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- This article is about the first Sonic video game. For other uses of Sonic the Hedgehog, see Sonic the Hedgehog (disambiguation).
This is terrible! Hurry! Sonic the Hedgehog - everyone is waiting for your help!
— The Japanese manual for Sonic the Hedgehog
Sonic the Hedgehog (ソニック・ザ・ヘッジホッグ Sonikku za Hejjihoggu?) is a platform video game developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Mega Drive. Featuring the new mascot of Sega, the titular Sonic the Hedgehog, this game served as the launch title for the famous video game franchise known as the Sonic the Hedgehog series.
The game was originally released for the Sega Mega Drive in North America and Europe on 23 June 1991, with a Japanese Mega Drive release following a month later on 26 July. Advertising its fast gameplay based on Sonic's extraordinary speed, the concept of a high-speed platform game was unique for its time and solidified the style of gameplay the series would be best known for. Due to the Mega Drive's Motorola 68000 processor, the power of the console would allow for faster gameplay, dubbed by some as "blast processing," and impressive 16-bit graphics, making it much more powerful than Sega's preceding Master System.
The game was well praised by critics and was a massive commercial success, which gave the Mega Drive, and by extent Sega, a huge boost in popularity, enough so that Sega could directly compete with Nintendo, who soon followed up with the release of their Super Nintendo Entertainment System. This would result in what would be the first counterattack in a long company rivalry that lasted throughout the 90s. In recent years, the game has been ported numerous times on many other consoles, with some ports adding newer features to the original game.
On the lush, tropical paradise of South Island, Sonic the Hedgehog's animal friends begin disappearing one by one. When he discovers that the evil scientist, Dr. Ivo Robotnik, has been kidnapping them and converting them into robotic Badniks as part of a plot to collect all six of the fabled Chaos Emeralds, Sonic decides it's up to him to save them, and embarks on a quest to free his friends, locate the Chaos Emeralds first and thwart the evil schemes of Robotnik.
As Sonic races through the Zones of the island, he engages in numerous confrontations with the nefarious Robotnik and his deadly machines, and one by one frees the animals from their robotic shells and capsules placed at the end of almost every zone. In their final confrontation, the Doctor prepares his last dastardly contraption to end his adversary but proves no match for Sonic's awesome might, and his machine is totaled. Fleeing with his tail between his legs, Robotnik abandons his laboratory as it explodes, crumbling to scrap, with Sonic narrowly escaping. Following his escape, Sonic finally returns to the vast Green Hills where his journey began.
In the game's normal ending, Sonic gives the player an annoyed look before posing for the screen, and Robotnik will be shown after the credits juggling all the Chaos Emeralds the player missed, showing that he had gotten what he had came for in the first place, with a "Try Again" message taunting them.
However, if the player succeeds in collecting the six Emeralds by the end of the game, the player is rewarded with the good ending, where the six Chaos Emeralds react to one another and release a burst of light before disappearing, rejuvenating the wildlife and nature of South Island, leaving Sonic astonished before he jumps up towards the screen and poses. In the post-credits scene, Dr. Robotnik is shown humorously stomping on the "End" text in a tantrum-fueled attempt to crush it, to no avail.
Sonic the Hedgehog plays identically to other platform games released around the same time, yet its primary focus is on fast gameplay and quick reflexes. The titular character can not only run and jump, but he can pick up incredible speed if uninterrupted and can roll into a ball and spin into enemies and up ramps with enough momentum, allowing him to launch himself high up into the air or through a stream of Badniks.
There are seven zones in total, with each zone, barring the Final Zone, divided into three Acts each. Sonic must reach the end of each Act within 10 minutes while collecting items and avoiding hazards along the way. Essential to the gameplay are gold Rings scattered throughout each level, a feature which would become one of the defining characteristics of the series. These items are regularly placed around the level map and serve multiple functions. First, the player collects rings to protect Sonic. As long as they have at least one ring, the player will not lose a life when injured. Instead, when hit, up to twenty of the rings the player has collected will fly outward and scatter around the immediate area for some seconds, some of which can then be retrieved before they disappear. If the player runs into an enemy without a single ring, he/she will lose a life. If the player collects a hundred rings they will gain an extra life, and will gain an additional life for every hundred rings after that, provided the rings are not lost.
If the player has at least fifty rings at the end of an act, a giant golden ring will float above the goal sign, which can be jumped through to enter one of the Special Stages (this excludes the final act of a stage, when Sonic will enter a boss fight). At the end of each act, the total number of rings the player has is multiplied by a hundred and added to the player's score. During the score-tallying, the player can also jump through the air to find hidden emblems which can range from a hundred to 10,000 points.
Also scattered throughout each level are video monitors which when broken by the character will reward the player with one of a variety of bonuses. These include a Shield which will protect Sonic from a single hit, a 10-ring bonus, an extra life, temporary invincibility (accompanied by a temporary change in music), and "Power Sneakers", which give the player a temporary speed boost (and increase the tempo of the music for the duration). The item monitors have become another long-lasting feature in the series, though they have been changed to bubble-like containers that can float in later games.
Despite the various types of protection available, neither the shield, rings, nor invincibility will prevent the player losing a life if Sonic is crushed (by a trap or between a wall and a moving platform), drowned, runs out of time (each act has a ten-minute time limit), or falls into a bottomless pit.
Progression through the game is made easier for the player by lamp posts that act as checkpoints. When Sonic passes a lamp post, the spherical top spins around and its color changes from blue to red, and the next time a life is lost, gameplay will restart at that point rather than at the beginning of the act. In the Japanese version, if a checkpoint is activated and a life is lost as a result of running out of time, the time at the checkpoint will reset to 0:00.
Hazards the player experiences include a wide variety of "Badniks" - these appear as Animals trapped inside mechanical bodies which are released the moment the player hits them. Each badnik takes one hit to destroy, but they vary greatly from Zone to Zone; some will walk in a set path, others will try blasting the player, and some cannot be avoided at all. The player must also avoid rows of sharp spikes, cliffs, and elaborate death traps. There is also the threat of drowning (in Labyrinth Zone and the third Act of Scrap Brain Zone which contains water), as the player can only survive approximately thirty seconds underwater (locating air bubbles can extend this).
In the mobile phone re-releases, the Spin Dash, a feature from future Sonic games, is added.
Sonic's abilities
|Push left or right on the D-pad to initiate Sonic's movement in either direction. As the player holds the button down, Sonic gains speed.
|Begin walking and hold down the button to make Sonic gain speed. After a few seconds, he'll break into a run.
|Screech halt
|While running, quickly press and hold the opposite direction on the D-pad to make Sonic screech to a halt. He'll skid for a short distance, based on how fast he was moving.
|Look up
|While standing still, press up on the D-pad to make Sonic gaze to the sky. As the player holds up, the camera pans upward, giving player a view of Sonic's overhead surroundings.
|While standing still, press down on the D-pad to make Sonic duck down. As the player holds down, the camera pans downward, giving player a view of the stage beneath where Sonic stands.
|Super Sonic Spin Attack
|Often called the Spin Attack or just the roll in later games, pressing down on the D-pad while moving will make Sonic curl into a rolling attack. He'll remain in this position until the player jumps or slows down. The speed of Sonic's movement while in spin mode is based on how fast the player was moving when they initiated the Spin Attack.
|Super Sonic Spin Jump
|Renamed the Spin Jump in later games, pressing an action button at any time will make Sonic leap into the air with a rolling attack. The height of the jump is proportional to how long the player held the button down.
|Certain blocks can be pushed by running up against them. Continue holding the D-pad against the offending cube to have Sonic push it along the ground. This sprite will also be shown if the player attempts this with an object that can't be pushed that doesn't harm them.
Sonic the Hedgehog has seven zones (plus the Special Stages). The first six zones contain three full-length Acts, and the final one only consists of the final boss machine.
- Green Hill Zone
- Marble Zone
- Spring Yard Zone
- Labyrinth Zone
- Star Light Zone
- Scrap Brain Zone
- Final Zone
Special Stages
If Sonic finishes the first or second Act of any of the first five zones with at least fifty Rings, a large, spinning ring will appear. If he jumps into it, he will warp into a "Special Stage" (called the "Secret Zone" in the manual), which conceals one of the six Chaos Emeralds. In these stages, Sonic, in ball form, falls through a series of rotating mazes.
If he can avoid the "GOAL" signs along parts of the stage's walls (presumably labeled "GOAL" to entice the player into a failed attempt at getting a Chaos Emerald), he will eventually find the Chaos Emerald encased in colored diamonds; touching the diamonds repeatedly will cause them to change color from blue, to green, to yellow, to pink and ultimately disappear, allowing access to the Emerald. The stage will end when Sonic either touches the Emerald or hits a "GOAL" sign. If fifty Rings are collected before Sonic makes contact with a "GOAL" sign or gets the Chaos Emerald, then a 'Continue' will be awarded to the player, indicated by a brief, distinct change in melody. Super Sonic does not appear in Sonic the Hedgehog because the seventh Chaos Emerald was not yet introduced.
There are a total of ten opportunities to get Chaos Emeralds, meaning the player can fail a Special Stage up to four times if all six Emeralds are to be collected before the end of the game. Scrap Brain Zone will not have a large ring at the end of it, even when finishing with fifty rings, despite the acts ending before it. If the player fails a stage, that stage is skipped and is returned to after attempting the sixth and final Special Stage.
It is stated in the North American and European manuals that a 1-Up item can be found in Special Stages, but they are not seen anywhere unless placed in the game's secret Debug Mode. It is possible, however, to earn extra lives by collecting a hundred rings in a single stage, indicated by the same sound used in the main zones.
Items and power-ups
|As long as Sonic has some of these, he won't lose a life if he takes damage. Sustain a hit, and all your collected Rings will scatter, giving you a brief opportunity to grab a few back before they disappear. (Rings will not protect Sonic from getting crushed by a trap, falling below the level, drowning, or running out of time. All of these effects result in instant death.) A 1-Up is awarded for every one hundred Rings collected, and each ring is worth a hundred points at the end-of-act score tally. In many later games, Sonic can collect fifty of these to transform into Super Sonic (if the player has all seven Chaos Emeralds).
|Video Monitor
|In each stage, you'll find a number of these power-up bearing monitors. Pop them open with a spin to procure one of five power-ups:
|These hold your place in a stage: should you lose a life, you'll start back at the last star post you crossed.
|Round bumpers found only in Spring Yard Zone and the Special Stages. Bounce off one for ten points, up to ten times for a total of a hundred points. (They stop dispensing points after the tenth hit.)
|Leap onto the broad side to catapult Sonic into the air. The yellow ones send him flying a short distance, and the more powerful red ones send him farther.
|Don't touch the pointy side! They're usually found in sets of three, but that's not a steadfast rule. Sometimes they're just lying out in the open, and sometimes they pop in and out of the ground, ceilings, or walls.
|Jump on the button to cause a change in the nearby scenery, usually necessary to proceed.
|Air Bubbles
|Large, oxygen-filled bubbles periodically rise from these clusters: tag one to fill Sonic's lungs with air and prolong the time you can spend underwater. Sonic can only spend thirty seconds underwater without drowning, and grabbing a bubble resets the timer. (Labyrinth Zone and Scrap Brain Zone Act 3 only)
|Bonus Points
|As you approach the bonus plate at the end of an Act, leap into the air to find invisible bonus points that are added to your score. They can be worth 100, 1000, or a sweet 10,000.
|Bonus plate
|These signs can be found at the end of each first and second Act. Cross them to end the stage.
|Special Stage Ring
|These giant rings appear above bonus plates when you cross with at least fifty rings on hand. Jump in to warp to the Special Stage. (Once you've collected all six Chaos Emeralds, the Special Stage rings no longer appear.) If Sonic does not jump in before the bonus plate stops spinning, he will uncontrollably run off of the screen and the Special Stage is lost.
|These are found at the end of each third Act, after defeating the boss. Push the button on top to destroy the machine and free the helpless animals within.
|English name
|Japanese name
|Moto Bug
|Beetle bots with one wheel and two claws, a blue head, an engine, and a red back that roll innocently along the ground. They appear in Green Hill Zone. They are designed after ladybugs.
|Buzz Bomber
|Blue bee bots that look like wasps with two yellow antennae with an engine that flies across from the right side of the screen, pausing once to fire a large flashing projectile from their stingers diagonally downward at Sonic. They are seen in Green Hill Zone.
|Bata Bata
|Red piranha bots that leap upward from beneath bridges, trying to chomp Sonic. It's best to walk on bridges while in a ball form. They appear in Green Hill Zone.
|Gani Gani
|Red crab bots with six gray legs that crawl along the ground and fire projectiles from their pincers and shoot three inches in the air and then the projectiles drop to the ground.
|These chameleon bots hang out on the side of cliffs and remain invisible until approached. They come in two colors: blue ones transform into missiles and jet along the ground. Green ones appear just long enough to fire an energy blast at Sonic.
(ナール Nāru)
|Purple Caterpillar bots with yellow spikes on their body and two yellow antennae that crawl slowly along the ground. The safest method of disposal is to roll into their round heads: venture a poke anywhere else, and you'll sustain damage and send their segments flying. Caterkillers appear in Marble Zone and Scrap Brain Zone.
|Blue bat bots with one engine, two black or gray claws, and black wings that latch onto ceilings until approached, then drop down and fly through the air a short distance before returning to their roost.
|Blue armadillo bots with a red face that roll down long slopes after Sonic. They tumble faster than Sonic runs, so leap to avoid being steamrolled. At the bottom of the hill, Roller pauses and briefly opens up: this is your only chance to attack.
(ヤドリン Yadorin)
|Purple hermit crab bots with two purple and yellow claws and two yellow wheels that crawl along the ground. Their shells are cloaked with spikes, making them invulnerable from above.
|Mole bots with two tractor-like wheels, a blue head, and red shoulders, helmets, and arms that spring from underground and roll along the surface. Look for their drill bit noses poking out of the earth to avoid an ambush.
|Puku Puku
|Purple piranha bots with a yellow jaw and yellow eyes that swim around underwater. ("Puku-puku" is Japanese onomatopoeia for a bubbling noise.)
|Irritable blue sphere bots that hover around very slowly. They're orbited by four red spiked balls which they fling off in rapid succession upon being approached. It's a dangerous assault, but once it's done, Unidasu is completely open to attack. ("Uni" is Japanese for sea urchin.)
|Uni Uni
|These guys, palette aside, look exactly like Unidasu. They're a bit more cool-headed, though, with a green sphere in the middle and four yellow spikes surrounding it and won't fire off their barrier of orbs. While this means you don't have that tricky attack to avoid, they're virtually impossible to hit.
|Mindless bots with gray top and red bottom with two gray legs. Even though they never move, they explode in five to six seconds after making contact with it into a shower of projectiles when approached. They can't be damaged, only avoided.
|Ball Hog
|Pink Pig bots with gray ears, a gray stomach, gray legs, and a turquoise nose that hop in place atop steep banks and roll balls down the slope. They only appear in Scrap Brain Zone.
|Blue rabbit robots that just bounce around. These badniks weren't used in the original release, but appeared in pre-release copies of the game and made appearances in promotional art. In the 2013 mobile re-release, they are enabled as solid objects in the game's Debug Mode.
At the end of the third Act of each zone (except the Scrap Brain Zone), Sonic faces off against Dr. Robotnik, who is piloting his mobile. For each battle, Robotnik's machine has a different tactic. Sonic must hit each boss eight times to destroy it.
- Egg Mobile-H (Green Hill Zone)
- Fireball Weapon (Marble Zone)
- Spike Weapon (Spring Yard Zone)
- Retreating (Labyrinth Zone)
- Mine Dropper (Star Light Zone)
- Final Zone
These are the achievements which add to the player's Gamerscore on the Xbox Live Arcade and PlayStation 3 versions of Sonic the Hedgehog.
|Trophy Class
|Clear Green
|Clear Green Hill Zone.
|Star Light Zone
|Get to Star Light Zone.
|Spring Yard Zone
|Get to Spring Yard Zone.
|Labyrinth Zone
|Get to Labyrinth Zone.
|Fast Green
|Beat Green Hill Zone Act 1 in under 35 seconds.
|Chaos Emerald
|Get one Chaos Emerald.
|Get 100 or more Rings.
|Fast Marble
|Beat Marble Zone Act 1 in under 80 seconds.
|Beat the game.
|Fast Win
|Beat the game in under 40 minutes.
|Chaos Master
|Get all the Chaos Emeralds.
|Perfect Win
|Beat the game without dying.
Master System and Game Gear
As the Master System still had high sales in South America (and in limited amounts in the US through retail stores), an 8-bit version of Sonic the Hedgehog was produced for the Master System market. This version had similar zone themes and regular enemies, but entirely different level layouts and bosses. The Master System version was released for the Wii Virtual Console on 4 August 2008. This version was also made available worldwide for the Game Gear, with adjustments due to the smaller screen.
Cheat codes
- Level Select - At the title screen, press UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, then hold A and press start.
- Debug Mode - At the title screen, press UP, C, DOWN, C, LEFT, C, RIGHT, C (or C, C, UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT), start, then hold A until the game starts.
Note: These codes do not work on the Xbox Live Arcade and PlayStation Network versions of the game. They also do not work in the game unlockable in the Xbox 360 version of Sonic Generations.
There are seven particular glitches in the game that could either help or make things much worse for Sonic.
- Too fast Sonic in the Green Hill Zone; Result: If going too fast down two tubes in Green Hill, the camera won't respond and Sonic will die at the ledge to the giant ring pattern.
- Rolling after Labyrinth Zone Act 2's end; Result: An illegal instruction error will proceed if this glitch is triggered, making the player reset the game.
- Too many hits on the Final Zone's boss; Result: If timed correctly, the player can hit Robotnik two times on the final hit, showing that he would need to be hit 255 more times, which is normally impossible under the time limit.
- Sonic jumps too far away in the Final Zone; Result: Sonic would jump off into the bottomless pit, therefore losing a life.
- Move through walls in Scrap Brain Zone; Result: On one of the moving platforms, Sonic can duck and go through the wall, showing that he has been placed in another location.
- "Spike Bug"; Result: Though this is technically intentional, Sonic isn't invulnerable to spike damage immediately after taking a hit. This causes instant death (or an endless loop, if on debug mode). This was fixed in later games and in certain ports.
- Robotnik camps forever; Result: While using Debug Mode, go underneath the Final Zone. The player should be thrown as far left as possible, then go to the very top of the Zone. If timed correctly, Robotnik should not attack, thus forcing the player to restart the game to fix it.
|Sega Mega Drive
|Included in Sonic Compilation (later released as Sonic Classics) on the Sega Mega Drive.
|Sega Mega Drive
|Re-released on the Sega Mega Drive in a new package under a "Sega Classics" logo.
|Sega Mega Drive
|Mega 6 Volume 3 was a Sega Mega Drive cartridge consisting of six games, one of which was Sonic the Hedgehog.
|Sega Mega Drive
|6-Pak was a Sega Mega Drive cartridge consisting of six games, one of which was Sonic the Hedgehog.
|This was one of the games adapted for release in arcades using MegaPlay and MegaTech technology in 1993. The game is almost identical to the console version except Labyrinth Zone and Scrap Brain Zone Act 3 have been removed.
|Sega Saturn
|Playable in Sonic Jam for the Sega Saturn console. A new Spin Dash option was added, which also fixes the so-called "Spike Bug".
|Included in SEGA Smash Pack for the Dreamcast console.
|PlayStation 2 / PSP
|SEGA Genesis Collection for PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable includes this game.
|Available in Sonic Mega Collection for the GameCube.
|PlayStation 2 / PC / Xbox
|Available in Sonic Mega Collection Plus for the PlayStation 2, PC and Xbox.
|Available in Sonic Mega Collection Plus / Super Monkey Ball Deluxe 2 in 1 combo pack for the Xbox.
|GameCube / PlayStation 2
|Sonic Gems Collection allows you to play the final boss of this game in the museum mode. If you beat the Final Zone under the time limit, you can continue on to the beginning of the game until your time runs out.
|Mobile Phone
In 2005 this game was ported as a mobile phone game and offered on the Sonic Cafe service in Japan.
|Mobile Phone
|Sonic the Hedgehog Mobile is an emulated version of the game released for download on Mobile phones in 2005, under the Sega Mobile banner. However, the game is split into two parts. Part 1 contains the first 3 zones, while Part 2 contains the last three.
|Play TV Legends
|Sega Mega Drive Collection Vol. 1 is a game console which is part of the Play TV Legends plug-and-play series. It has 6 built-in games that can be played when the console is connected to the TV. The title game is Sonic the Hedgehog. This was released in Europe and the US in 2005.
|Play TV Legends
|Included in Super Sonic Gold, a console that has 4 built in games, but no cartridge slot. Released in the US and Europe in 2005
|Game Boy Advance
Released on the Game Boy Advance under the title Sonic the Hedgehog Genesis. While it added Spin Dash and save features, the port is considered of extremely poor quality due to incompetent programming.
|Sonic the Hedgehog (iPod); iTunes recently released this "Click Wheel Game" version for download under the Sega Mobile banner. It was compatible with the iPod Nano (3rd, 4th, 5th Generation) and iPod classic (5th Generation). Not to be confused with the iOS port.
|Sonic the Hedgehog was ported to iOS in May 2009. This version's distribution has been discontinued, replaced by an entirely different port with the Retro Engine (see below).
|Available for Download on the Wii's Virtual Console.
|Xbox 360
|Available for Download on the Xbox 360's Xbox Live Arcade service. Released on 7 November 2007 [3]
|PlayStation 3 / Xbox 360
|Included in a compilation disk titled Sonic's Ultimate Genesis Collection for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.
|Sonic PC Collection is a compilation released in New Zealand and Australia in 2009. This compilation includes Sonic Mega Collection Plus which includes Sonic the Hedgehog.
|Nintendo DS
|Included in a compilation titled Sonic Classic Collection for the Nintendo DS.
|Included in Sega Mega Drive Classic Collection - Volume 1 which entails 10 classic Sega titles.
|PlayStation 3
Available for Download on the PlayStation 3's PlayStation Network service. Available to PlayStation Plus Members (for Free) from 1 March 2011 to 5 April 2011. Available to Regular Users 29 March 2011.
|Android (Kyocera Echo only)
Available for Download on Kyocera Echo via G-Gee by Gmo. It was available for free (including other games by G-Gee and SEGA's Super Monkey Ball) for a short period of time.
|Xbox 360 / PlayStation 3
In the console versions of Sonic Generations, this game is playable from the hub world. It is unlockable after a Genesis controller is purchased from the Skill Shop. This version keeps track of time (similar to the release of Sonic Jam). In addition, a new bonus feature can be unlocked via the Skill Shop - infinite continues. The Xbox 360 version lacks the level select code, but the PlayStation 3 version has it intact. It is removed from the PC version in favor of slightly enriching the core game experience.
|Nintendo 3DS
As a celebration of the Mega Drive's 25th anniversary in Japan, Sega released another port for Nintendo 3DS titled 3D Sonic the Hedgehog, which is part of series of Mega Drive games re-released to take advantage of 3D. The port also features Spin Dash as an optional move, Stage Select feature, input settings, sound settings, the option to toggle the original revisions, and separate display settings with stereoscopic sense to create a 3D experience. It is was released in Japan on 15 May 2013,[4] and was later released in North America and PAL Regions on December 5, 2013.[5][6]
|Nintendo 3DS
|Sonic the Hedgehog is one of the Sega games included in a compilation of classic games titled Sega 3D Classics Collection. While it is titled 3D Sonic the Hedgehog, this compilation title takes advantage of stereoscopic 3D to create a 3D experience.
|iOS, Android
Developed by Christian Whitehead and Headcannon, this remastered edition of the original Sonic the Hedgehog includes several features including an optional Spin Dash, Miles "Tails" Prower and Knuckles the Echidna being playable characters and an expanded Level Select and Debug Mode.
|Nintendo Switch
Re-released as part of the SEGA AGES line for the Nintendo Switch, Sonic the Hedgehog includes some features such as the Spin Dash and Drop Dash from Sonic Mania and two modes: Ring Keep Mode and Time Attack. It was released on September 20, 2018.
The original Sonic the Hedgehog was very well received by critics, scoring 86% from GameRankings.[7] The game was an instant success that allowed Sega to wrap their video game business around and have a platformer to compete with Nintendo's Super Mario franchise.[8] The gameplay, audio and graphics were praised by reviewers.
IGN reviewer Lucas M. Thomas rated Sonic the Hedgehog an 8/10, praising the simple but fast gameplay, the soundtrack and commended that "few people realize how difficult it was to create Sonic's graphics engine, which allowed for the incredible rate of speed the game's known for. The technical achievement impressed back in '91, and still does so today."[9] Gamespot reviewer Greg Kasavin gave the game a 7.3/10, praising the great soundtrack and memorable sound effects, the fast-paced, responsive platformer action and cute, colorful graphics [that] have a good deal of charm and personality although he felt that the later levels can get frustrating tough, requiring meticulous memorization.[10]
- The European box art is similar to the Japanese box art.
- The Japanese release added additional storyline details, as the existing plot was virtually a basic outline. The purpose of the Chaos Emeralds is greatly expanded upon, which is elaborated in later games. It is explained that Dr. Robotnik was specifically searching for them on the island due to their incredible energy according to legend. The manual also states that there has already been some unknown animosity between Sonic and Robotnik in the past (which, on the other hand, is not backed up in later games). It also lists the setting as South Island, which is established in later games as well - in the English manual, the setting was originally unnamed.
- There are two versions of the game. This revision is common in Japan, but contrary to popular belief it was released worldwide in smaller quantities. This update makes some very minor changes to the game's programming, as well as adds some visual effects such as scrolling clouds in Green Hill Zone or water ripples in Labyrinth Zone. It also corrects the Zone order on the level select. This version of the game is used in most subsequent releases. In addition, the scrolling clouds return in most appearances of Green Hill Zone.
- Rui Sousa holds the high score for Sonic the Hedgehog: 1,559,180. He achieved this on 21 March 2015.[11]
- There was a sound test that was originally supposed to be in this game but was scrapped. But one character in this sound test appeared in future games (Vector) while the others appear in the Archie Comics as part of Mina Mongoose's band.
- A variant of this game's Special Stage also appeared in Sonic the Hedgehog 4: Episode I.
- There were only six Chaos Emeralds in this game. A seventh emerald was introduced in Sonic the Hedgehog 2.
- The game's 2013 re-release adds a seventh emerald, making Super Forms possible.
- In each version of the game's box art, Sonic is making the same pose.
- Out of the main series classic Sonic games (including both episodes of Sonic the Hedgehog 4 and Sonic Mania), this is the only game whose final boss doesn't take place in space.
- Masato Nakamura did say in an interview that when he was composing the music for this game, he thought the game as a film to compose the music.
- This is one of the games to be represented in Sonic Generations. Green Hill reappears as the first stage of the Classic Era in both the home and portable versions.
- This game's theme music would later be remixed and used as the theme for Sonic the Hedgehog 2 and Sonic Generations.
- Also, the opening and ending of this game's ending theme were remixed and used for the opening and ending theme for Sonic Generations.
- Strangely, the PlayStation Network port of the game was rated E10+ by the ESRB. However, that has been changed to an E rating in 2013.
- In the G4 special Top 100 Video Games of All Time, the game was ranked at #50.[12]
- The game was meant to move at an even faster pace, but that idea was cut from the final version, as Yuji Naka got motion-sickness from it.
- The game was listed in the book 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die. In addition, Sonic the Hedgehog 2 and Sonic Adventure were also listed.[13]
- This is one of the few Sonic games that when it crashes, it has something debug-related happen. In this game's case, sometimes when a crash happens, an error code comes on the screen.
- The title icon for this game, and several corresponding games, resembles the logo for the restaurant chain Steak 'n Shake.
- ↑ Dobson, Jason (2006-06-23). Sonic The Hedgehog Celebrates 15th Anniversary. Gamasutra. Think Services. Retrieved on 2009-08-27.
- ↑ Mean Machines #10 (Review: Sonic the Hedgehog & Sonic Clampdown)
- ↑ http://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/s/sonicxboxlivearcade/default.htm
- ↑ http://archives.sega.jp/3d/sonic/
- ↑ http://www.sonicstadium.org/2013/07/sega-3d-classics-confirmed-for-western-release/
- ↑ http://www.tssznews.com/2013/12/05/3d-sonic-the-hedgehog-altered-beast-hits-domestic-eshop/
- ↑ Sonic the Hedgehog for Genesis. Archived from the original on March 9 2009. Retrieved on 23 December 2014.
- ↑ Corbie Dillard (20 November 2006). Sonic the Hedgehog (Wii Virtual Console/Mega Drive) Review. Retrieved on 23 December 2014.
- ↑ Lucas M. Thomas (26 January 2007). Sonic the Hedgehog VC Review. Retrieved on 23 December 2014.
- ↑ Greg Casavin (19 November 2006). Sonic the Hedgehog Review. Retrieved on 23 December 2014.
- ↑ https://recordsetter.com/world-record/highest-score-sonic-tthe-hedgehog-five-life-limit-sega-genesis/40618?autoplay=true
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qz7hBxtZU2E
- ↑ http://www.listology.com/adambc13/list/1001-video-games-you-must-play-you-die
External links
|Sonic the Hedgehog (1991) • Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (1992) • Sonic the Hedgehog CD (1993) • Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (1994) • Sonic & Knuckles (1994) • Sonic Adventure (1998)
|Sonic Adventure 2 (2001) • Sonic Heroes (2003) • Shadow the Hedgehog (2005) • Sonic the Hedgehog (2006) • Sonic Unleashed (2008) • Sonic the Hedgehog 4: Episode I (2010) • Sonic Colors (2010)
|Sonic Generations (2011) • Sonic the Hedgehog 4: Episode II (2012) • Sonic the Hedgehog 4: Episode Metal (2012) • Sonic Lost World (2013) • Sonic Mania (2017) • Sonic Forces (2017)


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Friday, 6/28
Annual Unconference
ACRL Leadership Council Networking Session + Meeting
Emerging Leaders Poster Session & Reception
ACRL Instruction Soiree (don't see an official page yet)
STACKS! Soul Librarian Dance Party & Benefit for the Read/Write Library
Saturday, 6/29
LITA Panel: What you need to know before gamifying your library
I will be participating on this panel, presenting: Anchoring the badge: Setting standards for game-based learning in library instruction.
ACRL New Members Discussion Group
Moderated discussion about the intersection of gender and academic libraries
ACRL Student Retention Discussion Group
I created this group with Jaime Hammond to discuss issues related to student retention in academic libraries.You can join the group in our Connect space here: http://connect.ala.org/node/173037.
Our topic for this conference is:
How do we measure causation versus correlation in the library's role in student success and retention? The ACRL Student Retention Discussion Group will be discussing the impact of a "culture of assessment" on libraries and demonstrating value on campus in regards to retention. We will discuss how effective demonstration of value in campus retention is through traditional methods and hope to explore ideas participants have for new initiatives.LITA Instructional Technologies Interest Group
ACRL Instruction Session Current Topics Discussion
WGSS Social
8th ALA Annual 2013 Newbie & Veteran Librarian Tweet-up
ALA After Hours: EveryLibrary & Librarian Wardrobe Party (Facebook event page)
Like last year, there will be a best-dressed contest (just for fun) and a walkoff for anyone who wants to participate. Librarian Wardrobe will have more details posted soon. There will also be Librarian Wardrobe photographers snapping pictures of people during the conference. And check out the EveryLibrary site.
Sunday, 6/30
Conversation Starters: Achievement unlocked: Motivating and assessing user learning with digital badges
I will be presenting with Annie Pho and Young Lee, covering what digital badges are, their use in instruction, and potential with technology. And check out Annie's post about this session.
NMRT Resume Reviewer Shift
If you're interested in getting your resume reviewed, there might still be some slots left.
Libraries and Student Success: A Campus Collaboration Using High Impact Educational Practices
ACRL ANSS Studying Ourselves: Libraries and the User Experience
Various socials/happy hours (LITA, NMRT, GLBTRT....)
Monday, 7/1
ACRL Undergraduate Librarians Discussion Group
How to Teach and Assess Discipline-Specific Information Literacy
Annual Library Camp
Chicago Showdown: ALA Battledecks IV
Que(e)ry: Leather Bound in CHICAGO!

subset: commoncrawl


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R: Vaticanus Latinus 3867, the "codex Romanus," also known as the Vergilius Romanus. One of the oldest and most important Vergilian manuscripts, written in the beginning of the sixth century AD in rustic capitals. It has nineteen large miniatures, including a portrait of the author. Its surviving leaves contain most of the Aeneid, the Georgics, and some of the Eclogues. Its place of origin is disputed, with some scholars believing that is was originally written in Ravenna, others that it derives from Byzantium or elsewhere in the eastern Roman Empire. It is of considerable significance in establishing the text of the Aeneid, though not as important as M (Florentinus Laurentianus XXXIX.1) or P (Vaticanus Palatinus lat. 1631) (Conte 2011, ix).
Conte, G.B. 2011. P. Vergilius Maro Aeneis. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2011.
Reynolds, L.D. 1983. "Virgil." In Texts and Transmission: A Survey of the Latin Classics, edited by L.D. Reynolds, 433-436. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Dickinson College Commentaries
Terms of use
To provide readers of Greek and Latin with high interest texts equipped with media, vocabulary, and grammatical, historical, and stylistic notes.
Dickinson College CommentariesDepartment of Classical StudiesDickinson CollegeCarlisle, PA 17013 email@example.com(717) 245-1493


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This has not been a good week for Chris Brown.
The 23-year-old singer was involved in a car crash Saturday afternoon and totaled his vehicle, but escaped uninjured, E! News confirms with the Beverly Hills Police Department. He was alone in the car. Brown told officers on the scene he was being chased by paparazzi before the accident.
JustJared.com reports that Brown's rep is also blaming the paparazzi. His rep tells the site that while on his way to the Debbie Allen Dance Academy for a Symphonic Love Foundation event, two vehicles cut Brown off, and that is when the paparazzi reportedly pounced.
U.S. & World
Chris Brown and Rihanna reunite at recording studio after his probation hearing drama
"The occupants jumped out, with cameras, and aggressively approached his vehicle. In an effort to remove himself from the situation, he began to back down an alley at which point his was cut off by two additional vehicles," says a rep for Brown. "Chris' vehicle was totaled due to this aggressive pursuit by the paparazzi. He is okay."
The car crash is a fitting end to a troubled week for Brown. On Wednesday, he took to his Instagram to vent after more legal troubles emerged earlier this week. The Los Angeles District Attorney is moving to modify the singer's probation, alleging the star failed to provide "credible, competent or verifiable evidence" that he completed his court-ordered community service.
Chris Brown's album slapped with a warning sticker that says "This man beats women"
"I'm wise I can handle the hate but enough is enough yo!! I'm a human being and I honestly think I deserve respect. I'm sick of being accused," Brown wrote. "Just when everything seems to be going good, some new s--t happens. A day in my shoes is a day in hell, believe it or not!"
No word on whether Brown will appear at the charity event tonight as scheduled or if he will be pressing charges.


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Sierra Nevada Receives $91 Million Counter-Explosive Ordnance Device Award
Sierra Nevada Corporation, Sparks, Nevada, is being awarded a $91 million modification to a contract for the procurement and support of the transmitting set, countermeasures AN/PLT-5 to support Joint Services Explosive Ordnance Disposal (JSEOD) personnel. JSEOD forces have a requirement for man-portable equipment and support for the JSEOD counter radio controlled improvised explosive device electronic warfare (CREW) program. The JSEOD CREW program provides all military explosive ordnance disposal services with an electronic warfare capability to counter the threat from improvised explosive devices. The systems protect forces of all services, including those currently located in Afghanistan. The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division, Indian Head, Maryland, is the contracting activity.


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The American Society of Interior Designer's Interior Design Billings Index (IDBI) slipped 6.3 points to a score of 58.8 in June, but registered its eighteenth straight month in which more than 50% of firms reported an increase or no decrease in design services compared to the previous month. The inquiries index, which is seen as a leading indicator for billings, also decreased but maintained a relatively strong reading in June, moving from a score of 65.7 in May to a score of 61.9 in June. Strong scores in inquiries and billings suggest continued positive spending conditions. On a three-month moving average basis, the index posted a score of 60.8 for June. Based on the six-month outlook score of 66.5, design firms expect to continue on a positive path forward in 2017.
By region, economic performance showed less activity and firms across all regions reported a decrease in services in June, but business conditions remained positive. Firms in the South decreased to a score of 66 in June from 69.2 in May; in the West, scores decreased from 67.5 to 57.1; in the Midwest, scores decreased from 58.3 to 50; and in the Northeast, scores decreased from 68.8 to 53.6 in June.


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Editor's note: After hearing of the topic for the March 2011 SAT essay we at Bell Curves decided to have our intern, a recent SAT test taker, write his thoughts about it. We love you to share your thoughts in the comments!
The essay was introduced as part of the writing section of the SAT in March 2005. It was in response to the increasing demand of college admissions personnel for more proof of a student's writing and critical thinking abilities. These essays usually ask about general themes (e.g. responsibility, dreams, heroism, or rationality), so that the average student could produce a relatively well-thought out response in 30 minutes.
Typical essay questions (and most of the ones in the preparation material released by the College Board) include:
- "Is it better for people to learn from others than to learn on their own?"
- "Is an idealistic approach less valuable than a practical approach?"
- "Do people put too much importance on getting every detail right on a project or task?"
- "Do we benefit from learning about the flaws of people we admire and respect?"
These questions are pretty predictable and require some intellectual contemplation on the part of the student. When I was preparing for the kinds of essay questions posed in the Writing section, I decided to always write 5 paragraphs (filling up both pages if possible) and to use three supporting examples that demonstrated that I paid attention in high school. I employed my knowledge of historical events; novels (The Great Gatsby, for example); memorable articles from The New York Times, The Economist, etc; personal anecdotes, which I made up to fit the prompt; and statistics from recognizable sources. Following this method requires the common knowledge, more or less, of a high school junior. Therefore, I would say that most test-takers approach the essay question in roughly this manner.
However students were definitely caught off guard by the essay questions from the exam this past weekend:
- "Do people benefit from forms of entertainment that show so-called reality, or are such forms of entertainment harmful?"
- "Is photography a representation of real life or a depiction of a photographer's point of view?"


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Peril Sensitive Sunglasses - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
The world is dangerous. Terrorists lurk behind every curtain and paedophiles linger at the bus stop. Eating food gives you cancer, and teenage delinquents wait in every park ready to stab you over a mobile phone. Welcome to England. As the Daily Mail describes it, at least. Wouldn't it be great to not worry about any of that stuff? A pair of Joo Janta 200 Super-Chromatic Peril Sensitive Sunglasses would be the solution. At the first hint of trouble, they turn totally black and prevent you from seeing anything alarming. Those "look out" moments will be prevented by.. not looking out.
Douglas Adams' Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy throws up some schweet pieces of fantasy tech. While an honourable mention should go out to the Babelfish for being the mack daddy of translation tools, the Peril Sensitive Sunglasses were always my favourite. How I long for something to wipe the grim look off paranoid faces of a population terrified by tabloids. I'll keep my fingers crossed. Maybe they could even come free with Saturday's Telegraph. Oh the irony.
In reality, such sunglasses will probably never come to fruition and if they did, it's probable that Sony has already got a patent on them. This year we saw the billboard-blurring Adblock shades appear as an April Fools Joke. Such specs are a fantastic concept that will unfortunately remain a fictional dream for years to come.
Then again, did you ever wonder why Ray Charles always looked so calm? Yes, it could have been the heroin, but I'll go with my gut on this one. Peril Sensitive Sunnies. You know it.
Commercial possibility 10%
More info BBC
Personality glasses - Joe 90
If you're discontent with your personality, perhaps you should invest in a pair of these? Or at least keep dreaming of the day they're invented. With a pair of Joe 90 glasses on, you may have little choice but to look like a cross between Ronnie Barker and Arthur C Clarke, but you would be able to match the skills of anyone you wished.
A machine called the BIG RAT, aka Brain Impulse Galvanoscope: Record And Transfer, takes the knowledge - captured from brain patterns of various experts - and transfers it to the mind through special spectacles, bringing the skills to anyone who wears them.
The idea ties in with the concept of implanting memory, another training method seen in various later movies from Brainstorm to The Matrix. It's the sort of experiments that are probably happening right now at Guantanamo, or a highly-secretive underground base in Dulce, New Mexico.
Derren Brown appears to have mastered the art of MKUltra mind-f**kery, coercing the brain into believing false memories. However, to deceive the brain with a computer chip, or even a pair of glasses is a whole next kettle of fish.
If the mind can be misled into believing an ability, could it still achieve without the actual experience? If my brain truly convinced itself, could my feet kick a ball like Lionel Messi? Without getting bogged down in quantum physics and questions of reality, it seems the future is very clouded on this. If it was possible though, how many of us would actually want to be modified with manufactured memories? I suspect that like Joe 90, such glasses would certainly have some strings attached. Yes I'd want the skills, but without the hard work in attaining them, it just wouldn't be the same.
Commercial possibility 20%
More info Joe 90


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If you take a look at Futuremark Hall of Fame website you'll see a plethora of world records crushed by the new beast.
Check out the screenshot provided.
Watch this space for some exclusive insights in near future :)
A group of motherboard enthusiasts working for GIGABYTE, sharing their insider knowledge and general ramblings of the motherboard business, the tech industry, latest technologies and trends, and other random odds and ends.
Watch this space for some exclusive insights in near future :)
The USB-IF just certified two more GIGABYTE USB 3.0 motherboards brining the grand total to 5. The other 20 boards are being evaluated as we speak and should soon be listed there too. As far as I can tell there seems to only be 1 other USB 3.0 certified motherboard on the list…
Digitimes reports that GIGABYTE is considering introducing mid-range and entry level USB 3.0 motherboards in the near future. I wonder where they (and the Apple Daily newspaper) get that info from considering that we've been selling mid-range and entry level USB 3.0 mobos since January!
Mid-range GIGABYTE USB 3.0 motherboards: P55A-UD3, P55-USB3, P55-USB3L, H57M-USB3, H55M-USB3, H55-USB3, EP45T-USB3P, 770TA-UD3 and 770T-USB3.
Entry-level GIGABYTE USB 3.0 motherboards: EP43T-USB3 and 785GMT-USB3. Not to mention the soon to be released H55N-USB3 Mini-ITX mobo that we mentioned previously!
The full list of GIGABYTE USB 3.0 motherboards is available at www.usb3motherboard.com.
I tested 3 CPUs and found a couple to have similar clocks and one to be trailing a bit behind. I havent seen many people do 6GHz with CPU intensive test so it was really good to see pretty easy 6GHz benching with only small amount of testing. The board was behaving pefect!!!
Jump on Xtreme Systems for more pics, info and benchmark updates.
The competition is really heating up over at HWBOT during the final week of GIGABYTE H55/H57 IGP OC Challenge. We are finally starting to see a lot of subzero rigs and look at them go crazy with those pour little IGPs getting tortured left, right and centre. Intel GMA HD Clarkdale World records are getting smashed with every new entry. If you havent joined in the fun yet now is the time to do so to get a chance to win some prizes either by winning or just participating.
I have been using Nexstar 'toaster drives' at home for around 3 years now starting with a USB 2.0 version and then adding an eSATA/USB 2.0 combo. They are fast, easy to use and now also come in the USB 3.0 variety:
The Nexstar Hard Drive Dock SuperSpeed
This week two Nexstar USB 3.0 external hard drive devices passed GIGABYTE USB 3.0 motherboard compatibility testing; the first being the Nexstar Hard Drive Dock SuperSPeed above and the second being the Nexstar 3 SuperSpeed.
The Nexstar 3 SuperSpeed
Both devices can be found on the usb3motherboard.com website.
We have an exciting new addition to our family of motherboards in the form of a Mini-ITX based on the H55 chipset. Here's a picture comparison next to the monstrous X58A-UD7. Isn't it just adorable!
We haven't announced the final specs but it is targeted at small form factor media centers so it is jam-packed with high definition audio and video features as well as unprecedented connectivity options for a Mini-ITX platform. In this case, dynamite does come in a small package!
If you're into case modding or SFF (small form factor) systems then watch this space because this baby is coming soon!
NEC has the first USB-IF certified SuperSpeed USB (USB 3.0) controller chip and semiaccurate.com reports that they have just announced total shipments of 3 million parts over the past 6 months. The good news is that Gigabyte is on track to make our target of 1 million USB 3.0 mobos shipped by the end of Q1, 2010 – 1/3 of the USB platforms out there are based on Gigabyte mobos!
NEC's press release can be found here.
Tom's Hardware has published their System Builder Marathon guide, and the GIGABYTE GA-X58A-UD7 was the recommended board of choice for the highest end $3,000 Extreme PC.
With all of the above-noted features (plus dual eSATA, dual Gigabit Ethernet, support for up to 10 internal SATA drives, a massive 24-phase voltage regulator, and the builder's choice of enormous air or liquid heat-pipe cooling), Gigabyte's GA-X58A-UD7 appears to be the best choice for our particular needs.
You can read the complete Tom's Hardware's System Builder Marathon guide HERE
I can't wait to see what he's going to do with the new 890GX based Gigabyte board. "Keep pushing it" is the famous line I believe heh. I hear they aren't too shabby in RAM OC department ;);)
SuperTalent is known for high-speed storage and memory products, and their USB 3.0 offerings are no different. The RAIDDrive USB 3.0 caused quite a stir at IDF 2009 and other events back when USB 3.0 was first being discussed. Well now it is the newest addition to the USB3motherboard.com website.
Here's a picture taken during CeBIT 2010 that shows just how small it is.
However, the key feature is not it's size, but rather read speeds in excess of 300MB/s. I witnessed this at their CeBIT booth two weeks ago and they have published some real performance figures here. More information is available from their website.
We just released our annual PC DIY Guidebook that shows novice PC enthusiasts how to build their own PC. It is written in simple, easy to understand style with loads of pictures and explanations. This year we decided to publish the usual print versions in multiple languages on top of an online version that can be used on a mobile phone or netbook/notebook PC.
This guide can be used by educational and social institutions without requiring permission from Gigabyte and we are happy to receive any constructive criticism and requests (via this blog) that will help improve future versions.
There is an interesting article on Digitimes that quotes industry watcher's speculation about motherboard shipments from the top two mobo makers in the world: GIGABYTE and Asus. According to the article both brands achieved well over 3 million units shipped in the first two months of 2010 and are targeting 5 million units by the end of Q1, 2010.
The significance of this is that Gigabyte's mobo shipments are seen to be growing and as a result, the author expects Asus to drop it's prices and reshuffle staff in their mobo business unit. There is some speculation that this could result in a price war.
I wonder how this will affect the quality of motherboards produced by both brands and in particular regarding the onboard components used. Gigabyte of course uses the best quality chokes, capacitors, MOSFETs and 2 oz copper PCBs – more details are available here.
US overclocker chew*, Brian Mclachlan, recently put the latest Gigabyte 890GPA-UD3H to the test and took all the world records for the new IGP from 3DMARK01 to Vantage.
GA-890GPA-UD3H is the latest AMD 890GX chipset based motherboard form Gigabyte with USB3.0, SATA3 and support for the new 6 core AMD CPUs. It's nice to see XS's AMD Guru having a great time overclocking the latest board.
Looks like he is having a ball :). If you would like to read more about this check out his thread on XS.
TheOverclocker issue 9 is out and is as entertaining as ever with an interview with Harshall Tank, India's No. 1 overclocker, Deanzo, New Zealand's No. 1 overclocker and a mammoth article about the efficiency of high-end motherboard CPU power circuitry.
What makes this mag unique is it's print mag quality editorial combined with free online availability and an easy to use page turning and one click zoom function. A must read for any PC enthusiast.
Using an AMD PhenomII x2 555 & GIGABYTE GA-890GPA-UD3H, team HK-Centralfield are first to reach 7G, with 7000.14 mhz!
The folks over at HWBOT are helping us to run an Intel H55/H57 IGP overclocking competition this month with the top prize a GIGABYTE GA-X58A-UD7 motherboard.
The Challenge:
Using any GIGABYTE H55/H57 motherboard, submit to HWBOT your3DMark Vantage performance score in March and the highest posted scorer at the end of the competition will get to take home a shiny new GIGABYTE GA-X58A-UD7 motherboard. There is a second prize category as well for anyone submitting a score with HWBOT with an included picture of their system. A single winner will be randomly selected from the submissions (only those with platform picture) at the end of the competition to win a GA-P55A-UD7. Good luck everyone, now get busy breaking some records!
To see the complete contest rules, head over to HWBOT and start submitting your scores!
GIGABYTE H55/H57 IGP OC Challenge.
Check it out here guys (page 12-33): THE OVERCLOCKER MAG
Some quotes from the article:
"Gigabyte puts "durable" in the name of the motherboard and has designed its systems for higher efficiency to keep temperatures down. At 24 phases, the Gigabyte EX58A-UD7 had the highest efficiency at overclocked current levels of 100A and above"
"The better performing boards, the Gigabyte EX58A-UD7, EVGA Classified 760 and ASUS II Rampage Extreme were more stable when overclocking, allowing for higher speeds.
The best overclocking board, the Gigabyte EX58A-UD5 turned out to be more stable with our processor at the highest speed measured, allowing for a 4.426GHz clock with air cooling. Overall, this board had a good showing in the transient testing, one of the highest efficiencies over the whole useful range, and gave the best overclocking results, so it is the clear winner of this test."
Gigabyte has just announced that another top Japanese brand has a an external USB 3.0 drive that is certified to run on Gigabyte motherboards. The IO Data HDJ-UT is listed on the USB3motherboard.com website.
It's the M1405 and as you can see it is connected to 3 +1 monitors. Here are some of the specs and features that impress:
1. All 4 screens extend your PC's desktop or they can also display the same images if you set that option. This is cool if you're doing research and want to cut and paste from various web pages into a power point document. It is also cool if you're monitoring different facebook accounts (in different browsers) on various monitors.
Here's the HDMI out port on the right side of the notebook.
Here's the DSUB VGA out on the back of the docking station. You can also see the LAN and 4 USB 2.0 ports.
Here's the DVI out port on the left side of the docking station.
2. ON the above picture you can also see that the DVD ROM can be replaced with an additional 4 cell battery. The system comes with a 6 cell battery, so together that provides around 10 hours of battery life. A very nice option indeed!
3. The docking station also has NVIDIA GT220 graphics so you can play games while it's docked.
4. The built in screen is a 14 inch LCD (1366x768)
5. The rick click button illuminates the system LEDs when it is turned off so you can see how much battery life is left without having to start up the system.
6. GIGABYTE apparently provides a software option that allows you to overclock the CPU by up to 30%.
There will apparently be a version with USB 3.0 in Q3 some time.
I'm sure there's more, but these are the options that sparked my interest.
Edit: Here's a picture of the spec card:
Wondering around the Gigabyte booth I found this interesting hand held electronic book reader.
It reminds me of an Amazon Kindle. Here are some close ups:
At every tradeshow we attend Gigabyte displays a motherboard wall that tells you a lot about what models and technologies are the focus at that specific time. Here are some pictures of our motherboard wall at CeBIT 2010.
If you haven't guessed it by now, every motherboard on the wall has USB 3.0! Only Gigabyte can claim this at CeBIT 2010!
Storage Powerhouse GA-890GPA-UD3H Features Native SATA 3.0 (6Gbps), USB 3.0 and USB 3x Power Boost.
AMD's roadmap is heating up with the launch of their latest 6 core CPUs and their 800 Series platform, including the AMD 890GX North Bridge and all new SB850 South Bridge. In addition to the graphics boost of the new ATI Radeon™ HD 4290 integrated in the 890GX, the updated SB850 South Bridge is the industry's first solution that offers native SATA 3.0 support with RAID 0,1,5 and 10 capabilities.
The GIGABYTE GA-890GPA-UD3H takes maximum advantage of this new platform, and has a quite a few unique features of its own.
"Giving users power over their high definition content is really at the heart of what the GIGABYTE GA-890GPA-UD3H is all about," commented Tim Handley, Deputy Director of Motherboard Marketing at GIGABYTE Technology Co. Ltd. "Not only does the GA-890GPA-UD3H deliver the industry's highest performing integrated graphics solution with flawless HD video playback, but enabling SATA 6 Gbps with RAID functionality, USB 3.0 support and GIGABYTE 3x Power Boost means that users are able to spend less time waiting for their content to transfer, and more time to actually enjoy it."
See the press release HERE
The Tech Report just published their March 2010 system guide with GIGABYTE motherboards earning 4 of the coveted top recommendations.
Double Stuff Workstation – GA-X58A-UD3R
The Sweet Spot – GA-P55A-UD4P
The Utility Player – GA-P55A-UD3
Econobox – GA-770TA-UD3
The Sweeter Spot
Indulgence without excess
"Why not pick an Asus motherboard? In this price range, too, Asus has a more expensive offering with little going for it besides the brand name. The $190 P7P55D-E Pro has similar functionality to the Gigabyte board, but with just one eSATA port, one FireWire port, and one Gigabit Ethernet controller, we don't think the Asus is worth the extra scratch."
To read the full March 2010 System Guide, please visit: TR's March 2010 system guide


text:
Epidemic - Angels [Unsigned Hype]
Epidemic is a hispanic lyricist from Miami whose
music is a unique blend between meaningful substance
crossed with street conscious content. Download his
mixtape "2nd Exposure" for free at
! Twitter: @Epidemic305 FB : Facebook.com/Epidemic305
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


text:
Healthcare Industry News: surgical sealant
News Release - February 15, 2013
Cohera Medical, Inc.(R) Raises $17 Million in Series D RoundMajor milestones and industry accolades fuels investor confidence
PITTSBURGH, Feb. 15, 2013 -- (Healthcare Sales & Marketing Network) -- Cohera Medical, Inc.�, a leading innovator and developer of absorbable surgical adhesives and sealants, announced today that it has secured $17 million towards Series D financing through private investors. The milestone comes from raising an additional $7.3 million in the Company's latest offering, in addition to the $9.7 million raised in 2012.
Additionally, the funds raised will support the first No-Drain Clinical Study for TissuGlu in the United States, which was approved by the FDA late last year. Cohera also plans to begin human clinical trials in Europe for its Sylys� surgical sealant, designed to help surgeons performing colorectal procedures reduce anastomotic leakage. Such leakage is considered the most serious complication of bowel repair, causing one third of mortalities occurring after colorectal surgery.
"Cohera Medical has assembled world-class plastic and reconstructive surgeons who are using TissuGlu on their patients for more natural healing and faster recovery. The innovative technology that has made TissuGlu so successful illustrates the potential impact that its Sylys product will have in the investor community, another first-of-its-kind product in a billion dollar industry," John C. Kern, Founder and General Partner of Kern Whelan Capital, LLC, and Manager of Kern Medical IV.
"This funding milestone is instrumental, as we begin the No Drain Clinical Trial for TissuGlu in the United States and start human clinical trials of our Sylys product," said Patrick Daly, President and CEO of Cohera Medical. "Our products have the potential to revolutionize how patients recover from many types of large flap procedures. From abdominoplasties and mastectomies to lymph node dissection in cancer patients and bowel procedures, our adhesive and sealant technologies will transform patient experiences."
Currently, most patients who undergo abdominoplasty procedures and other large flap procedures require the insertion of drains to remove fluids that accumulate under the skin at the surgical site. In some cases, drainage is inadequate and the excess fluid accumulation (seroma) requires additional procedures for removal. The drains are often painful for the patient and can lead to infection and impact the recovery process.
TissuGlu adheres the tissue flap created during the procedure to the underlying tissue, helping to reduce the fluid that can accumulate in the space during healing and ultimately reducing the need for postoperative drains to remove the fluid. The ability to perform the procedure without drains would lead to a more comfortable recovery and a quicker return to normal activity for patients.
Cohera Medical received CE Marking approval for TissuGlu and began selling product to hospitals and surgeons in Germany in September 2011. An earlier no-drain study of 30 patients was successfully completed in Germany in July 2012. In the U.S., Cohera recently completed enrollment of a clinical trial for TissuGlu. TissuGlu has been used successfully in over 600 various surgical procedures by leading surgeons.
About Cohera Medical
Cohera Medical, Inc.� is a leading innovator and developer of absorbable surgical adhesives and sealants. The Company's first product, TissuGlu� Surgical Adhesive, is an internal surgical adhesive for large flap surgeries, such as abdominoplasty (tummy tuck), that eliminates or reduces fluid accumulation and the need for post surgical drains. TissuGlu's chemical composition is resorbable, non-toxic, forms a strong bond between tissue layers and allows for natural healing, which ultimately may enable faster recovery. TissuGlu has received CE Marking approval to be sold in the European Union (EU). Cohera Medical is also developing a unique and proprietary bowel sealant, and a strong adhesive for mesh fixation. Outside of the EU, TissuGlu and the other Cohera products are currently indicated for investigational use only and have not yet been approved for medical use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the U.S. or in any other market. For more information, visit www.coheramed.com.
Certain statements made throughout this press release that are not historical facts contain forward-looking statements regarding the Company's future plans, objectives and expected performance. Any such forward-looking statements are based on assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable, but are subject to a wide range of risks and uncertainties and, therefore, there can be no assurance that actual results may not differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.
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Too many Folgers commercials...
Anyway, I have a few restrictions I am choosing to impose, however.
- Although I will review for the first five people who ask for one, regardless of who they are, I would prefer that the requesters be relatively new at this. I hate to review vids that already have a bunch of reviews and are already well-known and respected, because I have nothing to say that hasn't been said before. I also like to help people in what little way that I can. So, I would like for the people who ask for reviews to be somewhat new.
- I sometimes have trouble with playing RealMedia format videos, so I must refuse to download those. I have no trouble with WMM or Quicktime, however, the usual AVI or MPG is the MUCH preferred format.
- The video MUST be available for download somewhat reliably. If it is not up somewhere, please do not ask me to review it. I don't care if it's Angelfire, or if you want to transfer it via AIM (although that does not work very well for me 9 times out of 10), I just don't want someone asking me to wait a week while he/she finds a hosting site.
I may not get the review posted immediately, but I will do it.
Good luck. Remember, it's only the first 5 people who get the review. After that, I'm sorry, but I must refuse. (I don't want a 20 video backlog sitting around waiting for me to write a review.)


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Steve Watson
Thursday, May 20th, 2010
Related: The Establishment Is In Full Blown Panic Over Rand Paul
Following his huge grass roots victory in the Kentucky primary, the establishment on both sides of the phony political paradigm have instituted a desperate and sustained smear campaign against would be Senator Rand Paul.
Neocons have uniformly attacked Paul as "weak on defense" because he does not support the illegal interventionist wars of aggression against Iraq and Afghanistan, which have cost trillions in taxpayer dollars to finance.
And while some neocons have attacked Paul as too overtly Libertarian, establishment neolibs are attacking him for not being Libertarian enough! The primary reasons being because, as a medical doctor, he is against abortion and, secondly, he has yet to express an opinion on gay marriage.
By far the most ridiculous, conniving and abhorrent political attack, however, was put together by MSNBC host Rachel Maddow, who set aside a 20 minute segment of her show to attempt to convince her viewers that Rand Paul was in favour of racial segregation, as if he is some kind of klan member.
The talking point stemmed from an interview earlier in the day that Rand Paul had conducted with NPR, in addition to another previous interview with the Louisville Courier-Journal when Dr Paul was asked his views on the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
In both instances, Paul stressed that he abhorred all forms of racism and discrimination and that he broadly supported the legislation which he sees a major development in American history. Sticking to his Libertarian and constitutional principles, Paul added a caveat that he felt where private businesses are concerned, the issue becomes more of a philosophical debate regarding the first amendment and how far the federal government should be involved in limiting free speech.
It was this comment that Maddow pounced upon as the centre piece of her attack.
In a blatant bait and switch tactic, Maddow proudly introduced Paul as the man who used her show as the venue to announce his decision to run for Senate last year. She then launched into Paul for fifteen solid minutes, continually asking the same question:
"Do you think that a private business has a right to say that 'We don't serve black people?'"
"How about desegregating lunch counters?"
"Should Woolworths lunch counters have been allowed to stay segregated? Sir, just yes or no?"
In a situation where many would have faltered and backed away, to his credit, Rand Paul continued to explain his stance in a calm and measured way, noting that seeking government intervention in every instance does not jive with the Constitution.
"I'm not in favor of any discrimination of any form," Paul replied. "I would never belong to any club that excluded anybody for race. We still do have private clubs in America that can discriminate based on race.
"I think what's important in this debate is not getting into any specific "gotcha" on this, but asking the question 'What about freedom of speech?'" Paul continued.
"Should we limit speech from people we find abhorrent? Should we limit racists from speaking? I don't want to be associated with those people, but I also don't want to limit their speech in any way in the sense that we tolerate boorish and uncivilized behavior because that's one of the things that freedom requires is that we allow people to be boorish and uncivilized, but that doesn't mean we approve of it."
Paul explained that in his eyes the issue was an intellectual debate, noting that "It's really tough to have an intellectual debate in the political sense because what happens is it gets dumbed down. It will get dumb down to three words and they'll try to run on this entire issue, and it's being brought up as a political issue."
"Does the owner of the restaurant own his restaurant? Or does the government own his restaurant? These are important philosophical debates but not a very practical discussion." Paul added.
Regardless of Paul's refusal to water down his belief in the value of the first amendment to appease MSNBC viewers, and ludicrously acting as if she was somehow championing Paul, by intimating she was preparing him for more debates along these lines, Maddow continued along the same path:
"I think wanting to allow private businesses to discriminate along the basis of race because of property rights is an extreme view, and I think that is going to be the focus nationally on your candidacy now." she stated while making sardonic facial gestures as if she were in pain at just discovering that Rand Paul was secretly a marauding white supremacist.
Paul fired back, once again putting the issue firmly into context so that other establishment mouthpieces could not misuse portions of his comments to push the same talking point:
"I think what you have done is bring up something that is really not an issue. It's nothing I have ever spoken about or have any indication that I am interested in any legislation concerning. So what you bring up is sort of a red herring or something you want to pit. It is a political point, it is brought up as an attack weapon from the other side, and that's the way it'll be used. But I think a lot of times these attacks fall back on themselves, and I don't think it'll have any effect because the thing is is that every fibre of my being doesn't believe in discrimination, doesn't believe that we should have that in our society, and to imply otherwise is just dishonest."
watch the video (a full transcript follows this article):
Visit msnbc.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy
Following the Maddow show, MSNBC continued the attack through Joe "I'm a conservative – honest I am" Scarborough, who outright stated that Rand Paul believed private businesses should operate policies of racial segregation:
While Scarborough upped the ante throughout the morning, Rand Paul simply reiterated his comments in an interview with conservative talk-show host Laura Ingraham.
Like feeding mogwai after midnight in the movie Gremlins, Maddow's hitpiece has spawned many more gremlin blogs taking pot shots at Rand Paul throughout the day.
We have seen these kind of attacks before on Congressman Ron Paul, Rand's father. They are baseless and devoid of any truth whatsoever. Plain and simple – they do not work because the American people see straight through them and recognise them as barrel scraping desperation on behalf of the establishment.
This is borne out by the fact that Ron Paul's Campaign For Liberty is stronger than ever and attracting more grass roots support with every passing day. No matter to the establishment media, as they continue the relentless, ridiculous and infantile attempt to convince you that the grass roots backlash against incumbents is all based on indentured racism.
Prior to his emphatic victory, Rand Paul's desperate opponent for the GOP Senate nomination in Kentucky, Trey Grayson, ran ads that loosely questioned his sanity. The ads depicted Dr. Paul's face encircled by Looney Tunes-like rings, as an announcer described "Rand's world" as "wild, wacky and dangerous."
Such unrefined smear tactics demonstrate how out of touch with reality the establishment is in it's belief that the American voting public can be swayed by political propaganda and spin. In reality voters find such activity repulsive and intelligence insulting.
Maddow should take a good long look at herself in light of what she has attempted to do, which is take one of the most upstanding, respectable and constitutionally sound politicians you will ever find and paint him up as some kind of crazy extreme racist.
If Maddow wants to continually take the moral high ground in such philosophical debates, she should really think about doing it somewhere other than MSNBC, which is 80% owned by General Electric, owned and operated by General Dynamics, whose primary business comes from supplying arms and weapons systems to the US government and its international allies.
Judgements of character emanating from the belly of the global military industrial complex, particularly on issues of human equality and social harmony, sound resoundingly hollow.
Rand Paul does not fit into the establishment's treasured political control framework. That is why he frightens them to death and why the attempted character assassinations will no doubt continue right up to the point Paul is elected into the Senate and then beyond.
Full transcript of Rand Paul's interview with Rachel Maddow
PAUL: Thank you, Rachel, and thank you for that wonderful intro piece, quite a collection.
MADDOW: I know this must feel like frying pan and into the fire here, so soon after the election with really being the focus of this national storm right now. Everybody is trying to figure out what you meant by these things. But let's talk about it.
PAUL: Yes.
MADDOW: Was "The Courier-Journal" right? Do you believe that private business people should be able to decide whether they want to serve black people or gays or any other minority group, as they said?
PAUL: Well, I think to put things in perspective, when "The Courier-Journal" does not endorse a Republican, that's not something very unusual in our state. They typically don't endorse Republicans, and it's a very Democratic paper.
But with regard to racism, I don`t believe in any racism. I don`t think we should have any government racism, any institutional form of racism. You know, one interesting historical tidbit, one of my favorite historical characters is William Lloyd Garrison. And one of the interesting things about desegregation and putting people together, do you know when it happened in Boston?
MADDOW: What do you mean, the desegregation? In general?
PAUL: You know when we got — you know, when we got rid of the Jim Crow laws and when we got rid of segregation and a lot of the abhorrent practices in the South, do you know when we got rid of it in Boston?
MADDOW: I — why don't you tell me what you`re getting at?
PAUL: Well, it was in 1840. So I think it is sort of a stain on the history of America that 120 years to desegregate the South.
But William Lloyd Garrison was a champion and abolitionist who wrote about freeing the slaves back in the 1810s, '20s and '30s and labored in obscurity (ph) to do this. He was flagged, put in jails. He was with Frederick Douglass being thrown off trains.
But, you know, they desegregated transportation in Boston in 1840, and I think that was an impressive and amazing thing. But also points out the sadness that it took us 120 years to desegregate the South. And a lot of that was institutional racism was absolutely wrong and something that I absolutely oppose.
MADDOW: In terms of legal remedies for persistent discrimination, though, if there was a private business, say, in Louisville, say, somewhere in your home state, that wanted to not serve black patrons and wanted to not serve gay patrons, or somebody else on the basis of their — on the basis of a characteristic that they decided they didn't like as a private business owner — would you think they had a legal right to do so, to put up a "blacks not served here" sign?
PAUL: Well, the interesting thing is, you know, you look back to the 1950s and 1960s at the problems we faced. There were incredible problems. You know, the problems had to do with mostly voting, they had to do with schools, they had to do with public housing. And so, this is what the civil rights largely addressed, and all things that I largely agree with.
MADDOW: But what about private businesses? I mean, I hate to — I don`t want to be badgering you on this, but I do want an answer.
PAUL: I'm not — I'm not –
MADDOW: Do you think that a private business has the right to say we don't serve black people?
PAUL: Yes. I'm not in favor of any discrimination of any form. I would never belong to any club that excluded anybody for race. We still do have private clubs in America that can discriminate based on race.
- A d v e r t i s e m e n t
- {openx:49}
But I think what's important about this debate is not written into any specific "gotcha" on this, but asking the question: what about freedom of speech? Should we limit speech from people we find abhorrent? Should we limit racists from speaking?
I don't want to be associated with those people, but I also don't want to limit their speech in any way in the sense that we tolerate boorish and uncivilized behavior because that's one of the things freedom requires is that we allow people to be boorish and uncivilized, but that doesn't mean we approve of it. I think the problem with this debate is by getting muddled down into it, the implication is somehow that I would approve of any racism or discrimination, and I don't in any form or fashion.
MADDOW: But isn't being in favor of civil rights but against the Civil Rights Act a little like saying you're against high cholesterol but you're in favor of fried cheese?
PAUL: But I'm not against –
MADDOW: I mean, the Civil Rights Act was the federal government stepping in to protect civil rights because they weren't otherwise being protected. It wasn't a hypothetical. There were businesses that were saying black people cannot be served here and the federal government stepped in and said, no, you actually don't have that choice to make. The federal government is coming in and saying you can't make that choice as a business owner.
Which side of that debate would you put yourself on?
PAUL: In the totality of it, I'm in favor of the federal government being involved in civil rights and that's, you know, mostly what the Civil Rights Act was about. And that was ending institutional racism.
MADDOW: When you –
PAUL: And I'm in favor of — I'm opposed to any form of governmental racism or discrimination or segregation, all of the things we fought in the South, in fact, like I say, I think it's a stain on our history that we went 120 years from when the North desegregated and when those battles were fought in the North. And I like to think that, you know, even though I was a year old at the time, that I would have marched with Martin Luther King because I believed in what he was doing.
MADDOW: But if you were in the –
PAUL: But, you know, most of the things he was fighting — most of the things he –
MADDOW: I`m sorry to interrupt you. Go on, sir.
PAUL: Most of the things he were fighting — most of the things that he was fighting were laws. He was fighting Jim Crow laws. He was fighting legalized and institutional racism. And I'd be right there with him.
MADDOW: But maybe voting against the Civil Rights Act which wasn't just about governmental discrimination but public accommodations, the idea that people who provided services that were open to the public had to do so in a nondiscriminatory fashion.
Let me ask you a specific so we don't get into the esoteric hypotheticals here.
PAUL: Well, there's 10 — there's 10 different — there's 10 different titles, you know, to the Civil Rights Act, and nine out of 10 deal with public institutions. And I'm absolutely in favor of one deals with private institutions, and had I been around, I would have tried to modify that.
But you know, the other thing about legislation — and this is why it's a little hard to say exactly where you are sometimes, is that when you support nine out of 10 things in a good piece of legislation, do you vote for it or against it? And I think, sometimes, those are difficult situations.
What I was asked by "The Courier-Journal" and I stick by it is that I do defend and believe that the government should not be involved with institutional racism or discrimination or segregation in schools, busing, all those things. But had I been there, there would have been some discussion over one of the titles of the civil rights.
And I think that's a valid point, and still a valid discussion, because the thing is, is if we want to harbor in on private businesses and their policies, then you have to have the discussion about: do you want to abridge the First Amendment as well. Do you want to say that because people say abhorrent things — you know, we still have this. We're having all this debate over hate speech and this and that. Can you have a newspaper and say abhorrent things? Can you march in a parade and believe in abhorrent things, you know?
So, I think it's an important debate but should be intellectual one. It's really tough to have an intellectual debate in the political sense because what happens is it gets dumbed down. It will get dumb down to three words and they'll try to run on this entire issue, and it's being brought up as a political issue.
I think if you listen to me, I think you should understand that — I think you do, I think you're an intelligent person. I like being on your show. But I think that what is the totality of what I'm saying — am I a bad person? Do I believe in awful things? No.
I really think that discrimination and racism is a horrible thing. And I don't want any form of it in our government, in our public sphere.
MADDOW: The reason that this is something that I'm not letting go even though I now realize it would make the conversation more comfortable to move on to other things and I think this is going to be a focus for national attention on you, I guess until there's at least clarity on it, is that issue of the tenth, not the nine, but the tenth out of the 10 portions — proportions of the — the tenth of the Civil Rights Act that you would want to have discussions about. As I understand it, what you`re saying, that's the portion of the Civil Rights Act that said you can't actually have segregated lunch counters here at your private business.
I mean, when Bob Jones University in the year 2000 –
PAUL: Well, it's interesting. Actually, it's even –
MADDOW: Hold on just one second. Until the year 2000, Bob Jones University, a private institution, had a ban on interracial dating at their school, their private institution. If Bob Jones University wanted to bring that back now, would you support their right to do so?
PAUL: Well, I think it's interesting because the debate involves more than just that, because the debate also involves a lot of court cases with regard to the commerce clause. For example, right now, many states and many gun organizations are saying they have a right to carry a gun in a public restaurant because a public restaurant is not a private restaurant. Therefore, they have a right to carry their gun in there and that the restaurant has no right to have rules to their restaurant.
So, you see how this could be turned on many liberal observers who want to excoriate me on this. Then to be consistent, they'd have to say, oh, well, yes, absolutely, you've got your right to carry your gun anywhere because it's a public place.
So, you see, when you blur the distinction between public and private, there are problems. When you blur the distinction between public and private ownership, there really is a problem. A lot of this was settled a long time ago and isn't being debated anymore.
MADDOW: But it could be brought up at any moment. I mean, if there – – let's say there's a town right now and the owner of the town's swimming club says we're not going to allow black kids at our pool, and the owner of the bowling alley in town says, we're not actually going to allow black patrons, and the owner of the skating rink in town says, we're not going to allow black people to skate here.
And you may think that's abhorrent and you may think that's bad business. But unless it's illegal, there's nothing to stop that — there's nothing under your world view to stop the country from re-segregating like we were before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 –
PAUL: Right.
MADDOW: — which you're saying you've got some issues with.
PAUL: Well, the interesting thing is, is that there's nothing right now to prevent a lot of re-segregating. We had a lot of it over the last 30 or 40 years.
What I would say is that we did some very important things in the '60s that I'm all in favor of and that was desegregating the schools, desegregating public transportation, use public roads and public monopolies, desegregating public water fountains.
MADDOW: How about desegregating lunch counters? Lunch counters. Walgreen's lunch counters, were you in favor of that? Possibly? Because the government got involved?
PAUL: Right. Well, what it gets into is, is that then if you decide that restaurants are publicly owned and not privately owned, then do you say that you should have the right to bring your gun into a restaurant, even though the owner of the restaurant says, well, no, we don't want to have guns in here.
The bar says we don't want to have guns in here, because people might drink and start fighting and shoot each other. Does the owner of the restaurant own his restaurant? Or does the government own his restaurant?
These are important philosophical debates but not very practical discussion. And I think we can make something out of this –
MADDOW: Well, it's pretty practical to people who were — had their life nearly beaten out of them trying to desegregate Walgreen's lunch counters despite these esoteric debates about gun ownership. This is not a hypothetical, Dr. Paul.
PAUL: Yes, but I — yes. Well, but I think what you`re doing, Rachel, is you're conflating the issue.
MADDOW: No.
PAUL: You're saying that somehow this abstract discussion of private property has any bit of condoning for violence. This — there's nothing in what I'm saying that condones any violence and any kind of violence like that deserves to be put — people like that deserve to be put in jail. So nobody's condoning any of that.
MADDOW: Well, I understand that you're not condoning violence, but the people who were beating for trying to desegregate Woolworth`s lunch counters weren't asking to be beaten. They're asking –
PAUL: Those people should have gone –
MADDOW: — for private businesses to be desegregated by the government. You're saying those people should have gone to different places? Left them segregated?
PAUL: People who commit — people who commit violence on other individuals should go to prison and go to jail. And there's nothing we should ever do to condone violence on other individuals.
MADDOW: And should Woolworth lunch counter should have been allowed to stay segregated? Sir, just yes or no.
PAUL: What I think would happen — what I'm saying is, is that I don't believe in any discrimination. I don't believe in any private property should discriminate either. And I wouldn't attend, wouldn't support, wouldn't go to.
But what you have to answer when you answer this point of view, which is an abstract, obscure conversation from 1964 that you want to bring up. But if you want to answer, you have to say then that you decide the rules for all restaurants and then you decide that you want to allow them to carry weapons into restaurants.
MADDOW: I can — we could have a fight about the Second Amendment.
MADDOW: But I think wanting to allow private industry — private businesses –
PAUL: It's the same fight. It's the same fight.
MADDOW: — to discriminate along the basis of race because of property rights is an extreme view and I think that's going to be the focus nationally on your candidacy now and you're going to have a lot more debates like this. So, I hope you don't hold it against me for bringing it up. I think this is going to be a continuing discussion for a long time, Dr. Paul.
PAUL: Well, I think what you've done is you bring up something that really is not an issue, nothing I've ever spoken about or have any indication that I`m interested in any legislation concerning. So, what you bring up is sort of a red herring or something that you want to pit. It's a political ploy. I mean, it's brought up as an attack weapon from the other side, and that's the way it will be used.
But, you know, I think a lot of times these attacks fall back on themselves, and I don't think it will have any effect because the thing is, is that every fiber of my being doesn't believe in discrimination, doesn't believe that we should have that in our society. And to imply otherwise is just dishonest.
MADDOW: Dr. Rand Paul, Republican nominee for the United States Senate in Kentucky, where he'll be representing not only his own views about how to live but what kind of laws we should have in America, sir, I enjoy talking with these things about you. I couldn't disagree with you more about this issue, but I do respect you for coming on the show, and for being able to have this civil discussion about it. Thank you.
PAUL: Thank you, Rachel.
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A plan to raise the dividend tax rate to 20% for households earning more than $250,000 will have negative consequences for the middle class, according to a new study from Ernst & Young.
The study finds that filed 68% of all tax returns with dividend income in 2009 (the latest year for which data is available) were filed by consumers earning less than $100,000 per year.
According to the report, the Senate Democrats' plan to shift the tax burden onto upper-income wage earners will likely cause them to shift their investments—here and abroad—to those that are taxed at lower rates. This in turn will likely cause dividend-paying companies to reduce the size of their quarterly dividend checks.
In addition, the report claims that with investors selling dividend-paying stocks, the values of those stocks will likely fall. And because the market is forward-looking, the stock prices will likely drop sooner rather than later. This will be another hit for the typical investor who holds dividend-paying stocks, either directly or indirectly through retirement plans or other mutual funds.
"One other thing it will do is reduce the value of all [dividend-paying] stocks by the amount of the tax increase, which would be a couple of trillion dollars," says Charles Biderman, founder and CEO of the research firm TrimTabs. "This will affect anyone who has a pension, 401(k) or other retirement plan invested in stocks. Income is still off by about 10% across the board since 2007. How you boost after-tax income by boosting taxes is beyond me."
The current 15% tax rate on dividends and capital gains is set to expire on Dec. 31. The plan by the Democrats in the Senate is one approach to extend them. The Obama administration has proposed allowing the top tax rate on dividends to rise as high as 39.6% for those earning more than $250,000. The House is expected to hold a vote in early August to extend today's tax rate for all investors.


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