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Controlling Poa annua in bentgrass greens
Annual bluegrass, Poa annua, is the most troublesome winter-annual grassy weed on golf courses. It has a lighter green color than most turfgrasses and produces seedheads that disrupt the playing surface (see photo, at right). Controlling Poa is a major task on many golf courses. One of the biggest problems with Poa is that it produces numerous seeds with high viability and small size, which birds, equipment and humans easily spread. Poa survives as a weed due to its high genetic variability, rapid germination, short life cycle and tolerance of compacted soil. Unfortunately, due to its low heat tolerance, annual bluegrass quickly dies in warm weather, leaving areas where it grew bare until the permanent turf has had time to fill in. Because bentgrass greens provide conditions that are ideal for Poa (high moisture, nitrogen and traffic, and routine fungicide use), it often thrives on these sites. In recent years, annual bluegrass has reached epidemic proportions on many golf courses, frustrating superintendents and golfers alike. Reasons for this are numerous: * Biotypes for which herbicides are less effective are increasing. * The switch by many golf courses from perennial ryegrass to the similar Poa trivialis and bentgrass for overseeding reduces herbicide options. * Most post-emergence herbicides effective on annual bluegrass also damage bentgrass, limiting chemical controls. * The practice of overseeding is on the increase, and overseeded fairways generally increase Poa populations over the whole course. Biology of Poa annua The annual Poa biotype (Poa annua ssp. annua) has a non-stoloniferous, bunching growth habit and, usually, a light-green color. Each plant is capable of producing between 1,000 and 2,250 seeds in a season. Even plants mowed as low as 3/16 inch still can produce more than 350 seeds each. The true annual biotypes begin to germinate in late summer and early fall when daytime temperatures consistently drop into the mid-70 degreess F and nighttime temperatures are in the mid-50s for several consecutive days. Maximum germination occurs in full sunlight. Thus, thin, weak turf allows more light into its canopy resulting in higher Poa germination. Areas that remain cooler, such as shaded and continuously wet areas, also have heavy Poa seed germination. Germination typically continues through fall into early winter when the days are warm and nights are cold. This alternating warm/cold temperature can affect seeds in such a way that additional flushes of germination may occur. Many late-summer herbicide applications that con trol the initial flush of germination do not satisfactorily control later germination. Therefore, repeat applications often are necessary.
After germination, Poa plants grow and then tiller (mostly unnoticed) throughout the fall and early winter months. Once late winter arrives, Poa begins to shift its growth from vegetative to reproductive by forming many seedheads that literally can turn a turf stand snow white. The annual biotype reduces its growth in late spring and dies when daytime temperatures reach the lower 90s for several consecutive days. Seed can remain viable in the soil for more than 6 years, ensuring a continuous supply ready to germinate when conditions are right.
The perennial biotype (Poa annua ssp. reptans) has developed a perennial, prostrate growth habit as it evolved on closely mowed golf greens characterized by moist soils, high nutrient levels and cool temperatures (see photo, at left). Although the seeds of the perennial biotype can germinate soon after flowering, stand dominance seems to be more closely associated with vegetative spread from stolon growth.
Scientists have found more than 30 annual and perennial subspecies of Poa, which may be why control options often are erratic and inconsistent, even on the same golf facility. You often find variations in color, texture, density and timing of seedhead production among the various Poa patches found on one course. Poa populations in bentgrass generally are highest in late fall through late spring. By midsummer, presumably due to dieback of annual Poa plants, bentgrass dominates the stand but shifts back to Poa in fall.
Cultural practices favoring Poa Several cultural factors favor Poa growth and occurrence. Therefore, the first step in a total Poa-management program is to shift your practices to those that favor bentgrass growth and away from those that favor Poa growth.
* Continuously wet and compacted soils. Poa thrives under wet and compacted soil conditions. Due to its shallow root system, Poa can tolerate lower soil-oxygen levels, on which turfgrass stands tend to thin. Use appropriate soil mixes during construction to reduce soil compaction. Aerate soils frequently, and mow your greens with light-weight walking mowers. Also, spike your greens frequently to reduce surface compaction and to sever bentgrass stolons to encourage a thicker turf stand. Finally, avoid overwatering.
* Excessive nitrogen rates. A high available-nitrogen supply encourages profuse Poa germination, growth and tillering. Research indicates lower annual nitrogen rates encourage more bentgrass and less Poa.
* Excessive soil-phosphorus levels. Poa prefers high phosphorus levels and will out-compete turfgrasses under these conditions. Supply sufficient phosphorus as indicated by soil tests, but do not use excessive rates.
* Excess clippings. Due to Poa's abundant seed production and tolerance to low mowing heights, leaving clippings only helps spread Poa seed. Always remove and discard clippings, especially when Poa is flowering.
A buffer zone of overseeding around the approach helps intercept Poa seed from golfers and equipment. Furthermore, courses with epidemic Poa levels may opt to skip overseeding bermudagrass fairways until the population is under control. Some courses overseed their fairways but skip the approaches because more control options are available for non-overseeded areas.
Chemical control options You have various Poa-control options in bentgrass (see table, page 20). These include selective herbicides and plant growth regulators (PGRs). Chemical control, however, often is erratic, so you should integrate it with the cultural practices I just discussed. Two to 4 years of integrating cultural practices and chemical application typically are necessary to bring Poa populations under control. Chemicals merely speed up the process of Poa conversion via the cultural practices listed earlier, so don't rely solely on one method for control.
* Pre-emergents. Pre-emergence herbicides control the annual Poa biotypes in bentgrass golf greens. Control, however, is rarely complete, with 90 to 95 percent being about as good as you can expect. Bensulide, bensulide + oxadiazon and dithiopyr are products currently registered for bentgrass golf greens. Normally, to control the annual biotype you make applications in late summer (in northern locations) into early fall (in southern locations). You should make repeat applications 45 to 60 days later because Poa will continue germinating throughout the fall months into early winter. Because the annual biotypes are susceptible to pre-emergence herbicides, perennial biotypes often begin to dominate greens. Once the perennial biotypes become established, control from pre-emergence herbicides will be erratic, at best.
*Post-emergents. Post-emergence herbicides for Poa control in bentgrass are few. Only ethofumesate (AgrEvo's Prograss) is labeled for this and only for taller mowed bentgrass such as fairways (not greens). Ethofumesate provides both pre- and post-emergence control. Research suggests the best control results from frequent, light applications. These should begin when the average daily temperature in late summer/early fall drops to 65 degrees F. Three applications spaced at 3- to 4-week intervals at 0.75 pound active ingredient per acre per application (1.5 ounces of the 1.5EC formulation per 1,000 square feet) provide best results. Slight discoloration of bentgrass usually follows each application.
As you move farther north, the Poa control that resulted from your fall applications may not be noticeable until spring. Avoid winter applications because extended periods will be necessary for the bentgrass to recover from any discoloration. Bentgrass with a shallow root system, growing under stressful conditions or in compacted, poorly drained soil is more susceptible to herbicide injury. Ethofumesate is a root-absorbed material. Thus, soils high in organic matter and clay may prevent maximum plant uptake of the herbicide by adsorbing it to soil particles.
Using ethofumesate is a better strategy with new golf courses trying to prevent Poa encroachment than with older courses with established Poa populations. Avoid applying ethofumesate within 8 weeks of a PGR application because this may cause excessive stunting and turf discoloration.
Advantages of PGRs With the realization that control of Poa in golf greens is seriously limited with current herbicides, the turf industry has recently focused on suppressing Poa growth and seedhead production by using PGRs that inhibit the hormone gibberellic acid. Such PGRs encourage a gradual transition in favor of bentgrass by selectively suppressing the growth of the Poa. The main drawbacks to this approach are the discoloration of Poa that normally occurs within a week or two of application and the several years it takes to achieve conversion to a purer stand of bentgrass. If Poa is the main component of the green, you should forewarn management of the impending discoloration before you use PGRs.
Paclobutrazol (Scotts' TGR), trinexapac-ethyl (Novartis' Primo) and flurprimidol (LESCO's Cutless) currently are available for Poa suppression in bentgrass golf greens. In a typical program, you apply the PGR in successive treatments to the actively growing bentgrass in mid-fall or in early spring over several years. Research on paclobutrazol suggests that 0.25 to 0.375 pound active ingredient per acre, applied twice in the fall (in mid-October and again in mid-November) followed by similar applications in early March and early April, performs best.
To take advantage of bentgrass's greater summer growth in more northern regions, use PGRs frequently and at low rates during summer to reduce the discoloration of Poa. Monthly applications of any of these products at one-fourth to one-half the normal use rate perform best. Consider overseeding with a superior bentgrass cultivar in late summer and at least 2 weeks following the last PGR application to take advantage of the slowed Poa growth. Repeated PGR applications during these times over several years is necessary to eliminate the perennial Poa biotype.
Paclobutrazol and flurprimidol are root-absorbed and work by reducing the competitive ability of the annual bluegrass for 3 to 8 weeks after application, while trinexapac-ethyl is foliar-absorbed and remains active for 3 to 4 weeks. You should only apply these materials during periods of active bentgrass root growth. Flurprimidol at rates greater than 0.5 pound of product per acre can reduce germination of annual bluegrass seed and bentgrass. Therefore, you should only apply it to established greens. These materials may not prevent Poa seedhead formation, but they do prevent seedhead stalk elongation. This alone can improve turf uniformity and appearance. It's worth re-stating that the PGR approach is a long-term (2- to 4-year) approach. Patience and financial commitment are necessary, as are integration of cultural practices that favor bentgrass growth and competitiveness.
Future considerations Research continues on the perpetual problem of Poa in bentgrass. Future strategies include screening new herbicides for selective control. The most promising of these might be the sulfonylureas. Sulfonylureas are herbicides that are active at extremely low rates (for example, 1 ounce or less ai per acre) and can be highly active on some Poa types. Other chemical options that researchers (myself included) are exploring include tank-mixing various products with PGRs to provide synergistic activity. These products include various DMI fungicides and light rates of some herbicides.
Biological control also is under investigation. The most promising is a species of the bacterium Xanthomonas. Timing and application parameters are extremely important because Xanthomonas requires warm weather to work and must enter the Poa plant though a wound. An application immediately following mowing is the most common method of producing a wound and introducing Xanthomonas into the plant. Annual Poa biotypes appear more susceptible to current bacterial strains than perennial types.
Another exciting possibility is bioengineering herbicide-resistant bentgrasses. Treating resistant bent-grass with the herbicide that it tolerates should result in the elimination of all other plants, including Poa. Herbicide-resistant bentgrasses may be only a few years from commercial release.
Due to the enormous genetic diversity of Poa, if these or other techniques controlled 99 percent of the Poa present, the remaining 1 percent would probably quickly spread, forcing superintendents to search for new solutions. Mother Nature has managed to stay a step ahead of science in the search for Poa control. It will be interesting to see if we can catch and pass her with new technologies.
Dr. Bert McCarty is professor of turfgrass science at Clemson University (Clemson, S.C.).
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© 2020 Penton Media Inc.


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Here's a post because I promised myself I'd post and so I'm posting. I'm leaving the "Here are some suggestions for your first post" content because something about it strikes me as universal and welcoming. We've all seen it before, right? And this PressThis thing, it might come in handy.
Or it might simply be another way for organizations to monetize the site by tracking my every move. Paranoia and the web go together like peanut butter and jelly. Mmm. Toast.
Here are some suggestions for your first post.
- You can find new ideas for what to blog about by reading the Daily Post.
- Add PressThis to your browser. It creates a new blog post for you about any interesting page you read on the web.
- Make some changes to this page, and then hit preview on the right. You can alway preview any post or edit you before you share it to the world.

subset: commoncrawl


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Tanzania: Happy International Women's Day
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Joshua Woodward at a previous court hearing.
UPDATE 12 NOON: spelling, clarity, links
I'm at the downtown Los Angeles Clara Shortridge-Foltz Criminal Justice Center for the Joshua Woodward case. Woodward's preliminary hearing took about six days, spread out over three months from October to January. On January 21, Judge Michael Pastor ruled there was sufficient evidence for Woodward to stand trial on four counts of attempted murder of a fetus. His arraignment is scheduled for this morning in Dept. 111, Judge Henry T. Hall's courtroom.
I'm at the downtown Los Angeles Clara Shortridge-Foltz Criminal Justice Center for the Joshua Woodward case. Woodward's preliminary hearing took about six days, spread out over three months from October to January. On January 21, Judge Michael Pastor ruled there was sufficient evidence for Woodward to stand trial on four counts of attempted murder of a fetus. His arraignment is scheduled for this morning in Dept. 111, Judge Henry T. Hall's courtroom.
During the preliminary hearing, Detective John Shafia testified that when Woodward was arrested in the early morning hours of October 25th, he pulled his hands out of his pockets and dropped a cellophane bag on the ground that had a white powder substance in it. Later, via a search warrant of Woodward's restaurant, Table 8 (aka 8 oz. Burger Bar), investigators discovered 22 tablets (19 white and 3 blue) in a backpack along with Woodward's laptop. The 19 white tablets were Misoprostol,
Misoprostol, 100 microgram tablets
an abortion drug that's used through vaginal insertion.
Also found on Woodward's laptop were computer searches starting on August 26, through October 20, 2009, looking for abortion drugs and how to administer them. A sampling of the computer searches included:
"unwanted pregnancy" - legal rights men,8:00 AM
evil ways to terminate a pregnancy,
misoprostol insertion,
safest way to knocksomeone out,
I'm in the cafeteria. Woodward and a small part of his defense team are here. Janet Levine, Megan Weisgerber and one of the younger gentlemen who sat in the gallery during the prelim. While in the cafeteria, I write up my notes on the Cameron Brown hearing yesterday. I missed the Brown hearing because Bryan Barnes was being sentenced. Barnes pled guilty to two counts of first degree murder in the deaths of the USC Chinese grad students who were murdered during a robbery. His codefendant, Javier Bolden at this point, is pleading not guilty. Barnes' sentencing was heart wrenching. I hope to have my notes up on that hearing in a few days.
I'm on the 11th floor and Judge Henry Hall's court room just opened. The hallway is mostly empty. Just a few jurors and general public. Woodward's defense team, who came upstairs before I did, head inside. I have not seen DDA Habib Balian or DDA Marguerite Rizzo yet. I'll wait a few more minutes then go in. I'll have an update as soon as the hearing is over.
Inside Dept. 111. It's a large courtroom with six rows of gallery seating. The jury box contains 14 seats. There are several additional seats directly in front of the jury box in the well. There are some notebooks in the jury box so I'm guessing Judge Hall might be in trial.
Judge Hall comes out from the back rooms. He's a tall, silver haired be-speckled white man. His face is open, friendly. There is no glass around the bailiffs box. A man enters and checks in with the bailiff. DDA Balian arrives and speaks to Ms. Levine. From what I'm overhearing, they are working on scheduling dates for the next hearing. It's a pleasant conversation. I'm wondering what types of cases Hall usually handles.
Two maintenance men enter and head to the back rooms. The clerk asks if everyone is ready. DDA Balian asks for five minutes. Ms. Levine tells the clerk that everyone is here but the prosecutor just needs to get some dates.
There is a nicely dressed woman sitting in the jury box. She has a rolling cart with her. I don't see a juror badge on her clothing. She works on some files. When she picks up her phone, that reminds me that I need to put mine in silent mode.
DDA Balian returns. Another prosecutor enters and starts to set up at the prosecution table. The court reporter is a handsome man with a hint of gray hair. A few moments later Judge Hall takes the bench and asks counsel to state their appearances.
Judge Hall tells counsel that for some reason, his court ended up getting many copies of the preliminary hearing transcripts. He doesn't know how that happened and they will take up too much space. Ms. Levine states they would be happy to take the extra copies.
Ms. Levine starts out by saying she wanted to inform the court of Judge Pastor's thoughts on the case. Judge Hall politely interrupts her and informs her that he's read the preliminary hearing transcripts. He ran the case past Dept. 100. The only question Dept. 100 had was, should the matter go to trial, putting aside 402 hearings, etc., is that three weeks would be the cut off time. He was to hang onto the case at this time.
Ms. Levine tells the court she feels not including jury selection, jury selection would be lengthy, she expects that with expert testimony it's at least three weeks but no more than five.
Judge Hall said he would take that back to Dept. 100. The next court hearing would be in Dept. 100. Ms. Levine is concerned about the case calendar and 0 of 60. She asks to delay the arraignment and have it in Dept. 100. Judge Hall informs her that arraignments are not taken in Dept. 100. The arraignment will be here.
The arraignment is quick. Woodward pleads not guilty to all charges and allegations. The case calendar is set at zero of 90. There is some discussion about the next date. Monday March 10 or Friday February 21. DDA Balian states he does have another pretrial on February 21. Judge Hall states that Monday's in Dept. 100 are pretty busy so he sets the date for February 21. Bail stands. I believe Judge Hall states that if the people hang with more than three weeks then the case will go to the 9th floor.
And that's it. There is a long hearing in the Michael Gargiulo case on February 21, so I will probably miss the Woodward hearing in Dept. 100. I'll have to find out afterwards what the decision is on where this case will land.


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This red wine vinegar takes advantages of modern innovation while preserving the traditional qualities of a fine red wine vinegar. They start by using high quality wine which slowly percolates into a tank through three tiers of stainless-steel baskets loosely filled with wood shavings and dried grape vine cuttings. This process allows the wine to oxidize so that it provides a support for the acetifying bacteria. This method takes about two weeks and preserves the aroma and flavor of the wine. The vinegar is then aged for up to a year, first, in large chestnut vats and then in small oak barrels.
This vinegar has a greater depth of flavor than many other red wine vinegars which we attribute to both the quality of the wine and the judicious use of oak in the production process.


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CLEVELAND (AP) General manager Chris Antonetti knows it is going to take more than a new manager and a few added players to get Indians fans fired up.
If nothing else, though, the franchise is taking the proper steps.
``We still have work to do,'' Antonetti said Wednesday, less than 24 hours after completing a three-team trade that involved nine players.
Antonetti acknowledged the addition of outfielder Drew Stubbs from Cincinnati and three pitchers, including promising Trevor Bauer, from Arizona doesn't quite get the fans' pulse beating. But the Indians are getting there.
``This is another step forward in our offseason,'' said Antonetti, vowing to try and complete more moves to enhance what he hopes will be a quick makeover for a team that lost 94 games in 2012. ``We still would like to improve our starting pitching and add a corner outfielder.''
Dealing Shin-Soo Choo only added to the void in left field, where several players failed to provide enough run production as the Indians flopped miserably in the second half. Michael Brantley or Stubbs, both considered top-notch center fielders, could move to left. Antonetti has had discussions with free agent Nick Swisher, as well, who could fill Choo's old spot in right.
``We have at-bats available,'' Antonetti noted, adding that the Indians still don't have a designated hitter after buying out the final year of oft-injured Travis Hafner's contract.
Mark Reynolds, signed to a one-year, $6 million deal, is expected to be new manager Terry Francona's first baseman. Both Reynolds and Stubbs are high risk-reward players. In 2011, Stubbs led the NL in strikeouts with 205, nine more than Reynolds' AL-leading total for Baltimore. In the three previous years with Arizona, Reynolds averaged 213 strikeouts.
``The best way to improve your team,'' Antonetti said, succinctly, ``is to score more runs and allow fewer runs.''
He pointed out that Cleveland cut the strikeout total in 2012, but ranked low in run production. A few seasons ago, the Indians led the AL in strikeouts, but were in the top three in scoring.
``I'm not as concerned at how we do it,'' he said. ``But our focus is to score more and allow fewer.''
Antonetti also is not worried about Bauer's devotion to a sometimes controversial long-toss program or the 21-year-old's insistence on hitting the weight room hard.
``Trevor works exceptionally hard and is very committed to being the best pitcher he can be,'' Antonetti said. ``He's spent a lot of time studying how to do that. We're not looking to change him. We're looking to work with him.''
The Indians scouted Bauer in high school and again during his career at UCLA. Antonetti said he personally spent two hours with the pitcher before the 2011 draft, when the Diamondbacks made Bauer the No. 3 pick overall. He has gone 13-4 with 200 strikeouts in 156 minor-league innings.
``Trevor has the potential to be a top-of-the-rotation starter,'' Antonetti said.
Whether or not Bauer begins 2013 in Cleveland's rotation will be decided in spring training.
Right-handers Matt Albers and Bryan Shaw, also acquired from Arizona, will be given the chance to be part of Cleveland's revamped bullpen. Lefties Tony Sipp and Rafael Perez - along with right-hander Esmil Rogers - are gone from a unit that was the strongest part of the Indians in 2012.
``We feel we have some young pitchers ready to contribute and we may add a couple more,'' Antonetti said. ``I don't think we're done making changes quite yet.''


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ST. JOHNS COUNTY, Fla. – A dog stabbed and slashed in the throat last week is getting a new home Monday morning thanks to the deputy who saved its life in St. Johns County.
The dog's previous owner, 28-year-old Randal Hart, was arrested on an animal cruelty charge.
Deputy Dan Sorrells and his family were ready to pick up 6-year-old Amber on Monday morning after a week of surgery and recovery at the vet.
"Her wounds were rather horrific," Sorrells said. "As you can see by the suturing, she was completely cut open from just above her left ear, all the way down across her chest. About 12 to 18 inches sliced open."
Last week, Sorrells and another officer were responding to a call at a mobile home in a remote part of St. Johns County.
Two people called to report their roommate attacked his dog the night before, dragged her into the woods and left her for dead.
"We went out there and investigated the area," Sorrells said. "Found a blood trail, exactly what they had described to us. Went searching for about 45 minutes, fully expecting to find a dead dog somewhere."
While figuring out what to do next, Amber came walking out of tall grass, 16 hours after she was attacked with a knife.
She hadn't made it far from home. She approached the deputies like she knew they were there to help and chose her new owner.
"She made the decision, actually, when she walked up to me and allowed me to pet her, and it was at that point that I realized this is a special dog and I want her," Sorrells said.
Amber was rushed to Atlantic Veterinary Hospital and taken into surgery.
Veterinarian Herb Loeman works with rescued dogs in St. Johns County regularly and is still amazed by Amber.
"Whether you're religious or not, I think animals are put on this Earth to make humans happy," Loeman said. "It's the only reason they have to be put here because it's unconditional love. The dog was stabbed in its throat and immediately came to Deputy Sorrells."
Vet bills have been covered thanks to $2,000 in donations from people who heard Amber's story.


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Executive Function and Self Regulation by Sarah Ward
- Start Date:
- 1/17/18
- End Date:
- None
- Duration:
- 11:00 AM CDT 12:00 PM CDT (Time Zone Sensitive)
- Type:
- Webinars
Mature self-regulation requires awareness of the demands of any given situation; consistent monitoring of our own thoughts, behavior and strategies; meta-cognition for how successfully we are meeting the demands of the situation; and the ability to flexibly change and shift from current functioning to accomplish a goal or to meet the needs of dynamic situations. Self regulation is not simply internal – context matters too! To self regulate children need to inhibit first responses, resist interference from irrelevant stimulation, and persist on relevant tasks even when they are not preferred. While young children need to steadily inhibit their responses as children mature into adolescence they need to self-regulate not only their behaviors but their emotions and problem-solving strategies. In this webinar we will: • Practice teaching students to develop situational awareness skills so they can "stop and read a room" and self-regulate their behaviors for a given situation. • Learn how to help students truly create mental visual imagery for the future and to perform a mental dress rehearsal to sequence actions towards a goal and hold that prospective memory in mind while they execute and self-monitor through tasks Understand how we can use the environment to develop stronger self regulatory skills in children • Provide techniques to improve cognitive flexibility so students can shift and problem solve to remain more self regulated.
Archived for 2 Weeks Only
Registration: Please click here to register.


text:
|Oracle® OLAP DML Reference
11g Release 2 (11.2)
Part Number E17122-05
|View PDF
The INSCHARS function inserts one or more characters into a text expression.
When you are using a multibyte character set, you can use the INSBYTES function instead of the INSCHARS function.
Return Value
TEXT or NTEXT
This function accepts TEXT values and NTEXT values as arguments. The data type of the return value depends on the data type of the values specified for the arguments:
When all arguments are TEXT values, the return value is TEXT.
When all arguments are NTEXT values, the return value is NTEXT.
When the arguments include both TEXT and NTEXT values, the function converts all TEXT values to NTEXT before performing the function operation, and the return value is NTEXT.
INSCHARS(text-expression characters [after])
The expression into which the characters are to be inserted. When text-expression is a multiline TEXT value, INSCHARS preserves the line breaks in the returned value.
One or more characters that you insert into text-expression.
INTEGER that represents the character position after which the specified characters are to be inserted. The position of the first character in text-expression is 1. To insert characters at the beginning of the text, specify 0 for after. When you omit this argument, INSCHARS inserts the characters after the last character in text-expression.
When you specify a value for after that is greater than the length of text-expression, INSCHARS adds blanks to the last line of text-expression. The number of inserted blanks is the difference between the value of after and the length of text-expression. For example,
INSCHARS('abc' 'def' 4) inserts one blank before adding
'def' to 'abc', resulting in.
abc def


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The Beatles' seventh album was released in early August 1966. Following the release of Rubber Soul the group had embarked on what was to be their final UK concert tour and following a lengthy break, they returned to Abbey Road to record continually for three months. The first recordings released from these sessions, engineered by Geoff Emerick, was the single "Paperback Writer" and "Rain" and those tracks gave an indication of what was to come.
Having longer in the studio had paid off with greater creativity and experimentation and with John and Paul in fine form as writers. George also made his mark with three of his compositions appearing on a Beatles album for the first time.
Prior to the album's release, the band had set off on a short tour of Western Germany, prior to flying to Japan then the Philippines and finally to the USA for what turned out to be their final gigs, the last of which took place on 29thAugust 1966 at Candlestick Park, San Francisco
The distinctive album sleeve design was the work of Klaus Voormann, an old friend from their Hamburg Days.
The album entered the UK chart at no. 1 where it enjoyed seven weeks in that spot out of an impressive overall run of 34 weeks.
The album released in the US was almost identical - The sleeve looked the same but the album only included 11 tracks. The reason for this was that Capitol had already released three of the songs on a collection issued in June titled "Yesterday...And Today". Following a five week stay at # 1, this album was knocked off the top spot by "Revolver" which then spent six of its 77 week chart life in that position.
NME Friday, July 29, 1966
The latest Beatles album 'Revolver' certainly has new sounds and new ideas, and should cause plenty of argument among fans as to whether it is as good as or better than previous efforts. One thing seems certain to me - you'll soon all be singing about a 'Yellow Submarine'. This has been chosen as one 'A' side to be released as a 45 next week, along with the ballad 'Eleanor Rigby'.
"Their ideas, now, were beginning to become much more potent in the studio, and they would start telling me what they wanted, and they would start pressing me for more ideas."
"We were having more fun in the studio, from Revolver. Rubber Soul, as it was building up it was getting more experimental. The songs were getting better. More interesting... So that's where we were going."
"One day, tape op got the tape on backwards, went to play it and it __...' - Bloody hell, it sounds Indian!'."
"We suddenly thought, 'Hey, what does a record do? It revolves. Great!'. You know - and so it was a Revolver."
"Musically, I felt we were progressing in leaps and bounds. Some of the stuff on this and the Rubber Soul album was brilliant. There was nothing like it."
"He'd come up with things like, 'Well, have you heard an oboe?', ' - No, which one's that?'. 'It's this one'. That would be nice. So, it was really we grew together."
"It was on Revolver that, of course, we have the track Tomorrow Never Knows - which was a great innovation."
In Abbey Road Studios
"That's the first record with backwards music on it; before Hendrix, before The Who, before any f**ker."


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The Garden Spot, Week 15
If I've learned anything about small scale gardening in the last 15 weeks, its that you really do get what you give. This past weekend I attacked my garden for a few hours, pruning and weeding, and saying goodbye to some bolting radish plants and sad looking lettuce. It was a rewarding process, as now my garden is in tip top shape.
I now know which plants really thrive in the space/light I give them — summer squashes, basil, kale, and sunflowers. I decided that I can never have too much basil, so I combined some of my squash plants in a larger container, and used their old pots to plant some more of the delicious green stuff (pesto for days!).
I also did a fair bit of harvesting, which I cooked up that same night in the style of a salad from my beloved Anella. All fresh, all local, all totally grown by me. It was truly a beautiful thing.
Are you eating anything from your garden yet? I want to hear all about it!


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Kanye West Freestyle Live Performance "I Even GOt Gangsta's Wearing Tight Jeans. You Know You Biting My Style" [Taking Shots At Jim Jones?]
Kanye West freestyle
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Warren and I are so proud of our little blog child and are stunned that five years have passed since the creation. BC has not only been a great learning and sharing experience, but it has also been a wonderful diary of adventures and new friends.
We met Peter Kaestner in 2006.
And went and visited him and his lovely family in India in 2009.
We met Paul Baicich in 2006 and he opened our minds to birding conservation.
In 2007, my Dad taught me everything he knew about beekeeping.
In 2009, I said goodbye to him for the final time...
In 2007, David Sibley commented on the "mystery bird" that found his way to our feeder...
As the years went by, so did many cameras (and one computer) that proved themselves unworthy of BirdCouple magic. We introduced BC to Twitter and Facebook.
Cute Husband and I celebrate each New Year's Day counting all the common birds as new "ticks" for the year and then we spend a weekend every February at the Ocean City Maryland Inlet... freezing and remembering the anniversary of the day we met.
Warren traveled to Iran , Afghanistan , Indonesia and Iraq for journalist work and a little birding -as safety permitted.
Our boys grew up and became men...and gentlemen!
We hiked 500+ miles on the Appalachian Trail, noting loads of birds as we walked.
We also took note of all the other cool things planet Earth has to offer...
We traveled to India, Namibia, Arizona, North Dakota, Florida, Oregon and Hawaii in search of birds and more birds....
And, sure we have our occasional love spats, but the best part of the last five years has been sharing and celebrating it all with the love of my life, my best friend.
Here's to another 5 + 45 years of pure fun and love!
Monday, November 28, 2011
BirdCouple is 5 Years OLD!
Posted by Warren and Lisa Strobel at 2:07 PM
3 comments:
- Unknown said...
Congratulations! 5 years is ancient in blogger years. I've been blogging for seven years, but only bird blogging for three. Time flies when we're having fun.
- November 28, 2011 at 3:24:00 PM EST
- Larry said...
Nice little review of the past five years. Reading it made me realize how little I travel.Hope you make it another 5 years and beyond!
- December 6, 2011 at 6:00:00 PM EST
- Dawn Fine said...
Congrats Dear Bird Couple..May you have many many more blogger years together.
- December 12, 2011 at 2:57:00 PM EST
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Use the filters below to find your perfect SEAT Arona Fr:
There are three Fr models from the Arona range, starting from £21,630. Available in a petrol engine with manual and automatic transmissions. It obtains reasonable fuel efficiency of 48.7mpg (Fr 1.0 TSI 115ps) and extremely low CO2 figures at just 110g/km (Fr 1.0 TSI 115ps).
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On my last night in the Northwest, I made the routine drive back from Portland to the Gorge under the cover of an almost full moon. A 30 mile per hour east wind shook the car from side to side as I listened to Rebellion by the Arcade Fire on my iPhone. Staring out of the window at the scenery illuminated by the vibrant light of the moon, I realized that December was a Blue Moon. I slammed on the brakes, hopped out of the car, opened my trunk, grabbed my tripod and 5d Mark II, and set the shutter for long exposures.
Every few minutes, headlights appeared down the road and I released the shutter to avoid over exposures. Baffled by the by concept of being outside of their heat seats and radios, the drivers sped on.
Once in a Blue Moon (Picasa),
Blue Moon (Wikipedia).


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Writing Advice and Blog Topics Sent Weekly!
Join over 480 (and growing) subscribers to the Blog Topics newsletter, a service dedicated to helping you improve your writing and to give you topic ideas as starters for your own great works.
Each week, you receive a post with over 10 topic ideas for blog posts, plus several paragraphs of writing advice. It's useful for business writers, for personal writers, and for videobloggers and podcasters, too. Each week is a mix of ideas that might help you make money, make a connection, or make your blog stay relevant and interesting.
Blog Topics Is A Community
We have a very active Facebook Page where you can connect and interact with fellow Blog Topics subscribers, and you can share and learn from each other, as well as from the weekly emails we send out. If you want to learn more, swing by the Blog Topics page and check it out for yourself.
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You're looking to step up your blogging game. Our Blog Topics community and weekly newsletter will help. Get to know what you can do with a few ideas to nudge you along. We'd love to have you. Joining is simple. Just click here to start the process.
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|Story Time
Event Type: Early and Family Literacy
Age Group(s): Toddlers and pre-schoolers
Date: 2/10/2019
Start Time: 11:30 AM
End Time: 12:00 PM
Help your child to develop literacy skills through stories, songs and activities. Sessions aim to encourage reading, learning and the enjoyment of books in a group environment.Venue: Greenbank Library Where Are We?
Other Information:
Bookings are not required. Please telephone Greenbank Library on 3297 5158 for further information.


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I'd like to add a couple of chapters to C. S. Lewis's Screwtape Letters. Not to say that I'm up to it, but some thoughts spring to mind. Here's a go at one of the new letters from the senior demon to his nephew-apprentice Wormwood, counseling the junior tempter as to how he can more effectively seduce "the Patient":
You can't do it all at once and you can't do it one by one. You'll have to work very hard to change the whole framework of a generation's assumed convictions. The way you should do this won't make sense at first, but I assure you that it works. You have to shift their habits of thinking from the more serious to the more trivial (without blowing your cover and provoking the opposite reaction). Affirm the second-best thing against the first-best, then the third-best against the second-best, and so on. Here's what I mean.
First, encourage them to take their faith for granted, by relying on what others believe. Distract them from explicit concern to a foggy memory of slogans and phrases they learned in their nurseries. This shouldn't be difficult. They've grown up in it, after all. The Enemy uses that to his benefit, so we should too. It doesn't really matter if they assent to beliefs about the Trinity, the Incarnation, Atonement, Resurrection, and all, as long as they don't know why they believe it or why it matters. Get them somehow to think that the Enemy is either too far away to really care about them or so near that he's a harmless pet—even better, their own inner voice. But the important thing here is to dissuade them from reflecting on what happened—you know, the stuff you've heard about "Immanuel: God with us."
Second, now that they have begun to take it all for granted and wear it lightly, affirm the importance of spirituality, feeling, and doing good to others. That's already there in the Enemy's speeches, of course, but separate all of this from the question of truth. If possible (and it is, I assure you), use these very "virtues" celebrated by the Enemy as weapons against the doctrine. As long as they keep him in their private experience, but don't really think of the Enemy entering history and bringing "salvation" to "sinners," we should have less trouble with them spreading their nonsense. Help them to shift the burden of their religion from public truth to personal experience and happiness. Then, once they run into some rough patches they'll realize it doesn't work. The key: just keep it all light and superficial. There should be plenty of good resources already available for that sort of thing. Soon, they'll forget it altogether.
Third, now they'll be ripe for an outright offensive strategy on your part. Now that the "weightiness" of the Enemy's speeches have been drained from their daily routines, and they think, feel, and live more like us, attack the beliefs straight-on. They already wear them lightly, so, with a little sophistry, they shouldn't be likely to hold onto them too dearly. At this point, though, while you're doing this, be careful to assure them of the good that religion can do in the world. I know that it works against your grain, but it does work in the end. For example, make them deeply concerned to celebrate Christmas and Easter as cultural holidays. They really love Christmas. Puff the holiday, but add in all sort of other things that make it sentimental rather than serious. They can still have the trappings; the important thing at this stage is that they let go of what it meant. Maybe they'll start thinking of the Enemy's so-called "achievements" no longer as an announcement but as a philosophy for living, cultural values, and that sort of thing. Just get it out of the sphere of "Good News," as some of them still call it. Again, there should be plenty of resources near at hand for you to use—especially look for ones that they produce themselves!
OK, I don't know if that works as fiction. But, sadly, it has worked in reality. Check out this provocative article in the Daily Telegraph: "Britain Will Miss Christianity When It's Gone."


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Is the singularity near?
"Well, some amazing changes that are fantastically big and fantastically fast are coming our way," says noted futurist Alvin Toffler in the much-anticipated movie, The Singularity Is Near: a true story about the future, available today.
The Singularity Is Near stars Ramona, played by NCIS star Pauley Perrette, a superintelligent avatar (artificial-intelligence- based, human-like virtual person) created by AI wizard Ray Kurzweil (played… read more


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The best advise I've received on logo design was from my seasoned Graphic Design business partner: the easiest and fastest way to avoid doppelgängers and lookalike logos is… SUBJECT IT TO THE BLACK & WHITE TEST!!
A powerful tool to test logo designs, and see how yours stack up against whatever's out there. Because a good logo shold be able to communicate the same message as effectively in black and white, as it does in its original color.
As demonstrated with the logos on this page, seeing the world in black and white can open your eyes to a different reality. Some logos are too close to comfort, and similarities often cannot be avoided. Colors can have a significant impact, as they are an inseparable part of brand identity. PS: You can see the original colored logos below.
Bind Banco Industrial, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Pittsburgh, PA-based ATI (Allegheny Technologies Inc.) Metal Co.; SPG (Starwood Preferred Guest) Loyalty Program from the Starwood Hotels & Resorts, a global portfolio of leading hotel brands like: St. Regis, W Hotel, Westin, Sheraton, Four Points by Sheraton, ALOFT and Element, among others.
Some logos are simpler than others, designed using a combination of simple basic forms to communicate their brand identities. Sometimes the simplest of ideas create the greatest impact.
The art of capturing an entire company's ideas, ethos, knowledge and the future in one logo and corporate identity is an integral part of visual branding. Of course there's more to branding than meets the eye!
Most of today's organizations are well-versed in this most fundamental of branding-building exercises. Some are still struggling to design an identity that best represents their values and positive traits, while others come up with eerily similar-looking designs, albeit representing vastly different organizations, across a multitude of industries and countries.
I consider myself as a visual creature, and the past few years i've been on a personal mission to identify suspiciously similar looking Logos and Corporate Identities. Allow me to add a footnote, however, as I've learned from past experience; the opinions on the similarities are subjective, representing my views. And my sole intention is simply to demonstrate that we are all inspired by the same things. Now more than ever, thanks to the internet.
To date I've come across myriad doppelgängers, look-alikes, wannabes, copies, or plain plagiarism. Sheer coincidence? Or copycats?
Realistically of course, I'm not discounting the simple fact that some may have been inspired by the same ideas. Nevertheless, it's an ever changing, ever amassing encyclopedia of visual identity that's just a click away. Here's a look at some.
There's an old French proverb: "Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose," first coined by French columnist and novelist Alphonse Karr (1808-1890), which loosely translates to: "The more we change, the more we stay the same."
Before the internet, we all operated in virtual seclusion and isolation, as individuals in our world. Collaboration only occurred in Multinational Corporations that operated across different countries and cultures. In the business world, ideas and innovation spread in limitation, only to organizations that had the resources and means to communicate
Fast forward to the Internet and Social Media era, connecting the human race like never before in history, like a labyrinth of busy bees.
Facebook, Twitter, Linked-IN, Groupon, Instagram, Pinterest, Path and Crowdsourcing are becoming a common part of our vocabulary and lifestyle… through which mediums we are connected through our work, and the objects that inspire us.
And for all of you digital natives (those born after 1980s when internet and digital revolution was in full swing) out there, I'm sure life without it is simply unfathomable.
It turns out that being a true original is increasingly difficult, if not virtually impossible.
Inspiration: Stephen Gate's Blog


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This is an excerpt from ACSM's Complete Guide to Fitness & Health. Edited by Barbara A. Bushman, PhD, FASCM.
An aerobic workout should follow a consistent pattern to optimize safety as well as enjoyment. You should begin with a warm-up, which is followed by the main part of the workout, called the endurance conditioning phase. The workout is then wrapped up with a cool-down. See figure 6.1 for an overview of an aerobic exercise session.
A warm-up that consists of a minimum of five to ten minutes of low- to moderate-level activity is essential.1 The intent of the warm-up is to literally increase the temperature of the muscles, thus preparing the body for the demands of the endurance conditioning phase, or main focus, of the workout. A warm-up prepares your heart, lungs, and muscles for the endurance conditioning phase of your aerobic training session. Think of the warm-up as an on-ramp to a freeway. The on-ramp gives you time to bring your vehicle up to the speed of traffic to avoid an accident. The faster the traffic is, the longer the on-ramp should be. In the same way, your warm-up should be longer if the intensity of the conditioning phase is high.
Warm-up activities may include some light calisthenics or lower-level activities similar to what you will be including in the conditioning phase. For example, if your program includes brisk walking for the conditioning phase, then the warm-up could include slower-paced walking. If the conditioning phase includes a more intense activity such as running, then jogging would be appropriate in the warm-up. The point is to gradually increase the intensity from resting levels to the intensity you plan for the conditioning phase.
To continue with the freeway analogy, the endurance conditioning phase is the freeway itself—the main focus of your journey. The conditioning phase for aerobic activity is guided by the FITT principle, which stands for frequency, intensity, time, and type.2 Frequency refers to the number of days per week in which you set aside time for exercise. Intensity reflects how hard you are working when exercising.Time simply refers to the duration you are active, on a daily or weekly basis. And, type, or exercise mode, focuses on activities that involve large-muscle groups to improve cardiorespiratory fitness.
Although FITT nicely summarizes the conditioning phase, some fitness professionals like FITTE better—the E stands for enjoyment! All the recommendations and information in the world will mean little if you do not stick with your exercise program. Understanding the benefits of an exercise program (as outlined in chapter 1) will help you adhere to it, but considering the time commitment you are making, you should also be sure you are having some fun. Suggestions for keeping exercise enjoyable are found later in this chapter. First, consider the nuts and bolts of an aerobic exercise program.
The recommended frequency of aerobic exercise is between three and five days per week. How many days you exercise will depend on your goals and the intensity that is most appropriate for you. Although as few as a couple of days per week of activity can provide benefits, regular physical activity provides more benefits and has a lower risk of musculoskeletal injury than sporadic activity.1, 3 You will need as few as three days per week if you are engaging in vigorous activity, but at least five days per week is recommended if you plan on moderate-intensity activity. For example, if you enjoy running (a vigorous activity), three days per week will provide you with health and fitness benefits. However, if you plan on a walking program (a moderate-intensity activity), then at least five days per week would be better. If you enjoy mixing types and intensities of activity,3 then a weekly combination of three to five days of moderate and vigorous activity is recommended.1 For example, you may walk a couple days per week and jog on another couple days. This would be considered at two days per week of moderate activity (i.e., walking) and two days per week of vigorous activity (i.e., jogging), allowing you to meet the recommended amount of physical activity.
As the intensity of activity increases, so do the potential health benefits. To promote health and fitness benefits, your exercise must place some stress on your cardio-respiratory system. In other words, you should notice an increase in your heart rate and breathing. When speaking of intensity, fitness professionals generally use the terms moderate and vigorous.3 For a quick picture, consider moderate-intensity activity to be equivalent to brisk walking and vigorous-intensity activity to be equivalent to jogging or running.3
A variety of simple methods are available to help you quantify the intensity of your exercise bout. One method is to monitor your perceived level of effort. Although this is subjective (i.e., you determine how easy or hard you are exercising), a numerical scale can help guide you to appropriate levels of activity. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans suggests a scale of 0 to 10. Sitting at rest is 0, and your highest effort level possible is 10.3 Moderate-intensity activity is a 5 or 6 on this effort scale. Vigorous-intensity activity is at a level of 7 or 8. This method allows you to individualize your exercise based on your current level of cardiorespiratory fitness.3 For an example of applying this scale, see figure 6.2.
Another method, called the talk test, can also be used to establish exercise intensity at a moderate level. If you are working at an intensity that increases breathing rate but still allows you to speak without gasping for breath between words, you are likely exercising at a moderate intensity. The goal would be to exercise to the point at which speech would start to become more difficult. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans suggests that moderate-intensity activity allows you to talk but not to sing, whereas more vigorous activity results in an inability to say more than a few words without pausing for a breath.3
Heart rate monitoring can also be helpful for determining your intensity level, although it is a bit more technical than the subjective measures of effort level and the talk test. The maximal heart rate for adults can be estimated by multiplying your age in years by 0.67 and then subtracting that product from 206.9 (numbers in bold are constants, or set values, in the following equation).
206.9 – ( age in years × 0.67) = estimated maximal heart rate
You will not be exercising at maximal heart rate, but rather, at a percentage of that value; the percentage will depend on your fitness level (consider the values in table 6.1 as a starting point).2 Multiply your estimated maximal heart rate by the activity factor from table 6.1 to determine your target heart rate.
estimated maximal heart rate × activity factor
= target exercise heart rate in beats per minute
Note that your heart rate can also be influenced by environmental conditions (e.g., hot, humid environments) as well as medications (e.g., beta-blockers used for migraines and heart disease can lower heart rate). The calculated value should be used in conjunction with perceived exertion or the talk test. You can adjust your workload up or down depending on your perception of effort on a given day. A description of how to assess your heart rate is found on page 24 in chapter 2. Recall that during exercise you can count the number of beats in 15 seconds and then multiply that number by 4 to determine your beats per minute.
Recognize, too, that you can vary your intensity during the conditioning phase. Athletes often use interval training, which includes some time at higher intensity followed by lower-intensity exercise. This provides a unique stress on the body that translates into improved aerobic fitness. This principle can be used for general exercise programs as well. For example, if you are just beginning to exercise, you could include a few minutes at a faster walking pace within your conditioning phase. Alternating between lower and higher intensity provides variety as well as a stimulus to improve your aerobic capacity, no matter your current level of fitness.
Read more about ACSM's Complete Guide to Fitness & Health, edit by Barbara A. Bushman, PhD, FASCM.
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