text:
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He wrote narrations, novels, correspondence in Hamaggid, and Hamewasser.
He played the main roll in the affair of Reb Beriniu.
The Chasidim saw in him, the cause of the sins that Beb Beriniu committed while he was staying in Dr. Reitmann's house.
They blamed him for leading Reb Beriniu down the false path.
He published a scientific fortnightly magazine which appeared in Iasi from 1878 to 1879 as well as a Hebrew weekly periodical, Hamizpeh (1881), which was printed in Chernivtsi and then in Bucharest.
In 1894 working in Chernivtsi, he edited a scientific literary monthly periodical, Haschachar hechadasch, of which only two editions appeared in Krakow.
He never had much luck with his publications although Ornstein wielded a slashing pen and was skilled in literature.
His essay Oroth Meofel, (about the Leovaer tragedy) appeared in Silberbusch's monthly publication, Haor (Lemberg 1882-1883), his stories Hagolem, (Haschachar IX, p. 366-374), Hasatan bjom hakipurim (Haschachar IX, p 486-502), in which he used the story of R. Beriniu as material and berated the wonder rabbis, his books: Toldoth haamim (Vienna, 1879, Toldoth Gojej Jmej Kedem: About Egypt (Haschachar, Jhrg. X, XII) and about Assyria and Babylon in Ozar Hasifruth (Bd II), Isch chamudoth, Stories (Lemberg 1888) and Hoge deoth ( Bible research) found great success in Maskilim circles.
Ornstein, who for a time was a teacher at the main Jewish school in Chernivtsi and then the leader of the Jewish schools in Bacau and Budoj and finally was active in Ploiesti raised a whole generation in the spirit of radical assimilation Haskala ideas because in the Hebrew speech and culture, he saw only a bridge to German speech and culture.
In the years 1886 to 1889, he lived in Lemberg. He spent the last years of his life in Chernivtsi where he died on November 3, 1906.
One of the leaders of the Chernivtsi Maskilim was Matitjahu Simche Rabener.
Born in Lemberg on January 23, 1826, he was raised in a strict Jewish tradition in the house of his father, R. Leib Bojberker and his mother Jente, from the old aristocratic family Menkes.
A student of the rabbi Jakob Ornstein, he enjoyed the reputation of a jluj [PP] . But early as his 15thyear, he learned foreign languages, Hebrew grammar and wrote Hebrew poetry which his friend R. Mendil Stern (1811-1871) published in 1845 in the first volume of his magazine Kochbei Jitzchak58.
Rabener studied philosophy, oriental languages and music at the university in Lemberg. In 1848, he married a woman who lived in Rawa Ruska. In Rawa Ruska he became friends with the writer Abraham Goldberg and visited Nachman Krochmal in Zolkiew, the Maskilim in the surrounding region and Simson Bloch in Kulikow.
Rabener, who dedicated himself to business lost in 1855 his entire fortune and moved to Narajow where he became secretary to a rich businessman.
In 1860, his uncle rabbi Dr.
Igel, called him to Chernivtsi to be a teacher. Here he
was a leader in Maskilim circles, where he was prized as a poet. He published in addition to his Hebrew grammar, Luach Halew, a collection of poetry, Eth-Hasamir, which contained a Hebrew translation of Schiller's poetry.
In 1862, appeared a translation of Lord Byron's poetry with the title, Neimoth Eber.
In 1865, he moved to Suceava where he was appointed as sermonizer and religion teacher at the gymnasium. Here he published a sermon titled Cyrus and Franz Joseph I.
In 1867, he was appointed school principal and sermonizer in Falticeni and in 1869 he was called as school principal and sermonizer to Iasi where he remained until 1886.
In Iasi, he published the
quarter yearly magazine, Simrath Haartez, of which two editions
appeared. These issues dealt mainly with issues of religion and education.
Rabener was not an original poet. What he published was mainly translations from German literature (mainly poems from Schiller).
In addition, he published essays and poems in Hamewasser, Ozar Chochmah, Haeth, and Hamagid.
He also wrote a German drama, Sulamith, which really was a dramatization of Schir Haschirim.
During his stay in Chernivtsi, in addition to the Maskilim, Abraham Goldfaden, who published a Jewish weekly, which however only appeared for a short time also lived there. During this period, Welwel Zbarazer-Ehrenkranz and David Isaiah Silberbusch also lived there.
Under the influence of Welwel Zbarazer, who translated the ideas of the Haskala into satirical Yiddish songs that he sung in bars, the common people began to appreciate these ideas and the Yiddish language.
The book dealer Jehoschua Widmann and the brother of Welwel Zbarazer, Meir Ehrenkranz also were part of the Maskilim circle in Chernivtsi.
Widmann, who was born on January 14, 1840 in Nadworna and who died on February 20 1917 in Chernivtsi, founded the first Jewish book store in Chernivtsi.
He was a lover of the Hebrew style and in 1881, edited a collection of letters which were written in a flamboyant style.
Meir Ehrenkranz was a teacher of the Hebrew language from 1871 to 1875 in Chernivtsi and in 1878 published a small book of Hebrew satirical works59.
An exception in this group was David Apotheker (1855-1911) from Lithuania, a student of Moses Leib Lillenblum, who in 1877 as a student in the Kiewer University joined the revolutionary movement and in 1879 was sentenced to exile because he was a Nihilist. He succeeded in fleeing to Austria where he settled in Chernivtsi. Here he opened a book store. In 1881, he published a collection of ten folk songs in Yiddish and Hebrew (the Lyre) along with music which had a socialistic tone, but had no poetic value. Here, he also wrote under the pseudonym Leibisch Chussid a satire titled Schulchan Aruch Hilchoth Tikun.
In 1888, he went to America where he unsuccessfully tried to found a communist colony. He then published a satirical humorous periodical.
The cultural life of the Jewish intelligentsia who received their education in German schools and universities was strongly influenced by the advancing Europeanization.
Out of these circles came Jewish writers, who had no spiritual or language connection with Jewish culture. They produced the works of their intellect in the German speech.
One of the first German writing authors was Moritz Amster who came from an old established Chernivtsi family.
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Born in Chernivtsi on February 13, 1831, he studied in public schools and then was a banker and landlord into his seventies. Already as a young man he wrote in German for the Jewish weeklies. He sent interesting letters on the Jewish condition in Galicia and Bukovina to the Allgemeinen Zeitung des Judentums and the Wiener Blaetter.
In the seventies, he moved to Vienna where he worked as secretary for the Free Masons Lodge and as editor of their house organ, The Compass. He was also actively writing, publishing poems and essays in Baeuerle's Theater Newspaper, Wiener Mirror of Fashion, and Homeland. In 1875, in honor of the opening of the university in Chernivtsi, he published an anthology called A Book of Poetic Memories.
The writer and story teller, Karl Emil Franzos (1848-1904) is closely associated with Chernivtsi.
His father who was first a military doctor and then the district doctor in Czortkow was fully assimilated and gave him no Jewish education, but implanted a special love for all things German. He attended the elementary school in Czortkow which was run by the Dominicans and then the father sent him to the German high school in Chernivtsi.
At the age of 14, he lost his father and had to earn his living with hourly work. After he graduated, he studied from 1867 to 1872 in Vienna and Graz Jura and took active part in student life and represented the Vienna students at the Berlin Kartell congress.
After finishing his university studies, he decided to dedicate himself to writing.
From 1872 to 1876, he traveled in Central Europe, Russia, Turkey and Egypt. From 1882 to 1885 he edited the New Illustrated Newspaper in Vienna. He then moved to Berlin where he founded the semimonthly magazine, German Poetry which he edited until his death in n1904.
In his literary efforts like Leopold Kompert, he described with a sharp gift of observation, the Galician-Ruthenian [QQ] and Jewish milieu but with the critical eye of an already assimilated enlightened Jew who sacrificed Judaism for general humanity and education. In his novels and stories, he preached the necessity for the Westernization of the Jews and giving up of fanaticism and ignorance.
His descriptions of the milieu and the exotic of Eastern European Judaism were extremely griping and colorful. Although he felt he was a German, he got very close to the Eastern European Jews that he became acquainted with in Chernivtsi and Czortkow.
As a recorder of customs and culture, who thought that the lands of Galicia, Bukovina and Romania had only a thin veneer of culture, he gained a great name in German literature.
The youth who were educated in public schools, found themselves drawn to German culture and separated themselves from the spirit of Judaism and the Hebrew language.
They saw their ideal in liberal German culture. It was no wonder that the Jewish intelligentsia for two decades were the primary supporters of German science60, literature60aand media60bin Bukovina.
The constitutional freedom after 1867 created among Jews the dream of an ascendance into a shining Germandom and that cult of German literature as described by Franzos in his novel, Schiller in Barnow.
Only when the great disappointment came did they find their way back to Judaism.
With the help of the Jews the country that was really Romanian and Ruthenian, became Germanized, because they used German as their everyday speech.
They also cooperated politically with the Germans, who in these decades were still liberally oriented.
Even from a business-social viewpoint, the Jews were the chief supporters of the German elements.
The Businessmen's Progress Organization in Chernivtsi supported in addition to business interests, a common political platform for the Jews and Germans61.
This close cooperation, nourished the assimilations process even more. So far in fact that in 1882 in Zurich an anonymous writer published an essay called, We Jews, observations and suggestions of a Bukovina Jew in which he suggested that complete assimilation with other races was the only way to wipe out anti-Semitism62.
Rabbi Dr. Igel is probably the only one who tried to lift Jewish self confidence and to nurture and preserve Jewish cultural values.
He used the opportunity of the visit of the visit of the Hebrew author and speaker for the National Jewish Movement, Perez Smolenskin, who visited Romania in 1874 for the Movement and who stopped in Chernivtsi to suggest to Smoleskin that he found a Jewish Institution of higher learning in Chernivtsi which would have the goal of instilling the spirit of Judaism in teachers and rabbis.
Smolenskin himself thought about founding a Jewish high school in which the Hebrew language and Jewish disciplines would be taught.
Out of all this, however came nothing.
Also Dr. Igel's successor as chief rabbi, Dr. Josef Rosenfeld (1858-1922) tried to lift the level of Jewish consciousness.
Dr. Rosenfeld, born in Neustadtl, Hungary, enjoyed a strict Jewish upbringing and a talmudic education. He then studied in Berlin where he got his Rabbi's diploma and in Leipzig where he earned the Doctorate of Philosophy in 1883. He was an important Sermonizer and after the end of his studies served as rabbi (1886-1893) in Orozhaza (Hungary). From there he was called to Hamburg-Altona as Rabbi and Sermonizer, but as a non citizen was only provisionally hired.
Several very influential German rabbis secretly conducted a successful campaign to prevent him from obtaining German citizenship.
Resigned to his fate, Dr. Rosenfeld in 1893, accepted the call to Chernivtsi where he quickly accepted and enjoyed success as a sermonizer and educator.
As early as 1861, the year in which the first Regional Parliament was to sit, with full approval of the Germans, the Jewish vice mayor, Dr. Josef Fechner was chosen as representative of the city in the Regional Parliament for the term 1861-1867.
There was some Jews in the Constitutional party which was really the political organization of the liberal Germans. One of these was Jakob Kohn who as successor to Dr. Fechner was chosen as a candidate and elected in 1874.
Because of their position in trade and commerce and in the town of Chernivtsi, it was accepted that the Jews would have representatives in the Regional Parliament as well as the Reichsrat, not as Jews, but as members of the Constitutional party and later the Liberal club, the German Austrian clubs, the Free German Association and this situation continued until 1897.
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The following Jewish
representatives were elected by the chamber of commerce and the city to sit in
the Regional Parliament:
-1874 Dr. Josef Fecher as representative of the city.In the regional commission which had 8 members, the following Jews sat:
-1863 Isak Rubinstein as representative of the Chamber of Commerce.
-1871 Dr. Hermann Peras
-1877 Leibuka Barber
-1898 Jakob Kohn
-1901 David Tittinger
-1903 Josef Steiner
-1914 Wilhelm Tittinger
-1914 Dr. Benno Straucher
-1867 Dr. Josef FechnerThe following were elected to the Vienna Reichsrat
-1910 Dr. Benno Straucher
-1914 Dr. Neumann Wender
-1878 Isak RubinsteinSince 1885 two Jewish representatives served in the period 1885-1891, Heinrich Wagner elected by the city and Heinrich Popper elected by the Chamber of Commerce.
-1879 Heinrich Wagner, elected from the Chamber of Commerce.
-1885 Heinrich Wagner, elected from the Chamber of Commerce.
1891-1896 Heinrich Popper elected by the Chamber of Commerce died in 1896 and was succeeded by David Tittinger.
1891-1896 Heinrich Wagner from the city of Chernivtsi.
1897-1900 David Tittinger from the Chamber of Commerce, member of the Free German Federation.
1897-1900 Dr. Benno Straucher from the city who turned the politics of Bukovina upside-down by ceasing the cooperation with the Germans and declaring an independent Jewish politics and as such, elected to the city court. In parliament he was an independent
1901-1906 Leon Rosenzweig from the Chamber of Commerce, member of the German Progress party, Dr. Benno Straucher from the city, Jewish National party, independent.
With Dr. Benno Straucher's election in the Jewish community began a new chapter in the Jewish politics of Bukovina.
He began his career as a German Liberal fighting the Jewish Oligarchy as a representative of the little man.
Straucher swayed from the German Liberal path, when in 1891, he ran against Heinrich Wagner in the Reichsrat and lost.
In 1897, he was elected when running against Kochanowski, the mayor of Chernivtsi.
At this time Straucher was the only politician who had the courage to take up the fight against the Jewish Oligarchy.
Born in 1854 in the village Rohozna near Sadagura, he came from an old established family which already at the beginning of the XIX century was active in the leadership of the Jewish community. After finishing his law studies in the Chernivtsi university he settled down in Chernivtsi as an attorney.
Like other Jews with an academic education, Straucher associated himself with the Jewish liberal circle which cooperated with the Germans.
He had a strong rebellious nature and associated himself with the common people. Straucher couldn't tolerate the Oligarch local Jewish families who considered themselves patricians and began a battle against them. Without having any clear political agenda, he operated merely with the slogan, The interests of the little man.
Because of his interaction with the ordinary people, he saw that the Jews were a people whose interests in no way coincided with those of the Germans.
Gradually his orientation became Jewish National and in 1906 he accepted the political program of the Zionist conference in Cracow and officially joined the Zionist organization.
The fight he took up in the eighties had contributed greatly to the nationalist awareness of the Jews in Bukovina.
He represented Jewish interests in the Regional Parliament and the Reichsrat and met with courage the attacks of the anti-Semites and fought the Judenpolitic in Romania and Russia and demanded in addition to full political and citizens rights the fulfillment of the national cultural needs of the Jews in Austria.
It can't be denied that Dr. Straucher influenced by the Zionist movement which blossomed in the ninety's took a Jewish national direction in his politics.
Straucher and his followers were successful in the Chernivtsi city council in making 20 of the 50 city council statutes, known as Straucher's list serve their purposes. Thanks to this position, one of Straucher's fellow party members, Dr. Eduard Reiss was mayor of Chernivtsi from 1905 to 1908.
In the Chamber of Commerce, 90% of the seats were in Jewish hands.
The first messengers of the Zionist ideals were students who studied at the university in Vienna and had come in contact with the already existing Vienna Zionist movement led by Dr. Birnbaum.
Jewish students from Bukovina were members of the first academic Zionist organization, Kadimah, in Vienna. When they went home during vacation, they were the first heralds of the Zionist ideology.
Under their influence, young gymnasium students became Jewish nationalist oriented.
Already in 1886, the gymnasium student Josef Bierer, a son of Dr. Reuben Bierer had propagated the Jewish nationalism idea among his colleagues and allied with professor David Mader and Isak Schmierer inspired the founding of a Jewish national citizens organization called the Jewish Reading Room.
The founding was successful, but the Jewish nationalist feeling gradually faded.
Later attempts to call a Jewish nationalistic academic connection to life, failed twice because of the desertion of many members64.
The group of gymnasium students stayed together, studied Jewish history and Self Emancipation edited by Dr. Natan Birnbaum became their spiritual guide.
The leaders of these gymnasium students were Isak Schmierer and Mayer Ebner.
This group listened to lectures on Jewish problems. Schmierer spoke on The Meaning of Jewish Nationalism, Jakob Kommer about The Relation of Lessings to the Jews, Philipp Menczel about The Cultural Historical Mission of Judaism, Mayer Ebner About the Spirit of Hebrew Poetry, and Schmierer over The Colonization of Palistine65.
In addition, there were regular lectures for the Gymnasium students66and national celebrations took place (Makkabaeer-Tische-b'Aw-Trauerfeiern [RR] ) at which Moses Igel, son of the chief rabbi Dr. Igel, Phillipp Menczel and Ebner spoke.
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Slowly, the national Jewish idea spread to the ordinary Jewish people.
In 1890 in Chernivtsi, during the Fall holidays propaganda was spread and money was collected for the colonization of Palestine.
Chief rabbi Dr. Igel, who for years had sympathized with the Chibath-Zion movement and who remained in contact with the Zionist organization of his hometown, Lemberg, held a Jewish national sermon in the synagogue against which the orthodox rabbi Benjamin Weiss, spoke out67.
Yes, because of the special machinations of Rabbi Benjamin Weiss, according to a letter from Chernivtsi, people in the synagogues and prayer houses were opposed to such contributions.
In spite of two failed attempts, Isak Schmierer and Philipp Menzzel, who were students at Chernivtsi University, Dr. Igel's two sons and Siegmund Neuberger and Josef Bierer who were both medical students in Vienna and were members of the Kadimah, decided to establish a fraternity similar to Kadimah in Chernivtsi. The group of gymnasium students led by Mayer Ebner allied themselves with the effort and declared they were ready to join the fraternity after they graduated.
After thorough consultation, on July 14, 1891 the first Zionist academic fraternity in Bukovina, Hasmonaea was founded.
Dr. Birnbaum spoke out against Hasmonaea in the Self Emancipation because it aped the German Burschenschaften [SS] . Dr. Bierer answered the charges in the name of Hasmonaea and justified its Burschenschaften like character. This reply didn't satisfy Dr. Birmbaum who said, clean yourselves of the fraternity colors.
In May of 1892, Dr. Birnbaum visited Chernivtsi to help in the formation of local branches of the Austrian Palestine colonization organization, Zion. He spoke in gatherings and as a result of his speeches a colonization organization called Admath Jeschurun was founded in Chernivtsi. Jakob Kindler was elected70aas president of the provisional committee,.
Also in Radauti, an organization Ahawath Zion was established, led by Rabbi Isak Kunstadt71as president, religion teacher Simon Schapira and Eisig Grabscheid as vice presidents and Josef Kaswan as secretary72.
The movement found a supporter here in the person of religion teacher, D. Feldman who was a nationalistic Jew73.
Self Emancipation had two confidential people, Leon Koenig in Chernivtsi and Simon Schapira in Radauti.
Hasmonaea opened the fight against assimilation with the Germans with an appeal written by Mayer Ebner, Against Jewish Assimilation73a.
The weekly periodical, The Jewish Echo founded in 1894 by Dr. Menczel advocated the cause of Zionism which gradually penetrated further layers of society.
The political situation, the collapse of the Liberal Party and the rise of the Christian Social Party as well as the anti-Semitic German national feeling which ruled the German middle classes and the German farmers in the pure Swabian villages gradually opened the eyes of the Jews and made clear to them that the Germans did not like the Jews who they could thank for the Germanization of the country.
The Zionist organizations called into life in Chernivtsi by the initiative of Hasmonaea under the leadership of Efraim Melzer and with help from Selig Wagschal and in Radauti, Suceava Frumosul and Siret already had a respectable number of members who spread the Jewish national idea to the masses. However, it was still no a great movement of the people.
Only with the publication of Herzl's The Jewish State and the first Zionist Congress in Basel which three Bukovina delegates, Dr. Mayer Ebner, Dr. Isak Sehmierer and Dr. Leo Picker attended, did a change come about in the Zionist movement in Bukovina.
The amazing growth of the Zionist movement is reported as follows by the Bukovina Rundschau:
That Zionism in a short time has become a true Jewish people's movement is shown by the fact that Zionist organizations are appearing in the smallest Jewish communities and this growth is mainly driven by the activity of the central organization in Chernivtsi78.
The Bukovina lawyer, Dr. Heinrich Kiesler published a paper against Zionism entitled, Judaism and Modern Zionism (Vienna 1897) in which he explained that Zion according to the Zionists would be a land for the Jews in which they would be isolated from all other people. According to Dr. Kiesler, the Jews were not a nation.
Later, Dr. Kiesler pleaded for political cooperation with the Romanians.
In 1899, there were already ten Zionist organizations.
During the disputes between the Galician Zionists about the formation of the Galician colony Machnajim in Eretz Israel, the followers of Herzel in East Galicia under the leadership of Dr. Salomon Rosenheck and Loebl Taubes decided to establish a common organization with the Bukovina Zionists.
But this plan didn't come to realization.
At the conference of the Austrian Zionists in Olmuetz (1901) it was decided to create a special district committee for Bukovina.
Shortly later in 1902, the first Zionist delegation meeting took place in Suceava at which Siegmund Weissglass was elected as president of the Regional Organization of Estate Owners in Zastavna, an office that he held until 1910.
The District Committee was successful in consolidating the Zionist organization.
In the light of the Reichsrat election in 1901, the Zionist movement had to decide if they wanted to become involved in regional politics.
The attitude of the Bukovina Germans forced the Jews to make a decision for it was clear that they absolutely couldn't cooperate with them.
By the same token, they couldn't and wouldn't become an appendage of the Romanian or Ruthenian parties.
As a result, there was only one way, that of the independent national politics, if the Jews wanted to make use of their political rights.
In May 1900, Dr. Theodor Herzl in connection with the upcoming parliamentary elections invited Dr. Ebner, Dr. Menczel and Dr. Bierer to a meeting of the Selected Action Committee for discussion of the political situation in Bukovina. All three held the view that the Zionists should stick to the task that concerned them and not mix in politics.
In the Selected Action Committee session of November 6, 1900 the above named gave a report on the preparatory work. Dr. Menczel suggested that they choose Rabbi Weiss as a candidate for the Reichsrat. Dr. Ebner was opposed because he didn't believe they could depend on Rabbi Weiss's party loyalty.
It was decided not to choose a Zionist candidate, but to support Dr. Straucher.
The leading circle of Zionist Intelligentsia in Bukovina as well as in Galicia where the Jews lived in their own communities and therefore were a political force came to the conclusion that a Jewish Realpolitik [TT] was necessary.
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Dr. Mayer Ebner discussed this question in the World in light of the series of articles by Dr. Nordau in Dr. Nordau took the standpoint that Romanian Jews shouldn't fight for equality because politics in general and Jewish regional politics in particular would be dangerous for the Jews.
Dr. Philipp Menczel expressed a similar viewpoint with the justification that Zionism was Jewish national and Realpolitik. One could carry on social politics, but no regional politics, this should only be done in the framework of non-Jewish parties.
Dr. Ebner on the other hand, supported the present work in the framework of the Zionist movement. Jewish Realpolitik was a necessity which would also be bear fruit for the Jewish spirit and self esteem and would therefore help the Zionist cause.
Dr. Ebner's viewpoint was supported by the majority of the Zionists.
The Zionist movement became the driving force for positive sense of Jewish national identity in Bukovina and educated the Jewish population about realpolitik.
In 1905 Poale-Zion under the leadership of Schaul Leib Steinmetz, Berl Locker, Meir Rosner, Saul Sokal and Meir Teich started a multi-branched propaganda program.
The Jews who immigrated from Russia in 1903-1904 brought new impulses to the Jewish masses and awoke great interest for Jewish problems.
With them came numerous Hebrew teachers who opened Hebrew kindergartens, schools and courses.
The Zionist movement took an upturn in the years 1905-1906 thanks to the activity of Professor Dr. Leon Kellner who received the Ordinariat der Katheder fuer Anglistik at the Chernivtsi university as well as Loebel Taubes who published the Jewish Weekly Paper and accomplished great service as a popular speaker for the Zionist organizations.
In addition to Hasmonaea, three more Zionist university fraternities, Hebronia Emunah, and Zephira. were formed.
In spite of the growth of the Zionist movement, the Jewish education of youth was sadly neglected.
The children of traditional parents received their education in the outmoded Chedars [UU] and Talmud-Torahs. In the Jewish community school in Chernivtsi and in the Baron Hirsch school in Sadagura Hebrew was taught in very few classes and in a very narrow way. Instruction in religion was just as lacking in the public elementary and middle schools.
A number of parents had their children take private Hebrew lessons with teachers who had immigrated from Russia or Galicia.
In certain Zionist circles, Hebrew speech courses were instituted, which however usually didn't last long.
Hebrew schools were successful only in Dorna-Kandreny, Kimpolung, Waschkoutz and Storozhinets and later also in Wiznitz, Sadagura and Chernivtsi.
In 1911 in Lemberg, Jom Haiwrim took place.
Because of the influence of this seminar and Dr. Schmarjahu Lewin's lecture tour, people began to consider the problem of Hebrew education more seriously.
The almost hopeless situation of the Hebrew movement, caused the more serious Zionist groups in 1913 to form a special Hebrew organization, Safah iwria. which was supposed to establish Hebrew courses and schools.
In most provincial cities, courses were given and there were even Hebrews schools, which however, were built on a weak foundation.
Safah iwria had to break off its activities because of the war and renewed them with success in 1918 under the leadership of Dr. Josef Bierer
Dr. Natan Birnbaum's move to Chernivtsi (1907), started a brisk Yiddish cultural activity among the Jewish intelligentsia. The academic association Jewish Culture for Yiddish was founded and at the end of August 1908 and under the leadership of Dr. Birnbaum, the Yiddish Speech Seminar at which the most well known Yiddish writers, J.L. Perez, Schalom Asch, and D. H. Nomschiedener, took political positions, proclaimed the Yiddish language as the national language of the Jewish people and laid the foundation for the Yiddish speech movement.
In Chernivtsi in 1908, Dr. Birnbaum published a weekly paper in Yiddish and in 1910, he brought out The People. In 1909, in order to promote Yiddish theater, Dr. Birnbaum founded the Jewish Theater Society. And in 1910 together with Loebl Taubes during the census, he lead an active campaign for Yiddish as an every day language.
In 1910 the Zionist convention elected new leaders with Professor Dr. Leon Kellner as president and Dr. Mayer Ebner and Loebl Taubes as vice presidents at the helm.
In addition to pure Zionist work, the new leadership was faced with important tasks in regional politics.
Prof. Dr. Kellner proclaimed the founding of the Jewish Peoples Council, patterned after the German Peoples Council in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesian which as a political party was to lead Jewish regional politics. In addition to the common concerns of the Bukovina Jews, the party was to represent the Jews in internal politics, external politics and especially in relations with the other regions and raise the cultural, political and commercial level.
The program of the People's Council which was to consist of 36 representatives was promotion of farming, trade, commerce, industry, discouraging vagabonds, founding of a commercial bank providing free working permits, starting industrial undertakings on a cooperative basis, establishing loan societies for business men. For cultural needs: founding of kindergartens and day care centers, apprentice homes, lecture halls, free libraries. Politically, the program was interested in assuring equal rights for Jews and assuring that Jews have a proportionate representation in the law making bodies.
In January, 1911 the first issue of the Council's newsletter appeared under the title, People's Council.
Above all, the People's Council differed with Dr. Benno Straucher because of his autocratic system in the Jewish community.
A direct cause for an open battle with Straucher was his disloyal behavior to his colleagues in the Jewish Parliament club, further, his cloudy position on the question of the recognition of the Jewish nationality at the universities after the census of 1910.
The gap widened and took every more extreme forms when the Zionistic student organization attacked him in the Jewish National House, which he had built (1908) and were beaten bloody by his followers.
He was accused above all of being a pseudo nationalist, wavering in his political views and being two faced in his Zionistic position, further, assigning people, who in the eyes of the leader of the national movement were not suitable, to various
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organizations as well as a poor choice of fellow workers and last but not least placing a bronze bust of himself in the vestibule of the National House.
Straucher reacted with the publication of his own weekly newspaper, the Peoples Defense.
The fight became personal and was waged by both sides in an ugly manner.
The boiling point in this internal Jewish political fight was reached in 1910, when the Zionists outside of Bukovina stepped in on Straucher's side.
The Zionist organization in Bukovina met the attack on Prof. Kellner with an article in the Vienna Jewish Newspaper, and declared itself for Dr. Kellner.
Meanwhile, the election for the Regional Parliament approached.
In 1909, the Regional
Parliament wrote a new set of laws regarding the election of members to the
body according to which the parliament would consist of 63 members as follows:
) The Greek Oriental Archbishop and the Metropolitan from ChernivtsiIn this plan which was approved unanimously, the Jews were recognized as a nation.
) The Rector of the University.
) 61 elected members( 13 representatives from the large estate owners
( 2 representatives from the Chamber of Trade and Commerce
( 28 representatives from the communities who would be elected in 5 national curiae (Romanian, Ruthenes, German, Polish and Jewish)
( 18 representatives of the general voting curiae, who would also be elected in 5 national curiae.
Because of the opposition and subversive activities of the assimilated Jews in the Vienna parliament, the Galician Poles and the Germans of the Monarchy who saw in the plan, a danger to their national political position in Galicia and Bohemia, the plan was subverted and the central government refused to recognize the Jews as a nationality and instead, lumped the Jewish population against their will together with the Germans. The Regional Parliament finally caved in and instead of 5 national voting bodies, designated 4.
But in order to prevent the non-Jewish Germans from becoming a majority, in these districts, restrictions were introduced74.
Of the 13 representatives allotted the large estate owners, 8 were awarded to the Jews (§ 3,I)75)
Both seats for the Chamber of Trade and Commerce (§3, II) were given to the Jews because of their leading position in business.
The 28 seats for the communities (§ 3, III)were divided as follows:
10 for the RomaniansThe 18 seats (§ 3, IV) for the general voter class were divided as follows:
10 for the Ruthenes
7 for the Germans (with Jews included)
1 for the Polish national curiae.
6 for the RomaniansAt the following Regional Parliament election, in 1911, the People's Council fought the Straucher party and ran Professor Dr. Leon Kellner and dr. Max Fokschaner.
6 for the Ruthenes
5 for the Germans (Jews included)
1 for the Poles
The Jews captured 10 seats (8 for Straucher and 2 for the Peoples Council). To be specific, 2 from the large estate owner, 2 from the Chamber of Trade and Commerce, and 6 in the general voting curiae (Straucher). In total, 8 from the list of the Jewish National party and 2 Peoples Council.
The elected legislators, Josef Blum, Jancu Fischer, Dr. Max Fokschaner, Jakob Hecht, Dr. Isidor Katz, Prof. Dr. Leon Kellner, Salomon Rudich, Dr. Benno Straucher, Dr. Salo Weisselberger and Dr. Neumann Wender comprised a Jewish parliamentary club, and got a representative in the Regional Committee in the person of Dr. Neumann Wender.
In its first session, the Regional Parliament decided to deal with the Jews as a nation.
In 1911, elections were held for the Reichsrat.
Of the 516 seats, Bukovina with 300,098 inhabitants was allocated 14 seats.
These 14 seats were distributed
on a population basis as follows:
No seats were assigned to the 36,102 Poles and the 16,391 Magyars.
305,110 Ruthenes 5 seats 273,254 Romanians 5 seats 102,900 Jews 2 seats 65,951 Germans 2 Seats
The People's Council didn't take part in these elections in order to avoid a fragmentation of the party.
In Chernivtsi, Dr. Straucher was elected, but in Siret and Suceava, two Jewish candidates ran (Docent Dr. Arthur Mahler and Luzian Brunner) ran causing a split of the Jewish vote and leading to the election of a Christian Socialist.
In the city council election in Chernivtsi in 1912, the People's Council ran Dr. Mayer Ebner and Adolf Wallstein who won against Straucher's candidates
In 1913, a Jewish mayor, Dr. Salo von Weisselberger was elected.
Even after the election, the internal fighting still raged between Dr. Straucher and the People's Council..
Only the shot fired in Sarajevo and the First World War interrupted this political fraternal fighting.
On the Jewish horizon appeared signs of the approaching world war.
Troubled times were approaching for the Jews of Bukovina.
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
the translation. The reader may wish to refer to the original material
for verification.
JewishGen is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and cannot rewrite or edit the text to correct inaccuracies and/or omissions.
Our mission is to produce a translation of the original work and we cannot verify the accuracy of statements or alter facts cited.
History of Jews in Bukowina Yizkor Book Project JewishGen Home Page
Copyright © 1999-2019 by JewishGen, Inc.
Updated 9 Apr 2005 by LA


text:
|1,321 free recipes at www.edenfoods.com
Serves 10 | Prep Time 5 minutes | Cook Time 0 minutes
1/4 cup Eden Extra Virgin Olive Oil
2 tsp Eden Ume Plum Vinegar, or to taste
1 Tbsp Eden Brown Rice Vinegar, or to taste
1/4 tsp Eden Sea Salt
1 Tbsp organic maple syrup
1/4 cup water
1 clove minced garlic
1/4 cup minced onion, or shallots
1/4 cup minced fresh parsley
Place all ingredients in a blender and pulse until creamy. Pour over fresh salad, bean and vegetable or pasta salad. To store refrigerate in a sealed glass jar.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
cleanup and links
[[Image:Bro Jose Munoz.jpg|right|thumb|Brother Jose Muñoz-Cortes, with the Montreal Iveron Icon of the Mother of God.]]
''Jose Muñoz-Cortes''' (1950, Chile - 1997, Greece) was a Chilean convert to Orthodox
Chrisitanity who became interested in monasticism, and became the guardian of the miracle-working myrrh-streaming Iveron Icon of the Mother of God (Montreal Icon). He was martyred on [[October 31]] st in his hotel room in Athens Greece.
Joseph was born in Chile into a pious [[Roman Catholic]] family of Spanish descent. He was a boy of twelve when became acquainted with Archbishop Leonty of Chile and under his influence José was baptized into the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]] two years later, with his mother's consent. He began to lead a monastic life as best he could within the confines of the world, although he did not enter a monastery. Later he moved to Canada and continued to observe this way of life.
A talented artist, he secured a job teaching art at the University of Montreal, and began studying [[iconography]].
In the summer of 1982, Brother Joseph went to [[Mount Athos]] with a particular interest in visiting some [[skete]]s and monasteries specializing in icon painting. At the small skete of the Nativity of Christ, the abbot, Fr. Klimentos, greeted Brother Joseph's group warmly and offered traditional Athonite hospitality. Then he took them to see the skete's icon-painting studio.
Brother Joseph felt an immediate and strong attraction for an icon of the [[Mother of God]], a contemporary (1981) copy of the ancient and revered [[Panagia Portaitissa|Iveron Icon]]. It was one of the first icons which had been painted at this skete, by one Fr. Chrysostomos in 1981. He was disappointed to learn that it was not for sale, but to his great joy, as he was leaving the skete, Abbot Clement, unexpectedly handed the icon to him, saying that it pleased the [[Mother of God]] to go with him to America.
[[Image:Brother Jose - Monument.JPG|rught|thumb|Brother Jose's gravesite and monument.]]
Back in Montreal, Brother Joseph began reading an [[akathist]] daily before the icon. A few weeks later, on [[November 25]], he awoke and smelled a strong fragrance. The new icon was streaked with myrrh, miraculously emanating from the hands of the Mother of God.
For the next fifteen years, as myrrh continued to flow from the Icon, Brother Joseph devoted himself to its care, accompanying it on numerous trips to
parishes all over the United States and Canada, to South America, Australia, and Europe. Brother Joseph was also faithful in fulfilling the countless requests for [[prayer]]s that he received, daily commemorating scores of people, among whom were several dozen godchildren.
Jose was tortured and murdered in a hotel room in Athens, Greece on the night of [[October 31]]
st, 1997, possibly by a group of Satanists. He had planned to return to Canada the following day to celebrate the fifteenth anniversary of the appearance of the miraculous myrrh on the icon.
==See also==


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Trailer FrenzyA special place to find the newest trailers for movies and TV shows you're craving.
We're suffering from a serious shortage of movies featuring spaceships, massive spooky planets, and cosmic phenomena. Luckily, Ridley Scott's Prometheus is packed with enough of that stuff for ten movies, judging from the trailers. This latest international trailer includes more of those Desktop wallpaper-worthy vistas, plus a couple more glimpses of people with their faces melting inside space helmets. And someone wearing a few strategically placed bandages having a crazy panic. Could Sir Ridley bring the wonder and horror back to movies? Let's hope.
Update: Apparently it's basically the same as last month's trailer, just with no titles. Sorry about that. [IFC]


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How did we miss this? New York Sen. Ruben Diaz Sr.—the arch-conservative anti-gay Pentecostal minister from the Bronx who is the leading opponent of marriage equality in the state—has not one but two gay brothers. Oh and Liza Minelli's voice can bring him to tears, reports New York.
"Over the Christmas holiday, Christopher Lynn, a former top Giuliani aide and founding member of the gay and lesbian Stonewall Democratic Club in New York City, took one of his closest friends, a Democratic state senator, to a performance of Liza Minnelli's Broadway show, Liza's at the Palace ... ! During the poignant rendition of Charles Aznavour's drag-queen ballad, "What Makes a Man a Man?", Lynn turned to his friend and saw that he was choked up. 'Diaz was in tears,' says Lynn. Yes, that Diaz—Bronx senator Ruben Diaz Sr., the Pentecostal Puerto Rican minister and scourge of gay marriage. ... Diaz, who has not one but two gay brothers, says, 'I'm not homophobic. I have a problem with gay marriage. I have no problem with gays.' "
Perhaps that last statement explains why Diaz Sr. once claimed the Gay Games would lead to "an increase in AIDS and homosexuality in young people."
A marriage bill will reportedly be "very first bill" to be considered in today's special Senate session called by Gov. David Paterson. Diaz Sr. promises to do something "big" to prevent the vote from happening.


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(NC)- Having lost his wife six months ago, Martin Pickford had to learn quickly to adapt to independent living in a wheelchair. Since Martha, Martin's late wife, performed almost every task for him, Martin was confronted by many challenges that he didn't know how to deal with such as cooking dinner, taking baths and going to the grocery store. The 61 year old and his wife of 20 years once considered renovating their two-storey home to accommodate his physical condition, but couldn't come up with the thousands of dollars required for such an overhaul.
On the suggestion of a close friend, Martin consulted a financial advisor who advised him about CHIP Home Income Plan as a sound way to finance renovations for barrier-free home living. Through a CHIP Home Income Plan, Martin learned that he could convert up to 40 per cent of his home's equity into tax-free cash and not have to worry about regular monthly payments until he decided to sell.
"With this new found financial freedom, I was able to fully equip my home and my car with assistive devices, which has provided me with complete independence and given me a sense of autonomy," said Pickford.
CHIP Home Income Plan is a simple and sensible financial solution that allows Canadian seniors over the age of 60 the ability to enjoy life on their own terms. Taking out a CHIP Home Income Plan can make a world of difference for seniors with physical disabilities. "My life has become my own thanks to the CHIP Home Income Plan," added Pickford. "Having completed the renovation, I can now invest some of the extra income into a new home business that will provide financial growth and even more self-sufficiency."
More information on this topic is available at online at www.chip.ca or by calling 1-866-522-2447.
- News Canada


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I'm just starting out biology and chemistry at A level and I still feel overwhelming panic when confronted by these things: < and >.
I have to explain that something or other is less than Y, but I just can't remember which sign I would need to demonstrate this, and every time I try to work it out, I just fall into this overwhelming sense of confusion.
I'm fairly sure that getting confused over which way around to put letters and symbols is a dyspraxic quirk, does anyone else have this problem? Better yet, does anyone have any strategies to help me remember which one to use?


text:
He woke suddenly from a deep, maybe unnatural slumber. He knew this place, it was the portal room in Dalaran.
A quick two fingered gesture and his mind was refreshed, his mental powers enhanced. Another simple gesture and his renewed Molten Armour flared, roasting the spiders and shriveling the cobwebs that had gathered on his body.
The last thing he remembered was porting to Dalaran as he had done hundreds of times before.
He remembered running in place for a while as others thoughts drowned out his own.
Price check isle 4, how much for wool cloth.
Entering Dalaran now, updating positions.
FredNoob has earned the achievement [Meaningless Memory]
Too many thoughts crowding his expansive mind, then…
Until now.
How long had it been? Minutes, hours, days or years?
Other thoughts flash through his mind.
The roar of a mighty dragon… Onyxia?
No it couldn't be, he and his loyal friends defeated her not long ago. But, the roar is there, stronger than ever.
The weight of dreams of an impending cataclysm wore heavily on his small shoulders.
Was Onxyia connected? Dragons had barely been sighted before the forays into Northrend. Maybe Onxyia's roar was a warning if events to come.
The Barrens featured prominently in those dreams of Onyxia and her lair is close by on the Duskwallow Marsh.
He conjures some nourishment and, strength now returning, opens a portal to the Duskwallow Marsh.
Theramore, but that is not his destination. He vaguely remembers Druids in the Barrens from his younger years. One of them was going to save the Barrens.
Through villages of Razormane…
Once this journey is over he will return to deal with those forces that encourage the swine that cover these lands. Walking pigs, walking cows, half human horses. These lands were as deformed as the creatures inhabiting it.
The wailing of the caverns drew him. It's mutated denizens ignored him, but he acknowledged their presence with a swift death. They had already suffered enough.
The Druid waiting for him at the entrance informed him that foul Druids were at work in the Barrens. His master captured and left on an alter to some pathetic Murloc god.
He quickly found the enthralled Druid but there was no hope for him before the Leaders of the Fang were dealt with.
He wasted no time dispatching the Leaders. One carefully aimed Pyroblast was more than enough to leave their smoking corpses littering the ground. So swift was the judgment that their loyal guards didn't notice.
The only time lost was wandering through the twisted tunnels in search of these leaders. That and following the lesser Druid back to his master. Cows take all day to cross a paddock. Cow Druids take a lifetime to cross a cavern.
The Murloc god was but a gnat to this irritated Mage. Which was good as it ensured a fast release for the Druid that quickly took wing with promises to return the barrens to it's former fertile state.
If these Druids were going to do their bit for the Barrens, then he would help by removing the source of those Razormanes. Maybe if taught the appropriate lesson they would migrate and live with the deformed cows.
Razorfen Downs, an appropriate name, down at the bottom of the barrens, down amongst the thorns, down under the earth. They have built their grave, now to leave them at rest.
He discovered there was more in the filthy swine pit than pigs. Death walking, skeletons, patch horrors. A swift death, even for these deformed swine, was a better end than subjugation by these Forsaken.
Forsaken, their leader is a Lich. Forsaken are a scourge upon the earth, brought to us by Naxxramas assisted by Arthas in his insanity.
He knew what he had to do, but this filth had to be cleaned from his soul first if he was to stand any hope in the Plaguelands.
Darnassus brings no relief. These city Elves are preoccupied with the war to the north. A big city it may be, but the elves are few and far between.
Ashenvale calls. Elves, woods, peace.
His heart soars while riding the gryphon. It reminds him of his own, still stabled in Dalaran. So many ride their drakes these days, but nothing will match the strength and noble beauty of a Cenarion War Hippogrpyh for him.
Depths, why is it always the depths. Far from finding peace he finds tidings of trouble in Black Fathom Depths.
He has a choice he knows. Relax at the inn for a few days, or swim and trudge through the murk of the ruins.
Driven, that's his problem. He is always driven to cleanse the world of the seemingly ever present evil. It wouldn't be so bad if the ruins were close.
Ahh he came to relax and enjoy the woodlands. Time to enjoy the journey as he knows the destination has nothing to offer.
Demons everywhere. Perverted Elves tainting the world. This one isn't about relieving misery, this time it's about forcing the demons back, at least as far as Outland.
Well it may not be Onyxia, but the Hydra shares enough to give the Gnome pleasure as he slices it with frost tinged fireballs.
Hydras. There is more than one in the world. Maybe the time has come to reduce that number again.
There are Trolls that worship them and they too need to be sent back. They have no home, the Gnomes have no home, but the Gnomes are more deserving.
How he dreams of a world at peace, a world that only Gnomes could create, a world that it seems this Gnome must make.
He stumbles across a ragtag bunch of adventurers being held captive by the Trolls. Why are there so many fools in this world? Why do they let themselves be taken alive? Where is the fight in them?
Freed, but not without attracting attention. An army of trolls form to stop their escape.
Fools they are dealing with a hero of Gnomeregan. Stand aside adventurers, let me take care of this.
Let the Trolls feel the full weight of the wrath of Gnomeregan!
So alive! This is why he spent so many years studying the arcane ways. Wave after wave of reinforcements find their lives frozen in time, not to be lived again unless at the behest of the Lich King.
Traitorous dogs, you think I can deal with an army of troll yet tremble at the thought of a bunch of inept adventurers making idle threats? Die!
Why Ghaz answered the summoning gong is beyond me. It would still be alive today if it had ignored my challenge.
Now he his nothing but a year of toasted sandwiches for the trolls, well beyond loin clothes for their new army.
Done, I can rest.
Thoughts of the Lich King, of Naxxaramas, intrude while the Gnome enjoys a leisurely dip in Ghaz's wading pool.
No, his work is not yet complete. The Plaguelands taunt him. Lights Hope Chapel must be his next destination. At least the feel of the wind in his beard will settle the remaining dark nightmare echos. Bring on the Gryphon!
The Argent Dawn troops are listless. Well they have always been seemingly without purpose. Ohh they have a purpose, but rarely the desire to actively pursue it, they would rather send hapless adventurers to their doom for worthless rewards in ther honor.
But now they truly seem without purpose. I feel a new threat in the area, but I can't put my finger on it, and they don't speak of it. Still they speak of Naxxaramas and the threat of the plagued ones.
I head to Naxx. I search for a long time around the plagued village, but it has gone, as if it were never here. The only link to it's existence the number of plagued ones, scourge, waiting to be released.
No wonder the Dawn engage in pointless chatter. No wonder I stood alone at Light Hope Chapel. There is more to this and I won't rest until I know the whole story. Where could Naxx have gone?
Strange, but while I am here, I may as well cleanse Arthas' shame. I will venture into Stratholme and cleanse the taint that Arthas permitted, no encouraged to spread. Witless fool he was… is… His doom fast approaches.
Stratholme is a maze. Not sickly caverns, but plagued streets. Still they are no match for a Mage, not even a fragile Fire Mage, nor for prancing minstrels..
The Scourge are scourged for the streets of Stratholme. He walks streets he doesn't remember walking before.
Balnazzar, another pointless subterfuge. Oh it served it's purpose well, but none can stand before the might of this Gnome.
Still there is more to do. While no skeletons, no bugs, no wraiths walk this side of Stratholme, there is more to cleanse.
Another lost soul saved for the Argent Dawn. Surely they have more proficient agents than these? He promises to come to my aid in the end. Typical, arrive at the last moment in a feeble attempt to take credit for the Dawn.
There are more distractions along the way. Pyramids, the memories of the ecstacy of power experienced in Zul'Farrak flood back as he quickly dispatches the trivial leaders. He taunts their supporters to come to their aid and die with them.
How they must crave the release from the Lich Kings grasp because the flock to their permanent death. Undeath no more, they are now at peace.
Abominations, why won't they come at me? I pile the bodies so high that I can't see my next target, yet they still ignore my presence. It must be difficult to try and remain neutral only to discover fiery death closing in on you… Of course these poor "creatures" are long past such rational thoughts.
The Baron. He has many memories of defeating the Baron, but they seem misplaced here. Where are his 3 apocalypse riding companions? Ha! Maybe he will claim the Baron's mount. Surely he is bringing the Apocalypse to Azeroth, the Armaggedon is coming in the for of his great balls of fire, it would only be appropriate for the Gnome to leave this forsaken city on the back of the Baron's mount.
So many illusions and delusions this day. He draws forth his own illusion. An army of frostbolt firing Gnomes will make short work of the Baron.
The Dawn arrives, too late to be trouble for the Baron. He offers me words of support and thanks, but the Gnome goes his work is not yet done.
The Argent Dawn maybe here as the new day dawns, but it is the Gnome that must carry the flaming torch to light the darkness. The flaming torch will be his fingertips and the darkness will fall back before his fury.
A long day for the Gnome. A day that started with saving the Barrens and ended with destroying the Baron.
A most unusual day… but them every day is an unusual day for this Gnome.
Gnomer and Out!
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.


text:
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114º is for Hard, Stained or Cathedral Glass120º is for General Purpose Cutting124º is for General Purpose and Pattern Cutting134º is for Production Cutting of Soft and Thicker Float GlassEach wheel is sold individually.


text:
Lately, the undead have enjoyed new life in literature and films. From the tween-focused "Twilight" saga to television's "True Blood," vampires are winning over new legions of fans. This fall, University of Houston students are learning about some of the earliest fictional bloodsuckers in the class Vampires in Film and Literature.
Taught by teaching fellow Eva Foster, the English course traces vampire literature back to the Victorian age and explores how the cultural influences of that period helped popularize vampire tales such as Bram Stoker's "Dracula." It also explores the vampire genre as it evolved in the 20th century and continues to grow today.
In addition to "Dracula," students will read Stephen King's "Salem's Lot" (1975), Charlaine Harris' "Dead Until Dark" (2001) and John Ajvide Lindqvist's "Let the Right One In" (2004).
Students also will view films such as the silent classic "Nosferatu" (1922), "Dracula" (1931), "Horror of Dracula" (1958) and "Twilight" (2008).
"Society tends to create literary monsters that reflect its anxieties," Foster said. "One way to offload our concerns is to place them in the context of the supernatural. One of our oldest anxieties is death and what happens after we die. It creates much unease for people but helps fuel many of the stories focused on vampires.
Among the characters students will learn about is the forerunner to Dracula, Varney the Vampire. Varney appeared in Victorian-era short story pamphlets called penny dreadfuls - the equivalent to 1930s' pulp magazines or comic books.
That particular character, she said, was initially described as having a ghastly appearance. Likewise, Stoker's depiction of Count Dracula was less than flattering (pointed ears, bad breath). Foster noted that such characterizations are in stark contrast to those of modern day vampires, who often are portrayed as attractive men and women.
"As a researcher, this class will help me discover answers to why these literary creatures have undergone such a transformation," Foster said. "Dracula was a monster. He's often seen as a reflection of the Victorian society's unease regarding imperialism and to a lesser extent, disease. Now, vampires are pitiable or sexy. Modern vampires aren't so much a reflection of unease in society as much as they're a symbol of our cultural desires."
Through this class, students not only will read bone-chilling tales about the undead. They also will learn how cultural experiences have shaped different literary movements.
"I want students to really see the evolution of literature and style through time," Foster said. "I believe that one needs to understand the historical context of a literary work to fully grasp it. Also, there's something useful about understanding the 'monsters' during specific eras. It tells us much about cultural values and fears."


text:
WASHINGTON (AP) — A federal investigative agency is looking into claims that Veterans Affairs supervisors retaliated against 37 employees who filed whistleblower complaints, including some who complained about improper scheduling practices at the heart of a growing health care scandal.
The independent Office of Special Counsel says it has blocked disciplinary actions against three VA employees who reported wrongdoing, including one who was suspended for seven days after complaining to the VA's inspector general about improper scheduling.
The agency also blocked a 30-day suspension without pay for another VA employee who reported inappropriate use of patient restraints and blocked demotion of a third employee who reported mishandling of patient care funds, a spokesman said Friday.
The report by the special counsel's office comes amid a furor over allegations that patients have waited three months or more for appointments as VA officials falsified records to cover up delays at VA hospitals and clinics nationwide.
Special Counsel Carolyn Lerner said her office appreciates the VA's cooperation in agreeing to postpone disciplinary actions against the three employees who filed complains but said the VA should not retaliate against workers who are trying to disclose and prevent wrongdoing.
"Receiving candid information about harmful practices from employees will be critical to the VA's efforts to identify problems and find solutions. However, employees will not come forward if they fear retaliation," Lerner said in a statement.
The special counsel's office is investigating complaints of retaliation from employees at 28 VA facilities in 18 states and Puerto Rico, spokesman Nick Schwellenbach said. The agency also is reviewing 49 additional whistleblower complaints related to scheduling improprieties and other potential threats to patient safety at VA facilities, he said.
About half the 49 complaints have been reported in the past two months, after allegations about treatment delays and secret waiting lists at the VA hospital in Phoenix became public in April.
The agency's investigation is ongoing, Lerner said.
The VA's acting chief, Sloan Gibson, said Thursday that 18 Phoenix-area veterans whose names were kept off an official VA appointment list have died. The 18 who died were among 1,700 veterans identified in a report last week by the VA's inspector general as being "at risk of being lost or forgotten."


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Pearlie Golden, a 93-year old from Hearne, Texas, failed her driving test this week. When her nephew tried to take her keys away, she pulled out a revolver, waving it in the air. The police were called, and in the end, five shots were fired, at least two hitting Golden, killing her.
Golden went to renew her driver's license earlier this week, but the state of Texas denied her. She was obviously upset about it, and having her nephew try to take away her keys made her even angrier.
So angry that she took out a revolver.
Her nephew called the police, who responded to the scene. After asking her to drop the weapon and Golden refusing, an officer discharged his weapon. Witnesses say they heard at least five shots, and CNN says at least two of them hit Golden. She was taken to the hospital and pronounced dead at 10 PM Tuesday evening.
Locals are stunned. Golden was known as a "sweet, sweet, woman" A neighbor said she "didn't see Pearlie shooting anyone."
The officer involved, Stephen Stem, was involved in another fatal shooting in early 2013. He was cleared of any wrongdoing in that incident and has been placed on paid administrative leave. The Hearne City Council will have a special meeting on Saturday to determine what, if any, disciplinary measures will happen to Stem. This could include termination.
Hat Tip to Ersin


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Truly audiophiling an iPod touch is no mean feat. It takes no less than a Cypher Labs AlgoRhthym Solo DAC, and a Vorzüge or ALO Rx class headphone amp. Throw in some shielded interconnects and your're done. But at what cost? The once slim touch is now a knobby and unholy hamburger of aluminium and winking LEDs. Personally, I'm tired of ordering sides with the main meal. The iBasso DX100 is a single-box solution that will outperform most if not all audio stacks without sacrificing much of what makes the iPod touch worthwhile.
And how pray tell were iBasso, an amplifier maker, able to retain most of what makes the iPod touch worthwhile? Android.


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Charismatic style and rare craftsmanship meet in this made in Italy limited edition driving gloves which combine nappa lambskin and precious peccary leather, renowned for its unique strength and softness to the touch. The distinctive woven design derives from a long and careful work entirely realized by hand according to a traditional technique, nowadays known only by a few skilled craftsmen. The result are gloves of exclusive quality and versatile charm: ideal for enhancing a distinctive outfit in all everyday occasions and for turning the perfect grip into authentic class.
A handmade leather case allows you to protect the driving gloves and take them always with you.
Color: black/crimsonLeather: hand-woven peccary and nappa lambskin


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A Pendant Lamp With Hanging Capsules by Lam Wai Ming
Lam Wai Ming Exhibits The Capsule Lamp a Pendant Lamp With Hanging Capsules
Lam Wai Ming, the thinktank behind the award winning work Capsule Lamp by Lam Wai Ming points out, The lamp was initially designed for a kidswear brand. The inspiration comes from capsule toys which children get from vending machines usually located at shopfronts. Looking up at the lamp, one can see a bunch of colourful capsule toys, each carrying wish and delight that awaken one's youthful soul. The content of the capsules can be replaced from time to time according to your personal preference. From everyday trivia to special decorations, each object you put into the capsules becomes a unique narrative of your own, thus crystallizing your life and state of mind at a particular time..
A Pendant Lamp With Hanging Capsules by Lam Wai Ming Images:
End of the article, click here to go back to previous page, or alternatively go back to Amazing Designs Magazine homepage.


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The American Red Cross is hosting a Virtual Hiring Event on February 13th to join our Collections team as a Phlebotomist in St. Cloud. Please note, this is not a remote work position, yet is a permanent full or part time position to assist with the life-saving mission of the Red Cross. Interested candidates should register in advance for an opportunity to connect with members of our team.
We'd love to hear more about your background and how the American Red Cross could be a great fit for you!
Do you have a computer, smartphone or tablet? If so, don't delay….sign up today!
P.S. If you have recently applied online, you will only need to submit your event registration.
For new applicants who have not yet applied, we ask that you submit only one Part-Time or Full-Time application and ensure you also complete your registration prior to the start of the online event.
Event Registration Link: https://app.brazenconnect.com/events/XdEQp


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I would like to know of your experience lexing and parsing using eC:
What kind of project have you used lexing/parsing for (creating your own language? Creating a DSL? A markup?
-What is your favorite resource on the topic?
-What is your preferred method of doing it?
-Are there features (or libraries) inf eC that simplify the process?
-Do you have non-conventional ideas on how it could be done more easily?
Just throwing some stuff out there, feel free to share your experience!


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Alprazolam is a high-potency
benzodiazepine that depresses the
central nervous system, causing a mood-elevating and
sedative effect and relieving feelings of anxiety. This medicine can be
Alprazolam is sometimes
prescribed for women who have
premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or
premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) when anxiety is
the main symptom and other treatments have not worked. It is only
recommended for a few days' use (no longer than the premenstrual part of the
cycle), because it loses effectiveness over time and may become addictive if
used continuously.
Alprazolam is considered to be
somewhat effective for PMS-related anxiety and irritability.1 But it can dull the mind and become addictive.
All medicines have side effects. But many people don't feel the side effects, or they are able to deal with them. Ask your pharmacist about the side effects of each medicine you take. Side effects are also listed in the information that comes with your medicine.
Here are some important things to think about:
Call 911 or other emergency services right away if you have:
Call your doctor right away if you have:
Common side effects of this medicine include:
See Drug Reference for a full list of side
effects. (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.)
If you are taking alprazolam, use caution if you drive or
operate machinery. This medicine may cause drowsiness, which makes it
harder for you to concentrate.
For some women, anxiety is linked
to other PMS symptoms. Physical symptoms like weight gain or emotional symptoms
like feeling out of control may cause anxiety. Reducing these symptoms often
relieves anxiety without the need for antianxiety medicines.
used continuously, alprazolam can become addictive after a few weeks and often
must be tapered gradually to avoid symptoms of withdrawal, which can be
Medicine is one of the many tools your doctor has to treat a health problem. Taking medicine as your doctor suggests will improve your health and may prevent future problems. If you don't take your medicines properly, you may be putting your health (and perhaps your life) at risk.
There are many reasons why people have trouble taking their medicine. But in most cases, there is something you can do. For suggestions on how to work around common problems, see the topic Taking Medicines as Prescribed.
Women who use this medicine during pregnancy may have a slightly higher chance of having a baby with birth defects. If you are planning to get pregnant, you and your doctor must weigh the risks of using this medicine against the risks of not treating your condition.
Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It's also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.
Complete the new medication information form (PDF)(What is a PDF document?) to help you understand this medication.
CitationsKwan I, Onwude JL (2009). Premenstrual syndrome, search date July 2009. Online version of BMJ Clinical Evidence:
Last Revised:
June 8, 2012
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine & Kirtly Jones, MD - Obstetrics and Gynecology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


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The Case for Single Origin Shots
Traditionally, espresso has been made from a blend of different coffees. To many, this is simply the way espresso is. Recently, we have seen the beginning of a sort of "sea change" in the coffee world. For various possible reasons, a small, but growing, segment of coffee professionals and aficionados have begun to experiment with espresso made from single origin beans. These experiments have been so successful that, in some cases, they have resulted in a re-evaluation of the assumed importance of blending for espresso.
Traditionally, espresso has been made from a blend of different coffees. To many, this is simply the way espresso is. Recently, we have seen the beginning of a sort of "sea change" in the coffee world. For various possible reasons, a small, but growing, segment of coffee professionals and aficionados have begun to experiment with espresso made from single origin beans. These experiments have been so successful that, in some cases, they have resulted in a re-evaluation of the assumed importance of blending for espresso.
The arguments for the value of blends for espresso have ranged from commercial in nature, to aesthetic to cultural.
There are a lot of roasters who feel that a consistent flavour profile, year in and year out, is critical not only for their sales, but for consumer acceptance of espresso. For them to achieve this consistent flavour profile, a blend is obviously the best option. In fact, in most cases they'll need to specifically blend in a manner that minimizes the flavour contributions of any one bean in order to reduce the risk of either a change in that bean in a subsequent harvest or a supply problem with that bean. In many cases, this results in blends that have what could be described as a "generic" espresso flavour with, at best, a single accent note that is simple and can be achieved through the use of a wide range of beans from various sources.
There are also a lot of roasters who prefer the more round and polished flavour profile of a blended espresso. A blended espresso can be "tuned" for a very balanced flavour profile by counter-balancing the unique contributions of each bean. Blending in the manner can produce the above described "generic" espresso profile in many cases, though it can also produce unique and interesting espresso flavours in the hands of a great blender. Single origin espresso will almost always have a less "complete" profile than a blend, and will be more likely to have individual flavour notes that are either dominant or could be seen as objectionable to some palates.
Finally, there is a significant cultural tradition of espresso blending that cannot be discounted. For roasters who are committed to the tradition of Italian espresso, a non-blended espresso is as heretical as drinking a cappuccino after noon. This cultural resistance to change has been seen in other areas of the espresso industry in the past. You still hear many coffee "experts" claim that tamping is stupid and un-needed. The argument always goes "the Italians never tamp – they invented espresso – espresso in Italy is amazing;" end of story. This same argument is used to support not cleaning the espresso machine and the use of Robusta in espresso blends, among other controversial decisions. For many, drinking espresso is a statement of cultural and lifestyle identity, and change is thus undesirable.
There is no denying that all of the above arguments for blended espresso have merit. At the same time, they are all based upon subjective and often purely aesthetic and personal decisions and goals. None alone, and in fact not even all taken as a whole are a compelling argument against the use of single origin coffees as espresso.
Selling single origin espresso requires education – but this is true with any higher end culinary experience. Obviously, it's easier to sell espresso that tastes like all other espresso, and which tastes exactly the same as the espresso that was sold to you the previous day. In this case, you're actually not selling – you're merely meeting the lowest common denominator of demand. In any higher-end coffee bar, the staff is more than capable of discussing, at length, the flavours and merits of any of the origin coffees being sold. Hand-selling bulk coffee in this manner is an accepted requirement of the job, in fact. There is little to no difference between this process and selling a single origin espresso.
Changing flavour profiles for an espresso blend is, in fact, a risky decision. People have expectations and become accustomed to a specific experience associated with a specific item. This, however, is not the case with single origin espresso. With proper hand selling, no customer is going to expect that a Guatemala Antigua Latte is going to taste like a Uganda Bugisu Latte. In fact, if handled correctly, an ever-changing "blackboard" style of espresso menu can be a differentiator rather than a risk – where customers look forward to the 2004 Uganda Bugisu, hoping to compare it to their memories of the previous harvest.
While it is true that there will single-origin espressos that are not palatable for each individual, this too can be managed. In a "blackboard" style espresso menu as mentioned above, one would always have a selection of espresso options. With proper management, this would allow a customer to choose from a comprehensive, but always new and fresh, selection of espressos. With proper hand selling, this would result in customers always being steered towards an espresso that met their tastes. By carrying no more than three different beans at any one time, one could argue that a more complete coverage of the espresso palate could be achieved that we see with current, "one espresso blend for all drinks," model.
As part of a migration strategy, it may well be desirable to start by offering an espresso blend in addition to the changing single-origin menu. This does, however, present some risks. Staff may be unwilling to put the time and energy into selling the single-origin shots. This would also require either decreasing the number of single origin options on the menu, resulting in artificially lowering the odds of satisfying an individual customer, or would require purchasing even more grinders. Finally, this decreases the marketing and competitive differentiation opportunities of a move to single origin espresso.
Finally, there is no doubt that this move flies in the face of tradition. On the other hand, so did tamping. So did Latte Art and pure Arabica espresso. Life changes, practices change. Obviously, for lovers of all things traditional and/or Italian – single origin espresso is never going to be a big seller. But we are talking about a minority of the marketplace in this case.
So why should we experiment with single origin espresso? Why should we consider offering single origin espressos to customers? And why would we ever think of moving away from blended espresso to single origin espressos only?
When it comes right down to it, there are three good arguments for origin espresso. First – it refocuses attention on the bean. Second – it allows for a more complex and interesting espresso experience. Third – it can be a competitive differentiator.
The range of unique flavour profiles represented by coffee is astonishing. Many people have made the argument that the differences in flavour from coffee bean to coffee bean are more significant than we see in grapes/wine. By blending coffee, we blunt those differences and create a truncated flavour spectrum. This results in attention shifting from the bean and its unique flavour characteristics to the blend and in the end to the drink. The effects of this are profound and the resulting mis-education can be significant. The meaningless phrase "espresso roast" is an example of what can occur. Enthusiastic amateur coffee drinkers can talk at length about the differences between Indonesian and African coffees – but know next to nothing about the beans or their origins when it comes to espresso. By returning attention to the bean, we allow for a more complete and aesthetic appreciation of the coffee.
A single origin espresso is rarely, if ever, as "complete" as a blended espresso. But a blended espresso is rarely, if ever, as interesting as a single origin shot. In addition, by offering a range of different single origin espressos, and by accepting that variance in flavour over time is not only guaranteed by desirable, we create a long-term experience of espresso that is far more complex and engaging and vital. Consumers enjoy going to high-end restaurants and experiencing new and different presentations of a dish. Gourmets love discussing the relative merits of various preparations of a type of ingredient. Each experience presents a different "face" of the dish or ingredient, and ends up deepening the experience and appreciation of that dish or ingredient. The same can be true for espresso.
In the current espresso market, competing for the lowest common denominator is difficult if not impossible. The very large chains have a degree of leverage when it comes to branding and taste/experience identification which any independent business is going to find difficult to overcome (to say the least). At the same time, the market is getting ever more saturated and the niche available to the independent shop is getting ever more fragmented. In this scenario, any competitive differentiator – especially one that allows you to clearly identify yourself as doing something other than what the large brands are doing – is key. Offering single origin espresso has the benefits of creating a signature taste experience that is entirely different than what is available from the large brands. It clearly identifies a business as a gourmet coffee experience. It is difficult to pull off without skill and is thus defensible. Finally, it allows for freedom from price competition, allowing for acceptable higher prices and better margins.
The case for experimentation is even easier to make. Experimentation with single origin shots educates staff (roast staff as well as barista staff). It creates a culture of culinary experience and knowledge. It allows for more skilled and predictable blending.
Many older and more traditional coffee roasting professionals are depressed and/or angry about the rise of espresso. In some cases, they have a good case for their concerns. Too many baristi know little to nothing about the realities, flavours, market, experiences, history or processes behind the espresso blend that they stick in the hopper of their grinder. And far too many of those baristi are uninterested in learning about coffee. Experimentation with single origin espresso has the potential to change this.
In the current environment, a lot of people working in coffee businesses are doing so for lifestyle reasons. They like being able to play music they enjoy. They like not wearing a suit or pantyhose. They like having a flexible, bohemian life. They feel cool. This culture of dilettantes and lifestylists does not lend itself to the creation of great espresso. The creation of a culture of culinary espresso would address this. By educating employees in the flavours of coffee and by attracting employees who are interested in such a culture, we could see a dramatically increased commitment to the quality of taste.
Finally, even if a business sticks with blended espresso, by tasting the component beans as single origin shots – staff (baristi as well as roasters) would have an increased appreciation for the flavours of the blend and would be able to sell it better to customers and tune it better when blending and extracting.
When it comes right down to it – there are no good rational arguments for not at least playing around with single origin espresso. The benefits are real – and could be significant. Of course, this is a subversive statement – because the truth is that I'm convinced that any committed, professional gourmet coffee business that begins to experiment with single origin shots will discover the value of the experience and will discover a love for the resulting espresso. And thus… you too will join the revolution.


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Wednesday, September 07, 2005
1/4 career flashback - Humberto!
Welcome to my ongoing Quarter of a Career retrospective.
Today I would like to introduce to you an old and dear friend from 1990-1991, Humberto Maturana. All my work was potatoes until one day I happened upon a blackboard in a hallway, full of mysterious diagrams and the name "Humberto Maturana". I dragged the blackboard back to my studio and it became my inspiration. I had no idea the potatoes were people until I saw the name "Humberto Maturana" - the most wonderful name ever.
This is maybe the first Humberto painting; note his brain - it's a potato! Humberto is a hater. Humberto has delusions of grandeur. Humberto can't take it anymore and commits suicide by eating a poison potato. Here's a detail of his potato soul leaving his body. Humberto achieves a higher state of awareness. Humberto's autopsy. Humberto comes back with super-powers and armor.
I eventually discovered that Humberto Maturana was a REAL PERSON, a scientist, and a noted doctor in the Chilean School of Biology of Cognition. An expert on the nature of time, metadesign, and the ontology of observing. Here is his personal website; I swear to god that if you watch the opening graphics at one point a potato flies across the screen.*
My plan was for Humberto to become a *star* and to make character goods, keychains, endorsement deals, maybe even a cartoon! Unfortunately, the five Humberto paintings I debuted at the Philadelphia Art Alliance in 1991 were unfavorably reviewed by Ed Sozanski in the 10/24/91 issue of the Philadelphia Inquirer - "Martin Bromirski's large cartoonish drawings are the least compatible with the show's overall tone and tenuous concept". Alas - the artworld was not ready.
All of my Humberto paintings continued with the black/white/yellow pallette I had started with the potatoes and are all works-on-paper. EVERYTHING I made from late 1989 until 1999 was on paper. Paper only. I almost always began with a layer of yellow legal pad paper as a ground. I was so pissed when Ellen Gallagher came on the scene gluing notepad-paper grounds too, although I understand now that she wasn't copying me. But still!!
*I had no internet in 1991. I learned he had written a book and ordered it not having any idea what to expect. My how times change! Things are so much easier now. That book was COMPLICATED. Now that we have e-mail and internet I think I will forward this post to the real Humberto!!!!!!
RELATED: my resume, Quarter-Career, 1990-2005, 1/4 career flashback - the potato years.
4 comments:
- Anonymous said...
Love the Humberto stuff... The pick w/him Batman & Indiana Jones. Hilarious.
- Anonymous said...
Didn't you forget to put "Private Collection" after Humberto Has Delusions of Grandeur? I feel so dissed.
Love, Maryann
- Michael McDevitt said...
Wait! Shortly after the 'potato' flies across the screen, there's a woman suckling an infant AND a dog! Seriously...
- Anonymous said...
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Lighthouse - Symbol
April 20, 2015
Lighthouses lift up our spirits and inspire us. Just as the bright beacon of light guides ships along their route, directing them away from danger, the lighthouse symbolizes guidance through life. The lighthouse also serves as a symbol of Christ, the light of the world. "Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light for my path." Psalm 119:105


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Pronounced: Hip Lay-bral Tears
by Patricia Griffin Kellicker, BSN
A hip labral tear is an injury to the soft elastic tissue around the hip joint called the labrum. The hip joint is made of a ball and socket. The ball is the end of the thigh bone, also called the femur. This ball fits into the bowl-shaped socket in the pelvic bone, also called the acetabulum. Cartilage lines the socket to keep movement smooth and the joint cushioned. The labrum helps to hold the ball of your femur in place. When this tears, it is called a hip labral tear.
Hip Joint and Cartilage
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Hip labral tears can result from wear and tear or from an injury.
Factors that can increase your chances of getting a hip labral tear include:
Symptoms vary and can be mild, including:
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. You will likely be referred to a specialist. An orthopedic surgeon focuses on bones and joints.
Images may need to be taken of your hip. This can be done with:
An anesthetic may be injected to help diagnose this condition. If the pain gets better with the injection, the problem is in the joint which could be a labral tear.
Talk with your doctor about the best plan for you. Treatment options include the following:
Common medical treatment may include:
Generally, this treatment is tried for several weeks. If there is no improvement, then surgery is considered.
Arthroscopy uses a thin, lighted tube inserted through a small incision to view the injury and fix it. Small instruments are threaded through this tube. The torn labrum may be removed or sewn together.
After surgery, you may be fitted with a brace. This will provide support and aid healing. A therapist will work with you. The therapy will include strength exercises and a plan to increase your weight bearing.
There are no known guidelines to prevent a hip labral tear.
Arthroscopy Association of North America
OrthoInfo—American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Canadian Orthopaedic Association
Canadian Orthopaedic Foundation
Bharam S, Philippon MJ. Diagnosis and management of acetabular labral tears in the athlete. International SportMed Journal. 2008;9(1):1-11.
Burnett SJ, Della Rocca GJ, et al. Clinical presentation of patients with tears of the acetabular labrum. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 2006;88:1448-1457.
Hunt DH, Clohisy J, et al. Acetabular Labral Tears of the Hip in Women. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - Volume 18, Issue 3 (August 2007).
O'Kane J. Anterior hip pain. Am Fam Physician. 1999 Oct 15;60(6):1687-1696. Available at:
...(Click grey area to select URL)
Accessed February 8, 2018.
Last reviewed March 2018 by
EBSCO Medical Review Board
Warren A. Bodine, DO, CAQSM
Last Updated: 3/18/2013


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The enthusiasms of our Southern editor (plus a fact-checking query from issue 201) have sent me back to Urne-Buriall, Sir Thomas Browne's 1658 essay on the "sundry practises, fictions, and conceptions, discordant or obscure" surrounding funerals and the afterlife: "Why the Female Ghosts appear unto Ulysses before the Heroes and masculine spirits? Why the Psyche or soul of Tiresias is of the masculine gender; who being blinde on earth sees more than all the rest in hell; Why the Funerall Suppers consisted of Egges, Beans, Smallage, and Lettuce, since the dead are made to eat Asphodels about the Elyzian medows? Why since there is no Sacrifice acceptable, nor any propitiation for the Covenant of the grave; men set up the Deity of Morta, and fruitlessly adored Divinities without ears? It cannot escape some doubt." —Lorin Stein
"If beauty is defined as a composite quality encompassing both extraordinary sensoriality and exemplary human behavior, then possibly the most beautiful flower shop in the world is located in Vienna's low-key-but-hip 4th District." So begins The Flower Shop: Charm, Grace, Beauty & Tenderness in a Commercial Context, which is a little hard to describe to those unfamiliar with the work of author Leonard Koren. It's a profile of Vienna's Blumenkraft, told through sepia-toned photographs and text, but it's also more than that. You learn how a flower shop functions, from the selection of the wares to caring for flowers to arranging, and you get to know the staff and experience the challenges and triumphs of running a small business and of trying to bring something beautiful, unique, and ephemeral into the world. It ends up being a much bigger story than that of one florist, however lovely. —Sadie Stein
New Order, "Leave Me Alone." I'm not sure how I've never discovered this masterpiece of new wave mellow-dee. Perhaps it's been sitting on the toadstool of my mind, elbow on knee, hand on chin, waiting for the perfect moment to ring out. As a fan of New Order's calmer music—"Regret," "Love Vigilantes," "Ceremony (Single Version)"—"Leave Me Alone" ranks high in its moody solitude. Bernard Sumner rolls the song along slow at first, but the urgency in his voice picks up as his "character" becomes more frustrated in his inability to escape the company of others. The lyrics keep in line with New Order's usual sexual despondence:
From my head to my toes
To my teeth, through my nose
You get these words wrong
You get these words wrong
You get these words wrong
I just smile.
—Noah Wunsch
There are so many reasons to be excited about art this year—great gallery and museum shows all around the country. Lucky Chicagoans are catching the tail end of a Claude Cahun exhibition and are a month into the Art Institute's display of their newly acquired Dawoud Bey collection. The twenty-five black-and-white photographs are comprised by Bey's "Harlem, U.S.A." series, which was first shown more than thirty years ago at the Studio Museum in Harlem. If you're not in Chicago, I recommend the handsome catalogue—the photographs are worth extended viewings, and his images of the Manhattan neighborhood's denizens stand alongside the work of Robert Frank, Garry Winogrand, Diane Arbus, and James Van Der Zee as definitive American portraits. —Nicole Rudick
My favorite movie of the last five years is probably Reprise, by the Norwegian director Joachim Trier. I loved its sense of humor and its sense of possibility. Trier used the devices of the nouvelle vague, not with irony or nostalgia, but as if they were brand new—as if Oslo today were Paris circa 1964. Most of all I loved Anders Lie's performance as a brilliant writer in the grip of a life-threatening depression. Oslo, August 31, which was released last week in New York, has all of these things, too, including Lie as a recovering addict who thinks he will never piece his life back together. Despite the similarities, Lie's performance in Oslo is full of surprises. I can't think of a movie actor my age who is more fun to watch. —L.S.


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Category Archives: fitness
Top 10 things I learned at the Fit Body Boot Camp World Conference 2015Leave a comment
October 11, 2015 by Benji
I attended the Fit Body Boot Camp World Conference 2015 (dubbed #FBBCWC15 ) held in Los Angeles during which I not only met the enthusiastic employees and franchisees of this wonderful company, but I also got a crash course in the FBBC style personal development, something about which I too am passionate. And while I do work on myself and on my business regularly, I did learn a lot and I heard a lot of fantastic quotes that I thought I would take a moment to share. Below are my top 10 favorite: