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More than four years after the world last heard from O.J. Simpson in court, one of the nation's most famous prisoners spoke again Wednesday in a bid to win freedom from a sentence that could keep him behind bars until he dies.
Simpson took the stand to testify about his legal representation by attorney Yale Galanter in the case involving a strange hotel room confrontation with sports memorabilia dealers that led to a robbery-kidnap conviction.
Under questioning by his co-counsel, Patricia Palm, Simpson began discussing his background with Galanter.
"Yale had a good relationship with the media," Simpson said.
"I was in the media a lot. He was able to refute many of the tabloid stories," Simpson said with a laugh. "He sort of liked doing it; he told me he did."
The 65-year-old former football star and actor, now with short graying hair, receding hairline and dressed in drab prison blue scrubs, spoke clearly and confidently as he also recounted events leading up to the confrontation in a hotel room where the dealers had Simpson footballs and family photos.
He became a bit emotional as he talked about the items.
In 2008, he was near tears as he told a judge: "I didn't mean to steal anything from anybody. ... I'm sorry. I'm sorry for all of it."
There is no jury in the hearing and his fate will be determined by Clark County District Judge Linda Marie Bell.
Unlike previous days of the hearing, the courtroom was full, with Tracy Baker, daughter of Simpson sister Shirley Baker, Charles Durio, husband of Simpson's deceased sister, Carmelita, in the second row. Also on hand was Tom Scotto, a Simpson friend from Miami whose wedding brought Simpson to Las Vegas.
A marshal turned people away, sending more than 15 people to an overflow room where video was streamed live.
When he went to trial in 2008, Simpson did not testify - a decision that one of his lawyers said was pushed upon him by Galanter.
With 19 points raised to support reversal in the writ of habeas corpus, Simpson was expected to answer many questions from his lawyers and then undergo cross-examination by an attorney for the state who wants to keep him in prison.
Simpson is serving nine to 33 years in prison for his conviction on armed robbery, kidnapping and other charges. Simpson has said, and was likely to repeat, that he never saw any guns.
Earlier, attorney Gabriel Grasso was Simpson's star witness, the Las Vegas lawyer who joined the case when his old friend, Galanter, called and said, "Hey, Gabe, want to be famous?"
He said he soon realized he would be doing most of the behind-the-scenes work while Galanter made the decisions.
"I could advise O.J. all day long, and he was very respectful of me," Grasso told the court. "But if I advised him of something different from what Yale said, he would do what Yale said."
It was Galanter's decision not to have Simpson testify, Grasso said.
Under questioning from H. Leon Simon, attorney for the state, Grasso acknowledged the trial judge, Jackie Glass, specifically asked Simpson if he wanted to testify and he said no.
"Mr. Galanter told him, 'This is the way it's going to be,'" Grasso said, adding he would have put him on the stand.
He said Simpson's confidence in Galanter was born of the acquittal he gained for Simpson in a road rage case in Florida five years after his 1995 acquittal on murder charges in the stabbing deaths of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ronald Goldman.
Galanter is now the focus of Simpson's motion claiming ineffective assistance of counsel and conflict of interest. He has declined to comment until he takes the stand Friday.
There are questions of money, too. Grasso accused Galanter of lining his own pockets while telling him they were "operating on a shoestring" and couldn't afford to hire expert witnesses. Simpson's business attorney, Leroy "Skip" Taft, testified by phone Tuesday that he kept getting big bills from Galanter but no explanation of what costs were eating up hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Witness after witness spoke of a proposed plea bargain that Galanter turned down on Simpson's behalf but no one was sure the defendant knew about it.
There were rumors that Galanter gave his blessings to Simpson's plan to show up at the hotel room and reclaim his memorabilia, which two dealers were trying to peddle.
Retired Clark County District Attorney David Roger, who prosecuted Simpson, was asked whether investigators determined if Galanter helped Simpson plan the hotel room confrontation.
"He said he did not advise Mr. Simpson to commit armed robbery," Roger said.
"And he said he wasn't there?" asked Simpson attorney Ozzie Fumo.
"Yes," Roger replied.
Others have testified that Galanter was in Las Vegas and had dinner with Simpson the night before.
The other prosecutor, Chris Owens, testified about discovering phone calls between the two but hiding that fact from the judge. He identified at least 10 calls in the days preceding and on Sept. 13, 2007.
Both prosecutors described an agreement with the Simpson defense that was read to the jury saying there were no calls.
"So you stipulated to events that weren't true?" Fumo asked Owens.
"It was in the form of a legal construct," Owens replied and said the judge encouraged it because she didn't want to confuse the jury with another issue.
This is Simpson's last chance under state law to prove that he was wrongly convicted. A federal court appeal is still possible.


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Stopping the social media madness
Posted by Unknown in Social Media, Social Networking, Web 2.0 on Friday, 26 March 2010
The Web worker daily has published an interesting post called "6 ways to stop the social media madness" in it the author suggests 6 ways in which you can limit the amount of information received from social media sites.
There are some very sensible suggestions here, although not all of them are new. These are the ones that caught my attention:
- Pare down - We're all guilty of trying to do too much with too little time and of trying to use as many sites as possible. Do you really need to though? If you have a set of "trusted" social media sites, only use these and use them regularly.
- Designate time for social media. If you're checking Facebook, Twitter and emails on a regular basis you've become a slave to your impulses. Set aside some time to dedicate to social media and only use this time. Your experiences will be much more valuable then.
- Step away - As the author suggests if you find yourself consumed by social media, it's probably time to take a break.
- Do the "cold turkey" this might be hard to contemplate for some people but if you feel like you're spending too much time on social media sites - STOP - that's right stop, turn off your laptop, your blackberry, your iPhone and simply enjoy some time away!
This entry was posted on Friday, 26 March 2010 at 12:00 and is filed under Social Media, Social Networking, Web 2.0. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. You can leave a response.


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House GOP leader: think smaller
In the speech that's since been mined for out-of-context attack ads, President Obama reminded supporters about the American tradition of aiming high. "That's how we created the middle class," he said. "That's how we built the Golden Gate Bridge or the Hoover Dam. That's how we invented the Internet. That's how we sent a man to the moon."
I was reminded of Obama's comments when I saw this item from Robert Schlesinger about a House Republican leader who wants the nation to think much smaller.
Don't hold your breath on Congress passing a comprehensive immigration bill any time soon – Congress just isn't capable right now of tackling anything of that scope, according to House Majority Whip Kevin McCarthy.
McCarthy, a lawmaker from California, was speaking to reporters at the regular press breakfast sponsored by the Christian Science Monitor. Asked about the chances of Congress passing an immigration bill, he immediately said that anything passed would require bipartisan support and allowed that the issue "is a big challenge for both parties and a big challenge for the nation as a whole."
But then he took a rhetorical step back. "If you take that issue away and you look at Congress as a whole, I'm not sure that Congress regardless of the issue can take big massive bills because I don't believe … the American people like big massive bills," he said.
I won't claim to know "the American people like" when it comes to legislative ambition – though there's ample evidence voters like the idea of a comprehensive immigration reform bill – but what's unsatisfying about McCarthy's perspective is its restraint. Policymakers shouldn't even try to tackle major problems, he says, "regardless of the issue," because Congress just isn't up to the task.
Schlesinger added lawmakers fail to address issues like immigration, not because of "voter antipathy toward big solutions," but because of "partisan recalcitrance." He went to scold McCarthy for a " 'we can't do big things' attitude."
It's an important point. The passive vision McCarthy espouses – legislative baby steps, nibbling around the edges of major national challenges – is underwhelming because our traditions point in the opposite direction.
I know I mention this regularly, but Rachel's "Lean Forward" promo in front of the Hoover Dam continues to ring true.
"When you are this close to Hoover Dam, it makes you realize how small a human is in relation to this as a human project. You can't be the guy who builds this. You can't be the town who builds this. You can't even be the state who builds this. You have to be the country that builds something like this. This is a national project. This is a project of national significance. We've got those projects on the menu right now. And we've got to figure out whether or not we are still a country that can think this big."
It's against this backdrop that the House Majority Whip appears eager to answer the question: we're no longer a country that can think big.


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The guide to financials provides basic information on how to read financial statements in a company's annual report. It discusses key numbers in each of the statements common to all annual reports and offers suggestions from experienced investors on making sense of these numbers.
Like any new and complex subject, the language of financial statements may at first seem mysterious, even intimidating. This guide can help you begin to gain basic financial vocabulary and to understand the subject. Topics cover only the fundamentals of accounting and financial reporting and the guide and its glossary explains the terms and ideas you will need to understand these topics.
- Overview
- Statement of financial position
- Analyzing the statements
- Statement of earnings
- Statement of cash flows
- Other offers
The guide to financials provides basic information on how to read financial statements in a company's annual report. It discusses key numbers in each of the statements common to all annual reports and offers suggestions from experienced investors on making sense of these numbers.
Like any new and complex subject, the language of financial statements may at first seen mysterious, even intimidating. This guide can help you begin to gain basic financial vocabulary and to understand the subject. Topics cover only the fundamentals of accounting and financial reporting and the guide and its glossary explains the terms and ideas you will need to understand these topics
Statement basics : Overview
What's in them?
Annual reports include at least three financial statements:
Statement of earnings: Summarizes results of the company's business operations (revenue and expenses)
Statement of financial position: Lists the company's assets and the claims against them (liabilities and stockholders' equity)
Statement of cash flows: Measures the flow of cash into and out of the company
The statements contain the financial information for a publicly held company. If a company is composed of many subsidiaries, divisions, and other companies, it presents the financial information of all its holdings as one
"consolidated" company. IBM, for example, publishes a
"consolidated statement of cash flows" and other
"consolidated" financial statements, representing all the parts of its large organization.
To learn more about other components of an annual report, visit guide to Annual Reports.
Who prepares the financial statements?
The people who prepare the statements may differ from company to company. Usually, the accounting staff prepares them, but others, such as investor relations staff , review the statements and related notes.
Regardless of who the preparers are, federal securities laws require publicly-owned companies to follow a set of rules and financial reporting guidelines. Associations - such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) , a private organization of accounting professionals, and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) , a U.S. government agency - develop the rules and guidelines. These generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) help ensure that the financial information reported is reliable and consistent in form with the reports all other companies prepare. GAAP also helps safeguard against investor fraud.
Although all companies follow common standards and requirements, they report on their financial performance in varied ways. Many decisions - from the statements' names to the accounts within them and the ways management calculates the numbers - are left to companies' discretion.
What is the auditors' report?
The auditors' report is a summary of the results of an audit, or examination of the financial statements by an independent firm of certified public accountants. The audit is an attempt to determine whether a company's financial statements report the company's financial status accurately and reliably. During an audit, for example, the auditors investigate a company's internal accounting controls, confirm the existence of many assets, and gather supporting information from external sources. The auditors make sure the financial statements are complete, reasonable, and prepared consistent with GAAP at a set time. If the auditors consider the statements are fair events of the company's financial position in relation to GAAP, they issue an
"unqualified" opinion.
The Notes
The notes are required reading to understand the financial statements. Companies use notes to explain how they arrived at the numbers in the financial statements and to describe any significant events or changes in procedures that may affect the numbers. Notes also explain items in the statements and report details of the company's financial performance not shown in the statements.
A note might explain, for example, that a company's accounting methods have changed from the previous year or differ significantly from methods other companies in the same industry use (assuming they follow GAAP ). Analysts might examine why the company changed accounting methods, probing, for example, to learn whether the change distorts the company's financial results.
Another note might disclose an acquisition that may have a material effect on the company's financial condition, both short and long term. For example, with its acquisition of Lotus in 1995, IBM incurred costs and assumed liabilities associated with this significant event.
Finally, a note might provide additional detail on an item in a financial statement. For example, a note on
"Investments and sundry assets" on the statement of financial position lists the assets IBM includes in this category (one listing is the intangible asset called goodwill).
Statement basics: Statement of financial position
The statement of financial position reports a company's financial status at a set date noted on the statement. The statement is like a snapshot because it shows what the company is worth at that set date. The statement shows:
- What the company owns
- What the company owes
- What belongs to the owners
Analysts often call the statement of financial position a balance sheet because of the way one part - assets - is in balance with the sum of the other two parts - liabilities and stockholders' equity.
In an annual report, the statement of financial position includes information for at least the last two years to allow comparison of changes between years.
Key numbers
The statement of financial position shows three main categories of information for each year covered. To interpret this information, analysts look at three key numbers related to these categories:
Assets (what the company owns)
Liabilities (what the company owes)
Stockholders' equity (what belongs to the owners)
Companies own things, called assets. These things might be physical assets such as buildings, trucks, inventories of products, equipment, and cash. Or things might be intangible assets such as goodwill, trademarks, and patents.
Assets are either current or noncurrent. Current assets are things a company expects to convert to cash within one year. Examples are accounts receivable or inventories of products to sell. Finally, current assets include cash and securities such as treasury bills and certificates of deposit the company expects to convert to cash within the year.
Non-current assets are things a company does not intend to convert to cash or that would take longer than a year to convert. Non-current assets include fixed assets, often listed as
"property, plant, and equipment" because that is what they usually are. Companies use fixed assets to manufacture, display, store, and transport products.
The amounts of fixed assets vary by company and industry. For example, manufacturing companies generally have a large investment in fixed assets because making things requires property, plant, and equipment. Service companies usually have fewer fixed assets.
On the statement of financial position, debts are called liabilities. All companies have liabilities. Examples of liabilities include:
- Money owed to banks and other lenders
- Money owed to suppliers of goods and services (accounts payable)
- Taxes owed to government authorities
- Rents owed to owners of land and buildings
Liabilities are either current (short term) or long term. Current liabilities are due within one year. Long term liabilities are due after one year.
Although liabilities are a necessary part of doing business, companies must manage their liabilities carefully. If a company cannot make interest payments on time and repay the principal when due, the company can be forced to declare bankruptcy and either reorganize or disband.
Stockholders' equity
Stockholders' equity is the amount owners invested in new stock plus the earnings the company retained since it started (retained earnings is the amount of profit kept after dividends are paid). On the statement of financial position the amount of stockholders' equity always equals the value of all the assets minus all the liabilities. For example, if a company's assets are valued at $10,000 and liabilities total $6,000, the equity is $4,000.
Statement basics: Analyzing the statements
When financial analysts evaluate a company for possible investment, they look both at the information in the financial statements and at other information that puts these numbers into a larger context.
Analysts can make more reliable investment decisions by taking the basic information in the financial statements and extending it to identify:
- A company's internal strengths and weaknesses
- Company and industry trends
- Performance in the larger business environment
Brokerage firms offer the results of their analysts' research to individual investors as part of their service. Additionally, many professional analysts sell their evaluations and recommendations. Examples of sources of financial analysis are Moody's, Standard and Poor's, and Value Line.
Interpreting the numbers
Analysts usually begin evaluating a company by studying its financial statements. These sources present recent financial history in a concise format, making it easy to see short term changes in key numbers. Financial statements are also fairly standard within an industry, making it easy to compare the performance of a company to that of its competitors.
Analysts interpret the numbers on each financial statement using a variety of ratios and other comparative measures. Analysis covers:
Statement of financial position
Analysis: Statement of earnings
Analysts use the statement of earnings to examine a company's profitability. For example, analysts look at trends in revenue, operating income, and gross profit rates (or margins). Other measures include calculation of return on assets and return on equity. To view IBM's performance over recent years, see the historical charts.
Analysis: Statement of financial position
Analysts use the statement of financial position to examine a company's liquidity and to gain insight into the state of the company's debt and inventory. One measure analysts use is the current ratio, a comparison of current assets with current liabilities. Analysts also look at the relationship of this statement with the statement of earnings. For example, they may explore the relationships of accounts receivable with sales, and of inventory with the costs of sales. Collection of accounts receivable is a task financial analysts also watch closely. If customers take long to pay for goods and services, accounts receivable may become large, forcing the company to borrow money (and pay interest) to finance these receivables. The longer it takes to collect accounts receivable the less valuable they are.
Analysis: Statement of cash flows
Analysts use the statement of cash flows to determine how effectively a company generates and manages cash. Analysts look most closely at the cash from operating activities in evaluating a company's potential for long-term success because this figure shows how efficiently the company can produce and sell its primary product or service.
Analysts also evaluate cash flows in relation to earnings figures (from the statement of earnings). For example, in some cases, a company can report positive earnings on the statement of earnings and still report a negative net cash flow on the statement of cash flows. This situation may occur when a company is unable to meet the current demand for its products and consequently invests its profits, or even borrows additional money, to expand its manufacturing capability (for example, by purchasing equipment or new facilities). When such a situation occurs, analysts look for the implications. They try to determine if the prospective demand for the company's product is great enough to justify the expenditures and new debt.
Statement basics: Statement of earnings
The statement of earnings indicates how much revenue a company brings into the business by providing goods or services, or both, to its customers for a set time (usually one year). It also shows the costs and expenses associated with earning that revenue during that time.
In an annual report, the statement of earnings shows sales revenue and expenses for at least the last three years. The net earnings (or loss), often literally the
"bottom line" on the statement, shows how much the company earned (or lost).
Key numbers
The statement of earnings shows two main categories of information for each year covered:
- Revenue from products and services sold
- Expenses, or costs, of doing business
To interpret this information, analysts look at several key numbers:
Operating income (operating profit)
Net earnings (net income, net profit)
Companies earn revenue in one or more of the following ways:
- By selling products or services, or both
- By leasing and renting equipment or property to others
- By receiving interest from loans to other companies or individuals
Some companies have only one source of revenue; others have several. For example, IBM reports revenue from its products, such as computer hardware and software. It also reports revenue from its services, which include maintenance, rentals, and financing.
Gross profit
A rule of business is,
"it takes money to make money". Typically, producing goods for sale is the greatest cost of generating revenue. For example, a computer manufacturing company must buy wiring and other raw materials to make computers; pay wages to workers and managers; and spend money on overhead - power, facilities, and maintenance.
A company deducts these costs (cost of sales, cost of goods sold) from revenue, showing gross profit (or loss).
Operating income
In addition to the expenses directly related to producing goods and services, companies incur operating expenses. These include advertising, salaries, rent, research and development, office supplies, and any other administrative amounts spent. A company deducts these operating expenses from gross profit, resulting in operating income (or loss).
Operating income represents a company's revenue minus all expenses required to obtain that revenue. From this key number, companies deduct costs relating to debt financing and tax expenses. The remainder is called net earnings .
Net earnings
Net earnings are the
"bottom line" (often literally the last line on the statement). After a company deducts all costs and expenses from revenue , the statement of earnings shows the net earnings (or loss). When revenue exceeds costs and expenses, the bottom line shows a profit. When costs and expenses exceed revenue, the bottom line shows a loss.
Growth in net earnings usually signals that a company is doing well.
Earnings per share
Earnings per share (EPS) shows how much money stockholders would receive for each share of stock if the company distributed all net earnings to its stockholders. For example, if the net earnings are $1 million and 500,000 shares are outstanding, the earnings per share are $2 ($1 million ÷ 500,000 shares = $2).
Although all net earnings really belong to the stockholders, a company almost never distributes the full amount to them directly. A company needs money to grow, so it takes part of the net earnings and reinvests that money in itself. The total amount of a company's net earnings since its inception, minus any payments made to stockholders, is called retained earnings.
Although the term may suggest a large pool of cash, that image is misleading. Retained earnings is actually part of stockholders' equity and represents the portion of a company's assets that is financed from profitable operations rather than from selling stock to investors or borrowing from external sources. If the company reinvests those earnings profitably, the stockholders benefit from that reinvestment over the long term.
A second way stockholders benefit from retained earnings is through dividends. A company's board of directors, with the advice of management, decides on the amount of dividends per share to pay. Companies usually pay dividends quarterly; however, many companies do not pay dividends at all, and a few pay dividends irregularly.
Using the information
Now that you have reviewed a brief introduction to the statement of earnings, you can learn about ways to interpret this information.
To see how analysts use this statement and related information, read analyzing the statements.
To get tips from three experienced investors on using this statement, visit the investors' tips section to review tips from a business school dean, a business executive, and a high school economics teacher.
Statement basics: Statement of cash flows
The statement of cash flows reports the flow of cash into and out of a company in a given year.
Cash is a company's lifeblood. Cash includes currency, checks on hand, and deposits in banks. Cash equivalents are short term, temporary investments - such as treasury bills, certificates of deposit, or commercial paper - that can be quickly and easily converted to cash.
A company uses cash to pay bills, repay loans, and make investments, allowing it to provide goods and services to customers. If all goes well, a company uses cash to generate even more cash as a result of higher profits.
Key numbers
The statement of cash flows reports the company's sources and uses of cash and the beginning and ending values for cash and cash equivalents each year. It also includes (near the bottom of the statement) the combined total change in cash and cash equivalents from all sources and uses of cash.
Key numbers in this statement show results of transactions in three categories that are sources and uses of cash:
Net cash provided (or used) by operating activities
Net cash provided (or used) by investing activities
Net cash provided (or used) by finance activities
Net cash provided (or used) by operating activities
A company generates cash just from operating its business. Therefore, the first key number is net cash provided from operating activities. This total includes some items from the statement of earnings; for example:
- Net earnings, showing the company's profit (or loss)
- Depreciation expense
This key number also includes changes in some items from the statement of financial position:
- Inventory changes (increases in inventories use cash and reductions provide cash)
- Changes in accounts receivable, the sales the company has not yet been paid for (again, increases use cash and decreases provide cash)
- Changes in accounts payable, the cash a company owes its vendors and suppliers (in this area, increases provide cash and decreases use cash)
The statement of cash flows adds the net cash from each type of operating activity and reports the company's total net cash provided (or used) by all operating activities.
Net cash provided (or used) by investing activities
The second key number might include investments in property (land), plant (factories and assembly plants), and equipment (machines, trucks, computer systems, telephone systems). Investing in such assets is a use of cash, selling them is a source of cash.
Examples of investing activities are overhauling trucks to extend their years of use or renovating factories and assembly plants to be more productive.
The statement of cash flows adds the net cash from each type of investing activity and reports the company's total net cash provided (or used) by all investing activities.
Net cash provided (or used) by financing activities
The third key number includes the sources and uses of cash for financing activities. Sources of cash include what a company raises by selling stocks and bonds and by borrowing from banks.
Uses of cash include buying back stock from stockholders , paying dividends to share profits with stockholders and repaying borrowed cash.
The statement of cash flows adds the net cash from each type of financing activity and reports the company's total net cash provided (or used) by all financing activities.
Statement basics: Looking at other information
Most analysts agree that the financial statements, financial ratios, and other comparative measures offer the best starting points for evaluating a company. However, they look at these items to provide only a portion of the information required to adequately evaluate a company for investment.
Analysts begin to put the key numbers into a larger context by looking at two other critical parts of the annual report itself:
The notes to the financial statements offer further explanation of the numbers on the statements. For example, for the statement of earnings, notes might describe changes in a company's investment in research and development (R & D). For the statement of financial position, notes might describe significant liabilities and contingencies.
The management discussion section provides management's perspective on the company's financial operation and performance. Reading this section in consecutive annual reports also allows analysts to gather more subjective information about a company, such as its ability to articulate and consistently pursue long term goals.
For company financial information not contained in the annual report, such as that in copies of form 10-K or form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, analysts and investors frequently contact the company's investor relations department for copies of those forms.
Finally, analysts extend the scope of their financial information comparisons beyond the two to three year figures in a single set of financial statements. Instead, they look at the same ratios and performance measures over five to ten year periods. To see changes in IBM's financial record over time, visit the historical charts.
Analysts also compare these figures with several other numbers from other sources of business and economic information. For example, they:
The guide to financials provides basic information on how to read financial statements in a company's annual report. It discusses key numbers in each of the statements common to all annual reports and offers suggestions from experienced investors on making sense of these numbers.
Like any new and complex subject, the language of financial statements may at first seen mysterious, even intimidating. This guide can help you begin to gain basic financial vocabulary and to understand the subject. Topics cover only the fundamentals of accounting and financial reporting and the guide and its glossary explains the terms and ideas you will need to understand these topics
Investors' Tips : Overview
In this section of the guide, these educators and experienced investors explain how they look at financial statements. In a few paragraphs, each suggests ways to read financial statements and critical areas to study.
Note: In this guide, financial statement names are statement of earnings, statement of financial position, and statement of cash flows. For synonyms, visit the glossary.
Dr. Al Hartgraves is senior associate dean and professor of accounting at Goizueta Business School, Emory University. He teaches corporate financial reporting to MBA students; to corporate executives in executive MBA programs; and corporate management development programs. He has co-authored two books on management accounting and published numerous articles in professional and academic journals.
Nathaniel Alexander is chief executive officer and a member of the board of directors of IVEX Corporation, a privately held corporation that designs, develops, and manufactures visual systems for flight simulation. He has started new businesses; acquired and divested companies; managed turnaround and pre-bankruptcy situations, restoring profitability; and worked with stockholders, banks, and financial institutions. He has been an investor in stocks for more than thirty years.
Carol Penland, a former
"state high school economics teacher of the year" and the founding president of her state's association of economic educators, has been teaching for more than twenty years. She currently teaches at Campbell High School in Smyrna, Georgia. She coached three winning state championship teams in the National Council of Economics Education Stock Market Game and two winning state championship teams in the Chicago Board of Trade Commodity Challenge Game.
Investors' tips: Business executive
General suggestions
Before I talk about the statements, let me explain what I do in general as an investor. When I buy shares of an established company - public at least ten years - I look at trends for five numbers. These include net sales, net earnings, net cash provided by operating activities, price-earnings ratio (P/E ratio), and backlog, preferably over the last four years. The first three items are easily found in the financial statements; the P/E ratio and backlog figures may require additional research.
When it comes to young companies, particularly technology, I speak to friends who understand the technology or market. I also read reports from brokers who make a market, or specialize, in trading that stock. Novice investors can contact a reputable broker whose research department will happily mail out research on stocks the firm follows or helped bring public.
Comments on statement of earnings
The first number I look at is net sales and ask: Was there an increase over the last four years at a pace substantially above the inflation rate? If the answer is yes, that is a good sign. The U.S. government periodically reports inflation rates, and you can find this information in the papers and on radio and TV. (Check also the Internet links to the U.S. Department of Commerce and to the Bureau of Labor Statistics in Resources). Remember, this rate varies from year to year. If you are an international investor, remember it varies from country to country.
A second number I look at is net earnings and ask: Did net earnings increase over the same period, at least at the same percentage rate as net sales? If the answer is yes, that is another good sign. If net earnings are lower in one year than in previous years, I try to determine why. Sometimes there are valid reasons for a slump in earnings. For example, intense competition may force cuts in prices. Or the cost of utilities may rise because of unusually severe weather. Other times, a drop in net earnings is a sign for caution.
Comments on statement of cash flows
On this statement, I focus on the number for net cash provided by operating activities. Learning whether the business generates cash is important because eventually, a business must generate cash from its core activities. This cash covers payroll, rent, utilities, and so on.
During some periods in its life, particularly growth spurts, a business may not generate sufficient cash to buy extra material for inventory and to hire more people. In these periods, the business can borrow from banks. But if the business does not ultimately generate cash, it goes bankrupt.
The line usually labeled
"cash and cash equivalents" is also important, but it includes financing and investing activities. In the end, the cash generated by operating activities is crucial because the company invests for the future using cash provided by operations.
Comments on P/E ratio and backlog
A fourth number I look at is the price-earnings ratio (P/E ratio) for a company's stock. As I mentioned before, not all financial statements contain this figure, so finding it may require additional research. This information is quoted daily in the stock tables. Sometimes, an annual report includes the P/E ratio at the end of the fiscal year. Investors should compare a company's price-earnings ratio to the ratios of its major competitors.
The price-earnings ratio can change daily as the price of the stock moves up or down, so be sure to compare ratios from different companies at the same times.
[For content of an annual report, see
"Guide to Annual Reports". For addresses of Web sites that provide information on industry ratios, see Resources.]
The last number I look at is a year-end figure and is usually called backlog (again, finding this number may require additional research). This number is the dollar value of unshipped orders available for delivery in the next year, ultimately resulting in net sales. For manufacturing companies, the backlog at the end of the year is a good indicator of what might happen in the next year.
Having a backlog means orders come in faster than a company can ship them. Customers expect and understand some delay. Too long a delay means customers get frustrated and place their orders elsewhere.
Frequently, a company will give its perspective on backlog in the management discussion section in the annual report. Also, checking the notes to the statement of financial position, for example, might reveal details on inventories to fill back orders.
Investors' tips: High school economics teacher
General suggestions
When my students are considering an investment in a company, I encourage them to start research in three places: the statement of earnings, statement of financial position, and statement of cash flows.
The statement of earnings will give them an overall picture of the company's revenue, its costs, and the resulting profit.
The statement of financial position will give them a cumulative performance of the company over time, showing assets versus liabilities and net worth.
The statement of cash flows will tell how much money came in and how much went out. It may give insight into how the company is being managed, ultimately answering the question: Is management making wise use of resources?
However, these numbers by themselves should not be used to make decisions about investing in a company. I do not put a great deal of significance on numbers alone because they can be manipulated, and oversight and enforcement may not be 100% effective at all times. You must look inside the company for answers.
Comments on statement of earnings
If a company shows a profit on the statement of earnings, I tell my students to find out why - even if it means calling and asking a company official or reviewing the company's Web site. Asking the right questions can identify the reasons for a profit. Has the company introduced a new product that boosted sales? Has the company's management changed tactics, such as increasing efficiency or entering new markets? Has the competition changed, causing the company to gain new customers? If a profit resulted because the answers to these questions are yes, it can indicate a healthy, growing company.
On the other hand, a profit on paper can sometimes result from practices that are not good for the company's long term health. For example, although cost-cutting is often desirable, it can have serious consequences. If cost-cutting brings about a greater efficiency without sacrificing quality, the company may be a sensible investment. However, if a company cuts costs by reducing product quality, it will probably lose sales in the future. If you are investing your hard-earned money, you want to feel confident a "financial wizard" has not been manipulating numbers that will mislead you.
I also tell my students that a loss on the statement of earnings does not always indicate a weak company. A company showing a loss might be investing heavily in research and development to perfect future products, which could result in greater future profits. A company could be experiencing temporary losses due to bad decisions. A stockholder must ask: Are these decisions irreversible or just temporary setbacks?
If a loss has caused a company's stock price to fall, stockholders must ask: Is this stock "on sale" (a bargain investment that will increase in value) or "down the drain" (a losing investment that will continue to decline)? The answers to these questions will not be found in the standard financial statements. These statements are simply starting points for further research.
Comments on statement of cash flows
A company is in business to make money. If the company shows a negative cash flow on the statement of cash flows, it is spending more than it makes. As a potential investor, you must ask: How long can the company survive following its current practices? Is this a "temporary" negative cash flow that's part of a bigger overall plan for a more profitable future? Or is the situation one which the company can not turn around?
Comments on statement of stockholders' equity
This statement can help give a clearer picture of what is going on inside a company. The statement should contain information on how the profits are being dispersed. If a large percentage of the profit is being declared in dividends, it could indicate the company is not planning for expansion and innovations. Such practice could result in a decrease in the value of the stock in the future. Accepting a financial page at face value could be a big mistake.
Make sure you always do your homework to understand that information in the bigger picture.
Investors' tips: Business school dean
General suggestions
With any financial statement, you should first look at the changes from year to year - both in the raw numbers and in the percentage changes in the numbers. These comparisons may indicate
"trends" and are very helpful in assessing a company.
It is hard to generalize about a good rate of change - it depends on the line item you are looking at and the rates of change in prior years. If a company's sales rose 15 percent in each of the past three years, and rose only 10 percent this year, it would not be good. However, if the past years' rates of increase had been only five percent, and this year's rate is 10 percent, it would be quite good.
Most large companies include data for three years, but I recommend looking at longer periods of time if possible.
The financial statements represent a good starting point in judging a company's financial strength, but they are only a starting point. To complete the picture, you must acquire more information about the company's products, people, technology, and other resources that may give it a competitive advantage in the marketplace. One of the best sources of supplemental information is the non-financial section of the annual report. This section, usually in front, often tells a lot about top management's views on the company's future and ability to compete.
Comments on statement of earnings
On this statement, one of the figures I look at is the total operating income and its ratio to total revenue (net sales):
total operating income
total revenue
Ideally, I would like to see operating income growing, both as an absolute number and as a percentage of total revenue. That would usually mean a company is growing its operating income and becoming more efficient over time in managing its costs and operating expenses. There is no
"ideal percentage" because the target percentage varies from industry to industry.
Comments on statement of financial position
On this statement, two things I look for are the figure for total stockholders' equity and the ratio of total liabilities to total stockholders' equity:
total liabilities
total stockholders' equity
Generally, a lower ratio of liabilities to equity means a lower risk for a company's creditors and lower costs when the company borrows money. Yet, how much debt a company carries compared with stockholders' equity varies widely according to the norms for the industry and the company's financial strategy. Just because a company has a high debt ratio is not a signal of weakness, if the ratio is in the ballpark for the industry.
With the statement of financial position, it is important to remember that most companies try to shine the spotlight on assets, not on liabilities. For instance, this statement typically provides a number for total assets and total stockholders' equity but not for total liabilities (to obtain total liabilities, subtract total stockholders' equity from total assets). An anonymous writer once said,
"The needs of man are few - to get food, find shelter, and keep debt off the balance sheet [statement of financial position]". Keep this in mind and train yourself to seek out liabilities reported indirectly as well as directly.
Be sure to check the notes too, for liabilities you might find there. Look into note titles such as
"Other Liabilities and Environment",
"Interest on Debt",
"Commitments and Contingencies",
"Pensions" and
"Post-Retirement Obligations".
Financial information is useful, but not every asset and liability can be measured in accounting terms. Statements of financial position often omit assets that are hard to measure or do not result from specific past events. For example, Coca-Cola does not report the company trademark - estimated to be worth more than $50 billion - on this statement. Also, Boeing's statement of financial position does not include the value of its vast workforce of engineers and aeronautics experts. These intangible assets can make the market value of a successful company's stock much greater than the statement reports.
Comments on statement of cash flows
On this statement, I look at the figure for cash provided, or used, by operating activities (operations). Without a doubt, this number is the most critical on this statement. These activities represent the basic business of the company. If a company consistently fails to make money at its basic business, it will have a hard time surviving. In a healthy mature company, operating activities normally result in positive cash flows.
The other ways a company receives or spends cash - investing and financing - are more difficult to interpret. For example, negative investing cash flows may indicate only that the company is growing and buying assets that enable it to manufacture more products. Financing cash flows are affected by a company's borrowing and the amount paid in dividends during the year. To interpret these numbers, you need more information on the company's strategies.
The guide to financials provides basic information on how to read financial statements in a company's annual report. It discusses key numbers in each of the statements common to all annual reports and offers suggestions from experienced investors on making sense of these numbers.
Like any new and complex subject, the language of financial statements may at first seen mysterious, even intimidating. This guide can help you begin to gain basic financial vocabulary and to understand the subject. Topics cover only the fundamentals of accounting and financial reporting and the guide and its glossary explains the terms and ideas you will need to understand these topics
Resources: Overview
This section of the guide includes a small sampling of Internet links and other resources to help you extend your investment-related education. Use them as starting points for locating other materials.
Note: The following list is provided for the convenience of users and does not imply sponsorship or approval of any items. When you access a Web site on the list, you will open a new Web browser window. To easily reopen the guide anytime, add the guide home page as a bookmark on your personal menu of favorite topics.
Resources: Internet
Note: The following list is provided for the convenience of users and does not imply sponsorship or approval of any items. When you access a Web site on the list, you will open a new Web browser window. To easily reopen the guide anytime, add the guide home page as a bookmark on your personal menu of favorite topics.
Government agencies
The number of resources, of all types, on the Internet grows daily. You may find new Internet investment resources listed in your daily paper, in popular and special interest publications, at your online service provider's Web site, and at other Web sites (many of the following Web sites contain links to related Web sites). You can also use Internet search tools to locate other Web sites containing investment information.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
The Securities and Exchange Commission is a regulatory agency that administers federal securities laws. These laws protect stockholders and ensure access to disclosure of all material information concerning publicly traded securities. The SEC also regulates brokerage firms, investment advisers, and investment companies.
The Department of Commerce promotes American businesses and trade, fosters economic growth, and helps create jobs. Two of its responsibilities that are frequently useful to investors are gathering and distributing statistical data, and measuring economic growth.
Investment and financial news
Financial news Web site focusing on business, world, technology, and sports. Links include markets, analysis, products and lifestyles. This Web site has member services and addresses the demand for investment performance through the combination of information and analyses. It delivers this information to corporations, issuers, financial intermediaries, and institutional investors.
BusinessWeek Online: Personal investing
A news, financial information, quotation, research, commentary, educational and investment planning service from Standard and Poor's Investment Advisory Services, Inc. (
"SPIAS"). This Web site helps the individual investor track current investments, research potential ones, and provide information and insights from financial experts. Enables users to personalize the Web site and arrange news and insights that are particular to that user.
Breaking news releases from leading organizations and companies worldwide.
Provides top news, a market view, market winners, market losers, features and earnings reports to help the individual investor manage financial information.
From the editors of CNN and Money magazine. This Web site offers real-time quotes, archives of articles, letters, business headlines and a market watch section.
Online version of this business and investment magazine.
Your source for global business knowledge. The News/Periodicals - International Web page links to more than 70 online versions of international business publications, including Business Beijing (China), Central European Online, the London Financial Times, Nikkei Business Publications (Japan), Le Quotidien (Canada), and the Singapore Business Times.
Provider of financial data to the individual investor via the Internet. Links include stock quotes, support, a broker zone and more. The Web site also provides
"Markets at a Glance" on the home page to allow users to see cross-market performance.
Online version.
The Wall Street Journal: Interactive Edition
Online version. To gain access to the Web site, you must take out a subscription.
Investment directories
Goizueta Business School at Emory University: Links page
Links to information on other business schools, business publications, careers on the Internet, reference Web sites, financial and economic data, companies on the Internet, and miscellaneous business topics.
The New York Times: Business Connections
Links to information on the markets, investing, companies, banking and finance, government, business news and directories, and miscellaneous topics. To gain access to the Web site, you must take out a free subscription.
Ohio State University Department of Finance: The Financial Data Finder Page
Links to business libraries and to other Web sites that provide financial data, market news, and current quotes.
The Wharton School: Finance and Investment Page
Links to data and information archives, news, economic and business publications, and other business and economic resources.
Investment education
The American Association of Individual Investors (AAII)
An independent, not-for-profit corporation to assist individuals in managing their investments. AAII offers investment information through publications, seminars, home study texts, educational videos, and local chapters.
Promotes itself as the market leader in investment club technologies.
The Motley Fool: Money Advisor
Aims to educate, amuse and enrich the individual investor. Provides strategies, ideas and information, as well as the basic knowledge to put these things in context and allow individuals to begin making investment decisions.
National Association of Investors Corporation (NAIC)
A non-profit organization of investment clubs and individual investors. NAIC offers products, services, and professional support to help inexperienced and experienced investors become more informed. NAIC also publishes the monthly magazine, Better Investing.
Web site for a library of annual reports from national and international corporations, foundations, banks, mutual funds, and public institutions. Although full use of the services requires a paid membership, the Web site does offer some free information.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics collects and analyzes labor economics and statistics information for the U.S. Department of Labor and distributes the information to the public, Congress, other federal agencies, state and local governments, business, and labor. This Web site includes a link to
"Economy at a Glance", a compilation of several economic indicators.
Index of Company overview. It offers IPO filings, quotes, latest news and search capability for corporate information, in addition to access to historical financials for over 8,000 companies. Personal subscriptions are available for individuals while special licensing is required for business purposes.
Online information for individual investors from Research:, a magazine for investment professionals. Many resources are free; others require a subscription.
Resources: Print and other
The following list provides a few examples of the many books on finance, investing, annual reports, and financial statements. You can search for additional titles using Internet resources such as Amazon.com. This online bookstore's catalog includes all of the books listed below except
"How to Read a Financial Report" from Merrill Lynch.
Budgeting & finance
Engel, Peter H. (First Books for Business Series). New York: McGraw-Hill. 1995. An illustrated introduction to business finance - cash flows, audits, balance sheets, and other key topics - that includes worksheets, checklists, case studies, and frequently asked questions.
How to profit from reading annual reports
Loth, Richard, B. Chicago: Dearborn Financial Publishing, Inc., 1993. Explains what to look for in the letter to stockholders, why the notes to financials are important, which words (and when they are used) are warning signs, and where to look for the overall financial health of a company.
How to read a financial report
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. Fifth edition. Philadelphia: Merrill Lynch. 1984. A booklet for readers who find annual reports formidable reading. Using a fictitious company, the publisher walks through a balance sheet and income statement, explaining each, line item by line item.
How to read a financial report
Tracy, John A. Fourth edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1993. Elements of financial statements and their inter-relationships explained, for users with no knowledge of accounting.
Keys to reading an annual report
Friedlob, George Thomas, Ph.D., CPA, and Welton, Ralph E., Ph.D. Second edition. New York: Barron's Educational Series. 1995. 54 keys explain laws, vocabulary, accounting procedures, financial analysis, reporting systems, and elements related to understanding and using financials and annual reports.
Understanding financial statements
Fraser, Lyn M. Fourth edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995. Features cases based on actual published financial statements, self-tests with solutions included, and study questions and problems.
Magazines, newspapers, and other periodicals
Besides the publications listed below, many popular news magazines and daily papers carry regular stories on business, finance, and investment news. Check your local news stand and public library for other sources.
Note: Many of these publications also have online versions.
- Barron's
- Business Week
- The Economist
- Forbes
- Fortune
- Kiplinger's personal finance magazine
- Money
- Worth
- The Financial Times
- Investor's Business Daily
- The New York Times
- The Nikkei Weekly
- USA Today (Money Section)
- The Wall Street Journal
This Web site provides an extensive list of current business publications. You can search the list for specific titles, for publishing locations, and for journals with Web sites.
Miscellaneous publications
To identify sources of financial information useful in analyzing financial statements, refer to:
- Industry analysts reports in the press and on radio and television
- Earnings releases in the press and on radio and television
- Subscription newsletters (for example, Value Line Investment Survey)
- Sources of industry ratios and of statistical summaries of financial statement information by industry (for example, Robert Morris Associates and Standard & Poor's Corporation)
Radio and television
Check your local radio and television listings for availability and schedules of subject-related programs.
A business news radio program produced by KUSC at the University of Southern California, distributed by Public Radio International, and carried by many public radio stations.
Nightly business report
A business news television program carried by many Public Broadcasting System stations.
Wall Street Week with Louis Rukeyser
A weekly Public Broadcasting System television program featuring Louis Rukeyser discussing the economy and financial issues with various guest experts. You can search for information about this PBS program and others at http://www.pbs.org/programs.


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2020 Bedlam Run. All Rights Reserved. Site design by Oklahoma Sports & Fitness


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- Description
The Stentor Student I Violin is the ideal instrument for intermediate Grades. Built to be both durable and reliable, this Student Violin feels comfortable and offers superb tone. For younger beginners and intermediate violinists, this 1/2 size outfit is a fantastic choice.
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Manufacturer Stentor Model Student I Violin Outfit Size 1/2 - Half Size Tailpiece Alloy Included Accessories Lightweight Case
- Reviews
Write Your Own Review


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RV Forum logo wear - click HERE
You have done a really nice job on your repairs, and it is an inspiration to folks that find they have considerable damage to their RV. Get it out there and start enjoying it! Looking at the title of this thread, I think an appropriate name for your trailer is "Sweet Lemonade" . That would peak folks curisosity and you can explain the background, and "brag" about how much work you did on it. I'm really glad things are working out for you.
Thank you, I wouldn't wish this on anyone but for whatever selfish reason it would be interesting too know how many others have suffered this same fate. There seem to be many horror stories out there of people dealing with the same circumstances . I talked to an "RV Tech " at the local dealership. He said someone bought a camper and paid $15000.00 for it from an out of town dealer and he found extensive water damage in it and the dealer refuses to do anything about it... ouch! Do I still feel bitter? yes I guess I am. I got to finsh the other edge today than on to the back to see what treasures I find there.
Don't feel bad. I could see there was some damage to my trailer, but way underestimated the damage, work, and shoddy workmanship from the mfg. It's the nature of the territory. You can either get ripped off buying a new one or take your chances buying used, and get ripped off down the road.
My son has been diagnosed with PTSD. He separated from the AF in about 2009-2010. He was living in Monterey, CA working as a civilian for the Navy. To make a long story short he came to live with us to get some issues worked out. He expressed interest in living in an RV. We looked at several but they had visible extensive water damage. We finally found a TT that looked great. It had been renovated on the inside and looked to be in great shape. I paid $2500 for it and the guy towed it to a park. After being in it for a short period my son found some extensive water damage. I didn't even entertain the idea of going back to the seller. Too much hassle and disappointment in that. Luckily my son was a carpenter and welder in the AF so he can do the work. He is doing it as he gets money so it's going slow. The good thing is he really enjoys living in it and his PTSD seems to be somewhat in check.
That came out sooooo nice, looks great!!!
The work is coming along nicely. I read your entire post and the previous one where the deal was made. You still sound bitter about the deal. You have to move on, and not let it ruin your future good times in the rv. You have to take responsibility for the sale yourself. You should have gotten it inspected. You didnt. oh well. You made a mistake. oh well. We all do. No big deal. You hopefully will look back some time in the future as you sit around a campfire, and laugh about it all. You will have a sense of pride in knowing you learned from your mistake, and completed all the hard work to make the camper right. You will be much wiser in the future and your story will hopefully help others from making the same mistake. Good luck on the completion of the camper and happy camping.
WOW. Ya hate to stand and stare at the damage, your mind gets racing with all kinds of thoughts- good and bad. Put your head down and start ripping out the old and get it done. Everyone on this site is behind you.!I wish everyone was here to help😀
Well, you were expecting it. Keep your chin up.
Don't be discouraged. Once we tore all our damaged stuff out and could see a clean slate, it was exciting to start putting it back together. It was determination at its greatest at that point. Make sure to get and wear a mold mask before you start ripping that nasty stuff out.You did a great job on the front, you can do the same here. Make sure to find where the leak started. Can't remember if you mentioned if you did?I remember the emotions we felt as we did ours. You probably had the 'gut punch' moment when you opened this up. The rest of this repair will be determination, excitement and then when you're done, it will be such a feeling of accomplishment and hopefully you will love your rv just as we do now. We like it more now than we did when we bought it. Because it's 'ours'. With all the work we put into it, we have a sense of ownership that wasn't there before.[/quoteThanks for the words of encouragement, the leaks as in the front occurred under the edge molding. I'm using Seal-tite edge tape and cant believe it will happen again. There are more challenging issues on the back than on the front and maybe way out of my ability to fix properly.
Well😞 Does anyone know what kind of adhesive is used under the rubber roof. Also would there have been luan on the outside framing as in the front?
First, as you already know, add me to the '' got taken for a ride '' list. second, your roof looks just like what I ripped off my trailer when I first repaired the roof, same stuff, I call it wafer board, some call it chip board, and a few other names out there. it really does not matter what you put down ?, luan, chip board, plywood ?. I used 3/8 plywood on my last roof repair, considering it had 5/8 wafer board on it ?..I gave it a diet !!..lol. may I suggest you plan on putting down a new rubber roof, you will need the special glue ( DO NOT USE CONTACT CEMENT ! ), this glue is made for rubber roofs only !!. most rv dealerships, or ebay sells this. just look for rv roof adhesive. the rubber roof membrane will not be cheap !!..but it's a very wise investment this far in !!. plan on buying the décor lap sealant ( self leveling ) for all your vents, fridge vent, everything cept the roof air ( if there is one ? ), plan on a new seal for it. you will need butyl tape for all your vents, tv antenna , fridge vent, sewer pipe cap. I used all stainless steel screws on everything on my roof..no more rusty square screws !!..lol. ( stainless steel screws all around my trailer ). hardest part you face ?, is getting all that old putty tape off the seam joint sealers on the top end, that stuff is a pain to scrape off..lol. if you decide to install a new rubber roof ?, you must install the rubber roof at the front under the siding, then install the seam rail. when you get to the rear on the roof, install the siding down on the new wood with a few staples across the very edge, cement the new rubber roof over the siding just a tad, about as wide as the seam rail ?, new putty tape on the seam rail , new screws, after the seam rail is down, trim off the back side of the rubber roof, leaves it simple and clean :-). as for the rear damage ?, meh..you done well on the front, I have no doubts you can rebuild the rear !. sorry for the long post ?, but I wanted to tell you how I did mine, others my have a shorter version :-).
I'm going to replace the one bad panel which is 8ft X 18 inches X 3/8. I'm just going to apply adhesive and put the rubber roof back down. If I have to replace the whole rubber roof I'm throwing in the towel I don't see why I can't do that? What I was wondering if luan was used on the outside rear wall, it was on the front. Sense I believe that this is not the first time this has been apart I figured maybe someone just didn't replace it.
I can't tell you if your camper had luan on your back wall or not ?. mine did not, and most campers I have seen never showed to have it back there ?. mostly just siding. but these were all old campers ?, maybe newer models do ?, I don't know ?. I would not install in in the back if it were mine. as long as you have studs to attach the siding ?, just do that. as for the rubber roof ?, if its in good shape ?, then re-use it. if it's chalky, pin holes every where ?, well..i can tell you right now, all your hard work your doing is going to be coming right back in no time !. that rubber roof is what keeps the water ( mostly ) out of your camper, that..and a good tight seal on all your joints, vents. your main problem your facing ?, is getting new glue to stick to that old rubber ?, I don't think it will stick very well ?, but maybe it will ?. if you do re-use it ?, make sure you seal the top vents, everything very well !. as well as the j-rails on the back corners, and you may luck out, and be dry free ?!. by looking at your end pics ^^^^, you had a ton of water damage coming in from either the roof termination bar ?, or the side j-rails ?, or..worse case, your rubber roof is bad ?.
tip: make sure you check/re-seal the awning rails on both top sides !. make sure you check the awning lag bolts !. these area's will lead to water run off to each end of your camper, and you will have water damage. you can just re-seal these with no sagging sealant ?, or, pull the awning down, and replace the putty tape under them ?, BE WARNED !!!, that awning is a two or three person job to put back on your camper !! ( been there..done that..lol ). I had a stupid awning install on my camper, and who ever installed the awning lag bolts ?, ran the lag bolts right across the drip rail !!..very dumb !..lol. needless to say, I had to drop the new awning rails I bought about 1 inch, so I could raise the awning top brackets up enough to clear the drip rail, this way, no water would run down to either end, and run straight in through the lag bolts, so far, with all this heavy rain I have had here lately..NO LEAKS SO FAR !. I also noticed on a pic ^^^ from your first post, and seen where your clearance lights were before you removed the back siding ?, and from looking at your back end now, I see a lot of water damage right where some of the lights were ?. make sure to seal your lights up good with some non-sagging sealant as well :-). too bad your so far away ?..I got caught up around here, if ya was a lot closer, I would lend you some help :-). too bad no one is closer from here, and willing to give ya a hand. I deff would if ya was closer :-) I know how your feeling about all this..like I said..i too..was in the same boat as you !!, not once...but twice I had to repair my roof !. I had to gut the whole front inside of my camper to repair it, as well as rebuild all but one roof truss !, I know what your going through..trust me..i really do !!!. it is not the end of the world, yes..it sucks..i know it does !..lol. but..this can be fixed !!!, if I can do it ?, then surely you can too !. and I know dang well, there are others on here, that was in the same boat as you, me were in, or are in ?. if they haven't been were you are now ?..they will be !..lol. hang in there :-).Yes,yes and yes, there are two types of campers(at least in my price range) one that is leaking and one that will leak. One good thing is I'm learning a lot, I just wish it was not on the job training 🙂
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|Religious affiliation:
|United Methodist
|Institution Type:
|Private not-for-profit
|Campus Setting:
|Great Lakes Mid-size city
|Highest Degree Offered:
|Master's degree
|Level of Institution:
|Four or more years
|School Mascot:
|School Colors:
|Cardinal red and white
north central is a very welcoming and safe environment. the faculty and staff members go to great lengths to make sure you are enjoying your time on campus. the campus…
i would not recommend going here if you're from out of state. there's not much to do on the weekends; people usually go home if they live an hour or…
the school is quite nice, clean and easy to find everything. the teachers and other students are great. its a pretty nice place.…
I would give North Central College an overall 8. It has a lot of opportunities and offers plenty of scholarships. It is in a great location and you get your…
The campus is small and the people are friendly! Making friends is easy, and there are plenty activities that allow you to meet more people. The area surrounding the town is even nicer. The school offers a nice shuttle to a grocery and mall! Then, the train station is only a few blocks away, so you can travel into the Chicago at anytime of the day. I love the trimester schedule as well! A longer Christmas break!Read More
It's a great atmosphere to be downtown Naperville. Its very relaxing and an awesome place to meet great people.Read More
Downtown Naperville has a lot to offer; shops, food, and cultural activities. Aurora is nearby with a lot of recreational activities. It is also close to my hometown which makes going home on an occasional weekend an easy commute. The campus is small enough that walking to classes isn't overly time consuming, wake up and go!Read More
The area around the campus is downtown Naperville and includes a great place to take walks (the Riverwalk), shopping, and restaurants. Since this college is close to Chicago, there are also nearly endless things to do within a 45 minute drive or train ride.Read More


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Flights to The United States with Qatar Airways
Travel to the United States with Qatar Airways and see the Statue of Liberty, the neon lights of Las Vegas, San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge, and the White House amongst innumerable other familiar sights. It's a country driven by a relentless, infectious optimism and cheerfulness.
Although most visitors to the States tend to head for cities like Chicago, New York and Washington DC, the great thing about the country is that it has such a diversity of landscapes. These are often incredibly beautiful and include unique landscapes like the Everglades in Florida, the soaring crags of the Rocky Mountains, the endless plains of Kansas and Texas and the arid deserts of the southwest.
The national parks are amongst the most spectacular in the world, with both Yosemite and Yellowstone parks offering visitors a whole world of stunning natural landscapes and experiences to enjoy. From the Grand Canyon to the Black Hills, and from the tidy villages of New England to the Everglades' tropical beaches, the United States is a country of spectacular diversity.
The vastness of the country is reflected in its diversity of cultural influences. Icons from Muhammad Ali and Sitting Bull to Martin Luther King, Jordan and Walt Disney have affected millions of people around the world, inspiring and charming in equal measure. In the field of music, too, everything from country and western to the blues, hip-hop, jazz and rock 'n' roll have originated here.
The best way to experience the United States is to see as many regions as possible. You could also start with a good-sized city like New York or Washington DC and visit the parks, museums, art galleries and monuments for a taste of what the States is all about.


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One of a Kind | LOR Originals 29-23 [5'1"x8'0"]
The rug you are viewing is a unique, one of a kind hand-knotted original. In order to earn the Lexington Oriental Rug Original label, each rug is personally selected and inspected by our experts. These rugs are brought directly to the US from overseas areas such as India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkey, and China. All of our LOR Originals oriental rugs are hand-knotted for strength and durability. They're woven by hand using traditional skills and artistry-just as they have been for hundreds of years. Every piece in our collection is a unique work of art that will add luxury, warmth, beauty and sophistication to your home.
All orders for area rugs will be sent FREE of shipping charges within the USA, excluding Hawaii & Alaska. We will ship your order (up to 150 pounds) via UPS or Federal Express. For orders weighing over 150 pounds, other arrangements will have to be made.
All rugs and pads will be professionally wrapped. If rug is damaged in shipping, please save all packaging materials and notify Lexington Oriental Rugs the same day that it is received.
Lexington Oriental Rugs reserves the right to ship all purchases only to the address that your credit card bill is mailed. UPS and FedEx will only ship to street addresses and not PO Boxes. Most ordered rugs, if available for shipping should be received within 5-14 days.
Lexington Oriental Rugs will contact you about added shipping costs for purchases going to Hawaii, Alaska and Canada. For purchases being shipped to Canada, the purchaser is responsible for all import taxes and custom fees due. We reserve the right not to ship outside the USA. Upon receipt of your purchase please inspect the package before unpacking. If the packaging material has been ripped and the rug seems dirty or damaged, email email@example.com or call 859-254-4412 before opening the package. Do not destroy or throw away packaging material, you may use this later if your wish to return the rug.
Inquire about the product One of a Kind | LOR Originals 29-23 (Rug Number 29-23) by using the form below and we will get back in touch with you as soon as possible.


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UnNews:Feline Advocacy Group Launches Cat Grammar Initiative
This article is part of UnNews, your source for up-to-the-microsecond misinformation.
22 January 2009
A common misunderstanding about cats is that they are difficult to train. However, while it takes a more delicate approach than dog training, it is possible to develop many fun and practical skills in our feline friends. One area where cat training has badly lagged, however, is the area of English grammar and spelling.
While the English language is admittedly difficult to master for any non-native speaker, cats, largely left to learn the language for themselves, have developed notoriously terrible habits. Even a cursory search on the internet reveals common cat mistakes in spelling and grammar. For instance, the letter "Z" is often used where "S" would be correct, such as in the word "has", where cats tend to use "haz". Also, cats have not grasped the concept of verb conjugation; "I can haz" is used instead of the correct "I can have". Cats also tend to eschew forming questions in the common verb-subject order. The above-mentioned "I can haz" is usually the form a cat will use for the more common "Can I have" when forming a question.
These shortcomings have concerned cat advocates for some time, since the problem has been made public by various internet enthusiasts. In response, The National Association for the Advancement of Cat Power has created the Cat Grammar Project. Association president Alfred Desmond said, "Some people think it's cute, the way cats don't use good grammar and spelling. But we are concerned that, simply for the entertainment value of it, cats are kept in a place of social ignorance, creating a decidedly speceisist ceiling regarding their advancement as members of our diverse society."
Local cat lover Lolly Berger agrees. "Cats are very fond of telling you where they currently are, and what they are doing to your stuff there. But because they are so deficient in their language skills, it always comes off juvenile and even from a seemingly lower level of intelligence." Holding back watering eyes, she grew emotional describing the plight of her own fluffy white tabby, Fluffy. "I don't care what everyone else thinks. I don't think it's cute. I think it's awful. The Cat Power folks have my full support."
You may make donations to the Cat Grammar Project by logging on to LolCatz.com.


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I can't believe it's been almost a year since I blogged last time. The thing is that the longer you wait, the harder it gets to start writing again because you have a growing pile of things you should have blogged about in the past that makes you raise the bar on the significance threshold. Essentially, picking up a blog after almost a year of silence requires that the update has to be spectacular.
Well, that's one way of looking at it. Another way could be to just say: Hey, I'm back! I'll try to be a little more frequent in the future, but for now let's summarize the most important bits that have happened up until now:
- I got married on September 3rd. It was fantastic! 🙂
- Sophie and I went on a honeymoon trip to Cyprus on September 5th and it was also fantastic.
- The plan was to get back home again this Monday so I could take an early flight to SFO on Tuesday morning to join the Mozilla all hands on Wednesday. However, the plan didn't go so well, because the trip from Cyprus back to Sweden was delayed, and I missed the flight to SFO. So in case anyone at Mozilla wonders where the heck I am, I'm doing the best I can to work remotely while everyone else is on site.
- Oh, and during the honeymoon trip, my LDAP password expired and I haven't been able to read mail or access my calendar since then. Resetting the password proves to be hard when all of Mozilla's IT staff is asleep in the US. 😉