text:
Nanotechnology is the creation and utilization of materials, devices, and systems through the control of matter on the nanometer-length scale (a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. Nanobiotechnology, an integration of physical sciences, molecular engineering, biology, chemistry and biotechnology holds considerable promise of advances in pharmaceuticals and healthcare. The report starts with an introduction to various techniques and materials that are relevant to nanobiotechnology. It includes some of the physical forms of energy such as nanolasers. Some of the technologies are scaling down such as microfluidics to nanofluidic biochips and others are constructions from bottom up. Application in life sciences research, particularly at the cell level sets the stage for the role of nanobiotechnology in healthcare in subsequent chapters.
Some of the earliest applications are in molecular diagnostics. Nanoparticles, particularly quantum dots, are playing important roles. In-vitro diagnostics, does not have any of the safety concerns associated with the fate of nanoparticles introduced into the human body. Numerous nanodevices and nanosystems for sequencing single molecules of DNA are feasible. Various nanodiagnostics that have been reviewed will improve the sensitivity and extend the present limits of molecular diagnostics.
An increasing use of nanobiotechnology by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries is anticipated. Nanotechnology will be applied at all stages of drug development - from formulations for optimal delivery to diagnostic applications in clinical trials. Many of the assays based on nanobiotechnology will enable high-throughput screening. Some of nanostructures such as fullerenes are themselves, drug candidates, as they allow precise grafting of active chemical groups in three-dimensional orientations. The most important pharmaceutical applications are in drug delivery. Apart from offering a solution to solubility problems, nanobiotechnology provides and intracellular delivery possibilities. Skin penetration is improved in transdermal drug delivery. A particularly effective application is as nonviral gene therapy vectors. Nanotechnology has the potential to provide controlled release devices with autonomous operation guided by the needs.
Nanomedicine is now within the realm of reality starting with nanodiagnostics and drug delivery facilitated by nanobiotechnology. Miniature devices such as nanorobots could carry out integrated diagnosis and therapy by refined and minimally invasive procedures, nanosurgery, as an alternative to crude surgery. Applications of nanobiotechnology are described according to various therapeutic systems. Nanotechnology will markedly improve the implants and tissue engineering approaches as well. Of the over 1,000 clinical trials of nanomedicines, approximately 100 are selected and tabulated in major therapeutic areas. Other applications such as for management of biological warfare injuries and poisoning are included. Contribution of nanobiotechnology to nutrition and public health such as the supply of purified water are also included.
There is some concern about the safety of nanoparticles introduced in the human body and released into the environment. Research is underway to address these issues. As yet there are no FDA directives to regulate nanobiotechnology but as products are ready to enter the market, these are expected to be in place.
Future nanobiotechnology markets are calculated on the basis of the background markets in the areas of application and the share of this market by new technologies and state of development at any given year in the future. This is based on a comprehensive and thorough review of the current status of nanobiotechnology, research work in progress and anticipated progress. There is a definite indication of large growth of the market but it will be uneven and cannot be plotted as a steady growth curve. Marketing estimates are given according to areas of application, technologies and geographical distribution starting with 2019. The largest expansion is expected between the years 2024 and 2029.
Profiles of 252 companies, out of over 500 involved in this area, are included in the last chapter along with their 185 collaborations. The report is supplemented with 51 Tables, 32 figures and 850 references to the literature.
The report contains information on the following:
- Nanobiotechnologies
- Applications for research in life sciences
- Nanomolecular diagnostics
- Nanodevices and techniques
- Nanopharmaceuticals
- Nanooncology
- Nanoneurology
- Nanocardiology
- Nanopulmonology
- Nanoorthopedics
- Nanoophthalmology
- Miscellaneous clinical applications of nanobiotechnology
- Nanobiotechnology and personalized medicine
- Nanotoxicology
- Regulatory and ethical issues
- Research and future prospects
- Markets
- Companies
Part I: Applications & Markets
0. Executive Summary
1. Introduction
Basics of nanobiotechnology
European Union definition of nanomaterials
Nanoscale time and light
Relation of nanobiotechnology to nanomedicine
Landmarks in the evolution of nanomedicine
Nanomedicine as a part of evolution of medicine
2. Nanotechnologies
Classification of nanobiotechnologies
Gold nanoparticles
Fluorescent nanoparticles
Magnetic nanoparticles
Nanoparticles assembly into micelles
Naturally occurring nanoparticles
Polymer nanoparticles
Porous silicon nanoparticles
Quantum dots
Synthetic high density lipoprotein nanoparticles
Hybrid nanoparticles
Bacterial structures relevant to nanobiotechnology
Nanostructures based on bacterial cell surface layers
Bacterial magnetic particles
Carbon nanotubes
Medical applications of nanotubes
DNA nanostructures
DNA origami
Bacteriophages for mass production of DNA origami
Fractal assembly
Gigadalton-scale structures
Advantages of DNA nanostructure
Potential applications of DNA nanostars
Potential applications of DNA octahedron
Nanoporous silica aerogel
Nanostructured silicon
Nanoparticle conjugates
DNA-nanoparticle conjugates
Networks of gold nanoparticles and bacteriophage
Protein-nanoparticle combination
Polymer nanofibers
Virus-like particles
Measurement of nanoparticle size and distribution
Nanomaterials for biolabeling
DNA Nanotags
Fluorescent lanthanide nanorods
Magnetic nanotags
Molecular computational identification
Nanophosphor labels
Organic nanoparticles as biolabels
Quantum dots as labels
SERS nanotags
Silica nanoparticles for labeling antibodies
Silver nanoparticle labels
Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems
Microarrays and nanoarrays
Dip Pen Nanolithography for nanoarrays
Applications of dip-pen nanolithography
Protein nanoarrays
Single-molecule protein arrays
Microfluidics and nanofluidics
Nanotechnology on a chip
Microfluidic chips for nanoliter volumes
Use of nanotechnology in microfluidics
2D nanofluidics
Construction of nanofluidic channels
Nanoscale flow visualization
Moving (levitation) of nanofluidic drops with physical forces
Electrochemical nanofluid injection
Nanofluidics on nanopatterned surfaces
Nano-interface in a microfluidic chip
Nanofluidic channels for study of DNA
Visualization and manipulation on nanoscale
3D single-molecule microscopy with nanoscale accuracy
4Pi microscope
Atomic force microscopy
AFM basics
Advantages of AFM
AFM as nanorobot
Force sensing Integrated Readout and Active Tip
AFM infrared spectroscopy
Cantilever technology
CytoViva® Microscope System
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Fluorescence by Unbound Excitation from Luminescence
Magnetic resonance force microscopy and nanoscale MRI
Multiple single-molecule fluorescence microscopy
Near-field scanning optical microscopy
Nano-sized light source for single cell endoscopy
Nanoparticle characterization by Nanosight LM10 technology
Nanoscale scanning electron microscopy
Use of SEM to reconstruct 3D tissue nanostructure
Optical Imaging with a Silver Superlens
Partial wave spectroscopy
Photoactivated localization microscopy
Scanning probe microscopy
Single-molecule photon localization microscopy
STED microscopy
Super-resolution microscopy for in vivo cell imaging
Nanomicroscopy for live cell tomography
RESOLFT Nanoscopy
Ultra-nanocrystalline diamond
Visualizing atoms with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
Surface plasmon resonance
Nanotechnology and phototherapy
3. Nanotechnologies for Basic Research Relevant to Medicine
Nanotechnology and biology
NanoSystems Biology
Nanobiology and the cell
Biosensing of cellular responses
Control of T cell signaling activity
Measuring mass of single cells
Nanostructures involved in endocytosis
Nanoparticles for in vivo study of cells
Nanotechnology-based live-cell single molecule assays
Quantum dots for stem cell labeling
Quantum dot/antibody conjugates for in vivo cytometric imaging
Quantum dots for study of apoptosis
Ribosome as a Brownian nanomachine
Single cell injection by nanolasers
Study of complex biological systems
Tissue-engineering for studying effects of nanoparticles on cells
Molecular motors
Nanomotor made of nucleic acids
phi29 DNA packaging nanomotor
Light-activated ion channel molecular machines
Application of AFM for biomolecular imaging
Future insights into biomolecular processes by AFM
4Pi microscopy to study DNA double-strand breaks
Nanoscale DNA imaging
Multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry
Applications of biomolecular computing in life sciences
Bacteria for construction of nanomachines
Natural nanocomposites
Nanotechnology in biological research
QDs for biological research
Molecular biology and nanotechnology
Structural DNA nanotechnology
RNA nanotechnology
Genetically engineered proteins for nanobiotechnology
Single molecule studies
3D single-molecular imaging by coherent X-ray diffraction imaging
Nanoscale NMR for imaging single molecules
Optical trapping and single-molecule fluorescence
Study of molecular assembly of single molecules in living cells
Nanoscale pH Meter
Nanolaser applications in life sciences
Atomic force microscopy
DNA nanomanipulation
Fluorescence-force spectroscopy
Nanomanipulation by combination of AFM and other devices
Surgery on living cells using AFM with nanoneedles
Manipulation of DNA sequence by use of nanoparticles as laser light antennas
Nanomanipulation of single molecule
Nanomanipulation for study of mechanism of anticancer drugs
Optoelectronic tweezers
Optical manipulation of nanoparticles
Nanotechnology in genomic research
Nanotechnology for separation of DNA fragments
Nanotechnology-based DNA sequencing
Role of nanobiotechnology in identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms
Nanobiotechnology for study of mitochondria
Nanomaterials for the study of mitochondria
Study of mitochondria with nanolaser spectroscopy
Biochips for nanoscale proteomics
Protein biochips based on fluorescence planar wave guide technology
Nanofilter array chip
Dynamic reassembly of peptides
High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility mass spectrometry
Manipulation of redox systems by nanotechnology
Multi Photon Detection
Nanoflow liquid chromatography
Nanoparticle-protein interactions
Nanopore-based protein sequencing
Nanopores for phosphoprotein analysis
Nanoproteomics for study of misfolded proteins
Nanotube electronic biosensor for proteomics
Protein nanocrystallography
Protein engineering on nanoscale
Nanowires for protein engineering
A nanoscale mechanism for protein engineering
Role of nanoparticles in self-assembly of proteins
Role of nanotechnology in peptide engineering
QD-protein nanoassembly
Single cell nanoprobe for studying gene expression of individual cells
Single cell nanoproteomics
Study of proteins by atomic force microscopy
Study of proteomics at single molecule level
Assays for protein expression at the single molecule level
Imaging proteins at the single-molecule level
Mass spectrometry of single-molecules using nanotechnology
Study of protein synthesis and single-molecule processes
Role of nanotechnology in study of membrane proteins
Nanoparticles for study of membrane proteins
Study of single protein interaction with cell membrane
Quantum dots to label cell surface proteins
Study of single membrane proteins at subnanometer resolution
Self-assembling peptide scaffold technology for 3D cell culture
Nanobiotechnology and ion channels
AFM for characterization of ion channels
Aquaporin water channels
Nanopatch™ for study of ion channels at single molecule level
Remote control of ion channels through magnetic-field heating of nanoparticles
Role of nanobiotechnology in engineering ion channels
Nanobiotechnology for single cell analysis
Nanotechnology and bioinformatics
3D nano-map of synapse
4. Nanomolecular Diagnostics
Rationale of nanotechnology for molecular diagnostics
Nanoarrays for molecular diagnostics
Fullerene photodetectors for chemiluminescence detection on microfluidic chip
Microfluidics and nanotech tools for single cell analysis
Nanofluidic/nanoarray devices to detect a single molecule of DNA
Protein nanoarrays
Protein nanobiochip
Silver nanorod array for on-chip detection of microbes and chemicals
AFM for molecular diagnostics
Nanofountain AFM probe
AFM for immobilization of biomolecules in high-density microarrays
AFM for nanodissection of chromosomes
Nanoparticles for molecular diagnostics
3DNA® Dendrimers for diagnostics
Carbon nanotubes
Exosome-based molecular diagnostics
Gold nanoparticles
Quantum dots for molecular diagnostics
QDs for detection of pathogenic microorganisms
Bioconjugated QDs for multiplexed profiling of biomarkers
Imaging of living tissue with QDs
Use of nanocrystals in immunohistochemistry
Magnetic nanoparticles
Magnetic nanoparticles for bioscreening
Monitoring of implanted NSCs labeled with nanoparticles
Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles to track therapeutic cells in vivo
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles for cell tracking
SPIONS for real-time tracking of viral delivery
SPIONs for calcium sensing
Magnetic nanoparticles for labeling molecules
Study of living cells by SPIONs
Imaging applications of nanoparticles
CT image enhancement by nanoparticles
Dendritic nanoprobes for imaging of angiogenesis
Functionalized MWCNTs as ultrasound contrast agents
Nanoparticles as contrast-enhancing agents for MRI
Gadolinium-loaded dendrimer nanoparticles for tumor-specific MRI
Gadonanotubes for MRI
Gold nanorods and nanoparticles as imaging agents
In vivo imaging using nanoparticles
Manganese oxide nanoparticles as contrast agent for brain MRI
Magnetic nanoparticles as contrast agents for MRI of pancreas
Nanoparticles as contrast agent for MRI
Optical molecular imaging using targeted magnetic nanoprobes
QDs for biological imaging
SPIONs combined with MRI
Concluding remarks and prospects of nanoparticles for imaging
Applications of nanopore technology for molecular diagnostics
Nanopore technology for detection of single DNA molecules
DNA-protein and -nanoparticle conjugates
Resonance Light Scattering technology
Nanobarcodes technology
Nanobarcode particle technology for SNP genotyping
QD nanobarcode for multiplexed gene expression profiling
Biobarcode assay for proteins
Single-molecule barcoding system for DNA analysis
Nanoparticle-based colorimetric DNA detection method
Nanoparticle-based up-converting phosphor technology
Surface-Enhanced Resonant Raman Spectroscopy
Near-infrared (NIR)-emissive polymersomes
Nanobiotechnology for detection of proteins
Captamers with proximity extension assay for proteins
Cantilevers as biosensors for molecular diagnostics
Advantages of cantilever technology for molecular recognition
Antibody-coated nanocantilevers for detection of microorganisms
Carbon nanotube biosensors
Carbon nanotube sensors coated with ssDNA and electronic readout
Carbon nanotubes sensors wrapped with DNA and optical detection
FRET-based DNA nanosensor
Graphene biosensor based on Raman spectroscopy
Ion channel switch biosensor technology
Electrochemical nanobiosensor
Electronic nanobiosensors
Metallic nanobiosensors
Nanomaterial-based sensors for diagnosis from exhaled breath
Quartz nanobalance biosensor
Viral nanosensor
PEBBLE nanosensors
Detection of cocaine molecules by nanoparticle-labeled aptasensors
Nanosensors for glucose monitoring
Nanobiosensors for protein detection
Optical biosensors
Laser nanosensors
Interferometric reflectance imaging sensors
Nanoshell biosensors
Plasmonics and SERS nanoprobes
Optical mRNA biosensors
Surface Enhanced Microoptical Fluidic Systems
Nanoparticle-enhanced sensitivity of fluorescence-based biosensors
Nanowire biosensors
Nanowire biosensors for detection of cancer biomarkers
Nanowire biosensors for detection of single viruses
Nanowires for detection of genetic disorders
Nanowires biosensor for detecting biowarfare agents
Concluding remarks and prospects of nanowire biosensors
Future issues in the development of nanobiosensors
Applications of nanodiagnostics
Nanotechnology for detection of biomarkers
Nanotechnology for genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms
Nanoparticles for detecting SNPs
Nanopores for detecting SNPs
Nanobiotechnologies for single molecule detection
Protease-activated QD probes
Labeling of MSCs with QDs
Nanotechnology for point-of-care diagnostics
Nanoswitch-linked immunosorbent assay
Nanotechnology-based biochips for POC diagnosis
Carbon nanotube transistors for genetic screening
POC monitoring of vital signs with nanobiosensors
Nanodiagnostics for the battle field and biodefense
NANOANTENNA project of European Commission
Nanodiagnostics for integrating diagnostics with therapeutics
Concluding remarks about nanodiagnostics
Clinical trials of nanodiagnostics
Future of nanodiagnostics
5. Nanopharmaceuticals
Nanobiotechnology for drug discovery
Nanofluidic devices for drug discovery
Gold nanoparticles for drug discovery
Tracking drug molecules in cells
SPR with colloidal gold particles
Use of QDs for drug discovery
Advantages of the use of QDs for drug discovery
Drawbacks of the use of QDs for drug discovery
QDs for imaging drug receptors in the brain
Lipoparticles for drug discovery
Biosensor for drug discovery with Lipoparticles
Magnetic nanoparticles assays
Analysis of small molecule-protein interactions by nanowire biosensors
Cells targeting by nanoparticles with attached small molecules
Role of AFM for study of biomolecular interactions for drug discovery
Nanoscale devices for drug discovery
Nanotechnology for drug design at cellular level
Role of nanobiotechnology in the future of drug discovery
Nanobiotechnology-based drug development
Dendrimers as drugs
Fullerenes as drug candidates
Companies involved in nanobodies
Exosome-based pharmaceuticals
Preclinical studies of nanoparticles in animals and humans
Manufacture of nanomedicines
Role of nanobiotechnology in microbial biofabrication
Nanobiotechnology in drug delivery
Ideal properties of material for drug delivery
Improved absorption of drugs in nanoparticulate form
Interaction of nanoparticles with human blood
Nanoscale devices delivery of therapeutics
Nanobiotechnology solutions to the problems of drug delivery
Nanocomposites for protein delivery
Nanocomposite membranes for magnetically triggered drug delivery
Nanosuspension formulations
Nanotechnology-based refilling of drug delivery depots through circulation
Self-assembled nanostructures with hydrogels for drug delivery
Nanomaterials and nanobiotechnologies used for drug delivery
Viruses as nanomaterials for drug delivery
Bacteria-mediated delivery of nanoparticles and drugs into cells
Bacterial viral membranes
Cell-penetrating peptides
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery
Cationic nanoparticles
Ceramic nanoparticles
Cyclodextrin nanoparticles for drug delivery
Dendrimers for drug delivery
DNA-assembled dendrimers for drug delivery
DNA tetrahedron-based drug delivery system
Exosomes for drug delivery
Fullerenes for drug delivery
Amphiphilic fullerene derivatives
Fullerene conjugates for intracellular delivery of peptides
Gold nanoparticles as drug carriers
Layered double hydroxide nanoparticles
Micelles for drug delivery
Nanocrystalline silver
Elan's NanoCrystal technology
Biorise system
Polymer nanoparticles
Biodegradable PEG nanoparticles for penetrating the mucus barrier
PLGA-based nanodelivery technologies
Polymeric micelles
Chitosan nanoparticles
QDs for drug delivery
Special procedures in nanoparticle-based drug delivery
Coated nanoparticles for penetrating cell membranes without damage
Combinatorial synthesis of nanoparticles for intracellular delivery
Drug delivery using "Particle Replication in Nonwetting Templates"
Encapsulating water-insoluble drugs in nanoparticles
Filomicelles vs spherical nanoparticles for drug delivery
Flash NanoPrecipitation
Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery
Nanoparticles bound together in spherical shapes
Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles for imaging and targeted drug-delivery
Prolonging circulation of nanoparticles by attachment to RBCs
Self-assembling nanoparticles for intracellular drug delivery
Trojan nanoparticles
Therapeutic protein delivery from nanoparticle-protein complexes
Triggered release of drugs from nanoparticles
Basics of liposomes
Stabilization of phospholipid liposomes using nanoparticles
Lipid nanoparticles
Advantages of the lipid nanoparticle technology
Applications of lipid nanoparticles
Lipid nanocapsules
Lipid emulsions with nanoparticles
Polymerized liposomal nanoparticle
Solid lipid nanoparticles
Nanostructured organogels
Limitations of liposomes for drug delivery
Liposomes incorporating fullerenes
Liposome-nanoparticle hybrids
Nanogel-liposome combination
Carbon nanotubes for drug delivery
CNT-liposome conjugates for drug delivery into cells
Lipid-protein nanotubes for drug delivery
Halloysite nanotubes for drug delivery
Nanobiotechnology and drug delivery devices
Nanotechnology-based device for insulin delivery
Nanoporous materials for drug delivery devices
Nanopore membrane in implantable titanium drug delivery device
Measuring the permeability of nanomembranes
Nanovalves for drug delivery
Nanochips for drug delivery
Nanobiotechnology-based transdermal drug delivery
Delivery of nanostructured drugs from transdermal patches
Effect of mechanical flexion on penetration of bucky balls through the skin
Ethosomes for transdermal drug delivery
NanoCyte transdermal drug delivery system
Safety issues of applications of nanomaterial carriers on the skin
Transdermal administration of lipid nanocapsules
Transdermal nanoparticle preparations for systemic effect
Nasal drug delivery using nanoparticles
Mucosal drug delivery with nanoparticles
Future prospects of nanotechnology-based drug delivery
DNA nanorobots for drug delivery
Nanomolecular valves for controlled drug release
Nanosponge for drug delivery
Nanomotors for drug delivery
6. Role of Nanotechnology in Biological Therapies
Nanotechnology for delivery of proteins and peptides
Nanobiotechnology for vaccine delivery
Bacterial spores for delivery of vaccines
Dendrimer-RNA nanoparticle vaccines
Lipid nanoparticles for immunostimulatory RNA delivery
Nanoparticles for DNA vaccines
Nanoparticle-based adjuvants for vaccines
Nanospheres for controlled release of viral antigens
Nanotechnology-based mucosal vaccines
Nanotechnology for oral vaccines
Proteosomes™ as vaccine delivery vehicles
Targeted Synthetic Vaccine Particle (tSVP™) technology
Virus-mimetic nanovesicles as an antigen-delivery system
Nanobiotechnology for cell therapy
Nano-biocomposites containing living cells
Nanobiotechnology for gene therapy
Nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as nonviral vectors
Carbonate apatite nanoparticles for gene delivery
Dendrimers for gene transfer
DNA nanoparticles
Gelatin nanoparticles for gene delivery
Gene delivery by magnetic field and superparamagnetic nanoparticles
Immunoliposomes for delivery anticancer gene therapy
Lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery of nucleic acids
Magnetic nanoparticles for targeted gene delivery
Nanoparticles for imaging and intracellular delivery of nucleic acids
Nanoparticles linked to viral vectors for photothermal therapy
Nanoparticles for p53 gene therapy of cancer
Nanoparticles with virus-like function as gene therapy vectors
Nanobiolistics for nucleic acid delivery
Nanorod gene therapy
Nanomagnets for targeted cell-based cancer gene therapy
NanoNeedles for delivery of genetic material into cells
Photo-controlled in vivo activation of biomolecules by nanoparticles
Silica nanoparticles for gene delivery
Nanobiotechnology for antisense drug delivery
Antisense nanoparticles
Dendrimers for antisense drug delivery
Polymer nanoparticles for antisense delivery system
Nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery
Chitosan-coated nanoparticles for siRNA delivery
Delivery of siRNA by nanosize liposomes
Delivery of gold nanorod-siRNA nanoplex to dopaminergic neurons
Polymer-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery
Polyethylenimine nanoparticles for siRNA delivery
siRNA-PEG nanoparticle-based delivery
Polycation-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery
Calando's technology for targeted delivery of anticancer siRNA
Self-assembling nanoplatform for delivery of siRNA
Topical delivery of siRNA-nanoparticle conjugates
Quantum dots to monitor RNAi delivery
RNAi-based nanomedicines for gene silencing in hematological malignancies
Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery
7. Nanodevices & Techniques for Clinical Applications
Clinical nanodiagnostics
Application of nanotechnology in radiology
High-resolution ultrasound imaging using nanoparticles
Nanobiotechnology in tissue engineering
3D nanofilament-based scaffolds
Electrospinning technology for nanobiofabrication
Nanomaterials for tissue engineering
Carbon nanotubes for artificial muscles
Nanofibers for tissue engineering of skeletal muscle
Nanobiotechnology for tissue regeneration
Nanofibrous scaffolds for stem cell-based regenerative therapies
Tissue nanotransfection for reprogramming tissue
Nanomaterials for combining tissue engineering and drug delivery
Nanoscale surfaces for stem cell culture
Nanobiotechnology for organ replacement and assisted function
Exosomes for drug-free organ transplants
Nanobiotechnology and organ-assisting devices
Miniaturization in surgery
Nanotechnology for hemostasis during surgery
Minimally invasive surgery using catheters
In vivo microbot propulsion
Nanobots for drug delivery to the eye
Nanoscale laser surgery
8. Nanooncology
Nanobiotechnology for detection of cancer
Aptasensor for electrochemical detection of exosomes
Aptamer-nanoparticle combinations for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics
Dendrimers for sensing cancer cell apoptosis
Detection of circulating cancer cells
DNA nanospheres for isolation of CTCs
Magnetic nanoparticles for capturing CTCs
Nano-Velcro technology for capturing CTCs
Gold nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis
Gold nanorods for detection of metastatic tumor cells
Magnetoacoustic detection of cancer using superparamagnetic nanoparticles
Nanosensors for cancer diagnosis
Differentiation between normal and cancer cells by nanosensors
Implanted biosensor for cancer
Nanotubes for detection of cancer proteins
Nanobiochip sensor technique for analysis of oral cancer biomarkers
Nanodots for tracking apoptosis in cancer
Nanolaser spectroscopy for detection of cancer in single cells
Nanoparticles designed for dual-mode imaging of cancer
Nanotechnology-based single molecule assays for cancer
QDs for detection of tumors
QD-based test for DNA methylation
Spectral imaging and CNTs in malignant tumors
Nanobiotechnology for early detection of cancer to improve treatment
Nanobiotechnology-based drug delivery in cancer
Nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery in cancer
Anticancer drug particles incorporated in liposomes
Doxorubicin nanocarriers
Curcumin nanoformulation as cancer therapeutics
Encapsulating drugs in hydrogel nanoparticles
Folate-linked nanoparticles
Ginger nanoparticles for delivery of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer
Gold nanoparticles stabilized with resveratrol
Iron oxide nanoparticles
Lipid based nanocarriers
Micelles for drug delivery in cancer
Minicells for targeted delivery of nanoscale anticancer therapeutics
Nanoconjugates for subcutaneous delivery of anticancer drugs
Nanomaterials for delivery of poorly soluble anticancer drugs
Nanoparticle formulation for enhancing anticancer efficacy of cisplatin
Nanoparticle formulations of paclitaxel
Nanoparticles containing albumin and antisense oligonucleotides
Nanorobots for anticancer drug delivery
Nanovesicle-mediated drug delivery in cancer
Niosomes for anticancer drug delivery
Pegylated nanoliposomal formulation
Peptide-linked nanoparticle delivery
Poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate nanoparticles
Polypeptide-doxorubicin conjugated nanoparticles
Porous silicon nanoparticles for cancer drug delivery
Protein nanocages for penetration of airway mucous and tumors
Protosphere nanoparticle technology
siRNA delivery in combination with nanochemotherapy
Zinc oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer
Nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics
Aptamer nanoformulations for targeted anticancer therapy
Bacteriophage capsid-based nanoparticles for targeted cell-delivery
Canine parvovirus as a nanocontainer for targeted drug delivery
Carbon nanotubes for targeted drug delivery to cancer cells
Carbon magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer
Chitosan nanoparticles for targeted anticancer drug delivery
CRLX101 for targeted anticancer drug delivery
Cyclosert system for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics
Fullerenes for enhancing tumor targeting by antibodies
Gold nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer
Hepatic artery infusion of LDL-DHA nanoparticles for liver cancer
Hyaluronic acid nanocarriers for targeted anticancer therapeutics
Magnetic nanoparticles for remote-controlled drug delivery to tumors
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Monitoring of targeted delivery by nanoparticle-peptide conjugates
Nanobees for targeted delivery of cytolytic peptide melittin
Nanobody-shell polymeric micelles for targeted drug delivery
Nanocarrier-based targeted delivery od RNAi-based therapy
Nanoformulations of monoclonal antibodies for targeted drug delivery
Nanogel-based stealth cancer vaccine targeting macrophages
Nanovehicles for targeted delivery of paclitaxel
Nanocell for targeted drug delivery to tumor
Nanodiamonds for local delivery of chemotherapy at site of cancer
Nanoimmunoliposome-based system for targeted delivery of siRNA
Nanoparticle-mediated targeting of MAPK signaling pathway
Nanoparticles for targeted antisense therapy of cancer
Nanoparticles for delivery of suicide DNA to prostate tumors
Nanoparticles for targeted delivery of concurrent chemoradiation
Nanoparticle-based therapy targeted to cancer metastases
Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of multiple anticancer agents
Nanostructured hyaluronic acid for targeted drug delivery in cancer
Perfluorocarbon emulsion for targeted chemotherapeutic delivery
Polymer nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer
Polymersomes for targeted cancer drug delivery
Quantum dots and quantum rods for targeted drug delivery in cancer
Quinic acid-nanoparticle conjugates
Remote controlled drug delivery from magnetic nanocrystals
Targeted delivery of nanoparticulate drugs into lymphatic system
Targeted drug delivery with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates
Use of T cells for delivery of gold nanoparticles to tumors
Dendrimers for anticancer drug delivery
Application of dendrimers in boron neutron capture therapy
Application of dendrimers in photodynamic therapy
Dendrimer-based synthetic vector for targeted cancer gene therapy
Poly-L-lysine dendrimer as antiangiogenetic agent
RNA nanotechnology for delivery of cancer therapeutics
Delivery of siRNAs for cancer
Combination delivery systems for nanoparticle penetration into tumor tissue
Nanotechnology-based cancer therapy
Devices for nanotechnology-based cancer therapy
Convection-enhanced delivery with nanoliposomal CPT-11
Nanoengineered silicon for brachytherapy
Anticancer effect of nanoparticles
Antiangiogenic therapy using nanoparticles
Cytotoxic effects of cancer nanoparticles
Gold nanoparticles for inhibiting tumor growth
Nanoshell-based cancer therapy
Nanobody-based cancer therapy
Nanosecond pulsed electric fields for cancer therapy
Nanoparticles combined with physical agents for tumor ablation
Boron neutron capture therapy using nanoparticles
Gold nanoparticles combined with radiation therapy
Laser-induced cancer destruction using nanoparticles
Nanoparticle-mediated thermal ablation of cancer
Temperature-sensitive liposomes for cancer destruction
Ultrasound radiation of tumors combined with nanoparticles
Nanomedicines combined with molecular targeted anticancer therapeutics
Bispecific nanobioconjugate for targeted cancer immunotherapy
PFTBA@Alb nanoparticles as enhancers of anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy
Impact of nanotechnology-based imaging in management of cancer
Cornell dots for cancer imaging
Nanoparticles and optoacoustic imaging in management of cancer
Nanoparticle-MRI for tracking dendritic cells in cancer therapy
Nanoparticle-CT scan
Nanosensor device as an aid to cancer surgery
Nanoparticle-based imaging in oncology clinical trials
QDs aid lymph node mapping in cancer
Single wall carbon nanotubes for targeted imaging of tumors
Nanoparticles for targeted therapy of tumors
Nanocarriers with TGF-β inhibitors for targeting cancer
Nanobombs for cancer
Nanoparticle-based anticancer drug delivery to overcome MDR
Time-delayed, dual-drug nanoparticle delivery system
Combination of diagnostics and therapeutics for cancer
Aptamer conjugated magnetic nanoparticles
Biomimetic nanoparticles targeted to tumors
Dendrimer nanoparticles for targeting and imaging tumors
Gold nanoparticle plus bombesin for imaging and therapy of cancer
Gold nanorods for diagnosis plus photothermal therapy of cancer
Gold nanotubes for diagnosis plus photothermal therapy of cancer
Magnetic nanoparticles for imaging as well as therapy of cancer
Micelles for targeted drug delivery and PET imaging in cancer
Nanobialys for combining MRI with delivery of anticancer agents
Nanoparticles, MRI and thermal ablation of tumors
pHLIP nanotechnology for detection and targeted therapy of cancer
QD conjugates combine cancer imaging, therapy and sensing
Silica nanoparticles for combining diagnosis with cancer therapy
Squalene-based nanocomposites for tumor imaging and therapy
Radiolabeled carbon nanotubes for tumor imaging and targeting
Ultrasonic tumor imaging and targeted chemotherapy by nanobubbles
Role of nanobiotechnology in cancer immunotherapy
Nanorobotics for management of cancer
Bacterial nanorobots for targeting cancer
DNA robots for targeting cancer
Fullerenes for protection against chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity
Concluding remarks and future of nanooncology
9. Nanoneurology
Nanobiotechnology for neurophysiological studies
Nanoelectrodes in neurophysiology
Chronic EEG recording
Nanoscale devices for network-level electrophysiology
Chronic subcellular recording from implanted electrodes
Nanowires for monitoring brain activity via blood vessels
Gold nanoparticles for in vivo study of neural function
Nanodiagnosis and nanoparticle-based brain imaging
Applications of nanotechnology in molecular imaging of the brain
Nanoparticles and MRI for macrophage tracking in the CNS
Nanoparticles for tracking stem cells for therapy of CNS disorders
Multifunctional NPs for diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery to the CNS
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery for neurodegenerative disorders
Nanoencapsulation for delivery of vitamin E for Alzheimer disease
Selegiline-PEG nanoparticles targeting Aβ fibrils in Alzheimer disease
Nanoparticles for drug delivery across BBB
Carbon nanotubes for drug delivery to the CNS
Nanoagonists of adenosine receptor for delivery across BBB
Nanovesicles for transport across BBB
V-SMART® drug delivery platform
Mechanism of the nanoparticle-mediated transport of the drugs across the BBB
Transcytosis of transferrin-containing nanoparticles across the BBB
Nanotechnology-based strategies for drug delivery across BBB
LipoBridge technology
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery to brain tumors
Intravenous gene delivery with nanoparticles into brain tumors
Micelles for delivery of chemotherapy to brain tumors
Multifunctional nanoparticles for treating brain tumors
Nanoparticles for delivery of drugs to brain tumors across BBB
NP delivery across the BBB for imaging and therapy of brain tumors
NP-based targeted delivery of chemotherapy across the BBB
PLA nanoparticles for controlled delivery of BCNU to brain tumors
Nanoparticles as nonviral vectors for CNS gene therapy
Silica nanoparticles for CNS gene therapy
Cationic lipids for CNS gene therapy
Polyethylenimine-based nanoparticles for CNS gene therapy
Dendrimers for CNS gene therapy
Carbon nanotubes for CNS gene therapy
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery to the inner ear
Nanotechnology-based devices and implants for CNS
Nanobiotechnology and neuroprotection
Neuroprotection due to antioxidant effect of nanoparticles
Neuroprotective nanoparticles that inhibit neuroinflammation
Neuroprotective nanoparticles that inhibit Aβ formation
Nanobiotechnology for regeneration and repair of the CNS
Nanowire neuroprosthetics with functional membrane proteins
Nanotube-neuron electronic interface
Role of nanobiotechnology in regeneration and repair following CNS trauma
Nanofibers as an aid to CNS regeneration by neural progenitor cells
Peptide nanostructures for repair of the CNS
Nanobiotechnology for repair and regeneration following TBI
Nanoparticles for repair following SCI
Repair of SCI by nanoscale micelles
Nanobiotechnology-based devices for restoration of neural function
Nanobiotechnology-based artificial retina
Role of nanomedicine in treatment of neurodegenerative disorders
Bucky balls for brain cancer
Electrospun nanofiber tubes for regeneration of peripheral nerves
Femtolaser neurosurgery
Graphene technology for neurosurgery
Nanofiber brain implants
Nanoparticles as an aid to neurosurgery
Nanoscaffold for CNS repair
Application of nanobiotechnology to pain therapeutics
10. Nanocardiology
Nanotechnology-based cardiovascular diagnosis
Detection of biomarkers of myocardial infarction in saliva by a nanobiochip
Nanobiosensors for detection of cardiovascular disorders
Use of magnetic NPs as MRI contrast agents for cardiac imaging
Perfluorocarbon NPs for combining diagnosis with therapy in cardiology
Cardiac monitoring in sleep apnea
Detection and treatment of atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries
Monitoring for disorders of blood coagulation
Nanotechnology-based therapeutic delivery in cardiology
Combination of diagnostics with therapeutics
Controlled delivery of nanoparticles to injured vasculature
Nanobiotechnology-based therapeutic delivery in myocardial ischemia
IGF-1 delivery by nanofibers for cell therapy of myocardial infarction
Injectable peptide nanofibers for myocardial ischemia
Liposomal nanodevices for targeted cardiovascular drug delivery
Low molecular weight heparin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles
Magnetic antibody-linked nanoparticles to deliver cells to the heart
Nanoparticles for cardiovascular imaging and targeted drug delivery
Nanofiber-based scaffolds with drug-release properties
NP-based systemic drug delivery to prevent cardiotoxicity
Targeted nanoparticle-DNA delivery to the cardiovascular system
Nanotechnology-based therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases
Nanolipoblockers for atherosclerotic arterial plaques
Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery for atherosclerotic heart disease
Nanotechnology approach to the vulnerable plaque as cause of cardiac arrest
Nanotechnology for regeneration of the cardiovascular system
Nanotechnology for cardiac revascularization
Nanocomposite hydrogels for myocardial tissue engineering
Nanotechnology-based stents
Restenosis after percutaneous coronary angioplasty
Drugs encapsulated in biodegradable nanoparticles
Magnetic nanoparticle-coated DES
Magnetic nanoparticles encapsulating paclitaxel targeted to stents
Nanocoated DES
Nanopores to enhance compatibility of DES
Application of nanotechnology in cardiac catheterization
11. Nanopulmonology
Nanoparticles for pulmonary drug delivery
Systemic drug delivery via pulmonary route
Nanoparticle drug delivery for effects on the respiratory system
Fate and toxicology of nanoparticles delivered to the lungs
Nanoparticle drug formulations for spray inhalation
Nanobiotechnology for improving insulin delivery in diabetes
Inhalation of glucose-sensitive NP for regulated release of insulin
Pulmonary delivery of insulin by surface acoustic wave technology
Nanotechnology-based pharmaceuticals for pulmonary disorders
Nanotechnology-based treatment of pulmonary disorders
Management of cystic fibrosis
Nanobiotechnology-based gene transfer in CF
Nonviral DNA nanoparticle-mediated CFTR gene transfer
Liposome-mediated CFTR gene transfer
Magnetofection for enhancing nonviral gene transfer to the airways
NP-based delivery of antibiotics for treatment of pulmonary infections in CF
Nanotechnology-based treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Nanotechnology-based treatment of pulmonary inflammation
12. Nanoorthopedics
Application of nanotechnology for bone research
Reducing reaction to orthopedic implants
Enhancing the activity of bone cells on the surface of orthopedic implants
Synthetic nanomaterials as bone implants
NanoBone implants
NanoBone versus BioOss
Nanoparticles for repairing bone cracks
Nanotechnology-based bone regeneration
Delivery of growth factors for bone repair and regeneration
Role of nanoparticles in regenerative therapy for osteoporosis
Aligning nanotubes to improve artificial joints
Carbon nanotubes as scaffolds for bone growth
Nanoparticle-based hydrogels for cartilage regeneration
Nanotechnology for engineering of cartilage replacement
Cartilage disorders of knee joint
Nanotechnology as an aid to arthroscopy
Nanotechnology-based therapy for osteoarthritis
13. Nanoophthalmology
Nanocarriers for ocular drug delivery
Dendrimers for drug delivery in ophthalmology
DNA nanoparticles for nonviral gene transfer to the eye
Nanoparticle-based topical drug application to the eye
Lipid nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery
Nanoparticles for intraocular drug delivery
Nanoparticles impregnated ocular inserts for drug delivery to the eye
Ophthalmic drug delivery through nanoparticles in contact lenses
Nanotechnology-based therapeutics for eye disorders
Nanotechnology for prevention of neovascularization
Nanoparticles as nonviral vectors for gene therapy of retinal disorders
Nanobiotechnology for treatment of glaucoma
Nanotechnology for treatment for age-related macular degeneration
14. Nanomicrobiology
Nanodiagnosis of infections
Detection of viruses
Cantilever beams for detection of single virus particles
Carbon nanotubes-based detection of viruses
Electric fields for accelerating detection of viruses
QD fluorescent probes for detection of respiratory viral infections
Verigene Respiratory Virus Plus Assay
Surface enhanced Raman scattering for detection of viruses
Detection of bacteria
Nanoparticle-based methods for bacterial detection
QDs for detection of bacterial infections
Role of nanobiotechnology in diagnosis of fungal infections
Magnetic nanoparticle-based technique for detection of fungi
Nano-amplification technique for the detection of fungal pathogens
Role of nanobacteria in human diseases
Nature of nanobacteria
Nanobacteria and kidney stone formation
Nanobacteria in cardiovascular disease
Nanotechnology-based microbicidal agents
Carbon nanotubes as antimicrobial agents
Gold and silver nanoparticles as antibacterial agents
Gold nanoparticles for targeting drug-resistant bacteria
Nanocarriers for antibacterial peptides
Nanoemulsions as microbicidal agents
Nanoparticles for overcoming antibiotic resistance
Nanoformulations of antifungal agents
Nanoscale bactericidal powders
Nanotubes for detection and destruction of bacteria
Nanoscale surface structure for antibacterial defense
Silver nanoparticle coating as prophylaxis against infection
Nanobiotechnology and virology
Study of interaction of nanoparticles with viruses
Study of pathomechanism of viral diseases
Transdermal nanoparticles for immune enhancement in HIV
Nanofiltration to remove viruses from plasma transfusion products
Nanotechnology-based antiviral agents
Dendrimer-based intracellular delivery of antibodies
Dendrimers as nonviral vectors in dendritic cell-based immunotherapies
Fullerenes as antiviral agents
Gold nanorod-based delivery of RNA antiviral therapeutics
Nanocoating for antiviral effect
Nanocarrier-mediated siRNA delivery for treatment of HIV/AIDS
Silver nanoparticles as antiviral agents
siRNA lipid nanoparticle for the treatment of Ebola virus infection.
Nanobiotechnology approaches to treatment of infectious diseases
Nanobiotechnology-based treatment of leishmaniasis
15. Miscellaneous Healthcare Applications of Nanobiotechnology
Fullerenes for interruption of allergic/immune response
Carbon nanoparticle-based immunomodulation
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Inflammatory diseases
Rheumatoid arthritis
Artificial red cells
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery for gastrointestinal disorders
Ginger nanoparticles for IBS
Nanoparticles for targeted therapeutic delivery to the liver
Nanobiotechnology-based renal dialysis
Nanotechnology-based human nephron filter for renal failure
Blood-compatible membranes for renal dialysis
Ceramic filter for renal dialysis
Nanotechnology for wound healing
Nanocrystalline silver delivery to wound dressings
Nanoengineered bandage for wound care
Nanodots for infected wound repair
Nanotechnology-based products for skin disorders
Cubosomes for treating skin disorders of premature infants.
Nanoparticles for improving targeted topical therapy of skin
Nanoparticle-based sun screens
Nanoengineered bionic skin
Topical nanocreams for inflammatory disorders of the skin
Nanobiotechnology for disorders of aging
Personal care products based on nanotechnology
Nanotechnology for hair care
Bonding materials
Dental caries
Nanospheres for dental hypersensitivity
Nanomaterials for dental filling
Nanomaterials for dental implants
Nanodiamonds for root canal repair
Nanomedical aspects of oxidative stress
Nanoparticle antioxidants
Fullerene-based antioxidants
Ceria nanoparticles as neuroprotective antioxidants
Antioxidant nanoparticles for treating diseases due to oxidative stress
Nanotechnology and homeopathic medicines
Nanoparticles as antidotes for poisons
Nanoparticles for chemo-radioprotection
Role of nanobiotechnology in biodefense
Nanoparticles to combat microbial warfare agents
Removal of toxins from blood
Nanobiotechnology for public health
Nanotechnology for water purification
Nanofiltration to remove viruses from water
Nanostructured membranes for water purification
Nanotechnologies for water remediation
Nanotechnology-based photochemical water purification
Magnetic nanoscavengers for water purification
Nanobiotechnology and nutrition
Nanobiotechnology and food industry
Role of nanobiotechnology in personalized nutrition
16. Nanobiotechnology and Personalized Medicine
Role of nanobiotechnology in personalized management of cancer
Nanotechnology-based personalized medicine for cardiology
Nanobiotechnology for therapeutics design and monitoring
Smart nanosystems for personalized medicine
Nanosystems that respond to disease environments
17. Nanotoxicology
Fate of nanoparticles in the human body
Nanoparticle-protein interactions
Protein corona and nanoparticle toxicity
Systemic toxicity of protein corona
Protein corona and cytotoxicity
Computational prediction of toxicity of nanosubstances
In vitro vs in vivo testing for toxicity of nanoparticles
Stem cellines for testing toxicity of nanoparticles
Safety studies of graphene quantum dots
Variations in safety issues of different nanoparticles
Carbon nanotube safety
Fullerene toxicity
Gold nanoparticle toxicity
Graphene toxicity
Quantum dot safety issues
Toxicity of gold nanoparticle as synergistic interaction with surfactants
Effects of nanoparticles on various body systems
Pulmonary effects of nanoparticles
Nanoparticle deposits in the brain
Nanoparticles and neurodegeneration
Effect of nanoparticles on the heart
Blood compatibility of nanoparticles
Carbon nanoparticle-induced platelet aggregation
Compatibility of lipid-based nanoparticles with blood and blood cells
Transfer of nanoparticles from mother to fetus
Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles
Indirect DNA damage caused by nanoparticles across cellular barriers
Measures to reduce toxicity of nanoparticles
Reducing toxicity of carbon nanotubes
A screening strategy for the hazard identification of nanomaterials
Concluding remarks on safety issues of nanoparticles
Research into effects of nanoparticles in the environment
Effect of magnetite pollution nanoparticles on the human brain
Environmental safety of aerosols released from nanoparticle manufacture
Role of US government agencies in research on safety of nanoparticles
Work at NanoSafety Laboratories Inc UCLA
Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology
European NEST project for risk assessment of exposure to nanoparticles
Nanoparticles and food safety
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food
Regulatory viewpoint on nanoparticles in food
Use of water nanostructures for inactivation of foodborne microorganisms
Public perceptions of the safety of nanotechnology
Evaluation of consumer exposure to nanoscale materials
Safety of nanoparticle-based cosmetics
Regulations in the European Union
Nanotechnology-based sunscreens
Cosmetic industry's white paper on nanoparticles in personal care
Skin penetration of nanoparticles used in sunscreens
Titanium dioxide in cosmetics
18. Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Nanomedicine
Ethical and social implications of nanobiotechnology
Nanotechnology patents
Quantum dot patents relevant to healthcare applications
Challenges and future of nanobiotechnology patents
Legal aspects of nanobiotechnology
Nanotechnology standards
Preclinical testing of nanometerials for biological applications
FDA regulation of nanobiotechnology products
FDA and nanotechnology-based medical devices
FDA's Nanotechnology Task Force
FDA collaboration with agencies/organizations relevant to nanotechnology
Regulation of nanotechnology in the European Union
Safety recommendations of the Royal Society of UK
European Commission and safety of nanocosmetics
19. Research and Future of Nanomedicine
Nanobiotechnology research in the academic centers
Clinical trials of nanomedicines
Future of nanomedicine
Support for nanobiotechnology by US Government agencies
Nanomedicine initiative of NIH
US Federal funding for nanobiotechnology
NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer
Centers of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence
Innovative Research in Cancer Nanotechnology
Manufacture of nanomedicines
Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory
Nanomedicine Center for Nucleoprotein Machines
Global Enterprise for Micro-Mechanics and Molecular Medicine
Nanomedicine in Europe
European Technology Platform on NanoMedicine
European Union's "Horizon 2020"
European Nanomedicine Characterisation Laboratory
20. Nanobiotechnology Markets
Markets according to areas of applications
Markets for nanomedicine
Markets for nanodiagnostics
Markets for biochips/microarrays
Imaging agents
Role of nanobiotechnology in drug delivery market
Nanobiotechnology in life sciences research market
Markets according to technologies
Markets for nanomaterials
Markets for biomedical nanodevices
Markets for nanosensors
Markets for nanotools
Geographical distribution of markets
Nanobiotechnology in the US
Nanobiotechnology in the European Union
European Technology Platform on NanoMedicine
Nanobiotechnology in Australia
Nanobiotechnology in Asia
South Korea
Nanobiotechnology in Russia
Nanobiotechnology in the developing world
Venture capital investment in nanotechnology
Big pharma and nanotechnology
Impact of nanobiotechnology on markets for current pharmaceuticals
Unmet needs in nanobiotechnology
Drivers for the development of nanobiotechnology markets
Strategies for developing markets for nanobiotechnology
Collaborations of industry with academic research centers
Collaborations of pharmaceutical and nanotechnology companies
Collaboration of chemical industry and the government
Cost-benefit of nanotechnology-based drug delivery
Education of healthcare professionals
Education of the public
21. References
Table 1-1: Dimensions of various objects in nanoscale
Table 1-2: Historical landmarks in the evolution of nanomedicine
Table 1-3: Nanomedicine in the 21st century
Table 2-1: Classification of basic nanomaterials and nanobiotechnologies
Table 2-2: Applications of S-layers in nanobiotechnology
Table 2-3: Potential applications of dendrimers in nanomedicine
Table 2-4: Nanomaterials for biolabeling
Table 2-5: Applications of cantilever technology
Table 2-6: Applications of optical nanoscopy
Table 3-1: Nanomaterials for the study of mitochondria
Table 4-1: Classification of applications of nanotechnologies in molecular diagnostics
Table 4-2: Nanobiotechnologies for single molecule detection
Table 4-3: Clinical trials of nanodiagnostics
Table 5-1: Basic nanobiotechnologies relevant to drug discovery
Table 5-2: Companies involved in nanobodies
Table 5-3: Nanomaterials used for drug delivery
Table 5-4: Liposome-nanoparticle hybrid systems
Table 6-1: Examples of application of nanoparticles for gene therapy
Table 8-1: Classification of nanobiotechnology approaches to drug delivery in cancer
Table 8-2: Approved anticancer drugs using nanocarriers
Table 8-3: Bioavailability and anticancer effect of curcumin nanoformulations
Table 8-4: Aptamer-based nanoformulations for targeted anticancer therapy
Table 9-1: Neuroprotective nanoparticles
Table 9-2: Role of nanobiotechnology in regeneration and repair following CNS trauma
Table 9-3: Nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in neurodegenerative disorders
Table 10-1: Nanobiotechnology-based therapeutic delivery in myocardial ischemia
Table 11-1: Pharmaceuticals incorporated into nanoparticle systems for pulmonary application.
Table 13-1: Nanoparticles used for drug delivery in ophthalmology
Table 13-2: Nanobiotechnology-based therapy of eye disorders
Table 15-1: Preclinical studies of nanomedicines for rheumatoid arthritis
Table 15-2: Applications of nanotechnologies in food and nutrition sciences
Table 16-1: Examples of nanosystems that respond to disease environments
Table 18-1: FDA-approved nanotechnology based drugs
Table 19-1: Academic institutes/laboratories involved in nanobiotechnology
Table 19-2: Clinical trials of nanotechnology-based therapies
Table 20-1: Nanobiotechnology markets according to areas of application 2019-2029
Table 20-2: Markets for nanobiotechnology according to technologies 2019-2029
Table 20-3: Geographical distribution of nanobiotechnology markets 2019-2029
Table 20-4: Drivers for the development of nanobiotechnology markets
Table 20-5: Strategies for developing markets for nanobiotechnology
Table 20-6: Cost-benefit of nanotechnology-based drug delivery
Figure 1-1: Sizes of biologically entities relevant to the brain
Figure 1-2: Relationship of various biotechnologies to nanomedicine
Figure 2-1: The core, branching and surface molecules of dendrimers
Figure 2-2: Imaging and size distribution of nanoparticles with TEM
Figure 2-3: Schematic representation of Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN)
Figure 2-4: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology
Figure 3-1: Concept of nanopore-based sequencing
Figure 3-2: Nanopore-based sequence-specific detection of DNA
Figure 4-1: Microfluidics and nanotech tools for single cell analysis
Figure 4-2: Scheme of bio-barcode assay
Figure 4-3: Scheme of an optical mRNA biosensor
Figure 4-4: Nanowire biosensor for cancer diagnosis
Figure 4-5: DNA nanoswitch detection technique
Figure 5-1: Application of nanobiotechnology at various stages of drug discovery
Figure 5-2: Bacteria plus nanoparticles for drug delivery into cells
Figure 5-3: Schematic image of a lipid nanoparticle
Figure 6-1: Nucleic acid delivery with lipid nanoparticle (LPN) technology
Figure 7-1: Nanobots for drug delivery to the eye
Figure 8-1: Use of micelles for drug delivery
Figure 8-2: Nanopore-based sequence-specific detection of DNA
Figure 9-1: Nanodiagnostics for neurological disorders
Figure 9-2: A concept of targeted drug delivery to glioblastoma across the BBB
Figure 10-1: Magnetic nanoparticle-coated stent
Figure 14-1: CNTs for improvement of detection and isolation of viruses
Figure 14-2: Schematic representation of NanoViricide attacking a virus particle
Figure 14-3: Nanocarrier-mediated siRNA delivery for treatment of HIV/AIDS
Figure 16-1: Relationship of nanobiotechnology to personalized medicine
Figure 16-2: Role of nanobiotechnology in personalized management of cancer
Figure 20-1: Components of the $1 trillion market for nanotechnologies in 2015
Figure 20-2: Nanobiotechnology markets according to applications 2019-2029
Figure 20-3: Geographical distribution of nanobiotechnology markets 2019-2029
Figure 20-4: Unmet needs in nanobiotechnology applications
Part II: Companies
22. Nanobiotech Companies
Classification of companies
Profiles of companies
Table 22-1: Companies with nanoarray and nanofluidic technologies
Table 22-2: Companies that provide microscopes for nanobiotechnology
Table 22-3: Companies providing services and products for nanobiotechnology industry
Table 22-4: Companies that provide nanotechnologies for life sciences research
Table 22-5: Companies developing nanomolecular diagnostics
Table 22-6: Companies involved in nanobiotechnology-based drug discovery and development
Table 22-7: Companies involved in nanobiotechnology-based drug delivery
Table 22-8: Companies using nanotechnology-based antiinfective agents
Table 22-9: Companies using nanotechnology for healthcare and therapeutics
Table 22-10: Collaborations of companies in nanobiotechnology


text:
Just Published
Special Discounts for Newly Called & Students
Browse Secondhand Online
If you're serious about exam success, it's time to Concentrate!
Concentrate: English Legal System is the essential study and revision guide for law students looking for extra marks. The clear, succinct coverage enables you to quickly grasp the fundamental principles of this area of law and helps you to succeed in exams.
This guide has been rigorously reviewed and is endorsed by students and lecturers for level of coverage, accuracy, and exam advice.
Packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more, Concentrate: English Legal System is also supported by extensive online resources to take your learning further:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Reserved Coach Class Seat
While reserved coach seating is available on our long distance routes and many trains that travel short / medium distance routes, the train cars are different depending on where a train travels, so some of the amenities are different as well. Accessible seating for passengers with mobility impairments is available on all trains.
Short / medium-distance trains offer reserved coach seating featuring wide, comfortable reclining seats with ample legroom for your comfort. You'll find a fold-down tray, individual reading light and 120v electric outlets right at your seat.
Reserved coach seats on single-level / Viewliner trains and bi-level Superliner trains that travel on long distance route have all these amenities, but let you stretch out even more, with extra legroom, foot rests, leg rests, and even curtains at your seat.
Famous for the bi-level sleeping cars, the Superliner trains also offer coach seats on both levels. While most passengers ride in the upper level for a panoramic view of the passing scenery, the lower level coach seats provide the convenience of well-appointed restrooms within the car.
Advance reservations (by train, not by individual seat) are required. Once you make your reservation, a seat is guaranteed.


text:
See more from the Westwood Waverly collection.
Westwood Waverly Collection 4 in 1 Convertible Crib with Toddler Rail
Constructed from premium hardwoods and finished in a warm, rich oak color, this collection features a convertible crib, changer combo, chest, bookcase and hutch, all available in your choice of configuration. The Waverly Collection crib is convertible. That means as your little one grows, the bed can grow right along. It converts to a toddler bed (guard rail sold separately), daybed and full-size bed (rails sold separately for full bed), serving your family year after year.
Along with the crib you can choose the changer combo, which is a dresser with a changing table up top, and the 4-drawer chest, featuring roomy drawers for storage. The hutch that comes with the bookcase you can use for housing baby supplies, then of course for actual books as your little one grows. All of these pieces will finish off the nursery in style and storage galore. All are stained in a rich oak.
About Westwood Design
Dedicated to the pursuit of "Beautiful Furniture, Thoughtfully Designed" Westwood Design is focused on making every piece of juvenile furniture they create one that will enhance the comfort, function and beauty of every child's room. The founders of Westwood Design have years of experience in the juvenile products industry. They are experts in furniture design, engineering and manufacturing, as well as operations and customer service. They know that juvenile furniture may be new to you, and they want to make your selection as easy as possible.
Mattress is not included.
- Converts to a toddler bed (guard rail included)
- Converts to daybed, or full size bed
- Steel spring mattress support, three height adjustments
- Solid hardwood construction
- Sturdy design
- JPMA Certified, exceeds all current US mandatory and voluntary standards
- Weight: 136 lbs
Crib Dimensions
62"L x 31"W x 50"H
With arching sides, the Westwood Waverly Convertible Crib is visually appealing. There is also unique slanted foots on this crib, adding a stylish touch to the crib. The rest of the Westwood Waverly Collection is available on our website, along with Westwood Furniture's other collections. You can also view Westwood Cribs, Westwood Conversion Rails, and Crib Mattresses.
View More Westwood Nursery Sets
View More Westwood Cribs
View More Westwood Conversion Kits
Additional Info
|Westwood Designs
|Product Dimensions
|60.0 x 48.0 x 30.5


text:
Do You Want to Sell More Blinds?
Do you want to make more money and have happier customers?
Then order your FREE trade pack now!
Are you tired of been let down by poor quality and paying too much for your blinds?
Do you want to add another stream to your business, or are you a blinds agent wanting to start up for yourself and start making some real money?
Whatever your reason for wanting trade blinds this could be one of the most important websites you ever visit!
Here's why:
With us, you will be dealing with people who have been in the front line dealing with customers just like you. Who knows how you feel when you are let down by a supplier, either late delivery or out of stock material.
I would never have gone into manufacturing if I hadn't been let down regularly.
We will deliver to you on time, quality trade blinds at factory blinds prices.
Now I know you're probably sceptical. That's normal and healthy. Let me give you three good reasons we can back up our claim.
Here are three reasons to believe what I say:
- This is our 33rd year in business, supplying trade blinds at better than wholesale blinds prices and have actually had customers that long, and would love you to join them.
- We have supplied The Government, Local Authorities, Universities and the UK blinds trade.
- Every one of our years in business has been better than the previous year, sorry to sound boastful, but it can only happen by keeping our customers happy.
Any business advisor worth their salt will tell you that to succeed in business nowadays you need a USP (Unique Selling Proposition)
Do you want a USP? Here's one to start with!
You will have a 6-year guarantee on our vertical blinds & roller blinds, which you can if you wish pass on to your customers.
Delivery is normally 5 working days, but if you have an urgent job we will do all we can to help you.
So whether you're tired of been let down by your current supplier, sick of paying too much for your blinds, or wanting to add another profit stream to your business now is the time for action, so just pick up your phone or use the contact form.
Don't let anything interfere with you taking immediate action. Send for your Free Trade Pack now. Taking action now means more money next week.
Phone 01325 309003 or 0330 555 1955
Ask for Diane or Lynn, because we really will take better care of you.
From your "Friends in the North" and to your success whatever you decide to do.
Jim Forbes (MD)
"I have been a customer of BlindsTrade for a couple of years now and during that time I have had many other companies try to get my business. I would not consider changing for one minute.
Although I appreciate the prompt delivery and highly competitive prices from BlindsTrade, what really makes them outstanding for me is the level of service that Diane and Karen always provide to me.
My business is based on looking after my customers and I expect the same from my suppliers. I cannot fault the friendly helpful service that I have received from BlindsTrade and would highly recommend you to try them."
Dave Mantle – The Blind Man, Brighton
You have nothing to lose and lots of extra profit to gain, so send for your FREE Trade Blinds pack now!
No matter where you are in the UK, London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Birmingham, Swansea, Glasgow or anywhere from Lands End to John O'Groats we will take good care of you.
"From the moment we heard about BlindsTrade on the internet we can only say one word EXCELLENT"
– Misses E.P. & M.A. Gray, Solihull West Midlands
We also supply louvres only if required and our bonded vertical louvres are at unbeatable prices.
Are blinds your business? Are you an Architect, Builder, Interior Designer, Property Developer, a blinds re-seller, or any type of business which deal in blinds? You have come to the right place to solve all of your problems related to trade blinds.
So here's what to do, contact us now, we really will take better care of you.


text:
"Goin' Tea Party Mad!' BOM Launch
|« Back to calendar
|« Previous Event | Next Event »
Monthly on the first Thursday
www.robinsquiltnest.net (map)
Begin your First Section of the funnest "Alice in Wonderland" Wall Hanging! Block of the Month begins today!
$39.00 includes Pattern & Fabric for first block section... plus alot of mad, mad Fun!
Each Section Kits not included in first block fee. Classes and workshops will materialize with 3 or more participants.


text:
I was both surprised and saddened to learn that Kevin Jarre, a talented screenwriter and dedicated history buff, has died. His screenplays included two notable historical projects, Glory and Tombstone.
In my opinion, Glory is not only the finest Civil War movie ever made but also one of the ten best movies of any sort ever made. (Jarre himself had a cameo as a Union soldier.) The first time I saw it was in a classroom when I was in the eighth grade. This was long before I'd developed a serious interest in the past, but even then it made quite an impression. A few years later, for a high school history project, we all had to give a presentation on any American historical figure, so I picked Robert Gould Shaw.
Jarre had been a self-described "Civil War freak" since childhood, when he received toy soldiers from the era for Christmas.
His interest in the 54th Massachusetts, a regiment that was one of first black units during the Civil War, was piqued when a friend, Lincoln Kirstein, observed that a photograph of Jarre on horseback resembled a statue of Col. Robert Gould Shaw, the regiment's white leader.
Moved to research the 54th, Jarre read the colonel's letters and two books, Kirstein's "Lay This Laurel" and Peter Burchard's "One Gallant Rush," which became source material for the 1989 film "Glory."
"I never thought I could interest anybody in it," Jarre told The Times in 1990. "A Civil War epic, about black people? But I'd got really attached to the story…. I'd end up in tears when I got through writing."
My family met a friend of Jarre's at a western history conference in Arizona back in the nineties. He told us Jarre was writing a screenplay about the Lincoln assassination. I don't know if he finished it, but a tale like that in the hands of a master storyteller like Jarre would've been a movie worth seeing. The man had an intuitive sense of the past's dramatic possibilities and a gift for bringing it to life in a way that was both authentic and immediate. Hollywood could use more like him.


text:
Cosmetic surgeons are physicians who are highly trained to perform reconstructive and cosmetic surgeries. Some of the surgeries that they perform include those to enhance beauty which are; breast augmentations, face lifts, nose jobs (rhinoplasty) and tummy tucks (abdominoplasty). They also perform other surgeries which are medical and necessary which include; treatment of skin cancer, hand operations and operations to repair cleft lips and palates. All these surgeries require high levels of competency since if they go wrong the result can even be fatal. Consequently, cosmetic surgeons are people whose work nature requires them to work with the highest diligence and care.
Cosmetic surgeons are important in the society where their services are in great demand to both people who want to enhance their beauty through plastic surgeries and to people who are compelled by medial conditions to have reconstructive procedures. Statistics show that in the last five years more than ten million people in the United States undergo cosmetic procedures yearly while more than five million people undergo reconstructive procedures yearly. This clearly shows that the surgeons are busy and their services are in great demand.
Being a cosmetic surgeon is amongst the careers that are highly enumerated and this is primarily attributed to the nature and sensitivity of their work. Their salaries are high but varies depending on location, setting and experience. But to become a cosmetic surgeon requires one to receive a lot of training though attending a medical school and acquiring a medial doctor degree. This training entails attending classes to learn the theory and also doing practical lessons. The surgeons must also do an internship under supervision of a qualified cosmetic surgeon in a medical facility before being licensed to operate independently. After completing all the training the surgeons then seek employment to harness their skills and after gaining experience some of them opt to open their own private clinics.
People wishing to become cosmetic surgeons must have good grades in science, mathematics and languages. This is because the work of these surgeons involve dealing with chemicals, machines and they also requires one to have good communication skills so as to communicate efficiently with the patients. Besides the academic qualifications, one also needs to have some personal attributes so as to succeed in this career. Some of these attributes include being physically fit since the work entails standing for long hours, having good eye sights and being compassionate since they deal even with terminally ill patients. It is also paramount for one to be able to work even on odd hours sine the surgeons can be called to handle emergencies regardless of the time.
People looking to hire cosmetic surgeons should consider various factors while choosing the right surgeon. One of the primary factors is the competency of the surgeon which can be authenticate by checking the success rate of the surgeon, if the previous patients were satisfied by the treatment they got from the particular surgeon and the number of complaints from previous patients. It is also paramount to check the experience since the more the experience, the higher the chances of the surgeon being able to operate effectively. One should also check whether the tools and facilities used by the surgeon are of the required standards. Therefore, cosmetic surgeons are essential people whose career is well rewarding but requires a lot of diligence.


text:
Step up your watch game with our classic PAISLEY BLACK NATO Strap. As our NATO Straps can be changed out within seconds, you can give your watch a new look every day. A perfect fit for watches like Rolex, Omega, Daniel Wellington, IWC, Fossil, Seiko and many more. Every NATO Strap comes in our premium box, which by the way, also makes this NATO Strap a great gift. Get hooked on the beauty of having nearly limitless options to change the look of your favorite watch!
Materials: breathable and washable nylon / solid engraved stainless steel buckle and loops
Size: the length is approximately 27cm


text:
- This event has passed.
June 30, 2014 @ 3:00 pm - July 5, 2014 @ 3:00 am
The 2nd International Conference on Complexity, Cybernetics, and Informing Science and Engineering
Complexity, Cybernetics, and Informing Science/Engineering are increasingly being related on the conceptual, methodological, and practical dimensions. T. Grandon Gill's book (Informing Business: Research and Education on a Rugged Landscape) shows the strong and important relationships between Complexity and Informing Science (specifically academic informing), and the potentiality of these relationships in supporting the integration of academic activities: Research, Education, and Consulting or real Life Problem Solving. On the other hand, the concepts and tools of Cybernetics (Communication and Control) are providing an increasingly effective support for more adequate integrative processes in the context of Informing Science and Engineering, as well as in the context of relating academic activities, more effective and synergistically, among themselves and with professional practice and Society at large.
The purpose of the International Conference on Complexity, Cybernetics, and Informing Science and Engineering (CCISE 2014) is to bring together scholars and professionals from the three fields: Complexity, Cybernetics, and Informing Science/Engineering (including scholars/professionals in their supporting tools and technologies) in order to promote and foster inter-disciplinary communication and interactions among them; oriented to foster the formation of the intellectual humus required for inter-disciplinary synergies, inter-domain cross-fertilization, and the production of creative analogies. Consequently, formal disciplinary oriented breakout sessions will be complemented with interdisciplinary presentations and informal conversational sessions.


text:
"The Maintenance of Self"
by Chet Raymo
"Ah, yes, the pitcher plant. Those devouring goblets. Those caldrons of digestive juices. And now naturalists have found the biggest one yet, as big as a chalice, on a mountaintop in the Philippines, its punch bowl filled with beetles, flies and wasps.
Come hither, ye who flitter. Admire my colors. Sip my nectar. Yes, yes, just like that,
touch my milky pool. I'll be your Tar Baby. Your flypaper paramour. That's it.
Sniff my irresistible scent. My buffet waits. Sip. Lap. Gorge yourself.
Countless plants use insects to consummate the business of sex, and some, that generally live in nutrient-deficient soils, have turned to carnivory. Alastair Robinson, who was part of the team that discovered the gargantuan pitcher, says the plant is "akin to an open stomach." Which is miracle enough. But what I want to know is: Why don't its dissolving juices dissolve the plant itself?
Oh, wait. My closed stomach does the same thing, digesting plants and animals but not itself. How can that be? Well, as we all learned in school, it does. The gastric juices eat away at the stomach's mucus lining, which has to be constantly replaced. Somewhere I read that the stomach lining sacrifices half-a-million cells a minute, completely replacing itself every three days. Digestion of food is a work in progress, a delicate balance between the dissolver and the dissolved. The stomach lining works like like an ablative heat shield on a space craft, except it is perpetually regenerating.
Pitcher plants, apparently, use a variety of mechanisms to turn their prey into useful nutrients-enzymes, bacteria, mutualistic insect larvae- but they too must have some way of maintaining the integrity of self. Maintaining the integrity of self! That's what it's all about, isn't it. We need to eat. Other organisms want to eat us. Ablating stomach walls. Immune systems. Repair mechanisms. Our bodies are winds of molecules, torrents of cells. Blowing in and blowing out. And somehow a self remains.
The biological integrity of self, upon which depends utterly the intellectual integrity of self. Astonishingly resourceful- for the pitcher plant and for ourselves. But not unlimited. We are all doomed to die. Let's give the last word to one of William Blake's Songs of Innocence:
"Little fly,
Thy summer's play
My thoughtless hand
Has brushed away.
Am not I
A fly like thee?
Or art not thou
A man like me?
For I dance
And drink and sing,
Till some blind hand
Shall brush my wing.
If thought is life
And strength and breath,
And the want
Of thought is death,
Then am I
A happy fly,
If I live,
Or if I die."
- http://blog.sciencemusings.com/


text:
LMC Welcomes Dr. Fernando Castro to Lexington Rheumatology
Lexington Medical Center is pleased to welcome Fernando X. Castro, MD, to the hospital's network of care. The board-certified rheumatologist and internist has joined Bruce Goeckeritz, MD, Bryan Wolf, MD, and Janie "Kaki" Bruce, MD, at Lexington Rheumatology, a Lexington Medical Center physician practice.Dr. Castro earned his medical degree from Universidad Central del Ecuador in Quito and completed his residency at the University of Missouri and Harry Truman VA Hospitals in Columbia, Mo. He then completed a rheumatology and immunology fellowship there. Most recently, Dr. Castro served as a rheumatologist in Wilson, N.C., where he provided advanced therapy in the treatment of arthritis, rheumatic diseases and osteoporosis. He is also a certified clinical densitometrist.
"I look forward to working with the exceptional physicians, nurses and support staff at Lexington Medical Center," said Dr. Castro.
Dr. Castro is a member of professional organizations including the American College of Rheumatology, National Osteoporosis Foundation and the International Society for Clinical Densitometry.
Dedicated to diagnosing and treating diseases of the joints and soft tissues, Lexington Rheumatology offers a variety of convenient in-house services, such as X-ray, on-site bone density scans and infusion treatments for rheumatic and inflammatory disorders.
Lexington Rheumatology
Lexington Medical Park 2
146 North Hospital Drive
Suite 550
West Columbia, SC 29169
(803) 936-7410


text:
Political commentary and analysis of current Texas Policies. Focuses on pending legislation with action alerts. Applies a "Follow the Money progressive approach" to local and state officials' roles in public policy.
Monday, October 29, 2018
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)
Related Publications
The Arlington Texan, a portal to news and coverage of issues and events of and about Arlington, Texas. DFW Regional Concerned Citizens is a sister-site of Grassroots News You Can Use. Visitors can subscribe to issues-specific and county specific action alerts using a simple form on the site. About Air and Water focuses on DFW Regional air quality and water/gas drilling issues. We welcome your feedback.


text:
Living In London – American Schools in London
With thousands of Americans moving to London and Canadians moving to London all of the time there are a number of schools in London that have been established to cater to families who wish their children to continue with the American style of schooling. If you are moving to London with our family, this may affect where you choose to rent an apartment in London and the transport factors in getting your children to school. If you have young children, it might be wise to let them attend a local school so they can make friends with children of their own age and integrate more fully with the community. For those who have children that are older, you may choose to continue with the American style of schooling especially if they are nearing college age and are intending on going to a college in America.


text:
RDA Webinar Series from ALCTS
Catalogers, librarians and staff, department heads who will be planning RDA implementation, and library directors who need to understand the benefits and importance of implementing RDA should reserve an hour for a live webinar session or one of the recorded webcasts.
Upcoming Webinars: See RDA Webinar page for a complete listing of sessions.
LC's Bibliographic Control Working Group
RDA Toolkit | go
RDA Training Calendar | go
RDA Toolkit Blog | go


text:
The county Office of Immigration Information at the Office of the Mayor in partnership with the Exchange Club of Hilo, Aloha Exchange Club, Hilo Lions and Akaka Falls Lions Club celebrated its second annual Citizenship Day on Friday, September 16, from 1:30 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. at Aunty Sally's Luau Hale in Hilo.
The ceremony honored and recognized the newest Americans who were recently naturalized by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The public was invited to attend this event, which was also a day to express pride in our citizenship.
September 17 is Constitution and Citizenship Day. This day commemorates the signing of the United States Constitution on September 17, 1787. In 2004, Congress passed legislation to make Citizenship Day a federal holiday.
In the past, USCIS (formerly INS) administered the oath-taking ceremonies to those who successfully passed the US naturalization examination at the Third District Court's Courthouse in Hilo. A few years ago, the agency ceased their neighbor island outreach services, and it now administers the oath of citizenship exclusively in Honolulu. This limits the ability of friends and relatives to attend the ceremonies.
The Immigration Information Office event will allow families and friends to celebrate what is considered a most profound day with those who have made a choice to become American citizens. The Immigration Office is urged anyone who recently took the oath of US Citizenship to participate in the Citizenship Day 2011. The Immigration Office also encourages those who are Lawful Permanent Residents (LPR's or "green card" holders) who are interested in applying for US citizenship to attend because the office will distribute naturalization application and study materials at the event.
Filed under: aloha, Announcements, Big Island, Hawaii, National Affairs | Tagged: Citizenship Day, Hawaii County, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services | Leave a comment »


text: Joint fluid Gram stain Definition Joint fluid Gram stain is a laboratory test to identify bacteria in a sample of joint fluid using a special series of stains (colors). The Gram stain method is one of the most commonly used methods to rapidly diagnose bacterial infections. Alternative Names Gram stain of joint fluid How the Test is Performed A sample of joint fluid is needed. The fluid sample is sent to a lab where a small drop is placed in a very thin layer onto a microscope slide. This is called a smear. Several different colored stains are applied to the sample. The laboratory personnel will look at the stained smear under a microscope to see if bacteria are present. The color, size, and shape of the cells help identify the bacteria. How to Prepare for the Test For information on how to prepare for the removal of joint fluid, see joint fluid aspiration. How the Test will Feel For information on how it will feel when the joint fluid is removed, see joint fluid aspiration. Why the Test is Performed The test is performed when there is unexplained swelling, joint pain, and inflammation of a joint, or to check for suspected joint infection. Normal Results A normal result means no bacteria are present on the Gram stain.Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results. What Abnormal Results Mean Abnormal results mean bacteria were seen on the Gram stain. This may be a sign of a joint infection, for example, gonococcal arthritis or arthritis due to Staphylococcus aureus. Risks There is no risk to the person associated with a Gram stain. For information regarding risks related to the removal of joint fluid, see joint fluid aspiration. References Matteson EL, Osmon DR. Infections of bursae, joints, and bones. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 280.Ohl CA, Forster D. Infectious arthritis of native joints. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglass, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2014:chap 105. Read More Gonococcal arthritis Joint pain


text:
Blue Hens reverse pecking order, beat Flames in shootout
February 1, 2014 | Newark, Del.
Liberty University's ACHA Division I men's hockey team took Delaware to a shootout for the second straight time this season, Friday night at Fred Rust Arena in Newark, Del. However, the Flames were snuffed in penalty shots for the first time in three tries, 3-2.
After suffering back-to-back losses for the first time this season last weekend against No. 1 Arizona State University, Friday night's setback extended the third-ranked Flames' losing streak to three games. Meanwhile, the No. 9 Blue Hens snapped a two-game skid after being swept at home by Stony Brook.
Liberty (23-6-2) was ranked seventh and the Blue Hens (21-7-3) fourth the last time they met, Nov. 9 at the LaHaye Ice Center. In that game, the Flames tied the contest in the final 56 seconds of regulation on junior forward Lindsay LeBlanc's second goal of the game before prevailing in a shootout, 4-3. This time, the roles were reversed as Delaware netted the equalizer with 36.8 seconds remaining on an unassisted goal off a faceoff by sophomore defenseman Alex Guerere. The Blue Hens then won in the sixth round of penalty shots on a top-shelf score by senior forward Michael Piet, who beat senior goalie Blair Bennett with a shot that clanged off the back center post.
"Blair played an excellent game for us," Liberty Head Coach Kirk Handy said of Bennett, who made 34 saves. "He made the saves he needed to make. Both of their goals (in regulation) didn't go directly past him, but were deflected in."
Delaware struck first on a power play midway through the first period when sophomore forward Leo Skehan redirected senior defenseman Kevin Redmond's shot from the right circle with his stick. The goal was assisted by senior forward Mark Zeszut, who ranks fourth in the ACHA in scoring.
"In the first period, we didn't play all that well, so (on Saturday), we want to be making sure we come out and have the effort we had in the second and the third tonight," Handy said. "We want to be better in our own zone."
Five minutes into the second period, Liberty tied it up with a power-play goal of its own by senior defenseman Jackson Kuhn assisted by LeBlanc and senior forward Andrew McCombe.
Then in the third, Flames freshman forward Robert Ward intercepted a pass near mid-ice and started a breakaway, which he finished with a beautiful unassisted shot into the top right corner past Blue Hens freshman goalie Dylan Troiano.
Troiano saved Ward's wrist shot with just under six minutes to play before Guerere tied it back up at 2-2, forcing the scoreless overtime.
"We had opportunities to bury a few more shots and weren't able to connect," Handy said. "That's what we need to focus on doing (Saturday). We had a chance to go up 3-1 and couldn't capitalize. There were critical points in the game where we have to bear down and put teams away in those situations."
LeBlanc netted the first goal in the shootout by deking Troiano to the left and tucking a backhanded shot into the upper netting. Delaware junior forward Marcello DeAngelis tied it back up by threading a shot through the five-hole before Liberty junior forward responded by ripping the puck between Troiano's legs after drawing him out of the cage. The Blue Hens' final two shootout scores, by Redmond and Piet, were both wrist shots lifted over Bennett into the top shelf.
After allowing the first-period power-play goal, the Flames showed restraint and generated their share of scoring opportunities, outshooting the Blue Hens 41-36 for the game.
"I thought we did an excellent job of staying out of the box," Handy said. "Our team discipline was excellent as far as penalties are concerned. We had our fair chances to win that game. It was one of those games that, moving forward, we have to win."
Liberty, which lost three of four contests against Delaware last year, will try to win three of four this season when the two teams conclude their series on Saturday. The puck drops at 3:40 p.m. and the action will be webcast live from Rust Arena.


text:
Peppermint Mentha piperata
These vivid, aromatic green leaves, with their invigorating aroma and high menthol content, are cooling and refreshing.
Peppermint is a hybrid between watermint and spearmint.
It is a plant with one of the longest histories of human cultivation known to have been grown in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome.
In the 17th century Nicholas Culpeper wrote that peppermint was the herb most useful for 'complaints of the stomach, such as wind, for which there are few remedies of greater efficiency.'
Peppermint leads the way in our Three Mint, Refresh and Cleanse teas.


text:
July 24, 2012
There's never been a better time to talk to your kids about money. Before the summer comes to an end and your children gear up to return to school, take time to share some financial insight. The best financial lessons are part of everyday experiences. Look for opportunities to talk about money, read books aloud and play games that center around spending money wisely. Be open and honest when you discuss your financial experiences -- good or bad. Here are some examples of teachable moments to help you get started:
At the bank: When you go to the bank, bring your children with you and show them how transactions work. Ask the manager to explain how the bank operates, how money generates interest and how an ATM works. Ask for a tour, and be sure to ask to see the vault.
On payday: Discuss how your pay is budgeted to pay for housing, food and clothing, and how a portion is saved for future expenses such as college tuition and retirement.
At the market: It's easy to give clear examples of "needs" and "wants" using different kinds of foods at a grocery store. Milk (for strong bones) is a need; soft drinks are a want. Explain the benefits of comparison shopping, coupons and store brands.
Chores and allowances: Assign chores and give them a monetary value. Discuss ways to budget and divide allowances. Encourage children to set a financial goal, such as saving for a bike, and figure out how to achieve it.
Paying bills: Explain the many ways bills can be paid, such as over the phone, by check or online. Discuss how each method of bill pay takes money out of your account. Be sure to cover late penalties, emphasizing the importance of paying bills on time.
Using cards: Explain that credit cards are a loan and need to be repaid. Share how each month a credit card statement comes in the mail with a bill. Go over the features of different types of cards, such as ATM, debit and credit cards.
Browsing the Internet: While online, explain to your children the value of their personal information and why you don't want it getting into the wrong hands. Discuss the risks of sharing certain information. Then, as a family, make a list of rules for keeping personal information safe online.
Planning a trip: Whether you are planning an outing to a local amusement park or a family vacation, emphasize the value of saving. Set a family savings goal that involves your children. Figure out the cost, and discuss ways everyone can help to reach the goal.