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Due to ongoing parts shortage issues impacting global production, the availability of some equipment, options or features may be limited. Please contact your local Audi Dealer for more information, and be sure to verify the vehicle you purchase includes all expected features and equipment. Thank you for your patience as we work to navigate these limitations.
Pre-Owned 2019 AudiA3 2.0T Sedan
- Stock: K101554A
- Exterior Color
- Brilliant Black
- Interior Color
- Black
- Odometer
- 43,908 miles
- Fuel Economy
- 26/35 MPG City/Hwy
- Body/Seating
- Sedan/5 seats
- Transmission
- 7-Speed Automatic S tronic
- Drivetrain
- Engine
- 2.0L 2.0-liter TFSI four-cylinder engine
Highlighted Features
- Leather upholstery
- Automatic temperature control
- Power moonroof
- Wireless phone connectivity
- Exterior parking camera rear
- Front dual zone A/C
- Rain sensing wipers
- Speed sensitive wipers
Detailed Specifications
- 1-touch down
- 1-touch up
- Air conditioning
- Automatic temperature control
- Driver door bin
- Driver vanity mirror
- Front beverage holders
- Front dual zone A/C
- Illuminated entry
- Passenger door bin
- Passenger vanity mirror
- Power moonroof
- Power windows
- Rear beverage holders
- Remote keyless entry
- Speed control
- Telescoping steering wheel
- Tilt steering wheel
- Alloy wheels
- Four wheel independent suspension
- Front anti-roll bar
- Power steering
- Rear anti-roll bar
- Speed-sensing steering
- 1st row LCD monitors: 2
- AM/FM radio: SiriusXM
- CD player
- CD-MP3 decoder
- Diversity antenna
- Primary LCD size: 7.0"
- Radio data system
- Satellite radio trial duration with new vehicle purchase (months): 3
- Smart device integration: Audi smartphone interface (Apple CarPlay/Android Auto)
- Steering wheel mounted audio controls
- Wireless phone connectivity: Bluetooth
- Front center armrest
- Front seats: bucket
- Heated front seats
- Leather shift knob
- Leather steering wheel
- Leather upholstery
- Max seating capacity: 5
- Power 4-way driver lumbar support
- Power driver seat
- Rear seat center armrest
- Rear seats: bench
- Rear seats Folding position: fold forward seatback
- Split folding rear seat
- Compressor: intercooled turbo
- Cylinder configuration: I-4
- Drive type: front-wheel
- Engine liters: 2.0
- Engine location: front
- Fuel economy city: 26mpg
- Fuel economy combined: 29mpg
- Fuel economy highway: 35mpg
- Fuel tank capacity: 13.2gal.
- Horsepower: 184hp @ 4,300RPM
- Manual-shift auto: S tronic
- Mode select transmission
- Number of valves: 16
- Recommended fuel: Regular Unleaded
- Torque: 221 lb.-ft. @ 1,600RPM
- Transmission: 7 speed automatic with auto-shift
- Variable valve control
- Bumpers: body-color
- Door mirrors: body-color
- Heated door mirrors
- Power door mirrors
- Rear cargo: trunk
- Tailpipe finisher: chrome
- Turn signal indicator mirrors
- Compression ratio: 11.70 to 1
- Curb weight: 1,450kg (3,197lbs)
- Engine bore x stroke: 82.6mm x 92.7mm (3.25" x 3.65")
- Engine displacement: 2.0 L
- Engine horsepower: 184hp @ 4,300RPM
- Engine torque: 221 lb.-ft. @ 1,600RPM
- Exterior body width: 1,796mm (70.7")
- Exterior height: 1,415mm (55.7")
- Front headroom: 927mm (36.5")
- Front legroom: 1,046mm (41.2")
- Front shoulder room: 1,392mm (54.8")
- GVWR: 1,845kg (4,068lbs)
- Interior cargo volume: 283 L (10 cu.ft.)
- Interior maximum cargo volume: 283 L (10 cu.ft.)
- Payload: 500kg (1,102lbs)
- Rear headroom: 917mm (36.1")
- Rear legroom: 892mm (35.1")
- Rear shoulder room: 1,346mm (53.0")
- Turning radius: 5.5m (18.1')
- Wheelbase: 2,637mm (103.8")
- Delay-off headlights
- Exterior parking camera rear
- Front reading lights
- High intensity discharge headlights: Xenon plus
- Low tire pressure warning
- Outside temperature display
- Rain sensing wipers
- Rear fog lights
- Rear reading lights
- Rear window defroster
- Speed sensitive wipers
- Tachometer
- Trip computer
- Variably intermittent wipers
- 4 wheel disc brakes
- ABS brakes
- Anti-whiplash front head restraints
- Brake assist
- Dual front impact airbags
- Dual front side impact airbags
- Electronic stability
- Forward collision: Audi pre sense front mitigation
- Ignition disable
- Knee airbag
- Occupant sensing airbag
- Overhead airbag
- Panic alarm
- Perimeter/approach lights
- Security system
- Traction control
Dealer Notes
All of our pre-owned vehicles go through a RIGOROUS INSPECTION inside and out. We make sure all of our vehicles have good tires, safe brakes and have been though our reconditioning process. We HAND PICK each vehicle that we sell to provide HIGH QUALITY VEHICLES AT AFFORDABLE PRICES!!! 26/35 City/Highway MPG
There is a reason we have been rated as the consumers TOP PICK Dealership to do business with. All of our customers receive a FIRST CLASS, NO PRESSURE buying experience. Come see us at Audi of Ft. Myers. WE PROMISE IT WILL BE WORTH THE VISIT!!!
KBB.com Consumer Reviews
- 5.0
Amazing car, never any problems
By Connor on Friday, September 24, 2021The car is the perfect fast daily driver car. It gets great gas mileage topped with little to no problems ever. I have taken this car all over the country, has always been extremely reliable.
- 5.0
5 of 5 in every category
By Jim on Thursday, October 01, 2020Solid performance, problem free reliability, fun to drive, timeless appearance, perfect size (golf clubs fit in trunk with the top down)....just an enjoyable car to own.
- 5.0
By juju on Tuesday, April 16, 2019Once you get into a German car you will always have one, the performance and styling of Audi has always been the best in my opinion. For 180HP geared to a dual clutch automatic DSG transmission you will feel like you are driving a luxury go kart with fancy wheels.
All vehicle specifications, prices and equipment are subject to change without notice. See above for information on purchase financing and lease program expiration dates. Prices and payments (including the amount down payment) do not include tax, titles, tags, documentation charges, emissions testing charges, or other fees required by law or lending organizations. The estimated payments may not include upfront finance charges that must be paid to be eligible for the purchase financing program used to estimate the APR and payments. Listed Annual Percentage Rates are provided for the selected purchase financing or lease programs available on the current date. Program expiration dates reflect currently announced program end dates, but these programs are subject to change at any time.
Lessees will be financially responsible for mileage beyond the elected quantity and for vehicle maintenance and repairs and excessive vehicle wear. Option to purchase at lease end for an amount may be determined at lease signing. Payments may be higher in some states. You may not be able to combine other incentives with the purchase financing or leasing programs presented above. Residency restrictions may apply. See dealer for details.
Listed APR, down payment, payments, incentives and other terms are estimates for example purposes only. Information provided is based on very well-qualified buyers or lessees. The payment information provided here is not a commitment by any organization to provide credit, leases or other programs. Some customers may not qualify for listed programs. Your terms may vary. Lessor must approve lease. Credit approval required.
New Arrivals
2021 Audi SQ8 4.0T Prestige SU…
- $99,460
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- White Exterior
- 4.0L V-8 cyl Engine
2017 Audi A3 2.0T Premium Conv…
- $29,850
Quick Specs
- Convertible
- Other Exterior
- 2.0L TFSI four-cylinder engine Engine
2021 Audi A6 3.0T Prestige Sed…
- $58,400
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2013 Audi S7 4.0T Prestige Hat…
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text:
You are hereRefrigeration and freezing: Products & Services for Israel
Retrofitting SmartMonitoring
Liebherr SmartMonitoring offers a comprehensive solution for documenting and monitoring measurement and operating data, alarm messages and appliance statuses. To connect the SmartCoolingHub required for this purpose to this appliance, you will need the RS 485 interface converter, which is available separately.
Alarm test function
This test function can be used to check whether an internally or externally connected alarm system is functioning correctly. The appliance's refrigeration performance is not affected by this test.
Forced air cooling
Highly efficient fans cool freshly stored produce quickly and maintain an even refrigeration temperature throughout the interior.
Efficient refrigeration system
Liebherr guarantees the outstanding quality of its refrigeration systems through expertise derived from decades of experience in the refrigeration technology sector, and through continuous research and development. By employing only premium-quality compressors, condensers, evaporators and other refrigeration components the energy consumption and operating costs of Liebherr appliances are significantly reduced.
Upward-hinged, detachable unit compartment cover
The refrigeration components are safely integrated into the upper section where they can be easily accessed. For cleaning or servicing purposes, the compressor compartment cover can be easily opened on an upward hinge to guarantee excellent accessibility, so it possible to easily clean the filter on the condenser, which is positioned behind the unit compartment cover, without having to move the appliance.
Serial bus interface
A serial bus interface can be used to connect appliances to an external monitoring system. If there is no monitoring system that can be connected via the interface available, an interface converter retrofitting kit (which connects with a PC or laptop) can be obtained as an optional accessory. The bus interface can be used to serially connect and network up to 20 appliances. Temperature and alarm details can be documented and archived using Liebherr's Temperature Monitoring software.
The stylishly contoured SwingLine design of these appliances makes them the number one choice if you are looking for impeccable design-tech specifications. With elegantly sweeping lines, these Liebherr appliances are a visually-appealing and stunning highlight in any professional environment. The SwingLine doors are ergonomically designed, easy to clean, and easy to open thanks to the full-length integrated grip handle.
Temperature alarm
The integrated temperature alarm indicates if the lower or upper alarm thresholds have been breached. It uses both acoustic and visual signals to provide maximum security for goods that have been stored.
Temperature stability and consistency EN 60068-3
All laboratory refrigerators and freezers are tested at the state-of-the-art Liebherr development facilities according to procedure EN 60068-3 for measuring temperature stability. This involves measuring the temperature at nine different points in the appliance interiors.
Environmentally friendly refrigerants
Liebherr appliances are optimised for maximum energy efficiency and low operating costs. We only use the natural and environmentally-friendly refrigerants R 600a and R 290. When used with highly efficient compressors, these are extraordinarily efficient and, with their low global warming potential, also future-proof.
Reversible door hinges (left/right)
Liebherr appliances are factory-fitted with door hinges on the right. The ability to change the hinge side allows the appliance to be tailored to individual requirements and optimally positioned.
|Product group output channels
|Lab freezer with Comfort electronic controller
|Energy consumption per year
|1,367 kWh/a
|Noise level
|60 dB
|Net capacity, total
|430 l
|Freezer compartment
|430 l
|Gross capacity, total
|602 l
|Total gross volume
|602 l
|Gross volume of the freezer compartment
|602 l
|Net volume of the freezer compartment
|430 l
|Total net volume
|430 l
|Cooling system, freezer compartment
|Defrosting freezer compartment
|50 Hz
|Connection rating
|Energy consumption in 24h
|3.743 kWh / 24h
|Product dimensions (H/W/D)
|216 / 70 / 83 cm
|83 - 60 mm
|Weight (with packaging)
|162 kg
|Weight (without packaging)
|136 kg
|Electronic control system
|Adjustable temperature range
|-9 °C to -35 °C
|Temperature display
|external digital
|Malfunction: Warning signal
|optical and acoustical
|potential-free contact
|Power failure alarm
|immediately upon power failure for 72h
|Maximum fluctuation
|Side wall material
|Door/Cover material
|Type of lock
|Self-closing door
|Door hinges
|Right reversible
|Material of interior containers
|Type of castors
|Castors with arrestor at the front, fixed castors at the rear
|Water drain
|Drawers in freezer compartment
|Storage shelves freezer compartment
|Shelf material
|Plastic-coated grids
|Load capacity adjustable shelves freezer compartment
|60 kg
|of which height-adjustable
|Door design
|SwingLine design
|Handle moulding
Operating instructionsPDF (4.1 MB)
CE-CertificatePDF (272.4 KB)
LTM Liebherr Temperature Monitoring Software ToolZIP (24.7 MB)
ecovadis 2021
Please note: despite careful data management, we reserve the right to make technical changes; and discrepancies may occur between the image or text content and the original appliance.

subset: commoncrawl


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PurposeGames lets you create and play games. Students, teachers and rockstars alike all come here to create and learn. Give it a try!


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Love it or hate it, Windows 8 is a major departure from Microsoft's past interfaces. While previous versions of Windows kept mostly the same mouse-driven metaphor as their predecessors, even veteran Windows users may find the start of their Windows 8 experience a little disorienting.
For the average PC user, some of the changes may turn once routine tasks into frustrating excursions involving Windows 8's manifold gestures, especially if that average PC user is trying to use Windows 8 with a mouse. On the other hand, experiencing Windows 8 on a touch-capable device is somewhat more intuitive—but some basic aspects of the OS will still mystify many.
Don't panic. Here are the essential things you need to know to climb Windows 8's learning curve quickly—and, if you are so inclined, to make Windows 8 look a little more like that old Windows you knew so well. Once you've gotten past the distractions of the shiny animated Start page, you'll be productive in no time. And you can even make that Start screen go away if you want.
But before you start tearing Windows 8's new features out, let's walk through how to make them work.
First start
When you start up Windows 8 for the first time, you will be asked if you want to use a Microsoft account for log-in. The advantages of using such an account are that you gain access to Microsoft's SkyDrive cloud storage, can link other cloud services to your account, and can synchronize your preferences and browser bookmarks across multiple Windows 8 devices. If you have used SkyDrive or other Windows Live services in the past, you already have a Microsoft account.
This account doesn't have to use a Microsoft Hotmail or Outlook.com e-mail address—it can be configured with any e-mail address you have. (I've set up my wife's account with her Gmail account.) You also don't need to act on this immediately; you can add a Microsoft account later from Windows 8's PC Settings menu.
For the quickest start, you'll probably want to choose Windows 8's "express settings" during first start-up as well. All of these settings, like the Microsoft account, can be changed later, but the express settings provide the best mix of functionality and security for most people.
After you've set up your account, you arrive at the Start screen, the tile-based replacement for Windows' older Start menu. This is where things generally get…interesting. Once you've spent a few moments admiring (or cursing) the Start screen's animated "live" tiles for Windows 8's built-in apps, it's time to start finding your way around.
A great deal of what you'll need to do in Windows 8 happens through the "Charms" sidebar interface, a set of five icons that can be summoned on the right side of the screen from the Start screen or from within any application. You can bring up the Charms by hovering your mouse over the upper or lower right-hand corner of the screen, by pressing the Windows + C keys on your keyboard at the same time, or—on tablets and touchscreens—by swiping your finger from the right edge of the screen toward the center.
And, of course, Start takes you back to the Start screen from any place in the operating system.
Start screen and Desktop
The Start screen is the main (but not the only) place to launch applications in Windows 8. Most Start screen tasks can be performed from the keyboard, with a mouse, or by touch; you can be pretty effective getting around the screen without ever letting your hands leave the keyboard.
The tiles on the Start screen are Windows 8's equivalent of Start menu shortcuts; click or touch one of them, and you launch your application. You can scroll the start screen right and left using the mouse scroll wheel, or by dragging your finger back and forth across the center of the screen. You can also use the arrow keys on the keyboard to move from tile to tile, then launch the highlighted application by hitting enter.
You can also cut through all the clutter by typing the name of an application. As you start to type, the Start screen's search tool will automatically launch and present you with applications that match what you've typed.
Windows 8's built-in applications and those that you download from the Windows Store run full-screen using Windows 8's "Metro" interface. But applications written for earlier versions of Windows—which would be just about everything you currently use—run in Desktop, the slimmed-down version of the "classic" Windows environment, where most things look and act sort of like Windows 7.
There's no Start button in Desktop anymore (though you can install a number of applications that will create a Windows 7-like Start button and menu for you, such as Start8 or the free ClassicShell); if you move your mouse to where the button used to sit, a thumbnail image of the Start screen appears (click it to return to the Start screen).
The Windows Control Panel is now accessed through the Settings Charm from Desktop, or you can search for a specific setting within Control Panel from the Start screen.


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Empire of the Summer Moon: Quanah Parker and the Rise and Fall of the Comanches, the Most Powerful Indian Tribe in American History
By S.C. Gwynne
Source: One-Minute Book Reviews
This guide for reading groups and others was not authorized or approved by the author, publisher or agent for the book. It is copyrighted by Janice Harayda and is only for your personal use. Its sale or reproduction is illegal except by public libraries, which may make copies for use in their in-house reading programs. Other reading groups that would like to use this guide should link to it or check the "Contact" page on One-Minute Book Reviews to learn how to request permission to reproduce it.
No Indian tribe of the Southern Plains had a more fearsome reputation than the Comanches, who terrified generations of frontier settlers with their moonlit attacks and ability to fire a fusillade of arrows while hanging off the sides of their horses. Empire of the Summer Moon tells the true story of their fall through the lives of three people who had entwined roles in it: Quanah Parker, their last great chief; his white mother, Cynthia Ann Parker, kidnapped by the tribe as a 9-year-old and removed from it against her will 24 years later by Texas Rangers; and Ranald Mackenzie, a brilliant Indian fighter. S.C. Gwynne was a finalist for the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction for the book, which the judges called "a memorable examination of the longest and most brutal of all the wars between European settlers and a single Indian tribe."
10 Discussion Questions for Empire of the Summer Moon:
1. Most Americans know the names of few women who lived on the frontier except perhaps for Laura Ingalls Wilder. What did you learn about those women from reading about Cynthia Ann Parker and her contemporaries?
2. A Comanche male was "gloriously, astoundingly free," but a Comanche woman was "a second-class citizen," S.C. Gwynne says. [Page 52] Do you agree?
3. Gwynne says it's hard to avoid making "moral judgments about the Comanches" when you read the memoir of Rachel Parker Plummer, who was captured along with her cousin Cynthia Ann but soon separated from her. [Page 43] Rachel's story involves gang rape, the torture and murder of her 7-week-old baby, and other horrific acts. What moral judgments, if any, did you make about the Comanches?
4. The stereotype of the "noble savage" has existed since the time of James Fennimore Cooper, and stereotypes may contain a germ of truth. [Page 51] Was there anything noble about the Comanches?
5. Gen. George Armstrong Custer became world-famous after his defeat by several tribes at Little Big Horn, and Ranald Mackenzie became obscure after his victory over the Comanches. [Page 2] Why do you think the two generals had different fates?
6. The U.S. government failed to end Comanche raids sooner partly because many Easterners believed that "the Indian wars were principally the fault of white men" and that "the Comanches and other troublesome tribes would live in peace if only they were treated properly." [Page 223] Gwynne says they were wrong: No one who knew about the horrors of Comanche attacks "could possibly have believed that the tribe was either peaceable or blameless." [Page 224] Did he persuade you of that?
7. Gwynne also argues that the U.S. "had betrayed and lied to Native American tribes more times than anyone could possibly count" [Page 230] and that the Office of Indian affairs was "one of the most corrupt, venal, and incompetent government agencies in American history." [Page 230] To what degree, if at all, were Comanche attacks justified by how the government treated them?
8. Empire of the Summer Moon cuts back and forth between the stories of its major figures (Cynthia Parker and others captured in the 1836 raid on her family's fort; her son, Quanah, and her husband, Peta Nocona; the Indian fighter Ranald Mackenzie; and others). How well does the cross-cutting work? Could follow the threads of the story easily or did you sometimes have to reread parts of the book?
9. Especially after the Civil War, the extreme violence of the Comanche attacks "amounted to what we would today consider to be political terrorism," Gwynne says. Is it fair to compare the tribe to today's terrorists?
10. Empire of the Summer Moon gives many example of Comanche brutality. The first pages of the book note, for example, after the Salt Creek Massacre, an Army captain reported seeing evidence of beheadings and victims whose "fingers, toes, and private parts had been cut off and stuck in their mouths." [Page 4] Did Gwynne ever go too far or describe violence that seemed unnecessary to the story? Why or why not?
The page numbers cited above refer to the hardcover edition of Empire of the Summer Moon. A review of Empire of the Summer Moon appeared on One-Minute Book Reviews on Oct. 3, 2011.
Vital statistics:
Empire of the Summer Moon: Quanah Parker and the Rise and Fall of the Comanches, the Most Powerful Indian Tribe in American History. By S.C. Gwynne. Scribner, 371 pp., $27.50. Published: May 2010 (Scribner hardcover) and May 2011 (Scribner paperback).
Noteworthy reviews of Empire of the Summer Moon appeared in the Economist and elsewhere.
A review of Empire of the Summer Moon appeared on One-Minute Book Reviews in the post that directly preceded this review.
Publishers' reading group guides are marketing tools designed to sell books. They typically encourage cheerleading instead of a lively discussion of the merits or demerits of an author's work. Totally Unauthorized Reading Group Guides are an alternative to publishers' guides and are intended to give books a fuller context and to promote a more stimulating conversation about them.
One-Minute Book Reviews does not accept free books from editors, publishers or authors, and all reviews and guides offer an independent evaluation of books. Totally Unauthorized Reading Group Guides appear frequently but not on a regular schedule. To avoid missing them, please bookmark this site or subscribe to the RSS feed.
Janice Harayda is a novelist and award-winning critic who has been the book columnist for Glamour, book editor of the Plain Dealer and a vice-president of the National Book Critics Circle. You can follow Jan on Twitter at www.twitter.com/janiceharayda.
© 2011 Janice Harayda. All rights reserved.


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In the fight between heroes and villains, will you choose to save the world or conquer it? The hunt for the Chaos Emeralds is on and battle lines have been drawn between Hero and Dark. Experience two unique adventures featuring both long-time heroes and new and returning villains as they battle for the fate of the world! Sonic Adventure™ 2 makes its return on Xbox LIVE Arcade with a full cast of playable heroes and villains, exciting two-player competitive modes, Chao Gardens, and more than 30 action-packed stages, all remastered in HD!
Buy Xbox content on Xbox.com. Your Xbox 360 console will automatically download the content next time you turn it on and connect to Xbox Live.Learn More


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Podcast - Mahabharata – Aranyaka Parva – Ch 31 V 2-18
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See Angel of the Lord; Theophany
Copyright © 1996 by Walter A. Elwell. Published by Baker Books, a division of
Baker Book House Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan USA.
All rights reserved. Used by permission.
For usage information, please read the Baker Book House Copyright Statement.
Bibliography InformationElwell, Walter A. "Entry for 'Christophany'". "Evangelical Dictionary of Theology".


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Play Football York Stirling Road DADs v DADs
DADS v DADS Football. Meet 5 minutes prior to kick off at the pitches. No referee, please conduct yourself in the manner expected by dadsvdads.com. Wear suitable footwear and clothing for the pitch and the conditions. Introduce mates by booking more spaces and get league bonus points.
Local and National Fantasy League Guide.
Points for playing, winning, MOM and introducing new players
Use name(s) from the Fantasy League Table.
Bringing mates? add their names in the additional name boxes.
First game? Add the name you want to appear in the league, example FIRST NAME LAST NAME
The period for bookings has now passed. If you think that is incorrect please contact the local coordinator.


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RPi Tutorial EGHS:Switch Input
Back to the Hub, or the Tutorials page.
GPIO Hardware & Software Tutorials:
- GPIO Protection Circuits
- Basic Circuits: LED output - DC motor - Switch Input - Analogue Sensor
- Intermediate Circuits: Shift Registers - Analogue to Digital - Driving Circuit - Alpha-Numeric Display
- Advanced Circuits: Control Hardware Over The Internet
This page is part of a work in progress.
While most of these circuits may interface directly to the RPi, the use of a buffered interface (such as the one supplied by the Gertboard) is recommended which will help protect against damage. Alternatively, experiment with one of the Alternative Test Platforms.
Extreme caution should be exercised when interfacing hardware at a low level, you may damage your RPi, your equipment and potentially yourself and others. Doing so is at your own risk!
Note: Until RPi devices are available, I can not confirm this will work on a real RPi. For now, I shall be using the TI LaunchPad (see Alternative Test Platforms for details) to test the hardware on (as it is cheap and the logic levels similar).
The Hardware
Work in progess...
The GPIO pin on the RPi when defined as an Input allows the state of the pin to be read as with HIGH or LOW. This allows us to use a simple switch to set the state of the pin and the software can read this and respond to the change (i.e. change the audio volume output or light an LED wired to another pin).
For additional theory see [1]
Logic Levels
For the GPIO pin to determine if an input level is HIGH or LOW it has to detect that the voltage on the pin is above or below a set level, you should aim to set the pin to 10% of the logic voltage (HIGH for the RPi this is 3.3V - so 2.97V to 3.3V, LOW is 0V to 0.33V).
If the pin voltage is somewhere between 2.97V and 0.33V then the system may not reliably determine if a HIGH or LOW value is set (particularly as you get closer to 1.65V (halfway)).
If you drive voltages over 3.3V or negative voltages then you will risk damaging the internal GPIO circuits and perhaps even killing the RPi (which is why using extra components to protect and buffer inputs is recommended).
When a GPIO pin is disconnected and set as an input, the voltage is considered floating since there is no defined voltage level being applied to the pin. Therefore a good input circuit needs to apply either a HIGH voltage or a LOW voltage.
The top circuit with Switch 1 (Double-poll switch) is fine, however, when using other types of switches, such as Switch 2 (i.e. Single-poll switch) you will create a short-circuit when the switch is pressed!
However, by simply using a resistor in-between the short-circuit can be avoided. The value of the resistor is determined by the leakage current of the GPIO pin (the current used by the circuit to read the pin) (although this is not specified for the RPi, it is expected to be in the range of 1uA) and the amount of voltage drop it creates as a result.
If we set R1 to 10kohms, and max drop from Vcc is 10% (0.33V). Max leakage current = Vdrop/R1 = 0.33/10000 = 33uA
By picking a large resistor it ensures less current is drawn by the circuit, when the switch is active (this is why a large value of 10Kohms is usually used).
Current drawn = Vcc/R1 = 3.3/10000 = 0.33mA
The above circuit shows Switch 1 which when pressed will provide a LOW signal to the GPIO pin (otherwise the resistor pulls the circuit UP HIGH), and Switch 2 which when pressed will provide a HIGH signal to the GPIO pin (otherwise the resistor pulls the circuit DOWN LOW).
This is covered in a lot more detail here (although note the logic level here is 5V!) [2].
One additional thing to note is that the RPi GPIO has internal Pull-Up and Pull-Down resistors which can be enabled through software registers[3].
This means that you can avoid the extra circuit above and simply place a switching between Vcc or GND, but you have to set the Pull-Up/Pull-Down registers for it to function correctly. To keep the software simple and to avoid any damage, it is recommended you start with using external Pull-Ups and Pull-Downs until you are confident setting these registers correctly.
Output Protection
An extra consideration for safer input design, is to consider the case when the software incorrectly drives the GPIO pin as an output rather than using as an input.
Now, in the second circuit, when Switch 2 is activated, the GPIO pin is connected directly to Vcc (3.3V), if the software is trying to drive this pin LOW (similarly when the opposite is happening switch connects to GND and the software is driving the pin HIGH). This could damage the circuit by drawing/supplying more current through the GPIO pin than it can handle.
By putting another resistor on the GPIO pin, any short-circuit HIGH or LOW will have the current limited.
By picking 1Kohmn resistor for R2, the maximum current will be:
Imax = V/R = 3.3/1000 = 3.3mA (which should be within safe limits)
A little more detail is given here (again note, logic level and supply are 5V!) [4]
De-bouncing Hardware verses Software
The last consideration is whether hardware de-bouncing is required. Basically any manual switch will not cleanly make or break a connection when you switch it, and is likely to trigger any input value multiple times (as the contacts move momentarily from one state to another).
This can be dealt with by applying a simple filter in the circuit (achieved by putting a capacitor in parallel with the switch). The capacitor acts like a smoothing filter (energy from fast transitions of voltage is temporarily stored and released by the capacitor), this slows the change from LOW to HIGH and vice-a-versa.
A good explanation (with graphs) is shown here (see Hardware Interfacing section at the bottom) [5]
While hardware de-bouncing or smoothing of this input is often quite helpful, the problem occurs if you require very fast switching or response times, since the capacitor now delays any possible detection of the switch. However, if de-bouncing is handled within the software (simplest method is to re-read the state after a short delay) it can be fine tuned to meet your needs.
A little more detail is given here (in Brooklyn Debounce section) [6]
Basic Switchx8 Test Module
The Basic Switchx8 Test Module Test module has been built to allow easy testing of GPIO inputs by connecting up to 8 switches, in a number of configurations.
Resistor values: R1 = 11Kohms (Green) R2 = 1Kohms (Blue)
The slightly unusual layout is down to using up some spare veroboard, so it could probably be designed better (but it works well enough for my needs).
Also, to allow flexibility, removable connections are put in between R1 and the switches.
Expected normal use:
- 3.3V is applied to either of the two pins on the far right.
- Gnd is applied to either of the two pins on the buttom (next to the switch bank).
- GPIO Output is taken from the top row of pins.
- This particular switch bank the switch is open when down (providing a set value on the output).
The module allows a number of circuit configurations if required:
- The protection resistors (R2) can be removed by connecting the GPIO directly to the middle pins.
- The pull up/down resistors (R1) can be removed (so internal pull up/downs can be used on their own).
- The circuit can be switched from active HIGH to active LOW by swapping the power connections (by connecting Vcc to the pins near the switch bank and Gnd to the right-side pins, the switch ON = HIGH output. Alternatively the other way around, with Gnd by the switch bank and Vcc on the right, the switch ON = LOW output).
- A second bank of pins could be added in the middle, to allow the protection resistors (R2) to be removed while still using the Pull Up/Down resistors (R1), if required.
Basic Switchx8 Test Module (Control pins at top, GND/PWR connection at bottom-right and middle-right, removable connections in the middle for connecting pull up/down resistors).
The Software
While the RPi is not available, I can only confirm the TI LaunchPad code works for me.
TI LaunchPad
The specifics and background behind the code is detailed very well on the following sites:
MSP430 LaunchPad Interrupt vs Polling
Sample test code for single switch input (tested on TI MSP430G2553 device). Reads in switch input from Port 1.3, and lights LED output on Port 1.0 (can be used with or without external circuit connected - uses default pins for SW2 and LED1).
- main.c - Main calling functions (includes pin setup and switch between POLLING/INTERRUPT)
No input test code available yet.


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Britain finds horsemeat in school meals, hospitals
LONDON — Tests have found horsemeat in school meals, hospital food and restaurant dishes in Britain, officials said Friday, as the scandal over adulterated meat spread beyond frozen supermarket products.
Results were coming in after U.K. food safety officials ordered supermarkets and suppliers to test all processed meals labeled as beef for traces of horsemeat.
Whitbread PLC, Britain's largest hotel and restaurant company, said horse DNA had been found in lasagna and burgers on its menus. The company, whose outlets include Premier Inn hotels and the Brewers Fayre and Beefeater Grill restaurant chains, said it was ''shocked and disappointed at this failure of the processed meat supply chain."
Officials also said horsemeat was present in cottage pies delivered to 47 schools in Lancashire county, northern England, and in hospital meals in Northern Ireland. David Bingham, of the health service's Business Services Organization, said the hospital meals, from a supplier in the Republic of Ireland, had been withdrawn.
Several British supermarket chains, including Morrisons and Tesco, said Friday that tests on their products had so far been negative for horsemeat.
Duncan Campbell, a senior British food inspector, said the results would give a snapshot of the extent of the horsemeat contamination, which already has seen products pulled from supermarket shelves across Europe. But, he told the BBC, ''I think there will be still more discoveries to be made.''
''The more people have looked for horsemeat, the more products have been found containing it. I don't think we have got to the bottom of it yet,'' he said.
Officials from the European Union countries decided Friday to go ahead with a plan for more intensive checks to detect horsemeat in food labeled as beef.
In addition, horsemeat will be tested for phenylbutazone, or bute, an anti-inflammatory veterinary drug that's illegal to use in animals used for food.
EU Health Commissioner Tonio Borg welcomed the approval, saying, ''consumers expect the EU, national authorities and all those involved in the food chain to give them all the reinsurance needed as regards to what they have in their plates.''
The testing will go on for a month, and may be extended for two months after that.
The testing will include 2,250 samples of foods labeled as containing beef, ranging from 10 to 150 per country. Tests for bute will be done on one sample for every 50 tons of meat.
The scandal, which erupted after Irish authorities found traces of horse DNA in frozen burgers last month, has grown to take in companies and countries across Europe.
NorgesGruppen, Norway's largest grocery retailer, said Friday that horsemeat also has been confirmed in frozen lasagna sold in its stores.
The escalating crisis has raised questions about food controls in the 27-nation European Union — and highlighted how little consumers know about the complex trading operations that get food from producers to wholesalers to processers to stores and onto dinner tables.
Europol, the European Union police agency, is coordinating a continent-wide fraud investigation amid allegations of an international criminal conspiracy to substitute horse for more expensive beef.


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The cray-zee schedule has officially started! Well, I kicked it off a week ealier than previously planned and I am quite glad I did. We all know that it's not because you have one important thing on the agenda that everything else takes a backseat. Every bits and pieces of life that you are trying to juggle all want a spot on the passenger seat while you are trying to drive without knocking other people over. One thing that helps me keep focused is good nutrition. Sweet or savory. Salads especially.
I always try to take time out to fix myself a proper lunch and eat by the window without any incoming noise. It helps recharge my internal batteries and ensures that I don't forget all the other things and people around me. When my friend Tara mentioned this salad from The Breakaway Cook I instantly started craving daikon radishes. I never think about adding them to my shopping list but I have done so three times in the past week. This salad? I made a version of it just about as many times. The one pictured here is probably my favorite.
It's loaded with good stuff, it's refreshing, it's tasty and it'll bring you good juju for the day. Ok, I am making this last bit up but I felt energized and ready for another 12 hour shift right after eating it. The beauty of salads is their endless possibilities for adaptations. Eric makes his with daikon radishes, pomegranate seeds, avocado, edamame, orange pepper. Mine included daikon and red radishes, avocado, watercress, carrot and pomegranate seeds. It's the end of the season here for those but I needed them for work and had leftovers.
I decided to start working on the photography for Carrie's book a bit earlier than planned, mostly to find a rythm and properly organize my time. The experience has been nothing short of amazing so far. It's a lot of work to cook, style, shoot, edit that many savory and sweet recipes but loving my job makes it easy to invest every bit of myself in it. Everything I have made so far has been refreshing, succulent, different, easy to prepare. You could say I am biased since I have a stake in it but trust me, even if I had zip involved, I'd still couldn't wait to get her book pronto.
And then there are all the other things in between like more gigs, friends, house, dogs, invoices bills and taxes (grrr....). You know what I am talking about. Some of you even have children to juggle into the mix. We only have a couple of very active and very snuggly creatures! I can't promise lenghty blog posts and towering piles of groovy macarons in the next couple of weeks but I can promise there will always be something good to eat, savory or sweet.
I think I'm getting a hunkering for a tart. It's been a while. Can't live off salad alone, although this one is on repeat on my plate this week.
Refreshing Daikon Radish and Watercress Salad:
Serves 2 to 4 depending on your appetite.
1/2 daikon radish (8-inch piece)
1 bunch red radishes (about 8)
2 carrots
1 small bunch watercress
1 small ripe avocado
1/2 pomegranate
vinaigrette of your choice
Wash and slice thin both kinds of radish and the carrots. You can use a mandolin if you want. I don't have one so I just used a very sharp knife. No matter what you use, watch out for your fingers!
Wash and pat dry the watercress.
Cut avocado into small dices and seed the pomegranate.
Arrange everything in a large or individual bowls and drizzle with the vinaigrette.
Le P'tit Coin Francais.
Salade Composee De Radis et Cresson:
1 morceau de radis chinois (20cm environ)
1 botte de radis traditionels (environ 8)
2 carottes
1 petite botte de cresson
1 avocat
1/2 grenade
vinaigrette de votre choix
Coupez les radis et carottes en tranches fines a l'aide d'une mandoline ou d'un couteau. Lavez et essorez le cresson. Coupez l'avocat on petit des et recuperez les graines de la grenade.
Disposez le tout dans un grand ou plusieurs saladier et assaisonez avec la vinaigrette.


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Nature's Garden Print Page42109 St. Rt. 18 Wellington, OH 44090PH(440-647-0100) FX (440-647-0220)Material Safety Data Sheet 08/20/09*********************************************************************************
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None of our fragrances are tested on animals.All of our fragrances were formulated based on safety assessments made by the Panel of Experts of the (RIFM) Research Institute for Fragrance Materials and are carefully reviewed by the IFRA (International Fragrance Association) Scientific Committee. Our fragrances comply with RIFM standards. All of Natures Garden fragrance oils are packaged in phthalate-free, recyclable, HDPE (resin code No.2) plastic bottles.
Fragrance Name: Vanilla Silk Fragrance OilPhysical / Chemical Characteristics:
Fire and Explosion Data: Extinguishing media: Use foam, dry chemical, & CO2. Special firefighting procedures- Self contained breathing apparatus & protective clothing should be worn when fighting fires involving chemicals. Fire and explosion hazards: None known.Reactivity Data: Conditions to avoid: None. Materials to avoid: Strong oxidizing agents. Decomposition of byproducts: CO2, CO, Fumes. Hazardous polymerization: Will not occur.Health Data: Inhalation and symptoms of exposure: N/A. Skin and eye contact and symptoms of exposure: N/A. Skin absorption and symptoms of exposure: N/A. Ingestion risks and symptoms of exposure: N/A. Carcinogenicity: N/A/. Emergency & First Aid Procedures: Inhalation: seek fresh air immediately, if breathing is difficult- see doctor. Eyes: Flush immediately with clean water for at least 15 minutes. Contact doctor. Skin: remove contaminated clothing, wash affected areas with soap and water. Ingestion: give water to dilute, see doctor. Hazardous Ingredients/ SARA III Information: This proprietary material contains the following toxic chemicals subject to the reporting requirements of section 313 of Title III of the superfund amendments and reauthorization act of 1986 and 40 CFR Part 372. : None
Disclaimer:This data is provided without any warranty, expressed or implied, regarding its correctness or accuracy. Since the conditions for use, handling, and storage and disposal of this product are beyond control, it is the responsibility of the user both to determine safe conditions for use of this product and to assume liability for loss, damage, or expense arising out of this product's improper use. No warranty expressed or implied regarding the product described herein shall be created by or inferred from any statement or omission in this MSDS.
IFRA Certificate of Compliance
Natures Garden Candle Supplies42109 State Route 18 Wellington, OH 440901-866-647-2368 or 1-440-647-0100www.candlepro.com
This is to confirm that the subject fragrance is composed of aroma chemicals, natural essential oils and other functional components in compliance with the most recent guidelines published by I.F.R.A . (International Fragrance Association); 44th amendment published on 08/07/09. The IFRA standards are based on safety assessments from RIFM. (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials).
Fragrance Name: Vanilla Silk
APPLICATIONMAXIMUM USE LEVELCATEGORY 1 0%CATEGORY 2 1.3%CATEGORY 3 4%CATEGORY 4 4%CATEGORY 5 4%CATEGORY 6 0%CATEGORY 7 2.6%CATEGORY 8 4%CATEGORY 9 4%CATEGORY 10 4%CATEGORY 11No restriction
No restriction
Category 1: Ingredients must be GRAS. Products in this category include: Lip products & Toys
Category 2: Deodorant & Antiperspirant products
Category 3: Eye products, male facial creams, baby creams, baby lotions, baby oils, products applied to recently shaved skin
Category 4: Products applied to unshaved skin (perfumes), hair styling products, hair sprays, body creams, body oils, lotions (except for baby products), hair deodorant, foot care products
Category 5: Female facial creams, facial make-up, hand cream, facial masks, baby powder/talc, wipes or refreshing tissues for face, neck, hands, body.
Category 6: Ingredients must be GRAS. Products include: mouthwash, toothpaste.
Category 7: Intimate feminine wipes, toilet wipes, baby wipes, insect repellent
Category 8: Make-up removers, nail care, hair dyes
Category 9: Bar soap, bath gels, foams, mousses, salts, oils & other products added to bathwater, body washes, conditioner (rinse off), face cleansers, liquid soap, shampoo of all types, shaving creams of all types, aerosol air freshener sprays
Category 10: Laundry detergents of all types, fabric softeners of all types, household cleaning products, dishwashing detergent, shampoos for pets
Category 11: All non-skin contact, air fresheners, plug-ins, solid substrate, membrane delivery, electrical, potpourri, powders, sachets, incense, lamp rings, reed diffusers, joss & incense sticks, animal sprays & cat litter, candles, deodorizers, maskers, insecticides, scratch and sniffIt is the responsibility of our customers to ensure the safety of the finished product containing this fragrance by conducting all necessary tests. You will notice that the recommended maximum usage level differs from what IFRA allows and what Natures Garden suggests. Natures Garden frequently suggests a maximum usage level that is less than that of IFRA. Your discretion is advised.
Natures Garden wholesale candle making, candlemaking, soap making, cosmetic making, bath products making, supplies is one of the largest fragrance oil suppliers in the entire US and Canada. We are located in the Cleveland, Ohio area.
Natures Garden Vanilla Silk Fragrance: A Best Seller! A warm luscious aroma of creamy vanilla.
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NG Recommended Fragrance Usage: Vanilla Silk Wholesale Fragrance Oil: The percentages listed below reflect our maximum suggested fragrance usage in the corresponding finished products. To review the IFRA Certificate of Compliance for this particular fragrance, please refer to the link at the bottom of this page.
Please Note: Due to the fact that our fragrances are 100% concentrated, we suggest that you test our fragrances in finished products before you make any conclusions about our fragrances. Since our fragrances are so strong, we suggest only using 1/2 ounce to 1.0 ounce of fragrance per pound of candle wax.
Coloring Suggestions: Vanilla Silk Wholesale Fragrance Oil:
Important Fragrance Specifics: Vanilla Silk Wholesale Fragrance Oil:
Fragrance Testing -Performance in Various Applications- Vanilla Silk Wholesale Fragrance Oil: Note: Our testing notes should never take the place of your own personal testing. Always test fragrance in all applications. We do not take responsibility for our test results differing from your test results. Natures Garden is not responsible for any finished products made with our raw ingredients. These cold process soap results were done by hand mixing. Stick blenders can help to incorporate fragrance back into the soap in the event that it rices during the mixing process. Fragrances containing vanilla ingredients may discolor soap. Vanilla White Color stabilizer may help prevent discoloration due to vanilla. However, there are more than 40 ingredients used in fragrance manufacturing that may contribute to discoloration of products. If we mention that a bath product thinned once fragrance was added, we suggest that you use Xanthum Gum Thickener to thicken your product.
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I've added a new quote to the sidebar by G.K. Chesterton. These are dark days, indeed.
Advent brings out the worse in some of human kind. The events of this last week are evidence of such. Read Elizabeth's post on the harassment of priests who are trying to help victim's families.
Sick. Just sick.
Please pray for the victims, their families, their communities, their caregivers. Pray a hole through the sky.
If you want to do something in remembrance, try this if you're the knitty/ crochety type.


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Sarah Mclachlan Tour 2022 : Sarah McLachlan announces plans for long-awaited live outings this coming year. Hitting the road in support of the latest album, the first live tour dates start in just a few weeks. Numerous stops will trek across the country this year, before closing out the seasons schedule during late 2020.
Named after the new album, the 2022 Sarah McLachlan Tour tickets for Feb 07 in Dallas are already on sale. As with all tours, numerous schedule changes are expected to impact ticket holders. Shows run through Feb 27, 2019 when Sarah McLachlan wraps up the season with a final performance at Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall in Portland.
Use this TNTIX coupon code and get discounts By Clicking On Right Arrow Icon
Although the actual dates of the performances are still a ways away, you can already get tickets to many of the shows. It should be obvious that the earlier you get in on these ticket sales the better your see will be in the lower price you are going to pay. As the dates draw nearer fans get more desperate and they are willing to pay more money for the same seat that they could of got for a cheaper price if they would have just purchased earlier. Don't be one of those people that make sure that you get your seats before the crowds get to ravenous.
Sarah McLachlan Opening Act
In all of the previous Sarah McLachlan concerts they have always brought opening acts with them. For the first time in their concert history is just going to be just the band playing two complete sets with a break in between the sets. This is actually a great change in our opinion because nobody goes to see these famous acts to watch a bunch of unknown bands waste their time. They want to see the main act, and the main act alone. So kudos to Sarah McLachlan for making a bold move and giving the fans just what they want with no extra filler.
Anti Ticket Scalping Effort
Sarah McLachlan is also going to be doing thier best to make life difficult for scalpers and hopefully even completely stop them from getting their hands on any tickets. That way only the real fans will be able to purchase tickets, and they won't be subjected to skyhigh prices to be able to attend the concert. This goes for both the normal tickets when anyone can buy them as well as the presale tickets. Members of the band have said that in this day and age it seems that increasing any quality is the new normal and they are going to be doing their best to make things as fair as possible for their true fans. They are tired of seeing people take advantage of the system and this time around the ticket prices will be fair and those that truly want to attend the show are the only ones who will be getting their hands on the seats.
One way that they are making sure that only the true fans are able to get the premium seats is that they are increasing the amount of tickets that are going to go to the fan club members. That way when the hard-core fans purchase their seats during the presale they won't be beat out by scalpers and other people simply looking to turn a quick buck off of the Sarah McLachlan tour 2020. Sarah McLachlan and the team have designed a brand-new system that will completely eliminate scalpers from the equation during the presale and they won't even be able to buy tickets at all. If it is found that a scalper is trying to take advantage of the system they won't be allowed even a single ticket.
If it is found out that a scalper made any purchases every single one of those tickets will be canceled. So that means it's quite dangerous buying a scalpers ticket. Thankfully you won't find any of those on our site, these are all official tickets straight from the main act so you can purchase tickets from us with the assurance that no nefarious methods were used for obtaining the seats.


text:
Tuesday, November 17, 2009
Disneyland, Hong Kong
To continue with my Hong Kong trip, visit to Disneyland is a must since I bring my kids along.
I do not want to show you all those cartoon characters e.g Mickey Mouse, Pluto and etc, these are too common for you, just like to share with you the surroundings.
-She is so pretty..
-Disneyland in the evening time...
32 comments:
- Bakeling said...
Wow ,your photos are very sharp and beautiful woh ! Your really control your camera so well !
- November 18, 2009 at 12:25 AM
- Bakeling said...
The liangzai must be very tired and lean his whole body against you !
Did you ask them whether they want to go again ?
- November 18, 2009 at 12:26 AM
- Palidor said...
Glad your modem was fixed! These pictures are beautiful! Looks like you had a lot of fun there.
- November 18, 2009 at 1:37 AM
Such a sweet family you have Sonia !...looks like you guys had an amazing time !
- November 18, 2009 at 2:30 AM
- Colin Woon said...
Good thing you got your modem fixed!
Like Bakeling said, you definitely control your camera well! Another great series of photos from your trip!
I really like that evening shot of the Disney street, the color of the sky with the lighting on the street come together really well. ISO400, smart choice!
The last one is a great family portrait! I like!
- November 18, 2009 at 2:37 AM
- Rachel Hei said...
Can see from the photos you guys enjoy the trip a lot.. nice photos shot..^_^
- November 18, 2009 at 4:08 AM
- 米亚 said...
Wah Sonia! I have to say you look utterly young judging from the fact that you have already had a 12 year old (soon to be a high school) girl now! wow! Disneyland is definitely a place to be, I have a childish mind too sometimes, and I like fairy tales... but Alex probably is not as fairy as I am so we didnt go last time... I would love to visit one day... the night scnery is so cool... you did a great shot!
- November 18, 2009 at 5:25 AM
- Somewhere in Singapore said...
The other time i went HK, disneyland was not open yet...
- November 18, 2009 at 8:31 AM
- Canary said...
agreed with Bakeling,you had a top-ranking of photography.\(^o^)/~
- November 18, 2009 at 10:13 AM
- ~仪仪妈咪~ said...
oh ,this is a wonderful trip especially bring along the children ^_^
- November 18, 2009 at 10:29 AM
- Sonia ~ Nasi Lemak Lover said...
Bakeling, I guess so, sikit sikit control lar. If I asked them, sure they want to go again, but not for me, hehehe..
Palidor and Rachel, Thanks for your compliment.
Colin,ya, I guess so, but I think I can be better, need to practise more often. Ya, I like this family portrait too, my hubby suggest us to sit on the street unlike other people just stand, this way we can get very nice background.
Mia,I dont think much, thatswhy I still look young from outside and inside, hahaha..For your next HK visit, you should visit at least one time to fulfill your childhood dream and fairy tales, beg lar Alex, I'm sure he will bring you.
Somewhere in Singapore, then quickly visit again. But this Disneyland in HK is not that big, 1/2 day settle everything.
Canary, Thanks dear.
- November 18, 2009 at 10:35 AM
- Sonia ~ Nasi Lemak Lover said...
YiYimummy, yes, should bring them when they are young.
- November 18, 2009 at 10:36 AM
- My Little Things Corner said...
Happy trip! So happy when see the cartoon! hahaha
- November 18, 2009 at 11:24 AM
- ai wei said...
very very nice photos u hav. waiting for more upcoming posts ")
- November 18, 2009 at 11:28 AM
- Jane Chew said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- November 18, 2009 at 12:42 PM
- Jane Chew said...
Good on u! i knew u had been putting in so much efford to get dis blog page done. Thanks 4 all these loving photo. And the most important thing is u looks gorgeous Sonia :)
- November 18, 2009 at 12:43 PM
- petite nyonya said...
What an enjoyable trip! Nice to finally see you and your family photo. Your mum looks so young eh! :D
- November 18, 2009 at 1:58 PM
- Ju (The Little Teochew) said...
Awww, love the last pic :) Thanks for sharing your personal photos with us. I must add that you did a wonderful job on the photography! Compliments to you.
- November 18, 2009 at 5:39 PM
- ann low said...
To show my appreciation for your support, please pick the Award from my place.
- November 18, 2009 at 6:53 PM
- ICook4Fun said...
Don't you feel like a kid again when you are in there. Such a happy place :)
- November 18, 2009 at 9:42 PM
- Candlelyn said...
nice photos, especially the 4th photo...look cheerful and harmony!!
- November 18, 2009 at 9:48 PM
- Little Corner of Mine said...
Beautiful pictures and family! What a nice getaway vacation! Oh, maybe the tall character is a male inside. LOL!
- November 19, 2009 at 12:03 AM
- Pete said...
Nice family photo! Disneys stuff is always an evergreen favourite among kids!
- November 19, 2009 at 12:46 PM
- Christine said...
very nice photos! I LOVE disneyland lots! you reminded me how much fun I had with Chris during winter last year at Paris disneyland. Romantic and filled with lotsa fun!
- November 19, 2009 at 5:17 PM
- Jane Chew said...
Sonia, Once again Thanks for always sharing ur work and dropping to my place. To show my appreciation for your support, please pick the Award from my place.
- November 19, 2009 at 8:24 PM
- Sonia ~ Nasi Lemak Lover said...
My little thing corner,ya, kids happy to see them.
Ai Wei, Thanks for your compliment.
Jane, look gorgeous !! I pandai hide only, you have not see my double chins and big tummy,,hahaha..after this, will sure drop by your place and collect it. Thanks for the award.
Petite, ya, a lot of peoples said so..
- November 19, 2009 at 8:58 PM
- Sonia ~ Nasi Lemak Lover said...
The little Teochew, my 1st time sharing my family photo in my blog, since I have a year do blogging, I think is the right time to show our faces, hahaha..
Anncoo, okok, will collect it soon.
ICook4Fun, ya, agreed with you.
Candlelyn, Thanks for dropping by.
LCOM, I guess so is a Male, hehehe..
Pete, kid's favorite place.
Christine, when I was in Paris, I have missed to visit this place.
- November 19, 2009 at 9:03 PM
- Pavithra Elangovan said...
hi wonderful photos ...first time to ur space...i am from singapore too.. missing so many dishes... will be often here.
- November 20, 2009 at 6:09 AM
- Agnes Sim said...
wow..nice photos le...^_^
- November 20, 2009 at 5:44 PM
- Zurin said...
Aww cutesie family Sonia!!! :)) Im sure the kids enjoyed disneyland. tq for sharing.
- November 23, 2009 at 12:03 AM
- Cheryl said...
*waves to Sonia and family*
Hello! So nice to finally see you ^__^ Thanks for sharing Sonia :)
- November 23, 2009 at 7:33 PM
- docgelo said...
i was looking for blog posts about hk disneyland because we're revisiting the theme park by the end of this week. and your post just made our excitement heightens! nice photos.
- February 12, 2012 at 6:51 PM


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Wednesday, May 30, 2012
My USMNT Clipboard - Big Finish.0
It's the end of May, so as promised, here is my own final depth chart for World Cup qualifier #1. The five with asterisks are not in the squad for Klinsi's wonderfully mad five-game tourney experiment.
Tim Howard
Brad Guzan
Nick Rimando
Steve Cherundolo
Jonathan Spector*
Yes, Spector takes Timothy Chandler's spot - hopefully, it's only kept warm for the time being.
Oguchi Onyewu
Clarence Goodson
I told ya Gooch would be back strong. Recognize.
Carlos Bocanegra
Tim Ream*
Geoff Cameron fans, please hold the line...
Michael Parkhurst
Heath Pearce*
You may well be incredulous, I don't care. As I said, I'd want to know exactly what I was getting in qualifier #1 - maybe that's just wacky me. If Eric Lichaj wasn't dealing with an injury nag, he'd be the new starter here, but oh well and que sera sera and here we are. Sorry to everyone that disagrees, but Fabian Johnson really is needed in his regular role if we're pondering a best possible line-up. That's my view.
Maurice Edu
Geoff Cameron
Everyone's well aware of what and how Cameron plays in MLS. We aren't talking about MLS here. Up in my brain, things like skill set and position potential at this level are far more important than their typical club role.
Landon Donovan
Josh Gatt*
Yeah, that's right. Sweet Moses, I want to kick Gatt's tires in USMNT colors. Heaven help me, I really do.
Michael Bradley
Jermaine Jones
As good as Jones is in friendlies, I still love the idea of having his game-changing ability in pocket.
Jozy Altidore
Herculez Gomez
I considered moving DJ Cool Herc back to right wing, but funk dat, he's a definite impact sub. So if I'm fitting him into the tactics, I'll take him near the main impact zone, thank you very much.
Clint Dempsey
Sacha Kljestan*
This is the last time I move Kljestan to a different position, I swear. Blame it on all the injuries over the duration of this exercise.
Fabian Johnson
Jose Francisco Torres
This just in: a very recent scientific study shows that great minds only think alike half the time. Apparently, the other half of the time, they discuss it amicably over a nosh.
Alright... have at it, you jackals.
- Greg Seltzer
32 comments:
- brian said...
wow…too many things going on here to even try to explain. neither one of your LW will see time in that position with the USMNT. Sascha AM? you are better than this, Greg
- May 30, 2012 at 4:11 PM
- Greg Seltzer said...
Erm... Torres started at left midfield on Saturday. He wandered around a good bit, but check his track-back assignment; Torres was definitely the left midfielder.
- May 30, 2012 at 4:14 PM
- brian said...
now are we talking LM or LW, in my eyes those positions have 2 different roles.
- May 30, 2012 at 5:19 PM
- Greg Seltzer said...
From a 4-3-3 to 4-2-3-1 is a very minor alteration. Regardless, Torres defines his own role to a degree, as all wide midfield attackers are not created equally. Thus, his role as a wide attacker is to wander inside often as opposed to pulling defenders wide - which is just one reason he's not my starter.
- May 30, 2012 at 5:42 PM
- DrewVT6 said...
I'm not buying Klejstan as an international level AM. CONCACAF minnows? I guess, if we have to...
- May 30, 2012 at 6:14 PM
- Greg Seltzer said...
Okay, but this whole exercise was solely pinned to CONCACAF qualifier numero uno and he'd be the back-up AM.
Besides, there's a few pretty good Europa League teams that would tell you he's much improved since we last saw him get serious USMNT minutes.
- May 30, 2012 at 6:18 PM
- RM said...
Is Holden really going to Turkey?
I like it.
26 year old and i the second division is not good.
- May 30, 2012 at 11:12 PM
- dikranovich said...
greg, its not about the players you have picked here, well, it might be, but its more about the timing of the article. no offense, but you could have waited 24 hours and still put this post out in may. instead, you drop this article on the fans 4 hours before we have brasil. does that really even make any sense? we got a war to fight and you are passing out purple hearts before the fighting even begins.
- May 31, 2012 at 8:22 AM
- Greg Seltzer said...
I have no earthly clue what you're on about.
- May 31, 2012 at 8:24 AM
- dikranovich said...
yeah yeah, im sure you dont.
- May 31, 2012 at 8:31 AM
- brian said...
2 things after last night: gooch is NOT back strong. fabian johnson was one of our best players on the field, at LB. revised list coming soon?
- May 31, 2012 at 9:08 AM
- Greg Seltzer said...
Do you think that one game decided everything in the universe? Gooch was far from alone having troubles last night and Johnson was barely tested. There are always variables and I am not a reactionary.
So, no, there will be no changes to my list. Final is final. Setbacks are lessons. Next!
- May 31, 2012 at 9:13 AM
- brian said...
never said gooch was the only one with troubles but he looked lost out there all game (more than most), had a terrible touch and lucky it didnt cost us an own goal. i hope as much as the next guy he gets it back, but i have yet to see it, not on the international level. johnson was barley tested?? THEY PLAYED BRAZIL! Dude was on his toes and sharp all game. oh yeah he also assisted our goal and put a few dangerous balls into the box...
- May 31, 2012 at 9:30 AM
- Nick said...
Love how Johnson's game at LWB complements what Dempsey, Torres, and Shea all do to one degree or another, and that's roaming toward the center of the park as the situation dictates.
On Johnson not being tested, Brazil either chose not to test him or he wasn't out of position to be tested cuz Brazil is certainly going to make you pay if you're not disciplined.
Meanwhile, the first choice LB (Parkhurst) is busy getting toasted on the right.
- May 31, 2012 at 9:36 AM
- brian said...
castillo comes in at left back, looses his mark and the 4th goal was scored. was it offsides? i really dont know, haven't seen a good replay. klinsman thinks he was "2 yrds offsides"
- May 31, 2012 at 9:37 AM
- Greg Seltzer said...
"never said gooch was the only one with troubles but he looked lost out there all game (more than most)"
I do no agree. Bocanegra looked far more lost. Gooch made flubs. There's a difference.
"had a terrible touch"
You think this is a Gooch crime? This is way down the list. Besides, Donovan had abysmal touch all night, which is actually high on his list of duties.
"i hope as much as the next guy he gets it back, but i have yet to see it, not on the international level."
Okay... then tell me who you have seen it from at right center back on the international level and we'll compare.
"johnson was barley tested?? THEY PLAYED BRAZIL!"
Yes, and Brazil stayed on the other side nearly the whole night. The few times they actually ran at him, he was a little shaky.
- May 31, 2012 at 9:38 AM
- Nick said...
On the one goal...good goal by me. I think Gooch kept him onside.
- May 31, 2012 at 9:43 AM
- Greg Seltzer said...
"Love how Johnson's game at LWB complements what Dempsey, Torres, and Shea all do to one degree or another, and that's roaming toward the center of the park as the situation dictates."
To a degree, but people way overestimate having a winger cut inside to "make room" for the wingback. Watch how Ajax does it and you see those players staying closer together, often with two-man game generating out of that corner. Frankly, the US wide players cut inside far, far, far too often and it destroys the integrity of their offensive tactical set-up. They will learn.
"On Johnson not being tested, Brazil either chose not to test him or he wasn't out of position to be tested cuz Brazil is certainly going to make you pay if you're not disciplined."
Brazil was living through Marcelo. That's why.
"Meanwhile, the first choice LB (Parkhurst) is busy getting toasted on the right."
Erm... so he comes off the bench and Neymar makes him look silly one time out near midfield. Hardly newsworthy.
- May 31, 2012 at 9:44 AM
- Greg Seltzer said...
"Is Holden really going to Turkey?"
- May 31, 2012 at 9:44 AM
- Greg Seltzer said...
"On the one goal...good goal by me. I think Gooch kept him onside."
That was also my observation, Nick.
- May 31, 2012 at 9:45 AM
- brian said...
donavan has one sub par game with a shaky touch and you try to compare to gooch? when was the last time gooch had a touch? i like gooch; when he is dominant, and decisive. did not see any of those things from him last night, thats what i want from a RCB. its not that they never attacked the left flank, i think johnson was just in the right position so that attack never happened, forced to go another route. why would brazils game plan be to just attack dolo, a seasoned proven vet, rather than johnson who (for the fact of the argument) is a rookie. like i said castillo comes in a a goal is leaked from the left side in his what 10-15 min cameo? when will you give fabian the credit he deserves? nice run/assist he had, no?
- May 31, 2012 at 9:49 AM
- brian said...
"On the one goal...good goal by me. I think Gooch kept him onside."
That was also my observation, Nick.
it's because gooch is lost out there. so gooch was ultimately responsible for half the goals we gave up….yikes. to be fair that penalty would probably not be called 50% of the time.
- May 31, 2012 at 10:00 AM
- Greg Seltzer said...
"donavan has one sub par game with a shaky touch and you try to compare to gooch?"
I thought we were discussing that one game.
" when was the last time gooch had a touch? i like gooch; when he is dominant, and decisive. did not see any of those things from him last night, thats what i want from a RCB."
First off, it's simply not true that you did not see him be decisive at all last night. Every single aerial challenge was all his. He also nearly knocked the goal over with a corner kick header. So, if we want to discuss stuff, the exaggerations have to die out. It's all very emotional and I understand that Gooch made several foul-ups last night. But let's not behave as if he took the Lindbergh baby.
"its not that they never attacked the left flank,"
Oh, yes it was.
Left back Marcelo = 73 pass plays
Right back Danilo = 29
And just to drive the point further home, the two Brazil CMs each had under 50 pass plays. For the left back to have 50% more touches than both central mids is crazy lopsided.
"why would brazils game plan be to just attack dolo, a seasoned proven vet, rather than johnson who (for the fact of the argument) is a rookie."
Because Marcelo does not play right back. That's why.
"when will you give fabian the credit he deserves? nice run/assist he had, no?"
FYI: In his three left back starts for the US, I have given Johnson grades of 7, 6.5 and 7 in my US player ratings. Credit has been given, and then I explain why he might get 8, 7.5 and 8 played in his proper position up the wing, where he is sorely needed, before he gets exposed in a competitive match as the sub-par defender he is.
- May 31, 2012 at 10:03 AM
- brian said...
according to jeff carlisle "Onyewu's night got worse in the 26th minute when his attempt to pass on the responsibility of marking Thiago Silva to Jermaine Jones during a corner kick backfired completely. The Brazilian defender ending up completely unmarked to head home Neymar's delivery."
so gooch was responsible for 3 of the 4 goals, but it's ok…he nearly knocked over the goal with a header. marcelo and danilo are DEFENDERS, putting up their passing stats do not necessarily relate to their OFFENSE. and what are "pass plays" is that there individual passes? or plays they were involved in. … agreeing to disagree, done with this, on to the next topic
- May 31, 2012 at 10:20 AM
- Greg Seltzer said...
"it's because gooch is lost out there. so gooch was ultimately responsible for half the goals we gave up….yikes. to be fair that penalty would probably not be called 50% of the time."
For starters, the penalty was ridiculous. He was turning away and pulling his arm in to his face area.
Secondly, his flub with the line was far from the only fault to go around on that goal. I marked five players off from that play, all equally. That was a full team breakdown.
Finally, let me just go ahead and spill my notepad with what I marked for Gooch last night, major item by major item. These are not chronological and I'll leave out a few tiny notations that didn't matter much:
Plus side:
- Long throw helps set up scoring chance
- Strong header hits bar
- 3 important aerial challenge wins
- Good long ball releases attack on right (which they then quickly screwed up)
Minus side:
- Didn't cover the right lane on the 2nd goal cross (one of 3 players marked down on the play)
- His flubbed clearance led to CK, which led to another CK, which was 3rd Brazil goal (one of four marked down)
- Kept Pato onside, 4th goal (one of five marked down)
- 2 missed assignments
- 2 other ball mistakes
In the end, considering the opponent to a degree, I gave him a 5, one full grade under average. So, I gave him a D. Do you think a D report card is too kind? I don't.
Here are some things I do not mark Gooch off for:
- Looking inelegant on the ball when the pass is true
- Clearing well to allow regrouping when we're under intense heat
- Being put in a terrible position by teammate errors
- May 31, 2012 at 10:23 AM
- brian said...
a 5 is the highest grade i have seen so far for his last performance. ESPN (not soccer gods at all) have him a 2. i would go with a 3, 4 absolute highest. have you ranked any below a 5 for this game? i also dont see how hitting the crossbar from a header, off a corner is a positive, it didnt score, didnt lead to other opportunities. good header, no doubt, unlucky. but i almost expect a CB to finish those.
- May 31, 2012 at 10:43 AM
- Alex said...
Gooch pretty much dug his international grave with this game, he was exposed.... badly, more so than anyone else on the US. Boca looked bad also, basically we need to blood two new center backs ASAP because Gooch and Boca absolutely will NOT be able to get it done in 2014 in Brazil.
- May 31, 2012 at 12:28 PM
- Unknown said...
OK, time for us to look in the mirror. We don't have any particularly quick right center backs.
Our best bet was to force Brazil wide and defend their crosses. Boca and Gooch are two of the most qualified men in the world to do just that.
So Gooch had some bone-ups. He also, as always, gave no quarter in the air. Would you be able to say the same about Goodson? Parkhurst?
They'd have been bullied. I guess we'll see what happens against Canada. No small taters there.
- May 31, 2012 at 1:39 PM
- XL72 said...
Yeah I don't understand the Gooch love either. Gooch is good at one thing - winning balls in the air. And he is very good at that but that's it as far as I can see. He is ponderous and looks lost to me most of the time. Not saying Goodson is the answer but I don't think there is much of a difference between Gooch and Goodson and I would give Goodson the edge.
Another thing is - aren't we all hopeful that Holden makes it back to 100% and is in the starting 11 at some point? I know I am. Looking forward, the squad I would ideally like to see (leaving out the CFBs) is
Chandler-RB -CFB,CFB- Johnson-LB
Jones and Bradley
Donovan - Holden - Dempsey (in some order)
and Altidore/Herc (depending on form)
I would be happy if Edu never started another match. Have him on the squad, fine, but the guy is the king of hitting square. I have zero interest in seeing Castillo again.
Also - honestly, it might sound crazy, but I would like to see Guzan get more time in. Not necessarily to take over but I think he is highly underrated and it may show if he had more opportunities.
My 2 cents anyway.
- May 31, 2012 at 1:45 PM
- Unknown said...
Its been 3 years already I mean seriously how long can the US soccer media and fans keep pretending George John doesn't exist?
- June 1, 2012 at 1:06 AM
- John said...
Johnson was one of the best players against Brazil he will be one of our best LB's we have ever had, thank god the Bornstein era was over ever since Bob was relieved of his duties. If Chandler decides to play for the US him and Johnson as our fullbacks will be scary good in 2014!
- June 1, 2012 at 11:13 PM
- John said...
He couldn't even make the first team at West Ham when they were on the Championship.
- June 1, 2012 at 11:16 PM


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Microsoft's official line for Windows 8 is that it has been designed to run on all hardware that is capable of running Windows 7. Thanks to thorough optimization efforts by Microsoft and the continued availability of a 32-bit version, this is largely true—Microsoft's official system requirements for the new operating system are identical to those of Windows 7.
Those minimum system requirements only tell part of the story, though, and there's a wide gap between a system that can run Windows 8 and a system that can run it well, particularly when it comes to Metro and Metro apps. We'll go through all of Microsoft's requirements one by one and tell you what you're actually going to want to use to run Windows 8.
Microsoft says: 1 GHz or faster
Microsoft still uses clock speed to tell you what kind of processor to use with Windows, but we already know that clock speed is essentially irrelevant for comparing processors of different architectures. There are hoary old Pentium IIIs from around the turn of the millennium that run at 1GHz, but you'll bring yourself nothing but sadness if you try using them to run a modern operating system.
For a satisfactory experience, you'll want to be using at least a dual-core processor, preferably one of Intel's Core 2 Duos, AMD's Athlon X2s, or anything newer—these processors both became common in mainstream PCs in 2006 and 2007.
Microsoft says: DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver
This basic graphics recommendation, the bare minimum required to enable the Aero Glass theme in Windows Vista and Windows 7, worked fairly well for those operating systems, and for the most part the Windows 7 user interface looks and behaves the same whether you're using a pair of $500 graphics cards or a lowly Intel integrated graphics chip from 2006.
Windows 8 is less kind to older, low-end graphics hardware. Microsoft itself says that "some games and other software" require a DirectX 10-class graphics processor, which began shipping in late 2006 and 2007. If you have a dedicated graphics processor from ATI/AMD's Radeon HD 2000 series or NVIDIA's GeForce 8-series or better, you should have a reasonably good experience with Metro and Metro apps, and drivers for your card should be readily available from AMD, NVIDIA, or through Windows Update, which isn't a given for older cards.
The conversation changes a bit when we're talking about cheaper, integrated graphics processors, which have historically been a convenient way to cut costs and bring down power requirements in cheap PCs and laptops, but have only in recent years been powerful enough to replace even low-end dedicated GPUs. To get a decent Windows 8 experience, I would recommend using an AMD Radeon HD 3200 (2008) or better, an NVIDIA GeForce 9400 (2008) or better, or any version of Intel's HD Graphics processor (2010), which has been included with Intel's last three processor generations.
If you're unsure what your graphics processor your computer uses, you can check it out either in the Windows Device Manager or by using GPU-Z, a third-party program that will give you much more detailed information about your hardware.
Microsoft says: 1GB (32-bit) or 2GB (64-bit)
Microsoft's Windows 7 RAM requirements are too low, and they continue to be too low in Windows 8. You should be using at least double the recommended amount to ensure headroom for additional programs and background services; Windows will run in the officially recommended amount of RAM, but open more than a few programs and your computer will quickly be hobbled. Memory is dirt cheap these days—treat yourself.
Hard drive
Microsoft says: 16GB (32-bit) or 20GB (64-bit)
The exact capacity of the drive you use for Windows will depend entirely on what you need to store on it, so I'll refrain from making specific recommendations about it.
I do recommend using a solid-state drive to boot Windows 8, but that recommendation stands for basically any computer running any operating system ever. Windows 8 still runs fine on the spinning hard drives still shipped in most desktops and laptops, but Windows 8's tablet-esque feel and search-heavy usage model will be much better served by solid state storage—good, reliable drives from the likes of Crucial, Samsung, and Intel can be had for prices nearing about $1 per gigabyte these days, which is pretty tempting given spinning hard drives' reluctance to drop back down to pre-flood prices.
Windows 8 and Netbooks
When Windows 7 was in its public preview phase, the netbook movement was still in full swing, and Microsoft proudly proclaimed that the new OS would run much better on netbooks than Windows Vista did.
Windows 8 still runs on netbooks, but the tiny laptops' limitations can severely impact its functionality. The Atom processor itself, especially in its dual-core variations, can run Windows 8 well enough, but the graphics processors with which Atom is so often paired— Intel's GMA 950, 3150, and 500 integrated graphics processors, for the most part—all fall well under the minimum GPU requirements we talked about above.
Even more problematic however, is the 1024x600 screen resolution used by the majority of netbooks, which is too small to run any Metro apps (the minimum is 1024x768, or 1366x768 to use Metro's Snap feature). This by itself limits Windows 8's usefulness on netbooks.
To recap, this is our complete list of recommended system requirements for a good Windows 8 experience:
|Microsoft says
|Ars says
|1 GHz or faster
|Intel Core 2 Duo, AMD Athlon X2 or better
|DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 driver or better
|Dedicated GPU: AMD Radeon HD 2000 series, NVIDIA GeForce 8 series or betterIntegrated GPU: AMD Radeon HD 3200, NVIDIA GeForce 9400, Intel HD Graphics or better
|1GB (32-bit) or 2GB (64-bit)
|2GB (32-bit) or 4GB (64-bit)
|Hard Drive
|16GB (32-bit) or 20GB (64-bit)
|Solid-state drive
This should encompass just about any desktop or laptop PC sold with a Windows 7 sticker attached, and many PCs sold during the middle and late Vista era (which is to say, from mid-to-late 2007 and on, and making the obvious exception for netbooks). You can certainly run Windows 8 on lesser hardware, and knowing the PC enthusiast community many of you probably will. However, unless you've identified some Windows 8 features that you absolutely can't live without, the Windows 8 and Metro experience on these computers won't be good enough to merit the cost of the operating system license.