text:
Summary Report for:
29-2091.00 - Orthotists and Prosthetists
Design, measure, fit, and adapt orthopedic braces, appliances or prostheses, such as limbs or facial parts for patients with disabling conditions.
Sample of reported job titles: American Board Certified Orthotist (ABC Orthotist), Certified Orthotist (CO), Certified Prosthetist (CP), Certified Prosthetist/Orthotist (CPO), Licensed Prosthetist/Orthotist (LPO), Orthotic/Prosthetic Practitioner, Orthotist, Orthotist/Prosthetist, Pedorthist, Prosthetist
Tasks | Technology Skills | Tools Used | Knowledge | Skills | Abilities | Work Activities | Detailed Work Activities | Work Context | Job Zone | Education | Credentials | Interests | Work Styles | Work Values | Related Occupations | Wages & Employment | Job Openings | Additional Information
- Examine, interview, and measure patients to determine their appliance needs and to identify factors that could affect appliance fit.
- Fit, test, and evaluate devices on patients, and make adjustments for proper fit, function, and comfort.
- Instruct patients in the use and care of orthoses and prostheses.
- Maintain patients' records.
- Select materials and components to be used, based on device design.
- Design orthopedic and prosthetic devices, based on physicians' prescriptions and examination and measurement of patients.
- Make and modify plaster casts of areas that will be fitted with prostheses or orthoses, for use in the device construction process.
- Confer with physicians to formulate specifications and prescriptions for orthopedic or prosthetic devices.
- Construct and fabricate appliances or supervise others constructing the appliances.
- Train and supervise support staff, such as orthopedic and prosthetic assistants and technicians.
- Update skills and knowledge by attending conferences and seminars.
- Repair, rebuild, and modify prosthetic and orthopedic appliances.
- Show and explain orthopedic and prosthetic appliances to healthcare workers.
- Research new ways to construct and use orthopedic and prosthetic devices.
- Publish research findings or present them at conferences and seminars.
Technology Skills
- Accounting software — Intuit QuickBooks
- Computer aided design CAD software — Autodesk AutoCAD ; Infinity CAD Systems AutoSculpt; Ohio Willow Wood OMEGA Tracer System; Polhemus FastSCAN (see all 7 examples)
- Computer aided manufacturing CAM software
- Data base user interface and query software — Microsoft Access
- Electronic mail software — Email software
- Graphics or photo imaging software — Computer graphics software
- Internet browser software — Web browser software
- Medical software — Artsco OrthoPro Complete; Gait analysis software; Healthcare common procedure coding system HCPCS ; OPIE Practice Management Suite (see all 9 examples)
- Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint
- Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
- Word processing software — Microsoft Word
Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.
Tools Used
- Alignment jig — Vertical transfer jigs
- Anvils
- Automatic lathe or chucking machine — Workshop lathes
- Belt sander — Belt sanders
- Bench vises — Workshop bench vises
- Bending machines — Bending irons
- Calipers — Digital calipers
- Cast cutters or saws — Cast cutters; Cast spreaders
- Claw hammer — Claw hammers
- Deburring tool — Deburring tools
- Desktop computers
- Digital camcorders or video cameras — Digital video cameras
- Electro pneumatic transducers — Pressure transducers
- Electromyography EMG units or accessories — Electromyographs EMG
- Goggles — Safety goggles
- Goniometers
- Half round file — Half-round files
- Hand reamer — Tube reamers
- Heat guns — Workshop heat guns
- Hex keys — Allen wrenches
- Laboratory mechanical convection ovens — Laboratory air circulating ovens
- Laboratory safety ovens — Infrared laboratory ovens
- Levels — Laser levels
- Masks or accessories — Dust masks
- Medical exam or non surgical procedure gloves — Medical examination protective gloves
- Medical staff isolation or surgical masks — Surgical masks
- Medical tape measures — Medical measuring tapes
- Mill saw file — Single-cut mill saw files
- Notebook computers — Laptop computers
- Personal computers
- Personal digital assistant PDAs or organizers — Personal digital assistants PDA
- Pipe or tube cutter — Tube cutters
- Pipe vises — Pipe clamps
- Power buffers
- Power drills
- Power grinders — Grinding machines
- Power planes — Power planers
- Power routers — Trautman routers; Variable speed routers
- Power sanders
- Power saws — Circular saws
- Pressure indicators — Force platforms
- Protractors — Digital protractors
- Punching pliers — Revolving punch pliers
- Rasps — Hand rasps
- Rulers — Precision rulers
- Scanners — Digitizers; Laser scanners
- Sewing machines — Industrial sewing machines
- Shears
- Spot welding machine — Welders
- Tablet computers
- Tongs — Holding tongs
- Traveling column milling machine — Computer numerical controlled CNC milling machines
- Utility knives — Scarpas knives
- Vacuum molding machines — Vacuum molding systems; Vacuum presses
- Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
- Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
- Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
- English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
- Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
- Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
- Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
- Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
- Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
- Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
- Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes.
- Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
- Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
- Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
- Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
- Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
- Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
- Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
- Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
- Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
- Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
- Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
- Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
- Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
- Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
- Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
- Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
- Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
- Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
- Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
- Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
- Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
- Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
- Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
- Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
- Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
- Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
- Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
- Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
- Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
- Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
- Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
- Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
- Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
- Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
- Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
- Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
- Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
- Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
- Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Work Activities
- Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
- Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
- Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
- Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
- Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
- Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
- Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
- Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
- Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
- Communicating with Persons Outside Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
- Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
- Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
- Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
- Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
- Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
- Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
- Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
- Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
- Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
- Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
- Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
- Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
- Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
- Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
- Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
- Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
- Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
- Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
- Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
- Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
- Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
- Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
- Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
- Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
- Provide Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Detailed Work Activities
- Adjust prostheses or other assistive devices.
- Collect medical information from patients, family members, or other medical professionals.
- Examine patients to assess general physical condition.
- Measure the physical or physiological attributes of patients.
- Instruct patients in the use of assistive equipment.
- Record patient medical histories.
- Fabricate medical devices.
- Design medical devices or appliances.
- Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment.
- Supervise medical support personnel.
- Train medical providers.
- Maintain medical or professional knowledge.
- Conduct research to increase knowledge about medical issues.
- Present medical research reports.
Find occupations related to multiple detailed work activities
Work Context
- Face-to-Face Discussions — 100% responded "Every day."
- Telephone — 82% responded "Every day."
- Frequency of Decision Making — 79% responded "Every day."
- Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 94% responded "Every day."
- Contact With Others — 61% responded "Constant contact with others."
- Electronic Mail — 73% responded "Every day."
- Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 70% responded "Every day."
- Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 67% responded "Every day."
- Exposed to Contaminants — 67% responded "Every day."
- Freedom to Make Decisions — 58% responded "A lot of freedom."
- Physical Proximity — 69% responded "Very close (near touching)."
- Time Pressure — 55% responded "Every day."
- Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 52% responded "Very important results."
- Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 58% responded "Extremely important."
- Work With Work Group or Team — 55% responded "Extremely important."
- Deal With External Customers — 63% responded "Extremely important."
- Duration of Typical Work Week — 67% responded "More than 40 hours."
- Structured versus Unstructured Work — 48% responded "Some freedom."
- Exposed to Disease or Infections — 41% responded "Every day."
- Letters and Memos — 48% responded "Once a week or more but not every day."
- Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 44% responded "Once a week or more but not every day."
- Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 48% responded "More than half the time."
- Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — 55% responded "High responsibility."
- Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 39% responded "Moderate responsibility."
- Spend Time Standing — 45% responded "More than half the time."
- Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 36% responded "Every day."
- Consequence of Error — 39% responded "Very serious."
- Coordinate or Lead Others — 42% responded "Important."
- Level of Competition — 48% responded "Highly competitive."
- Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 44% responded "Once a month or more but not every week."
- Frequency of Conflict Situations — 42% responded "Once a month or more but not every week."
Job Zone
|Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
|Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
|Related Experience
|Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
|Job Training
|Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.
|Job Zone Examples
|These occupations often involve coordinating, training, supervising, or managing the activities of others to accomplish goals. Very advanced communication and organizational skills are required. Examples include pharmacists, lawyers, astronomers, biologists, clergy, neurologists, and veterinarians.
|SVP Range
|(8.0 and above)
Interest code: SRI Want to discover your interests? Take the O*NET Interest Profiler at My Next Move.
- Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.
- Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
- Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
Work Styles
- Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
- Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
- Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
- Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
- Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
- Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
- Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
- Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
- Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
- Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
- Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
- Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
- Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
- Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
- Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.
- Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
Work Values
- Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
- Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
- Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
Related Occupations
Wages & Employment Trends
|Median wages (2019)
|$32.89 hourly, $68,410 annual
|State wages
|Local wages
|Employment (2018)
|9,100 employees
|Projected growth (2018-2028)
|Much faster than average (11% or higher)
|Projected job openings (2018-2028)
|State trends
|Top industries (2018)
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2019 wage data and 2018-2028 employment projections . "Projected growth" represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2018-2028). "Projected job openings" represent openings due to growth and replacement.
Job Openings on the Web
Sources of Additional Information
Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.
- American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists
- American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics and Pedorthics
- American Orthotic and Prosthetic Association
- American Physical Therapy Association
- Association of Children's Prosthetic-Orthotic Clinics
- Board of Certification/Accreditation
- International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics
- National Commission on Orthotic and Prosthetic Education
- Occupational Outlook Handbook: Orthotists and prosthetists
- Pedorthic Footcare Association


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Baking, brownies, dessert, marshmallow, pecans, rocky road, sweet
A couple of months ago I went on a ski trip with a number of friends to Golden. OK, for me it was an apres ski trip, where I excelled in drinking margaritas, attempting my first shot ski (I'll let you google that; no wait, now it sounds dirty: it's a ski with shot glasses attached so four people are doing shots at once.) (EDIT: I stand mistaken. This is a five-shot shot ski. Thanks Tait!), hot tubbing, cooking (for which I volunteered) and participating in much general merriment.
My friend Dawn and I created a meal plan and bought all the groceries to make things easier for everyone attending (and then we divided the cost amongst all the people on the trip). While we had a solid plan, we did wind around the grocery store aisles trying to figure out if we were missing anything. Somehow along the way we decided it would be awesome to get some marshmallows for hot chocolate. And, for some unknown reason, this culminated in purchasing a 1-kilogram (yeah, that's 2.2 pounds) bag of baby marshmallows. When, at the end of the weekend, we were dividing up the remaining groceries, I somehow was gifted the marshmallows, which, of course, we never opened.
Initially, my instinct was to make browned-butter Rice Krispie treats. Um, then things got busy and I was eating a lot of last-minute meals and that generally translated into eating the entire box of cereal I had bought to make the marshmallow treats. Fail.
And then I starting thinking about some S'mores brownies my friend Andree made. So I started googling and at some point I stumbled across these Rocky Road Brownies. (Why they are related to TLC, I know not.) What I can tell you? They are AMAZING.
Deep, dark, fudgy base, topped with melted smears of sweet marshmallow and the salty crunch of pecans.
Just look at that.
Let me put it this way: I usually eat one piece of whatever I've baked and then give the rest away. This time? I ate two pieces, gave some away, but held another two back for later. And when those were gone I'm not afraid to say that I was a wee bit sad. Thankfully (or not), I've got about 2 pounds of those marshmallows left.
Clearly, I'm making these again.
(The original recipe calls for walnuts, but I like pecans, so that's what I keep around. Also, I didn't have buttermilk and didn't want to buy some just for this, so I used 1/4 cup of whole milk with a bit of lemon juice squeezed in.)
Rocky Road Brownies
- 1/2 cup butter
- 1/2 cup unsweetened cocoa powder
- 1 cup sugar
- 1/2 cup all-purpose flour
- 1/4 cup buttermilk
- 1 egg
- 1 teaspoon vanilla
- 1 cup miniature marshmallows
- 1 cup coarsely chopped pecans
- 1 cup semi-sweet chocolate chips
Preheat oven to 350. Butter an 8-inch square pan. (If you have parchment paper, I like to make a sling by lining the pan with a piece of parchment large enough to create overhang outside of the pan.)
In a pot over low heat, combine butter and cocoa, stirring constantly until smooth. Remove from heat and stir in sugar, flour, buttermilk, egg and vanilla. Mix until smooth. Spread evenly in the pan. Bake 25 minutes or until center feels dry. Do not overbake. Remove from oven, sprinkle with marshmallows, pecans and chocolate chips. Return to oven 3 to 5 minutes or just until topping is slightly melted.
Cool in pan on wire rack. Cut into squares.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ludovica Banfi's areas of expertise with respect to the FRA's work include: health and migration; multiple discrimination; gender equality and social research methods.
She has managed several projects in areas such as migration and domestic work, healthcare of migrants, multiple discrimination and transnationalism in the context of migration in the EU and neighbouring countries. She previously worked as a research fellow at the University of Bologna, the University of Trento and at Middlesex University and as a research assistant in NGOs in Canada, Italy and Ukraine.
She holds a PhD in sociology and has published a number of articles, book chapters and reports in the fields of migration and discrimination, including Genderace, The use of racial anti-discrimination laws: gender and citizenship in a multicultural context - Final report (2010).


text:
Introduzca su mensaje
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Kingspoon Australia
I stayed 4 nights at this lovely establishment during a recent trip . From checking in at the Reception Desk to checking out I was SO well looked after - I think for me I will always compare service in future with the service I received here . I'm not talking crawling subservience or simpering obsequiousness - everyone was charming , bright and cheerful . I have worked in Hotels , I kno' how hard the life can be with few returns . Who ever is in charge here should appreciate what a great Hotel they have - I am sure they already do ... that's why their staff are this endearing . I have a habit of asking unusual questions at any Reception Desk - all I got from these people were smiles and co-operation . They always took time out for me ....train time tables , restaurant menus , geography lessons . Hurray for the staff .... I would actually live there if it was possible - as for going back to stay - I wouldn't stay anywhere else in Florence .
Isadisca Portugal
O hotel é pequeno, muito limpo e os funcionarios cordiais. O café da manha é muito bem servido, em um salao decorado com afrescos. Localizaçao excelente a 10 minutos a pé da estaçao de trens SMN e a poucos passos do Duomo. Um achado em Florença.
Valerie -
Ourdouble room was very nice, air conditioned, separate spacious en suite. The Reception was friendly and very helpful. The breakfast was good as was the service. Easy walking to centre of town for shops and sightseeing.
Carlot Manila
We spent 3 days in the hotel. I love the authenticity of the place and the staff being helpful most especially Paolo. Breakfast was great & the baristas make great latte! The location is very accessible to the landmarks, right next to Palazzo Medici Riccardi.
Stephen UK
Smaller family run hotel in a superb location, very near the Duomo but in a quieter part. Lovely decor, the hotel used to be a family residence. Excellent breakfast. Friendly staff, and one is a certified walking guide for Florence. Recommended, and would definitely stay here a
Jose Spain
Muito bem localizado, com acesso a pé às principais atrações de Florença, aproveita um antigo edifício, situando-se no primeiro piso (sem elevador). Instalações bastante funcionais, sem luxo! Estacionamento próximo adequado.
Michelle Maryland
This hotel was great! Wonderful location! We were able to walk to all major sight seeing attractions. The room was so big. The bathroom was very clean. The staff was great. They had wonderful restaurant recommendations.
Agneska Poland
Bardzo przyjazna obsługa, pan Paolo rewelacyjny, piękne wnętrza, blisko centrum, bardzo dobre miejsce do wypoczynku, jeśli powrót do Florencji to tylko w to miejsce Polecane zarówno dla osób samotnie podróżujących jak i rodzin Bezproblemowo ze zwierzętami
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Berloque pistol.
Gerhard Göbharter GmbH has been producing so-called "Berloque pistols" in 124 steps using 15 individual parts since 1905.
In addition to serious use, Berloque pistols can also be used for entertainment. Colourful flares and a festive gun salute help set the mood for numerous celebrations such as birthday parties, weddings and anniversaries and bring a smile to the face of adults and children alike.
The smallest pistol in the world, the original Berloque pistol is a wonder of precision engineering. It is both an effective blank cartridge pistol and legitimate flare pistol, a sought-after collectorŽs item and a small, exquisite piece of security.
they are available either in silver metal case.
Dimensions: the pistol 4cmx2cm
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Submitted: 11 years old
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During the 1800s, the zither's popularity in America is evidenced by the numerous published accounts of zither concerts, zither advertisements, zither makers and merchandisers. What's not readily available, however, are details that provide insight into the lives of American zither players during this time period. In this article, family historian and genealogist John Maurath shares the story of his great-grandfather Louis "Louie" Maurath, former zitherist and resident of Millstadt, Illinois.
Louis "Louie" MAURATH was born in the last year of the American Civil War, on October 12, 1865, on a 200 acre farm, just north of the town of Millstadt, St. Clair County, Illinois, which is located just a few miles southeast of the City of St. Louis, Missouri. He was the 12th of 14 children born to Felix and Josephine Maurath, 11 of whom lived to adulthood. He was their first child born in Millstadt, the rest having been born in St. Louis. He grew up speaking German and occasionally French at home. German was the language taught in school in Millstadt at that time, but English was also being taught in school and in the community. As an old man, he still spoke with a slight German accent.
Louie's father Felix (1815–1897) came from the village of Unzhurst (old German for "our forest") in the state of Baden, Germany. This was the northern Black Forest, and only a few kilometers away from Strassbourg, France. Felix first came to America as a stowaway on a boat, settling in Cleveland, Ohio, then moving to Chillicothe, then Cincinnati, and then finally to St. Louis in the mid to late 1830's, where he was purportedly a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi river. In 1852 Felix left the river life, and became a drayman, and was later supposedly a wagoner for the Union Army in St. Louis during the Civil War.
In 1864, with the threat of invasion into Missouri and ultimately into St. Louis, by Missouri's Confederate General Sterling Price, and after the death of his oldest son who was killed in battle, Felix decided to move his family across the Mississippi river to the safety of the German immigrant town of Millstadt, where Louie was born, less than one year later.
Louie's mother was Catherine Josephine Jacob (1825–1909), who was born just after the Napoleonic period and whose empress Josephine, was still beloved by many. The Jacob family had also come to Ohio from the village of Vieux-Lixheim in the state of Lorraine, France (the famed Moselle wine region). Felix went back to Cincinnati temporarily, where he married Josephine in old St. Mary's Catholic Church in 1844. They were married again in 1852 at St. Vincent De Paul Catholic Church in St. Louis, after their original marriage record from St. Mary's was supposedly lost.
As was the custom with most Germans (most Europeans) in 19th century America, Felix and Josephine required their children, especially the boys, to study music and to learn to play musical instruments. Felix himself had brought a violin from Europe, a replica of the ones made in Paris by the famous Italian violin-maker Vincent Panormo. This violin, with an actual Panormo label inside, is currently (Spring, 2008) on a 2-year display in the Capitol Museum in the Capitol Building in Jefferson City, Missouri. Also on display in this same historic museum, are several of Franz Schwarzer's ornately hand-crafted zithers, which are actually now owned by the Capitol Museum. Felix and Josephine also believed in higher education, and so all of their sons were sent to college, which was a real feat for large families in the 1800's.
"Big Louie", as he came to be called, excelled in music, and was sent to the Northern Indiana Normal School and Business Institute, now known as Valparaiso University, and not far from Chicago. It was not only a business school, but also a school for musicians and teachers. There, along with his brothers, he took courses to enhance his knowledge of music, and classes to improve his skills in playing the piano, the organ, the violin and other instruments. Ultimately, he received certificates (degrees) in music, teaching and commercial (business). "Big Louie" especially excelled in playing our favorite instrument, the zither, which became his own favorite personal instrument, and which was ultimately with him all of his life. It's not known for sure if he initially learned to play the zither back home as a young boy in Millstadt, or at Valparaiso. In a 2005 report from Mr. Mel Doering, Archivist at Valparaiso University, a (German) Professor named August Wolf was listed on Valparaiso's faculty list in the late 1800's as "Professor of Violin and Zither, and in special charge of Orchestra".
But since there were other zither players in and around the German communities surrounding Millstadt, it's most probable that Louie initially learned to play the zither at home. Interestingly, Louie's daughter (my great-aunt) Carmelitta "Carme" Maurath–Trueman (1907–2001) and I discussed (for fun) the possibility of Millstadt being the "zither capitol of St. Clair County, Illinois". There were indeed other zither players in and around Millstadt, including Louie's cousin Richard Rohr, who did not attend college at Valparaiso, nor any other school. And, the inspiration for Louie to play the zither, probably came from his father Felix, who, before he left Baden, Germany in 1833, might have heard the mesmorizing music of the traveling zither minstrel Johann Petzmayer. Petzmayer (1803-1884) later became famous for teaching Duke Maximilian Josef of Bavaria (1808-1888) to play the zither, and ultimately became the Duke's court zitherist. Interestingly, Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria was the figurehead leader of Baden during Felix's youth there, and his daughter married the zither player, Duke Maximilian Josef.
While at Valparaiso, "Big Louie", along with classmates W. P. Milliken (guitar) from Bolivar, Polk County, Missouri, and J. J. Williams (violin) from Cross Timbers, Hickory County, Missouri, formed a 3-man college band. The accompanying picture of them was taken in the year 1889, while in school at Valparaiso. Interestingly, this was less than one year after the death of the above-mentioned Duke Maximilian Josef of Bavaria, the famed aristocratic zither player, who was affectionately dubbed "Zithermaxl" by his own people. Until very recently, Louie's zither, which can be seen in this picture, was still in the family. We can't be sure, but his zither was most probably a Schwarzer zither, since Washington, Missouri is only about 60 miles or less from Millstadt. Ironically, no one in the family ever bothered to look at the manufacturer's label inside the sound hole on Louie's heirloom zither, before it was accidentally, unintentionally, and tragically disposed of.
According to his daughter Carme, Louie probably played the zither occasionally in public at parties, dances, church socials, etc. before he was married, which is actually how he met his wife. Aunt Carme said he would lick his finger and wave it through the air, just before he would begin to play, "and boy, could he make that zither sing! It was so beautiful!" But, Mrs. Jan Stessl of the Chicago Zither Club, questioned this, because without amplification, the zither would have been hard to hear in a crowd of people back then, unless it was played in a quieter, chamber-music type of atmosphere, and/or unless the listeners were quiet and attentive. At any rate, testimony from Louie and his family, and the picture itself, gives credence to the fact that zithers were more popular back at that period of time in American history, and were indeed used in bands back then …… and even in orchestras, especially if Professor Wolf would have had anything to say about it. But even newspapers across America, from the 1850's up until World War I, abound with ads and articles about music stores that sold zithers, about zither clubs, zither concerts, zither soloists, strings and supplies for zithers, zither music, zither instructors, and even short histories of the beloved zither.
On May 1, 1895, 29 year old Louie Maurath married 18 year old Carmelitta "Carrie" Roos, also from Millstadt. Around 1903, they moved to St. Louis, where Louie was employed in the offices of the St. Louis Car Company, a manufacturer of streetcars and railroad cars. Louie was probably a member of the St. Louis Zither Club, which later disbanded some time around World War I. In 1928, Louie's beloved Carrie died prematurely at age 52. In her honor, he shaved off his moustache, and quietly put his zither away, only bringing it out occasionally, to rarely play for family, or when some of his old buddies came around to play cards and have drinks. Six years after his wife's death, his youngest son Leo was killed in a car accident at age 21. After this, Louie became more quiet and to himself, and took on a more stoic demeanor. Before this, he was described as fun-loving, with a great sense of humor. "The smile, which could always be seen in his eyes, was sometimes replaced by the heaviness of memories".
Louie remained a widower, and went on to live a quiet, uneventful life, and retired in the 1930's from St. Louis Public Service Company. According to family, he was one of the first pensioners to receive a pension from Social Security. With more pensive time on his hands, one wonders what Louie thought, after Anton Karas made the zither world-famous in the classic 1949 movie "The Third Man" ?
In 1962, one week after his 97th birthday, "Big Louie" Maurath, the little-known zither player from the small town of Millstadt, IL, passed on to eternity, leaving a quiet legacy of zither music to his family, and a historic photograph to the zither community. The significance of his little-known story, is not only a tribute to his life and his family, but is also a testament to a time in America, when zither music was more prevalent and more popular, and attests to the fact, that there are probably hundreds, maybe thousands of stories of other zither players just like him, waiting to be brought to the forefront. If you had a relative or ancestor who played the zither, please share their story and their pictures with us. Through these stories and photographs, the beauty of zither music will be brought back to its rightful place in the world, so that countless others will have the opportunity to appreciate one of the most unique-sounding, one of the most beautiful musical instruments the world has ever known, but which few people know today.
Source for pictures: From the family collection of Louie MAURATH, which was handed down to his daughter Carme after his death, and now in the possession of Carme's daughter Carolyn Trueman-Weber.
Richard ROHR picture taken Nov. 4, 1894 on his 21st birthday. Richard was the son of Jean-Nicolas & Marguerite ROHR, and a first-cousin to Big Louie. The Rohr's had come to Millstadt from the town of Rimling (near the city of Sarreguemines), Lorraine, France. Richard was an inventor, and had a number of inventions under his belt, including an automated potato digger, which he patented in 1910, and upon which incidentally, one could ride. Richard was so proud of his zither picture, that he would give it as a wedding gift to family and friends, along with the following ornately-scripted verse:
Freundschaft ist wie ein gutes Buch;
Man liest sich darin nie genug
Zwischen Freuden, Leiden, Geschaeften,
Zwanglos erscheint's in losen Heften.
Wir lasen noch kaum das erste Kapitel;
Fortsetzung folgt im nachsten Drittel,
Sei hier ein Zeichen ungelegt!
John Maurath is a family historian and genealogist. He is a staff member at the Missouri Civil War Museum at historic Jefferson Barracks ( www.mcwm.org ), and also a member of; the St. Louis Genealogical Society, the Millstadt Historical Society, and the Sunset Hills (Missouri) Historical Society. He also restores old tombstones in old cemeteries, and is a member of the Association for Gravestone Studies. John is a zither enthusiast and loves zither music, and for a short period of time before moving back home to St. Louis in 2003, took zither lessons from the famed Chicago zither player Kathi Kurzenberger. He maintains membership in the Chicago Zither Club. During visits to the ancestral village of Unzhurst, John discovered that Maurath family members there, still play the zither. John Louis Maurath is the great-grandson and namesake of "Big Louie" Maurath, and was afforded the opportunity, as a little boy, to sit on the lap of the antiquarian, and hear some of his interesting stories of old.


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I'm often asked what happened to the original page of the familysearch search engine. Although I have written about this before I am adding details again.
The old page is still reachable (from here at least) at http://classic.familysearch.org/ On this page you can also download the familysearch free software PAF to record your family research.
The custom IGI search page might also be of interest:
Related articles
- Steve Archer's website – IGI batch number (cumpstonresearch.wordpress.com)
- Using the FamilySearch Record Collections (cumpstonresearch.wordpress.com)


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Reading through the comment threads on my Boy Scouts thing, I notice that many of you who might normally be in my corner took some umbrage at that "go form your own country" business, and, well, obviously I can see why. I'm sure that if I happened to live in Atlanta, I'd hate the thought of being consigned to live in the Reactionary States of America and I wouldn't like the idea of some smart-ass Yankee pundit (a cousin to Randy Newman's smart-ass New York Jew) suggesting it.
I know that there are fine, fine people in the South, and lots of progressive-minded people who are repelled by the standard mores and working to change things. I even know that many conservative people are basically fine people when it comes to everything but their political views, and that a person's political views don't come close to telling the whole story about him or her.
And I know that the South has its charms. I love "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down," for starters. I am actually—hold on to your hats—going to South Carolina, of all lamentable places, on a vacation soon. Entirely of my own volition! There may not be a single state I think worse of, for a range of historical reasons. Not even Alabama. So there you are. We're all full of contradictions.
Having said all that, the historical fact remains: Since the beginning of this republic, the South has held the country back. A commenter in that thread reminded me that all this goes back a lot farther than the GI Bill and the Ed Sullivan Show. It goes back to the writing of the Constitution itself.
Obviously and appallingly, there was the three-fifths compromise, but the language of many provisions was altered to show deference to the, ah, sensitivities of the Southerners, like the importation language making slavery legal for at least another 20 years, which protected the slave trade and satisfied the Southern representatives that the importation of slaves would continue. Was union really worth that immoral price? I do often wonder.
I own a few volumes of writings by the Anti-Federalists that I dip into from time to time. They're the people who were against union, on a range of grounds intellectually; emotionally, they seem to have felt that the regional differences were irreconcilable and the whole thing just wouldn't work. It's odd, because these people were regarded as the reactionaries of their day, but given that we went to war over those differences and have been at war culturally throughout the entire history of the republic, I wouldn't say they were necessarily wrong. I'll share some of their writings with you from time to time. You read some of them and you think that the Northern and Southern states becoming one country was sort of akin to Greece and Turkey trying to make one country (with the obvious difference that North and South had a common language).
I am (mostly) joking about go form your own country. Splitting up would be complicated and probably impractical. But I am arguing that the historical time has come for the United States to stop having to reduce public matters to the lowest common denominator to placate the South. We've been doing it since the beginning. Enough, enough, enough. Most of the country wants progress on a range of social questions, and always, most of the country is held back by the South. You all know that in virtually every public opinion poll you see, if you separate out the Southern responses, you have clear progressive majorities on nearly every major public policy question. I'm sure no one is as frustrated by all this as Southern progressives, and I sympathize with that. But this business of placating reaction has to end.
Light posting today as I'm working on a Newsweek feature.


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In honor of Tina, who is on vacation today, I will post this video in the off-topic slot. What is it? Why, it is a "trailer" for a "movie" called 8 to Go, which is about a cat who wants to be a DJ. Because he wants to do a show with Deadmaus. Because he thinks Deadmaus is an actual mouse.
The video, as it turns out, was made by FreshStep Cat Litter, who have created something of a collection of cat videos on their YouTube page. Most don't appear to be branded, which makes me think that Catvertising really has become a reality.
Everyone ready for the weekend? I sure am. Except that it's pouring rain in San Francisco, so I'm not all that keen to go out. Guess I better tune in to the Midnight Channel tonight. (If you think I'm not going to make that joke every time it rains for the rest of my life, you are mistaken.)
Talk games, cats, or anything else you like, here or over in the Talk Amongst Yourselves forum. Have good conversation, and a great weekend.
(Via Laughing Squid)


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Home >> Course Descriptions >> College of Arts and Sciences
American Revolution/Early National Era 1763-1815
Three semester hours.
A study of the international and colonial developments leading to the American Revolution and the winning of independence from Great Britain. Also includes: U. S. society's beginnings under the Articles of Confederation; the making of the Constitution of 1787, the forging of American institutions and culture under the first presidents, forces leading up to American involvement in the War of 1812, and the impact of the War on American civilization.
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It's 3:00 am and I just got home from work after a 14.5 hour very busy shift at the pub. I had originally been working a day shift and said I would help out for a couple of hours because of the nice weather (our patio gets busy). Well fourteen and a half hours later, I was finally finished. My date for the day was pushed back – luckily he works with me and got called in to work, so we managed to have a quick date/beer together at the end of our shift. My plan to write this afternoon, when I was supposed to be done work, didn't happen. Hence me writing this at now 3:18am, very tired and celebrating the start of my birthday with a glass of wine. Today's post will not win me a Pulitzer Prize.
The house date
I can't wait for next month, when The Makeup Artist said he will teach me how to cook his mom's butter chicken recipe for International Cooking month (and I will post the recipe). It was so delicious. He had me over to his house, where he cooked lunch, we caught up (it's been awhile since we've seen each other – we met while working together at a theatre company years ago), and he showed me his photos from Sri Lanka, where he spent a couple of months doing prosthetics and makeup for a film. After lunch, he took me for gelato on a patio in the sunshine.
I wish I had both the energy and the brain power at the moment to write more about my date with The Makeup Artist. He is so lovely and it was exactly what I needed – a hang out at his house, home-cooked food, and good conversation (sprinkled with some silly). I love a guy who can cook. Right now, though, I think my poetic prose is lacking and sleep is coming very soon.
Side topic that has nothing to do with my date, but wanted to fit in: More on open relationships
I couldn't get my open relationship pal from OkCupid to agree to me posting his comments about open relationships (he hasn't responded yet and I'm running out of time – guess I'll have to save it for the book). I've talked a lot about the concept of open relationships, though, and many people seem fascinated by the concept. So for your information: click here to watch a video I found of Sex Matters on CTV – interview with the owners of Wicked and a tour of "Toronto's First Hedonistic On-Premise Club. The club provides a safe, erotic environment where you can live out your sexual fantasies no matter how wild or how mild! "
My final date! Woo hoo! (Well, I guess you already know how that went) I can't believe I made it through 31 days of dating.


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Jurassic Park: The Game targets November 15 release
Telltale Games is releasing every episode of Jurassic Park: The Game simultaneously this November.
November's a crazy month for games. Uncharted 3, Modern Warfare 3, Assassin's Creed Revelations, Skyrim, and more are all set to battle for your holiday dollar. But do any of these games have dinosaurs? No, they do not.
Thankfully, Telltale Games is ready to rectify this crucial shortcoming in the games release schedule. The company is "targeting" a November 15th release of Jurassic Park: The Game.
The PC and PlayStation 3 versions will be delivered online via the Telltale store and the PlayStation Network. Although the game series is designed to be episodic, all of the episodes will be available to download simultaneously. Great news for people afraid of cliffhangers. The Xbox 360 version will also be available on November 15th, but will be compiled as a retail disc.
In addition, Telltale is working on an iPad version of the game, IGN reports. The company didn't give a release window, but did note that the game will be released episodically on that platform.
Andrew Yoon posted a new article, Jurassic Park: The Game targets November 15 release.
Telltale Games is releasing every episode of Jurassic Park: The Game simultaneously this November.


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Street food comes in many flavors, but in crowded lower Manhattan, the streets can be more precious real estate than the storefronts. Hence Tacombi, a gourmet taco joint slinging barbacoa from the inside of a VW Combi parked comfortably indoors.
Jalopnik's vehicular taco connoisseur maintains the only proper taco topping in most cases is onions, cilantro and lime juice. Some of us disagree. Strongly.