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SunGate Primary Care opened this month, providing another option for family medical care at a new medical center complex near Sun City Hilton Head.
The practice is led by Christopher LeBlanc, a family physician with nearly a decade of experience. In addition to LeBlanc, the practice will offer an experienced medical staff, including physician assistant Erica Cooler Roper, who also serves as a PA for Palmetto Eye Specialists.
SunGate Primary Care offers the following services:
• Physicals
• Same-day appointments for emergencies
• Basic diagnosis and treatment of common illnesses and medical conditions
• Medical testing of present symptoms
• Collaboration with referral specialists
• Coordination of the care given by varied organizations such as hospitals or rehabilitation clinics
• Long-term management of chronic health conditions
• Special interests include diabetes and hypertension
LeBlanc has worked at a number of family medicine practices and hospitals, and most recently was a family physician at Bluffton-Okatie Primary Care.
Board-certified in family practice by the American College of Osteopathic Family Physicians, LeBlanc has worked extensively in serving the health care needs of both adults and children when it comes to preventive care and medical treatment. In addition to focusing on overall wellness, LeBlanc specializes in the management of chronic diseases.
SunGate Primary Care is the fifth medical practice to open at SunGate Medical Center. The other four practices at the new medical building are Palmetto Eye Specialists, Palmetto Optical Shop, Hughes Dental Group and Drayer Physical Therapy.
Plans are under way to launch additional medical specialties at SunGate this year, including Island Medical Spa and the Twenty20 Café -a healthy café eatery located right inside the building.
SunGate Medical Center is located at 10 William Pope Drive in Bluffton, in the former Pulte Administration Building for Sun City. To schedule an appointment, call 705-1510.
For more information about SunGate Primary Care and to schedule appointments, call 705-1510, or visit www.Sungatemedicalcenter.com.


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Assume that you are testing a website, and your test looks like this:
- Test that the website is up.
- Test that the servlet is deployed.
- Test 10 operations on this servlet.
Something goes wrong in the latest run, and the deployment of your servlet fails. You take a look at the morning test reports, and you see this: "1 Passed, 11 Failed." Uh oh!
Did someone actually break eleven tests? This seems unlikely. Because you know these tests, you suspect that you are looking at a cascade effect: One test failed and it took all the others down. You don't really need to fix eleven tests, you just know that if you find the one that actually failed, the other ten will automatically run successfully.
This is pretty obvious with a small example, but imagine that you are dealing with thousands of tests, most of which you didn't write yourself, and you are now looking at a report saying that 341 tests failed. Where do you start?
The way out of this problem is test dependencies.
You need to tell the test framework in what ways your tests depend on each other so it will be smarter at running them. After all, what's the point of running ten servlet tests when the servlet hasn't been deployed at all, and the testing framework already knows this?
Here is one way of doing this with TestNG:
@Test public void webSiteShouldBeUp() { ... } @Test(dependsOnMethods = "webSiteShouldBeUp") public void servletShouldBeDeployed() { ... } @Test(dependsOnMethods = "servletShouldBeDeployed") public void testServlet1() { ... } @Test(dependsOnMethods = "servletShouldBeDeployed") public void testServlet2() { ... }
Now you run these tests with the same (failing) configuration, and your report reads: "1 Passed, 1 Failed, 10 Skipped."
This is a much more accurate report, and it points directly to where you should focus your efforts (the one test that failed). You can completely ignore the skipped tests as long as you have failed tests. This is made possible by the fact that the testing framework is now more knowledgeable about the structure of the tests, and thus, it can give you a much more accurate report of what actually happened.
As it turns out, the example I just showed is a bit suboptimal. For example, imagine that on top of
servletShouldBeDeployed(), you need to do another sanity check (for example,
databaseIsUp()) before your servlet tests can run. Doing so will force you to modify the ten test methods to add this dependency, which is quite annoying.
Fortunately, TestNG offers an elegant solution to this problem using the groups mentioned earlier. Dependencies can be used with groups as well. I can rewrite the example to introduce groups and have the test methods depend on groups instead of methods:
@Test(groups = "web-site-init") public void webSiteShouldBeUp() { ... } @Test(dependsOnGroups = "web-site-init", groups = "servlet-init") public void servletShouldBeDeployed() { ... } @Test(dependsOnGroups = "web-site-init", groups = "servlet-init") public void databaseShouldBeUp() { ... } @Test(dependsOnGroups = "servlet-init") public void testServlet1() { ... } @Test(dependsOnGroups = "servlet-init") public void testServlet2() { ... }
You now have two groups,
"web-site-init," which will run first, and then
"servlet-init." Adding methods to any of these groups is trivial, and it guarantees that any method from the first group will run before the methods in the second group.
Wrapping Up
I've only scratched the surface of the features that TestNG offers in support of functional testing, but this brief overview should give you with a good idea of the kind of testing that TestNG enables. TestNG is open source using the Apache 2.0 license. The TestNG documentation covers the features explained here in greater detail and many more.
Cédric Beust is He is a former Google engineer now working on Android. He is also the founder and lead developer of TestNG project.

subset: commoncrawl


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Get feedback
Now a community service announcement. If you're a Struggling Writer (TM) looking for ways to improve, head straight for the recently-revamped Internet Writing Workshop. Or, possibly, read the rest of this blog, then head on over. That might make more sense.
The toughest thing about writing a novel is the loss of perspective. For me, the process usually goes like this:
- Hey, what a great idea for a book! This will rock!
- This story is going gangbusters. Look at all these plot threads unfolding!
- I should really start to tie some of these plot threads together.
- Okay, now which threads are important and which aren't? What is this book really about?
- What makes a good story? Why do human beings read books?
- What is the meaning of life?
- Boo boo boo boo boo boo.
The best antidote to this is feedback. Or maybe therapy, but I've never tried that. Feedback allows you to view your story through the eyes of someone reading it for the first time, something you the author can never do. When I get good feedback, I weep with joy, and the realization that I need to do three months of rewrites.
But there are two big problems with feedback:
- Some people are insane. They tell you to change all the good parts of your book, and set it in space. Since you have no perspective, it's difficult to tell these people are insane; you can think they're really insightful.
- It's embarrassing, at least for people who haven't done it very much. Writers are often touchy about receiving feedback, and readers know this so they're careful about giving it. The result is feedback like: "I liked everything." Which is nice to hear, but completely useless. Or even harmful, if it prevents you from seeing problems that need fixing.
The Internet Writing Workshop solves both of these problems. First, you get lots of feedback, possibly a dozen or so quick critiques, and this makes insane opinions stand out. When ten people tell you they love your main character and one person says you should rewrite him as a woman, you know you can safely ignore that person, and everything he ever says.
Second, everything is via e-mail, so you don't have to look any weepy-eyed writers in the face as you critically dissect their masterpieces. And they don't have to look at you, so the feedback you get is honest and free of any reflex need to soothe your feelings. This doesn't mean you'll always agree with it, but it will give you that invaluable glimpse of your own book through someone else's eyes.
The IWW is completely free, being run by hard-working and soft-hearted volunteers. I used it all the time when I was starting out, and it made me a better writer.


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Rich Wright's
Rich Wright's
1935 Chevy High Roof and 1/2-ton Pickup
Hometown: Westtown
Color: Blue with black fenders and running boards
Mileage: Original 74,683, now 00,000 for restored life
Under the hood: Stock 206.8, 6-cyl. OHV
Value: Could have bought a new Chevy truck cheaper
Pet name: Old Blue
Special features: Tried to keep as original as possible; added 5/4-inch oak wood pickup box rack
Favorite place to cruise: Local car shows and locally
Favorite cruise music: '50s and '60s rock 'n' roll
Dream car: 1965-66 Corvette
Other ride: 2012 Chevy Colorado pickup
What bugs you about other drivers? Tailgating
On which make and model did you learn to drive, and did you pass your driver's test the first time: 1951 Chevy 2-door; poor guy that gave me my test walked around my 1951 Chevy three times before he got in. It had dual exhaust, dual carburetors, 3/4 race cam, lowered and floor shift. He asked if it was legal. He was more nervous than I was — yes, I passed.
Vanity plate: Original 1935 plate — 8A9279
Other: This truck is in memory of my brother, Eddie Wright Sr.


text:
Compare cheap flights to Gambia
Gambia is the smallest country in the African continent. Despite its size, this country has a lot to offer when it comes to breathtaking natural heritage. It is also a home to some of the world's most festive celebrations, with graceful dances and colorful costumes paraded on the streets.
An ancient burial site
One of the most interesting places in Gambia is the Wassu Stone Circles. This place was constructed over 1,200 years ago. It is a burial site for people who lived during that time. The place is also referred to as the smaller version of the Stonehenge. These stones reflect ancient African cultures.
A meaningful visit
The Bijilo Forest Park is another tourist destination for foreigners who wanted a guided walk through a lush vegetation and abundant wildlife. During the tour, the guide will talk about their actions in order to campaign in saving the environment. They will also discuss some details of the animals and plants that you see along the way. You can also do your share by donating some amount of money or volunteering in some other projects to help preserve the forest.
Gambia is indeed a hidden treasure. See this beautiful place by booking a flight with Skiddoo.


text:
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Links relacionados
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Revista de biología marina y oceanografía
versión On-line ISSN 0718-1957
Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr. vol.46 no.3 Valparaíso dic. 2011
Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía
Vol. 46, Nº3: 405-419, diciembre de 2011
Eggs and larvae of anchoveta Engraulis ringens off northern Chile during the 1997-1998 El Niño event
Huevos y larvas de la anchoveta Engraulis ringens en el norte de Chile durante el evento El Niño 1997-1998
Pablo M. Rojas1, Mauricio F. Landaeta2 and Raúl Ulloa3
1División de Investigación en Acuicultura, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Balmaceda 252, Casilla 665, Puerto Montt, Chile
2Laboratorio de Ictioplancton (LABITI), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Casilla 5080, Viña del Mar, Chile
3Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Postgrado Ciencias Biológicas Agropecuarias y Pesqueras, Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo, CP 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
Se analizó el impacto del fenómeno El Niño (1997-1998) sobre la dinámica espacial, así como sobre los cambios en los patrones de agregación de los huevos y larvas de anchoveta debido a la alteración de las anomalías térmicas. Se realizaron seis campañas bio-oceanográficas en el norte de Chile desde Arica (18°29'S, 70°19'W) a Antofagasta (23°38'S, 70°24'W) durante diferentes períodos (antes y durante) del evento El Niño 1997-1998. Se registraron cambios en la distribución vertical y patrones de agregación de las larvas de anchoveta, así como un aumento de la biomasa de zooplancton con la llegada de El Niño; además, las preferencias ecológicas de la anchoveta fueron alteradas por el desplazamiento gradual hacia el sur de las zonas de desove como resultado de la llegada de aguas cálidas subtropicales. Un aumento en la biomasa del zooplancton vinculada a un cambio en la composición de especies sugiere un impacto negativo en la alimentación de las larvas de anchoveta. Los resultados obtenidos indicarían que cambios bruscos en el ambiente tendrían consecuencias inmediatas en la distribución de los estados tempranos de la anchoveta, causando un potencial impacto en el reclutamiento de esta especie pelágica en el Sistema de Corrientes de Humboldt frente al norte de Chile.
Palabras clave: Sistema de la Corriente de Humboldt-Chile, larvas de peces, anomalías térmicas, surgencia costera, zooplancton
The impact of the El Niño event (1997-1998) on the spatial dynamics as well as on the changes in the aggregation patterns of anchoveta eggs and larvae due to the alteration in the thermal anomalies were analyzed. Six bio-oceanographic surveys were carried out in northern Chile from Arica (18°29'S, 70°19'W) to Antofagasta (23°38'S, 70°24'W) over different periods (before and during) of the 1997-1998 El Niño event. Changes in the vertical distribution and aggregation patterns of anchoveta in early life stages were registered as well as an increase in zooplankton biomass with the arrival of El Niño; moreover, the spatial distribution of anchoveta was altered due to the gradually poleward displacement of spawning areas as a result of the arrival of subtropical warm waters from the north. The increase in zooplankton biomass linked to a change in the species composition suggests a negative impact on the anchoveta larval feeding. Our results suggest that abrupt changes in the environment would have immediate consequences on the spatial distribution of anchoveta in early life stages, causing a potential impact on the recruitment of this small pelagic fish in the Humboldt Current System off northern Chile.
Key words: Chile-Humboldt Current System, fish larvae, thermal anomaly, coastal upwelling, zooplankton
The coastal upwelling zone of the Humboldt Current System (HCS) in the eastern South Pacific is well known for its high primary productivity (up to 20 g C m-2 d-1, Daneri et al. 2000, Montero et al. 2007), which sustains high zooplankton biomass and abundance of coastal and oceanic small pelagic fish such as anchoveta, sardine (Cushing 1990), horse mackerel (Alheit & Bernal 1993, Cubillos et al. 2008) and sculpin (Landaeta et al. 2010). High coastal productivity is sustained mainly by the fertilizing effect of the coastal upwelling driven by equatorward alongshore wind stress, producing important nutrient supply to the euphotic zone above the continental shelf. Also, the offshore propagation of mesoscale eddies and meandering currents contributes significantly to expanding the area of high chlorophyll concentration beyond the coastal upwelling centre (Correa-Ramirez et al. 2007). The HCS is subject to strong inter-annual variability due to the effects of the El Niño Southern Oscillation events (ENSO). Probably due to the catastrophic collapse of the Peruvian fisheries after the 1972-1973 El Niño event, much of the actual knowledge about the effects of the ENSO over the HCS region comes from studies on Peruvian ecosystems. Numerous reports have approached both the physical variability (Fahrbach et al. 1991) and the biological consequences of the El Niño event on the pelagic ecosystems (Barber & Chavez 1983, 1986, Thomas et al. 2001), benthic communities (Tarazona et al. 1988, Arntz & Tarazona 1990), and fisheries (Alamo & Bouchon 1987, Arntz & Tarazona 1990). For Chilean waters, the warm phase of ENSO events negatively affects the settlement of gastropods (Moreno et al. 1998), cohort somatic growth and survival rates of coastal fishes (Hernández-Miranda & Ojeda 2006), abundance and composition of pelagic copepods (Hidalgo & Escribano 2001) and larval fishes (Rodriguez-Graña & Castro 2003, Landaeta et al. 2009). However, during El Niño, the diversity of marine fishes increases (Kong et al. 1985) as well as the biomass of the calanoid copepod Calanus chilensis (Escribano & Hidalgo 2000). Some reports on the upwelling systems off northern Chile (18º-30ºS) have shown inter-annual fluctuation in the anchoveta catches (Blanco et al. 2001) along with changes in the composition and abundance of plankton communities (Iriarte et al. 2000, González et al. 2002).
The effect of each of the El Niño events on the pelagic ecosystems of the southeastern Pacific ocean has differed over time, this difference being strongly related to the intensity and duration of each event, the period of maximum intensity, the season and especially in regards to the composition of the fauna present in the ecosystem at the time of its occurrence (Zebiak 1999). During the El Niño of 1997-1998 the phytoplankton community off Antofagasta (23°38'S, 70°24'W) was mainly composed of small species, including diatoms and autotrophic flagellates. The zooplankton community off northern Chile during non-El Niño conditions was dominated mostly by large copepods and euphausiids endemic to the HCS (Hidalgo & Escribano 2001, Fernández et al. 2002). However, time-series data of zooplankton from the Antofagasta coast show a substitution toward small-sized species, although in general terms the total biomass close to the coast did not suffer a sudden collapse in comparison with previous years (Ulloa et al. 2001).
Regarding the commercially important pelagic species from northern Chile, the anchoveta Engraulis ringens is a fast growing species inhabiting coastal zones with high productivity rates (Bertrand et al. 2004a), whereas the sardine Sardinops sagax is associated to oceanic waters and frontal zones between these zones and the coastal waters (Castillo et al. 1996, Bertrand et al. 2004a). Anchoveta stocks in northern Chile are restricted to a temperature range fluctuating between 12º-18ºC during austral winter (unpublished data). Despite the importance of the information related to upwelling circulation in the Humboldt Current System (HCS) and its impact on the survival of eggs and fish larvae for the population dynamics of exploited fish, it is still insufficient and only limited to the anchoveta population (Engraulis ringens) from central-southern Chile (Castro et al. 2000, 2009, Hernández & Castro 2000, Bustos et al. 2008).
Low oxygen concentrations in subsurface waters of coastal upwelling zones might also affect zoo- and ichthyoplankton vertical distribution (Pavez et al. 2010). In the Humboldt Current System the layer of low dissolved oxygen concentration is rather shallow (Minimum Oxygen Layer, < 20 m) (Morales et al. 1996, Giesecke & González 2004). The limits of temperature and oxygen tolerance for anchoveta and sardine in this region have been reported to fluctuate between 14º-21°C and 16º-23°C, and between 1.8 ml L-1 and 2.0 ml L-1 respectively. These factors are often closely related (Morales et al. 1996). The above mentioned oxygen concentrations are found at 30 m depth and may be responsible for a restricted vertical distribution of the anchoveta.
Climatic changes at different time scales would be the responsible factors causing alterations to both the aggregation and spawning patterns of pelagic fish associated to coastal upwelling environments (Chavez et al. 2003, Bertrand et al. 2004a). In northern Chile, anchoveta showed similar responses to the effects of the El Niño event over the period 1957-2000, revealing a gradual decrease in abundance as the species approached the coast, with the sole exception of the 1992-1993 event where anchoveta abundance was not largely affected, despite the intensity of that event (Blanco et al. 2002).
Despite the confirmed ecological differences in the pelagic habitat between sardine and anchoveta associated with coastal upwelling zones off northern Chile, little is known about the effects on the distribution patterns of anchoveta eggs and larvae with the arrival of the El Niño 1997-1998 to the northern coast of Chile. The goal of this study is to analyze the consequences of the El Niño 1997-1998 on the Humboldt Current System off the northern coast of Chile at the epipelagic level, focusing mainly on the changes that occurred in the spatial distribution and aggregation patterns of the anchoveta eggs and larvae due to variations in thermal anomalies. Consequently we hypothesized that the spatial distribution of early life stages of anchoveta in coastal areas of northern Chile changed as El Niño 1997-98 event developed.
Oceanographic sampling
During 1996, 1997 and 1998, the Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP) carried out six oceanographic cruises off northern Chile between Arica (18º50'S) and Antofagasta (23º65´S). All surveys covered 34 stations along five transects, divided into offshore (beyond continental shelf, > 200 m depth) and nearshore (inside continental shelf with an extension of ~15 km wide) stations: Cruise 1 (September 3-9, 1996); Cruise 2 (May 25-31, 1997), Cruise 3 (August 15-22, 1997); Cruise 4 (December 12-19, 1997); Cruise 5 (February 28-March 7, 1998) and Cruise 6 (May 25-June 3, 1998) (Fig.1). According to the recorded values of sea-surface temperature (SST) and thermal anomaly changes, the cruises were grouped into two categories: Before El Niño (Cruises 1-2-3) and During El Niño (Cruises 4-5-6). At each station, data on the temperature (°C), salinity (PSU) and dissolved oxygen content (ml L-1), were obtained from the surface to 600 m by means of a SENSORIAL CTD OCEAN model OS 200. Inter-annual variability in the monthly anomalies of SST was estimated by subtracting the average annual cycle in the period 1966-1999. Satellite NOAA images of SST were used in the analysis of the evolution of the El Niño event for the period 1995-1999. Off the northern Chilean coast (18º50'-23º65'S) monthly averages of SST were obtained and subsequently monthly anomalies were calculated using the climatologically distribution average of SST in the study area.
Figure 1. Geographic location of stations and transect off the northern coast of Chile. The continuous and discontinuous line shows the location of coastal and oceanic stations, respectively
Figura 1. Localización geográfica de las estaciones y transectos frente a las costas del norte de Chile. Las líneas continua y discontinua muestran la ubicación de las estaciones costeras y oceánicas, respectivamente
Sampling and analysis of ichthyoplankton
Zooplankton was collected through stratified vertical samplings (0-20; 20-60 and 60-100 m depth). A WP-2 net was utilized, with an opening mouth of 57 cm diameter (0.25 m2 mouth area), total length of 261 cm and 297 µm mesh size, equipped with a double opening-closing system, and a calibrated TSK flowmeter. A total of 204 samples were collected throughout the surveys, and preserved in 4% buffered formalin. In the laboratory, anchoveta eggs and larvae were removed for counting and identification, following Orellana & Balbontín (1983). Zooplankton biomass was measured through displaced volume of wet weight. The number of individuals collected in the different sampling strata was standardized to a number per unit of volume of filtered water (densities): 1,000 m3 for fish larvae (densities) for comparisons in the vertical axis (mean depth). The integrated abundance of eggs and larvae in the water column (larvae 10 m-2) was also estimated for each sampling station.
For the analysis and display of spatial information GIS, ArcView version 3.3 (ESRI 1996) was utilized. Data were analyzed using raster or grid models (Bosque-Sendra 1992). Files that contained the physical and biological attributes collected at each station were converted into SHAPE files. Coverage of points for each cruise was generated from these files. Furthermore, continuous surface grids were generated through the interpolation method, which were subsequently analyzed using the SURFACE module from ArcView. The grids were conducted at a distance of 10 km between points using a surface interpolation technique: IDW (Jongman et al. 1995), this method assumes that each point has a local influence that decreases with distance and does not require a semi-variogram. The IDW interpolation was used to generate grids of thermal anomaly, calculated on the basis of average monthly sea-surface temperature for the different cruises.
Data processing
Kruskal-Wallis test (1952) was applied to determine differences within eggs and larvae abundance and zooplankton biomass, using the location of the stations (coastal/oceanic) and periods (Before El Niño/During El Niño) as factors. To investigate the relationship between oceanographic variables and the anchoveta larvae and egg abundance as well as zooplankton biomass, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized (Jongmann et al. 1995), over log (x+1) transformed data to homogenize variances. This technique consists of identifying `a minimum set of functional components' (oceanographic variables) to explain the distribution of dependent variables (larvae and eggs distribution). The Spearman correlation analysis (Hays 1981) was utilized to investigate changes in the relationships between biological (i.e., anchoveta eggs-larvae and zooplankton abundance) and physical variables (i.e., SST, thermal anomalies, salinity and oxygen) during different El Niño conditions. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATISTICA 7.0 software package.
Physical environmental anomalies before El Niño
The spatial distribution of sea-surface temperature (SST; Fig.2) registered during September 1996 (austral spring) showed values fluctuating between 14.0-16.7°C, with cold zones corresponding to recently upwelled waters (Fig. 2a). For May 1997 (autumn), an increase in the surface temperature was observed with values from 18.0 to 22.4°C, although some isolated centres of cold water remained nearshore (Fig. 2b). In August 1997 (winter) the SST oscillated between 17.5-20.6ºC, with a strong presence of warm waters covering an area that includes Bahía Mejillones (Fig. 2c). The salinity registered in September 1996 showed values ranging between 34.4-34.9 psu, typical for Equatorial Subsurface Waters (ESSW). A small increase in salinity 34.7-35.3 psu was observed in May 1997 associated with revenue warm water from a subtropical origin (Fig. 3). The concentration of dissolved oxygen found during September 1996, May 1997 and August 1997 showed relatively stable levels ranging between 4.0-6.9 ml L-1 (Table 1).
Figure 2. Spatial distribution of sea-surface temperature and distribution patterns of zooplankton for the different El Niño conditions
Figura 2. Distribución espacial de la temperatura superficial del mar y patrones de distribución del zooplancton para las diferentes condiciones El Niño
Figure 3. Relation between salinity and sea temperature for the different cruises, indicating the period where the study area is affected by Subtropical Surface Waters. Bars indicate values of standard deviation
Figura 3. Relación entre la salinidad y la temperatura del mar para las diferentes campañas, indicando los períodos donde el área de estudio es afectada por Aguas Superficiales Subtropical. Las barras indican los valores de desviación estándar
Table 1. Summary of the oceanographic conditions for the different cruises (n=34). SD = standard deviation
Tabla 1. Resumen de las condiciones oceanográficas en los diferentes cruceros (n=34). SD = desviación estándar
Thermal anomalies
The warm SST anomalies reported in the Equatorial Pacific1 clearly showed the El Niño events of 1982-83, 1987, 1991-1992 and 1997-98. While these events have been of different intensities, the local SST data shows an increase in anomaly values for coastal areas, mainly associated with upwelling zones (Fig. 4). According to information, the manifestation of the 1997-1998 El Niño event showed warm water anomalies in May 1997, reaching values of +1°C between August and December.
Figure 4. Distribution patterns of anchoveta eggs related to changes in thermal anomalies for the different El Niño conditions
Figura 4. Patrones de distribución de los huevos de anchoveta relacionados con cambios de las anomalías térmicas para las diferentes condiciones El Niño
Distribution and abundance of zooplankton biomass
Periods were characterized by differences in the distribution and abundance of zooplankton. In September 1996 the highest biomass concentrations were located at nearshore stations associated with cold waters. In May 1997 - August 1997, a clear decrease in zooplankton values associated with the presence of warm waters of subtropical origin were observed (Fig. 2).
An important signal regarding anchoveta egg abundance (29,539 eggs per 10 m2) for the nearshore stations off Arica was detected in September 1996 (Fig. 4). The distribution and abundance of anchoveta larvae in September 1996 was relatively homogenous in most stations. However, two centres of higher larval abundance were found in the stations nearshore to Arica and Rio Loa (19,916 and 14,958 ind. per 10 m2, respectively). In May 1997, all the stations registered a low abundance of anchoveta eggs and larvae, particularly for nearshore areas (Figs. 4 and 5). The August 1997 cruise showed a general low abundance of anchoveta eggs and larvae. However, two zones which showed a large abundance of anchoveta eggs (71,908 eggs per 10 m2) and larvae (17,614 ind. per 10 m2) were found in the nearshore stations of Antofagasta (Fig. 6). In general, the larvae show a low-abundance (> 250 per 1,000 m3) in most stations. An increase in fish larvae abundance from South to North was found in the study area, mainly associated with surface layers in those nearshore stations.
Figure 5. Distribution patterns of anchoveta larvae related to changes in thermal anomalies for the different El Niño conditions
Figura 5. Patrones de distribución de larvas de anchoveta relacionados con cambios de las anomalías térmicas para las diferentes condiciones El Niño
Figure 6. Vertical distribution of anchoveta larvae at three transects for different El Niño conditions
Figura 6. Distribución vertical de larvas de anchoveta en tres transectas para las diferentes condiciones El Niño
Physical environmental anomalies during El Niño
The SST in December 1997 (austral summer) demonstrated the arrival of El Niño to the northern coast of Chile with values of 20.2-24.1°C, with the intrusion of warm waters extending to Antofagasta (Fig. 2d). During February 1998 (summer) SST oscillated between 20.6-26.2°C, indicating that the El Niño condition was maintained in the area (Fig. 2e). The SST values for May 1998 (autumn) fluctuated between 16.5-21.9°C. Figure 2f shows the presence of sea water < 22ºC in the studied area, and a near area with cold (16-18ºC) waters. In December 1997 the salinity showed values that fluctuated between 34.8-35.8 psu typical for Subtropical Surface Waters (SSW). No significant differences were detected in the salinity values before and during El Niño (Fig. 3). During December 1997, February 1998 and May 1998, a decrease in the maximum oxygen values was also observed (Table 1).
Thermal anomalies
In December 1997 and February 1998 the study area showed high thermal anomaly values mainly in coastal stations associated with cold upwelling waters, whereas during the May 1998 cruise a decrease in the thermal anomaly values was registered, which indicates that the phenomenon began to move away (Fig. 4).
Distribution and abundance of zooplankton biomass
The zooplankton biomass showed high spatial variability during each cruise, being highly abundant (> 800 cc m-3) in the coastal stations off Arica, Iquique and Río Loa during December 1997 (Fig. 2d). A similar spatial trend was observed during February and May 1998. However, zooplankton biomass did not differ among cruises nor between El Niño conditions (Table 3).
Spatial distribution of anchoveta eggs and larvae
Except for December 1997, abundance of anchoveta eggs was low (< 15,000 eggs 10 m-2) throughout the sampled study area (Fig. 4). Two isolated clusters of anchoveta eggs were registered in nearshore zones off Arica and Antofagasta in December 1997 (Fig. 4). The abundance of anchoveta larvae was low during the December 1997 cruise. In February 1998 the highest egg density (58,937 eggs 10 m-2) was collected at the nearshore stations off Antofagasta, where low larval abundance was found. During May 1998, results showing a low abundance of anchoveta larvae was obtained (mean ± SD, 94 ± 340 ind. 10 m-2, Table 2), however restricted only to some nearshore stations off Arica, Rio Loa and Tocopilla. During this period the vertical distribution of anchoveta larvae was influenced by the increase of surface temperature, limiting aggregations near the coast above the 15°C isotherm and at mid-depths (20-100 m depth) (Fig. 6).
Table 2. Average values of zooplankton biomass and anchoveta eggs-larvae registered for the different time periods
Tabla 2. Valores promedio para la biomasa de zooplancton, huevos y larvas de anchoveta en los diferentes periodos
Table 3. Results of Kruskal-Wallis test for anchoveta eggs-larvae abundance and zooplankton biomass with El Niño conditions (before El Niño/during El Niño) and station locations (nearshore/offshore)
Tabla 3. Resultados del test Kruskal-Wallis para la abundancia de huevos y larvas de anchoveta, biomasa de zooplancton con las distintas condiciones El Niño (antes El Niño/durante El Niño) y con la ubicación de las estaciones (cerca de la costa/mar adentro)
Relationship of biological variables with the different El Niño conditions
There were significant differences in the abundance of larval anchoveta among cruises (K-W test, F(1, 201) = 26.32; P < 0.001), as well as among stations (F(1, 201) = 9.36; P < 0.05). The egg abundance showed important seasonal differences (F(1, 201)= 5.40; P < 0.05) and significant differences (F(1, 201)= 5.79; P < 0.05) in egg abundance were observed between inshore and offshore stations (Table 3).
The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) between biological variables (e.g., anchoveta eggs-larvae and zooplankton biomass) and oceanographic variables before El Niño showed that the two first components explained 70.19% of the variance. In this period two types of associations were observed: the first group was composed of biological variables associated with high levels of dissolved oxygen (4.5-6.7 ml L-1), and the second group was composed only of oceanographic variables (e.g., SST; Salinity) (Fig. 7a). During the El Niño, the two first components explained 63.91% of the variance. Moreover, similarly to the previous period, two other associations were detected: the first group the zooplankton to high values of sea-surface temperature and salinity. The second group was composed of anchoveta eggs and larvae associated with dissolved oxygen (Fig. 7b).
Figure 7. Projection of components 1 and 2 of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), for the physical and biological variables in different El Niño conditions. SST= sea-surface temperature; Zoo= zooplankton biomass
Figura 7. Proyección de los componentes 1 y 2 del Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP), para las variables físicas y biológicas, en diferentes condiciones El Niño. SST= temperatura superficial del mar; Zoo= biomasa del zooplancton
Relationship between physical and biological variables
Before El Niño conditions, anchoveta larvae showed a significant positive relationship with thermal anomalies, and a negative relationship with salinity (Table 4). Anchoveta eggs showed significant negative relationships with SST and salinity. Zooplankton showed positive and significant changes with thermal anomalies and dissolved oxygen concentrations. In general, during this period low correlation coefficients (r ~0.4-0.5) were estimated between biological and physical variables (Table 4).
Table 4. Spearman correlation coefficient between different biological variables during the El Niño conditions and sea-surface temperature (SST), thermal anomaly, salinity and dissolved oxygen. Zoo= zooplankton biomass
Tabla 4. Coeficientes de correlación R Spearman entre las diferentes variables biológicas durante las diferentes condiciones El Niño con la temperatura superficial del mar (SST), anomalías térmicas, salinidad y oxigeno disuelto. Zoo= biomasa de zooplancton
During El Niño conditions, anchoveta eggs and larvae showed significant relationships with changes in thermal anomalies and SST, with low correlation coefficients (r ~0.5; Table 4). Anchoveta larvae showed a negative and significant relationship with salinity values. It is remarkable the strong positive relationship detected between zooplankton biomass and SST and salinity; however, only with salinity did the zooplankton biomass show a high correlation coefficient (r ~ 0.7).
In this study, the abundance of anchoveta eggs and larvae showed variations in their distribution patterns during El Niño 1997-98 conditions, while the traditional spawning sites for anchoveta (Loeb & Rojas 1988) were gradually moved southward as the El Niño intensified. This disturbance is explained both by changes in the positive thermal anomalies that increased gradually (~3.5-4°C) with the arrival of El Niño conditions, as well as by high salinity, which is a typical feature of surface water bodies of subtropical origin. With the onset of the El Niño event, warm water (> 15°C) was moved southward due to a weakening of the upwelling. In the 1997-1998 period, the 15°C isotherm remained at 70 m depth and was located 50 nautical miles offshore while on the surface the physical effects to El Niño reached central-southern Chile (Arcos et al. 2001).
During the warm phase of El Niño 1997-1998, surface waters were warmer (> 20°C), the fronts weakened or disappeared (Blanco et al. 2002), and the photic layer deepened below 100 m (Gonzalez et al. 1998). Along with the changes in the water bodies associated with the coastal zone, the thermocline, oxycline and minimum oxygen layer (MOL) also deepened, causing oxygenation of the subsurface waters near the shelf and shelf break (Blanco et al. 2002). The coastal upwelling persisted during the warm phase (Carr et al. 2002) but the nutricline deepened, thus limiting the input of new nutrients to the photic area and favouring regenerated production (Carr 2003).
The measurements made during these cruises correspond to a transition summer of an El Niño event (or Pre-El Niño, January 1997) and an El Niño Winter (July 1997). The effects of El Niño 1997-1998 began to register as a positive thermal anomaly since March 1997, however, January 1997 can be considered as a transition between La Niña and El Niño conditions, which was marked by very clear days and a relaxation of the upwelling favourable winds (Rutllant 19932). As a result, an anomalous decrease in the frequency and magnitude of upwelling events at the study area also occurred. Based on satellite images of sea surface temperature (IGOSS, NOAA image), it was found that during December 1997 the positive thermal anomaly was approximately 3-4°C (González et al. 1998).
An immediate consequence to the organisms that face a physical environment with the oceanographic features mentioned above, involves acquiring the ability to continually adjust to the components of low-frequency variation, or to face the risk of being unable to adapt to local conditions (Bakun 2001). We have observed that in response to the arrival of warm waters during the active phase of the El Niño event, anchoveta larvae gradually deepen its vertical distribution at the same time that the thermocline was deepened below 50 m, in response to the entrance of Kelvin waves in nearshore areas (Escribano et al. 2004). However, it is known that the Humboldt Current System presents an extensive minimum oxygen layer near the surface (< 100 m depth; Morales et al. 1996) with low concentration values (approx. 1.0 ml O2 L-1) in its higher limit, associated to the intrusion of water masses of equatorial subsurface origin, as well as to cold waters from coastal upwelling. Thus, the depth attained by the anchoveta larvae through vertical migration could not exceed the upper limit of the minimum oxygen layer.
From an evolutionary perspective, the anchoveta has adapted to the coastal upwelling ecosystems of northern Chile, taking advantage of high levels of chlorophyll as well as favourable oceanographic and topographic characteristics present at some sites during the active upwelling phase to spawn in a highly favourable habitat providing food, protection and growth for the larvae and post-larvae of pelagic species (Rojas 2003). However, a period of environmental stress caused by the El Niño event has an immediate effect on the anchoveta population which are moving their usual spawning sites southwardly (Espino 1999). The immediate impact on the anchoveta populations is highlighted through the differences in the distribution patterns observed for its early life stages over the different campaigns. Alterations in the aggregation patterns caused by strong environmental changes adversely affect the ecological relationships, among others: the feeding behaviour, the susceptibility of the species to natural predation (e.g., predator-prey relationships), distribution of spawning areas and therefore, the future abundance of the population (Perry et al. 2002). For example, in regards to the cod from the northwest Atlantic, the changes in the aggregation patterns of its larvae had a strong impact on the population dynamics, altering the susceptibility of this species to fishing pressures (Rose & Kulka 1999).
With the arrival of warm surface water during El Niño conditions, high levels of zooplankton biomass on the northern coast of Chile have been recorded. The presence of warm water masses would produce an ecological replacement of plankton (Lluch-Belda et al. 2005) and a change in the size structure of the zooplankton, from large to a smaller size (Ulloa et al. 2001). This replacement in the phyto- and zooplankton composition could be due mostly to exotic species that differ in shape and size to the actual ones found during cold non-El Niño conditions (González et al. 2000, Hidalgo & Escribano 2001). Anchoveta larvae are able to directly feed on phytoplankton; however, this small pelagic fish might not have a diet mainly based on filtering phytoplankton, due to its ability for capturing prey (Konchina 1991, Van der Lingen 2002) which is composed mainly of dinoflagellates, microzooplankton, small copepods and crustacean larvae (Llanos et al. 1996, Llanos-Rivera et al. 2004). Thus, anchoveta are incapable of sustaining growth based exclusively on a diet composed of phytoplankton (Espinoza et al. 2000). Consequently, high mortality rates may result because of a low availability of trophic resources in some coastal areas of northern Chile, forcing the species to use energy storage (Cubillos et al. 2001) that involves changing its reproductive tactics while waiting for favourable environmental conditions (i.e., skipping spawning).
The multivariate analysis showed changes in the relationships between the physical and biological variables during different El Niño conditions. Before the El Niño event, anchoveta larvae and eggs were concentrated mainly in coastal stations with intermediate values of dissolved oxygen (~5.5 mg L-1) and a low abundance (~300 cc m-3) of zooplankton biomass. This suggests that during this period the associations among different variables would not be so strong. During the El Niño event both anchoveta larvae and eggs show a marked segregation only with oxygen values close to 5 mg L-1, not so with other hydrographic variables. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the different distribution patterns of anchoveta eggs and larvae found off the northern Chilean coast would be the result of an ongoing search of favorable environmental conditions that apparently are influenced by oxygen.
Changes in the typical reproductive seasonality (Cubillos et al. 2001) of the anchoveta probably represent variability in the distribution of eggs and larvae in relation to environmental alterations in the short, medium and long term. The thermal conditions in northern Chile during periods before and after El Niño and its relation to the anchoveta distribution patterns partially explain the displacement of anchoveta spawning areas. The effect of the progressive increase in temperature would leave a strip where the spawning is virtually non-existent, except for a few nearshore stations located in Arica and Antofagasta, it was possible to find anchoveta egg cores. Consequently, the distribution patterns of anchoveta larvae in northern Chile were altered as part of a strategy to cope with strong environmental changes. In agreement with Bertrand et al. (2004a), the anchoveta behaviour seems to be forced by bio-physical requirements as a result of adaptation to highly variable environmental conditions. We believe that events of this magnitude partially explain anchoveta population dynamics because of strong climate changes that occur at different time scales in the HCS, significantly altering the successive recruitment processes in northern Chile after a strong El Niño event.
The authors thank the crew from R/V `Abate Molina' for logistical support provided in the field during oceanographic surveys in northern Chile, as part of the pelagic fishery exploration activities in this zone. Special thanks to Esteban Emparanza for the comments and suggestions regarding the manuscript. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for the contributions given to the manuscript.
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Received 28 October 2010 and accepted 9 November 2011


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For the pharmaceutical industry, along with our process gases, we provide extensive application expertise and the necessary valves and fittings or gas supply systems. And where the demand is especially high, we also offer an on-site unit, i.e. a plant to produce gases at the location where they are needed. Messer has taken all of its process gases used as process aids or inactive ingredients and grouped them together under the name Pharmaline.
Unlike medicinal products and active substances, there are no binding GMP guidelines for process gases. For this reason, Messer leans the production of its Pharmaline gases on the latest IPEC1 guidelines and EXCiPACTTM 2 standards. Based on those requirements, we operate a Quality Management system that takes the special characteristics of the process gases into account.
Pharmaline gases:
- Pharmaline A:
Argon (Ar), e.g. for inertisation
- Pharmaline C:
Carbon dioxide (CO2), for various applications, including the production of drugs in powder form
- Pharmaline N:
Nitrogen (N2), used, for example, in packaging under inert gas atmosphere
What Pharmaline offers:
- Quality management based on ISO 9001 and leant on the EXCiPACTTM standards
- Process specifications in conformance with the specifications of the European Pharmacopoeia
- Risk-based approach
- Batch production
- Tamper-proof seals for greater product safety
- Full traceability of all product batches
- Continuous control and optimisation of both quality management and products
Feel free to contact us!
If you have any questions regarding Pharmaline or should you wish to consult with our application experts in person, please do not hesitate to contact us.
1 IPEC – International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council, The Joint Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients, 2017.
2 EXCiPACTTM - a voluntary international certification scheme, Certification Standards for Pharmaceutical Excipient Suppliers, 2017.


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Should I Exercise If I Feel Sore?
I have a daily exercise routine of about an hour and a half because I'm trying
to become more toned. If I'm sore, should I continue my routine the next day?
– Breanna*
Great question — and congratulations on getting your recommended daily amount of exercise!
It's common to feel sore after an intense workout, especially if you're trying something new. If you're sore the next day, it's probably a good idea to take it easy. Try some light exercise, like walking, while your muscles rest. Ice, anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen, massage, a warm bath, or gentle stretching may provide some relief.
When you resume your exercise routine, gradually increase the intensity of your workout. Also warm up before and cool down after activity.
If your workout involves weight training, it's best to rest your muscles for a day. If you want to keep doing strength training every day, vary your routine so you work your upper body one day and your lower body the next. That gives the muscles a chance to recover and rebuild before their next workout. It's fine to do aerobic exercise or stretching exercises daily.
If you feel pain during activity or if the pain is intense or does not improve after several days of rest, you might be dealing with an injury so be sure to contact your doctor.
Although we can't reply personally, you may see your question posted to this page in the future. If you're looking for medical advice, a diagnosis, or treatment, consult your doctor or other qualified medical professional. If this is an emergency, contact emergency services in your area.
*Names have been changed to protect user privacy.


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BRISBANE, Australia (AP) Serena Williams proved the break between seasons hasn't hurt her momentum, capturing her 47th career title with a 6-2, 6-1 victory over Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova on Saturday in the Brisbane International final.
Williams has won 35 of her past 36 matches, including titles at Wimbledon, the Olympics, the U.S. Open, the season-ending WTA championships and now the first event of 2013.
She already has won the Australian Open five times, and with the season's first major a little more than a week away, she's in good shape to add another title in Melbourne.
The Brisbane final was all over in 50 minutes with Williams dictating terms from the first break of serve in the sixth game.
``I always feel like I don't know how to play tennis when I play against you,'' Pavlyuchenkova told Williams at the trophy presentation.
The pair had traveled together on a training trip to Mauritius in the offseason but didn't really hit against each other at the time.
``But this was true what I said,'' the No. 36-ranked Pavlyuchenkova, who has won three WTA titles and more than $2.8 million in prize money, later said of her post-match assessment. ``When she's on fire, well, I feel like there is not much I can do. I mean, she's a great player and she deserves to win.''
Williams said she's been concentrating on being calm and composed, and has started to feel ``serene'' when she's in her zone on court. She's been feeling that way a lot in her comeback since a first-round loss at the French Open, her earliest exit from a Grand Slam.
``I was looking at a lot of old matches on YouTube, and I feel like right now I'm playing some of my best tennis,'' the 15-time major winner said. ``I feel like I want to do better and play better still.''
Pavlyuchenkova's post-match comment, she said, was ``a great compliment and a great honor for someone of her caliber to feel that way.''
In a tournament featuring eight of the world's top 10 female players, not one match in Brisbane featured two seeded players due to a series of injuries and upsets. Second-ranked Maria Sharapova withdrew due to an injured collarbone, and Pavlyuchenkova ousted a pair of top-10 players: 2011 Wimbledon champion Petra Kvitova in the second round and fourth-seeded Angelique Kerber in the quarterfinals.
Williams missed a chance to extend her 11-1 record against top-ranked Victoria Azarenka when the 23-year-old Belarusian withdrew a half hour before their scheduled semifinal Friday night due to an infected toe on her right foot. Azarenka was more concerned about being ready for the Australian Open.
The night off obviously didn't bother Williams, who went on a roll during a seven-game run from the middle of the first set until Pavlyuchenkova finally held serve in the fourth game of the second.
The 31-year-old Williams can regain the No. 1 ranking if she wins the Australian Open. If she does, she'll be the oldest woman to hold the top spot on the WTA tour. Chris Evert set the mark in November 1985, aged 30 years, 11 months and three days.
Williams' surge up the rankings started after the French Open, and also coincided with her starting to work with Patrick Mauratoglou's academy in Paris.
She attributes her comeback to ``spending a lot more time on the tennis court, I think, and doing a lot of things I love.''
``Everything just came together with the right timing with me wanting to do better, with me wanting to work hard, (Mauratoglou) being there and having everything to work hard, and having the same mind frame of playing matches for the way I like to play,'' Williams said. ``So I think life is about timing, and it was just good timing.''
In the men's draw, defending champion Andy Murray advanced to the final when fifth-seeded Kei Nishikori retired with an injured left knee while trailing 6-4, 2-0 in their semifinal earlier Saturday.
The Olympic and U.S. Open champion will next meet 21-year-old Grigor Dimitrov, who is starting to live up to his billing as a star-in-the-making by reaching his first ATP Tour final with a 6-3, 5-7, 7-6 (5) victory over Marcos Baghdatis.


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Need Help?
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Friday 02/21/2020, 9:00 am - 12:00 pm
Skill LevelIntermediate
Class Hours3
TeacherMarly Bird
View Marly's profile and full STITCHES West class list
Curvy Knits: Plus-size Knitting with Marly BirdHave you ever spent time and yarn money to knit a sweater that you never wear because it stretched, feels funny, or makes you look massive? Designer and plus-size lady Marly Bird feels your pain. In Curvy Knits: Plus-size Knitting you'll learn to select the perfect pattern for your shape and to make easy fit adjustments to bust, sleeves, neckline, and other trouble spots. Learn how to transform swatching from a boring chore into a valuable tool. You'll use your favorite sweater, right out of your closet, to tell you things you never knew about yourself. Get advice and help from Marly as you learn the same techniques knitwear designers use. You can get a perfect fit and finish every time!
fNote: Must have knit at least one sweater and know how to increase, decrease, and read a pattern.
SuppliesYour favorite sweater or shirt from your closet, graph paper, calculator, colored pencils, regular pencil and eraser, tape measure.
HomeworkStockinette swatch at least 6" x 6" using #2 (sport) or #3 (DK) yarn. Bring your up-to-date measurements with you.


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Salaam and Greetings of Peace:
"You have indeed in the Messenger of God a beautiful pattern of conduct for anyone whose hope is God and the Final Day." (Al-Ahzab 33:21).
Alhamdulillah! This is Rabi a-Awwal, by the Lunar calendar the month of the blessed birthday (Milad Un-Nabi) of the Prophet Muhammad (the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
According to Sunni scholars, the Prophet's birthday is observed on 12th Rabi al-Awwal, which falls this year on January 3, 2015, and 17th Rabi al-Awwal (January 8th this year) according to Shia scholars.
Since the best historical estimate is that the Prophet (saw) was born in March or April of 570 CE, he would be 1445 years old this year.
It is celebrated as a time to read the Qur'an, fast, pray, and remember the life, teachings, and example of the Prophet (saw) with good deeds.
When praising the Prophet (saw), we are warned, however, not to exaggerate in his praise. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Do not overpraise me as Christians overpraised Jesus, son of Mary. Say [when referring to me],'Servant of Allah and His messenger.'"
Servant of Allah and His messenger!
Surely that is a title that needs no embellishment. And so, may Allah bless you all, gentle readers, and guide you to the best of his noble qualities on the straight path of love, compassion, mercy, generosity, and kindness. Amin!
The Names of the Prophet (saw)
In the same way that Muhammad(un) rasul Allah(Muhammad is the Messenger of God) follows La Ilaha ill Allah, the names of the Prophet (saw) flow from those of God and are a ladder that leads to Him. The Prophet (saw) has even been honored by God by having some of the Divine Names such as Ta Ha and Nur also bestowed upon him. The chanting of the litanies of the names of the Prophet (saw) is an important practice in Sufism and on a more external level in the everyday activity of many pious Muslims.
Not only is the Prophet (saw) called Muhammad, the most praised one, but he is also Ahmad, the most praiseworthy of those who praise God. He isWahid, the unique one; Mahi, the annihilator of darkness and ignorance; and Aqib, the last of the prophets. He is Tahir, the pure and clean one;Tayyib, he who possesses beauty and fragrance; and Sayyid, prince and master of the universe. He is, of course, Rasul, messenger, but alsoRasul al-Rahmah, the messenger of mercy; and Khatim al rusul, the seal of prophets. He is Abd Allahl, the perfect servant of God, but also Habib Allah, the beloved of God; and Safi Allah, the one chosen by God. He is both Nasir, the victorious helper of men, and Mansur, the one who is made triumphant in this world.
The Prophet (saw) is Muhyi, the vivifier of the dead hearts of men, and Munji, he who delivers man from sin. He is Nur, light, as well as Siraj, the torch that illuminates the path in man's life;Misbah, the lamp that contains the light of faith, and Huda, the guide to God and paradise. He isDhu quwwah, the possessor of strength; Dhu hurmah, possessor of sacred reverence; andDhu makanah, the possessor of integrity. He is both Amin, trustworthy, and Sadiq, truthful. He is Miftah, or key to paradise, and Miftah al-rahmah, the key to God's mercy. The love of the Prophet (saw) is in fact both a sign of the love of God and the gate to that Mercy from which the very substance of the universe was created.
– From Islamic Spirituality, edited by Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Ya Haqq!
Note: For a list of Major Events in the Life of the Prophet (pbuh), click HERE.
Ya Haqq!


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MEGA Download
Additional 5 Minute Clip with a Giant Crab!
MEGA Download
Unfortunately this is just the last few rounds of the game (20 minutes worth) + a 5 minute clip but the full episode should be 40 minutes.
Memory Game
Each member of the cast sit in a row and cycle round passing a fan. Each time they get the fan or live crab, they must say a word relating to a certain theme, then pass it to the next person. They have to remember that word, plus add their own that fits the theme before passing it on. And so it goes around and around with the ordered list of words to remember getting longer and longer. Those who can't remember correctly get a surprise batsu.
Even the game hosts aren't safe though as Matsumoto finds.
--------------> Compilation Thread Link < | >Housei Tumblr <


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Dr. Robert Maki named Mount Sinai Chief of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Director, Sarcoma Cancer Program, at The Tisch Cancer Institute.
New York, NY
December 14, 2010
Robert Maki, MD, PhD, a renowned sarcoma cancer researcher, will join The Mount Sinai Medical Center as the Chief of the Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Division , and Medical Director of the Sarcoma Cancer Program in The Tisch Cancer Institute. His appointment will begin in early 2011.
"As a leader in soft-tissue and bone sarcoma research, Dr. Maki has made significant contributions to understanding and targeting this highly complex tumor type," said Steven J. Burakoff, MD, Director of The Tisch Cancer Institute at The Mount Sinai Medical Center, Lillian and Henry M. Stratton Professor of Cancer Medicine, and Professor of Hematology/Oncology and Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine. "We are pleased that he has joined Mount Sinai to further propel the Tisch Cancer Institute to the forefront of research and patient care."
Dr. Maki's expertise in novel therapies for the treatment of soft-tissue and bone sarcomas, has led him to investigate new drugs to attack molecular targets for this rare and varied group of cancers. There are more than 50 types of soft-tissue and bone sarcomas, which arise from connective tissues. Dr. Maki is collaborating extensively with other oncologists who are researching this group of diseases. He is also interested in novel clinical trial designs and in translational laboratory research to identify new targets that will inform future clinical trials.
As The Tisch Cancer Institute's Medical Director for the Sarcoma Cancer Program, Dr. Maki's responsibilities will include the expansion of the basic and translational sarcoma cancer research programs. He will work closely with his colleagues in the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and in the Department of Orthopaedics, to deliver personalized treatments to sarcoma patients and develop novel therapeutics in this population. This collaboration will offer comprehensive specialty care to adult and pediatric patients with sarcoma, and build a portfolio of translational clinical trials to improve the outcome of patients with this aggressive cancer.
Dr. Maki will also be instrumental in strengthening and expanding the breadth of the pediatric clinical program in Hematology/Oncology, focusing on soft tissue and bone sarcomas, adolescent cancer care, and transitioning pediatric cancer patients to adult care. He will also be responsible for developing basic and clinical/translational research programs aligned with institutional strengths and strategic priorities.
"As Chief of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dr. Maki will provide the strategic vision needed to deliver exceptional patient care while broadening our pediatric clinical program," said Lisa M. Satlin, MD, Chair of the Department of Pediatrics. "We look forward to having someone of his caliber lead the division."
Dr. Maki is currently an Associate Professor of Medicine at the Weill Cornell Medical College, and Co-Director of the Adult Sarcoma Program at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. After undergraduate studies at Northwestern University, he received his PhD and MD degrees from Weill-Cornell Medical College. He completed a residency in internal medicine at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, and a fellowship in medical oncology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, both in Boston, and was on staff at Dana-Farber before moving to Memorial Sloan-Kettering.
About The Mount Sinai Medical Center
The Mount Sinai Medical Center encompasses both The Mount Sinai Hospital and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Established in 1968, Mount Sinai School of Medicine is one of few medical schools embedded in a hospital in the United States. It has more than 3,400 faculty in 32 departments and 15 institutes, and ranks among the top 20 medical schools both in National Institute of Health funding and by U.S. News & World Report. The school received the 2009 Spencer Foreman Award for Outstanding Community Service from the Association of American Medical Colleges.
The Mount Sinai Hospital, founded in 1852, is a 1,171-bed tertiary- and quaternary-care teaching facility and one of the nation's oldest, largest and most-respected voluntary hospitals. U.S. News & World Report consistently ranks The Mount Sinai Hospital among the nation's best hospitals based on reputation, patient safety, and other patient-care factors. Nearly 60,000 people were treated at Mount Sinai as inpatients last year, and approximately 530,000 outpatient visits took place.
For more information, visit www.mountsinai.org. Follow us on Twitter @mountsinainyc.
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It was just one play, and it rarely crosses his mind anymore, but Logan Thomas' small contribution two years ago in Virginia Tech's trip to Miami was a perfect example of how the Hokies could do no wrong back at the time on the road in the Atlantic Coast Conference.
When Tech starting quarterback Tyrod Taylor, a Hampton High graduate, had to come out of the game for a play in the first quarter of No. 14 Tech's 31-17 win at No. 24 Miami, Thomas came in. Tech was facing third-and-16 and was already trailing 7-0 — not exactly the ideal place for a redshirt freshman backup quarterback.
Thomas responded by completing a perfect 24-yard pass to wide receiver Danny Coale, moving Tech to Miami's 35-yard line. Thomas didn't play the rest of the afternoon, but Tech scored a touchdown on that drive in what ended up being the Hokies' sixth consecutive ACC road win.
"I guess that was just my first time ever really throwing a ball that mattered," said Thomas, who leads Tech back to Miami (4-4 overall, 3-2 ACC) on Thursday night. "Obviously, it's something I'll remember for the rest of my life. … It seems like a while ago."
Tech's consecutive road wins streak in the ACC eventually would reach 10 games through the end of last season, but it's a run of success that's as much ancient history as the successful third-down completion in Miami is to Thomas.
Tech (4-4, 2-2) comes into Thursday's game at Miami with both unranked teams looking to gain the upper-hand in the ACC's Coastal Division race with a win. In order to gain that position of power in the division, Tech will have to undo its recent stretch of misfortune away from Lane Stadium.
Since last December, when Tech lost to Clemson in the ACC championship game in Charlotte, Tech has failed to win a game outside of Blacksburg. The losing streak has reached six games (including two ACC games), which equals the most consecutive losses Tech has had away from home since the 1990 and '91 seasons.
"It's just been kind of unusual," said Tech coach Frank Beamer, who mentioned his team losing a late lead in Landover, Md., against Cincinnati, having Pittsburgh exploit the loss of cornerback Kyle Fuller to a shoulder injury and run the ball with success and North Carolina logging the first kickoff return for a touchdown surrendered by Tech since '93 as unexpected circumstances away from home for his team.
"Some of it's youth, some of it is we should be better. … I'm hopeful we'll be a better football team here Thursday than we've been at any point in the season. I think it's going to take that to win at Miami. … We've done some uncharacteristic things that doesn't normally happen to a Virginia Tech football team."
A trip to Miami appears to have all the ingredients to be the perfect salve for what's ailing Tech away from Blacksburg. Miami has lost three consecutive games for the first time since the end of the 2008 season, and has lost its last two home games to UNC and Florida State.
Miami is also 119th in the nation out of 120 Football Bowl Subdivision programs in rushing defense (249.3 yards per game), and 116th in total defense (499.1 yards per game). On the offensive side, quarterback Stephen Morris is averaging 277 yards passing per game, but he's thrown just 10 touchdowns and seven interceptions.
Those defensive numbers bode well for a Tech offense that's trying to iron out its running back rotation — more carries for J.C. Coleman and Tony Gregory on the horizon — and may have a shake-up at receiver, where Corey Fuller and Demitri Knowles are pushing starters Marcus Davis and Dyrell Roberts, a Smithfield High graduate.
Home-field advantage is almost non-existent these days for Miami. Despite drawing 73,328 fans Oct. 20 to Sun Life Stadium for its loss to rival FSU, Miami averaged 52,557 fans for its first four home games this season – 22,359 fans below capacity.
"I guess because 'the U' is the way 'the U' is now, and not how it was in the old days, (the stadium) is not as full as it has been and used to be," said Thomas, who doesn't expect to have any communication issues. "(The stadium) still has some sound to it, but it's not what would you expect a team that has a legacy like Miami to have."
Thursday's game
WHEN: 7:30 p.m.
WHERE: Sun Life Stadium, Miami Gardens, Fla.
THE BUZZ: On his radio show Monday night, Tech coach Frank Beamer made a far-fetched comparison when talking about his own team being 4-4, as he mentioned the New York Giants were 6-6 through 12 games last season before going on to win the Super Bowl. While there are no playoffs in college football for Beamer's program to make up for a sub-par start, he's tried to sell his players on the concept that all their goals — other than winning a national championship — are still within reach. Getting a road win against underachieving Miami will be a requirement for Tech if it hopes to have a shot at reaching its sixth ACC title game in eight years.
PREDICTION: Tech 28-27.


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Test This – Tips To Super Charge Your Kid
Tomorrow is a big day for kids in the 4th, 5th and 8th grade as the Writing TAKS test are being issued.
We have found up some sure fired tips that will help you prime your child -- after the jump.
1- Go well fed. Eat a light and nutritious meal before the test - stay away from junk foods.
2- Reinforce to your child to NOT worry about other students finishing the test before you do. Take the time that they need to do their best.
3- Be encouraging and supportive. Even if you have some concern about how well he/she will fare on the tests, stick to the positive. The best result will come from your child thinking they are going to do well on the TAKS.
4- Get plenty of sleep - Ensure that your child goes to bed early in order to make sure they feel well rested.
5- Relax - Encourage them focus during the test but not sit all tensed up. Take their time and double check their answers.


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|Image from theinsideouteffect.com
Today we discussed some readings we did on the Pygmalion Effect. This is the notion that preconceived expectations for others impact performance or an outcome, so it's the self-fulfilling prophecy. What's interesting is these preconceived expectations have the same effect whether they are self-generated or imposed by an outside source (though, naturalistic expectations are stronger). So, for example, foremen in a warehouse were told certain employees did good or bad on an exam for the job (regardless of how good or bad they actually did), and the foremen rated those employees who they believed to be smarter as better and more efficient. Another study experimented on mice (I am not a fan of this, but...) where mice were either lesioned through lobotomy or made to look like they were so mice handlers could not tell the difference. Handlers were told mice were either bright or dull regardless of lobotomy. Unsurprising is that lesion-free mice with handlers led to believe they were bright performed the best. What was surprising was that lesion-free mice with handlers led to believe they were dull performed just as poorly as lesioned mice who were determined to be dull.
We are looking at this research more directly related to classrooms and formal education next week, but there are huge implications. Visual cues in all of this are one of the most important factors. There is a study in psychology of "thin-slicing" (person perception based on superficial aspects in a short period of time.. so, first impressions, essentially) for student perceptions of teachers, where students watched 30 second clips of teachers teaching with no sound and were to rate their effectiveness as a teacher based on that video clip alone. The study found that the students watching the clips had nearly the same ratings of teachers as the students who actually completed the class and filled out TCEs.
Ambady, N., & Rosenthal, R. (1993). Half a minute: Predicting teacher evaluations from thin slices of nonverbal behavior and physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,64(3), 431-441.Another (and very recent) study by Chia Jung Tsay did something similar where people would receive short clips with no sound of musicians competing in formal events, and they would need to predict who won based on the videos alone, hearing no sound. Accuracy in guessing was astounding, where visual impressions clearly had a greater impact than actual talent. When participants tried to base their ranking guesses on audio alone, they were not able to distinguish who won. Tsay points out that this "suggests that the visual trumps the audio, even in a setting where audio information should matter much more."
In looking at perception-of-self and perception of librarians by patrons, students, faculty, etc., this is important to think about (and something we are examining in the Librarian Wardrobe book). How we are perceived by others might influence how they evaluate us, and how we perceive others might influence how we evaluate them. If visual cues are especially important, then understanding how we present ourselves, whether in gesturing, other physical movements, or clothing, then studying how we dress and public perceptions would be quite significant.


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A little about what we do.
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After having such a great experience with my color I decided to go for a cut too. Jaimy referred me over to Joseph Stevens who took my style up a notch as well. Another Top Quality asset to this sexy salon in Chicago… GREAT FIND for someone looking for modern, sheik style.- Laura D.


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A fun activity I like to do with my students is to have them create Top 10 Lists for their year. This week, I'm going to have my students create a Top 10 List of Things They've Learned in the class. First, I'll have them create the list individually and then I'll ask them to work in groups of 3-4 and decide the 10 biggest ideas or concepts they've learned as a class. It's a wonderful way to get students thinking about what may be on their final exam, as the exam relates to the BIG IDEAS. As a teacher it's also an excellent way for me to check that what I've taught them comes through on their lists... hopefully, our lists aren't too far apart!
I've created a FUN FREEBIE with worksheets for you to work through your own Top 10 Lists with your students. I've included the following worksheets:
- Top 10 Things I've Learned
- Top 10 Pieces of Advice (for next year's students)
- Top 10 School Moments
- Top 10 Life Moments
- A paragraph worksheet for students to explain their top three picks from one of their lists.
- Worksheets come in full & half size!
Click the image to download a FREE copy!
Hope you have fun with these!
Check out more ideas for the End of the Year over at


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In this Northern California city where people can buy prayer flags at the dollar store, fresh-baked Afghan bread at corner markets and feast on beef kabobs in "little Kabul's" many restaurants, Afghan-Americans are angry.
Fremont, about 40 miles southeast of San Francisco, is a bedroom city of 220,000 people with a thriving waterpark, leafy streets and a public lake. It is also home to the largest population of Afghan-Americans in the country.
With news that Omar Mateen killed 49 people at an Orlando, Florida, gay nightclub and was born to Afghan immigrant parents, those in the community are expressing horror, sorrow and disbelief that one of their own could commit the worst mass shooting in modern U.S. history.
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
"Every single Afghan feels really horrible because so many innocent people were killed by a mad guy," said Waheed Momand, president of the Afghan Coalition, the largest nonprofit advocating for Afghan people in the U.S.
It was a tragedy that brought Momand back 15 years, when the community realized the Sept. 11 terror attacks were orchestrated by al-Qaida in Afghanistan.
In last weekend's shooting, Mateen's motivations were not yet clear. Despite pledging support to the Islamic State group in a 911 call during the attack, other possible explanations could be mental illness and shame about his own sexuality, a divisive subject among a Muslim community that often shuns gays.
"What motivated him doesn't matter — it's wrong and it's very close to our hearts. We feel sorry for the victims, and we feel sorry for the pain of their families and their loved ones. The fact that this guy was from Afghan origin makes it even worse for us," Momand said.
Federal authorities are investigating whether Mateen regularly went to the nightclub he attacked and had used gay dating apps.
Bilal Miskeenyar, a 29-year-old musician from Fremont, believes the shooter was motivated by hatred, saying it's anathema to Muslim and Afghan views.
"Whether it was anti-homosexual or not, my religion, my people and my culture does not believe in such things," he said. "I think it was hateful, and I think it was a very hideous crime, and I think people should not judge (Afghan people) because of one bad apple."
From the markets with handmade meat kabobs to the stores stocked with traditional Afghan candies and nuts, some Afghan-Americans in Fremont say they don't believe there will be a backlash against their community because of Mateen's actions.
"I have American customers, Mexican customers, Chinese customers, and everybody likes me," said Sardar Ghuss, a clerk at the Little Kabul Market. "I don't have any problems. We all work together."
But at the Maiwand Market, where fresh bread comes out of the oven throughout the day, Mojgan Mohammad Parwes said she felt some fear Monday.
"I was a little hesitant coming here today," said the 36-year-old mother of three who wears a hijab. "People are angry, and it's understandable."
What's more, those in her community are heartbroken, she said.
"They're very distraught," Parwes said. "Emotionally, they are not doing well."
Behind the market's counter Monday, it was business as usual for Kais Karimi, a 33-year-old clerk at his family's business. But his emotions were running high.
"I feel terrible. Human lives are being lost regardless of age, religion, sexual orientation or anything like that," Karimi said. "It's just sad that people are dying over the way that they think. Everybody has the right to live however they want and they should be left alone."
In the wake of Sunday's shooting, Afghan Coalition members are meeting this week to plan an interfaith vigil or service, like they did after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks.
Momand, the group's president, remembers its effect on the U.S. Afghan community.
"Right after I found out the attack was organized from Afghanistan by al-Qaida, honestly it was one of the darkest days," he said. "Firstly, because so many people were killed that day, and second, it was coming from Afghanistan."
But 15 years later, he thinks most people understand that Afghan-Americans are just like everyone else, and they condemn terror just like everybody else.
"(Terrorism) is not the human way, it's not the American way, it's not the Afghan way and it's not the Muslim way," Momand said.