of the ladies I knew would be attending: Vivian Price, Linda Woodward-Geiger, and Faye Stone Poss.
I was not disappointed. Each of these women took the time to answer my numerous questions with patience and grace before, during, and after the two programs (one by Linda on transcribing and abstracting, and the other by Vivian on building a manuscript). This was the second time I attended a Taylor Foundation workshop. I learned quite a bit both times, not only from the presentations but also from one-on-one discussions with Linda, Vivian, and Faye.
For those who don't know, the Taylor Foundation provides grants to cover many of the costs of publishing transcriptions, abstracts, or indexes of Georgia records pertaining to those who lived there prior to 1851. There are limitations, but for those willing to do the work, the rewards can be fulfilling if not actually lucrative. If you're a Georgia researcher and have easy and regular access to Georgia records, then you're missing a wonderful opportunity by not taking advantage of a Taylor Foundation grant. Here are the rewards I hope to gain:
- A Marketable Product. For successful applicant projects, the Taylor Foundation will pay to have a certain number of books published. These are hardbound, high quality books, desperately sought after by researchers even in this age of digital production. It might take a lot of time to sell all of those books, but the very fact that you have them there to market equals a potential to earn income from them.
- A Ready Consumer. The Taylor Foundation purchases copies from the author for placement in libraries and archives around the country. The author must do all the shipping, but the very first sale can be a hefty one of about 40 books. Think about the average price of a book of this kind and then multiply it by 40. Add in the number of sales you can make within the first few months through a good marketing program. It might not be a lot of money, but it's certainly nothing to sneeze at either.
- Increased Credibility. A quality transcription, abstract, or index can boost the author's reputation and illustrate competence in a specialty. Paul K. Graham, for instance, is widely known for his expertise in Georgia land records, in part because of his excellent publications on early Georgia land lotteries. Michael Hait has established his abilities as an African-American researcher in part through publication.
- A Research Tool. Let's face it: one of the biggest problems researchers face today, regardless of where or how research is conducted, is a lack of access to needed records. Even where records can be accessed easily, originals are often unindexed and otherwise difficult to use. I am not in any way negating the value of original records, nor am I suggesting that they should not be used; quite the contrary. But having a published transcription, abstract, or index to those records can be a huge boon. The very first copy of my upcoming book on Rabun County's newspapers will go on my shelf for me to use. Selfish? Possibly. Practical? You betcha. I plan on using that volume a lot in future research projects. The same can be said of the volumes I hope to publish over the next few years. You can bet that I'll be the first consumer of each and every one.
I'm leaving out the satisfaction of seeing a project through to its ending, the wonder of gaining new insights into ancestors' lives, and the fact that publications of this nature help an awful lot of people research more effectively. All of those are valid benefits, but the more tangible gains are those listed above.
I would encourage every researcher to have at least one large-scale transcription project going. I know it's a huge investment in time and energy (not to mention money). I put at least eighteen months into producting a copy-ready manuscript for the newspapers transcription. I have already invested about two years in the slave records I'm abstracting, and still have at least six months to go. And the marriage records of Rabun County that I hope to finish in 2013? Oh, that's only taken me about a decade and a half to compile, give or take a year, and I know I'll not finish them any time soon.
So, yes, compilers put a lot of effort put into their books. Is it worth it? Yes, I believe so, and I also believe that the people who use these books would agree.


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This section contains resources related to all aspects of intellectual property law.
The News section displays the latest in MVS attorney updates, events they're attending, and other news in the intellectual property industry.
The Briefs Archive is a cache of Briefs, our quarterly newsletter that offers the latest information on patents, trademarks and copyrights.
It also serves to help our clients better understand the world of intellectual property law.
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Formats Available for a CME Program
Dinner Meeting
Held at a hotel or restaurant, this format will include a lecture, case-based discussion, and question-and-answer session. The hotel/restaurant requested and the meal selection should be consistent with ACCME and PhRMA Guidelines.
Group Practice Breakfast or Lunch-and-Learn
This format features a lecture and question-and-answer session held in your office. Case-based discussions can be included, time permitting. Other local group practices may be invited to attend the program.
Grand Rounds
This format facilitates a guest speaker from the On-Demand faculty, delivering the selected lecture as an in-hospital program. A hospital contact who has agreed to work with us on logistics must be identified on the application.
Webinar (Online Program)
Organized as part of the PHA Online University program, this web-based format will include a lecture and question-and-answer session. Internet access must be available in order to select this option.
All live programs have been developed as 1- to 1.5-hour lectures, including case-based discussion and questions and answers. Online programs will be 1 hour long.
All programs, with the exception of the Webinar option, can include an appropriate and modest meal function. To comply with the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, when a meal is provided, physicians will be asked for their National Provider Identification (NPI) and state license number at registration.
This activity is jointly provided by Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Continuing Medical Education and the Pulmonary Hypertension Association.


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Fields with a high level of corn rootworm pressure can benefit from soil insecticides. If you're unsure, try one of these two methods of assessment the Burrus Seed Company recommends.
Root dig method
- Walk fields in July and August; record observations on rootworm beetle populations.
- Dig roots in July and August to evaluate rootworm control in traited and refuge acres.
- If the rootworm beetle population is high and root ratings of rootworm-traited hybrids are .25 or higher in the field, use a granular soil insecticide next year.
Rootworm beetle count method
- Scout rootworm-traited acres at pollination.
- Examine four consecutive plants in five areas of the field. Start at the base of the plant and count beetles on leaf surfaces, leaf axils, stalk, ear tip, and tassel.
- Determine the average number of beetles per plant.
- If the average rootworm beetle population is at least .75 beetles per plant, consider using a soil insecticide with rootworm-traited corn the next year.
- If the rootworm population is less than .75 beetles per plant, wait two weeks and scout again. When the beetle population remains low for six weeks after the first scouting trip, no soil insecticide is necessary with rootworm traits.


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Relationships built on honesty, an innovative team approach and excellence in meeting client service needs are the foundation of who we are at Durham and Bates. We are local brokers, providing a full range of risk management and insurance services to a widely diverse industry group. We know every client is unique and we are most effective when we have an opportunity to understand your specific needs, goals and challenges. Our valued clients appreciate that their best interests are our priority and most have been with us for many years. We are very proud of our culture and are committed to maintaining the trust that our clients have placed in us.
100% Employee-Owned


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DETROIT – One of my favorite motivational speakers is "See You at the Top" author Zig Ziglar.
He believes the key to what every human wants is simple: We all want to be happy, healthy, reasonably prosperous and secure, have good family relationships, friends and above all we want [and need] hope. He is so right. I think of that recitation often as I drive around the City of Detroit.
What this city lacks more than anything is something resembling hope. Thousands of people who can't read or write, have not finished High School or even if they have, they've been educated in what can only be described as the worst school system in the nation, have no chance at a job. And it is not like jobs outside Downtown Detroit are exactly plentiful. So what we end up with is a large population subsisting any way it can. It end ups lacking just about everything on Zig's list and without any hope, despair sets in. Desperation can be found at the heart of almost all of Detroit's problems, crime, violence, drugs, gangs, child abuse and ignominious death. Many believe Detroit will never return to its once great status. It is difficult looking over this sad landscape to argue the point.
Read more: Auto parts supply company to employ 500 people in Detroit
In a drought though, even a thimble full of water can make a tiny difference. That is what I saw today in the City of Detroit at the Detroit Manufacturing Systems plant off the Southfield Expressway just north of the I-96 interchange in the old and formerly abandoned Gateway Industrial complex. Here over the past three months Andra Rush has gone to work with a team of five hundred Detroiters and started building auto parts. Their first customer is Ford. They build dashboard panels for the Taurus, Navigator, Mustang and Expedition and will eventually make interiors for the F-150 pick up truck. This is what made Detroit great and might just again.
It is important to point out here Andra Rush could have put her plant [partnered with French auto parts supplier Faurecia] anywhere she wanted. She chose Detroit for a very interesting reason. She is Native American. She said one of the most influential experiences of her life was visiting her grandmother on an Indian Reservation. She was struck by the abject poverty and the poor health issues she saw there. She says she vowed then and there to try and make a difference not only for Native Americans in poverty but anyone in a "concrete reservation" as she put it. Her trucking company Rush Trucking started in Detroit in the 1980's with a couple of used clunkers and a maxed out credit card. She grew her business and when she saw her opportunity to "make it to the top" to her there was no question where she would do it.
Now, I've covered the auto industry for more than 20 years and I have been to many hundreds of plant openings like this one. Surely there are few businesses more fragile than an auto supplier. Nowhere was that more evident than during the auto industry collapse. Consider that these parts DMS is now making were moved from another plant and those workers may or may not have survived the change. So putting five hundred jobs in a vacant auto plant is not exactly a big deal in the scheme of the overall industry. For all anyone knows DMS could be gone tomorrow with even a minor shift in car buyer tastes or a precipitous sales drop off. Yet for Detroit, its hopeless residents and the people taking on the thankless task of trying to rebuild Detroit, this is big and important if only symbolically. GM and Toyota appear interested in working with Andre Rush. There are hundreds of thousands of square feet of open space in the Gateway complex sitting dormant waiting for machinery and newly trained auto workers. Andra's dream is to triple the size of her workforce over the next couple of years. That kind of success would be notable and enormously helpful in bringing the city the one thing is lacks most. Here's to hoping Andra Rush can keep this hope alive.


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The Maserati Trofeo MC World Series begins at Jarama in Spain on Sunday.
The six-race series features touring cars similarly prepared to ensure common performance levels. Cars brought into the series by private teams must conform to technical rules and an inspection process established by Maserati.
There will be 25 crews from 12 countries lining up for the first round. Entrants include teams from Belgium, Morocco, Spain, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Monaco, San Marino, Australia, Hungary, the United Arab Emirates and Denmark.
The series will make its first U.S. stop when it races at Infineon in Calif., on Sept. 23.
Maserati Trofeo MC World Series
May 20 - Jarama, Spain
June 3 - Portimao, Portugal
June 24 - Imola, Italy
July 22 – Paul Ricard, France
Sept. 23 – Infineon, Calif.
Nov. 4 – Shanghai, China


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(Reuters) - IBM posted a quarterly revenue miss and barely beat analyst expectations for earnings per share as customers put off spending on big ticket items and a stronger dollar hit the company's top line.
Businesses and governments are holding back on spending on information technology amid economic uncertainty in Europe and ahead of U.S. elections next month.
International Business Machines Corp, which has shifted its focus to higher-margin software and services from tech products, said on Tuesday that earnings per share, excluding items, were $3.62, just beating average analysts' estimates of $3.61.
Excluding a $160 million charge related to UK pension fees net income fell slightly to $3.82 billion from $3.84 billion a year ago while net income, excluding acquisition costs, rose 5 percent to $4.2 billion.
Revenue eased 5 percent to $24.7 billion due to a negative currency impact of almost $1 billion. Wall Street had expected a decline in revenue by about 3 percent to $25.36 billion.
"If you look at the third quarter performance, we did start off the first two months of the quarter on a stronger trajectory than we saw for the full quarter," Chief Financial Officer Mark Loughridge said on a call with analysts.
He added "a handful of deals ... fell out of the quarter" which the company had thought were secure.
The CFO also said that several large countries had disappointed with Mexico and Australia "both down double digits."
Global Equities Research analyst Trip Chowdhry said that some customers are holding off with purchases ahead of the U.S. presidential election, going ahead only with smaller purchases instead of replacing entire systems.
"Customers are just not opening their wallets," he said. "That is putting pressure on IT spend."
Forester analyst Andrew Bartels agreed, saying that CEOs were waiting for clarity on "whether the fiscal cliff will be avoided and when will Europe finally turn the corner."
Fiscal cliff refers to the impact of around $600 billion in tax hikes and automatic spending cuts set for 2013 as a result of successive failures by Congress to agree on an orderly alternative method of reducing U.S. budget deficits.
Bartels added that the third quarter would likely be IBM's weakest quarter.
Revenue from IBM's EMEA region, which includes Europe, Middle East and Africa were $7.2 billion, down 9 percent, without adjusting for foreign exchange effects.
In the Americas revenue declined 4 percent to $10.4 billion while Asia-Pacific revenue rose 1 percent to $6.5 billion.
The company said its services backlog at September 30 was $138 billion, up 1 percent year-over-year, while signings of services contracts were $13.3 billion versus estimates of $12.4 billion.
Investors view signings as a key indicator of future profits, but IBM says the focus should be more on the total business backlog because it is a better sign of future revenue.
IBM reiterated its outlook for the year, targeting earnings per share of at least $15.10.
IBM stock lost 3.31 percent to $204 in after hours trading. It closed up 1 percent at $211 on Tuesday.
Additional reporting by Jim Finkle; Editing by Phil Berlowitz


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The wastewater entering at a wastewater treatment plant's inlet pumping station contains all substances that have entered the sewer system. This is not only what we flush down the toilet, but also industrial effluents, wastewater from hotels, hospitals and restaurants, and substances drawn directly into the sewer system through manholes.
Grundfos has the pumps to cope with these heavy demands. The Grundfos ranges of SE/SL, S, and KWM pumps are specifically designed for durable use and heavy sewage flows and can be installed dry or submerged. If the design of the pump sump does not prevent sedimentation, the Grundfos range of robust AMD mixers ensure full mixing and thereby ensure trouble-free operation and prevent odours.
The inlet pumping station involves great fluctuations in demand for performance. With multiple inlet pumps installed, adding external variable speed drives (Grundfos CUE) will equalize the hydraulic load to the wastewater treatment plant. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations at the design phase helps ensure the optimum delivery of wastewater through the inlet pumping station for mechanical treatment by visualising hydraulic conditions at the pumping station.
Control and monitoring systems increase the potential for improving both efficiency and reliability. In addition to variable speed drives, Grundfos supplies motor protection (MP204) to monitor motor conditions, ensuring optimal operation.
Grundfos can supply the specialist expertise to help meet your performance objectives, from the initial identification of needs, to the selection, installation, operation, and maintenance of the pumping solution. Grundfos commissioning agreements ensure correct installation and service agreements cover all eventualities, from routine maintenance to spare parts.


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Solstice, Fairfax. (All pictures courtesy of Twist Collective, photos by Jane Heller)
She must be a fan of Solstice...remember the Lodi Cardigan and our office knitalong? (I would love to do another one, if any CEYarnies are reading this...ahem, ahem)
If you haven't tried Solstice, you have to get your hands on some. I admit that I was unconvinced of how devoted I could be to a wool and cotton blend, but I was thoroughly seduced. Bright, rich colors, a perfect and bouncy ply, and a hand that feels very woolly indeed. And for a gal who despises weaving in ends, it will even spit-felt for you.
Did I mention it's organic? With Earth Day coming this Sunday, what better time is there to try it out in one of these glorious colors?
I'm not the only one who loves Tanis Gray...learn a little more about her on Kristin Nicholas's fabulous blog, Getting Stitched on the Farm. She did a great interview there to promote her new book Capitol Knits.
Happy knitting!


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this is a discussion within the Saints Community Forum; With Darren Sharper still recovering from offseason knee surgery, Malcolm Jenkins is receiving vital reps with the Saints first-team defense at free safety during training camp. Defensive coordinator Gregg Williams loves Jenkins potential and expects him to play a pivotal ...
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With Darren Sharper still recovering from offseason knee surgery, Malcolm Jenkins is receiving vital reps with the Saints first-team defense at free safety during training camp. Defensive coordinator Gregg Williams loves Jenkins potential and expects him to play a pivotal role this season, either at free safety or somewhere else.
Is Jenkins ready for the challenge in his second year? He stopped for an interview after an early practice this weekend.
This training camp for you is really huge for your development. Can you elaborate on that a little bit?
For any young player, training camp is where you basically get all your knowledge because once the season comes around youre just preparing week by week and just resetting. Camp is where you make strides. Especially for me going to a new position Im basically trying to soak everything in and get as much experience as I can and learn from Darren much as I can and keep getting better.
How is the transition from cornerback to free safety going?
Its going good. The transition has been smooth. I had the work in the spring. Now its just about getting the experience and getting better.
How important is Darren Sharper to this defense?
Its huge. If you look at the amount of players Darren made for us last year from the free safety position, thats a big hole to fill, depending on how his injury works out or if its a regular injury during the season, we need someone to come in and fill that role. Right now Im just trying to get all the experience I can so if I do get in I can replicate what he did.
Whats the hardest thing to get used to at safety?
Just the vision. You go from looking at little things like receivers hips or little dots on receivers. Now you have to see the whole field, the receivers, the quarterback, linemen, receivers out of your peripheral vision. That transition is pretty hard because you have to consciously say open up your vision and process things. But you get used to it after a while.
How do you respond the question about the long Super Bowl celebration affecting the preparation for this year...
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Re: Q&A with Saints free safety Malcolm Jenkins
Young also got practice time at FS Saturday. I hope he takes all the snaps soon. Give Darren all the time he needs to get back and lead this team on the field.
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New Energy Forecasts Show Time is Right for Senate Actionby -
WRI Senior Associate John Larsen answers questions about recent emissions reductions and what they mean for climate legislation.
Q: The Energy Information Agency (EIA) recently announced that emissions are projected to drop 6% this year. Why?
A: Energy demand in the United States is changing because of the recession. The transportation, electric power and industrial sectors have all seen lower energy demand in part because of high energy prices but also because of lower economic output. Coal use in particular has dropped off because of recent declines in natural gas prices and lower electricity demand. Since coal is the most carbon-intensive fossil fuel, drops in its use translate to big drops in emissions compared to other fuels.
At the same time, clean, renewable energy is growing as a proportion of the electricity grid, indicating that zero-emitting energy sources are playing an increasingly important role in our economy.
EIA's projections for 2010 show emissions increasing slightly as the economy begins to pick up again.
Q: How do these emissions reductions compare to those required in the House-passed American Clean Energy and Security Act (H.R. 2454)?
A: The House climate bill requires total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions to be 3% below 2005 levels in 2012, when its cap-and-trade program begins. Given that the EIA projects that U.S. emissions are 6% below 2005 levels today (and are only forecasted to rise slowly), it is very likely that the bill's requirements for the first year of the program would be met.
This is very good news for business. It means that transitioning to a cap-and-trade program should not add any significant stress to the U.S. economy, contrary to what opponents of ACES have argued.
Q: If emissions stay flat, what would this mean for the new U.S. carbon market?
A: If we continue at 2009 emissions levels, there would be lower demand for allowances and offsets from regulated entities such as utilities and coal-fired plants than projected by EIA and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, ACES essentially sets a price floor on allowances of $10, which will ensure that a sufficient price on carbon is established even if demand is low. In addition, some regulated companies will likely buy up low-cost allowances and bank them for future use.
Q: Critics of cap-and-trade say this isn't the right time to act on climate change. Is that true?
A: Actually, the exact opposite is true. Cap-and-trade provides a great deal of flexibility in a down economy. With the price of allowances down, businesses and utilities will have an easier time transitioning. This will allow businesses to get comfortable with the new emissions requirements at relatively low cost, as well as giving them certainty that the investments that they make in clean technology will have value in the future. If the Senate acts now, it will be easier for businesses in the long run.


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Appendix B
(Prepared by Robert J. Myers, Chief Actuary, Social Security Administration)
This appendix first discusses various matters relating to the actuarial
cost estimates (such as the underlying assumptions and methodology)
and then presents the results of these estimates.
The concept of actuarial balance as it applies to the old-age, survivors,
and disability insurance system differs considerably from this concept
as it applies to private insurance and private pension plans, although
there are certain points of similarity with the latter. In connection
with individual insurance, the insurance company or other administering
institution, in order to be in actuarial balance,
must have sufficient funds on hand so that if operations are terminated,
it will be in a position to pay off all the accrued liabilities.
This requirement, however, is not necessary for a national compulsory
social insurance system. It might be pointed out that well-administered
private pension plans have sometimes not funded all their liability
for prior service benefits.
It can reasonably be presumed that, under Government auspices, such
a social insurance system will continue indefinitely into the future.
The test of financial soundness, then, is not a question of whether
there are sufficient funds on hand to pay off all accrued liabilities.
Rather, the test is whether the expected future income from tax
contributions and from interest on invested assets will be sufficient
to meet anticipated expenditures for benefits and administrative
costs. Thus, since the concept of "unfunded accrued liability" does
not by any means have the same significance for a social insurance
system as it does for a plan established under private insurance
principles, it is quite proper to count both on receiving contributions
from new entrants to the system in the future and on paying benefits
to this group. These additional assets and liabilities must be considered
in order to determine whether the system is in actuarial balance.
The question of whether the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance
program is in actuarial balance depends upon whether the estimated
future income from contributions and from interest earnings on the
accumulated trust fund investments will, over the long run, support
the disbursements for benefits and administrative expenses. Obviously,
future experience may be expected to vary from the actuarial cost
estimates made now. Nonetheless, the intent that the system be self-supporting
can be expressed in law by utilizing a contribution schedule that,
according to the intermediate-cost estimate, results in the system
being in balance or substantially close thereto.
The congressional committees concerned with the program have expressed
the belief that it is a matter for concern if any portion of the
old-age, survivors, and disability insurance system shows any significant
actuarial insufficiency. Traditionally, the view has been held that
for the old-age and survivors insurance portion of the program,
if such actuarial insufficiency when measured over perpetuity has
been no greater than 0.25 percent of payroll, it is at the point
where it is within the limits of permissible variation. The corresponding
point for the disability insurance portion of the system is about
0.05 percent of payroll (lower because of the relatively smaller
financial magnitude of this program). Furthermore, traditionally
when there has been an actuarial insufficiency exceeding the limits
indicated, any subsequent liberalizations in benefit provisions
were fully financed by appropriate changes in the tax schedule or
through raising the earnings base, and at the same time the actuarial
status of the program was improved.
The Council has recommended that long-range costs should be measured
over a 75-year period, rather than over perpetuity, and that then
the estimated actuarial status of both trust funds should be reasonably
close to an exact balance, and much closer than has been the standard
in the past. The cost estimates have been made on this basis, with
the assumption that, if the estimates show an exact balance, at
the end of the 75-year period the balances in the trust funds should
approximate 1 year's benefit payments.
The changes made by the 1961 amendments involved an increased cost
that was fully met by the changes in the financing provisions (namely,
an increase in the combined employer-employee contribution rate
of one-fourth of 1 percent, a corresponding change in the rate for
the self-employed, and an advance in the year when the ultimate
rates would be effective--from 1969 to 1968. As a result, the actuarial
balance of the program remained unchanged from what it was before
this legislation.
Subsequent to 1961, the cost estimates were further reexamined in
the light of developing experience. The earnings assumption was
changed to reflect the 1963 level, and the interest-rate assumption
used was modified upward to reflect recent experience. At the same
time, the retirement-rate assumptions were increased somewhat to
reflect the experience in respect to this factor.
The further developing disability experience indicated that costs
for this portion of the program were significantly higher than previously
estimated (because benefits are not being terminated by death or
recovery as rapidly as had been originally assumed). Accordingly,
the actuarial balance of the disability insurance program was shown
to be in an unsatisfactory position, and this has been recognized
by the Board of Trustees, who recommended that the allocation to
this trust fund should be increased (while, at the same time, correspondingly
decreasing the allocation to the old-age and survivors insurance
trust fund, which under present law is estimated to be in satisfactory
actuarial balance even after such a reallocation). As indicated
in the main part of this report, the Council concurs with this view.
The portion of the combined employer-employee contribution rate
that is assigned to the disability insurance trust fund under the
recommendations of the Advisory Council is 0.75 percent (see footnote
1), while for the self-employed contribution rate the corresponding
figure is 0.475 percent (based on 0.1 percent above half of the
combined employer-employee allocation, which is consistent with
the Council's principles on the self-employed rate basis, as is
also followed in connection with the hospital insurance proposal).
(1) General Basis for Long-Range Cost Estimates
Benefit disbursements under old-age and survivors insurance may
be expected to increase continuously for at least the next 50 to
70 years because of such factors as the aging of the population
of the country and the slow but steady growth of the benefit roll.
Similar factors are inherent in any retirement program, public or
private, that has been in operation for a relatively short period.
Estimates of the future cost of the old-age, survivors, and disability
insurance program are affected by many elements that are difficult
to determine. Accordingly, the assumptions used in the actuarial
cost estimates may differ widely and yet be reasonable.
The long-range cost estimates (shown for 1975 and thereafter) are
presented on a range basis so as to indicate the plausible variation
in future costs depending upon the actual trends developing for
the various cost factors. Both the low- and high-cost estimates
are based on high economic assumptions, intended to represent close
to full employment, with average annual earnings at about the level
prevailing in 1963. In addition to the presentation of the cost
estimates on a range basis, intermediate estimates developed directly
from the low- and high-cost estimates (by averaging their components)
are shown so as to indicate the basis for the financing provisions.
The cost estimates for old-age and survivors insurance are extended
beyond the year 2000, since the aged population itself cannot mature
by then. The reason for this is that the number of births in the
1930's was very low as compared with subsequent experience. As a
result, there will be a dip in the relative proportion of the aged
from 1995 to about 2010, which would tend to result in low benefit
costs for the old-age and survivors insurance system during that
period. Accordingly, the year 2000 is by no means a typical ultimate
year insofar as these costs are concerned.
The cost estimates have been prepared on the basis of the same assumptions
and methodology as those contained in the 24th Annual Report of
the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
Trust Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund (H. Doc.
No. 236, 88th Cong.). These estimates and their underlying assumptions
are given in more detail in Actuarial Study No. 58 of the Social
Security Administration.
The underlying assumptions have not been revised, and new detailed
cost estimates prepared, because preliminary study indicates that
the changes that would be made would be largely counterbalancing
from a cost standpoint. For example, lower costs would result from
using the higher earnings level of 1964, but higher costs would
arise from considering the higher retirement rates of the last few
years arid other factors. Besides, there is the advantage of consistency
and comparability in using the same cost bases for a period of a
few years, when no significant net changes in the results would
(2) Measurement of Costs in Relation to Taxable Payroll
In general, the costs are shown as percentages of covered payroll.
This is the best measure of the financial cost of the program. Dollar
figures taken alone are misleading. For example, a higher earnings
level will increase not only the outgo of the system but also, and
to a greater extent, its income. The result is that when earnings
rise, benefit costs in terms of dollars will also rise, but the
cost relative to payroll will decrease.
(3) General Basis for Short-Range Cost Estimates
The short-range cost estimates (shown for the individual years 1965-72)
are not presented on a range basis since--assuming a continuation
of present economic conditions--it is believed that the demographic
factors involved can be reasonably closely forecast, so that only
a single estimate is necessary. A gradual rise in the earnings level
in the future, paralleling that which has occurred in the past few
years, is assumed. As a result of this assumption, even though then
all provisions of the system including the earnings base are assumed
to remain unchanged in the future at what the Council has recommended,
contribution income is somewhat higher than if level earnings were
assumed, while benefit outgo under the cash benefits program is
only slightly affected.
Since the long-range cost assumptions do not involve an increasing-earnings
assumption, the short-range and long-range cost estimates do not
"link up" as between the 1972 data for the former and the 1975 data
for the latter. Thus, for the cash-benefits program the balances
in the trust funds at the end of 1972 according to the short-range
estimates are higher than what the long-range estimates would show
for that year. On the other hand, for the hospital benefits program
the balance in the trust fund at the end of 1972 according to the
short-range estimates is lower than what the long range estimates
show for that year (since the hospital benefit costs are assumed
to rise as earnings increase--see subsequent discussion).
(4) Level-Cost Concept
An important measure of long-range cost is the level-equivalent
contribution rate required to support the system over a long-range
future period, based on discounting at interest. If such a level
rate were adopted relatively large accumulations in the trust funds
would result, and in consequence there would be sizable eventual
income from interest. Even though such a method of financing is
not followed, this concept may be used as a convenient measure of
long-range costs, which permits comparison of various possible alternative
plans, with weight being given to both early-year and deferred benefit
(5) Future Earnings Assumptions
The long-range estimates are based on level-earnings assumptions
at the level prevailing in calendar year 1963. This, however, does
not mean that covered payrolls are assumed to be the same each year;
rather, they are assumed to rise steadily as the population at the
working ages is estimated to increase. If in the future the earnings
level should be considerably above that which now prevails, and
if the cash benefits are adjusted upward so that the annual costs
relative to payroll will remain the same as now estimated for the
present system, then the increased dollar outgo resulting will offset
the increased dollar income. This is an important reason for considering
costs relative to payroll rather than in dollars.
The long-range cost estimates have not taken into account the possibility
of a rise in earnings levels, although such a rise has characterized
the past history of this country. If such an assumption were used
in the cost estimates, along with the unlikely assumption that the
benefits, nevertheless, would not be changed, the cost relative
to payroll would, of course, be lower for the cash benefits, but
the reverse would be so for the hospitalization and related benefits
(as will be discussed in more detail later).
It is important to note that the possibility that a rise in earnings
levels will produce lower costs of the cash-benefits program in
relation to payroll is a very important safety factor in the financial
operations of this system. Its financing is based essentially on
the intermediate-cost estimate, along with the assumption of level
earnings; if experience follows the high-cost assumptions, and earnings
do not rise, additional financing will be necessary. However, if
covered earnings increase in the future as in the past, the resulting
reduction in the cost of the program (expressed as a percentage
of taxable payroll) will more than offset the higher cost arising
under experience following the high-cost estimate. If the latter
condition prevails, the reduction in the relative cost of the program
coming from rising earnings levels can be used to maintain the actuarial
balance of the system, and any remaining savings can be used to
adjust the cash benefits upward (to a lesser degree than the increase
in the earnings level). The possibility of future increases in earnings
levels should be considered only as a safety factor and not as a
justification for adjusting benefits upward in anticipation of such
If benefits are adjusted currently to keep pace with rising earnings
trends as they occur, the year-by-year costs as a percentage of
payroll would be unaffected. If benefits are increased in this manner,
the level-cost of the program would be higher than now estimated,
since, under such circumstances, the relative importance of the
interest receipts of the trust funds would gradually diminish with
the passage of time. If earnings and benefit levels do consistently
rise, thorough consideration will need to be given to the financing
basis of the system because then the interest receipts of the trust
funds will not meet as large a proportion of the benefit costs as
would be anticipated if the earnings level had not risen (under
the present law, for example, for the old-age and survivors insurance
system, under level-earnings assumptions this proportion would average
about 15 percent over the long range).
(6) Assumptions for Hospitalization Benefits
In considering the hospitalization-benefit costs in conjunction
with a level-earnings assumption for the future, it is sufficient
for the purposes of long-range cost estimates merely to analyze
possible future trends in hospitalization costs relative to covered
earnings. Accordingly, any study of past experience of hospitalization
costs should be made on this relative basis. The actual experience
in recent years has indicated, in general, that hospitalization
costs have risen more rapidly than the general earnings level, with
the differential being in the neighborhood of 3 percent per year--2.7
percent in the last 10 years.
One of the uncertainties in making cost estimates for hospitalization
benefits, then, is how long and to what extent this tendency of
hospital costs to rise more rapidly than the general earnings level
will continue in the future, and whether or not it may in the long
run be counterbalanced by a trend in the opposite direction. Some
factors to consider are the relatively low wages of hospital employees
(which have been rapidly "catching up" with the general level of
wages and obviously may be expected to "catch up" completely at
some future date, rather than to increase indefinitely at a more
rapid rate than wages generally) and the development of new medical
techniques and procedures, with resultant increased expense.
In connection with the latter factor, there are possible counter
balancing factors. The higher costs involved for more refined and
extensive treatments may be offset by better general health conditions,
the development of out-of-hospital facilities, shorter durations
of hospitalization, and less expense for subsequent curative treatments
as a result of preventive measures. Also, it is possible that at
some time in the future, the productivity of hospital personnel
will increase significantly as the result of changes in the organization
of hospital services or for other reasons, so that, as in other
fields of economic activity, their wages might in the long run increase
more rapidly than hospitalization prices.
Perhaps the major difficulty in making and in presenting these actuarial
cost estimates for hospitalization benefits is that-unlike the situation
in regard to cost estimates for the monthly benefits, where the
result is the opposite--an unfavorable cost result is shown when
total earnings levels rise, unless the provisions of the system
are kept up to date (insofar as the maximum taxable earnings base
and the dollar amounts of any deductibles are concerned). The reason
for this is that there is the fundamental actuarial assumption that
the hospitalization costs will rise at a rate over the long run
somewhat approximating the rate of increase of the level of total
earnings, whereas the contribution income would rise less rapidly
than the total earnings level unless the earnings base is kept up
to date. Under these conditions, it is hypothesized that the base
will be kept up to date with the changes in the general level of
earnings; contributions depend on the covered earnings level, and
the level is dampened if the earnings base is not raised as earnings
go up. It is assumed in the actuarial cost estimates for hospitalization
benefits either that earnings levels will be unchanged in the future
or that, if wages continue to rise (as they have done in the past),
the system will be kept up to date insofar as the earnings base
and the deductibles are concerned.
One important reason for the fact that recently hospitalization
costs have risen faster than the general earnings level is that
the wages of hospital employees have risen at a faster rate than
the general earnings level. Personnel costs are about 60 percent
of all hospital costs. The fact that the wages of hospital employees
have been rising at a faster rate than all earnings reflects a "catching
up" from a situation where hospital workers were significantly underpaid
in relation to other workers. It is obvious that such a trend cannot
continue and that a point will be reached after which wages paid
to hospital workers will rise, on the average, at the same rate
as the general earnings level. Nor can other elements in hospitalization
costs be presumed to rise indefinitely at a faster rate than the
general earnings level.
It is not unlikely that the price of hospital services will for
a considerable time rise faster than other prices, but if the price
of any product continues to rise faster than earnings, it would
eventually be priced out of the market. Actually, over the long
run, hospitalization costs to the consumer are likely to show conflicting
trends. On the one hand, improved technology is leading to more
expensive hospital services and to the need for additional personnel.
On the other hand, the duration of hospital stays is declining as
a result of the improvement in care.
The cost assumptions for the hospitalization and related benefits
have been made on what is believed to be a conservative basis. Those
used for the cost estimates in this report are based on the assumptions
underlying the estimates that the Social Security Administration
made for the legislation considered in 1962-63 (see Actuarial Study
No. 57 and "Actuarial Cost Estimates for the Old-Age, Survivors,
and Disability Insurance System as Modified by H.R. 11865, as Passed
by the House of Representatives and as According to the Action of
the Senate" issued by the House Ways and Means Committee), but with
additional safety margins for the early year costs. The differential
of hospitalization costs over total earnings rates is assumed to
be 2.7 percent per year for the first 5 years after 1965; then it
is assumed to decrease to zero over the next 5 years, and then after
a further 5 years wages are assumed to rise at an annual rate that
is 0.5 percent greater than the increase in hospitalization costs.
The net effect of these modified assumptions, for purposes of the
long-range cost estimates, is to produce level-costs that are about
10 percent higher than those resulting from the assumptions used
in Actuarial Study No. 57 and that are about the same as those resulting
from the assumptions used in the Ways and Means Committee report.
For short-range purposes, however, the modified assumptions produce
significantly higher estimates than either of the other sets of
(7) Interrelationship With Railroad Retirement System
An important element affecting old-age, survivors, and disability
insurance costs arose through amendments made to the Railroad Retirement
Act in 1951. These provide for a combination of railroad retirement
compensation and old-age, survivors, and disability insurance covered
earnings in determining benefits for those with less than 10 years
of railroad service (and also for all survivor cases).
Financial interchange provisions are established so that the trust
funds are to be placed in the same financial position in which they
would have been if railroad employment had always been covered under
the program. It is estimated that over the long range the net effect
of these provisions will be a relatively small loss to the old-age,
survivors, and disability insurance system since the reimbursements
from the railroad retirement system will be somewhat smaller than
the net additional benefits paid on the basis of railroad earnings.
(8) Reimbursement for Costs of Military Service Wage Credits
Another important element affecting the financing of the program
arose through legislation in 1956 that provided for reimbursement
from general revenues for past and future expenditures in respect
to the noncontributory credits that had been granted for persons
in military service before 1957. The cost estimates contained here
reflect the effect of these reimbursements (which are included as
contributions), based on the assumption that the required appropriations
will be made in the future, as the Council has strongly recommended
should be done.
(1) Purposes of Intermediate-Cost Estimates
The long-range intermediate-cost estimates are developed from the
low- and high-cost estimates by averaging them (using the dollar
estimates and developing therefrom the corresponding estimates relative
to payroll). The intermediate-cost estimate does not represent the
most probable estimate, since it is impossible to develop any such
figures. Rather, it has been set down as a convenient and readily
available single set of figures to use for comparative purposes.
The Congress, in enacting the 1950 act and subsequent legislation,
was of the belief that the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance
program should be on a completely self-supporting basis. Therefore,
a single estimate is necessary in the development of a tax schedule
intended to make the system self-supporting. Any specific schedule
will necessarily be somewhat different from what will actually be
required to obtain exact balance between contributions and benefits.
This procedure, however, does make the intention specific, even
though in actual practice future changes in the tax schedule might
be necessary. Likewise, exact self-support cannot be obtained from
a specific set of integral or rounded fractional tax rates increasing
in orderly intervals, but rather this principle of self-support
should be aimed at as closely as possible.
(2) Interest Rate Used in Cost Estimates
The interest rate used for computing the level-costs is 3.5 percent
for the intermediate-cost estimate. This is somewhat above the average
yield of the investments of the trust funds at the end of 1963 (about
3 percent), but is below the rate currently being obtained for new
investments (about 4 1/4 percent).
(3) Actuarial Balance of System as Modified by Proposal
Table A summarizes the actuarial balance of the existing old-age,
survivors, and disability insurance program in terms of percentages
of taxable payroll, according to the intermediate-cost estimate,
and gives corresponding information for the program as it would
be changed by the recommendations of the Council (and also for programs
that are intermediate steps between the present program and these
recommendations). For purposes of comparability, the data for the
present program are shown on both the basis of measuring costs over
perpetuity and the basis of measuring costs over only a 75-year
period (as recommended by the Council). The data for the proposed
program, as shown here and as shown elsewhere in this report, are
on the 75-year cost basis.
Information on the actuarial balance of the proposed hospital insurance
program is contained in a table in Part II, which shows that the
level-cost of the benefits for all beneficiaries is estimated at
.90 percent of taxable payroll, while the level-equivalent of the
contribution schedule is also estimated at .90 percent of taxable
payroll. Included in the foregoing cost figures is the level-cost
of the benefits for the disability insurance beneficiaries, which
is estimated at .05 percent of taxable payroll. It should be noted
that the recommended 0.15 percent contribution from general revenues
for a period of 50 years has an estimated level-cost of 0.10 percent
of taxable payroll.
(4) Year-by-Year Projections of Income and Outgo
Table B shows the estimated operations of the old-age and survivors
insurance trust fund in various future years according to the intermediate-cost
estimate, as well as giving actual data for the past 14 years. Table
C shows corresponding data for the disability insurance trust fund,
while Table D relates to the hospital insurance trust fund. With
respect to the latter table, it should be observed that the benefit-disbursement
estimates do not include the total hospital insurance benefit payments
made to railroad retirement beneficiaries, but rather only the net
effect of the financial-interchange provisions for these benefits.
It will also be remembered that the estimate of total benefit payments
includes the payments with respect to persons who are not eligible
for cash benefits, whereas the estimates relating to the hospital
insurance trust fund that were made for the King-Anderson bill and
the Senate-approved version of the legislation considered in 1964
did not include such payments (since they were to be financed currently
out of the General Treasury, and not through direct trust-fund operations).
It is interesting to note that for each of the three trust funds
separately, the short-range cost estimates indicate that the balance
in the trust fund at the end of each year increases steadily during
1966-72 and in most instances quite closely approximates one year's
benefit payments.
Tables E and F show long-range year-by-year cost projections for
the old-age and survivors insurance trust fund and for the disability
insurance trust fund, respectively, under the low-cost and high-cost
Table G presents the actuarial balance of the old-age, survivors,
and disability insurance program as it would be changed by the recommendations
of the Council, in terms of percentages of taxable payroll according
to the low-cost and high-cost estimates. It will be noted that the
level-cost of the benefits of the old-age, survivors, and disability
insurance program according to the low-cost estimate is 8.9 percent
of taxable payroll, which approximates the 9.4 percent combined
employer-employee contribution rate that is recommended for 1971-75.
This basis is in accordance with one of the financing principles
enunciated by both this Council and the last one in regard to the
next-to-last step in the contribution schedule (to be reached in
the next few years).


text:
1932 Ford Highboy Five Window - Just Another Deuce Coupe
Mike Thompson's 1932 Ford Five-Window
For 75-plus years, the `32 Ford has served as a hot rodder's palette--a mobile canvas allowing rodders to create their own drivable work of art. Build styles include stock, traditional, and contemporary as well as a blend that, when finished, the car's lines that were once readily visible are at times cleverly disguised (and sometimes not so cleverly!).
Many variations designed and built over the years have stood out and withstood the test of time. Each of us can name our favorites and for all of the "right" reasons. The guys on the East Coast have their favorites, often competing with the Left Coast as to who has the most bitchin' ride.
Many of the ideas of young enthusiasts from the past have been immortalized and kept alive by building what we now call "tribute cars." These use the styling cues and ideas of the past to bring back the feeling of an era gone by. Many add modern components that enhance safety and ride quality that were not available when the cars were originally welded together. Current trends run from crudely-built incarnations that are wildly chopped, channeled, and barely drivable, to cars that, to the entire world, look like they just came back from the dry lakes but they have all the comforts of a modern car. Some of the original cars are being uncovered from under piles of boxes and old blankets, and pulled from dusty corners of old garages and shops, having not seen daylight for many a moon.
These trends are driven by many different reasons. Some come from the youth who like what they see in the old magazines. Some remember growing up with a dad who was there in the day. Others are still carrying the banner of the good times they had as a teenager.
Mike Thompson falls somewhere in the middle as he had the good fortune to have a dad who is a hot rodder. Mike caught the bug at a young age and still works on hot rods with his dad. Thanks to George Lucas and the Milner coupe, Mike had become addicted to this unique hobby. One day he was driving along on the information highway when he spotted a car for sale. As is often the case, Mike and the car of his dreams were geographically undesirable to one another; the car was eastern Canada and Mike was 3,000 miles to the West in Washington. He had told himself to never buy sight unseen, but the seller was very forthcoming with all the necessary info and a ton of photos.
He was drawn to the car not only because of the 2-inch chop and Olds running gear, but also for the time period it represented. Mike developed a passion for traditional hot rods, and he felt this one told a story that denotes a period of time when a hot rod was the thing to have.
To fund his Deuce coupe Mike parted with two Model A Fords. The car arrived after its coast-to-coast ride and, as expected, a bit rough and mocked together to sell. The 324-inch '56 Oldsmobile Rocket engine and Jetaway Hydra-Matic transmission had seen better days. But it was Ford steel and just what he wanted to make his own, and he wanted to bring the car back to its former luster.
The 1950s East Coast look was very appealing to Mike, and the plan was to reflect this in the final build. He used a stock '32 Ford front axle with an original buggy-type spring then removed two leaves and reversed the eyes to get the nose down. A set of '36 Ford wishbones were turned upside down, split, heated, and bent to clear the Olds powerplant and hold the spring in place. The shocks are early friction-type that Mike had chrome plated. Forward braking is a compilation of `48 Ford brakes with chromed backing plates and Buick drums.
The engine and transmission were both gone through and the chassis cleaned up to accept all the good stuff. After the engine and trans were planted on homebuilt motor mounts and X-member, the Olds driveshaft was shortened and connected to an early Ford 9-inch rear fitted with stock brakes. The rearend is held in place with split, heated, and bent-to-fit `36 Ford wishbones. The transverse rear spring is from a `46 Ford, with two leaves removed and the eyes reversed. The rear shocks mirror the front being chromed friction-type units.
The body and paint were next, handled right there in the Thompson speed shop barn, surrounded by a lifetime collection of vintage parts. Mike squirted the red oxide over the smoothed and straightened body, and painted the top insert white.
The real challenge rested in the fenders. Highboys typically don't run fenders, but there are places where fender laws are strictly enforced. On Mike's ride the fronts were cut out of a `36 Ford spare tire cover, and improved with owner-made stainless steel accents. The rears were a different story. Simply put, they had to be handmade for the correct curve of the larger 7.50-16 bias-ply rear tire. So Mike bought an English wheel plus a shrinker and stretcher. With help from his wife, Elizabeth, and many hours of toil and sweat, the rears were finally finished.
Resting within the coupe is a `56 Olds steering wheel and gauge panel, which looks right at home in the smoothed '32 dash (Mike rewired the car to mimic a stock Oldsmobile harness). All that was left was the interior and Mike dropped off the original seat at Rodgers Upholstery, in Vancouver, Washington, for a traditional tuck `n' roll done in white vinyl.
Mike isn't old enough to have been around when hot rodding was born but, with the love of these historic cars passed on to him by his dad, he is keeping the flame and passion from another generation alive.
|Mike Thompson
|Ridgefield, Washington
|1932 Ford highboy five-window
|Frame / Manufacturer
|'32 Ford FoMoCo
|Model A front crossmember
|Chassis plumbing
|Rearend / Ratio
|Ford 9" 3.50:1
|Rear suspension
|'36 Ford split wishbones
|Rear brakes
|Ford drum
|Front suspension
|'32 Ford / '36 Ford split wishbones
|Front brakes
|'48 Ford / Buick drums
|Master cylinder
|'39-48 Ford
|Steering box
|'32 Ford
|Wheel covers
|16" salad bowl
|Front wheel make, size
|Ford, 16x4
|Rear wheel make, size
|Ford, 16x4.5
|Front tire make, size
|Firestone, 6.00x16
|Rear tire make, size
|Firestone, 7.50x16
|Gas tank
|'32 Ford
|'56 Oldsmobile
|Machining / Assembly
|Drivetrain Specialties (Newberg, OR)
|'32 Ford
|GM generator
|Valve covers
|stock chromed
|Exhaust / Mufflers
|stock / Smithy's
|'56 Oldsmobile Jetaway
|'56 Oldsmobile
|'56 Oldsmobile cut down
|Body style / Material
|5w / steel
|Body manufacturer
|Body mods
|top chopped 2"
|'32 Ford
|Mike Thompson (Ridgefield, WA)
|Paint type / Color
|PPG / red oxide
|Mike Thompson
|Headlights / Taillights
|Guide / '50 Buick
|Outside mirror
|old clamp on
|`32 Ford
|Insert / Gauges
|`56 Oldsmobile
|Stereo / Speakers
|twice pipes
|Oldsmobile / Mike Thompson
|Steering wheel
|`56 Olds
|Steering column
|`56 Olds
|Interior mirror
|`32 Ford
|`32 Ford coupe
|Material / Color
|vinyl / white
|black mat


text:
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PIONEER, ELITE, and the Pioneer and Elite logos are registered trademarks of Pioneer Corporation.
DOLBY, DOLBY DIGITAL, and the double-D symbol are registered trademarks of Dolby Laboratories.
DTS-HD is a registered trademark of DTS, Inc.
THX Ultra2 Plus is a trademark of THX Ltd., which may be registered in some jurisdictions.
iPod is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
HDMI, the HDMI logo and High-Definition Multimedia Interface are trademarks or registered trademarks of HDMI Licensing, LLC.
AIR STUDIOS and the AIR Studios logo are trademarks of AIR Studios, Inc.
XM is a registered trademark of XM Satellite Radio Inc.
SIRIUS and the SIRIUS dog logo are registered trademarks of SIRIUS Satellite Radio Inc
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Freescale is a registered trademark of Freescale Semiconductor Inc.
BURR-BROWN is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated.
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BLU-RAY DISC and the Blu-ray Disc logo are trademarks of Sony Corporation.
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