text:
Medical experts say "210,000 people could die from alcohol abuse in next 20 years", according to the Daily Mirror.
Several other newspapers have highlighted the estimate, based on the latest alcohol-related harm statistics released from the UK's Office of National Statistics. These figures show that there were 6,317 alcohol-related liver deaths in 2010, slightly up from 2009. Based on this data, researchers calculated the future toll of drinking and estimated that there could be up to 210,000 preventable alcohol-related deaths over the course of the next 20 years.
However, the researchers' projections varied quite widely. Their report stated that the death rate seen in coming years will depend on the effectiveness of government policies designed to tackle problem-drinking. They added that it is "within the power of the UK government to prevent the worst-case scenario of avoidable deaths", and discussed implementing a minimum price per unit of alcohol.
The BBC and other media covered this story accurately.
Where have the current reports come from?
In 2011 The Lancet published an article containing projections of alcohol-related liver deaths in England and Wales, and now doctors have published updated projections of the number of drink-related liver deaths expected to occur over the next 20 years. These latest projections were made using alcohol-related harm statistics released by the UK's Office of National Statistics (ONS) in January 2012. Today's article, published online, was written by experts from University Hospital Southampton, the University of Liverpool and Nottingham University Hospital.
Although alcohol-related liver deaths fell from 6,470 in 2008 to 6,230 in 2009, they began increasing again in 2010, up to 6,317 in total. Based on available data, the expert team produced a range of estimates looking at the potential death toll in years to come, factoring in how interventions such as government policy changes could prevent deaths.
In the best possible scenario, alcohol-related liver deaths, which account for approximately one quarter of alcohol-related deaths, would gradually fall to 2,500 a year over the next 20 years. This is the same number of alcohol-related liver deaths a year currently seen in the Netherlands, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand and Norway. In this "best-scenario" case, there would be an estimated 73,000 alcohol-related liver deaths over the coming 20 years. However, if alcohol policy in England and Wales was to remain the same, the experts predict that alcohol-related liver deaths would be nearly twice as high over the same period, with 143,000 deaths in total.
The experts say that the difference between the two scenarios is due to 70,000 "avoidable deaths". This is a moderate improvement from the projection of 77,000 avoidable alcohol-related liver deaths presented in last year's study.
When the researchers considered alcohol-related deaths from all causes, they estimated that the number of avoidable deaths expected over the next 20 years has actually fallen from last year's projections, from 250,000 down to 210,000. The experts suggested that this fall in the number of alcohol-related deaths may be due to alcohol sales having been curbed during the recession, but added that alcohol policy in England and Wales still needs to be amended to prevent these avoidable alcohol-related deaths. They discussed the possibility of bringing in a minimum price per unit of alcohol. This policy has been put forward by Scotland as a bill to debate in its parliament, with Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland considering following suit. England is due to publish a new alcohol strategy in 2012.
How will alcohol cause these deaths?
Alcohol consumption can contribute to acute (sudden) deaths, such as from accidents, violence and suicide. It can also contribute to the development of potentially fatal chronic diseases, including liver disease, hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular disease and cancers of the breast and gastrointestinal tract. Deaths due to alcohol-related liver disease are reported to account for approximately one quarter of all alcohol-related deaths.
Who is at risk?
In the UK, the peak age bracket for alcohol-related deaths is 45 to 65, and alcohol is a contributing factor in over a quarter of all deaths in men aged 16 to 24 years.
There is no "safe" limit for drinking, but risk can be reduced by drinking no more than two to three units a day for women, or three to four units for men. Regularly exceeding these limits increases the risk of certain chronic diseases and alcohol-related problems, including fatigue, depression, weight gain and poor sleep. The more the recommended limits are exceeded, the greater the risk to your health.
How much do we drink in the UK?
The NHS Information Centre (NHSIC) statistics for England found that in 2009 the average weekly consumption of alcohol was 16.4 units for men and 8 units for women, with 26% of men reporting drinking more than 21 units in an average week and 18% of women reporting drinking more than 14 units.
To put this into context, there are:
- 3 units in a pint of high-strength lager (strength 5.2%)
- 2 units in a standard can of lager, beer or cider (strength 5%)
- 2.1 units in a standard glass of wine (175ml, strength 12%)
- 1 unit in a small measure of spirits (25ml, strength 40%)
See our page on alcohol units for more information.
How much should I be drinking?
The NHS and Department of Health (DH) advise that:
- Adult women should not regularly drink more than two to three units of alcohol a day.
- Adult men should not regularly drink more than three to four units of alcohol a day.
"Regularly" means drinking on most days of the week or on every day of the week. The DH also advises taking a 48-hour break from alcohol after a heavy drinking session to allow your body to recover.
NICE recommends that pregnant women should avoid drinking alcohol during the first three months of pregnancy as drinking may increase the risk of miscarriage. If a woman does choose to drink during pregnancy, it's important not to drink more than one to two units, once or twice a week (while there is no certainty of a "safe" level of alcohol consumption, at this low level there is currently no evidence of harm to the unborn baby). Binge-drinking in pregnancy (7.5 units or more on a single occasion) may be harmful to the unborn baby and should be avoided.
Analysis by Bazian
Edited by NHS Website
Links to the headlines
Alcohol abuse 'to kill 200,000 people in 20 years' - but deaths are preventable
Metro, 20 February 2012
210,000 people face alcohol death risk, warn doctors
BBC News, 20 February 2012
Drinking will kill 210,000 in next 20 years unless we outlaw cheap booze, senior doctors warn
Daily Mail, 20 February 2012
210,000 people could die from alcohol abuse in next 20 years
Daily Mirror, 20 February 2012
Links to the science
Sheron N, Gilmore I, Parsons C et al.
Projections of alcohol-related deaths in England and Wales – tragic toll or potential prize?
The Lancet, Early Online Publication, February 20 2012
Further reading
Office for National Statistics:
Alcohol-related deaths in the United Kingdom, 2010
January 26 2012
NHS Information Centre:
Statistics on Alcohol: England 2011
May 26 2011


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Ariana Grande Explains the Making of Her Hit 'Problem'
Ariana Grande is smashing records with her latest single, 'Problem,' a hit that was a long time in the making for the actress-turned-singer.
The 20-year-old began her career on Nickelodeon's 2010 comedy hit 'Victorious,' where she played the red-haired Cat Valentine. Her reputation exploded among Nick teens, but despite her major television success, the star wasn't happy.
"I hate acting," Ariana admitted to Rolling Stone with a laugh. "It's fun, but music has always been first and foremost with me."
Yet applying her massive TV fame to music proved to be difficult. Her 2011 debut single, 'Put Your Hearts Up,' was "so inauthentic and fake."
The pop star said, "That was the worst moment of my life. For the video, they gave me a bad spray tan and put me in a princess dress and had me frolic around the street. The whole thing was straight out of hell. I still have nightmares about it…"
Yikes! Luckily, her next big break, her 2013 album 'Yours Truly,' was more geared towards Ariana's own tastes and brought her a hit she could be proud of with the track 'The Way.' The success of that album captured the attention of producer-songwriter Max Martin, who has worked with huge names like Britney Spears, Taylor Swift and Maroon 5.
Martin and his team of writers began working on half a dozen songs for the budding singer. One of the crew members, Savan Kotecha, responsible for several of One Direction's hits (including 'What Makes You Beautiful'), says the idea for 'Problem' began on his phone.
"I don't remember where I came up with it," he said. "Maybe in an airplane bathroom. On my phone I have an audio note where I whisper, 'One less problem.'"
'Problem' was nicknamed 'The Whisper Song' because it was meant to have a structure not normally used for pop songs.
"Their objective was to do the opposite of a traditional song structure," Ariana shared. "The idea was to have a really belt-y verse and then a completely minimalistic, whispering, basic chorus. At first, I just didn't like being all belt-y right away."
Once Iggy Azalea was added to the track, the hit song started to come together. Martin added his touch of genius — the song's starting horns — and a chart-topper was born.
'Problem' topped the iTunes chart within 37 minutes of its release, and earned the titles of fourth-largest debut week for a woman and the biggest-ever debut for a singer under 21. It took her a little while, but Ariana Grande has officially hit the big leagues.


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Is it correct. I studied on the buffering effects of tree leaves on acid rain. When i dipping leaves of tree in the solution of various pH levels with various treating period( 1min - 48hr) i found the pH change of various pH solution. And go to species specific pH range with treating period. I suggested that the extraction from leaves have high buffering capacity and could change the treated pH. I think the extration come from leaf stomata(when long time treated as 1 hr. - 48 hr.) or cations attached on leaf surface(short time treated as 1 min - 30 min) but it is non-reasonable that pH change as pH 2.0 -> pH 2.7, pH 3.0 -> pH 5.5, pH 4.0 -> pH 5.5, pH 5.0 -> pH 5.5, pH 6.0 -> pH 5.5... or pH 2.0 -> pH 2.5, pH 3.0 -> pH 5.8, pH 4.0 -> pH 5.8, pH 5.0 -> pH 5.8, pH 6.0 -> pH 5.8. But i don't know that it is correct or incorrect and the mechanism. I appreciate any kind of your advice on my hypothesis with reference(include abstract). Dr. Woo, Jong Ho woo00 at chollian.net


text:
Cherenkov radiation
Cherenkov radiation, also known as Vavilov–Cherenkov radiation,[lower-alpha 1] is electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) passes through a dielectric medium at a speed greater than the phase velocity of light in that medium. The characteristic blue glow of an underwater nuclear reactor is due to Cherenkov radiation. It is named after Soviet scientist Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, the 1958 Nobel Prize winner who was the first to detect it experimentally.[1] A theory of this effect was later developed within the framework of Einstein's special relativity theory by Igor Tamm and Ilya Frank, who also shared the Nobel Prize. Cherenkov radiation had been theoretically predicted by the English polymath Oliver Heaviside in papers published in 1888–89.[2]
- 1 Physical origin
- 2 Characteristics
- 3 Uses
- 4 In popular culture
- 5 See also
- 6 Notes and references
- 7 External links
Physical origin
While electrodynamics holds that the speed of light in a vacuum is a universal constant (c), the speed at which light propagates in a material may be significantly less than c. For example, the speed of the propagation of light in water is only 0.75c. Matter can be accelerated beyond this speed (although still to less than c) during nuclear reactions and in particle accelerators. Cherenkov radiation results when a charged particle, most commonly an electron, travels through a dielectric (electrically polarizable) medium with a speed greater than that at which light propagates in the same medium.
Moreover, the velocity that must be exceeded is the phase velocity of light rather than the group velocity of light. The phase velocity can be altered dramatically by employing a periodic medium, and in that case one can even achieve Cherenkov radiation with no minimum particle velocity, a phenomenon known as the Smith-Purcell effect. In a more complex periodic medium, such as a photonic crystal, one can also obtain a variety of other anomalous Cherenkov effects, such as radiation in a backwards direction (whereas ordinary Cherenkov radiation forms an acute angle with the particle velocity).[3]
As a charged particle travels, it disrupts the local electromagnetic field in its medium. In particular, the medium becomes electrically polarized by the particle's electric field. If the particle travels slowly then the disturbance elastically relaxes back to mechanical equilibrium as the particle passes. When the particle is traveling fast enough, however, the limited response speed of the medium means that a disturbance is left in the wake of the particle, and the energy contained in this disturbance radiates as a coherent shockwave.
A common analogy is the sonic boom of a supersonic aircraft or bullet. The sound waves generated by the supersonic body propagate at the speed of sound itself; as such, the waves travel slower than the speeding object and cannot propagate forward from the body, instead forming a shock front. In a similar way, a charged particle can generate a light shock wave as it travels through an insulator.
In the figure, the particle (red arrow) travels in a medium with speed such that , where is speed of light in vacuum, and is the refractive index of the medium. (If the medium is water, the condition is , since for water at 20 °C.)
We define the ratio between the speed of the particle and the speed of light as . The emitted light waves (blue arrows) travel at speed .
The left corner of the triangle represents the location of the superluminal particle at some initial moment (t=0). The right corner of the triangle is the location of the particle at some later time t. In the given time t, the particle travels the distance
whereas the emitted electromagnetic waves are constricted to travel the distance
Note that since this ratio is independent of time, one can take arbitrary times and achieve similar triangles. The angle stays the same, meaning that subsequent waves generated between the initial time t=0 and final time t will form similar triangles with coinciding right endpoints to the one shown.
Reverse Cherenkov effect
A reverse Cherenkov effect can be experienced using materials called negative-index metamaterials (materials with a subwavelength microstructure that gives them an effective "average" property very different from their constituent materials, in this case having negative permittivity and negative permeability). This means, when a charged particle (usually electrons) passes through a medium at a speed greater than the phase velocity of light in that medium, that particle will radiate from a cone behind itself[clarification needed], rather than in front of it (as is the case in normal materials, with both permittivity and permeability positive).[4] One can also obtain such reverse-cone Cherenkov radiation in non-metamaterial periodic media (where the periodic structure is on the same scale as the wavelength, so it cannot be treated as an effectively homogeneous metamaterial).[3]
Arbitrary Cherenkov emission angle
Cherenkov radiation can also radiate along arbitrary direction using a properly engineered one dimensional metamaterials [5] . The latter is designed to introduce a gradient of phase retardation along the trajectory of the fast travelling particle ( ), reversing or steering Cherenkov emission at arbitrary angles given by the generalized relation:
The frequency spectrum of Cherenkov radiation by a particle is given by the Frank–Tamm formula. Unlike fluorescence or emission spectra that have characteristic spectral peaks, Cherenkov radiation is continuous. Around the visible spectrum, the relative intensity per unit frequency is approximately proportional to the frequency. That is, higher frequencies (shorter wavelengths) are more intense in Cherenkov radiation. This is why visible Cherenkov radiation is observed to be brilliant blue. In fact, most Cherenkov radiation is in the ultraviolet spectrum—it is only with sufficiently accelerated charges that it even becomes visible; the sensitivity of the human eye peaks at green, and is very low in the violet portion of the spectrum.
There is a cut-off frequency above which the equation can no longer be satisfied. The refractive index varies with frequency (and hence with wavelength) in such a way that the intensity cannot continue to increase at ever shorter wavelengths, even for very relativistic particles (where v/c is close to 1). At X-ray frequencies, the refractive index becomes less than unity (note that in media the phase velocity may exceed c without violating relativity) and hence no X-ray emission (or shorter wavelength emissions such as gamma rays) would be observed. However, X-rays can be generated at special frequencies just below the frequencies corresponding to core electronic transitions in a material, as the index of refraction is often greater than 1 just below a resonant frequency (see Kramers-Kronig relation and anomalous dispersion).
As in sonic booms and bow shocks, the angle of the shock cone is directly related to the velocity of the disruption. The Cherenkov angle is zero at the threshold velocity for the emission of Cherenkov radiation. The angle takes on a maximum as the particle speed approaches the speed of light. Hence, observed angles of incidence can be used to compute the direction and speed of a Cherenkov radiation-producing charge.
Cherenkov radiation can be generated in the eye by charged particles hitting the vitreous humour, giving the impression of flashes,[6] as in cosmic ray visual phenomena and possibly some observations of criticality accidents.
Detection of labelled biomolecules
Cherenkov radiation is widely used to facilitate the detection of small amounts and low concentrations of biomolecules.[7] Radioactive atoms such as phosphorus-32 are readily introduced into biomolecules by enzymatic and synthetic means and subsequently may be easily detected in small quantities for the purpose of elucidating biological pathways and in characterizing the interaction of biological molecules such as affinity constants and dissociation rates.
More recently, it has been used to image substances in the body.[8][9]
Nuclear reactors
Cherenkov radiation is used to detect high-energy charged particles. In pool-type nuclear reactors, beta particles (high-energy electrons) are released as the fission products decay. The glow continues after the chain reaction stops, dimming as the shorter-lived products decay. Similarly, Cherenkov radiation can characterize the remaining radioactivity of spent fuel rods.
Astrophysics experiments
When a high-energy (TeV) gamma photon or cosmic ray interacts with the Earth's atmosphere, it may produce an electron-positron pair with enormous velocities. The Cherenkov radiation from these charged particles is used to determine the source and intensity of the cosmic ray or gamma ray, which is used for example in the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique (IACT), by experiments such as VERITAS, H.E.S.S., MAGIC and more recently by the Extensive Air Shower experiment HAWC. Similar methods are used in very large neutrino detectors, such as the Super-Kamiokande, the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) and IceCube. In the Pierre Auger Observatory and other similar projects tanks filled with water observe the Cherenkov radiation caused by muons, electrons and positrons of particle showers which are caused by cosmic rays.
Cherenkov radiation can also be used to determine properties of high-energy astronomical objects that emit gamma rays, such as supernova remnants and blazars. This is done by projects such as STACEE, a gamma ray detector in New Mexico.
Particle physics experiments
Cherenkov radiation is commonly used in experimental particle physics for particle identification. One could measure (or put limits on) the velocity of an electrically charged elementary particle by the properties of the Cherenkov light it emits in a certain medium. If the momentum of the particle is measured independently, one could compute the mass of the particle by its momentum and velocity (see four-momentum), and hence identify the particle.
The simplest type of particle identification device based on a Cherenkov radiation technique is the threshold counter, which gives an answer as to whether the velocity of a charged particle is lower or higher than a certain value (, where is the speed of light, and is the refractive index of the medium) by looking at whether this particle does or does not emit Cherenkov light in a certain medium. Knowing particle momentum, one can separate particles lighter than a certain threshold from those heavier than the threshold.
The most advanced type of a detector is the RICH, or Ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, developed in the 1980s. In a RICH detector, a cone of Cherenkov light is produced when a high speed charged particle traverses a suitable medium, often called radiator. This light cone is detected on a position sensitive planar photon detector, which allows reconstructing a ring or disc, the radius of which is a measure for the Cherenkov emission angle. Both focusing and proximity-focusing detectors are in use. In a focusing RICH detector, the photons are collected by a spherical mirror and focused onto the photon detector placed at the focal plane. The result is a circle with a radius independent of the emission point along the particle track. This scheme is suitable for low refractive index radiators—i.e. gases—due to the larger radiator length needed to create enough photons. In the more compact proximity-focusing design, a thin radiator volume emits a cone of Cherenkov light which traverses a small distance—the proximity gap—and is detected on the photon detector plane. The image is a ring of light, the radius of which is defined by the Cherenkov emission angle and the proximity gap. The ring thickness is determined by the thickness of the radiator. An example of a proximity gap RICH detector is the High Momentum Particle Identification Detector (HMPID),[10] a detector currently under construction for ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment), one of the six experiments at the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) at CERN.
In popular culture
The blue color of Doctor Manhattan in Watchmen may have been inspired by Cherenkov radiation.[11] (In contrast, the typical depiction of radioactive materials as glowing green, as for example in The Simpsons, is most likely inspired by radium paint.[12])
See also
- Askaryan effect, radiation produced by fast uncharged particles
- Bremsstrahlung, radiation produced when charged particles are decelerated by other charged particles
- Frank–Tamm formula, giving the spectrum of Cherenkov radiation
- Light echo
- List of light sources
- Nonradiation condition
- Radioluminescence
- Transition radiation
Notes and references
- ↑ Alternative spelling forms: Cherenkov, Čerenkov, Cerenkov, and Vavilov, Wawilow.
- ↑ Cherenkov, Pavel A. (1934). "Visible emission of clean liquids by action of γ radiation". Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. 2: 451.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> Reprinted in Selected Papers of Soviet Physicists, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 93 (1967) 385. V sbornike: Pavel Alekseyevich Čerenkov: Chelovek i Otkrytie pod redaktsiej A. N. Gorbunova i E. P. Čerenkovoj, M.,"Nauka, 1999, s. 149-153. (ref)
- ↑ Nahin, Paul J (1988). Oliver Heaviside: The Life, Work, and Times of an Electrical Genius of the Victorian Age. pp. 125–126. ISBN 9780801869099.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Luo, C.; Ibanescu, M; Johnson, SG; Joannopoulos, JD (2003). "Cerenkov Radiation in Photonic Crystals" (PDF). Science. 299 (5605): 368–71. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..368L. doi:10.1126/science.1079549. PMID 12532010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Schewe, Phillip F.; Ben Stein (24 March 2004). "TOPSY TURVY: THE FIRST TRUE "LEFT HANDED" MATERIAL". American Institute of Physics. Retrieved 1 December 2008.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Genevet, Patrice; Daniel Wintz; Antonio Ambrosio; Alan She; Romain Blanchard; Federico Capasso (7 September 2015). "Controlled steering of Cherenkov surface plasmon wakes with a one-dimensional metamaterial". Nature Nanotechnology 10, 804–809 (2015). Retrieved 7 September 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bolotovskii, Boris M (2009). "Vavilov – Cherenkov radiation: Its discovery and application". Physics-Uspekhi. 52 (11): 1099. Bibcode:2009PhyU...52.1099B. doi:10.3367/UFNe.0179.200911c.1161.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Small, 2010, 6(10); 1087-1091. PMID 20473988.
- ↑ Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2010. 15(6): 060505. PMID 21198146
- ↑ PLoS One. 2010, 5(3): e9470. PMID 2020899
- ↑ The High Momentum Particle Identification Detector at CERN
- ↑ http://www.livescience.com/3356-watchmen-science-dr-manhattan.html[full citation needed]
- ↑ "Why Does Radioactive Stuff Glow Green? (Or why do people think it does)". Depleted Cranium. 22 April 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Landau, L. D.; Liftshitz, E. M.; Pitaevskii, L. P. (1984). Electrodynamics of Continuous Media. New York: Pergamon Press. ISBN 0-08-030275-0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Jelley, J. V. (1958). Cerenkov Radiation and Its Applications. London: Pergamon Press.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Smith, S. J.; Purcell, E. M. (1953). "Visible Light from Localized Surface Charges Moving across a Grating". Physical Review. 92 (4): 1069. Bibcode:1953PhRv...92.1069S. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.92.1069.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cherenkov radiation.
- Nuclear Reactor start up
- Cherenkov particles via Relativity: Cherenkov's Particles as Magnetons


text:
#BroncosCamp, Day 17: At the final open practice of training camp
Tuesday's practice was the final one open to fans during a lengthy training camp slate. If you weren't able to join us, take a look inside practice with photos from team photographers.
Inside the first of the Broncos' joint practices with 49ers
With the 49ers in town for a pair of joint practices, the Broncos had one of their most intense practices of the summer. And there was plenty to watch outside of the practice reps, too, as former Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning and former head coach Mike Shanahan swung by to see the on-field work.
#BroncosCamp, Day 16: At home on the grind in Broncos Country
Our daily visual recap of the Broncos' training camp practices takes you into a surprise sit-down with Phillip Lindsay and some lucky kids, the usual high-intensity one-on-one, seven-on-seven and 11-on-11 practice reps and the post-practice autograph session.
#BroncosCamp, Day 10: Back to the proving ground
The Broncos returned to UCHealth Training Center on Monday after a day off, and though some inclement weather prevented fans from taking in the practice, it didn't prevent the team from continuing to put in the work necessary to get ready for the season.


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A new report by Kendra Bischoff and Sean Reardon for the Russell Sage Foundation and Brown University found that, as a likely consequence of widening American income inequality, fewer and fewer Americans live in urban middle-class neighborhoods and urban communities are instead increasingly polarized into rich and poor neighborhoods. They call this increased "income segregation" or "family income segregation." Their report studies 117 metropolitan areas with a population of 500,000 or more in 2007 and examines these patterns at the census tract level, covering roughly two thirds of the US population.
This is bad news for the opportunity to build bridging social capital (social ties across race or social class), bad for building any sense that we're all in this together, and by insulating the rich increasingly from the poor, makes it less likely that the rich will want to take action to help the poor (in the same way as the rich become less interested in public education investment if they send their kids to private schools or become less interested in safe streets if they live in a gated community with a private police force). This research shows how children are less likely to grow up socializing with and playing with children of other socio-economic backgrounds, especially in an era where mandatory school-busing has come under attack.
These trends are all prior to the 2008 great recession, so it is impossible until 2013 to know whether that exacerbated these patterns or ameliorated them somewhat, and even then we probably won't know about specific neighborhoods.
Bischoff points out that these segregation indices would change during the recession only if foreclosures or job losses force people to move, then income segregation could change. For instance, if low- and moderate- income families need to move to lower-income neighborhoods, urban residential segregation would increase (more clustering). Alternatively, if middle income families lose income, but remain in their homes (or neighborhoods), then residential income segregation would decrease as neighborhoods as increased family income volatility leads neighborhoods to become more diverse in income terms. The American Community Survey may never be able to resolve what happened at low levels of geography.
As overall income inequality grew in the last four decades, high- and low-income families have become increasingly less likely to live near one another. Mixed income neighborhoods have grown rarer, while affluent and poor neighborhoods have grown much more common. In fact, the share of the population in large and moderate-sized metropolitan areas who live in the poorest and most affluent neighborhoods has more than doubled since 1970, while the share of families living in middle-income neighborhoods dropped from 65 percent to 44 percent. The residential isolation of the both poor and affluent families has grown over the last four decades, though affluent families have been generally more residentially isolated than poor families during this period. Income segregation among African Americans and Hispanics grew more rapidly than among non-Hispanic whites, especially since 2000. These trends are consequential because people are affected by the character of the local areas in which they live. The increasing concentration of income and wealth (and therefore of resources such as schools, parks, and public services) in a small number of neighborhoods results in greater disadvantages for the remaining neighborhoods where low- and middle-income families live.
Key findings, based on Census American Community Survey data:
- From 2000 to 2007, family income segregation grew significantly in almost all metropolitan areas (in 89 percent of the large and moderate-sized metropolitan areas). This extends a trend over the period 1970-2000 during which income segregation grew dramatically. In 1970 only 15 percent of families were in neighborhoods that we classify as either affluent (neighborhoods where median incomes were greater than 150 percent of median income in their metropolitan areas) or poor (neighborhoods where median incomes were less than 67 percent of metropolitan median income). By 2007, 31 percent of families lived in such
- The affluent are more segregated from other Americans than the poor are. That is, high-income families are much less likely to live in neighborhoods with middle- and low-income families than low-income families are to live in neighborhoods with middle- and high-income families. This has been true for the last 40 years.
- Income segregation among black and Hispanic families increased much more than did income segregation among white families from 1970 to 2007. Notably, income segregation among black and Hispanic families grew very sharply from 2000 to 2007. Income segregation among black and Hispanic families is now much higher than among white families.
Read "Growth in the Residential Segregation of Families by Income, 1970-2009" (Sean Reardon, Kendra Bischoff).
See NY Times story, "Middle-Class Areas Shrink as Income Gap Grows, New Report Finds" (11/16/11, by Sabrina Tavernise) which also shows this pattern for Philadelphia, which showed the biggest increase in income segregation over this period as well as the overall decline in middle-class neighborhoods and the rise of poor neighborhoods.
See earlier blog post: "Stalled upward social mobility in the US"
See somewhat related post by Liberty Street Economics (the blog of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York) that shows both that median wages were growing fastest in the high-skilled occupations, and also that job growth was fastest in both the high-skilled and low-skilled occupations and slowest in middle-class job occupation.


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Whole Life Insurance provides the most comprehensive coverage of various life insurance products. It never expires or ends and you can't outlive it. No matter how and no matter when you die, your beneficiaries receive a benefit.
You have the right to receive a detailed notice regarding our insurance information practices which will include a summary of your rights to access and correct all information which we may have collected. Requests should be made in writing to the Chief Underwriter of CMFG Life Insurance Company, Administrative Office, P.O. Box 61, Waverly, IA 50677-0061. Through the collection and use of this information we seek to offer you coverage at the lowest possible cost. THIS NOTICE IS TO BE READ BY THE APPLICANT FOR INSURANCE. CU-SINOTICE-2004
For residents of CA, CT, FL, RI and VT: You may name a person as Secondary Addressee in the spaces provided on the application. A Secondary Address is not a beneficiary. If you choose to complete the Secondary Information on the application, that person would also receive notice of lapsed coverage in the event your premiums are not paid. You are not required to complete this section of the application. Completing the Secondary Addressee information is optional. If you choose to designate a Secondary Addressee in the future, or change the person you designated, you may do so at any time by writing CMFG Life Insurance Company.
For all residents except, D.C., FL: Any person who knowingly presents a false statement in an application for insurance may be guilty of a crime and subject to fines and confinement in prison, and denial of insurance benefits, depending on state law. You may designate a third party to receive notice of your policy cancellation due to nonpayment. To do this, send a written request to the PO Box printed on the application and include the third party's name and address.
For residents of Washington, D.C.: WARNING: It is a crime to provide false or misleading information to an insurer for the purpose of defrauding the insurer or any other person. Penalties include imprisonment and/or fines. In addition, an insurer may deny insurance benefits, if false information materially related to a claim was provided by the applicant.
For residents of Florida: Any person who knowingly and with intent to injure, defraud, or deceive any insurer files a statement of claim or an application containing any false, incomplete or misleading information is guilty of a felony of the third degree.
CMFG Life Insurance Company • P.O. Box 61 • Waverly IA 50677-0061 • Phone:1-855-200-7101
REPLACING YOUR LIFE INSURANCE POLICY? Are you thinking about buying a new policy and discontinuing or changing an existing policy? If you are, your decision could be a good one - or a mistake. You will not know for sure unless you make a careful comparison of your existing policy and the proposed policy. Make sure you understand the facts. Below you will find a check list of some of the items you should consider in making your decision. TAKE TIME TO READ IT.
Do not let one agent or insurer prevent you from obtaining information from another agent or insurer which may be to your advantage.
Hear both sides before you decide. This way you can be sure you are making a decision that is in your best interest.
We are required to notify your existing company that you may be replacing their policy.
Cash values and dividends, if any, may grow slower under a new policy initially because of the initial costs of issuing a policy.
Your present insurance company may be able to make a change on terms which may be more favorable than if you replace existing insurance with new insurance.
If you borrow against an existing policy to pay premiums on a new policy, death benefits payable under your existing policy will be reduced by the amount of any unpaid loan, including unpaid interest.
Current interest rates are not guaranteed. Guaranteed interest rates are usually considerably lower than current rates. What rates are guaranteed?
Are premiums guaranteed or subject to change - up or down?
Participating policies pay dividends that may materially reduce the cost of insurance over the life of the contract. Dividends, however, are not guaranteed.
CAUTION, you are urged not to take action to terminate, assign, or alter your existing life insurance coverage until after you have been issued the new policy, examined it and have found it to be acceptable to you.
And, REMEMBER, you have thirty (30) days following receipt of any life insurance policy to examine its contents. If you are not satisfied with it for any reason, you have the right to return it to the insurer at its home or branch office or to the agent through whom it was purchased, for a full refund of premium.
Base Form Number ICC12-A10a-029-LB; ICC12-A10a- 029-NB; A10a-029-LB2012; A10a-029-NB2012.


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So this month as a Concerned Blogger (Your unofficial public service announcement for Second Life) The topic is giving blood and since today is the last day in the month and I am a procrastinator here is my little story:
So this one time in High School (not band camp) I tried to give blood.. I was all excited I had cookies and juice on my mind.. and then.. they tried, poked me a few times but could not find my veins.. so I could not give blood and thus I got no cookie.
So what did we learn? Give blood, get cookies! But no really.. Donate blood to save lives. Since trying to donate that first time as I got older I have found nurses that could deal with my hard to find veins and what not so thankfully I have!
Where can you give blood? Well the Red Cross has a very informative website and you can type in your Zip Code to find out where. If for some reason you can't give blood they also take donations, and volunteers so there is always some way that you can help!
Also, if you are a blogger in Second Life and would be interested and doing these PSA month to month contact Marleen Vaughan in world.. trust me she is the best!


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If successful, a continuous monitoring project at the White House could lay the foundation for additional operational changes in federal agencies.
Between now and early 2013, the Department of Homeland Security is expected to release an RFP for continuous monitoring, a function for detecting network compliance and risk vulnerabilities -- which means the feds are working toward a huge shift in how they secure their networks next year.
George Schu, senior vice president at Booz Allen Hamilton, which consults federal agencies on technology decisions and often is instrumental to computing decisions at America's highest level of leadership, says the company will bid on this RFP. And ultimately, Schu said he expects the DHS and the General Services Administration to spread this monitoring process throughout D.C. next year. He told Government Technology this week that the deal, if successful, could lay the foundation for additional operational changes in federal agencies.
"It's an unusual effort by the government to roll out a new process, and it is being driven out of DHS because of responsibilities for securing the .gov domain," he said. "DHS is working with the GSA to roll out this new process across the government."
In his opinion, the adoption will require decentralized deployment for maximum effectiveness. Each agency is unique with different needs and digital environments.
"It has to be tailored to the environment that it is going to be monitoring," he said. "Health and Human Services probably looks different from the one that is being put together for the CIA, let's say, because there are different risk factors."
These differences largely depend on data that's being handled. According to Schu, security needs for a business unit that exchanges credit card and other personal information differs from those of one that exchanges personal health information. Additionally, those would differ from the needs of a business unit that handles financial information.
Employees will have to adapt to accommodate the changes. Continuous monitoring will prompt adjustments, and Schu likened these changes to any that would occur when there's a major technology overhaul, though he didn't offer specifics.
"Whenever a new process is rolled out, whether it's an ERP system, a new HR or payment system, or a personal evaluation system, there are organizational changes implicit in that in order for it to work successfully," Schu said.
If continuous monitoring is adopted, it would be more evidence of the government's push to strengthen America's cyber defensibility. The Obama administration is currently working on drafts of the well-publicized cybersecurity executive order. The law may create security standards for companies to comply with in order to secure the government data they handle.
"There is a big push for the government to do a better job in getting pertinent cybersecurity information out to critical infrastructure operators in the private sector to improve their cybersecurity awareness and posture in the face of an impending attack," Schu said.


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Saturday Storytime - East Library
Sat., October 13, 2018
Children ages 3 and up, with a favorite adult, experience stories through books, flannelboards, puppets, songs and activities. This program encourages emerging reading skills by engaging children with shapes, sounds, rhythm and rhyme in a playful environment.
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Cocktails and Spirits with Paul Clarke: Where to Drink in Vancouver
Weekly insight into the world of drinks with Paul Clarke from the Cocktail Chronicles and Imbibe magazine.
The Winter Olympics start in just a few days, and even now, thousands of visitors are descending on Vancouver's snowy streets—er, make that "basking in the sun in Vancouver's unseasonably warm weather"—to see what Canada's largest West Coast city has to offer.
There are plenty of recommendations of where to go to enjoy what this food-centric city has to offer. But as I wrote in the current issue of Imbibe, Vancouver also has a craft-cocktail scene that is just now reaching critical mass, and the city now has a number of places where you can find ambitious, creative drinks unlike those found anywhere else in the world. I spent two weeks in Vancouver last summer, hitting some of its best bars and wondering why this city wasn't yet on the global radar for good drinks. If you happen to be in Vancouver for the Olympics—or for any reason in the months to come—here are a few places to enjoy some of the city's best drinks.
The Diamond (6 Powell Street, Gastown): The Gastown neighborhood has several of the city's best bars, and the Diamond is one of the mainstays. Opened and staffed by a team of veteran bartenders, the Diamond serves drinks in the classic-cocktail tradition; my favorites included the Tequila Martinez, and the Right Hook, made with Canadian whisky.
The Pourhouse (162 Water Street, Gastown): Near tourist-central in Gastown, the Pourhouse takes an approach to cocktails similar to that of Drink, in Boston: rather than dazzle customers with an array of bottles and a voluminous bar menu, bartenders try to determine exactly what a particular customer is in the mood for and create a drink especially suited to the situation. It's a beautiful bar, too, with plenty of reclaimed old cedar timbers utilized in an expansive space.
Boneta (1 West Cordova, Gastown): Boneta continues the classically styled cocktail trend in Gastown with a menu that leans toward big, flavorful drinks made with tequila or Alberta Premium, a rye-heavy Canadian whisky that disproves the notion that all Canadian whiskies are bland, and with ingredients such as Cinzano Orancio, an orangey vermouth unavailable on this side of the border.
West (2881 Granville Street, Granville): West already has a reputation as one of the best restaurants in Canada, but the bar is just as dynamic and impressive. Bar manager David Wolowydnik regularly raids the kitchen to create market-fresh cocktails such as Clearly the Heir, a fantastically spare take on the Bloody Mary made with tomato water and celery bitters. Shed your fear of drinks made with golden beets, curry, or jalapeños; while these can be gimmicky touches at some bars, West is on the level.
Market by Jean-Georges (1115 Alberni, downtown): In the Shangri-La Hotel, Market has a ho-hum bar menu that's pretty much identical to those of other Jean-Georges establishments. That's okay; push the menu to the side and let the bartenders show you what they can do. Market-fresh and custom ingredients are also the hallmarks here, and the drinks have a rich complexity and a notable balance of character.
George Lounge (1137 Hamilton Street, Yaletown): One caveat: go early. Bar manager Shaun Layton has one of the most ambitious setups in town, with a big work space filled with fresh fruit and herbs, and the staff's dedication to detail results in some of the most spectacular classic and contemporary drinks in town. Visit George after the boisterous late-night Yaletown crowds move in and you'll likely wish you hadn't, but catch the bar while it's still quiet and you'll have one of the most sublime cocktail experiences in the city.
Alibi Room (157 Alexander Street, Gastown): The Alibi Room demonstrates what can happen when a restaurant gets taken over by craft-beer fanatics. With 25 taps featuring pours from some of the best breweries on the West Coast, plus three cask ales and an aging room downstairs, the Alibi Room simply doesn't serve bad or even mediocre beer. You'll find craft brews from Vancouver Island and other Canadian breweries that you won't find back home; aim for the seasonal and monthly beers for an in-depth brew experience.
There are other great places in town (check out my Imbibe story for more recommendations)—do you have any favorite Vancouver watering holes you'd like to suggest?
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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See also
Sunday, October 31, 2010
Text Fwd: Translation: 37 Korean civic organizations' joint press Interview against ROK's joining of MD
[영문 번역] 한국의 미사일 방어망 참여 반대, 37 개 한국 단체 공동 성명
Saturday, October 23, 2010
Would South Korea join the United States Missile Defense system?
남한은 미국의 미사일 시스템에 참여할 것인가?
A launch scene of a SM-3 that emerged as a favorite of the 'regional MD' under the Obama administration.
* The below is an arbitrary translation and got the review from the author.
* 아래는 자의적 번역으로 작가의 검토를 받음
* The original Korean writing can be seen HERE.
* Bruce Gagnon thankfully distributed this to his email list on Nov. 1 and M. S., Japan thankfully translated this in Japanese (See HERE). M.S. translation of Koji Sugihara's message 'against the SM-3 launch by Japan's Maritime Self Defense Force, off Kauai,' on Oct. 28 can be also seen HERE (Japanese & English) and HERE (English & Korean).
#ROK means Republic of Korea (South Korea)
*ROK MD is called as the Korean Air and Missile Defense (KAMD)
#The English translations of the Korean cited phrases from the English documents may not exactly match with the original English documents.
Would South Korea fall down into a 'swamp of MD'?
Cheong Wooksik
Representative of Peace Network
Oct. 25, 2010
South Korea is in fact, being incorporated into the Missile Defense system initiated by the United Stats. Following the large deployment of US MD system such as the most advanced PAC-3 and radar in South Korea during the Roh Moo Hyun- Bush period, the speed of her enrollment [into the US MD system] is being rapidly accelerated under the Lee Myung Bak administration.
Kim Tae-Young, Minister of National Defense, caused the recent controversy. During a National Assembly's government affairs audit on the Ministry of National Defense on Oct.22, upon the question by Shin Hak-Yong, National Assembly member, Democratic Party, which was whether it had been the condition for the ROK to join the US-demanding MD when the ROK and US had agreed upon the installation of the 'Extended Deterrence Policy Committee' at the time of the Security Consultative meeting (SCM), [the Minister replied] on his question that "We are examining the MD issue together, too."
Following it, Minister Kim said, "The thing to be a little considered is why our people have denying response on the MD. It is because the United States created the MD to protect the United States' homeland. Now it is changed and [the need of MD] is regionally considered. So it became a little different from the past and [we] are prudently considering it." [His] remark was sufficient for the people to have the suspicion that the Lee Myung-Bak government is stepping on the process of joining the MD.
As the controversy became bigger, the Ministry of National Defense began to explain it in a separate material on [Oct.] 23. It stated that, "The both authorities of the ROK and US would discuss on the sharing information and operating measures to protect the Korean peninsula from the North Korean threat of the Weapons of Mass Destruction within the 'Extended Deterrence Policy Committee' in the future." Despite that, he claimed that, " It does not mean that we join the regional MD of the United States, but that, while we establish the Korean Air and Missile Defense (KAMD), primarily for the subsystem defense, we will also strengthen the cooperation in sharing information and operating usable assets to effectively respond to the North Korean ballistic missile threat, with the United States Forces of Korea (USFK)." In a word, what it means is while it strengthens the MD cooperation with the United States, it is not the participation in the MD initiated by the United States.
United States says, "South Korea is an important partner."
However, such explanation by Lee Myung-Bak government can be said, in a word, like 'covering the sky with the palm of hand.' Even though he is nominally denying the joining the [US] MD, the symptoms of [South Korea] being virtually and more deeply incorporated into the MD can be grasped here and there.
Related to this, it is needed to notice on the remarks by Frank Rose, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Verification, Compliance, and Implementation. Through his speech in Tokyo in the latter September 2010, he expressed his strong will on the establishment of the Missile Defense in the Asia region. Calling that, "In Asia, Japan and South Korea are already important missile defense partners," he emphasized the necessity of the cooperation by multiple parties that goes beyond bilateral cooperation. It is very unusual that a high-ranking officer mentioned South Korea along with Japan as "already important missile defense partners."
* Frank Rose's Japan statement can be seen HERE.
Rose, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, claimed that multiple access including South Korean's is important for three reasons. "Political" because it would strengthen the joint response ability against enemy threat, "operational," because it would increase the MD operation ability in the way of sharing data and interception missile, and "budgetary," because it would reduce the overlapped investment among the MD alliance countries and establish the cost-saving MD.
As if proving his remarks, South Korea and the United States have staged the joint MD exercise. The both countries' navies carried out the joint missile interception drill in early July 2010. It is said that the Sejong the Great, the South Korean Aegis Destroyer traced an enemy ballistic missile and provided the U.S navy with its position information, and then the U. S. Aegis Destroyer launched a SM-3 missile and shoot it down. It is because, while the Sejong the Great has the ability to detect and trace the launch of a ballistic missile, it is not outfitted with SM3. In other words, sharing of information and operating of available asset have been already being done. In reference, the interceptor missile that is outfitted in the Sejong the Great is SM-2, which is primarily used for the interception against enemy's cruise missile and aircraft.
'Is the regional MD, O.K.?'
There is a more thing to be noticed in the remarks by the personnel of the Ministry of National Defense, including its Minister, Kim Tae-Young. It is the claim that, while the reason for South Korea to join the [US MD] was not big in the past when the US MD was for the protection of the homeland of the United States, [now is the time for South Korea] to strengthen the cooperation with the United States as [the MD] is being changed into the 'regional MD' under the Obama administration. [The claim] thus goes further to justify the connection between the KAMD and the US regional MD. However it does not fit into facts.
First of all, the regional MD that the Obama administration advocates is the same concept with the Theater Missile Defense (TMD) that was driven under the Clinton administration. The Clinton administration dividing the MD with the TMD that was for the overseas United States military & its allies, and National Missile Defense (NMD) that was for the protection of the US's homeland, has requested South Korea to join the TMD. However, the Kim Dae-Jung government expressed its unwillingness [to join it] considering its tremendous cost & performance imperfection, and inter-Korean & neighborhood relationships. In other words, the TMD that was a 'regional MD,' existed in the past and South Korea chose not to join it considering her national interest.
It was the Bush administration that named the MD integrating the NMD and TMD then converted it to the 'global MD.' However, the distinguishing between the NMD and TMD in the matters of system and operation has not disappeared. The NMD that was for the protection of the US homeland, changed its name to the Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) and the TMD applicable such as PAC-3, Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (ABMD) & Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) have been continuously developed, produced, deployed and operated.
The Obama administration that came into power after [the Bush administration] estimated that, while the GMD was accompanied with tremendous cost, its performance had not been proven but rather caused the negative influence to the negotiation on the nuclear arms reduction, inducing the repulsion from Russia. It also considered that the threat of the intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) from North Korea or Iran that the United States faced was not imminent. Therefore, the Obama administration adjusted its speed on the GMD, and resurrected the concept of the TMD during the Clinton administration, with the name of the 'regional MD.'
The reason that Obama preferred the title of the 'regional MD' was because he thought it would be far easier for his allied countries to join and to share its cost and role. Seeing in that context, it can be said that the Lee Myung-Bak administration became to exactly be involved into the intention of the Obama administration by its attitude that shows far more favorable response to the 'regional MD.'
* Author's another writing on the South Korean MD
Text Fwd: Missile Defense and the Korean Peninsula-What Is the Problem?
Written by Cheong, Wooksik, translated by Agatha D. Haun
March 6, 2009
국문은 아래 사이트로 마우스를 내려가면 보입니다.
정욱식(평화네트워크 대표), 2009 년 3월 6일
(*영문 번역은 아가타 혼)


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Confusion Over N.D. Abortion Restrictions Likely Driving Women to Other States
December 20, 2013 — The number of abortions at North Dakota's sole abortion clinic has dropped by nearly 15% over the past year, which the facility's director attributes in part to confusion over new abortion restrictions in the state, the AP/ABC News reports.
Red River Women's Clinic Director Tammi Kromenaker said the clinic is expected to end the year having provided about 1,125 abortions, compared with 1,330 procedures in 2012. According to state Health Department data, the clinic has performed an average of 1,300 abortions annually for the past 10 years.
A physician at the clinic, who also works at clinics in South Dakota and Minnesota, said North Dakota women are seeking abortions across state lines because they mistakenly believe the procedure was outlawed in the state, Kromenaker said. "We're definitely hearing from women that they thought we were closed and that abortion is illegal," Kromenaker said, adding, "Abortion is still legal in the state of North Dakota and [the clinic is] still here."
Planned Parenthood of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota spokesperson Connie Lewis said that while clinics in the states do not yet have figures on how many women might have traveled across state lines to have abortions, she "absolutely believe[s] that it's happening."
Lewis compared the situation to that in South Dakota a few years ago, when the state passed stringent abortion restrictions that ultimately were defeated. "It certainly mirrors the experience we had in South Dakota. It was a significant drop off and we did hear from people who said they weren't sure we were open," she said.
However, state Rep. Bette Grande (R), an abortion-rights opponent, said the drop in the number of abortions in the state is a positive development and that the decline stems from women becoming better educated on the issue, not the restrictions. She added that many women have emailed her in recent months saying they had decided against abortion because of debate over the issue in the state.
"Women are changing their hearts and minds," she said, adding, "More women have thought through the process and said, 'This is not what I want to do.'"
Kromenaker disagreed, saying, "I don't think women's circumstances and the reason they come to us have changed" (MacPherson, AP/ABC News, 12/19).


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The Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures provides a sequence of courses that leads to familiarity with a particular foreign language and the experience associated with that language. Students may select language programs necessary to their development as educated and aware individuals, and to their pursuit of a career goal. These programs aid students in acquiring fluency in a language, acquiring a thorough understanding of a foreign culture, and experiencing a variety of linguistic approaches to the world.
Foreign language concentration programs aim at mastery of the language, an understanding of its literature and culture, and knowledge of the linguistic processes that make up a native speaker's competence. Such knowledge is needed for teaching, for graduate work, and for other careers requiring specialized linguistic knowledge and skill. All courses, however, are open to any student who has satisfied the prerequisites.
Department Mission
The goal of the Foreign Languages Department is to provide students with an opportunity to become conversant with the languages and cultures of other nations. This mission is consistent with institutional purposes and College core curriculum goals. The Department fosters the development of proficient oral and written communication skills in various foreign languages. Also, as an integral part of a liberal arts curriculum, its programs offer instruction that is necessary to the development of educated and aware individuals who are capable of adapting to a changing and increasingly diverse world. The Foreign Languages Department offers opportunities for study that promote the understanding and value of human, cultural, and ethnic diversity.
With the growing participation of the United States in international business and the increasingly multinational character of American society itself, knowledge of a foreign language in nearly every kind of occupation is useful. Many students study to become teachers and translators, while others seek to complement their studies in international business, journalism, communication, art, travel or other fields requiring foreign language. Knowledge of a second language is a strong asset favored by employers when searching for job candidates.
For more information on career opportunities in foreign languages, please contact the Academic Advising and Career Center at (810) 762-3085, or e-mail email@example.com.


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Yesterday was a lovely day, in spite of scattered rain showers, or possibly because of them. Richard and I decided to take the Jeep out on the back roads to avoid the heavy traffic on the main arteries from tourists out enjoying the Labor Day weekend. He suggested visiting a small cemetery located about halfway through Burrell's Ford Road (Forest Service Road 646) off of Highway 28, near Rabun County's eastern border with South Carolina.
To get to the cemetery, we took Warwoman Road (off of Highway 441) from Clayton, which dead-ends into Highway 28 at Pine Mountain. Take a right toward South Carolina. (Going left will take you through Satolah and into Highlands, NC.) Some distance out, take a left on Burrell's Ford Road. Exactly four miles from 28, take a left onto an unmarked road, and from there take the first unmarked road on the left. You'll do fine in just about any normal-clearance vehicle until hitting the last road. Either park at the bottom and walk up (it's not far, but it is steep and rough), or bring a high-clearance, four-wheel drive vehicle. The cemetery is at the end of the last road.
I know, no one ever believes me when I say to use a high-clearance, four-wheel drive vehicle. The proof is in the pudding, though, right? So, here's a picture of the last road, just to give you an idea.
We were the only people in there that day. All of those tracks were made by Richard's Jeep, when he tried (repeatedly over about ten minutes) to get the Jeep up that last section. You can't tell it from the picture, but it's a steep three-foot drop where the gravel and the mud meet (at the bottom of the picture). There's no cell service out that way, either, and few vehicles passing by. If you get stuck, it's a four-plus mile walk back to Highway 28 on the Rabun County side, or about one mile to the West Fork of the Chattooga River and camp sites on the Oconee County, South Carolina, side of Burrell's Ford Road. So please, either bring an appropriate vehicle or park and walk up.1
Of course, someone gets up to the cemetery on a regular basis as it's fairly well-maintained. Someone has taken the time to mow or weed-eat probably twice annually. The artificial flowers were placed probably on or around Memorial Day of this year, as Richard was there just a few weeks before and the graves were undecorated.
A peculiar feature I've noticed in some local cemeteries (and a couple not-so-local ones) is the custom of mounding the graves. Every grave in this cemetery, save one possible grave site, had both head- and footstones and was mounded.
The mounds were formed by pulling dirt from the sides of the grave upward into a sharply pointed hill forming troughs in the ground on each side of the grave. Over time, the mounds flatten from rain and erosion. I know at least one cemetery, attached to a church near Scaly Mountain (not far from this cemetery, as the crow flies), where the graves are re-mounded each Decoration Day. The mounds in Harden Cemetery appear not to be maintained as often, but they're still distinct.
Only seven of the sixteen (possibly seventeen) headstones bore writing. The seventeenth, a free-standing stone, appeared to be a headstone, but there was no accompanying footstone and the grave site, if it was one, had not been mounded.
Ellen Harris
Mother of
Bedford Harris
Sammie E Harden
November 30, 1917
William E Hicks
Born Mar 16 1892
Died Aug 20 1922
G Etta H Hicks
Born Feb 17 1895
Died Nov 20 1922
Hepsey Harden
Born Dec 11 1884
Died Aug 11 1885
Dewey Harden
Born Dec 28 1901
Died Dec 18 1902
Ulysses Harden
Born Nov 17 1888
Died July 24 1911
Bill and Elaine English surveyed this cemetery in 1998 and posted it online in the USGenWeb Archives for Rabun County as the Hicks Cemetery.
Drive safely and happy hunting!
* * * * *
1. It's not that I'm lecturing so much as that I don't want to have to rescue a hapless researcher.


text: By Shannon Luster |Staff Writer| She and Him returned with a 14-song compilation of catchy and foot-tapping good tunes in their third album Volume 3, recently released on May 14. Zooey Deschanel and M. Ward make up the band, which has become wildly popular, especially in the independent music circuit. The band's music is an influence from 1960s bands like The Beach Boys, well known for their breakthrough, psychedelic album, Pet Sounds, in 1966, including popular songs like "Good Vibrations." She and Him's vintage fashion sense also reflects their music, both a throwback to an earlier era, but with a modern twist. One of the songs Deschanel sings in Volume 3 is "Hold Me, … [Read more...] about She & Him returns with vintage sound in Volume Three


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I wasn't a big fan of Coldplay before I decided to go to their concert last night and was forever amazed and stunned by their performance. I think it's because I haven't really spending time listening to their music when I grow up personally (no offense to die hard fans of Coldplay :p). I decided to blast and keep re-playing my Spotify music to Coldplay's old famous hits and their newest album "A Head Full of Dreams" a week before the concert. Plus, I had just finished enjoying Adele's performance 2 weeks prior.
I gotta say that this is one of the most festive concert or live performances I've ever been to. The colorful props, fireworks, and lights all around the stage last night made it worth watching and experiencing.
The lead singer of the band, Chris Martin, admitted he snacked on banana in the morning of the scheduled show that he caused light burps here and there during beginning of his performances. But hey, we didn't even recognize that until he brought it up. His energy and the overall atmosphere was very powerful that the whole audience was singing and dancing along all night long.
Sorry for the poor quality images of the band, since we weren't allowed to bring camera.


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Pretzel Roll Recipe
Ingredients: 1 1/2 c. (110 degree) water, 1 pkg yeast, 2 t. sugar, 4 1/2 c. flour, 2 t. kosher salt, 4 T. butter (melted), 1/4 c. baking soda, 1 whole egg, kosher salt.
Instructions: Dissolve yeast in water (5 min). Pour in next 4 ingredients (through butter). mix with dough hook until combined. Cover dough with a towel and let rise 1 hour (doubled in size). Dived into 16 pieces. Create balls. Place on a tray, cover and rise for 30 minutes.
Store on Planet Mars so your dog won't eat them before you do. This is a very important step or you will find yourself at the grocery store before work the following morning trying to replace them for the meal you've scheduled to take to your friend.


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Governor Quinn Signs Legislation to Boost Diabetes Awareness, Research and Reporting in Illinois
HB 1815 Creates Special License Plate to Raise Awareness and Funds for Diabetes Research; HB 2199 Requires Biennial Reporting by State Diabetes Commission to General Assembly
CHICAGO – Governor Pat Quinn today signed into law House Bill 1815, legislation that will create a special license plate designed to raise awareness for diabetes and raise funds for diabetes research. The governor signed the bill at the University of Chicago Medicine's Kovler Diabetes Center's 2nd Annual Celebrating Miracles & Milestones Family Forum and Professional Education Conference. The signing is part of Governor Quinn's agenda to improve the health of people across Illinois.
"More than 800,000 people in Illinois suffer from diabetes, more than double the number from 20 years ago," Governor Quinn said. "It's critically important that we continue to do everything in our power to raise awareness and support research by leading institutions like the University of Chicago Medicine."
HB 1815 was sponsored by House Minority Leader Rep. Tom Cross (R-Oswego) and Sen. Mattie Hunter (D-Chicago). The new, specialized license plates will cost $40 and $25 of the charge will be deposited into the Diabetes Research Checkoff Fund.
"We hope that this new option for a license plate will eventually serve as a moving billboard for diabetes awareness in Illinois and across the country," Rep. Cross said. "This new plate will not only create more awareness in our communities, but it will also support diabetes research at respected institutions like the University of Chicago's Kovler Diabetes Center, JDRF and the ADA. Every moment we use to create awareness helps us get one step closer to a cure.
"People are suffering from this debilitating disease at an alarming rate," Sen. Hunter said. "We need to continue searching for prevention methods and ways to improve the lives of those suffering from this affliction."
Governor Quinn today also signed a second important diabetes law, HB 2199, sponsored by Rep. Jim Durkin (R-LaGrange) and Sen. Antonio Muñoz (D-Chicago). The bill requires the Illinois State Diabetes Commission to submit a comprehensive report to the General Assembly every other year starting in 2015 that details the social and economic costs of diabetes as well as efforts to control and prevent the disease.
According to the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH), the number of Illinois residents who have diabetes has more than doubled over the past 20 years, reaching approximately 800,000 in 2011. The department also estimates that an additional 500,000 people are unaware they have the disease. Of Illinois adults with diabetes, 18.6 percent are 65 years of age or older. Diabetes-related care in Illinois costs around $7.3 billion each year.
It is estimated that by 2020, the number of adults with diabetes will increase 43 percent nationally and 25 percent for Illinois. These projections emphasize the importance of access to medical care, developing a healthy lifestyle, and the importance of self-management of diabetes and other chronic diseases. Many complications of diabetes can be prevented or delayed by controlling blood glucose, blood pressure and high cholesterol through lifestyle changes.
The University of Chicago Medicine's Kovler Diabetes Center forum was held at the Chicago Marriott on Michigan Avenue. The conference features updates on the latest research, diagnosis and management of monogenic diabetes, networking for families with genetic forms of diabetes and advanced medical and professional training. Attendees from all over the world share their stories, learn from one another's experience with monogenic diabetes and participate in ongoing research activities.
IDPH offers programs aimed at preventing diabetes, such as the Illinois Diabetes and Prevention Control Program and the Illinois Tobacco Quitline. For more information please visit: www.idph.state.il.us
HB 1815 and HB 2199 will take effect Jan.1.
Illinois Department of Public Health
535 West Jefferson Street
Springfield, Illinois 62761
Phone 217-782-4977
Fax 217-782-3987
Questions or Comments


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Our Email Continuity solution eliminates costly business disruption in the event of outages by providing fully redundant and functioning email access and usage via a standards-based web portal.
There is no question that email has become the communications hub for all organisations. As a result, it's now imperative that an organisation not only archive but quickly access email in the event of legal discovery or disaster recovery.
Email Continuity solution
BAE Systems provides a complete Email Continuity and complementary archiving system that securely stores all incoming and outgoing email, while providing each user access to his/her archive through a web-based portal. Our Email Continuity solution safely stores your messages off site in our secure data center and makes it easy to fulfill e-discovery and audit requests while maintaining critical business continuity.
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All email messages can be recovered back to the user's inbox with a single click, and all users have the ability to send and receive messages directly from the archive. The message interface is familiar and easy to use, so users will be immediately productive without the need for training.


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by Nate
(Roseville, CA, USA)
This kite is amazing. I was looking for an easy afternoon project and found this easy and very successful project.
I was very impressed with the range of this kite. It exceeded my expectations by a long shot. It was sunny and had barely any breeze. I jogged a little to keep it up, and it soared! I have no negative comments on this kite.
Comments for Amazing!
Click here to add your own comments
Join in and write your own page! It's easy to do. How? Simply click here to return to MBK Kite Making.
I'm referring to Simplest Dowel Kites, my popular kite-making download. It's a printable PDF file. Make a diamond, delta or sled. Each kite is capable of flying hundreds of feet up for hours on end.
Could you do me just a small favor though?
Please sign up for my free monthly publication, "Tethered Flying". No other emails will be sent, and your details are safe with me. You need to be at least 16 years old. There's...
We earn a small commission if you click the following link and buy something. The item does not cost you any more, since we are an "affiliate" of Amazon.
Click here to buy anything you need. Just use the Search box in there if you need different weights or lengths of line, for example.
P.S. Keep an eye out for books by kite author Glenn Davison, a prominent kite person in the USA.
Jul 14, 20 08:19 PM
Learn how to make an octopus kite with these easy-to-follow instructions. Fully illustrated with close-up photos.
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605 10th Ave. NW, Jamestown, ND
Veterans' Memorial
This veterans' memorial honors the brave North Dakotans who fought and died for our country, and highlights the Congressional Medal of Honor winners from our state.
Top Features
- Family-Friendly
- Free Admission
- Self-Guided Tours
All Features
- Self-Guided Tours
Cost of Admission
- Admission: Free
- Free Admission
General Information
- Hours of Operation: The grounds of Fort Seward are open to the public year-round. Fort Seward Interpretive Center is staffed daily from Memorial Day to Labor Day, 10 a.m.-6 p.m.
Guest Information
- Family-Friendly
Local: 701-251-1875Facebook


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Consumer alert
An unlicensed company named "Real Benefits Association" may be offering bogus discount health care plans in Washington state.
Again: This company is not licensed to do business in Washington state.
We've heard from consumers who said they paid monthly premiums to the Real Benefits Association, believing that they would receive legitimate medical and prescription drug coverage, but to date, the company has paid none of the health care claims they submitted.
Real Benefits Association and its owner, David Clark, were issued a cease and desist order by our office in January 2010. They are operating in violation of that order by collecting premiums for bogus discount health care coverage from Washington state consumers.


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Named by Time Magazine as "One of the five best theaters for young audiences in the U.S.," the Coterie Theatre has been delighting audiences, young and old alike, for more than 30 years.
In the first of our performARTS series in conjunction with KC Studio Magazine, Randy Mason goes behind the curtain at the Theatre's home on the first floor of Hallmark's Crown Center shops to see how Producing Artistic Director Jeff Church & Company produce a variety of youth-oriented shows and community programming.
From their current show Seussical and their New-York bound musical Lucky Duck to the Young Playwrights' Festival and the free classroom-touring Dramatic Aids Education Project, the Coterie continues to provide important entertaining and educational theater to Kansas City audiences and beyond.


text: Dana is very direct we found. She knows what she wants and isn't afraid to tell you. She likes guys that can make her laugh and are honest. Dana is a full blooded Italian girl and describes herself as fiesty, driven and fun. Hmm nice combination. She also had a suggestion for guys looking for a date. Don't go too fast. One other bit of trivia about Dana. Her birthday is the same as Marilyn Monroe's. Perhaps it's a sign of things to come.


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Obama's day: Prayer breakfast
It's a spiritual kind of day for President Obama.
The president and first lady Michelle Obama begin Thursday at the annual National Prayer Breakfast in Washington, D.C.
A Washington tradition since 1953, the National Prayer Breakfast brings together officials of all faiths and political ideologies.
"It says something about us that every year, in times of triumph and in tragedy, in calm and in crisis, we come together, not as Democrats or Republicans, but as brothers and sisters, and as children of God," Obama said during last year's event.
Obama practices a little foreign policy in the afternoon, meeting with Haiti President Michel Martelly.
"The meeting serves as an opportunity to discuss President Martelly's vision for promoting economic growth and further strengthening Haiti's democracy," the White House says.


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DWTS Season 12 – Carrie Ann Inaba Talks 'DWTS' and 'State of Grace'
So far, Carrie Anne is happy with all the contestants. She talks about who surprised and disappointed her Monday night. She is the most impressed with the "men" this year. She also discusses her dance drama "State Of Grace". They are making the pilot and hoping it will be approved for a series soon. I hope it's approved. I can't wait to watch Erik Roberts in his role.


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Topic : Term paper essay examples.
Author : Lisa Werner.
Published : Mon, Apr 8 2019 :8 AM.
Format : jpg/jpeg.
Who is your readership? This term paper should be able to address this question. The main aim of every term paper is for it to be read and appreciated by the reader. They should be convinced by your term paper that you do not only possess academic brilliance but that your manner of presentation and your style of writing ought to be emulated by students who aspire writing the term paper. Therefore, your main aim will be to compose a perfect term paper and for this to be done, you must show your manner of exploration of your sources. Sources for this paper will be gotten from various supplies. There are some which will have to be generated by you, others will be found through your teachers and classmates and others may seem far off. These are peculiar to those sources that will be used as verifications. But be careful to limit your term paper to practical sources. A reference paper would be a complex paper and if you cannot get to these sources, your research path may have a twist. This will be easy to be done if you have made use of an outline at the start to compose your paper.
A reference term paper writer must be able to evaluate his or her references and blend them together into a unified whole. During this process, you will have to sift what is good and relevant from what is irrelevant to your term paper. You will also have to verify that every idea you put into your term paper could be verifiable. Your purpose in this section will be to satisfy the inquisitive reader who seeks to verify the authenticity of your references and who will want to understand your references further. There is no way in which a term paper or even any other type of serious academic work can be done without providing an introduction of what is intended in the paper. This can normally be an introductory part of the whole term paper or it may consist of the entire term paper. While the entire term paper will relate on the introduction, the body and the conclusion, this paper under discussion will only talk of the introduction.
Beginning the term paper is a very challenging pursuit to almost every student. It may take more than your ordinary class thinking to compose a term paper. You must be able to move your thoughts out of the confines of your curriculum to something outside or not related to the curriculum. Remember that a lot of students will have to benefit from your term paper. You should further know that in such an edification paper, your brilliance may not count. What may be tested is your ability to break down complex issues for easy assimilation by other students. Therefore, your organizational skills will be needed.
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You should also know that any prudent writer will never provide you with a complete sample term paper. They give out nothing for free. If you are provided with a complete sample paper, keep in mind that this is the work of upcoming writing services that will use this as a tool to get into the market. They are aware of the fact that you do not yet know their real value and you are still in doubt of what they can give. The only ways through which they can successfully do this are to provide free term papers for you. It is also important to know the source of these term papers. This will be difficult because if you think you do not have the time to write a paper of your own, it will equally mean you will not have the time to refer to the sources listed in the paper.


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quick and easy instructions:
via: http://keepfightingprop8.ning.com/profiles/blogs/revoke-the-mormon-churchs-tax
If you're angry that a church can meddle with another state's political statutes, here's something that you can do.
To report the LDS Church to the IRS, simply take 5 minutes to print these articles out and any others you can find:
Then print and fill out http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f3949a.pdf
List the taxpayer as:
Thomas S. Monson, et al
50 East North Temple
Salt Lake City, Utah 84150
List his occupation as President and the business as the ridiculously full name of the church (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) at the same address.
Check the boxes for False Exemption and Public/Political Corruption.
Then in the Comments section demand that the LDS Church be fined and their tax-exempt status revoked for repeated and blatant violations of the IRS's separation of church and state rules, and for conspiring to interfere with a state's political process.
Check Yes under "Are books/records available?" and write in "campaign finance records."
You don't have to provide any of your own personal info.
Mail the form and the printed articles to:
Internal Revenue Service
Fresno, CA 93888
That's it. Done. Poll's closed. Book it.


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- Median Age33.4
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Family 904Non-family 409
Children 590No Children 723
- Average People Per Household2.58
- Median Household Income$68,125
- Median Housing Costs Per Month$1,055
Pine Island, MN Education Statistics
- No High School1%
- Some High School26%
- Some College30%
- Associate Degree11%
- Bachelor Degree23%
- Graduate Degree9%
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Saturday, August 26, 2006
Beach bust?
I'm doing a reading of my book tonight at the Cannon Beach Gallery. It's been on the books, as it were, for a couple of months. Beach time: they never got around to running announcements in the paper or putting up any of the thirty posters I had the publisher send them. Can't say I blame them: the weather's been beautiful, the beach beckons at any time of day or night. Who'd want to take the time to arrange things, much less show up on a Saturday night of vacation? I'm thinking I'll be talking to pictures on the wall. Which reminds me of one of the more bizarre evenings I've spent: on a trip to Death Valley, having heard about her somewhere, we stopped at a small auditorium in the middle of nowhere, desert on all sides for miles, heat shimmering even toward night. There, a woman named Marta Beckett danced her ballet every night, to music played on an old phonograph on the front of the stage, and with an audience of kings and queens and their subjects, sitting in fancy balconies, painted on the walls. That night, Judy and I were the only breathing visitors, except Marta's husband, who'd painted the walls and lifted the arm of the phonograph onto the record. That's love. Judy'll be there tonight, absorbing some of the echos.
Posted by Sid Schwab at 8:13 AM
2 comments:
Good luck on your reading! I wish I could be there!
Let us know how it turned out ... :o)
ah cannon beach! i bet people are still getting stuck on haystack rock when the tide comes in. goofy tourists...
i went to the community college in astoria with one of the daughters of dallas mckennon, who is a resident of cannon beach. lives right in front of haystack rock. he does keebler elf voices, archie cartoon voices, and played cincinati on 'daniel boone' years ago.
i hope you get a few listeners... :)
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Take Action On Advocacy Issues
If you have a story, you have the power to influence policymakers.
Policy change is one major way we can make a difference in the lives of people living with mental health conditions and their families. NAMI advocates for an array of issues including:
- Protecting people's access to treatment and services
- Attaining mental health parity
- Securing better funding for research
We maintain an active presence in the U.S. Capitol on priority issues with relationships on both sides of the aisle. NAMI also has a strong presence in all 50 states, advocating for state laws, as well as county and local policies that will ensure that people get the help they need.


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4 Dimension Advisor / The Psychic Medium In Your Pocket
By the age of six, I was having regular conversations with those who had departed. To this day, I have to consciously regulate the number of spirits I communicate with each night before going to bed.
I am excited to offer my talents as a gateway to bridging the gap between this world and the other side. I also practice energy healing to assist those suffering from energy blocks that can result in mental, physical and emotional illnesses. These abilities are my passion as I find it highly rewarding to help people gain understanding, find resolution and experience peace as a result of our time together.
Customer Feedback-
John Holland Comments about Melissa's new book:
Check out my colleague Melissa Hevenor (Psychic Medium) book! "My Life With Robin" I found her amazing and very special
Lisa Williams Facebook Comment about the reading that she had with Melissa:
Lisa stated "I don't recommend many, but I certainly recommend her!!"
Mark Rawson from Spiritual Journey Rates Melissa Number 1 in 2010.
Mark stated, I get to work with many psychics and have had many readings . Melissa has been given so many gifts. A reading from her is outstanding and goes beyond what you can get from other Psychics in the US.
Melissa's Book
My book is now shipping. Please go to your local Barnes & Noble to purchase.
Online BN Web Link
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