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Doug Kysar and Situationist contributor Jon Hanson recently posted on SSRN their important 1999 article, Taking Behavioralism Seriously: The Problem of Market Manipulation (74 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 363) on SSRN. Here is the article's abstract.
* * *
For the past few decades, cognitive psychologists and behavioral researchers have been steadily uncovering evidence that human decisionmaking processes are prone to nonrational, yet systematic, tendencies. These researchers claim not merely that we sometimes fail to abide by rules of logic, but that we fail to do so in predictable ways.
With a few notable exceptions, implications of this research for legal institutions were slow in reaching the academic literature. Within the last few years, however, we have seen an outpouring of scholarship addressing the impact of behavioral research over a wide range of legal topics. Indeed, one might predict that the current behavioral movement eventually will have an influence on legal scholarship matched only by its predecessor, the law and economics movement. Ultimately, any legal concept that relies in some sense on a notion of reasonableness or that is premised on the existence of a reasonable or rational decisionmaker will need to be reassessed in light of the mounting evidence that humans are "a reasoning rather than a reasonable animal."
This Article contributes to that reassessment by focusing on the problem of manipulability. Our central contention is that the presence of unyielding cognitive biases makes individual decisionmakers susceptible to manipulation by those able to influence the context in which decisions are made. More particularly, we believe that market outcomes frequently will be heavily influenced, if not determined, by the ability of one actor to control the format of information, the presentation of choices, and, in general, the setting within which market transactions occur. Once one accepts that individuals systematically behave in nonrational ways, it follows from an economic perspective that others will exploit those tendencies for gain.
That possibility of manipulation has a variety of implications for legal policy analysis that have heretofore gone unrecognized. This article highlights some of those implications and makes several predictions that are tested in other work.
* * *
SSRN has just announced its Journal of Behavioral & Experimental Economics and Journal of Behavioral Economics Top Ten lists for papers posted in the last 60 days. Taking Behavioralism Seriously made both lists.
To download the paper for free click here. That link will direct you to the abstract and various download options. To download the companion article, Taking Behavioralism Seriously: Som Evidence of Market Manipulation (112 Harvard L. Rev. 1420) click here. For a sample of related Situationist posts, see "Promoting Smoking through Situation" and "The Situation of Subprime Mortgage Contracts – Abstract."


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text:
Ceton InfiniTV 4
|Ceton InfiniTV 4
|Vendors Website
|Input Formats
|Support Status
|Supported to be included in 0.25, user patch to support 0.24-fixes
|Sound Driver
|not applicable
|not applicable
The Ceton InfiniTV 4 is a PCIe 1x card with four CableCARD 2.0 tuners. Unlike the Silicondust HDHomeRun Prime the InfiniTV tunes up to four cable channels with an M-type CableCARD obtained from a cable company, and does not require an Ethernet connection of its own. Due to differences between cable companies, the exact channels you are able to receive with MythTV can vary. The card is also capable of being used without a CableCARD to tune Clear QAM channels.
- 1 Physical Installation
- 2 Overview of your card's installation
- 3 Obtaining / Installing Drivers
- 4 Setting up the Network Driver
- 5 Accessing the web browser
- 6 Test-Driving a Channel
- 7 Configuring MythTV
- 8 Re-start the MythTV Back-End / Test
- 9 More on Encryption
Physical Installation
Some users have reported issues with the card properly seating. This seems due to a poor motherboard to case angle issue that causes the card to "pop" out of the PCIe slot when screwed into the case. For most, simply bending the metal backing piece that screws into the case has allowed them to have a properly seated card after being screwed in.
Overview of your card's installation
The Ceton InfiniTV 4 card is basically running a mini Linux distribution on-board. You interface with it via a web browser, much like a home router. There are other interfaces (like uPNP, which MythTV will be using) but the web browser is a great way to ensure it's working properly.
Being basically a mini Linux distribution, the card actually comes integrated with a network driver that gets installed on your system, called ctn0. You'll have to set this up as well before you can use the integrated browser functionality (more on that below).
Obtaining / Installing Drivers
Drivers for the device can be found on the manufacturers webpage here. You can also find the latest firmware files for the device on that page. The installation is straight-forward; follow the README file's directions with the browser. You shouldn't have to update the firmware.
Ubuntu up to and including 12.04 does *not* have the driver installed in the kernel or in a debian package, so you'll have to follow the above.
You should install your CableCARD when physically installing this card. If not, you can do it after getting the device set up.
Setting up the Network Driver
The Ceton card runs a DHCP server so most distros will automatically give your machine an IP address on the ctn0 device once you install the driver. If not, you can add the adapter to your /etc/network/interfaces like any other interface.
CentOS6, RHEL6, SL6
The machine detects the ctn0 but does not assign an IP to the card. You need to create an ifcfg-ctn0 in the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts folder with an IP on the same network range of the tuner card which is typically 192.168.200.1. An example of the ifcfg-ctn0 file is below:
DEVICE="ctn0" ONBOOT="yes" TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.200.2 NAME="System ctn0"
If your system doesn't automatically assign an address to the card, you can add the following lines to /etc/network/interfaces:
allow-hotplug ctn0 iface ctn0 inet static address 192.168.200.200 network 192.168.200.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
Re-addressing a used card
If your card has been used somewhere else and/or the IP of the card has changed then you will need to use the network reset python script on the ceton website here. Just download the script, chmod +x ./reset_network.py, then just run it ./reset_network.py
Accessing the web browser
You should be able to now access the card's internals from your web browser, typically at 192.168.200.1. You'll need to get your CableCARD activated at this time. Give this a try before going on to the next paragraph.
If you would like to access the tuner from a machine that isn't your MythTV backend (either by choice or because you have to), you can "port-forward" the web port using SSH. Don't worry about the syntax of the line or what magic you might be doing: Ctrl+C will completely un-do all of it safely.
In the below example, $MY_IPADDRESS is the address of the MythTV back-end, and $USERNAME is the MythTV machine's Linux username. You'll want to run the following from the machine on which you would like to access the web interface.
ssh -L:8001:192.168.200.1:80 -l $USERNAME $MY_IPADDRESS # only run this next line if you have more than one Ceton card. If not, you can omit it. ssh -L:8002:192.168.200.3:80 -l $USERNAME $MY_IPADDRESS
You then should be able to access your tuner card from the following link (or this one for your second Ceton card, if applicable). Whenever you're done, you can cancel out the above SSH command and you're back to normal. Whenever you want to re-access the tuner from the remote machine, you can re-run the above command.
Your Cable Company
After installing the card and inserting a CableCARD you will need to contact your cable company to Bind and Validate the card. To obtain the information they will ask you, go to the IP address for the card and select CableCARD from the horizontal menu at the top. This screen will show you the activation status of your card. If you look down the page, about half way you will see a link for CableCARD(tm) Pairing DSG clicking on this will open a window that shows the following information for your card and device,
In order to start cable service for this device, please contact your cable provider 1-xxx-xxx-xxxx CableCARD ID: xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx-x Host ID: xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx-x Data: xxx-xxx-xxx-xx UnitAddress: xxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xx Card S/N: yyxxxyyyxxx eCM MAC: Unknown Host MAC: zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz Host Type: One-way
This should be all of the info you need. I personally had to call back after they claimed everything went through, yet it did not actually work. When it works, you will see that it no longer claims to not "bind" with the service, and is downloading channel information. This can take up to 45 minutes.
Test-Driving a Channel
Once the above is done, you should test output using mplayer as per the README's instructions that came with the driver. Using the web interface, select the first tuner. Go to 'one', then the 'tuner' tab. Hopefully you have channels in the drop-down: if not, double-check your CableCARD activation (make sure it claims it's bound and activated) and make sure you waited 45 minutes since it said it was bound and activated. Select a channel in the drop-down: I would pick one that might be in the clear to ensure you don't have encryption issues (say, channel 3, or 5, or 8 in the United States). Then click "Set Channel." It should reload the page and claim a good signal-to-noise ratio (some negative number that's higher than -7; mine was -17.4).
You can install mplayer, on Ubuntu, with:
sudo apt-get install mplayer
You can then try playing your selected channel:
cat /dev/ceton/ctn91xx_mpeg0_0 | mplayer -cache 8192 -
With any luck, you'll see an mplayer window pull up playing your video.
I don't see any video, and mplayer claims the buffer isn't filling beyond 0.00% -- Did you select a channel from the pull-down menu and submit it? Reading through that page, does anything look amiss like it couldn't get a lock on the channel? Is the signal-to-noise ratio weak? Did your CableCARD activation go through successfully? Try a few other channels on the web interface as well, and repeat the experiment. Some might be encrypted.
It says "Device or Resource Busy" when trying to do the test playback -- There's something else trying to watch TV at the same time. Is MythTV already set up? Did you not close out a previous mplayer test? Did you have anything try to open up /dev/ceton/ctn91xx_mpeg0_0 before that might be running in the background?
It says "Permission Denied" when trying to do the test playback -- Make sure the device itself is readable by everyone. You should try running the following command and checking that your output has the "crw-rw-rw" line:
user@machine:~ $ ls -l /dev/ceton/ctn91xx_mpeg0_0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 231, 1 Oct 28 19:19 /dev/ceton/ctn91xx_mpeg0_0
I can't hear anything but I can see a picture -- Video and audio come over the same MPEG feed out of your player, so it's going to be something dumb like the volume not up on your MythTV machine or in mplayer itself. It really can't be anything more sophisticated.
The video has these weird horizontal lines when things move; the faster, the longer the lines -- That's an interlacing problem. MythTV can be set to correct for that, so don't despair!
Configuring MythTV
You'll want to now enter MythTV's setup. Type the following from the command line (works in Ubuntu, at least):
sudo service mythtv-backend stop mythtv-setup
You should be looking at the MythTV setup options.
Create the Recorders
In MythTV you will want to create four "Ceton Cablecard tuner" recorders for each installed Ceton card (you probably only have one card). You want them to have the following settings:
- IP address: 192.168.200.1. If you have more physical Ceton and Cable cards, they're 192.168.200.3, 192.168.200.5, etc.
- Device: If your card is not physically connected to your MythTV backend (unlikely), you'll want this to be 'RTP.' I wasn't able to get RTP to work at all, and I was physically connected, so I followed the instructions and made it '0'
- Tuner: Each of your four recorders that you create should be numbered 0, 1, 2, 3, one number each.
Create the Video Source
You'll also need to create a Video Source (just one). This is basically your "TV Guide" that sends the channel listings to your device and what shows are on what channels at what time.. In the United States, you can go to SchedulesDirect and subscribe to have your channel listings updated and sent to you. You'll have to pay a small annual fee for this.
Configure the SchedulesDirect (or whatever) video source; have it pull down your "listing." I had to do this numerous times before it gave me a channel list. If you don't ever get a channel list (after like 20 attempts) make sure you added a channel listing in the SchedulesDirect interface itself. You'll need to know your cable provider for this.
Your video source, in the United States, is probably "us-cable". You can always go for "try-all" if you're not sure, but it will take awhile.
Configure your Recorders to use your Video Source
Not hard; just make sure you do this. I forget what menu it's in, but it's reasonably straightforward.
Exit out and populate your channel sources
I had bad luck trying to forge ahead without pulling channels at this point, and if you're a novice at this, it will make things more confusing. You should exit out of mythtv-setup and run:
This will populate the MythTV database with all of your channels and shows. It might take a good 30 minutes to run.
When this completes, get back into the setup:
Channel Scan
You don't need to do this, and when I tried it, the code didn't exist yet to scan for channels. You don't need to. Ignore the errors you find here.
Go through all the menus and make sure everything "looks OK."
Re-start the MythTV Back-End / Test
At this point, you're ready to give it a try. Exit out of the setup, re-start the back-end and test:
sudo service mythtv-backend start mythfrontend
Try watching live TV. With luck, you'll be off and running!
More on Encryption
Linux is not a full DRM solution, and you can't adhere to the copy protection schemes that your cable company sends. Therefore, the only things you can copy have either no copyright (CCI) info sent, or it's stated that you can freely copy it. Anecdotal evidence on the Internet suggests that some cable companies are cool this way and let you copy basically anything that isn't a premium movie on a major PPV channel (such as Comcast) and some mark everything with restricted copying (such as Time Warner). This evidence may be wrong and change at any time, but that's what I read in my research.
For what it's worth, I have Comcast, and can successfully record anything I've tried.
You should talk to your cable company before buying this card and ask what's available.
patch for 0.24-fixes
Ronald Frazier has graciously spend the time to create a patch for 0.24-fixes that will enable use of this card. He has written a 3 part series on his MythTV blog about the patch as well as instructions on how to apply it to source, and how to compile it for Ubuntu 11, which also works with slight modification for Ubuntu 10.


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Drivers using cell phones more likely to speed
According to the survey conducted by the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, motorists who use cell phones while driving are more likely to engage in speeding, driving drowsy, driving without a seat belt, and sending texts and emails.
Motorists who fairly often or regularly used their cell phones over the last month also reported that they engaged in additional risky behaviors. The research shows:
- 65 percent also reported speeding
- 44 percent also reported driving while drowsy
- 53 percent also reported sending a text or email
- 29 percent also drove without a seat belt
Drivers that reported never using a cell phone were much less likely to report additional risky behaviors:
- 31 percent reported speeding
- 14 percent reported driving drowsy
- 3 percent reported sending a text or email
- 16 percent drove without a seat belt
AAA recommends that motorists turn off their phone before driving or pull over to a safe place to talk, send texts or use email. AAA also has launched a legislative campaign to advocate for a text messaging ban in all 50 states
For more information, visit AAA.com or aaafoundation.org.


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Microsoft has filed a patent infringement lawsuit against navigation device maker TomTom. The suit alleges that several of TomTom's products, including some that are Linux-based, infringe on a handful of Microsoft's patents. Several of the patents in question relate to car computing systems and navigation, but there are also two that cover Microsoft's FAT32 filesystem. If Microsoft begins to systematically enforce its FAT32 patents, it could have broad ramifications for the Linux platform and for mobile device makers.
The lawsuit, which was reported today at Todd Bishop's Microsoft blog, is thought to be the first time that Microsoft has directly targeted Linux with patent litigation. In an interview with Bishop, Microsoft deputy general counsel for intellectual property Horacio Gutierrez claims that this is not the beginning of a broader intellectual property campaign against Linux. Gutierrez characterizes the lawsuit as a last resort option that Microsoft is pursuing after attempting to negotiate a private settlement with TomTom for over a year.
Two of the patents in question are #5,579,517 and #5,758,352 which cover techniques for implementing a "common name space for long and short filenames." The patents basically cover a backwards compatibility hack that Microsoft implemented in its filesystem to preserve compatibility with the filename munging scheme that was used in MS-DOS where filenames were limited to 11 characters in length. The software methods described in the patent are used in modern variants of Microsoft's FAT filesystem.
Microsoft's FAT patents have been vigorously challenged in court, but were finally upheld in 2006. Eben Moglen—a Columbia University law professor and the chairman of the Software Freedom Law Center—once described the FAT patents as a "proverbial Sword of Damocles hanging over the open source community" and warned that Microsoft could use them to do immense damage to the Linux platform. Indeed, Microsoft's filesystem format is used broadly on external storage devices such as camera memory cards.
TomTom publishes a list of GPL-licensed software that is used in the company's products. One of the items on that list is dosfstools, a package of tools that are used to perform various checking and repair operations on FAT filesystems. It's not clear yet if dosfstools itself is the source of the patent infringement, but it seems likely that FAT support in general is problematic. The dosfstools package is also used on Amazon's Kindle, Google's Android platform, and Nokia's Maemo platform.
If Microsoft attempts to broadly enforce this patent against Linux users and vendors, the Open Invention Network (OIN) might decide to invoke the so-called "nuclear option" and retaliate with its own massive arsenal of software patents. The OIN, which was founded to assemble a defensive patent portfolio for protecting Linux and some open source technologies, includes patents on basic principles of computing including networking, e-business, and bytecode compilation.
Microsoft has previously made broad threats against the Linux kernel and the broader open source application ecosystem, alleging that the Linux desktop stack infringes on over 200 of the company's patents. These claims have never been substantiated and Microsoft has never disclosed specific details about which patents it believes have been infringed.
Other Microsoft patents that TomTom allegedly infringes inlcude #6,704,032, which covers "Methods and Arrangements for Interacting with Controllable Objects within a Graphical User Interface Environment Using Various Input Mechanisms", and #6,175,789 which covers methods for creating a "Vehicle Computer System with Open Platform Architecture." Microsoft is asking the court for an injunction against TomTom and treble damages for willful infringement.
Listing image by OpenTom Wiki


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Some civic leaders point to the disintegration of neighborhoods
By Andrew Welsh-Huggins
AP Legal Affairs Writer
EAST CLEVELAND, Ohio (AP) — The soul-searching has begun in and around Cleveland — again — as the chilling details emerge from the latest missing-women case to send a shiver through the metropolitan area.
A registered sex offender was charged Monday with murder and kidnapping in the slayings of three women whose bodies were found in plastic trash bags in a run-down East Cleveland neighborhood. It is the third major case in four years of multiple killings or abductions to haunt the Rust Belt metropolis.
"I do think we have to ask ourselves as a community the larger question: Why here, and what can we do to better understand the conditions that fostered this savage behavior?" said Dennis Eckert, a political and urban-policy consultant and former Cleveland-area congressman.
Some civic leaders say the explanation lies in the disintegration of neighborhoods and people's connections to one another, plus a general mistrust of police — conditions that make it easier for a predator to kill without others noticing anything or reporting their suspicions.
Cleveland was a robust steel town for generations but has struggled for decades, ever since manufacturing went into a decline in the 1970s. Today it regularly ranks among the poorest big cities in America.
Per-capita income is just $17,000 in Cleveland and even lower, at $16,000, in next-door East Cleveland, where the bodies were found Friday and Saturday.
Greater Cleveland lost more jobs than other big city in the U.S. between May 2012 and this past May, at a time when hiring was finally picking up again in many parts of the country.
Last year, Cuyahoga County, home to both Cleveland and East Cleveland, topped the list of foreclosures in Ohio with 11,427, according to Policy Matters Ohio, a Cleveland think tank.
A walk down almost any street in East Cleveland brings the crisis home. Boarded-up houses and ramshackle apartment buildings are a common sight.
On Sunday, volunteers scoured 40 of those homes, looking for any additional victims of Michael Madison, the man charged in the latest slayings.
A foul odor reported by a neighbor led to the discovery of the bodies and the arrest of Madison, 35, who served four years in prison for attempted rape and a drug offense.
At a court hearing Monday, Madison was ordered held on $6 million bail. He did not enter a plea.
The medical examiner has yet to establish the victims' cause of death; two were too badly decomposed to identify.
Authorities over the weekend said the victims were killed six to 10 days earlier. But the charges read in court specified a wider time frame for the alleged crimes — days or months before the bodies were found.
In May, Cleveland was electrified by the discovery of three women who authorities say had been held captive for a decade in a house in a rough neighborhood dotted with boarded-up homes on Cleveland's
west side.
Ariel Castro, a former school bus driver, has been charged with nearly 1,000 counts of kidnapping, rape and other crimes and has pleaded not guilty. Many questioned how he could have held the women for so long without someone noticing something wrong.
Four years ago, Cleveland was shocked by the arrest of Anthony Sowell, who stalked and killed 11 women on Cleveland's east side and hid the bodies around his house and yard. He was found guilty in 2011 and sentenced to death.
Many of Sowell's victims were drug addicts who were never reported missing. Law enforcement authorities were accused of fostering an environment that made residents, many of them black, reluctant to call police.
That mistrust led to the creation of insular islands in poor neighborhoods that make it easy for predators like Sowell to operate, said James Renner, a Cleveland investigative reporter, film producer and author of "The Serial Killer's Apprentice," about 13 unsolved crimes in Cleveland.
"Human predators work very similarly to predators in nature," Renner said. "They will go to the place that they have the highest rate of success, where they can stalk without being caught or seen or reported."
This week's news comes at a time when Cleveland is in many ways reinventing itself.
The city just opened a $465 million convention center and exhibit hall. The Horseshoe Casino has opened in a former department store, bringing scores of visitors. And parts of downtown are bustling with a vibrant restaurant scene and the first new apartments in decades.
Across the street from the new convention center, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is hosting an exhibit on the Rolling Stones. The Cleveland Indians are in second place in the American League's Central Division.
And next year, the city hosts the Gay Games, expected to attract 30,000 visitors.
This week, the city is filling up with 11,000 older athletes competing in the National Senior Games. But the lead headline in The Plain Dealer that greeted many participants Monday was: "Discovery of three bodies again raises issue of violence against women here."
The crimes are affecting the image people have of Cleveland, said East Cleveland resident Ali Bilal.
"They're thinking it's one of those places that you don't want to go," he said. "It's like a horror show."
Yet ask other people in East Cleveland about the long-term effect of this latest tragedy, and many return to the same thing: At least it's bringing people together.
"Maybe after all this, maybe this will bring a change to East Cleveland," Vanessa Jones said Sunday as she watched investigators search a vacant lot near where the bodies were found. "Hopefully. Pray for that."


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How It Works
How can USJunkCars.com offer cash for clunkers of all makes, models, and conditions? It's simple, really. Here's an overview of how the process works:
- You decide you're tired of looking at that unsightly junk car on your property, or perhaps you're sick of dealing with neighbor complaints.
- You call USJunkCars.com to inquire about our cash for clunkers program or use our online form to request a quote.
- You'll provide us with some basic information about the vehicle and our friendly staff will provide you with information on how much money we can offer for the vehicle.
- We'll arrange a time and location for the car removal. USJunkCars.com serves the entire Waterbury, CT area. Same-day or 24-hour pickup is available in some instances, so please feel free to inquire!
- One of our friendly auto removal technicians will arrive at your location to collect your vehicle and you'll get cash for your clunker! Our techs will also provide you with a receipt for your records.
- Your old car will be taken to our junkyard facility, where it will be evaluated. Useful auto parts that are in good condition will be removed and offered for resale. Some wrecks may be sold as fixer-uppers.
- In cases where many of the car parts are removed, the remaining car parts will be sold for scrap metal and recycled.
With USJunkCars.com cash for the clunkers auto recycling program, everybody wins! You'll get rid of that old car and you'll get cash, and we'll get vehicles that we'll use for parts or scrap.
Don't pay someone for car removal services! Sell junk cars for cash with USJunkCars.com! We provide free tow-away services for old cars that don't run, so you won't need to spend a dime to get rid of that old auto; we pay you cash for your car!
How to Get Cash for a Car
Are you wondering how much money you can get for your old car, truck, van, or SUV?
Simply call USJunkCars.com at (203) 496-8644.
Our car recycling experts will ask you a bit of general information about your auto, including:
- Make;
- Model;
- Year;
- General condition;
- Problems and damage;
- Information on any missing parts or components.
Based on the information you provide, we can offer a quote for how much money you'll get for the vehicle.
Also, check out USJunkCars.com online quote request form. Simply complete the form and you'll get an instant offer of cash for an old truck, car, SUV, or van!
Can I Still Get Cash for My Old Car if I Don't Have a Title? Keys?
Don't have a title for your old car? No worries! USJunkCars.com can still give you money for an old car providing it meets the following criteria:
- You must be the vehicle's owner;
- The automobile must be 10 years old or older;
- The vehicle is registered in your name.
If you meet these criteria, then USJunkCars.com can give you cash for your old car. We also give cash for old trucks, SUVs, minivans, and vans.Since we'll be towing your vehicle, then selling it for parts or scrap, we don't need the keys. Of course, the keys are helpful, but if you don't have them available, we can still remove the vehicle and give you cash for your unwanted car!
Before You Get Rid of That Old Car...
Before the vehicle is removed from the premises and towed away, you must remember to remove your personal belongings from inside the auto. In addition, you will be asked to remove the license plates, which must be returned to the Department of Motor Vehicles.
Also, if the vehicle is registered, remember to contact your insurance company to cancel the policy on your car.
If you don't own the vehicle, you must provide USJunkCars.com with a title that has been signed over to you by the legal owner. In cases where an old car has been abandoned on your property, you will need to contact your local police department to obtain special paperwork that must be completed. Once this is tended to, you can sell the junk car for cash from USJunkCars.com!
Don't let that eyesore sit on your property any longer! Get cash for old cars and trucks with USJunkCars.com auto salvage and recycling program.
We offer cash for clunkers to private citizens, non-profit organizations, and commercial establishments.
Get Money for Your Old Car!
Selling your car's parts on Craigslist can be time-consuming - it can literally take months or years to find buyers for all the parts, plus you'll need to actually remove the parts, clean them and ship them out to the buyers! It's a huge time-consuming hassle!
And leaving that old vehicle to rot on your property causes a tremendous eyesore, plus it's a liability!
Get cash for cars in Waterbury, Connecticut and the surrounding area with USJunkCars.com!
Use our online form to find out how much cash you can get for that old vehicle!
Or call USJunkCars.com today at (203) 496-8644.
→ Who buys junk cars in Waterbury, Connecticut?
If you are looking for someones who buy junk cars in Waterbury, CT - you are in the right place.
Buyers are:
- Salvage Yards
- Junk Yards
- Auto wreckers
But, if you are interested in who pays the most for junk cars in Waterbury - USJunkCars.com is your choice. We Pay Top Dollar for all unwanted cars in any condition! Call us at (203) 496-8644
→ Who buys junk cars without title in Waterbury, CT?
Many of our customers ask themselves: Can I sell my junk car without a title & how can I junk my car without a title in Waterbury.
People often lose the titles of their cars, and we buy junk cars without titles depending on the State Regulation. All we need is the VIN (vehicle identification number) from the car, and we can perform a title search with the Waterbury DMV. If there is no lien on the title, and your state permits us to purchase your vehicle without the title, you're free and clear and ready to receive your cash. If there is a lien on the title, we can assist you with releasing it from the lienholder. And you can receive cash for scrap car without a title.
Just call USJunkCars.com at (203) 496-8644
Some of Customer Reviews in Waterbury:
By Veritas (Connecticut, Waterbury), on August 24, 2022
Amazing It's simply amazing how all of these reviews in all the different states came from the same people. Wow!. They sure must own a lot of houses and junk cars!
By Presley Streich (Connecticut, Waterbury), on August 31, 2022
I was a bit skeptical at first because I had never heard of these guys. But I gave them a shot and the whole process was painless. They came out and towed my car away for free. I had an old Honda that was not worth anything. And to be honest, I did not even have the title for it. Forgot about it in a old box in my garage. But they did not care. The whole thing took less than 3 hours and they paid me $725 on
By Boris Crist (Connecticut, Waterbury), on July 1, 2022
I was looking for a car scrapping service to take away my old Lexus, and these guys were simply awesome. I had an old beater that I did not know what to do with. I gave them a call and they made me an offer right then on the phone. The best part was that they were able to come out that very day and take away my car. Simply amazing!
By Foster Littel (Connecticut, Waterbury), on August 26, 2022
I was super skeptical about the way things worked at JunkCarsUS, but once I had my car's appraisal, they came and picked it up that day. They gave me cash on the spot.
By Clint Weimann (Connecticut, Waterbury), on July 28, 2022
I was trying to get rid of a car for my mother. I wanted to sell the car but I didn't want to put any money into it. They came out and picked up the car and even tow-ed it away for me! They paid me exactly what they told me they would pay me.
By Tod Pagac (Connecticut, Waterbury), on June 26, 2022
I would strongly recommend this company to anyone who needs to get rid of a junk car.
By Jarred Donnelly (Connecticut, Waterbury), on April 16, 2022
My car broke down and I called US Junk Cars to see if they could help me out. They came over within the hour, gave me cash and towed my car away. Really awesome service!
By Reuben Cook (Connecticut, Waterbury), on July 19, 2022
Search for cars trucks buyers, and usjunkcars came up. Called them, and the next day my truck was gun.
By Alphonso Krajcik (Connecticut, Waterbury), on April 6, 2022
Thank you for your service, I was very pleased with how smooth the transaction went.
By Mr. Jayde Osinski III (Connecticut, Waterbury), on September 4, 2022
Thank You US Junk Cars!
Share your thoughts with community.
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We pickup junk cars in the following zip codes in Waterbury:
We buy junk cars in the following cities New Haven county:
- Ansonia
- Beacon Falls Township
- Bethany Township
- Branford Township
- Branford Center
- Cheshire Township
- Cheshire Village
- Derby
- East Haven Township
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- Hamden Township
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- Meriden
- Middlebury Township
- Milford
- Naugatuck
- New Haven
- North Branford Township
- North Haven Township
- Orange Township
- Oxford Township
- Prospect Township
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- Wallingford Township
- Wallingford Center
- West Haven
- Wolcott Township
- Woodbridge Township
- Milford city
Customer TestimonialsView more...
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Adam Levine and the guys will be joined by Luke Bryan and Taylor Swift, who is hosting the night's festivities.
The show will announce nominations in several categories as well as feature other performances by past GRAMMY Award winners and nominees. This is the fifth time the nominations will be announced live.
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Or just wait for Maroon 5 to hit the road this winter for their biggest tour yet.
- Shannon Carlin, CBS Local
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I'm Objective, You're Biased
Posted by Emily Pronin on March 6, 2008
[This post was first published in October. It is being re-published this week because of its relevance to this Saturday's conference at Harvard Law School, hosted by the Project on Law & Mind Sciences (for details, go to the conference webpage here).]
Take a look around and you'll witness bias virtually everywhere you turn. Even professionals and those charged with making objective decisions are surprisingly biased. Take, for example, the judgment-distorting influence of self-interest: Recent news reports have described the biasing effect on doctors of receiving gifts from pharmaceutical representatives, on "independent" financial auditors of taking paychecks from the companies they audit, on "representative" politicians of receiving support from their most "generous" constituents, and on research scientists of accepting funding from sponsors with an agenda. Depending on your perspective, one part or another of the media is obviously biased. In the sports world, referees and umpires often seem less than fully neutral. And on the bench, even robed judges sometimes appear to have one finger on the scale.
At the same time that the world around us seems overflowing with biased actors, we are often surprised, even offended, to have to defend our own judgments and decisions against the charge of bias – especially when we are certain that we have acted with the utmost integrity.
To each of us, it seems as clear that others are biased as it is plain that we are not.
My colleagues Daniel Lin, Lee Ross, and I referred to that asymmetry in perceptions of bias, whereby people often readily detect the presence of bias in others while at the same time denying it in themselves, as a "bias blind spot".
In a recent series of experiments, graduate student Matthew Kugler and I tracked down a source of this phenomenon. It lies in the unconscious nature of bias, coupled with people's unwarranted faith in the value of their conscious introspections (that is, their thoughts, motives, intentions, etc.), which people consult to assess their own bias.
Because bias tends to occur non-consciously, searching for it in one's explicit thoughts is a little like looking for one's car in the refrigerator. In assessing other peoples' bias, however, we tend to look at their behavior. Although people's actions are certainly an imperfect indicator of non-conscious bias, it's about as close as one is generally going to get to peering into the garage.
Consider the following example. One of your colleagues just hired his old college buddy for the new associate position. In judging whether his decision was biased, your colleague might recall his conscious efforts to be objective in reviewing the pool of applicants, or he might simply recall not feeling any signs of bias clouding his assessments. From his perspective, he hired someone he liked and felt was best qualified for the position. While his introspections thus leave him confident that his selection was objectively made, his behavior would likely leave you confident in that it wasn't.
One reason for those contrasting conclusions is that people have access to their own thoughts, feelings, and intentions, but are in the dark when it comes to those of others. Our own thoughts come to us as a bright beacon while those of others are a black box. A more subtle distinction, though, motivated our most recent research. We wondered if people's focus on others' actions, rather than their inner thoughts and intentions, reflected more than just a lack of introspective illumination. More specifically, we wanted to examine if it also reflected an asymmetry in people's beliefs about the relative credibility of their own thoughts and intentions versus those of others.
In terms of the college-buddy example, that is, we predicted that knowing your coworker's intention to be fair and his faith in the talents of an old pal (and knowing his absence of any willful bias) would not radically change your (or other onlookers') perceptions of his bias. And that is what we found: people's lack of reliance on others' introspections is in part due to a diminished valuation of those introspections.
In one experiment, we had subjects take a purported social intelligence test, gave them negative feedback about their score, and then asked them to evaluate the quality of the test after first thinking aloud about it. Later, when those subjects were asked whether they had been biased in their evaluation of the test, they ignored their evaluation of the test and instead focused on their thoughts and motives. Those thoughts and motives yielded no signs of bias, and therefore the subjects assumed that their evaluations were objective. A separate group of subjects in that experiment did not take the test but instead observed a peer take it and evaluate its validity. Those observer subjects tended to take a different approach to assessing the presence of bias. Although they heard the test-takers' thoughts, they ignored them. Instead, they looked to the test-takers' behavior and, in particular, to whether the test takers claimed that the test was invalid right after performing poorly on it. Thus, they attended to a peer's actions for assessing that peer's bias, while the subjects themselves relied on internal information to assess their own bias.
In another experiment, we asked participants to report their susceptibility to various classic biases that distort human judgment. These included the self-serving bias (taking too much credit for successes and too little credit for failures), the fundamental attribution error (mistakenly viewing people's outcomes as a function of their personality rather than their circumstances), and the halo effect (viewing people as positive on numerous dimensions when they are known to be positive on one). Those subjects showed the usual tendency to view themselves as less biased than their peers. When asked how they made their judgment, they reported considering their own intentions, but their peers' behavior. In a follow-up experiment, we asked them how valuable they felt introspective information versus behavioral information would be in making judgments about bias. They reported that introspective information would be valuable in assessing their own bias, but believed that it would not be as valuable for other people to use introspective information when assessing their bias; rather, they suggested, others should look to behavior.
Inspired by those findings, we conducted another experiment to test a possible strategy for reducing people's bias blind spot. That strategy involved teaching people that their judgments can be affected by processes (such as biases) that operate unconsciously. Such education, we reasoned, could help people to recognize their susceptibility to bias by preventing them from relying on introspective evidence of it. In our experiment, some subjects read a fabricated article informing them about the role of nonconscious processes in judgment, and about people's lack of awareness when they are influenced by unconscious processes. Other subjects were in a control condition and did not read that article. Both groups read a filler article masking our true interests. Then, in an ostensibly separate experiment, participants were asked to indicate their personal susceptibility relative to their student peers to a variety of different judgmental biases. The result was that participants who had been educated about nonconscious processes (and the perils of relying on introspection) saw themselves as no more objective than their peers, unlike those in the control condition. The two conditions differed significantly from each other, indicating that the intervention reduced the bias blind spot.
People's willingness to recognize their own biases is, of course, an important first step in prompting them to correct for and overcome those influences. Once people are able to recognize that they can be biased without knowing it, perhaps they can stop relying on their good intentions and introspectively clean consciences for evidence of their own freedom from biases that range from corrupt, to discriminatory, to unfairly conflictual behavior. From that more humble starting point, they may be more open to engaging in efforts to rid themselves of their own biases and to understanding how others can be biased without knowing it. Such efforts are not just scientifically sensible, they are socially wise.
* * *
For a sampling of scholarship related to topics discussed in this post, see the following:
- Dana, J., & Loewenstein, G. (2003). A social science perspective on gifts to physicians from industry. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290, 252-255.
- Moore, D. A., Tetlock, P. E., Tanlu, L., & Bazerman, M. H. (2006). Conflicts of interest and the case of auditor independence. Academy of Management Review, 31, 10-29.
- Pronin, E. (2007). Perception and misperception of bias in human judgment. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 37-43.
- Uhlmann, E. L., & Cohen, G. L. (2005). Constructed criteria: Redefining merit to justify discrimination. Psychological Science, 16, 474-480.
For some previous Situationist posts on related topics, see "Mistakes Were Made (but not be me)," "Lima Beans–Yuch! (Why Wanting Not To Be Prejudiced May Not Be Enough)," "Self-Serving Biases," "Captured Science," "Unlevel Playing Fields: From Baseball Diamonds to Emergency Rooms," "The Situation of Judging," "Industry-Funded Research – Part I," and "Industry-Funded Research – Part II."
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This entry was posted on March 6, 2008 at 12:27 am and is filed under Conflict, Ideology, Implicit Associations, Social Psychology. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
6 Responses to "I'm Objective, You're Biased"
jsalvati said
That is a very cool result. Glad you reposted it. Has this site posted about "self-interest bias"?
situationistguest said
Jsalvati – you can find some related posts here.
April 14, 2008 at 12:01 am
[…] situation. Ross has also worked with several Situationist contributors, including Emily Pronin (on the bias blind spot) and Aaron Kay (on situational […]
June 10, 2009 at 12:01 am
[…] read other Situationist posts by Emily Pronin or about her work, see "I'm Objective, You're Biased," "Naive Cynicism – Abstract," "The Magic of Jonathan Papelbon's […]
July 6, 2009 at 1:11 am
[…] – Part VII," "The Situation of Biased Perceptions," and posts, see ""I'm Objective, You're Biased." Possibly related posts: (automatically generated)Emily Pronin on the Situation of […]
March 13, 2011 at 11:48 pm
[…] List of cognitive biases (Wikipedia) Article: I'm objective, you're biased […]


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