text:
" ... what the editor would prefer is preferable."
Joe Stalin was an editor...and a literary critic. You don't usually think of him that way, but it makes sense when you do. Stalin revised everything from textbooks to treaties, from film scripts to death warrants. Uncle Joe, as we affectionately know him (har har) was also an art critic. He was, of course, also editor of Pravda for a bit.
He also edited history and he also edited people, if you know what I mean.
Stalin always, like almost all editors, just knew that he KNEW best...and he made it so.
Stalin the critic, Stalin the editor, Stalin the State Capitalist dictatorial S.O.B.
Stalin...who needs him.
I leave you with this little quote from Jack Kerouac:
If critics say your work stinks it's because they want it to
stink and they can make it stink by scaring you into
conformity with their comfortable little standards. Standards
so low that they can no longer be considered "dangerous" but
set in place in their compartmental understandings.
Thus Stalin, thus Stalinism.
Fortunately, Scission never needs editing....
The following for Scission's Cultural Monday is a serious article from the Chronicle of Higher Education. This could be satire, but it isn't.
The Tyrant as Editor
Joseph Djugashvili was a student in a theological seminary when he came across the writings of Vladimir Lenin and decided to become a Bolshevik revolutionary. Thereafter, in addition to blowing things up, robbing banks, and organizing strikes, he became an editor, working at two papers in Baku and then as editor of the first Bolshevik daily, Pravda. Lenin admired Djugashvili's editing; Djugashvili admired Lenin, and rejected 47 articles he submitted to Pravda.
Djugashvili (later Stalin) was a ruthless person, and a serious editor. The Soviet historian Mikhail Gefter has written about coming across a manuscript on the German statesman Otto von Bismarck edited by Stalin's own hand. The marked-up copy dated from 1940, when the Soviet Union was allied with Nazi Germany. Knowing that Stalin had been responsible for so much death and suffering, Gefter searched "for traces of those horrible things in the book." He found none. What he saw instead was "reasonable editing, pointing to quite a good taste and an understanding of history."
Stalin had also made a surprising change in the manuscript. In the conclusion, the author closed with a warning to the Germans lest they renege on the alliance and attack Russia. Stalin cut it. When the author objected, pleading that the warning was the whole point of the book, Stalin replied, "But why are you scaring them? Let them try. ..." And indeed they did, costing more than 30 million lives—most of them Soviet. But the glory was Stalin's in the end.
The editor is the unseen hand with the power to change meaning and message, even the course of history. Back when copy-proofs were still manually cut, pasted, and photographed before printing, a blue pencil was the instrument of choice for editors because blue was not visible when photographed. The editorial intervention was invisible by design.
Stalin always seemed to have a blue pencil on hand, and many of the ways he used it stand in direct contrast to common assumptions about his person and thoughts. He edited ideology out or played it down, cut references to himself and his achievements, and even exhibited flexibility of mind, reversing some of his own prior edits.
So while Stalin's voice rang in every ear, his portrait hung in every office and factory, and bobbed in every choreographed parade, the Stalin behind the blue pencil remained invisible. What's more, he allowed very few details of his private life to become public knowledge, leading the Stalin biographer Robert Service to comment on the remarkable "austerity" of the "Stalin cult."
But we should not confuse Stalin's self-effacement with modesty. Though we tend to associate invisibility with the meek, there is a flip side that the graffiti artist Banksy understands better than most: "invisibility is a superpower."
For Stalin, editing was a passion that extended well beyond the realm of published texts. Traces of his blue pencil can be seen on memoranda and speeches of high-ranking party officials ("against whom is this thesis directed?") and on comic caricatures sketched by members of his inner circle during their endless nocturnal meetings ("Correct!" or "Show all members of the Politburo"). During the German siege of Stalingrad (1942-43), he encircled the city from the west with his blue pencil on a large wall map in the Kremlin, and, in the summer of 1944, he redrew the borders of Poland in blue. At a meeting with Winston Churchill a few months later, the British prime minister watched as Stalin "took his blue pencil and made a large tick" indicating his approval of the "percentages agreement" for the division of Europe into Western and Soviet spheres of influence after the war.
The few who visited the Soviet leader in his Kremlin study mention the blue pencil in their memoirs. Georgy Zhukov, commander of the Soviet military during World War II, observed that "Stalin usually made notes in blue pencil and he wrote very fast, in a bold hand, and legibly." The Yugoslav Communist Milovan Ðilas was surprised to find that Stalin was not the calm, self-assured man he knew from photographs and newsreels:
He was not quiet a moment. He toyed with his pipe ... or drew circles with a blue pencil around words indicating the main subjects for discussion, which he then crossed out with slanting lines as each part of the discussion was nearing an end, and he kept turning his head this way and that while he fidgeted in his seat.
The Stanford historian Norman Naimark describes the marks left by Stalin's pencil as "greasy" and "thick and pasty." He notes that Stalin edited "virtually every internal document of importance," and the scope of what he considered internal and important was very broad. Editing a biologist's speech for an international conference in 1948, Stalin used an array of colored pencils—red, green, blue—to strip the talk of references to "Soviet" science and "bourgeois" philosophy. He also crossed out an entire page on how science is "class-oriented by its very nature" and wrote in the margin "Ha-ha-ha!!! And what about mathematics? And what about Darwinism?"
Stalin excised people—indeed whole peoples—out of the manuscript of worldly existence.
Even when not wielding his blue pencil, Stalin's editorial zeal was all-consuming. He excised people—indeed whole peoples—out of the manuscript of worldly existence, had them vanished from photographs and lexicons, changed their words and the meanings of their words, edited conversations as they happened, backing his interlocutors into more desirable (to him) formulations. "The Poles have been visiting here," he told the former Comintern chief Georgi Dimitrov in 1948. "I ask them: What do you think of Dimitrov's statement? They say: A good thing. And I tell them that it isn't a good thing. Then they reply that they, too, think it isn't a good thing."
All editors, wrote the cultural historian Jacques Barzun, "show a common bias: ... what the editor would prefer is preferable." Being an author is well and good, and Stalin wrote several books—the word "author" does after all share a root with the word "authority"—but he knew that editing was a higher power. Naimark argues that editing is as much a part of Stalinist ideology as anything he said or wrote. This insight warrants amplification. Under Stalinism, anyone could speak or write, but since Stalin was the supreme gatekeeper of the censorship hierarchy and the gulag system, the power to edit was power itself.
Published in 1938, The Short Course on the History of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) is one of the most famous ideological works of the last century. As the historian Walter Laqueur writes in his memoirs, "Every Communist had to read it at the time; it was quoted in every article, translated into every language; the total circulation was in the tens of millions." The story of how it came into being reveals much about the power of writers and editors, and about Stalin's otherwise inscrutable editorial persona.
A new edition of the Short Course edited by the historians David Brandenberger and Mikhail Zelenov is forthcoming from Yale University Press under the title Stalin's Catechism: A Critical Edition of the Short Course on the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It shows many of the revisions Stalin made to the work along with a detailed production and reception history. The book promises to be a revelation, for it will make Stalin the editor starkly visible.
The Soviet Union was in existence for almost 20 years before its ruling party had an official history. While entire brigades of historians (and they were called brigades) had been at work since the 1917 revolution, Stalin did not approve of their efforts. In 1931 he dissed them in a speech as "archive rats" who had failed to pull together a compelling narrative of the party's achievements.
That was before the purge.
In 1934 a high-ranking member of the Communist Party, Sergei Kirov, was assassinated. His death, likely orchestrated by Stalin himself, was used to initiate a mass persecution that would result in over a million imprisoned and hundreds of thousands killed. Among the targets were members of the party's bureaucratic elite. They were interrogated, tortured, and forced to give public confessions before being shot in the back of the head.
It's difficult to write a compelling history without a stable cast of characters. No author could keep up with all the deletions. ("The editor's secret weapon," writes the author and book editor Harriet Rubin, "is the delete button.") In spite of all this, or perhaps because of it, Stalin was assured by Kirov's replacement in the party hierarchy that "a whole collective farm" of historians was at work on an official history. Two men—Yemelyan Yaroslavsky and Pyotr Pospelov—led the team. Together they produced an 800-page typescript, which they presented to Stalin late in 1937. His initial response will be familiar to anyone who has worked with an editor: "Make it twice as short." They did: with great difficulty, in record time, and without complaint.
When Stalin received the pared-down manuscript, he still was not pleased: "No 'collective farm' will ever be able to get this right," he fumed, and began to rewrite it himself. All this took place during the Third Moscow Trial, in which Nikolai Bukharin, a high-ranking Bolshevik and Stalin's former supporter, was accused of participating in a broad conspiracy to take down the Soviet regime. The trial ended with Bukharin's "final plea"—the confession that inspired Arthur Koestler's 1940 novel Darkness at Noon—and execution. In extensive marginal notes on the draft Short Course, Stalin instructed the authors to ratchet up the aura of conspiracy threatening both party and state from inside and out. The purge was history in the making.
Revise, resubmit.
But Stalin was still not satisfied. In the next round of substantial edits, he used his blue pencil to mute the conspiracy he had previously pushed the authors to amplify (italics indicate an insertion):
The Soviet people
unanimouslyapproved the
court's verdict—the verdict of the peopleannihilation of the Bukharin-Trotsky gang and passed on to next business.
The Soviet land was thus purged of a dangerous gang of heinous and insidious enemies of the people, whose monstrous villainies surpassed all of the darkest crimes and most vile treason of all times and all peoples.
The reversal makes sense in light of Stalin's other changes in the manuscript, mostly deletions. (Yaroslavsky: "Never in my life have I seen such editing.") He cut the cast of characters by half, diminishing the significance of both heroes and villains: "What do exemplary individuals really give us?" he wondered. "It's ideas that really matter, not individuals." As if to offer the ultimate confirmation of this claim, he cut most references to himself.
These colossal achievements were attained ... thanks to the bold, revolutionary and wise policy of
Comrade Stalinthe Party and the Government.
Yaroslavsky protested Stalin's self-excisions. "This is of course an illustration of your great modesty," he wrote to the general secretary, "which is a wonderful trait for any Bolshevik to have. But you belong to history and your participation in the party's construction must be fully depicted." Stalin didn't budge.
Stalin's blue pencil was an instrument he used to transform himself into an idea and, ultimately, an ideology. Of Marx had come Marxism, out of Lenin Leninism; such was the mise-en-scène within which Stalin—through his tireless revisions—was becoming Stalinism. Writing about Soviet memoirs of the Stalinist period and after, Irina Paperno, a Slavicist at the University of California at Berkeley, notes that the editor "is not a real person or persons, but a function, or persona." In his biography of Stalin from 1936, Henri Barbusse wrote: "Stalin is the Lenin of today." He meant that Stalin had effectively become a persona, an idea that transcended the person. It was a compliment. And others felt its force. Before meeting him in 1943, Ðilas imagined the Soviet leader as a "pure idea, ... something infallible and sinless."
Stalin's victims in the Great Purge were called "revisionists." No one may edit the editor.
Of the 12 chapters of the Short Course, Stalin wrote to its authors after receiving the manuscript, "it turned out to be necessary to fundamentally revise 11 of them." His was a near total revision. Marxism-Leninism—and therefore also Stalinism as presented by theShort Course—was born of what Hannah Arendt called "the refusal to view or accept anything 'as it is' and ... the consistent interpretation of everything as being only a stage of some further development." It represented a shift toward seeing the world with the eye of an editor. Literally. As Jonathan Sperber notes in his recent book, Karl Marx: A Nineteenth-Century Life, Marx's career as an editor was "always one of his chief forms of political activism."
There were those—most notably his supreme antagonist, Leon Trotsky—who claimed that Stalin was an ideological bumbler, "absolutely incapable of theoretical, that is, of abstract thought." Stalinism was nothing but a self-serving revision of both past and future, Trotsky wrote in 1930, crafted "to justify zigzags after the event, to conceal yesterday's mistakes and consequently to prepare tomorrow's." While Trotsky was right that Stalin's ideas were largely corrections, edits of an existing model, he was wrong to assume that theory is something inherently pure, a new birth as yet untainted by revision. Stalin's obsessive editing of the socialist project was his ideology, a manifestation of the idea that the final draft of history could be just one edit away.
"We still lack a satisfactory theory of Stalinism," writes Slavoj Žižek. Perhaps such a theory, when it comes, should take Stalin's editorial mania seriously, not merely as a personal tic, but as a way of seeing the world and understanding history.
Following publication of the Short Course, which gave the author as "A commission of the ACP(b) Central Committee," Stalin explained: "We were presented with ... a draft text and we fundamentally revised it." The Soviet leader's deployment of the "royal we" suggests that he suffered from what Koestler called the "shamefacedness about the first person singular which the Party had inculcated in its disciples." (Once a young department head—and Stalin's future son-in-law—dared to speak for the party "in his own name." "Ha-ha-ha!" pronounced the greasy pencil. "Nonsense!" and "Get out!")
His primary addition to the Short Course was a long section on the philosophy of dialectical materialism, which Marx (and Engels), Lenin, and Stalin all saw as the principle underlying reality. Stalin cited Lenin: "In its proper meaning ... dialectics is the study of the contradictionwithin the very essence of things." One such contradiction lies at the heart of Marxism-Leninism's editorial drive, for despite its "refusal to view or accept anything 'as it is,'" Marxism-Leninism—and above all Stalinism—forever chases the objectively perfect edit, the one that bears no further revision; history's final draft. As Stalin wrote in the Short Course, "Hence Socialism is converted from a dream of a better future for humanity into a science." The desire to put an end to the otherwise interminable editorial process is perhaps why Stalin's victims in the Great Purge—the presumed worst enemies of Marxism-Leninism—were called "revisionists." No one may edit the editor.
But the revision continues, exposing a fatal flaw in the editorial spirit of the modern age that renders the almighty editor impotent in the end. Friedrich Nietzsche described it this way in his Untimely Meditations(1876):
They clap their extinguishers over the wittiest text, they smear their thick brushstrokes over the most charming drawing, all of these interventions are meant to be viewed as 'corrections.' ... But their critical pens never cease flowing, for they have lost the power over them and are being led by them rather than leading them. It is precisely in this excessiveness of their critical outpourings, in the lack of control over themselves, in what the Romans called impotentia, that the weakness of the modern personality betrays itself.
The afterlife of the Short Course confirms Nietzsche's critique, for the editorial mania unleashed by Stalin consumed his own legacy.
Once it was published, some party cadres complained that the Short Course was too obtuse. Where were the heroes, where was the Soviet motherland, indeed where was Stalin? Stalin reacted to such criticisms with irritation and launched a radical overhaul of the Soviet educational system to encourage self-study of the text rather than leaving it for underqualified instructors to discuss in classrooms and reading circles. Readers should approach the Short Course the way Luther meant the laity to approach the Bible: absent the middleman.
But it didn't work. Within little over a year, the old networks of study circles and ad hoc courses re-emerged, "complemented," Brandenberger and Zelenov write in their forthcoming edition, "by dozens of improvised auxiliary texts and readers published in the provinces," all for the purpose of illuminating the Short Course. This grass-roots revision of Stalin's plan meant the return of heroes to the story of the party's evolution, and a tenacious clinging to the Stalin personality cult.
The second, still more brazen revision came after Stalin's death. At the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, in February of 1956, Stalin's successor, Nikita Khrushchev, submitted his own radical edit of Stalin's legacy. In his "Secret Speech"—perhaps the most famous, if not the only example of a head of state reflecting explicitly on editorial practice—he condemned Stalin's hubris and cruelty, taking aim at Stalin the editor: "Comrades ... it is impermissible and foreign to the spirit of Marxism-Leninism to elevate one person, to transform him into a superman possessing supernatural characteristics, akin to those of a god. Such a man supposedly knows everything, sees everything, thinks for everyone, can do anything, is infallible in his behavior," Khrushchev began. "Who did this? Stalin himself, not in his role as a strategist, but in the role of an author-editor."
There followed a bitter condemnation of the Short Course, during which Khrushchev pulled a Stalin, backing the dead leader into a position at odds with the facts:
Does this book correctly depict the party's efforts in the socialist transformation of our country? ... No—the book speaks principally about Stalin, about his speeches and about his reports. Everything is tied to his name without the smallest exception. And when Stalin himself claimed that he wrote The Short Course on the History of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), this arouses nothing less than indignation. Can a Marxist-Leninist really write about himself in such a way, praising himself to the skies?
He who lives by the blue pencil must know that history is subject to revision.
Holly Case is an associate professor of history at Cornell University.


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Members of the 'new bands,' many of whom are ex-paras. (Photo: El Tiempo)
El Tiempo published this big report Sunday about the emergence of 'nuevas bandas' - criminal bands composed of ex-members of supposedly demobilized paramilitary organizations.
According to the newspaper, these new criminal organizations have displaced more peasants than the FARC and ELN guerrillas, as well as carried out more violent attacks than both guerrilla groups combined.
For some reason, I don't feel surprised. According to lots of reports, the paramilitary demobilization was a sham, and the groups continued operating in many remote regions. How could it be different? The paramilitary leaders generally entered into negotiations with the government only because they expected to receive a short, comfortable 'detention' and then retire comfortably on their ill-gotten millions. (In fact, many of them are instead in U.S. prisons, but their organizations continue.)
|A narco-submarine (Photo: El Tiempo)
The new bands, however, seem to lack the paramilitaries' pseudo-fascist political ideology.
By Mike Ceaser, of Bogotá Bike Tours


text:
Howard Monroe reports.
University of Pennsylvania Volleyball Season Canceled After Vulgar Posters Found In Locker Room
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So I am sitting here in the Tokyo airport lounge thinking about my recent travels and I really want to record everything that I did on this trip in my blog, however, history has shown that I have failed on that many times. (e.g. China trip last year, Yosemite Trip, Iceland trip, and etc…) So I will try to do something different this time. My goal for this trip is not to post date my posts, but to talk about a day on my trip as I have time. Maybe this way I can actually get some of our (Vicky and Min's) travel on paper.
So let's begin, So as I stated earlier, I am currently at the end of this in Tokyo. The trip started from Seattle, to Beijing, then to Tokyo. In Tokyo, we stayed mostly inside the city however, we did travel outside to Endoshima and Kamakura area for a short day trip.
The food for the last few days has been amazing. Especially, the sushi and sashimi, just amazing. We were very fortunate to have few sunny days and few museum days (rainy). Today of course, our departing day is rainy. We statyed in Shinjuku and travelled around by walking, trains, and subways. So I will go more into that in my next post.


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Reds top Cards to stay in hunt for No. 1 slot
Once again, the St. Louis Cardinals gazed at the big-screen TVs, hoping for a little help. Unlike the previous night, there weren't any plans for a late-night victory party.
"I'm sending them home," rookie manager Mike Matheny said after a 3-1 loss to the Cincinnati Reds on Tuesday kept St. Louis' postseason plans on hold for a few hours. "They need to get some rest."
Almost everybody stayed put, though, and Matheny said the players who left were back in the clubhouse well before the Cardinals learned they'd be headed back to the playoffs to defend their World Series championship.
Reporters were not allowed into the victory celebration, but loud cheering could be heard beyond the locked door just outside the clubhouse.
"I think they realized how special this is," Matheny said. "You can't take these for granted. We were talking about it being kind of subdued and it was, but they're still proud. And had every right to be."
St. Louis clinched baseball's final postseason berth early Wednesday when the Los Angeles Dodgers lost 4-3 to San Francisco. After wrapping up the second National League wild card, the Cardinals will play at Atlanta on Friday in the new one-game playoff.
"It's a great feeling. It's a wonderful accomplishment," general manager John Mozeliak said. "I couldn't be more proud of these guys and especially Mike Matheny for what he was able to do with his leadership."
Matheny said Kyle Lohse (16-3, 2.86 ERA) will start against the Braves.
"What is there not to like about him? I mean, what more can he do?" Matheny said. "It's kind of lined up that way, and we've had that in line for a while."
The loss left the Dodgers two games behind St. Louis with one to go.
Cardinals players stayed in the clubhouse after beating the Reds on Monday night to watch the Dodgers edge the Giants, trudging home after midnight when Los Angeles snapped a ninth-inning tie to win.
One night later, St. Louis got in with some help from the Giants.
For their part, the NL Central champion Reds did their best to keep the Cardinals down.
"All they need is a chance," said Jay Bruce, who had an RBI single in the sixth Tuesday. "We saw that last year. They got in and they made the best out of it, literally made the best out of it. They won the World Series."
Mat Latos won his fourth straight decision to finish the regular season, and Scott Rolen homered off Chris Carpenter.
Cincinnati remained tied with Washington for the league's best record. The Reds need a win Wednesday and a Nationals loss to earn home-field advantage throughout the postseason.
"We don't know if it's going to be advantageous to get first, second or third, or the wild card," manager Dusty Baker said. "Right now, this is all new.
"All of us, same in the American League as in our league, we all have to start on the road."
The 37-year-old Carpenter (0-2) has a wealth of big-game experience and went 4-0 in the postseason last fall for the World Series champions, memorably outdueling Philadelphia ace Roy Halladay in Game 5 of the NL Division Series.
Injured most of this season, Carpenter made just his third start of the year and gave up a pair of runs in the sixth to snap a 1-all tie. Bruce and Dioner Navarro had RBIs.
"I've said all along this is like my third spring training start in a key situation," Carpenter said. "I'm concerned about the stuff and the sharpness, and tonight it was better than the last time.
"So, hopefully I get another shot."
Despite the loss, the Cardinals are 11-4 in their past 15 games. Now they can hold back Adam Wainwright (14-13, 3.94 ERA), who had been set to pitch the regular-season finale against Homer Bailey (13-10, 3.75), who is coming off a no-hitter at Pittsburgh.
Prized rookie Shelby Miller will get his first career start in place of Wainwright.
"It's every pitcher's dream to pitch in the big moment," Wainwright said.
Latos (14-4) had an abbreviated appearance while freshening up for the postseason and, like teammate Bronson Arroyo a day earlier, worked five innings and threw fewer than 75 pitches. Latos allowed a run on four hits with four strikeouts, all in a span of four at-bats against the bottom of the St. Louis lineup.
The 24-year-old Latos was 4-0 with a 2.27 ERA over his last seven starts, and set career highs in starts (34) and innings (209 1/3).
"Pitching against a team like them, they're aggressive, they know what they're doing," Latos said. "A great hitting ballclub. To give up one run in five innings is doing pretty well."
With what was left of an announced crowd of 39,644 standing and hooting, Aroldis Chapman worked the ninth for his 38th save in 43 chances. He has allowed just one hit in four scoreless appearances covering four innings since returning Sept. 21 from a nine-game absence due to shoulder fatigue.
Carpenter gave up three runs and seven hits in six innings while losing for the fifth time in 19 career decisions against Cincinnati. He had seven strikeouts, two more than his total for the first two starts over 11 innings.
The Cardinals stranded two runners in the second and third against Latos, and had two on with one out in the seventh before Sean Marshall got pinch hitter Shane Robinson to fly out and Jon Jay on a broken-bat groundout.
Rolen, batting .247 but hitting at a .301 clip since the All-Star break, tied it in the fourth when he jumped on a first-pitch hanging breaking ball for his eighth homer.
Baker played for keeps in the early going. He brought the infield in with a runner on third and one out in the first for Matt Holliday, who hit a sacrifice fly, then intentionally walked eighth-place hitter Pete Kozma with two outs and a man on third in the second inning to get to Carpenter, who grounded out sharply to third.


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Funding in the Rosenfield Program
Funding in the Rosenfield Program
Event Funding
Requests for fall semester programming are due by October 1, 2018.
Requests for spring semester programming are due by March 1, 2019.
Please complete the Rosenfield Program Funding Proposal form and submit to Rosenfield Program Director Barb Trish, 201 Jesse Macy House.
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The Rosenfield Program provides funding to 10 or more students each summer to pursue internships worldwide, focusing on issues of public affairs, international relations, or human rights.
Grinnell College students interested in applying for a Rosenfield Program summer internship grant should follow the guidelines and procedures devised by the Center for Careers, Life, and Service (CLS). Applications are due in the spring.


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There are two different types of cat damage that you can get on your leather furniture. The first is where the cat scratches the sides of the sofa, by plucking out the fibres/hairs from the leather. The second is where the cat will scratch the seating cushion causing a more straight line scratch.
From the photos below, select what type of cat damage you have, and then follow the correct guide on how to repair the scratches.
NOTE: These guides show the best way to repair leather, to get a close to perfect repair. However, if you just want a quick fix solution to repairing cat scratches, then you should use the Leather Re-Coloring Balm. The balm will put the color back into the scratches blending them in with the rest of the sofa, but it won't repair the roughness, it will just disguise them.
The advantages of using only the balm are; it is very easy to do, quick, cheap and will greatly improve the look of the sofa. The disadvantages are, the scratches must be a lighter shade than the rest of the sofa for it to work.
This photo shows cat scratches on the seating cushion. You can see that the scratches are only very light and have not damaged the leather itself, only lightly scratching the coating away. For damage like this, the Leather Re-Coloring Balm should be sufficient to restore the color that has been scratched away and blend the scratches in with the surrounding leather.
If the damage looks like the photo to the left; read the instructions below on how to fix it.
Products Required:
If the area of damage is larger than an area the size of a tennis ball:
- Leather Binder - To strengthen the area
- Leather Repair Kit - To fix the scratches
- Leather Colourant Kit - To restore the color
Or if the area of damage is smaller than a tennis ball:
This type of cat damage is caused by the cat sticking it's claws into the leather, when the cat pulls it's claws out, it draws out the fibres of the leather. This causes significant damage and the leather becomes rough and unsightly.
As can be seen in the image to the left, this leather armchair has suffered significant damage from cat scratches to the left arm. Before attempting to repair cat scratches on leather, it is important to thoroughly clean the leather with Leather Cleaner to remove any dirt and grime. As this area of damage is larger than the area covered by a tennis ball, we will be using the Leather Colorant Kit rather than the Leather Repair Touch Up Kit, but the same process can be used for both. If you are using the Leather Repair Touch Up Kit, simply use a sponge in place of the Airbrush used in the later stages of the guide.
After cleaning the area, take a pair of sharp scissors and trim any loose fibres, often found with damage from cat scratches. Please note that only the longer fibres need to be removed at this stage. Any shorter fibres that remain will not affect the quality of the repair or the look and feel of the end result. Take care at this stage not to puncture, cut or cause further damage to the leather.
When you have trimmed the longer loose fibres, the next step is to apply the Leather Binder. To apply the Leather Binder, simply apply a small amount to a sponge and use this to rub directly into the area of damage. Coat the entire area and allow to dry. In order to ensure a strong, durable repair, apply 8-10 coats of Leather Binder, allowing sufficient time for the previous coat to dry before applying the next.
Once the binder has been applied, the area should be sanded down in order to create a smooth, even surface on which to perform the remaining steps of the repair. To do this, simply take a piece of fine sandpaper (1200 grit is sufficient for this job) and lightly sand the entire area that the Leather Binder was applied to.
Before approaching this step, ensure that the area is free from any residue from sanding. Then, using the Heavy Filler and palette knife, spread a thin layer of filler over the scratches. Leave for 20-25 minutes to dry and apply additional layers if required, you should aim to have the holes, scratches and gouges filled so that they are level with the surface of the leather.
After applying the filler, it should be sanded down, again, 1200 grit sandpaper is sufficient for this job. After sanding, wipe the leather down with the alcohol cleaner to remove and dirt and residue from the leather's surface. This ensures proper adhesion of color when we come to apply it in later stages.
Once the alcohol cleaner has had time to dry, it is time for the colorant to be applied. Start off by applying the first coat of color by sponge. Simply pour a small amount onto a sponge and use this to apply a thin coat to the leather. Sometimes after applying the colorant, it emphasises some of the scratches you though were 'healed'. Simply apply more filler, sand down and re-apply the colourant as before.
After the first coat of colorant has been applied, if using the colorant kit; you should use the airbrush to begin building up the colorant in a series of thin layers, leaving time for the previous coat to dry before applying the next. If using the Leather Repair Kit, successive layers should be applied using the sponge. Apply as many thin layers as required to sufficiently blend with the surrounding area and conceal the repair
Once you have a good coverage of color, either by sponge or airbrush, the next step is to apply the lacquer onto the leather to seal the color in. Take the glossy Super Seal and apply using a sponge or airbrush, in 3-4 layers. This forms the basis for a flexible and very robust finish. After this is done, apply the Leather Finish, using the contents provided in 4-5 layers. For both products, allow time for each coat to completely dry before applying the next.
By following these steps and using the products in this guide, you can achieve professional results when repairing cat scratches on all items of leather, with relatively little time, effort or cost.
- Leather Binder
Thin liquid used to strengthen heavily worn & cracked leather.From $17.95
- Soaks deep into fibres
- Repairs minor scuffs
- Extremely flexible
- Helps restore heavy cracking
- Leather & Vinyl Complete Repair Kit
A kit for repairing small tears, scuffs, scratches & to touch up color loss to all items of leather.From $19.95
A kit for repairing small tears, scuffs, scratches & to touch up color loss to all items of leather. You can match any color of leather by choosing the closet color and tinting. The kit also contains glue, filler, canvas patch, leather patch, mixing cup and utensils and easy-to-use instructions.View Product


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The Peoria riverfront museum project got a show of support Thursday from Gov. Rod Blagojevich, who signed into law a plan to let Peoria County seek voter approval on a special sales tax.
The Peoria riverfront museum project got a show of support Thursday from Gov. Rod Blagojevich, who signed into law a plan to let Peoria County seek voter approval on a special sales tax.
If endorsed by voters in a referendum, the new tax would help pay for the long-sought museum project in Downtown Peoria. County officials haven't decided on the size of any proposed sales tax, but County Administrator Patrick Urich has said he would recommend 0.25 percent, which translates to 25 cents on a $100 purchase.
Urich said now that the governor has signed the so-called "museum tax" bill into law, the County Board must work through a number of policy issues.
Before deciding on the specifics of a potential sales tax increase, board members will want to determine exactly what the county's role would be with the museum and how long any obligations would last, Urich said. Once those issues are settled, the board could figure out the size and duration of a proposed sales tax increase.
If those matters can be resolved in the next couple of months, a sales tax referendum question could show up on Peoria County ballots in the spring, Urich said. The board has until Jan. 31 to decide whether to get the referendum question on the April 7 ballot.
Given the current economic climate, getting voters to back a tax increase won't be a simple task, supporters of the plan admit.
"As everyone knows, a referendum is not an easy thing to pass," said Sen. David Koehler, a Peoria Democrat who was the bill's lead Senate sponsor. "You've got to state your case to the public."
Peoria Republican state Sen. Dale Risinger, who co-sponsored the bill, said an educational effort would be launched to encourage voters to approve the referendum.
"If we can convince the people that it's a wise investment in the museum, then we're going to have quite a project ... and quite a tourist attraction," Risinger said. "We'll make the case that we think it's the right thing to do, but in the end they'll vote and tell us."
The new law, formerly known as Senate Bill 1290, was inspired by the Peoria community's effort to build a riverfront museum, but it applies in a broader sense to all Illinois counties and is effective immediately.
It will allow any county to ask voters in a referendum if they want to support a sales tax hike "for public facility purposes."
In Peoria County, for instance, the special tax could be used for other projects, such as a new county-operated Bel-Wood Nursing Home.
Museum officials heard about the governor's action during a Lakeview Museum board meeting on Thursday afternoon. Lakeview is one of five organizations that make up the collaborative museum group.
Brad McMillan, the spokesman for the group, received a call from Koehler, who reported that the bill had passed the final legislative hurdle.
"I held the phone up and Senator Koehler received a standing ovation from the board," McMillan said.
Blagojevich's signature "finally gives us the potential vehicle that would be the final piece of the puzzle to move this great project forward," McMillan said.
McMillan said a private/public project the size of the $137 million combined Riverfront Museum and Caterpillar visitors center is a good hedge against tough economic times, even if it would need the public help of an increased sales tax.
"This project would bring hundreds of construction jobs to the region at the exact time there is talk of national economic stimulus and infrastructure improvements designed to keep people working," McMillan said.
Five Peoria-area lawmakers, including Koehler and Risinger, spearheaded the effort to get the new law on the books. The others were state Reps. David Leitch, R-Peoria, Donald Moffitt, R-Gilson and Mike Smith, D-Canton.
Adriana Colindres can be reached at (217) 782-6292 or email@example.com. Scott Hilyard can be reached at 686-3244 or email@example.com


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If you are planning to attend the American Society for Legal History annual meeting in Atlanta in November, and you have not yet made hotel reservations (yes, it's still early -- the cut-off date for the hotel is Oct. 10), it would be wise to work on that soon.
H-Law has discussed trouble attendees are having making reservations for the first evening of the conference (Thursday, Nov. 10). I know that a colleague was recently able to get a room at the hotel for Thursday, but not at the conference rate. UPDATE: The ASLH webpage now indicates that the hotel is sold out for Thursday.
If you have trouble getting the conference rate through the website, try phoning them. If you find yourself closed out, scroll down to the first email in this thread, where Craig Joyce offers alternative hotel info: Hotel Midtown (one block away), W Hotel (the link is to the midtown W -- please check maps to be sure that's the one closest to the conference), Four Seasons, and Renaissance.
My info may be dated, since I read H-Law via the weblogs. If you have updates or advice for others, please post in the comments.
Tuesday, September 13, 2011
2 comments:
Dear Mary,
Thanks for posting this information. I just booked at a room at Hotel Midtown, which now has an ASLH rate of $89 per night. They still have rooms for Thursday evening.
- September 13, 2011 at 2:32:00 PM EDT
- Mary L. Dudziak said...
Thanks, David! I heard that ASLH was working on negotiating a special rate at Midtown. The news is not yet posted on the webpage, but folks might want to keep an eye out for updates on the Current News page of the ASLH site: http://www.aslh.net/index.shtml And to book a room at the Midtown at the ASLH rate, call the hotel directly: 877-873-7829 (toll free number).
- September 13, 2011 at 5:21:00 PM EDT
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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Israel in Embryo
The High Walls of Jerusalem: A History of the Balfour Declaration and the Birth of the British Mandate for Palestine
Ronald Sanders's book is both valuable (with one large reservation, of which more below) and highly readable. It differs from the two previous principal studies of the subject—Leonard Stein's The Balfour Declaration (1961) and Isaiah Friedman's The Question of Palestine, 1914-1918 (1973)—mainly in that it takes in a panoramic sweep of British activities in relation to the Middle East during the First World War, whereas the two earlier studies tended to concentrate on the declaration and/or on the limited context of Palestine.
Mr. Sanders has, quite rightly, a good deal to say, not only about matters directly bearing on the Balfour Declaration but also about the Arab (or rather, Hejazi) revolt of 1916; the British-Arab negotiations which preceded that revolt (Hussein-McMahon correspondence of 1915); and the Anglo-French agreement (Sykes-Picot) partitioning the Fertile Crescent between Britain and France—an agreement of 1916 later partially and unilaterally repudiated by the British.
Mr. Sanders has drawn copiously on Foreign Office documents available in the Public Record Office at Kew, London, as well as on other pertinent material (mainly British). He offers a fuller and better rounded account than any hitherto available of British activities—to say "policy" would be rather exaggerated—in the Middle East in the period in which the Balfour Declaration took shape.
Mr. Sander's use of his material is generally (with that one large reservation again) judicious and sensitive. He writes well, he has a sense of humor and of drama—both very pertinent—and he is capable, unlike his more severe predecessors, of giving expression occasionally to a shrewd hunch. (As when, having recorded a conversation between Herbert Samuel and Lloyd George in November 1915 on the subject of a Jewish state, the author notes: "It was not long after this that Samuel was regularly to make a point of describing Palestine as 'a country the size of Wales.' Had the comparison come up in this brief talk?")
The High Walls of Jerusalem, then, is recommended reading. But in this case, the recommendation is qualified by a warning against accepting a significant part of the conclusions toward which the book tends; or rather to which it is arbitrarily turned by obiter dicta. There is in fact a huge hole in the High Walls. To see where the hole is, we have first to look at the reasons that have been offered both by participants and by later writers for the decision of the British government, in October 1917, to declare its support for a Jewish national home in Palestine.
I shall, for convenience, classify these reasons as follows:
A. Reasons connected with the conduct of the war.Desire to influence the United States, through the Zionist sympathies of a large section of the American Jewish community, in the direction of firmer commitment to the common war effort, and greater specific support for the European allies. Desire to influence Russia, through the Zionist sympathies of Russian…
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As one class of Longmont "Dreamers" prepares to graduate this spring, another is just getting started.
Boulder County's I Have a Dream Foundation — a dropout prevention program for low-income students — is preparing to initiate 50 second-graders from Rocky Mountain Elementary School into Longmont's fourth Dreamer class on April 29.
To donate
Visit: ihadboulder.org
The Rocky Mountain Dreamer Class will launch just weeks before the foundation celebrates six Niwot High School graduates who were part of the Casa Class, named for the Casa de la Esperanza housing complex where the students lived. The Casa Class launched in 2000 with students from kindergarten to eighth grade. The graduates will be honored at a completion ceremony May 21.
The new class comes on the heels of the Aspen Class that was launched in May and included students from Spangler Elementary School and Aspen Meadows low-income housing complex.
The Rocky Mountain Dreamer Class is the first for students from the Longmont school, said the program's chief executive officer Lori Canova.
The program supports students and their families across Boulder County, including the St. Vrain Valley and Boulder Valley school districts. Each class is named for the school or housing complex that the cohort shares.
The foundation is still seeking volunteers and funding for the new class.
"We hope to have at least two classes going in Longmont, but we can't do it without the sponsors, tutors and mentors to support it," Canova said.
Volunteers provide free after-school tutoring and mentors to dreamers. A class program director provides academic and personal support to the families and dreamers through high school graduation. Dreamers also receive scholarship money toward college upon completion of the program.
Foundation staff are meeting with families of the prospective dreamers in preparation for next month's initiation ceremony.
Contact Times-Call community reporter Whitney Bryen at 303-684-5274 or email@example.com


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You've seen them on sidewalks turning out portraits and landscapes at almost impossibly high speeds. In Pall Thayer's "Autodrawn: sketching landscapes seen through my windows," the role of the roadside artist has been usurped by the computer. "Autodrawn" sketches abstract interpretations of real-time traffic camera images as seen through its browser windows. These drawings, composed of muted earthtones, take a few minutes to materialize. Once completed, they remain on the screen for mere seconds before disappearing to make way for a new image. These emerging landscapes are accompanied by music--a blend of synthesizer effects and live police radio. The title of the work is a reference to the German autobahn, that super-freeway without speed limits, and in his artist statement, Thayer explains the site as both a criticism and a celebration of speed-obsessed culture. Thayer recognizes that while freeways are undoubtedly "a constant threat to human life," they are also "an essential element in modern city living." He also notes their architectural intricacy and "aesthetic charm," which make them appropriate subjects for these automatic sketches, even if not as colorful as those of tourists and passersby caught in a pose. - Alex Sadvari
Have YOU Got Something To Say?
No matter where you happen to be on Friday, June 3rd, your voice could be heard in the Ohio State University Oval when artist Daniel Jolliffe arrives with his mobile sculpture, "One Free Minute." This colourful technological soapbox disrupts the soundscape of public spaces with acts of improvised, anonymous free speech. To be heard, leave a message, email an MP3 or supply your phone number and be called back to deliver your minute live and on-the-air. One minute samples on the web site include the banal and the riveting, propaganda, activism and deeply personal announcements. The intrusion of private into public brought about by cell phone technology is one of the themes behind the work, as is the blurring of who is saying what. In a political climate where free speech comes with an increasing risk of recrimination, "One Free Minute" boldly reclaims individuals' right to speak. It's also a damn funky interactive aural sculpture with a broadcast range of 150 feet--every town should have one. - Helen Varley Jamieson.
Wish You Were Here?
Viennese artist Siegrun Appelt's Moderato Cantabile takes its name from the title of a 1959 novel by French author Marguerite Duras. Appelt distributed this book, itself a meditation on processes of memory and perception, to nine professionals (three artists, a publicist, an architect…), requesting that they read it and return to her exact descriptions of the music room and café central to the story. Video recordings of conversations between Appelt and her collaborators and projections of each described environment, rendered as a 3D digital model, comprised a 2004 installation at Landesgalerie Linz. Now, Moderato Cantabile's transcripts and images are documented online, framed by critics' essays about the project. One essayist muses at the "liberty" he takes by writing about a book he has never read--and exhibition he has never seen (apart from online). In this case, distance and secondhand experience drive Appelt and Duras' ideas, and Moderato Cantabile's new home on the Internet feels like the perfect, murky stage for remembering and forgetting sites and sights constructed by others. - Kevin McGarry
This Must Be the Place
Sometimes it takes leaving a place to actually get a good look at it. Yukie Kamiya, Associate Curator at the New Museum in New York, had this notion in mind when she organized City/Observer, an online exhibition that explores urban space through the intimate perspectives - memories, conversations or personal experiences - of six migrant artists. Brooklyn-based Icelandic artist Katrin Sigurdardottir considers the architectural history of her hometown in "Unbuilt Residencies in Reykjavik, 1920-1930" (2005), a blog that documents her fabrication and subsequent destruction of miniature houses modeled after unconsummated plans for residential development in Reykjavik. "Virtual Urban" (2000) traces an email correspondence between Aisling O'Beirn and Marjetica Potrc, in which the two artists discuss a possible collaboration involving their cities of residence, Belfast and Ljubljana respectively, and mull over points of commonality or disjunction, and ways the two areas fit into larger patterns of globalization. Another layer of migration lies in the fact that City/Observer marks the first time that Kamiya and two of the featured artists have worked on the Internet, a foray that offers a fresh take on art practices that cross virtual and off-line spaces. - Lauren Cornell
Kurating By Numbers
On the 4th of June, Tate Modern hosted the CURATING, IMMATERIALITY, SYSTEMS symposium to kick off its epochal Open Systems survey show of the conceptual and informatic art that swept the 1960s-70s. The conference acted as the first docking bay for UK-based programmer Grzesiek Sedek and curator Joasia Krysa's open source curating software KURATOR. Drawing on affinity between code art and curatorial praxis, the software tries to redevelop curating as a generative experiment in social relations, within and against an art world that is only beginning to bypass the genteel stultification of curator as the golden alibi of art markets and aesthete-at-large. KURATOR posits "software curating" as a way to distribute curatorial process over networks of people, including artists and others, and finally outwards from the special domain of an individual. It further combats the reification of taste by partially automating many of the traditional metiers that distinguish the curator - selectivity being one. There will be an online panel discussion and public forum touching on KURATOR and many other themes that emerged during the symposium, Monday June 13th, via the Tate's website. - Marina Vishmidt
Baby Blogging
"The moon had his own scissors to cut his hair, but one day he lost them. God found these scissors and let them down to the moon on a cord." This stirring reflection and more can be found on the family JeanRichard blog, which features most specifically the life and times of two young children, Cecile and Dominic. In a mixture of parenting and public art project, the JeanRichard blog presents a playful log of the children's graphic output as well as video of some of their big adventures. Cecile seems strongest in utilizing the 2-Dimensional medium of crayon and paper, while Dominic thrives on camera. His moods and gestures capture the challenges which children face every day in succinct video clips. Many of their collaborative craft projects rework everyday objects into challenging new forms, like sandal spacecrafts and other doll-mobility devices. The blog also includes links to other, mostly Swiss net art sites, art events and web images, but as is usually the case in most settings, the children steal the show. - David Senior
Rhizome Promotion: Summer Hosting
This summer, consider buying a virtual sort of timeshare: a web hosting plan from BroadSpire. Rhizome.org has been in business with BroadSpire, a mid-size commercial web hosting provider based in California, for three years now. Not only does BroadSpire host the Rhizome.org site, but Rhizome also earns essential revenue whenever supportive readers like you purchase a BroadSpire hosting plan and mention Rhizome. No matter how much space and services you require, there's bound to be an affordable, reliable plan for you, whether to launch a new project, relocate your homepage or consolidate your web design portfolio. Broadspire offers a Starter plan at $65 per year for 350MB disk storage, 1GB data transfer a month, POP email, free setup and daily content back-ups, and larger plans for those interested in housing E-commerce empires. Anyone seeking refuge this summer in our favorite locale--the Internet--should check out BroadSpire. - Rhizome.org
Viral Victors Announced
Now that May's Contagious Media Showdown has concluded, let's diagnose the winning internet infections. Held in conjunction with the Contagious Media exhibit at New York's New Museum, the Showdown hosted websites anonymously designed for maximum spreadability, giving cash awards to top rankers. Grand Prizewinner Forget Me Not Panties, a faked sales site for feminist-unfriendly GPS-tracked underpants, came from behind to trump the simple and enigmatic Crying While Eating, a collection of user-submitted videos of people doing just that, which nabbed prizes in two other categories. Insider link-trading no doubt led to the victory of Bloglebrity, a more or less openly faux magazine site that earned the distinction for most Technorati hits. The viral champions will be feted at a special awards ceremony at Eyebeam on Saturday June 18; in the meantime, kill some minutes at work perusing the full list of contestants and their rankings, available at the Showdown's site. - Ed Halter
Ships Ahoy
So, maybe the 2004 ISEA conference cruise didn't signal the beginning of a trend in floating art events, but that doesn't mean a boat isn't an interesting place to experience contemporary art. Navigate, an upcoming four-day presentation of "live art" in England gives participating artists and audiences an aesthetic triathlon that, yes, includes a boat. The three venues Navigate will occupy are BALTIC, the Gateshead-located center for contemporary art; the MS Stubnitz, a German ship docked on the Newcastle side of the River Tyne; and specially commissioned coach tours. The included artists' works span many interests and styles, ranging from Karen Finley's (US) performance of U.S. First Lady Laura Bush's personal dreams to audio-enhanced bus tours of nocturnal Newcastle by the international collective e-Xplo. The festival, which runs from June 30th to July 3rd, was organized by Newcastle-based independent curator Michelle Hirschhorn and area arts organizations BALTIC, Amino and Forma. - Ryan Griffis
Veteran conceptual and net artist Peter Luining's new project Art Domains recasts internet domain name trade as a legitimate art practice. Proposing a strategic confluence between the virtual and the lucrative, Luining seeks to capitalise both on slight modifications of existing domain names (whitecube.com becomes whitecube.us, etc.) and on the legacy of conceptual art elders like Mel Bochner, whose "Working Drawings And Other Visible Things On Paper Not Necessarily Meant To Be Viewed As Art" first smuggled informatic ephemera into the gallery space. Luining inflects this canonical ruse by presenting his business plans and outcomes in ring binders perched atop plinths at art fairs and museums worldwide. The project also delivers a jab at the marginalisation of media art within an institutional art world that would barely exist were it not for the domain names that locate it in the Web of all knowledge. Here, Luining engages with e-business as an immaterial economy that can help him both jettison the art object that remains pivotal to the contemporary art market and to reflect on that market's own relationship to immateriality. - Marina Vishmidt


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Photo Credit: Malcolm Young's picture is courtesy of Short Persons Support. Photographic illustrations of Malcolm Young are copyright © by their respective holders. The images are published with permission or as allowed by the copyright law's fair use or quotation provisions. If any copyright holder objects to an image being included, please notify us and it will be removed immediately.
Disclaimer: This information about Malcolm Young is derived from astrological interpretation of Malcolm Young's date, time, and place of birth.


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The Department of Homeland Security's civil rights watchdog has concluded that travelers along the nation's borders may have their electronics seized and the contents of those devices examined for any reason whatsoever — all in the name of national security.
The DHS, which secures the nation's border, in 2009 announced that it would conduct a "Civil Liberties Impact Assessment" of its suspicionless search-and-seizure policy pertaining to electronic devices "within 120 days." More than three years later, the DHS office of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties published a two-page executive summary of its findings.
"We also conclude that imposing a requirement that officers have reasonable suspicion in order to conduct a border search of an electronic device would be operationally harmful without concomitant civil rights/civil liberties benefits," the executive summary said.
The memo highlights the friction between today's reality that electronic devices have become virtual extensions of ourselves housing everything from e-mail to instant-message chats to photos and our papers and effects — juxtaposed against the government's stated quest for national security.
The President George W. Bush administration first announced the suspicionless, electronics search rules in 2008. The President Barack Obama administration followed up with virtually the same rules a year later. Between 2008 and 2010, 6,500 persons had their electronic devices searched along the U.S. border, according to DHS data.
According to legal precedent, the Fourth Amendment — the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures — does not apply along the border. By the way, the government contends the Fourth-Amendment-Free Zone stretches 100 miles inland from the nation's actual border.


text: Dog safety is super important. When you get into the car you put your seatbelt on. Your dog should do that too! Put them in a Dog Car Harnesses and make sure they're safe and secure during your road trip. Water sports are a blast and your dog wants to be a part of it. Make sure they're safe around the water with a Dog Life Vest. Out for a nighttime run? Make sure you dog has on their Dog Reflective Gear so they can be visible to traffic at night. No matter what the activity, you'll put your dog safety first. We're here to help you protect your dog no matter what.


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The Tell-Tale Compiler
In my last post, I warned about the need to be aware of the memory models of both the programming language and the hardware when writing and executing threaded applications. In this post, I want to remind you also to consider issues that your parallel code can encounter from the compiler.
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Normally I think of a compiler as being a "friend" to me and my application. I'm old enough to remember assembly language programming being taught to budding Computer Science students. This topic has disappeared, for the most part, from modern CS curriculum. It might be featured in a computer architecture and organization course, but no in-depth study is offered. Why? Compilers have gotten so good at code optimizations that trying to eke out a slightly more optimal execution for a small portion of your application by inlining some assembly language is typically more trouble than it is worth. And it is that optimization from the compiler that can trip you up in parallel code.
For example, let me remind you of the example I previously used to illustrate how the memory model of a processor could result in incorrect execution. I want to update a shared variable in one thread,
threadZero, and another thread,
threadOne, is going to read that newly updated value. To force the ordered execution I use a shared flag as synchronization, as shown in the following code fragment.
// Shared declarations int Done = FALSE; int N; void threadZero(void *pArg) { . . . N = SomeLocalValue; Done = TRUE; . . . } void threadOne(void *pArg) { . . . while (!Done) {} // spin-wait SomeOtherLocalValue = N; . . . }
If I use a smart compiler, it could notice that the value of
Done is not modified in the
spin-wait loop of
threadOne, or is loop invariant. In other words, the compiler is free to assume that the value of
Done does not change in the course of executing the (empty)
while loop when executing the function. Thus, the compiler is justified in transforming the relevant code in
threadOne to the following:
void threadOne(void *pArg) { . . . int tmp = Done; while (!tmp) {} // spin-wait SomeOtherLocalValue = N; . . . }
Unless the value of
Done is non-zero when
threadOne executes the code above,
threadOne will enter into an infinite loop. If you were to analyze this code for data races with some software tool, it would point out that there is a race on the
Done variable. But, you already know about that data race; in fact, the original source code relies on the data race to work correctly. The compiler has turned what should have been a benign data race into a fatal deadlock situation. (Here is more evidence that even benign data races should be protected with mutually exclusive access synchronization.)


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Orleans 18
Ch. 18 Live Streaming


text:
Last week I wrapped up my latest beginning running class. For the 'graduation' we ran the Princeton 5K as the girls first race. It was fabulous! I wasn't sure that I would be able to run it well having run 60 miles at FANS last Saturday. I really wanted to share in the girls first race so decided to run it no matter how my legs felt.
Carol and Heidi from my very first group joined us; Carol has run half a dozen races now and Heidi has even run a half marathon! Awesome.
Mary told us last Tuesday, on our final class, that she didn't feel ready for the 5K. We were all pretty bummed at that, I knew she was ready but wasn't going to force the issue. I told her that I would be leaving home at 700 and that she should call me should she change her mind and I would pick her up on the way.
Saturday morning at 630 the phone rang. Mary had changed her mind and was in! Of course, her hubby telling her that if she didn't run the race she could sand a wood project with him, helped to make her decision!
I picked up Mary, she said "...this is crazy, I can't believe I'm running a race.." "Welcome to the Dark Side" I told her!
The girls were very happy to see Mary. It helps to have a few people in your camp that are in the same state of progress as yourself. Most were running first race ever. Two spouses entered to run and support their wives! Fabulous. This was Kevin's first race since Superior 50K '08. Kevin has had some medical (heart, appedectomy) set backs and is now back at it, building his base.
The morning was beautiful. Bright, warm and sunny. Woohoo. We met up with one another, picked up our packets, I decided to register, and we waited for the start. GO! The course was an out and back, along the golf course, onto a gravel road. It was a great first race for the girls. Only one hill, water at the turn around, spectators cheering. Loads o' fun.
I came into the finish at 24:20 - 2nd girl - and ran to the car to collect my camera. I was able to take pictures of the finishes and cheer loudly! What a great experience.
Mary and Michelle had teamed up and encouraged one another. Michelle doesn't care for the heat, she was really becoming warm. They ran a strong finish, sprinting to the end. Amazing!
It was so rewarding to be part of this first race for these girls. I love it. Showing them that they CAN do it! They all did it. Heidi ran a 30:12 and was aiming for a 30! Good going Heidi.
After the race I came home to make breakfast for the boys, changed and headed to Hastings..aka the other side of the world.
John Storkamp, RD for the Afton Races, was having a Heavy Medal party. 20 of us volunteered to create the finishing awards for his race. It was a great time. It feels good to help out in any small way. Check out the ATR Blog for the pictures of the awards. The art work he did for this year's Tshirt is incredible. The shirt isn't only for running; you can wear art work anywhere.
Back home to attend grad parties with the family.
A great day. A full day. A rewarding day.


text:
Frequency mobile Mode Details Type County
078.9625 Nfm Billy Keogh Skip Hire Other Waterford
084.3875 Nfm Co. Waterford Fire Service Fire Waterford
084.7500 Nfm Ambulance Control Emergency Waterford
085.4875 Nfm Waterford taxi 877710 Taxi Waterford
087.2875 Nfm Taxi - Waterford City - (repeater) Taxi Waterford
121.150 am Waterford Airport ATIS Air Waterford
129.85 Am Waterford Tower+Donegal Air traffic
control (Tower) Air Waterford
144.403 CW EI2WRB beacon Donnells Hill, Portlaw Amateur Waterford
145.6750 145.0750 Nfm 2 Metre repeater - Faha, Helvick Hd
Dungarvan (WLR mast) Amateur Waterford
150.0500 Nfm Forum Theatre Security Waterford
153.2500 Nfm waterford regional hospital Emergency Waterford
153.2500 Nfm Waterford Regional Hospital pager Pager Waterford
156.475 Nfm Belview Port Crane Operations, Channel
56 Belview Port Transport Waterford
156.7000 Nfm belview port pilots channel Marine Waterford
158.71 Nfm unknown taxi service Taxi Waterford
158.7200 Nfm unknown taxi service Taxi Waterford
159.7250 Nfm Waterford Talk-Through Input Garda Waterford
161.775 157.175 Nfm Mine Head Coastguard Radio. (Marine
Ch.83) Marine Waterford
163.2100 158.7100 Nfm unknown taxi service Taxi Waterford
164.0900 Nfm tramore gardai (kilo echo) strongest
signal+ dundalk gadai mobile beats
handheld(Louth) Garda Waterford
164.225 Nfm Waterford "Alpha"+Navan Gardai
relay, Slane+Ballinamore Leitrim Garda Waterford
164.3500 Nfm Garda Garda Waterford
164.6100 160.1100 Nfm based in ferrybank area Taxi Waterford
164.9000 Wfm tramore gardai Garda Waterford
165.225 Nfm Waterford City Taxi Waterford
165.2875 Nfm ESB Telemetry signal Gracedieu+Hill top
mast near ovens Cork Other Waterford
165.3000 Nfm ESB Telemetry contol signal,
Carronadavderg Hill Other Waterford
166.450 Nfm Taxi - Waterford City Taxi Waterford
166.6700 Nfm Crowes cabs tramore Taxi Waterford
168.0600 Nfm strand cabs tramore Taxi Waterford
168.2100 Nfm unknown taxi company Taxi Waterford
168.45 Nfm Taxi Waterford
27.901 Nfm Newtown (Waterford city) Church Radio Hf Waterford
433.275 434.875 Nfm Waterford City 70cm Repeater from WLR-FM
mast at Carrickpherish Amateur Waterford
446.056 Nfm PMR MUSIC UNKNOWN Other Waterford
457.3300 Nfm Gorey taxi's Taxi Waterford
459.2500 Nfm unidentified factory Pager Waterford
462.2500 Nfm waterford fire station Fire Waterford
464.7500 Nfm Traffic Wardens Transport Waterford
466.0700 Nfm holy family church broadcast Other Waterford
466.5300 Nfm waterford airport groundstaff handhelds Air Waterford
466.660 Nfm crane operations for construction
company Other Waterford
468.1875 Nfm HSE UHF link from Kilnafarna Hill, west
Waterford. Transmits continuously with
pilot tone Emergency Waterford
468.2500 Nfm waterford ambulance Emergency Waterford
733.29 fm RTE1 TV sound, Dungarvan relay Television Waterford
74.125 Nfm Waterford Fire Service, some lists
suggest mobile repeater Fire Waterford
765.29 wfm RTE2 TV Sound, Dungarvan relay Television Waterford
79.6500 Wfm cara cabs 377077 Taxi Waterford
81.6900 71.6900 Nfm 851000 cabs Taxi Waterford
813.29 wfm TG4 sound, Dungarvan relay Television Waterford
84.0875 Nfm Same audio as 164.225 Garda Waterford
84.3875 74.1625 Nfm Waterford county fire brigades making
contact with Limerick control Fire Waterford
861.22 fm BBC1 TV sound receiveable in West
Waterford (from Comeraghs) ch 69- Television Waterford


text:
Hi, I'm Jill Ovnik. I'm not a doctor, not even a dietician, what I am is just a former fat girl excited to share my story. You see, I feel like I found the Holy Grail, won the lottery for how to live well, found the best kept secret … And I just want to share it with everyone!
I have a trim, healthier body now. I have stable weight, for years, which is a great thing and I have more energy … And with 3 busy kids, I need it! Imagine … that you were given a shiny new car on your 16th birthday, but this would be the only car that you would ever get to drive for the rest of your life. You can't borrow your friend's car if you want to go somewhere … No trade-ins, no transfers, no exceptions. How well would you take care of that car? Would you pour glue in the engine? I don't think so. You get what I'm driving at right?
The 1st part of this video is a 35 minute presentation on the best kind of fuel for this extraordinary machine we call the human body. It is titled: "To Clog Or Not To Clog, That Is The Question." The rest of the video will be building on principles from that presentation and we'll do some grocery shopping, we'll go to some restaurants and we'll come right back here to my kitchen so I can show you some of the great foods I love to eat. So, let's take a look …
I don't believe people understand the true health and world ramifications of consuming dead animals. The "Change Your Food, Change Your Life" DVD covers this subject fairly well in just 35 minutes in the "To Clog or Not to Clog" section. Eating meat is of no benefit to your body, or the environment. If you understand that, then it's time to just jump right in and join the growing number of people who are going vegetarian.
Making the decision to "just do it" will change your life. Every minute and every day you will be prouder and more self-confident. This increased pride and self-confidence will allow you to move to the next healthy change in your life and then the next.
I was the type of person who laid on the couch and ate bonbons, watched soap operas, and generally escaped life; hurting myself, numbing my fears….
I was scared as hell to call myself a vegetarian!!! I didn't know if I could do it. I read so many compelling health reasons, but it really hit me when I read how my decision would be of such benefit to the hundreds of innocent animals that do not need to die. Howard Lyman said, "No living creature needs to die today so that I can live." I would add that no tree needs to be cut down to provide grazing land for those animals either….I love trees. It is tremendously sad for me that the rain forest is being destroyed to provide fuel for humans who are perfectly able to consume healthier fuel and live.
I think that making the decision to become a vegetarian is so powerful because it takes you out of yourself. It is a personal decision that honors your fellow creatures and the planet we live on. It's a decision that says, "I am not just for peace, I am about peace." Gandhi said, "Let you be the change you wish to see in the world." It is a selfless decision in a narcissistic society. I believe internal rewards come from that kind of decision.
At first, I thought that I was "denying" myself comfort and pleasure, but I was doing it for the good of others so….the things I thought I was losing in the beginning have turned out to be no loss at all! Instead, they have been a catalyst to better, more wonderful food and greater abundance in my life. The rewards have been staggering.
It's really NOT about ME or YOU. It's about one fabulous, magnificent contribution of choice that supports LIFE, HEALTH, and LOVE that ends up helping me and you in the process!
The "Change Your Food, Change Your Life" DVD is meant to touch on the big personal and global benefits of cutting out meat, and then give you hope, showing that the decision and the path are not that difficult. That you CAN do it. That your life WILL improve! I can guarantee it if you make the choice to go vegetarian and change your life!


text:
When it seems like everything is going wrong, or there is too much stress, it is easy to fall victim to negative thinking. I hate negative thinking and I try my best to not do it because you can always find something to be positive about. Today seems like a good day to share what I am currently thankful for…
- I am always thankful for my hubby. We both work so hard and sometimes our real time together is few and far between. Last week our quick getaway was perfect timing and very much needed. We need to find a way to do that more often.
- I am thankful for the ability to run. I need to run and every time I get out there, I am so happy to be able to. It's been almost a year since my sciatica and those 6 weeks or so that I could hardly move, let alone run, were absolutely miserable. You know that saying…. One day I won't be able to run. Today is not that day. One of the many reasons I run…. Because I can.
- I am thankful for the confidence I have found this year. I am naturally shy and this blog has really helped me come out my shell and not question my abilities as much as I have in the past. I have met some pretty fabulous people and I've done things that take me out of my comfort zone, like speaking at the WW Live Life Active event.
- I am thankful for coffee. It seems trivial, but I am being serious. Coffee is a wonderful thing and in my world, it's absolutely necessary. No coffee, no workee.
- I am thankful for my strengths. I know that I am a strong-willed woman and I have goals and I am determined. My husband says I am stubborn, and maybe I am. But I am not afraid to stand up for what I believe, fight for what I want, and bust my butt to reach my goals.
What are you thankful for today?