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Naruto Uzumaki is the third jinchūriki of Kurama — the Nine-Tails. He is gifted with its enormous supply of chakra, to which Kakashi Hatake estimated it to be a hundred times greater than his own when its influence is not suppressed.[1] It also gives Naruto accelerated healing (recovering from minor injuries within seconds and major injuries within a day). Also, depending on the amount of Kurama's chakra he's using, Naruto is given an increase in strength, speed, and his healing factor are pushed to such levels that he completely recovered from a Chidori through his chest in mere seconds with no signs of injury left. At times, he is also granted a nearly impenetrable, fox-shaped chakra shroud. Naruto had a unique access to Kurama's chakra, due to the seal that his father, Minato Namikaze, the Fourth Hokage, used on him. Minato stated that he sealed Kurama's Yang chakra within Naruto because he believed that Naruto would someday control its power to battle Tobi, which became a reality during the Fourth Shinobi World War.[2][3]
Initial Jinchūriki Form
By simply tapping into Kurama's chakra, Naruto's body begins its initial transformation. His blue eyes become red and pupils become slitted. Following this, his nails and canine teeth grow longer and sharper and his blonde hair will grow longer and spikier, as it stands on end. Naruto's whisker marks will also widen and thicken, adding to his feral appearance. While he can still stand on his own two feet, Naruto can move at greater speeds by manoeuvring on all fours in a manner that looks similar to the Four Legs Technique used by the Inuzuka clan. Depending on how much of Kurama's chakra was unleashed, it was capable of glowing around his body in an untamed way, similar to fire. Until he achieved the Nine-Tails Chakra Mode, it was the only form which resembled flames. Furthermore, after combining his chakra with Kurama's, Naruto and Kurama can switch control of his body at will, causing Naruto's body to enter the initial form so that Kurama can speak through his body.[4]
At first, Naruto could only reach this state through sheer rage or if his life was in imminent danger, but after training with Jiraiya, Naruto learned how to contact Kurama and demand some of its chakra. Even though this was the weakest state of his jinchūriki forms, it still increased Naruto's physical strength,[5] and its healing rate was able to regenerate wounds that were beyond normal repair.[6] This form also increased his speed to such levels that nothing short of a fully matured Sharingan was able to track his movements. He could also use the chakra as a shock wave, sometimes merely using a roar or thrusting his fist out to send a rush of energy at his opponent.
When Naruto encountered Nagato face to face, he was shown to be able to simultaneously fuse his initial and Sage Mode forms together. His eyes took on the combined appearance of a mixture of them both. The exact capabilities of that form are unknown, but it was enough to completely resist Nagato's control of his Chakra Disruption Blades when it impaled Naruto.[7]
Version 1
During Naruto's battle with Sasuke at the Valley of the End, Kurama granted Naruto more of its chakra, which enveloped Naruto's body as a bubbling chakra construct, with one tail, which Jiraiya referred to as the "demon fox cloak" (妖狐の衣, yōko no koromo).[8] Naruto's Version 1 forms had all the initial jinchūriki form's physical traits, but the black rings that surrounded his more berserk-looking eyes were also present. In this form, Naruto could use his elongated, sharpened claws instead of his fists, and run at greater speeds on all fours, making him more beast-like. The chakra itself in this form was noticeably denser than it was in its previous form, going from a gaseous state to a boiling liquid state. The chakra produced by these forms was powerful enough to cause the shadow clones Naruto produced to double over in pain.[9]
Unlike jinchūriki who have learned to control their tailed beasts, like Killer B, Naruto's transformations were almost always triggered by his emotional state. The more he was distressed, the easier it was for Kurama to manipulate him through its chakra; its control over Naruto usually corresponds with the number of tails grown. Naruto was able to reach the third tail of Version 1 and remain in control over his body, but will become highly aggressive and dangerous due to the negative influence of Kurama's chakra.
Naruto's most powerful weapon in that state was the demon fox shroud itself, and it appeared to have a mind of its own; when a strike that was meant for Sasuke missed, the chakra itself stretched off of Naruto's arm and managed to hit Sasuke before he had time to react. Since the chakra was sentient, it was extremely difficult, if not impossible, to predict, as Naruto was followed with the Sharingan, but the chakra was not. The shroud granted Naruto some measure of protection, as it could endure attacks like the Fire Release: Great Fireball Technique.[10] Naruto could also use the shroud's chakra arms and tail as grappling hooks to either grab onto objects or enemies from great distances, and use it as a shell to help him create a Rasengan without the help of his shadow clones. However, the shroud was not without its drawbacks; after Naruto used his left arm for a number of attacks against Sasuke, it was left numb from overuse and the constant damage of Kurama's chakra on his body.[11] Despite this, every advantage that the shroud gives Naruto increases in strength with each tail; for example, his roar that simply caused a powerful shock wave in his initial jinchūriki form, created an even more devastating wave of destruction when his third tail grew.[12] In Naruto Shippūden 2: Bonds, while fighting the Zero-Tails, Naruto was able to use the demon fox shroud to use the chakra arms as makeshift wings for semi-flight.
Chakra Transfer Technique
After obtaining his Tailed Beast Mode, Naruto gained the ability to freely transfer Kurama's chakra to anyone else through contact. When the chakra is transferred to an Akimichi Clan member, the chakra will also seemingly restores their fat stores.
If enough chakra is transferred, the one receiving it will undergo the Version 1 Transformation into a form that lacks any tails. The transformation's normally damaging chakra seems to lack the dangerous burning side effect that it would have normally carried, much like the Nine-Tails Chakra Mode. The chakra grant all the attributes of the transformation when undergone by Naruto. [13] Naruto uses this during the Fourth Shinobi World War through his Shadow Clone Technique to transfer Kurama's to many of his fellow Shinobi, including but not limited to Hinata, Kiba, Ensui Nara, Ino, Shikamaru, Torifu Akimichi and Choji.
Version 2
During Team Yamato's mission to find Sasuke, the group found and fought Orochimaru, who continually baited Naruto with news of Sasuke. After the three-tailed form was rendered ineffective, Naruto became furious and instantly grew the fourth tail. Within his subconscious, Naruto passed through the gates of Kurama's cage and into its grasp. Its chakra burns through his skin, forming a black sphere that was mixed with Naruto's own blood until the sphere explodes, levelling the area around him and revealing Version 2. Unlike B, who has shown to be able to enter Version 2 with any number of tails, Naruto cannot achieve this form on his own, instead was forced upon his body by Kurama through the weakened seal, which allowed the fourth tail to grow. Once the sixth tail grew, the beast's skeleton began to form out of the chakra.
Unlike the previous forms where Naruto remained in control, Kurama had complete control over Naruto's body, making him a mere endoskeleton for its chakra. The chakra's internal support became Naruto's physical mass, with every living thing in its way a target.[14]. Every benefit of the Version 1 was transferred to Version 2 with massive upgrades; a simple wave of his hand was powerful enough to fire shock waves and the chakra wrapped around Naruto's body was so hot that victims were burned and poisoned by the foul chakra. Whenever Naruto was hit, a second body would form out of the chakra to attack instantly, and Kurama was able to fire a Tailed Beast Ball that was powerful enough to destroy three Rashōmon gates without losing momentum.[15] In the anime, it could generate numerous bodies, almost completely altering its own form into an amorphous blob, with which it was able to attack from all directions, and create a twister with just one slash from its claw.[16] By the six-tailed form, the chakra was so intense that Kurama was able to resist the seal of the First's necklace and force Pain's Shinra Tensei back on him. Curiously, in the anime, the six-tailed form's demon fox shroud managed to swim through and direct a body of water with its own movement without vaporising it, and also touched the Deva Path without burning him.[16]
In the end, Version 2 was Naruto's greatest downfall. Because Kurama's chakra was constantly destroying and creating new cells, it shortens Naruto's life, similar to Tsunade's Creation Rebirth. When the four-tailed form was finally repressed, Naruto needed immediate healing, as his skin was completely stripped off.[8] Naruto first slipped into this form when he was on a two-and-a-half year training with Jiraiya, who had used the key to weaken the seal for just a short time. And for that, it allowed enough of Kurama's influence within its chakra to leak out of the seal and produce the form, in turn almost killing Jiraiya.
In the anime-exclusive Chikara Arc, after being overcome by Kurama's will while in an imperfect Tailed Beast Mode, Naruto underwent a transformation into Version 2. Naruto's manifestation of Kurama, which had previously been the yellow colour of his own chakra and possessed six tails, took on the colour of Version 2 and grew a seventh. Its head and hands also took on a more feral appearance, and the bones and skeletal structure that had appeared in Naruto's six-tailed form also formed, although within the construct of Kurama as opposed to outside of it. Within the construct, Naruto himself also entered a Version 2 state; when the larger manifestation later vanished, Naruto's own chakra cloak briefly took on its appearance, with seven tails and Kurama's bones visible inside of it.[17]
Partial Transformation
As Kurama fought Pain through the six-tailed form, Naruto, within his subconscious, thought of Pain's plans for peace, and pleaded for someone to help him with a response. Through his suffering, Kurama tempted Naruto to entrust his heart to it so that it could destroy everything that was causing Naruto pain, thus distorting the seal and allowing him to go from the six-tailed form to the eight-tailed form.[18]
The size of this form was much like Kurama's, with muscle and tissue forming around the enlarged skeleton that is seen in the seven-tailed form. Though Kurama lacks it ninth tail, flesh, and fur, the tailed beast is powerful enough to break through Pain's Chibaku Tensei with brute force.[18] In the anime, for the brief time it was unleashed, it breathed a large stream of fire, which burned through the debris of the Chibaku Tensei, making it look like a meteor shower falling down toward the earth.[16]
After obtaining his Tailed Beast Mode transformation, his partial transformations have changed to reflect the unique nature of the form. He can manifest Kurama's arms, head and tails to attack or defend from just the cloak.[19][20] He could also form a full Tailed Beast Ball with just Kurama's head formed.[21]
Full Nine-Tails Form
At first, Naruto couldn't fully transform into his tailed beast when using the full extent of Kurama's chakra. This was due to the hostility that had existed between Naruto and the fox. When he attempted to transform into his full Nine-Tails form, he instead transforms into a miniature, comical version of Kurama. It was also shown that Naruto cannot maintain this form for very long, as it drains him of its chakra significantly.[22]
Nine-Tails Chakra Mode
The Nine-Tails Chakra Mode (九尾チャクラモード, Kyūbi Chakura Mōdo)[23] is a form that Naruto gained after he separated and sealed Kurama from its chakra. He can access its chakra directly whenever he needs it without interacting with the beast at all. In doing so, he gains a chakra shroud that resembles the Sage of the Six Paths' silhouette. The colour of his eyes changes from blue to orange when he is in this form and while the demon fox shroud is red and releases chakra as acidic bubbles, this form's shroud is yellow and releases chakra as flickering flames.[24][25]
With Kurama's power under his control, Naruto's strength is significantly increased to the point where he can push a fully formed Tailed Beast Ball through a multiple layered barrier with one arm,[26] and, with help from Killer B in his full Eight-Tails form, knock down Tobi's Demonic Statue of the Outer Path with an uppercut.[27] He could also neutralise White Zetsu with a single kick despite their durability.[28] B had trouble determining if Naruto's speed was from the Body Flicker Technique, as all he saw was a "yellow flash" when Naruto attacked Kisame Hoshigaki.[29] In this form, Naruto was able to surpass the speed of a fully charged A, who was currently the fastest shinobi in the world with Minato's death.[30] Though he can still feel pain, this form's chakra shroud gives Naruto a great amount of protection; regular swords are unable to pierce it, extreme heat temperatures slightly burn him,[31][32] and extreme physical attacks do little damage.[33][34] When he mastered the Tailed Beast Ball in Tailed Beast Mode, Naruto was finally able to use it in his Nine-Tails Chakra Mode, showcasing the Super Mini-Tailed Beast Ball against Tobi, which causes a powerful explosion in the distance after being launched by a chakra arm.[35]
The shroud's chakra arms gives Naruto greater range of attacks as well as greater dexterity and manoeuvrability to his fighting style without the use of shadow clones. The strength of the chakra arms are so great that when first using them, Naruto was able to crush stone without even trying.[36] He is also able to use the chakra arms to push himself off a platform[37] and to extend his reach,[38] where he would otherwise create a shadow clone to use as a landing point in mid-air.[39] or to propel him through the air.[40] Naruto has also used the chakra arms to help him create his Rasengan and could even use two Rasengan at the same time.[41][42] He has also used the chakra arms to create new Rasengan variants, such as the Spiralling Strife Spheres, Spiralling Absorption Sphere and the Planetary Rasengan. He can also create and throw his Wind Release: Rasenshuriken in this form by using the chakra arms in place of his shadow clones to create it. Using his chakra arms, he can guide the Rasenshuriken towards the enemy, allowing him to redirect it back at them, should the initial attack fail.[43] He can also create a miniature Rasenshuriken with just his index finger and two small chakra arms. The power of his techniques have become so great that, unless they already have some inherent durability, such as the Third Raikage, reincarnated ninja have a hard time regenerating.[44]
Like his predecessor, Mito Uzumaki, Naruto also gains Kurama's ability to sense negative emotions, something that not even the best sensor-type ninja can do.[45][46] In addition, he is capable of sensing Kurama's chakra signature, even while he was inside a chakra isolation chamber within the Falls of Truth.[47] Due to having Kurama's Yang chakra in this form, Wood Release techniques will react to the chakra's life-giving properties and mature into full-grown trees within a matter of seconds, either by contact or close range.[2][48][49]
However, using the Nine-Tails Chakra Mode was a huge risk as Naruto had to temporarily "shelve" his own chakra in order to use Kurama's, which allowed the fox to automatically drain Naruto's own chakra. If Kurama managed to take all of Naruto's chakra, Naruto would die. In addition, Gyūki advised him against the use of the Shadow Clone Technique, as Kurama would absorb every portion of Naruto's chakra even faster for each clone he made. Moreover, Naruto also had to be careful about the amount of time he spent in this mode as Gyūki stated that there was a limit to how much chakra Naruto managed to pull away from Kurama, implying that the untainted chakra would eventually run out.[50] Despite these risks however, once Naruto was on the battlefield, he deployed several of his shadow clones while in this mode to the different divisions to confront the enemy White Zetsu, indicating that the risks associated with this form are not instantaneous.[51] Naruto was able to stay in this form for an entire night and most of the morning during the Fourth Shinobi World War, though Gyūki noted that at some point Kurama had purposely stopped taking Naruto's chakra.[52] However, due to Naruto and Kurama's recently developed friendship, this weakness is no longer an issue.
In the Chikara Arc, despite the fact that Naruto had not yet subjugated the Nine-Tails' power, motivated by the Tonika Village orphans' plea to save Dokku and Shiseru, Naruto temporarily assumed an incomplete version of the Nine-Tails Chakra Mode after breaking free from Kurama's influence. During his brief time in the form, Naruto was able to form an incomplete Tailed Beast Rasengan as well.[17]
Tailed Beast Mode
By melding Kurama's unrestrained chakra together with his own while in Nine-Tails Chakra Mode, Naruto is able to enter Tailed Beast Mode (尾獣モード, Bijū Mōdo), with his shroud undergoing a drastic change. The shroud itself parts down the middle and opens into a full-length haori, revealing a black undergarment with magatama near his neck, whilst his seal's numerous swirl-patterns, which were located all over his body, open out into complete, dark, circles. Naruto also gains slit pupils, not unlike those of his first tailed beast transformations, and his whisker-markings become much thicker.
While in this form, his speed and strength are enhanced greatly to such an extent that he was able to deflect five Tailed Beast Balls by simply moving past them,[53] as well as quickly move to two different locations on a battlefield at once by creating a shadow clone.[54] He is also capable of using the Rasengan and the Super Mini-Tailed Beast Ball with a single hand in this form.[55][56]
This form also allows Naruto to transform into a replica of Kurama as well as manifest parts of the beast's body, such as its head, tails, or arms. However, rather than becoming a true flesh-replica of the fox, Naruto's enhanced chakra shroud instead enlarges into a tailed beast-cloak that recreates Kurama's overall form, while retaining the exact same seal that was previously present on Naruto's body. As opposed to the normal nature of the chakra, it no longer burns those who touch it, and is also translucent, as Naruto can be seen inside the replica's head throughout the transformation.[57]
This form gives Naruto the ability to use the full extent of Kurama's considerable powers. In this state, Naruto can release a powerful shock-wave that is strong enough to knock back five fully transformed tailed beasts at once.[58] Like most other jinchūriki who can transform into their tailed beasts, Naruto is able to use the Tailed Beast Ball and was even able to create one equalling the size and power of that collaboratively formed by five other tailed beasts,[59][60] as well as fire them continuously.[61] Naruto can also use this form's tail-like chakra arms to grab five tailed beasts at once.[62] Naruto is still capable of using his original techniques while in this form, such as the Shadow Clone Technique. While in Tailed Beast Mode, Naruto has demonstrated the ability to create shadow clones of himself in his regular form, which can then enter Sage Mode, as well as both Nine-Tails Chakra Mode and Tailed Beast Mode all by themselves, although only the original body has demonstrated the ability to fully or partially transform into Kurama.[63][64][54]
Seemingly, the only flaw to this transformation is that the length of time it can be maintained is dependent upon the link between Naruto and Kurama, with Kurama noting that they could only keep the form for five minutes during their first transformation due to the fact that they had not yet developed a perfect bond.[57] The amount of time they can consecutively maintain the form increases as the two continue to work together, extending the duration to eight minutes by the time of the Ten-Tails' revival.[65]
In the Chikara Arc, Kurama willingly gave Naruto more power when he was at risk of being killed by his clone. Naruto was able to overcome the influence of Kurama's will and enter an imperfect version of the Tailed Beast Mode, in which his seal spread over his body, forming unique markings. Much like Tailed Beast Mode, Naruto's chakra manifested into a replica of Kurama, although it lacked legs and possessed only six tails. In addition to the shroud's tails, Naruto was capable of forming chakra arms to bind his opponents while in this state. Naruto was unable to maintain this form for long as he soon succumbed to Kurama's will and instead entered a seven-tailed Version 2 form.[17]
- Naruto's miniature Nine-Tails form resembles his true form from the Naruto Manga Pilot.
- When first observing Naruto's enhanced chakra shroud while in Tailed Beast Mode from behind, Kakashi Hatake momentarily mistook Naruto for his former teacher, Minato Namikaze.[66]
- In the spin-off manga Rock Lee no Seishun Full-Power Ninden, after Naruto and Rock Lee switch bodies due to one of Ino Yamanaka's jutsu, Lee entered a Version 1 state and instead of having the traditional tails, the chakra tails instead extended off of Lee's eyebrows.
See Also
- Gaara's Jinchūriki Forms
- Yugito Nii's Jinchūriki Forms
- Yagura's Jinchūriki Forms
- Rōshi's Jinchūriki Forms
- Han's Jinchūriki Forms
- Utakata's Jinchūriki Forms
- Fū's Jinchūriki Forms
- Killer B's Jinchūriki Forms
- Kinkaku's Jinchūriki Forms
- Sora's Jinchūriki Forms
- ↑ Naruto chapter 315, page 11
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Naruto chapter 370, pages 12-13
- ↑ Naruto chapter 440, pages 8-10
- ↑ Naruto chapter 594, page 5
- ↑ Naruto chapter 48, pages 16-18
- ↑ Naruto chapter 228, pages 10-18
- ↑ Naruto chapter 444, page 4
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Naruto chapter 291, page 11
- ↑ Naruto chapter 277, page 9
- ↑ Naruto chapter 231, pages 5-10
- ↑ Naruto chapter 232, page 8
- ↑ Naruto chapter 292, page 9
- ↑ Naruto chapter 616, page 4
- ↑ Naruto chapter 295, page 3
- ↑ Naruto chapter 295, pages 6-11
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Naruto: Shippūden episode 167
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Naruto: Shippūden episode 295
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Naruto chapter 439, pages 10-13
- ↑ Naruto chapter 598, pages 1-6
- ↑ Naruto chapter 600, pages 14-15
- ↑ Naruto chapter 598, pages 11-13
- ↑ Naruto chapter 519, pages 7-9
- ↑ Naruto chapter 538, page 1
- ↑ Naruto chapter 499, pages 12-15
- ↑ Naruto chapter 505, page 7
- ↑ Naruto chapter 536, pages 8-11
- ↑ Naruto chapter 592, page 7
- ↑ Naruto chapter 545, page 11
- ↑ Naruto chapter 505, page 12
- ↑ Naruto chapter 544, page 11-12
- ↑ Naruto chapter 558, pages 19-20
- ↑ Naruto chapter 565, pages 11-12
- ↑ Naruto chapter 541, pages 6-7
- ↑ Naruto chapter 565, page 13
- ↑ Naruto chapter 595, pages 6-14
- ↑ Naruto chapter 515, page 8
- ↑ Naruto chapter 553, pages 2-3
- ↑ Naruto chapter 553, pages 3-5
- ↑ Naruto chapter 420, pages 3-4
- ↑ Naruto chapter 442, pages 16-17
- ↑ Naruto chapter 594, page 20
- ↑ Naruto chapter 567, page 11
- ↑ Naruto chapter 554, pages 1-3
- ↑ Naruto chapter 558, page 1
- ↑ Naruto chapter 505, pages 9-10
- ↑ Naruto chapter 534, pages 13-14
- ↑ Naruto chapter 529, page 1
- ↑ Naruto chapter 505, page 8
- ↑ Naruto chapter 545, page 14
- ↑ Naruto chapter 519, pages 10-11
- ↑ Naruto chapter 545, page 17
- ↑ Naruto chapter 567, pages 16-17
- ↑ Naruto chapter 571, pages 4-5
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 Naruto chapter 608, pages 12-13
- ↑ Naruto chapter 598, page 11
- ↑ Naruto chapter 601, page 13
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 Naruto chapter 571, pages 8-10
- ↑ Naruto chapter 571, pages 5-6
- ↑ Naruto chapter 571, pages 16-17
- ↑ Naruto chapter 572, pages 2-3
- ↑ Naruto chapter 610, page 12
- ↑ Naruto chapter 572, page 4
- ↑ Naruto chapter 571, page 5
- ↑ Naruto chapter 572, page 4
- ↑ Naruto chapter 611, page 6
- ↑ Naruto chapter 571, page 4


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July 15, 2016
What do you do with your old toilet paper cardboard rolls? We made this skirt inspired by medieval armor and paired it with one half of a jute coffee bag as the top, giving a masculine look to the ensemble with its wide shoulders. We then dressed a pair of sandals in traditional
April 27, 2016
Inspired by Easter festivities, we created the "Eggy dress", the bottom part is made out of egg boxes in three different colors. The top part is made out of three pairs of stockings (black and beige) worn one on the top of the other to create the sheer effect, cut-out
January 5, 2015
This Christmas is a very hot one! The re-used mosquito net served as a Christmas tree decorated with some apples hanged on the inside of it. The necklace is also a Christmas decoration and the long red gloves are in fact leggings. Mila, the model, did her own hair and
September 8, 2014
We went Poison Ivy, a bit unintentionally though, Mila is a red-head already. So the idea came up because we have this beautiful old ivy on the adjacent wall to where the pictures are taken, in the garden. I put a metal string around her and just put branches in between Mila and the
July 1, 2014
Pink plastic bags make a hell of a dress with the brown sandpaper belt. We actually went around the stores to ask for pink bags and a butcher gave us dozens! We hanged them on two metal strings to make the top and the skirt. The retro chair prop comes
July 28, 2013
A little bit of rock style with these plastic garbage bag pants supplement for the famous leather pants, with a green mosquito net top and a green lipstick. Mila, the model, did her own hair and make-up and we styled her together from the ready-made we found around my family house.
September 12, 2012
This garment was made out of an old architecture model of mine that finished in my father's basement (the white cardboard with holes), and some black basics like old stockings that we butchered to get these shorts and stuff our heels in the rest of them to make them black.
September 6, 2011
A young and fresh creation out of a piece of yellow curtain – the hanging part, and a stripy textile we just put on Mila the model, and clipped on the back. It's an easy garment, less experimental than the usual ones, so we added a playful prop – a hula hoop,
August 17, 2011
This dress was made out of a silky material and a hank of rope with which we just tightened it around Livia. She is my oldest friend ever. I didn't want to cut the rope because I just borrowed it from carpenters' of my parents' company, so I hooked it
February 14, 2011
We taped Mila in with a few rolls of brown plastic tape to make this short fitted dress. It was the winter season so my dad had some wood stored where we usually take photos of our fashion creations, which made for a nice background. Mila, the model, did her own hair
September 14, 2009
The first creation Mila and I ever did was this paper dress, made out of newspapers we stapled to the wire construction that gives the dress this ball gown shape. Then we added a red bow with a wire structure too. Mila, the model, did her own hair and make-up and
© 2020 Katarina Mijic | Theme by Eleven Themes

subset: commoncrawl


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2000's Flyers
The last 13 years have been mostly successful for the Flyers. The highlights include a season in 2003-04 when the veteran group led by Jeremy Roenick, Mark Recchi, Leclair and Eric Desjardins reached Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals under the tutelage of coach Ken Hitchcock before losing to the eventual Stanley Cup champion Tampa Bay Lightning.
After a lockout cancelled the following season, the Flyers made the playoffs in 2005-06, but then suffered the worst season in franchise history in 2006-07, missing the playoffs. The organization rebounded quickly, reaching the Eastern Conference Finals in 2007-08 before losing to the Pittsburgh Penguins.
Two years later, Peter Laviolette took over as coach and with Chris Pronger leading the way on defense and Simon Gagne, Danny Briere, Mike Richards and Jeff Carter on offense, the Flyers made ta dramatic run he Cup Finals for the eighth time in 42 seasons. On the way, the Flyers overcame a 3-0 series deficit to defeat the Boston Bruins 4-3, including coming from behind 3-0 in Game 7 in Boston to win the Game 4-3 as well. They were just the third team in NHL history and fourth in professional sports history to accomplish the feat. The Flyers eventually lost to the Chicago Blackhawks in the Finals.
The Flyers have again re-tooled since and although they missed the playoffs in 2013, are excited about a future with such young stars as captain Claude Giroux as well as players like Jake Voracek, Wayne Simmonds and Luke Schenn on defense.
Click here to see pictures from the 2000s.


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Section 1
When last we left our hero the carbon atom, he was being wrested away from his comfortable hibernation in a piece of coal (or pool of oil or bubble of natural gas), combusted in a power plant (or car engine), turned into carbon dioxide, and sent flying off into the atmosphere.
Part 1 of this lab was really designed to take us through the different parts of the carbon cycle and look at how carbon moved between the various spheres of the Earth. We were also interested in the extent to which the movement between sinks and sources was balanced – as the Earth's global carbon budget should be. All of this focused on the issue of carbon emission and uptake globally; in this lab, we take a look at this issue more locally.
By the end of this lab, you should be able to answer the following research questions:
How and why have atmospheric CO2 concentrations changed over the past 50 to 60 years?
How do atmospheric CO2 concentrations vary across the globe?
How has the uptake of CO2 affected the oceans and terrestrial biosphere?
Entering with the right mindset
Throughout this lab you will be asked to answer some questions. Those questions will come in three different varieties:
Fact-based question →This will be a question with a rather clear-cut answer. That answer will be based on information (1) presented by your instructor, (2) found in background sections, or (3) determined by you from data, graphs, pictures, etc. There is more of an expectation of you providing a certain answer for a question of this type as compared to questions of the other types.
Synthesis-based question → This will be a question that will require you to pull together ideas from different places in order to give a complete answer. There is still an expectation that your answer will match up to a certain response, but you should feel comfortable in expressing your understanding of how these different ideas fit together.
Hypothesis-based question → This will be a question which will require you to stretch your mind little bit. A question like this will ask you to speculate about why something is the way it is, for instance. There is not one certain answer to a question of this type. This is a more open- ended question where we will be more interested in the ideas that you propose and the justification ('I think this because . . .') that you provide.
Section 2
We discovered on Day 1 of the lab that human activities – mostly fossil-fuel combustion – adds enormous amounts of carbon to the atmosphere every year. Nearly all of that carbon is in the form of CO2. For example, there was a net addition of approximately 4 petagrams of carbon to the atmosphere each year from 2009-2011; the picture below shows this (as part of the global carbon budget) from 2010. That translates into approximately 15 petagrams of CO2. Since a petagram is 1,000,000,000,000,000 grams, that amounts to 15,000,000,000,000,000 grams or 1,102,313,061 tons of CO2 during that four years – or a lot of carbon dioxide.
The figure below shows the growth of atmospheric carbon (i.e. the net increase in carbon) and changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations from 1959-2010. Click CO2_Stations to open the file in Google™ Earth see the locations of the sites (Barrow, Mauna Loa, Cape Matatula, and South Pole) where CO2 has been measured over the past several decades. Be sure to zoom in on each station to see the actual observatory where CO2 measurements are made.
Q1: How would you describe the change in atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the past several decades?
Q2: At the end of the last lab, we were looking at a graph of carbon uptake and saw an unusual value (an anomaly) for the year 1992. Likewise, in the graph above, there is an unusual value for 1992 compared to the years around it. What could explain this minimal growth in atmospheric carbon in 1992?
Q3: Why do the two locations in the Northern Hemisphere consistently have higher concentrations than the two locations in the Southern Hemisphere? Referring back to CO2Emissions_1950-2010 can help you answer this question.
Click CO2_2010 to open the file in Google™ Earth and see changes in monthly CO2 concentrations in 2010. These data were derived from two sensors (the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A) on-board NASA's Aqua satellite.
Q4: What is the range (i.e. smallest and largest) in the values of the CO2 concentrations? Compared with what you saw in the Troposphere lab for water vapor and ozone, would you say this a relatively large or relatively small range in the concentration of a gas?
Q5: Based on what have seen in the lab so far, would you say that CO2 is a well-mixed gas or a short-lived gas? We will revisit these terms in Lab 7 (Temperature Changes over the Past Millennium).
In the Google™ Earth file turn the globe so that you can see both North and South America at the same time. Replay the animation in order to answer the question below.
Q6: How do CO2 concentrations vary between the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere? Why are concentrations higher in one hemisphere compared to the other?
Section 3
In the Troposphere Lab, we learned about the Clean Air Act in the United States in which different sets of regulations controlling various pollutants in the air were passed in 1970, 1977, and 1990. As part of understanding the impact of that Act, you looked at the effect on the levels of PM10, NOx, and SOs emissions, and you should have noticed a decrease in pollutant emissions. Regarding the sources of the pollutants, you learned the following in Lab 3 (The Troposphere): (1) industrial processes (e.g., smokestacks on factories) has been largest source of PM10; (2) motor vehicles has been the largest source of NOx; and (3) electricity production (i.e., power plants) has been the largest source of SO2.
Q7: What effect did the Clean Air Act have on pollutant emissions in the United States?
Q8: What effect do you think the Clean Air Act had on CO2 emissions in the United States?
Click SO2&CO2_1970-2010 to open the file in Microsoft® Excel. This file contains annual emissions of SO2 and fossil-fuel CO2 in the United States from 1970 to 2010.
- Select cells in rows 1 through 42 of columns A, B, and C.
- Under the Insert tab, select Line and then choose the first 2-D line.
- Right-click on the red line (CO2 emissions) and put that on the Secondary Axis (under Format Data Series …)
- The resulting graph shows annual emissions of SO2 and CO2 in the United States.
Q9: What was the general trend in CO2 emissions from 1970 to 2010?
Q10: Why do the trends in SO2 and CO2 emissions differ?
So far in Part 2 of the Carbon Cycle lab, we have been looking globally at CO2 emissions. Now we want to start to zoom in on the local situation by first looking across the U.S. as a whole, then focusing on the southeastern part of the country, and finally, concentrating on the Atlanta Metro area and surrounding counties.
We determined in Day 1 of the lab that carbon emissions have been much higher in the eastern half of the United States compared to the western half. Let's try to account for this difference. Click CO2_Emissions_2010 to open the file in Google™ Earth and see emissions of CO2 from fossil-fuel combustion in 2010. Click on Power_Plants to open the file in Google™ Earth and see locations of the power plants with the largest emissions of CO2 in 2002. The size of an orange circle is proportional to the emissions of CO2 from a facility.
Q11: Where are the CO2 emissions the highest? How does that compare to where we found the SO2 emissions to be the highest in the Troposphere lab?
Q12: Why are CO2 emissions so much higher in that part of the country?
All right, so what is the situation more locally? Click CarbonEmissions_Counties and Atlanta_MSA to open the files in Google™ Earth to get a feeling for the major sources of CO2 within the Atlanta Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA; the white boundary in Atlanta_MSA outlines that area). These data come from the Vulcan Project, which is a NASA/DOE funded to quantify North American fossil-fuel CO2 emissions. The red counties have the most emissions. The pie charts shows the percentages of emissions from various activities. Click on the pie charts to see emissions data.
Q13: Look at Cobb, Fulton, DeKalb, and Gwinnett counties; what is the major source of CO2 emissions in those counties?
Q14: Which county in the Atlanta MSA has the highest CO2 emissions? What is it that is different about the major source of emissions in this county than the ones you looked at in Q13? What particular facility is the reason for this difference?
So far in the Day 2 lab, we have examined CO2 emissions at various scales (e.g., global, regional, national, and local) and CO2 concentrations in the middle troposphere – at remote locations and across the globe. We also measured the CO2 concentration at Hurt Park in downtown Atlanta in the Troposphere lab. Answer the following question based on the knowledge you have gained to this point.
Q15: Do you think CO2 concentrations in rural parts of the eastern United States are generally higher or lower than CO2 concentrations at remote locations, such as Barrow, Mauna Loa, Cape Matatula, and the South Pole? Why?
A good example of a rural location in the eastern United States is Beech Island, South Carolina. CO2 is measured at 305 meters above the surface at Beech Island atop a tall tower; therefore, CO2 concentrations are not contaminated by local sources (e.g., an idling truck). Click BeechIsland to view the location of Beech Island in the southeastern United States. Zoom in on the red bullseye to see the tall tower on which CO2 measurements are made. Click MonthlyCO2_2010 to open the file in Microsoft® Excel. This file contains monthly CO2 concentrations at Beech Island as well at Barrow, Mauna Loa, Cape Matatula, and the South Pole in 2010. Do the following to create a graph from the data in that file:
- Select cells in rows 1 through 13 of columns A, B, C, D, E, and F.
- Under the Insert tab, select Line and then choose the first 2-D line.
- The resulting graph shows average monthly concentrations of CO2 at Beech Island, Barrow, Mauna Loa, Cape Matatula, and the South Pole during 2010.
Q16: Why did Beech Island have the highest CO2 concentrations among the five stations for a majority of the months?
Q17: Why were CO2 concentrations at Beech Island, and especially at Barrow, lower during the summer months than the winter months? You will learn more about the reason behind this in Section 4.
There are very few monitors in urban areas, but we are fortunate to have one of those monitors on the campus of GSU. The Department of Geosciences operates the monitor. Click CO2_Monitoring_Station to see a picture of the equipment that was involved in making accurate and precise measurements of CO2 concentrations on campus. The CO2 analyzer measured the ambient CO2 concentration every 10 seconds. You are going to compare CO2 concentrations in downtown Atlanta with concentrations at Beech Island.
Click HourlyCO2_December2010 to open the file in Microsoft® Excel. This file contains the average concentration for each day at downtown Atlanta and Beech Island during December 2010. Do the following to create a graph from the data in that file:
- Select cells in rows 1 through 25 of columns A, B, and C.
- Under the Insert tab, select Line and then choose the first 2-D line.
- The resulting graph shows average concentration for each of the day at downtown Atlanta and Beech Island during December 2010.
Q18: What is the major source of CO2 emissions in downtown Atlanta? What do you notice in the pattern of data that provides a clue to help answer this question?
Section 4
In Day 1 of this lab, we focused on the carbon cycle in terms of sources and sinks. In the first few parts of this lab, the emphasis has been on human activity – mostly the burning of fossil fuels – as an additional source of carbon that gets emitted into the atmosphere. As with any system in nature, the other parts of the system can respond to such a stress on the system's equilibrium. For example, one response from the parts of the carbon cycle system to the increased CO2 levels from fossil fuel combustion could be increased absorption of CO2 by green plants to drive photosynthesis.
Given the importance of this process, let's turn our attention to the terrestrial biosphere as a carbon sink. As shown top picture below, the terrestrial biosphere absorbs approximately three petagrams of carbon annually. When you see the two words "terrestrial biosphere" you should think of forests. There are three general types of forests across the globe: (1) tropical forests, which are predominantly evergreen broadleaf forests, (2) temperate forests, which have varying types of trees as a result of yearly variations in the temperature, and (3) boreal forests, which are predominantly evergreen needleleaf forests. Click MODIS Land Cover to open the file in Google™ Earth and including location of these different types of forests. [The image was derived from data from the MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) instrument on NASA's Terra satellite (see the bottom picture below).]
Q19: Identify one place across the globe where there is a (1) tropical forest, (2) temperate forest, and (3) boreal forest?
- Tropical forest:
- Temperate forest:
- Boreal forest:
Q20: Which of the three forests do you think is the largest carbon sink and why?
In Part 1 of this lab, you learned that green plants within the terrestrial biosphere can act both as a carbon sink – as they turn CO2 and water into carbohydrates through photosynthesis – and as a carbon source – as they respire CO2 produced by the metabolism of carbohydrates when the plants need energy. What is really important to know is how much more carbon is taken up by photosynthesis than released through respiration. This is known as net primary production (NPP). Positive values of NPP indicate that more carbon was absorbed by photosynthesis than was released by respiration (i.e., that the terrestrial biosphere was acting as a carbon sink); negative values indicate the opposite situation.
NPP changes over time and space. We can explore these changes for one year by clicking on NPP_2010 to open this file in Google™ Earth and watching the animation of the variation of the NPP values for different places over that year. The data come from NASA's MODIS instrument. Values range from near 0 grams of carbon per square meter per day to 6.5 grams per square meter per day.
Q21: Which forests have large positive values of NPP during each month (i.e., what forests have a green color year-round)?
Q22: Why do these forests have little seasonal differences in NPP?
Focus on North America by typing "North America" in the "Fly to" box.
Q23: Which of the three types of forests in North America had the highest NPP values during the summer months? Why did this occur during the summer and not during the winter?
After viewing NPP values for each month of 2010, you should now revisit your response to Question 17.
Q24: Which of the three forests do you think is the largest carbon sink and why?
Scientists are still trying to figure out which of the three forest types is the largest carbon sink. The three images below provide recent information on the terrestrial biosphere carbon sink. The first two images are the first pages from two articles from the journal Science, while the third image is a portion of Table 1 from the second Science article.
Q25:Which of the three forests appears to be the largest carbon sink?
Section 5
As with the terrestrial biosphere, the oceans (the largest component of the hydrosphere) can function as either a carbon source or a carbon sink. Look at the image below as a reminder of the different processes by which the ocean can act as a carbon sink and a carbon source.
Typically, the oceans take up approximately two petagrams of carbon each year. More specifically, the oceans have taken up half of all the CO2 emitted by human activities since pre-industrial times. With the increased production of CO2 by humans over the past two centuries, more and more carbon has been added to the oceans. When CO2 enters the ocean, a complex series of reactions occur in which the carbon dioxide is transformed into carbonic acid (by reacting with the water), the carbonic acid breaks apart into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions (which are found in baking soda), and some percentage of the hydrogen ions combine with carbonate ions (which are found in washing soda) to form additional bicarbonate ions. Why it is not important to remember all the parts of that complex series of reactions, it is valuable to understand one of its effects: the removal of carbonate ions that it makes it more difficult for marine organisms (known as calcifiers) to grow shells.
Q26: What other effects do you think anthropogenic CO2 emissions are having on marine organisms besides the impact on calcifiers described above?
As a result of data collected in Hawaii, we are better able to understand the effects of the increasing amounts of CO2 that the oceans are absorbing. Scientists working on the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program have been making repeated observations of the hydrography, chemistry, and biology of the water column at a station north of Oahu, Hawaii U.S.A. since October 1988. As you have seen earlier in this lab, measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentrations at Mauna Loa, Hawaii have been made since 1958. Click HOT_MaunaLoa to open the file in Google™ Earth and see the location of the HOT measurements relative to the Mauna Loa station. The image below shows changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the amount of dissolved CO2 in the middle of the Pacific Ocean (i.e. Hawaii).
Q27: What is the general relationship between atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the amount of CO2 dissolved in seawater?
As noted above, changes in the amount of CO2 in seawater also will affect the pH of the water as as well as the availability of carbonate ions. The image on the left below shows changes in seawater pH and the concentration of carbonate ions near Hawaii. The same pH diagram you saw in Lab 3 is shown again below.
Q28: What effect did the increased absorption of CO2 by the oceans have on the pH? Did the pH level ever get to the point where the ocean water was acidic?
There is one last issue to consider before leaving the topic of the hydrosphere as sink in particular and the carbon cycle in general. Some people have suggested boosting the oceans capacity to act as a sink by (1) seeding the ocean with iron and (2) adding lime to seawater. It remains to be seen whether these are effective forms of carbon capture. Even if they are effective, the question remains …
Q29: Do you think that we should be exploring means like this to increase the ocean's capacity to absorb CO2? Why or why not?
Section 6
Write responses of one to two sentences for each of the following big questions of the lab.
Q30: How and why have atmospheric CO2 concentrations changed over the past 50 to 60 years?
Q31: How do atmospheric CO2 concentrations vary across the globe?
Q32: How has the uptake of CO2 affected the oceans and terrestrial biosphere?


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Transportation Needs for Caregivers and Their Loved Ones
Expert Elinor Ginzler talks about resources you can use
If you missed our live online chat with Elinor Ginzler, former AARP vice president for health and current senior director for supportive services at the Jewish Council for the Aging in Rockville, Md., read the transcript of the conversation below.
Comment from Chantilly@BiculturalMom: I know that many communities offer support for transportation through insurance or local initiatives. How can we find out if our community has a free or reduced rate program for elder transportation?
Elinor Ginzler: You are right that many communities have programs to help seniors get around without driving their cars. The best way to find out about the resources in your community is to call your local aging office. For help finding your local office, use the Department of Health and Human Services-sponsored Eldercare Locator online tool (eldercare.gov), or call them at 1-800-677-1116 to find the aging office for your community.
Comment from Ron: My dad is too wealthy to qualify for Medicaid, but he cannot afford private taxis too often. What transportation options exist for seniors of moderate means? Does Medicare pay for transportation services?
Elinor Ginzler: Many people find themselves in the exact same situation as your dad. If he used to own a car or still does, it can be eye opening to calculate how much it costs to maintain a car. The Hartford has a great worksheet available. Fill it out, and when you finish adding up the costs of fuel, maintenance, repair, insurance and more, you'll find that your dad has a transportation allowance available to him that will mean many, many taxi rides.
Comment from Dorothy Kane: My husband was diagnosed with MCI [Mild Cognitive Impairment] about four years ago. His short-term memory has definitely gotten worse. However, he still drives every day. He goes to three different parks that are about two miles from our house. He has done fine so far, but as time goes by I am concerned that he will cause an accident. He loves to be able to go out on his own when I'm not with him. What suggestions do you have for getting him to stop driving?
Elinor Ginzler: It's good that you're concerned — and it's really good that he's doing fine so far. If he gets more impaired, however, you'll need to be on the lookout for signs that driving is no longer safe. It's a good idea to start talking about this now when his driving is still OK. Ask him to think about what he wants to do to stay safe on the road. Find out about local transportation options so he will still be able to go to those parks he likes so much.
Comment from Lorie: I currently work full-time while taking care of my aunt. It is very hard to take time off of work to take her back and forth from home to doctors' appointments. She doesn't qualify for any services, but we can't afford to pay transportation costs all the time. Are there volunteer programs that help with transportation?
Elinor Ginzler: Volunteer driver programs are alive and well in communities across the country. Many communities rely on volunteer programs to help provide needed services to seniors. It does take some detective work on your part though, because it might be a church or local help group that is offering the service. I know that some "Senior Villages" that are cropping up in neighborhoods around the country report that transportation is the most-requested service and that they rely on neighbors helping neighbors to volunteer and provide those rides.
Comment from Guest: What transportation resources are available in small towns? In larger cities, cabs are available.
Elinor Ginzler: Small towns can be rich with transportation services. It is often the nonprofit world of churches and community-based organizations that steps up to help seniors get around. Check your local aging office for groups in your community who can help. Also, remember that the government-maintained Eldercare Locator online tool can help you find the aging office near you.
Comment from Bridget: What if my mom needs to get to medical appointments outside her county of residence? Are there transportation services that cross jurisdictional boundaries?
Elinor Ginzler: Most senior transportation services recognize that doctors are often spread around several jurisdictions. This is a great question to ask when you are finding a transportation service, but I think you will find that many are quite flexible. If one organization tells you they can't help you, ask them if they know of a service that will. Services run by not-for-profit organizations are very likely to have flexible policies about crossing over boundaries.
Comment from Russ Parish, Arkansas Transit Association: Many senior centers and other nonprofit agencies employ or use volunteer seniors. There are valid concerns about reaction time, vision and good judgment regarding these valued workers and volunteers. Are there any resources, checklists or standard evaluations available to assess safe driving skills for drivers over 70?
Elinor Ginzler: Most seniors make changes to their driving behaviors to stay safe on the road. A typical example is no longer driving at night. There are professional groups that provide driving assessment and offer rehab treatment if appropriate. Usually it is an occupational therapist that performs the assessment. Another important program to remind seniors about safe driving is the AARP Driver Safety program. This course, offered online and in person, reviews rules of the road and offers tips for staying safe.
Comment from Craig: My mom called me recently and expressed concern about my dad's vision and driving abilities. Since I live in a different state, I wasn't sure what to do, so I contacted the DMV about getting him retested. I gave his address and contact information, and they sent him a letter suspending his license until he can get retested. He is now really angry with me. I didn't expect the DMV to take this action, but at the same time I feel I needed to step in and help protect my dad (and possibly others). Did I do the right thing? And how do I handle my dad's anger toward me? He did pass the test for daytime driving, but now he is restricted from driving at night.
Elinor Ginzler: You sure did the right thing, even though it seems to me that the DMV handled it poorly. The most important issue is safety — for your dad and for others on the road. Even he would agree that he does not want to have a bad accident with a bad outcome because of his declining abilities. I am surprised that the DMV revealed the source of the complaint. Most have policies that protect the confidentiality of the person reporting the concern.
However, it sounds like the outcome was a very fair one — he is still driving but modifying his driving behaviors to match his abilities. Many seniors restrict themselves to driving only in the daytime because they recognize signs that night driving is getting to be unsafe for them. Let your dad know that you love him and want him to be safe for a long, long time, and driving only during the day seems to be a great solution for now.
Comment from Mary Dunlap: I missed the testing for older drivers because I was going out of town. Is there a way to sign up for it?
Elinor Ginzler: I think you're talking about the AARP Driver Safety program. To find out where and when the course is offered, check out the course locator. The course is also offered online so you can take the class at your own pace in the comfort of your own home. Good luck!
Comment from Kristy: I am caring for my cousin who has dementia. I am not her power of attorney, but I need to help her apply for transportation services from our local transit company. What is the best way to go about doing this? Will not having a power of attorney make it difficult to act on her behalf?
Elinor Ginzler: Many times a doctor's evaluation is needed for someone to qualify for paratransit services from the local transit company. You can help her obtain and submit the necessary medical forms and help her complete her portion of the information so that she becomes eligible for transportation assistance.
Comment from Susan: As a caregiver, what warning signs should I watch for with my dad and driving? I fear he's holding back on telling me what is happening. His heart isn't so well.
Elinor Ginzler: Most people want to continue driving for as long as they can safely do so. However, a time will come for many when they must limit or stop driving, either temporarily or permanently. To really find out how your dad's driving is going you have to get in the car with him. These are some warning signs that indicate a person should begin to limit or stop driving:
- Almost crashing, with frequent close calls;
- Finding dents and scrapes on the car, on fences, mailboxes, garage doors, curbs, etc.;
- Having trouble seeing or following traffic signals, road signs and pavement markings;
- Misjudging gaps in traffic at intersections and on highway entrance and exit ramps;
- Having a hard time turning around to check the rear view while backing up or changing lanes;
- Receiving multiple traffic tickets or warnings from law enforcement officers
Comment from Sarah: How do I find information on the local transportation services in my area?
Elinor Ginzler: Your local jurisdiction's transportation department likely describes public services on its website. And most senior directories created by local communities and towns include listings of mobility/transportation organizations, as it is such an important issue.
Comment from Sandy: My dad has always been fiercely independent. Driving has been his favorite thing to do for many, many years. Unfortunately, his eyes have begun to fail, and it is very evident that driving is becoming difficult for him. I know that it is time to talk to him about not driving, but I am afraid that he will become angry or depressed and just flat out refuse to stop. What should I do?
Elinor Ginzler: This is one of the most difficult conversations that families face. Good for you for recognizing that it is time to talk and for realizing that you need some help to be sure it goes well. The good news is that AARP can help. We Need to Talk (aarp.org/weneedtotalk) offers a terrific set of modules that take you through all the steps of how to talk to a family member about not driving. Check it out and get tips and techniques for this important conversation. You'll be glad you did.
Comment from Molly: How common are at-home services? By that I mean in rural areas how can I get a physical therapist to come to my mom's house?
Elinor Ginzler: Many community services, especially in rural areas, realize that to treat older patients who no longer drive, the services have to go where the patients live. Speech therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy and even skilled nursing services can be provided in the home and covered by Medicare if the person is not able to leave their house. And telemedicine — using computers and technology to virtually consult with patients from their homes — is becoming more and more commonplace.
Comment From Dan: How do I find out the background of the driver who takes my dad to his doctors' appointments?
Elinor Ginzler: It is really important to be sure that the folks driving your folks are legitimate. If the driver is from a driving agency, ask them if they conduct background checks on their employees. If they don't, find another agency. If you've hired this driver independently, you can check with your state motor vehicles department on his driving record.
Comment from maccascruff: My parents are now in independent living. Their car is gone. It was my dad's decision. How do we get him to consider using the shuttle bus the facility provides so he can run his errands, such as grocery shopping? He is adamant that he will not use it. This makes it very difficult for my sister and me because he has to go on a certain day at a certain time.
Elinor Ginzler: It is hard to transition from the independence of driving your own car any time you want to relying on a shuttle bus. One idea may be to speak to other residents who use the shuttle bus. They may be helpful in convincing him to give it a try. Also, try talking to the residence staff to find someone to help with this, and be patient.
Comment from Chuck: How do I learn to use the bus in my town? I've never used it before and am afraid to ask the city.
Elinor Ginzler: It's never too late to learn new things. Many communities now offer travel training that teaches people all about the public transit in their cities. The training is done in a classroom and also includes a group excursion. Montgomery County, Md. offers Ride Smart travel training through its Connect-A-Ride program. It's just one example of how communities are helping people learn to use transit. Good luck!
Comment from Rachel: Are there any funds to help pay for the cost of getting an accessible van?
Elinor Ginzler: I am aware that the Veterans Benefits Administration will help with the financial end of equipping a van for accessibility. You might ask your motor vehicle administration about other funding sources.
AARP: Thank you for participating in today's chat with independent living expert Elinor Ginzler. Continue the discussion on our Discussions Boards in our online community. And, as always, you can find online caregiving resources in our Caregiving Resource Center or call our free Caregiving Support Line at 877-333-5885 to find services and support groups, both nationally and locally.
Also of Interest
- Top reasons you should take a Driver Safety course
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text: Matthew John Markling serves as General Counsel for the Ohio Educational Service Center Association ("OESCA") and McGown & Markling is a longstanding strategic partner with OESCA. Please click here to view the November 8th, 2018 OESCA Legislative e-Update. This e-Update provides information on the pending and enacted bills of interest to Ohio's public education community. Bills are organized in order of last action date. For each bill, the long title of the bill is included as well as the current status and the previous three actions. There are also links to the state bill page for users to download any bills, analyses or fiscal notes. The document concludes with the latest news from "Capitol Square in Review."


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Stasis in a biotic power available to Adepts, Sentinels, Krogans, and Asari. Stasis causes an enemy to be briefly locked in a mass effect field, freezing the target in place, making them unable to attack. Enemies may also be able to put Shepard and teammates into a stasis field, which will cause you damage and freeze you in space.
Tip: Stasis is effective when used against a Phantom as it will freeze them in place giving you time to line up shots on them or give you some time to back-up. Unlike previous games, when a enemy is affected by Stasis, it will take damage as always.
Rank 1: Stasis
Stop an enemy in its tracks with this powerful mass effect field. No affect on armored targets.
Enemies eventually break out of Stasis after taking major damage.
Recharge Speed: 2.67 sec (carrying no weight)
Duration: 6 sec
Rank 2: Recharge Speed
Increase recharge speed by 25%.
Recharge Speed: 2.46 sec
Rank 3: Duration
Increase duration by 30%.
Duration: 7.80 sec
Rank 4: Choose between Duration or Stasis Strength
Increase duration by 40%.
Duration: 10.20 sec
Stasis Strength
Deal 150% more damage to targets before Stasis breaks.
Rank 5: Choose between Bonus Power or Recharge Speed
Bonus Power
Use two powers in a row by giving the first power a 30% chance to cause no cooldown.
Recharge Speed
Increase recharge speed by 35%.
Recharge Speed: 2.22 sec
Rank 6: Choose between Bubble or Vulnerability
Unleash a Stasis bubble to trap enemies that walk into it.
Increase all damage done to target by 50%.
Deal 35% more damage to targets before Stasis breaks.


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Deloitte Private
Getting you there
We focus on your future, and that of your successors and next-generation family champions
As your trusted advisors, we focus on your future, and that of your successors and next-generation family champions – looking ahead to anticipate your needs and aspirations to continue building a prosperous legacy.
Legacies mean different things to different people and our professionals recognize the importance of preserving philanthropic as well as business and cultural legacies. As well as passing on tangible assets to your successors, you may also desire to pass on your vision, mission statement and ideals regarding the business as well as the private family wealth. We can help formalize these concepts and provide a workable solution which is acceptable to both you and your successors.
Throughout this journey, Deloitte Private will be by your side and will help you chart the path to get you, your family and business where you want to be.
Although we will guide you and motivate you along the way, we understand that sometimes a family has to take stock, and sometimes 'now isn't the right time,' and that sometimes a business transaction will take precedence. We will always encourage you to proritize putting your house in order, however, we are very well aware of the fact that this process can invariably involve difficult decisions and conversations which can take time to work through.
Our focus is to get you there … and beyond, at your own pace.


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|Me and the girl from Vogue - hard to tell the difference huh?
I know, I know - I avoided stretchy fabrics like they were contaminated because I had an irrational fear of stuff that clung to the body like a wetsuit, showed every lump and bump and was synthetic. Such a fabric snob......though I've always thought that wetsuits make the most wonderful foundation garments! I confronted my fears with a little bit of self-administered CBT and the result has been a flooding of knits/jersey/lycra/stretch into the wardrobe. Most significantly has been the wrap dress - see no zips!
Believe me, this is the easiest, quickest, simplest wrap dress you'll ever make and it looks fabulous. No kidding: 30 minutes to cut out, 2 hours max to sew up - wear! And the best bit is you get to use hardware tools for the tie. Remember, I don't have an overlocker (serger) but I'd imagine if you have one you could make this dress in half the time. I cheated a little bit and didn't finish the seams on either of the dresses - there's no fraying with the knits.
The second version was the Christmas Day Dress. It's made of a finer knit and I sewed sparkles around the neckline and sleeve hems - yes, one at a time!
I attached a purchased trim (braid) and then alternated between sequins and beads. It was nice, relaxing - I felt like I worked at M. Lesage, Paris. If I get bored of the glitter bits I can easily remove them for a day-time look.
Here's me and Doris sharing a girly moment in our matching dresses. You can see the difference in the asymmetrical hemline here. I think that's what transforms this otherwise simple wrap into something else.
The dress is actually a part mock-wrap, in that the inside wrap is sewn to the inside side seam but the outside wrap is fixed through a hardware D-ring with a tie. It is surprisingly secure - a whole Christmas dinner and no adjustments were required.
However, I would say that the front of the dress is low! Some of you who have dress codes at work, or are a little modest, may need to wear a camisole or T-shirt underneath. When I wear the Plain Jane version I have a scarf around my neck secured with a brooch. I made some adjustments to the Suzy Sparkle one and raised the wrap up about 5cm (2"). Wearing a scarf would just be silly with this one, hiding all that hand work.
The shoes are from Irregular Choice, bought ages ago. If you're looking for something a bit different, then look here. They are my party shoes and only come out of the box for special occasions. Can you see the mummy swan and her cygnets on the side?
The heels are engraved perspex for extra sparkle.
Even the inside is gorgeous.
|A little nostalgic moment for us girls


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Thursday, August 7th Hollywood's Create Nightclub opened its doors to provide a trendy space for the 3rd Annual LUCKYRICE™ Asian cuisine festival
Sunday night's 2014 Fox Teen Choice Awards kicked off a few days early with extravagant gifting suites throughout Hollywood to prepare everyone's favorite teen idols for the big show
Over the weekend actress Holly Robinson Peete and The Peete Family celebrated fashion, music and philanthropy for their 16th Annual DesignCare in benefit of the HollyRod Foundation
It's that time of the year again where Universal CityWalk kicks off their summer's free "Music Spotlight Series" at 5 Towers concert venue
I couldn't believe what an amazing tradeshow it was for the world of fashion. Exhibitors, buyers and trendsetters came in and out of the three-day show to see the newest and coolest trends for up and coming seasons
Magic Market Week took Las Vegas by storm this past week with many memorable moments including hip hop icon Ice Cube's live performance at the number one night club in Las Vegas—Hakkasan at MGM Grand Hotel & Casino
In celebration of Dove's new Advance Care Anti-Perspirant Deodorant, the brand threw a Valentines Day event that included massages, manicures and Dove's signature "PitiCure"
Distinctive Assets brings another incredible year of swag for presenters and nominees of the 56th Annual Grammy Awards in Los Angeles, California
Rather than waiting in a long line and spending a fortune getting it fixed at the Apple store why not try an inexpensive alternative—iPhone Repair Los Angeles
The Swedish-American Chamber of Commerce of Los Angeles (SACC-LA) celebrated their 2013 Eliason Merit Awards at the W Hotel Hollywood
E-40 celebrated the release of his highly anticipated triple album effort titled "The Block Brochure Welcome to the Soil: Parts 4, 5 & 6
I noticed that Kristin Cavallari, former cast member of MTV The Hills Series and wife to Chicago Bears quarterback Jay Cutler, is making waves with her partnership with the brand
Hollywood came together for a worthy cause this past Thursday evening and it wasn't just for glitz and glamour. With endless news reports on gun violence in our own backyards it's time Hollywood speaks up and takes a stand against it
Ladies, if you are looking for a sportswear company that caters to your body comfortably then I'd recommend Ryka—"A Woman Only Sport Company"
The one stop luxury gifting soiree for the 2013 Emmy nominees and celebrity guests had to be Bellafortuna's Luxury Gifting Suite
It's 11:30pm at the Vinyl in Hard Rock's Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas and people are starting to assemble in front of the stage n anticipation of one of alternative rock's favorite angry girl-rockers, Courtney Love
The Connected Gifting Lounge for the Teen Choice Awards 2013 invaded Avalon Hollywood with gifts galore for the nominees, VIPs, and media!
CW's America's Next Top Model Celebrates Landmark Cycle 20 with a special screening party and fashion show walk-off Guys Vs. Girls in Los Angeles
Honoring the 2013 Teen Choice Awards Nominees and Presenters, Red Carpet Events LA debuted their luxury lifestyle Pre-Awards Gift Lounge
The California Latina State Pageant Committee was proud to announce that Adriana Michelle Davalos was selected as the official Title Holder of Miss Los Angeles Latina 2013
Members of the National Latina Business Women Association, Los Angeles Chapter (NLBWA-LA) came together Thursday June 28, 2013 at The Leonard H. Goldenson Theater to honor its 10th year anniversary with the NLBWA-LA Latinas in Business Awards
Eager professionals gathered at ROC in Santa Monica to learn from the brightest and most savvy business executives from LA's top tech companies, start up CEO's, accelerators, and VC's
One night out at an exclusive event in Downtown Los Angeles I discovered a rich and delicious tequila, Maya Tequila, made from organic hand-selected agave grown on a private estate
With summer time approaching I knew I was due for new hair. My girl friend Holli Starr referred me to her salon she worked at, Salon Beauty Bar, and I was treated to a cut and color by salon manager Niki Foy and hair colorist Frank Diaz
Known as the ultimate Hollywood glamour fashion designer, Sue Wong has just debuted "The Great Gatsby" Fall 2013 Collection with a 1920's inspired theme at her grand home The Cedars Hollywood
To celebrate a beautiful baby girl-to-be, High School Musical's KayCee Stroh had one glamorous baby shower
Designer of Rebellious Clothing Company, Alvin Ellie is taking new strides in the street wear industry as he presents a line of men and women skateboard and surf wear clothing that defines individuality
As Miss California Latina and Miss Teen California Latina State Director, Jennifer Rodriquez has the awesome responsibility of dealing with hundreds of Latinas across California seeking the opportunity of a lifetime
The World Record Gifting Suite spoiled lucky guests with over 52 brands gifted at Siren Studios in Hollywood Wednesday March 20, 2013
L.A.'s premium boutique, Brigade Los Angeles hit the runway capturing bold, beautiful, and brilliant designs
Adriana Michelle Davalos interviews the Los Angeles Lakers and their celebrity friends for Splash Magazines at the Lakers Casino Night 2013 presented by OneWest Bank and Pechanga Resort and Casino
On Monday, Febraury 11, 2013, the PGA Tour Wives Association hosted a Los Angeles party to celebrate the launch of the 25th anniversary commemorative book
On February 16, 2013, beauty queens from all around the world came together at Sheraton Universal Studios Hotel in support of "Date for a Cure" Gala benefiting Susan G. Komen Los Angeles County Affiliate
Distinctive Assets, the LA-based entertainment marketing company, produced the official gift bag and The Offical Grammy Gift Lounge presented by MTC
Kicking off Grammy weekend, YM & Associates celebrated in style with the ultimate Grammy Awards Gifting Suite Experience
On Wednesday, February 6, 2013, Café La Boheme -- world-renown for 5-star cuisine and stunning interior – once again opened its Tuscan country villa doors to kick-off the Oscar® party of the season
Over the weekend, talented actor, singer, stand-up comedian, and all-around stand up guy Jamie Foxx threw his Annual Summer Basketball Jam, at his home in West Lake Village, CA
WOW! Creations Lifestyle Emmy's Gifting Lounge started off Emmy week with a bang at the Penthouse of the Luxe Hotel on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills, celebrating the 2011 Emmy nominees
Host Adriana Davalos sits down with rising rap artist Bobby Brackins. Bobby Brackins has been heard all over the radio with songs such as "143" ft. Ray J, "A1" ft. Dev, and "180" ft. "Jeremih. Bobby Speaks about life, girls, and new song
The LPN (Latino Professional Network) and Trevino Enterprises hosted an exclusive VIP post reception following the 2008 ALMA Awards
I would like to state for the record that Mr. Jones is NOT the Hollywood Connection
The Palms Hotel and Spa defines beauty, sophistication, comfort, luxury, privacy, and fabulous customer service
The athletes and celebrity VIPs were invited to be gifted at the ESPN Magazine "ESPY Style Studio"
GBK brought in the tastemakers of Los Angeles
Luckily for me I was able to enjoy the entire concert in the Nivea Suite inside the Staples Center. Nivea providing an open bar and delicious catered sandwiches and snacks made the concert extremely enjoyable
Splash Mags WW Interview with Blake Carrington at The Key Club -BET Award Weekend - Host Adriana Davalos
Since 1982, Carolyne Barry and her workshops have been one of the most successful independent full training programs in Hollywood
I have finally found the answers to all our questions on how to start a successful career in acting. The answers lie in the book, Hit The Ground Running The First Years of Your Acting Career, written by Carolyne Barry
My MacBook looked absolutely beautiful! It was as if Mission Repair sent me a brand new MacBook. The new LCD screen was flawless and to see a clear view of my screen was a blessing
The first day of the 2008 Mercedes-Benz Los Angeles Fashion Week, Sheiki Collections stood out with its hard-rock look of rockin' tees, jeans, and dresses. Normally, when you think Sheiki, jeans are the first thing that comes to mind
Kevan Hall was the favored designer for the week and many celebrities including Rachel Griffiths, Dana Delany, Gina Torres, Tia Mowery and Garcelle Beauvais-Nilon were found in the front row
Hitting the West Coast, the "Queen of Curl" and author of Curl Talk, Ouidad celebrates the grand opening of her first official Los Angeles salon. Fully ready to style, hydrate, and nourish—Ouidad opens her new location in Santa Monica
The Gen Art 11th Annual Fresh Faces in Fashion kicked off on Friday, October 10, 2008 at 7pm featuring twelve of LA's most promising designers
Honoring the 81st Annual Academy Awards, Main Event Red Carpet Lounge & Green Suite presented an exclusive Giving/Gifting/Oscars Pampering Suite held at Studio 944
Where were all the nominees and presenters of the 2009 Academy Awards found during Oscar weekend? They were spotted at GBK Productions' gifting lounge 'Circus of The Senses' held at the SLS Hotel in Beverly Hills all weekend long
Bringing you eco-friendliness always, Alive! Expo Green Pavilion partnered up with MixMedia to present an Eco-Friendly Luxury Gifting Lounge for the 2009 Oscar week in Beverly Hills
Setting a different tone from the usual pre-Oscar gift suite, Jennifer Cantrell and Amanda Comito of Serendipity Entertainment Group hosted the "Diamond Suite" presented by Paolobongia Fine Jewels
2009 Oscar weekend was loaded with celebrity gifting all over Hollywood. Celebrities were cited in numerous places but the main event where anybody who is anybody was at the 2009 Oscar Haven Gift House in Beverly Hills, Ca
The Secret Room held an awesome Oscar Gift Suite to pamper the Nominees and Presenters of the 2009 Academy Awards. Held at the SLS Hotel in Los Angeles, CA
What a treat mommy, babies, and doggies had at The Silver Spoon's Dog & Baby Buffet over the weekend! Celebrity mothers and dog owners were on site at the luscious buffet gift suite held at the Hyatt Hotel in Century City, Ca.
Summer is officially here as Disneyland Park kicks off its sizzling Summer Nightastic with magical new shows and attractions from June 12 to August 23. Be sure to catch five all new and improved attractions for you and your family to enjoy!
It can be such a hassle to move your belongings from Northern California to Southern California or vise versa. Nobody wants to stress over how to get all his or her furniture, clothes, and precious items to a new location safe and sound
If your visiting Southern California and are looking to have tons of fun with family and friends, there's only one place you have to visit—The Entertainment Capital Of L.A. – Universal Studios Hollywood!
Located right across from Disneyland Park Anaheim sits Disney's California Adventure Park packed with fun filled attractions celebrating California's storied past and exciting future
If you're heading out to Southern California for business or pleasure I would like to recommend the Sheraton Universal Hotel right in the middle of Universal City. The Sheraton Universal is the perfect place to reside for work or pleasure during your visit
America's first theme park since 1920, Knott's Berry Farm, is one of Southern California's greatest attractions! My family and I had the chance to visit the theme park for my brother's twentieth birthday and we had a wonderful time!
If you're visiting Hollywood, California and need a convenient, comfortable place to stay, the Best Western Sunset Plaza Hotel is in the perfect location for business or pleasure
The Country Inn & Suites Bradley Park by Carlson is the perfect place to reside when you're in Columbus, Georgia. When I approached the hotel in my taxi, I couldn't help but to think, "Wow, this place looks so comfortable and cozy!"
Our Travel & Leisure team has some great gift ideas for Mom this Mother's Day
Returning to the London Hotel once again, the 2011 Alive! Expo Green Pavilion & Mix Media Luxury Lounge provided luxurious eco friendly gifts to celebrate the 83rd Annual Academy Awards
The 83rd Academy Award weekend was in full effect this past weekend and you better believe the presenters and nominees were seen out and about. The nominees were spotted at the HAVEN360 Lifestyle Lounge at the Andaz Hotel in Los Angeles
Richie Sambora and Nikki Lund debuted their White Trash Beautiful line during the busy Los Angeles Fashion Week. Not only did they debut the line, Sambora introduced his 12 year old daughter, Ava, to world of fashion
A one stop shop, from fashion to sex, for anyone looking to live out all their fantasies
Michael Muhney (pronounced mew-knee) of CBS's "The Young and the Restless" hosts the 5K/10K Charity Run on Sunday, October 31, 2010 at the Veteran's Administration Grounds in Los Angeles,
There's nothing like being amongst beautiful people, poolside with a drink in your hand, rockin' out to bangin' music by great Deejays. You can't beat it
It has finally come the finale where Margolis has to make her decision who she feels will be her match made in heaven
Taking over the entire site of downtown LA's Westin Bonaventure Hotel, Giant Maximus celebrated the biggest and the best 21 and over NYE in town
Children and families of Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA were brought to smiles at the Annual Holiday Party at Madame Tussauds Hollywood. The children were able to enjoy live music, great dinner, and fun times
Playhouse Hollywood intends to bring families, friends and individuals together for Thanksgiving with a charitable donation of 250 turkeys
Fashion supports political issues as LA's Revenge Is… "All Love Is Equal" tees at Kitson Melrose have been designed for the purpose of marriage equality in California
On October 9, 2009 supperclub, the globally renowned restaurant brand, held it's groundbreaking ceremony of its first Los Angeles location and second American outpost
Playhouse is fun, sexy, entertaining, and nothing like any other venue in Hollywood
Secret Room Events brings the "Think Pink" 2009 Emmy Awards Style Lounge to the SLS Hotel
I attended the Sunset Strip Music Festival and let me tell you… it was amazing! When I heard about it, I thought to myself, "You gotta' be kidding me?" No they weren't kidding. The line up for SSMF was a dream come true
Everybody has their favorite day of the week. My favorite day of the week is Sunday because it's time for The Pagoda Bar: Summer Sunset Pool Soiree
Entertainment icon and entrepreneur Chris "Ludacris" Bridges and Timothy Durham, President of National Lampoon, teamed up with Lash Fary of Distinctive Assets to top the summer with an amazing poolside afternoon bash at a Malibu mansion
If you haven't heard of all the buzz around Hollywood about Minx Nails you're probably hiding under a rock. Minx Nails is the hottest nail trend in tinsel town!
July 29, 2009 – Behind the Big Air Benefit Kicked Off X Games 15 with an exclusive VIP meet and greets with X Games athletes in support of The V Foundation for Cancer Research and STAPLES Center Foundation
Celebrating the world's most beautiful women of the year, Maxim's decade of it's Hot 100 gathered everybody in Hollywood at the Santa Monica Air Center for Maxim's big bash
If you're looking for entertainment for your club, party, or event—Sparkle's Angels is the company you need! Sparkle's Angels are fun and sexy Shot Girls who can bring your event to life and send your guests home with lasting memories
ASCAP celebrated its 26th Annual ASCAP Pop Music Awards with over 600 songwriters, recording artist, industry leaders, and members of the music community in attendance
If you are thinking about finding a skill to acquire that can last you a lifetime and make you great money, consider becoming a bartender!
Holy cow! Melanie Segal and Platinum Publicity threw an incredible celebrity gift lounge for the 2009 Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards! We are talking about great gifts, tons of fun, and delicious sweet treats for celebrities
Club Cinespace presents all new "Celebrity Thursdays" in Hollywood, Ca. The host of the evening was Hip-Hop and R&B singer and Grammy Nominee—Colby O' Donis
Hip Hop fans were in for a real thrill as Grammy Winning artists stepped on stage for the Hip Hop 101 Music & Arts Festival in celebration of Black History Month
What do women really want in a nail polish? Women want great colors, a quick dry, and a quality polish all wrapped in one. Let me introduce you to a line that gives us women exactly what we are looking for—Superstar Nail Lacquer
Holding its 4th annual GBK Golden Globes Gift Suite honoring the 2009 Golden Globes Nominees and Presenters, the suite took place at the 9900 Club in Beverly Hills, Ca.
This year a very special touch was added to a particular float. The " Garden Of Oz" Rose Parade float strutted its stuff proving to be the gracious winner of the Fantasy Trophy with the help of a featured rose that had traveled to outer space
Glenn Deneve of the Cristophe Salon hosted an evening of Glamour, Gifting, and Giving Back to help raise money and awareness for the Children of the Night Foundation
The 2008 Spike Video Game Awards took place at the Sony Studios in Culver City presented by Distinctive Assets
Lady Gaga sure knows how to put on a show with high energy, great talent, and one hell of an attitude! As she performed her internationally known hit single "Just Dance," featuring Colby O' Donis, the crowd went absolutely wild!
"I went to Morocco… with Allen Ginsberg in my satchel and Bob Dylan in my ears. Met Alessandro and embarked on a romantic adventure… Safari in Africa and sunsets in Greece." – Whitley Kros
You're out walking your dog when a drunk driver loses control of his vehicle. You're hit… sorry, you're dead. Your dog escapes with his life – untouched, merely a silent witness.
Fashion Week is in gear, kicking it off in style, YMI Jeans celebrated their 5th Annual Fashion Show & After-Party at The Music Box Theatre—hosted by Aimee Teegarden of "Friday Night Lights"
Making romantic ghost story movies is a bit tricky calling for charming performances, a light touch, and an inspired imagination all of which are missing from the disappointingly bland and boring romantic comedy
With gift suites all over Hollywood, Melanie Segal's 2008 Emmy Award Gift House was the place to be to get some awesome celebrity gifting! Presented by Platinum Publicity, located in West Hollywood in a private multistory house
Honoring the 2008 Emmy nominees, presenters, and past winners, Debbie Durkin's Main Event Red Carpet Lounge and Green Suite presented the Celebrity Green Gifting Chateau
The 2008 Emmy's gift suite week produced quite a stir for celebrities all over tinsel town. One of their favorite suites of the week was undoubtedly the Alive! Expo Green Pavilion Emmy Suite
Oceans pals George Clooney and Brad Pitt are horsing around again, and often seem to be having a better time making movies than the audience could possibly have watching them
What may be tense or exciting for the person playing the game isn't nearly as diverting for the audience sitting in the theater watching a bunch of cards being dealt
Wanted taps into an age-old narrative fantasy of empowerment – from Jesus to Harry Potter, some average Joe suddenly discovers special powers he has to learn to control
The film is sprawled in 1980 over various parts of South Texas. Out hunting one day, Llweyln Moss comes across a drug deal gone horribly wrong
Even though the media provides information of all kinds, right or wrong, the media was correct about The Dark Knight, it is a movie that will provoke thought and entertain you long having left the theater
I have three adorable dogs that are loving to just about anyone. The only problem is when they come across stranger. They tend to bark a bit too much
On Friday, September 6th as part of the MTV Video Music Awards weekend celebration, RunWay Magazine, a local Los Angeles publication, hosted a premier fashion show to kickoff the VMA's
You know, the type of live show that makes you come to the realization why live music is incomparable as far as entertainment goes. Once Crosby Loggins has finished his first song at the Music Box, he warmed the audience up for a great night
After listening to the album, it's apparent that Michael James' powerful storytelling is one of his top characteristics
Unleashing 25 years of music and mayhem, MTV kicked off the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards with The Official VMA Kickoff Party presented by TAG Records
KIIS-FM's Celebrity Thursdays, JJ Entertainment, ADMP, Inc, Usual Suspects LA & AMERICAN CHRISTMAS present to you "IDOLS Christmas in August"
The private show featured paintings and portraits by two fabulous women: Phyllis Diller and Henry Garfunkel
I love my new Drift! It has been definitely created for my 21st generation. Any teen or young adult would have a blast with their HELIO with all the up to date features, its impossible to forget it at home
Las Rocas: Resort and Spa sits on an oceanfront cliff beautifully overlooking the Pacific Ocean. It is the perfect place for an in need of a relaxation getaway.


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Dry-running and corrosion-resistant
Resistant to dust and dirt
High mechanical stability
Vibration dampening
Compensation of misalignment and deflections
Easy installation
Longer life
После того, как Вы введете почтовый индекс, мы сразу же назовем Вам контактного сотрудника, в соответствии с Вашим запросом.
Especially in agricultural applications, you need solutions that can stand up to rough conditions, such as dirt, dust, heat, shock and edge loads. igus® makes this possible with its energy chains and plastic bearings that are characterised by their outstanding resilience and long service life. These products are used for instance in tractors, disc harrows, fertilisers, hay rakes, field sprayers, seed drills and other agricultural equipment. In many applications, metallic bushings or recirculating ball bearing guides can be replaced by lubrication free polymer plain bearings. We would like to show you how to improve your technology and save costs at the same time.
Dry-running and corrosion-resistant
Resistant to dust and dirt
High mechanical stability
Vibration dampening
Compensation of misalignment and deflections
Easy installation
Longer life
Dirt-resistant iglidur® plain bearings for agricultural machinery
You are interested in our products for agricultural machines, but would like to see them yourself first before making a final decision?Then you are welcome to order the free sample box for agricultural machinery.
For heavy duty applications
Resistant to edge loads
Temperature resistant up to +140°C in continuous operation
Extremely long service life under extreme conditions
For extreme loads
High thermal resistance
Corrosion resistance
Maintenance-free and self-lubricating
Chemical resistance
Lightweight and quiet operation
Simple installation and maintenance-free
Fast assembly
High strength and quiet operation.
Various fastening options
Individual solutions are just as much part of the igus® product range as standard parts. Our experts match the choice of the manufacturing process and the component material precisely to your needs. The right material for your purposes is selected from a wide range of wear-resistant and maintenance-free high-performance polymers.
Lubrication-free plain bearings in the pivot load test with a maximum load of 500 kg.
8 times longer service life in agricultural machinery by the use of wear-resistant plastic plain beaings.
igus replacement parts designed for guidance, transfer and bearing support on telescopic elevated work platforms, such as energy chains and cables as well as plastic plain bearings, linear bearings or sliding plates meet the stringent requirements for components that are subjected to continuous stress in outdoor applications.
Due to their FDA-conformity, resistance to dirt, non-corroding qualities and absence of a need for maintenance igus products are able to satisfy the high requirements placed on them in the area of vertical agriculture. Our Low Cost Automation systems enable cost-effective farming throughout the year and a fast return on investment.
Vibration dampening and load-bearing clevis joints used in a fertiliser spreader AXIS 50.1 W. Realised to date: more than 10 years of service life at a temperature of -20°C and a block load of 4,000 N.
This disc harrow can easily be adapted to any width. The drylin® R liner used in the sliding bearing of the disc harrow is maintenance-free, precise, durable and very load-bearing, thus guaranteeing a long service life.
Maintenance-free and resistant to dust and dirt, the iglidur® G plain bearings are used in bale trimming machines of the company Optimal-Vetrieb Opitz GmbH.
The company igus® has been successfully collaborating with the company Lemken, since 2008. Numerous devices from Lemken are equipped with igus® plain bearings, among others, the cultivator Karat 9
The iglidur® Z plain bearing used in this planting machine was more cost-effective than the use of an axial bearing and is also dust-resistant, moisture-resistant and lubrication-free.
The company Agrobot based in Spain uses the igus® easy chain® energy chains for this harvester, which are maintenance-free and cost-effective.
iglidur® J bearings in mirror adjustment mechanisms2
drylin® W guide carriages in motor adjustment mechanisms3
drylin® W linear guides in backrest adjustment mechanisms4
iglidur® G bearings in steering columns5
triflex® 3D e-chain® in controls6
igubal® double joints in hydraulic valve connections7
drylin® W linear guides in backrest adjustment mechanisms8
drylin® W linear guides in armrest adjustment mechanisms9
E2 energy chain and chainflex® cables in seat adjustment mechanisms
One of the most common causes of failure and downtime in agricultural machinery lies in the wear of the shafts and bearings. You can learn in our white paper how you can avoid this problem with our lubrication-free plain bearings and increase the service life of shafts and plain bearings.
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