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Freedom Forum Institute > First Amendment Center > Topics > Glossary of Terms
Absolute privilege — The right of legislators, judges and government officials to speak without threat of libel when acting in their official capacities.
Actual malice — In New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964), the Supreme Court defined actual malice as a state of mind in which a person or publication makes an untrue and defamatory statement about a person "with knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not." In order to recover damages for libel or defamation, a public official or public figure must be able to show by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant acted with actual malice.
Appropriation of likeness — Generally, a person's right to privacy allows him to determine the use of his name or likeness, except in some public scenarios. Improper invasion of a person's privacy occurs when one uses his likeness for commercial gain or in such a way that "a person of ordinary sensibilities" would be offended.
Associational rights — These rights, which forbid the government from preventing people from joining organizations, are found implicitly in the First Amendment guarantee to speak and assemble freely. So long as the association or group in question does not present a clear and present danger, or advocate illegal activity, it is fully protected by the First Amendment (unless subject to a "time, place and manner" restriction). However, this right does not always work both ways, as there are certain situations where the government may force a group to include members.
Bad tendency — The bad-tendency test finds its roots in English common law, where it stood for the proposition that the government could restrict speech that would have the tendency to cause or incite illegal activity. Articulated in 1907 in the Supreme Court case Patterson v. Colorado, the test only stood for a dozen years. It was overruled when Justice Holmes, speaking for the majority, implicitly rejected this test with the advent of the "clear and present danger" test in Schenck v. United States (1919). This test, while analytically similar, requires a showing that the speech will cause a real and imminent threat.
Captive audience — The government has the ability to limit speech that would otherwise be protected if that speech is being imposed on a captive audience, which occurs when it would be impractical for the listener to be able to escape that speech. This is often used in cases of minors.
Central Hudson test — The Supreme Court devised this test in Central Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v. Public Service Commission of New York (1980) to determine when commercial speech would receive First Amendment protection. When deciding if the First Amendment should shield commercial speech, courts must consider whether:
Certiorari (writ of certiorari) — Certiorari, meaning in Latin to "be more fully informed," is the procedure used by the Supreme Court and appellate courts to review the cases they hear. After receiving an appeal, the court decides whether to grant certiorari and review the lower court's case. If it grants certiorari, or "cert," then the higher court reviews the case. If the court denies cert, then the lower court ruling stands. In the Supreme Court, the votes of four justices are required to grant certiorari.
Clear and present danger — In Schenck v. United States (1919), Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes articulated this test, which said that the government may suppress speech that presents a clear and present danger, as long as the government can show that that danger is both real and imminent.
Compelled speech — As a general rule, the government cannot force an individual to express himself in a way that he would not otherwise do. This principle stems from West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette(1943), which held that a state could not force students to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. However, complications arise when commercial speech is involved, because companies, not people, are expressing themselves, and some advertising and other commercial speech can be regulated.
Content discrimination — A law that discriminates based on the content of a message — as opposed to the time, place or manner in which that message is made, or the reactions it incites in people — is considered presumptively unconstitutional.
Content neutrality — The opposite of content–based laws, content–neutral regulation of speech means the restrictions are placed on any speech regardless of what it says. For example, although a law might be able to regulate whether pamphlets could be distributed in a public school, it could not discriminate against only Christian or Muslim pamphlets Such content neutral regulations that interfere with speech are examined under a balancing test, comparing the state's interest in prohibiting the activity in question and the level of interference with the speaker, which is often determined by looking at available avenues of communication.
Copyright — The Constitution's copyright clause and the First Amendment foster creativity and freedom of expression. Ideally, these two parts of the Constitution work hand in hand to ensure greater artistic, technological and scientific advancement. But oftentimes, particularly in the age of the Internet, copyright and the First Amendment collide.
The copyright clause: Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the Constitution reads: "To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries."
The First Amendment, the first 45 words of the Bill of Rights, provides that "Congress shall make no law … abridging the freedom of speech." The question becomes how to balance these two sometimes-competing principles.
Some inherent degree of tension exists between the First Amendment and copyright. Copyright allows creators of expressive conduct to control the flow of certain information and expression, while the First Amendment ensures the free flow of information and expression.
One purpose of copyright law is to provide protection for the creator of an expressive work. The main purpose of the First Amendment is to ensure public access to information. Copyright protection reduces access to some information by limiting the extent to which it can be copied by others. "By allowing the removal of certain speech from the marketplace of ideas, however, copyright appears to fly in the face of the goals of the First Amendment," legal scholar Stephen Fraser has written. Georgetown law professor Julie Cohen explains that "intellectual property protection, and particularly copyright protection, is a form of censorship."
Copyright creates property rights for the creators of certain works. This is why copyright, along with patent and trademark law, is labeled under the rubric of intellectual property. If a person copies another's work without permission, that person has trespassed on the creator's property, or copyrighted expression. This is called copyright infringement. If a person directly copies another's expression, that person has committed direct copyright infringement. If a person or company enables others to commit copyright infringement, they have committed contributory or vicarious infringement.
Registration of a work with the U.S. Copyright Office is prima facie evidence of a valid right to a work in question; however, even without registration an author may own certain rights in his work, as determined by common law. However, without a valid registration, an author cannot institute an infringement action, nor can she recover certain remedies, including attorneys' fees.
Copyright exists to increase knowledge. It does so by providing creators with an economic incentive to produce work. Copyright protects "original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression." It protects books, artwork, sculptures, paintings, musical compositions and many other forms. The U.S. Supreme Court has written: "It should not be forgotten that the Framers intended copyright itself to be an engine of free expression" (Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enterprises, 1985).
The theory is that if people could freely copy anyone else's work without paying for it, there would be no incentive for the creation of new material. Why take your time to create a product if you will receive no reward?
However, the law also recognizes that if copyright law is too rigid, then there will be a dramatic reduction in the public's access to information. Copyright law attempts to resolve this dilemma to a degree by distinguishing between expression and ideas.
Facial challenge — A challenge that claims a law is inherently unconstitutional (unconstitutional on its face), as opposed to a law that is applied in a particular situation unconstitutionally.
Fair use — The U.S. Copyright Act has a fair-use exemption, allowing a defendant to a copyright-infringement claim to escape liability on the theory that it is only equitable that he should be able to use the original work in some manner. Fair-use inquiries are examined case by case and depend on four factors:
False light — A form of invasion of privacy in which a person is presented in a way that leaves a negative and inaccurate impression about that person. False light is a tort theory under which a claimant might sue for damage to reputation.
Fighting words — In its leading case on the subject, Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, the U.S. Supreme Court defined fighting words as those words "which by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace." The court later used the terms "epithets" and "personal abuse" in discussing fighting words.
First impression — A court hears a case of first impression when the issues in the case have not been addressed previously and whatever the court says on the issues will have value as precedent for other courts in the future.
Gag order — A court order prohibiting or limiting communication about a case. Gag orders have been imposed on the press, attorneys, jurors and others. These orders are presumptively unconstitutional when applied to the press. Judges have greater ability to impose such orders on trial participants.
Group libel — Libel aimed at a specific group rather than an individual, usually on the basis of race, sex, nationality, etc. However, a plaintiff must be able to show individual harm in a libel action, which often proves to be difficult when group libel is in question. The smaller the group, the more likely the courts are to find group libel. The Supreme Court found group libel to exist in Beauharnais v. Illinois, a widely criticized case from 1951.
Harmful to minors — States have the ability to deem certain speech that is protected for adults obscene only with respect to minors. Many states have passed what are called "harmful-to-minors" obscenity statutes. The Supreme Court has held that these statutes must be quite narrow and must not limit adult access to protected speech. Consequently, translating these statutes to material on the Internet has proven to be rather complicated, as current technology makes it difficult to discern between adult and minor viewers.
Hate crime — A criminal act committed out of hatred for a certain type or types of people.
Heckler's veto — A heckler's veto occurs when government attempts to suppress speech (usually of an inflammatory nature) in order to avoid an undesirable reaction. Such suppression is generally a violation of the First Amendment.
Incitement — The act of one person causing another to consider committing a crime, regardless of whether in fact the crime was committed. Incitement is the attempt to draw in another person as a conspirator or an accomplice. In Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969), the Supreme Court held that, to be a crime, incitement must go beyond mere advocacy of illegal actions to tending to cause "imminent lawless action."
Indecency — "Indecent" speech usually receives First Amendment protection, except when it is broadcast over the airwaves. In FCC v. Pacifica (1978), the Supreme Court held that the Federal Communications Commission could regulate indecent speech because broadcast media are both uniquely pervasive and uniquely accessible to children. For regulatory purposes, the FCC defines indecency as "language or material that, in context, depicts or describes, in terms patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards for the broadcast medium, sexual or excretory activities or organs" (16 FCCR 7999, 8000).
Indirect burden — The standard of review used in both free-speech and free-exercise cases is the determination of whether the regulation in question poses a direct or indirect burden upon the right in question. If a law indeed poses a direct burden on speech or on the free exercise of religion, it will need to withstand the highest level of scrutiny by the courts in order to be upheld. A law imposing an indirect burden will be examined under the rubric of the rational-basis test.
Lemon test — A three-pronged test for whether a government involvement in religion is constitutional. In the 1971 U.S. Supreme Court decision Lemon v. Kurtzman, a case involving state funds for teacher salaries in private elementary schools, the Supreme Court determined that two state laws mandating the funding violated the establishment clause. The Court created what came to be known as the Lemon test, under which:
Limited open forum — Under the Equal Access Act, a limited open forum is created whenever a public secondary school provides an opportunity for one or more "noncurriculum-related student groups" to meet on school premises during noninstructional time. The forum created is said to be "limited" because it is only the school's own students who can take advantage of the open forum. Outsiders are not granted an independent right of access by the act.
Miller test — The Miller test is the list of criteria used to determine whether particular material is obscene. The Supreme Court held in Miller v. California(1973) that the material is obscene if:
Must-carry rules — Sections 4 and 5 of the Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992 forced cable operators to carry on their cable systems local commercial and public broadcast stations. In TurnerBroadcasting System v. FCC (1997), the Supreme Court said these rules did not violate cable carriers' First Amendment rights because they were economic regulations aimed at preserving the viability of the local broadcast networks and because they were imposed on all cable systems without reference to the content offered.
Neutral-reporting privilege — Protects news organizations when they publish statements, even reckless statements, made by others about a public figure even if the press suspects the statements are not true. As one federal appeals court wrote in 1977 when describing the privilege: "We do not believe that the press may be required under the First Amendment to suppress newsworthy statements merely because it has serious doubts regarding their truth." The neutral-reporting privilege differs from the similar fair-report privilege in that fair report generally applies only when the allegedly defamatory statements are made directly from a public record, public meeting or government press release. Neutral reporting applies to statements outside the context of official government proceedings or records. Not all jurisdictions recognize the neutral-reporting privilege. The U.S. Supreme Court has never directly ruled on it.
Overbreadth doctrine — This doctrine holds that a regulation of expression that curtails protected speech, even if it also restricts unprotected speech, can be challenged as invalid. In NAACP v. Alabama (1964), the Supreme Court said that a law or government regulation "to control or prevent activities constitutionally subject to state regulation may not be achieved by means which sweep unnecessarily broadly and thereby invade the area of protected freedoms."
Preferred position — In Murdock v. Pennsylvania (1943), the Supreme Court, in striking down a law requiring a license fee for canvassers and solicitors, held that "[f]reedom of press, freedom of speech, [and] freedom of religion are in a preferred position." Thus, when the courts are in a position of balancing multiple fundamental rights, they often hold First Amendment rights in a "preferred position." While this language has been dropped from modern opinions, its notion has not.
Prior restraint — This violation of the First Amendment occurs when the government attempts to censor expression before its publication.
Public figure — One becomes a public figure by achieving enough fame or notoriety to be considered well known by the public. One may also be considered a public figure for a limited purpose if he or she is thrust (voluntarily or by others) into a public controversy or event. In New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), the Supreme Court held that when suing for defamation, a public figure has the burden of showing with clear and convincing evidence that the defendant acted with actual malice.
Public forum — Under the public-forum doctrine, government officials have less authority to restrict speech in places that by tradition have been open for free expression. Such an area is called a public forum. In its 1983 decision Perry Education Ass'n v. Perry Local Educators Ass'n, the U.S. Supreme Court wrote: "In places which by long tradition or by government fiat have been devoted to assembly and debate, the rights of the state to limit expressive activity are sharply circumscribed."
There are at least two other types of forums under the public-forum doctrine: the limited, or designated, public forum and the nonpublic forum. In a designated public forum, the government designates a certain forum for expressive purposes. When the government opens up a forum, it is generally subject to the same free-speech standards as a traditional public forum. This means that restrictions on speech are subject to the highest form of judicial review, known as strict scrutiny. However, the Supreme Court has indicated that in creating a limited public forum, the government can restrict access to certain speakers and topics. Many lower courts use the term "limited public forum" quite differently. Many courts view the limited public forum as a subset of the designated public forum and hold that such restrictions must only be reasonable and viewpoint neutral. Suffice it to say, there is substantial confusion in the lower courts over the terms "limited public forum" and "designated public forum." (See Leslie Gielow Jacobs, "The Public Sensibilities Forum," 95 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1357, 1370 (2001)).
In a nonpublic forum, the government's regulations on speech do not have to meet strict scrutiny. Rather, they must be reasonable and viewpoint-neutral.
The public-forum doctrine applies many times in First Amendment jurisprudence when the government imposes speech restrictions on government property.
Qualified immunity — A doctrine that protects government officials from liability in civil rights actions when they do not violate clearly established principles of law.
Rational basis — The rational-basis test allows for a high level of deference to the government; so long as the government has any legitimate objective and the regulation is reasonably related to that regulation, it will stand. For example, a law outlawing the drug peyote, even for religious purposes, only has to pass the rational-basis test. See Employment Division v. Smith (1990). It is commonly assumed that most regulations will withstand rational-basis scrutiny.
Reckless disregard — In New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964), the Supreme Court defined actual malice as a state of mind in which a person or publication makes an untrue and defamatory statement about a person "with knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not." In order to recover damages for libel or defamation, a public official or public figure must be able to show by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant acted with actual malice.
Released time — Time during which public schools can choose to release students during the school day to receive private religious instruction off campus, if parents consent.
Reporters' privilege — Reporters are protected, on a state-by-state basis, by statutory law or constitution, from testifying about confidential information or sources at trial.
Reporters often use confidential sources for information that otherwise they would not be able to obtain. For a variety of reasons, the government (or others) may want the reporter to reveal her source. In many jurisdictions, but not all, the courts presume that the reporter has a right not to identify her confidential sources. Generally, the privilege will apply unless those trying to get the reporter to divulge her source make a case that:
Right of publicity — The right of people, particularly celebrities, to control how others use their names and images. The right of publicity exists primarily as a trademark right. There is no right to use someone's identity in a commercial context. For example, an advertising agency cannot use a sound-alike voice in a commercial without the consent of the celebrity. See Midler v. Young & Rubicam, Inc. (1991).
Secondary effects — This doctrine, which arose out of adult-business zoning cases, provides that government officials have greater leeway to regulate adult businesses if they are concerned with the harmful side effects allegedly associated with these businesses — such as increased crime and decreased property values. However, especially at the local level, this doctrine has been applied outside of the adult-business context. According to many First Amendment advocates, the doctrine thus threatens to undermine existing First Amendment free-speech jurisprudence.
Sedition — Generally seen as expression with the intent to incite rebellion against the government, sedition is constitutionally protected unless it falls outside the "clear and present danger" test.
Shield laws — Shield laws are the codification in state law of the reporter's privilege not to be forced to identify his confidential sources or not to testify as a source himself. Thirty-one states and the District of Columbia have enacted these types of laws, but each state's laws vary.
Son of Sam laws — Son of Sam" laws generally prohibit a convicted criminal from profiting from the publication or discussion of his felonies. In 1991, the Supreme Court struck down the first "Son of Sam" law, which was in New York, (Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Members of New York State Crime Victims Bd.), saying it went too far in impeding First Amendment rights in an effort to protect victims' rights. Subsequent "Son of Sam" laws have been struck down as well.
Spectrum scarcity — Radio and television can be broadcast only certain bandwidths on the electromagnetic spectrum, which means that only a limited number of broadcast channels may be available without interfering with each other. Congress established the Federal Communications Commission to supervise the use of the spectrum so that this interference would be minimized or eliminated. Accordingly, the FCC determines how much of the electromagnetic spectrum is devoted to radio and television, how much space on the spectrum each station should get, and which stations to license to use the reserved spots on the spectrum. Some legal scholars think giving the FCC these powers is unconstitutional because this situation is no different than an unconstitutional requirement that newspapers must have a government license to be published. Cable and satellite TV don't use the spectrum and so are not affected.
Strict scrutiny — To withstand strict scrutiny, a law must be in furtherance of a compelling government interest and go no further than necessary in impeding First Amendment rights. This rigorous test is only applied when there is a substantial interference with First Amendment rights.
Time, place and manner — Considerations that could act as restrictions on what would ordinarily be First Amendment-protected expression. Such restrictions do not target speech based on content, and in order to stand up in court, they must be applied in a content-neutral manner. For example, people have the right to march in protest, but not with noisy bullhorns at 4 a.m. in a residential neighborhood.
True threat — A real threat to a person's safety made by another person. The Supreme Court in Watts v. United States (1969) said threats to personal safety are not protected by the Constitution.
Tort liability — A tort is a wrong done to someone, a civil cause of action for which a standard remedy is monetary damages or an injunction. Examples of tort claims include defamation, invasion of privacy and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Liability means that one owes another for the harm he or she has caused.
Viewpoint discrimination — A regulation is considered to discriminate on the basis of viewpoint when it attacks a particular individual's or group's message, as opposed to the mode in which that message is conveyed. Such laws are facially unconstitutional and are considered an especially egregious form of content discrimination. For example, a law prohibiting cross-burning in general have been found to be unconstitutional, whereas a law banning cross-burning with the intent to intimidate have been found not to be unconstitutional. See Virginia v. Black (2003).
Vagueness — A characteristic of laws that are imprecisely worded. A vague law restricting some form of free expression would be unclear as to what is allowed and what is not. See Overbreadth doctrine.
Legal-research interns Julie Samuels and Michael Roffe of Vanderbilt Law School, and Greg Groninger of the University of Richmond School of Law, contributed to this glossary.


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In August 2011, Apple underwent a major corporate change as CEO Steve Jobs stepped down from his post and handed control to COO Tim Cook—not as a temporary measure this time, but for good. Jobs adopted a new position as Chairman of the Board; less than two months later, he died.
Jobs' passing, one year ago today, wasn't a shock—he had battled cancer and cancer-related ailments for nearly a decade at that point—but it still sent ripples through the tech world. For Apple's own employees, it was a strange shift. A post-Steve Apple had been born whether anyone liked it or not, and it was up to everyone in the company to soldier on. But in which direction?
"Now that Steve's gone, there's a lack of hot-headedness, and there's a lack of fear. As dumb as it sounds, fear is good. It keeps you from being complacent."
Cook faced unique challenges in his new position—he wasn't just a new CEO, he was under an extremely critical microscope to see whether he could measure up as Replacement Steve™. Jobs had instructed Cook to avoid asking himself what Jobs would do—instead, Cook was told to "just do what's right"—but Jobs' legacy at Apple was a powerful force, and it exerted a pull on Apple-watchers everywhere. "Would Steve have done this?" became one of the most common—and annoying—questions that cropped up in the press every time Apple did something of interest, such as when the company apologized for releasing an incomplete product or admitted to a mistake in leaving an environmental product registry.
But it wasn't just outsiders asking the question. Many of Apple's own employees—the engineers who work passionately on the hardware and software that customers use every day—have found themselves involved in repeated conversations over the past year about what Jobs would have done. Or if they were not directly involved, they heard about such conversations from their peers. The question became a common refrain within Apple, though opinions differ on whether its effect has been positive.
One year into Tim Cook's leadership, we spoke with a number of Apple employees to find out what has changed under the new boss. Those we spoke with are acutely aware that the slice of Apple they are exposed to doesn't necessarily represent the whole company. Apple is a secretive organization, even from the inside, and different groups operate in different ways. But we did speak to people from several different parts of the company, and from several different levels of experience, in order to sketch a balanced picture of post-Steve life inside One Infinite Loop.
What would Steve do?
A common thread among all these conversations was that the last year has invited constant reflection on decisions within the company. "'Steve wouldn't have let that happen' is something you'd hear all too often in the last 12 months," one source told Ars. "Anything from Maps to things such as the clusterfuck with [Apple's new retail head] John Browett."
"Maps sucks. But MobileMe sucked, too, and that was under Steve Jobs."
The missteps, such as iOS 6 Maps, have upset the employees, too. "It was clear to anybody who would use it, even in the iOS betas, that Maps looks pretty bad," another source said. "If someone had showed that to Steve, he would've said, 'This looks like shit.' He would have actually said that. Tim did the right thing by apologizing, but the better thing would've been, like, 'We can't ship this.'"
But having Jobs in control also produced a culture in which secrecy and even a bit of fear was a part of everyday life at Apple, which helped steer intensive R&D efforts. "Steve would come up with a good idea—he came with a lot of bad ones, too—and somebody would be mobilized internally to start working on it, kind of like a startup," one person said. "You vanished from your secret post to do some secret work, and many months later you'd return to your group to do your thing. That kind of thing doesn't seem to happen anymore, or at least I haven't seen it."
Some said that the fear helped inspire a more intense commitment to the work. "Now that Steve's gone, there's a lack of hot-headedness, and there's a lack of fear," another person said. "As dumb as it sounds, fear is good. It keeps you from being complacent."
Under Cook, the tone has changed—not that everyone likes the new approach. The employees we spoke with disagreed, for instance, on how the Maps issue had been handled; not everyone thought Cook did the right thing by apologizing. Some employees expressed irritation that Apple appears to be rolling over more often than it would have under Jobs.
"I can bring to memory possibly two Steve apologies, ever. MobileMe, and the bumper issue with the iPhone 4—and of those, only MobileMe was an actual apology," one employee said.
Why are mommy and daddy fighting?
The constant comparisons between Jobs and Cook have been draining to some employees, who are annoyed with the constant questioning of Cook's decision-making abilities.
Another employee added that Cook was better at "getting shit done."
"I think a lot of people see Apple and think, 'Oh man, there are politics and internal bickering and Steve Jobs would never have let that happen!' But the truth is: it's a big company and it was always like this," one source said. "It's no different than before. Bad decisions are being made. Maps sucks. But MobileMe sucked, too, and that was under Steve Jobs."
The squabbles have become a distraction for some. Can one really do his or her best work when colleagues are distressed over whether Apple is moving in the right direction?
For others, they don't affect daily work. Although many of the Apple employees we spoke to described for us—sometimes in painful detail—the kinds of bickering present in their respective groups, most agreed that for someone on an engineering level or below, day-to-day life doesn't differ much since last year. (The exception is retail employees, who have strong opinions about how their lives have changed under the aforementioned John Browett.)
The employees we talked to also pointed to areas which Cook has improved at Apple since Jobs left. Most importantly, he has tightened up manufacturing operations—many devices being ordered online by customers today haven't even been made when they're ordered. "You remember ten years ago when they would announce some stuff and it wouldn't come out for months?" one source asked. "If this were ten years ago, if you couldn't get an iPhone 5 in three weeks, you may as well just give it up" due to lengthy product backlogs. Another employee added that Cook was better at "getting shit done."
Then there's the cash. "We're making more money, as a company and on an individual level," said one source. "Watching the stock price go up and up—I credit Tim for that."
Employees also said Cook was more approachable than Jobs, with "low-level" employees feeling comfortable enough to speak with him in the cafeteria or to approach him in a hallway. Cook recently sent an e-mail to employees about taking off extra time during Thanksgiving—something we're told Jobs did as well—but some employees feel that Cook is better at "acknowledging people for their work."
Looking to the future
"Apple is kind of on a track right now where we can print our own money for a while."
Ultimately, it doesn't matter what Steve would or wouldn't do, because Steve is gone. What matters is what those still at Apple will do.
One person familiar with Apple's overall retail operations had a dark view of the future. "I really am worried as to what Apple will be like in three years. I'm sure that corporate will be fine, pushing out the iPhone Classic or whatever, and that retail will be awash with idiots," he said. "It feels like the mid-'90s all over again. We can still remember how awesome we were, and so we can't see the storm rolling on in."
But, just as that source predicted, those we spoke to from Apple corporate had a much more positive view of what's ahead.
"I don't know what our next big thing is going to be, beyond what I'm currently working on," said one source. "And I don't know if Steve was the one who had all the ideas, or if he and Jony Ive came up with them together, or what. But Apple is kind of on a track right now where we can print our own money for a while."
Another source emphasized that Apple is a weird company "and continues to be weird." He sees no reason that will change in the future. "The goal is the same, the motivations appear the same."
Opinions differed on whether Cook has been doing un-Steve-like things over the last year, but the corporate folks agreed that Cook has been a strong leader in his own right. As one employee put it, "I think the Apple doomsayer articles are grabbing at straws." Employees describe Cook as smart, and as capable of surrounding himself with the kinds of people who make the hard decisions that Jobs might once have made himself.
"I think the general consensus at Apple is that he seems like a nice guy," one person said. "He's very different from Steve, but that's not a problem."
When and whether Apple's internal culture can move past the constant questioning about Jobs' ideas and his legacy remains unclear, but employees are eager for it to happen so that they can focus on doing their best work. As Cook does during the company's quarterly fiscal calls, some Apple employees are happy to hint (without details!) that interesting things remain in the product pipeline.
As one employee put it, "I think we'll continue to ship a lot of cool shit."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mon-Dak players of the week announced
Staff Writer
Devils Lake Journal
The Mon-Dak players of the week announced.
Women: Jazzmine Robinson a 5'6" sophomore guard from Williston State College. In three wins last week she scored 53 points shooting 60% from the field, had 14 rebounds, 14 assists and 11 steals. Jazzmine is from Las Vegas, Nevada and attended Las Vegas High School.
Men: Melvin Langstaff a 6' guard from Lake Region State College. In four wins last week shooting 59% from the field he scored 95 points, had 32 rebounds, 15 assists and 2 steals. Melvin is from Warwick and attended Warwick High School.


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I am not always good at solving puzzles. I don't "do" puzzles for fun. A sewing pattern or quilting directions are puzzle enough for me. If I buy box furniture that has to be assembled, I call my sister. She has a better spatial sense and reads directions better.
My son, "Tech Support" was here for 10 days to attend a couple of graduation parties and to deal with what was left behind last winter that was too heavy for his rental truck before the management decided to write a complaint. The have been across the street every day since my neighbors back yard started disappearing down the creek. That means they are looking down my driveway. So far they have been distracted.
We started that weekend with a community wide yard sale. Last year on this weekend it was 100 degrees and nothing sold. This year it was 60 and raining. I managed to sell my dining room table and chairs. None of his stuff sold so it all had to be moved.
My son has excellent skills with puzzles and they were seriously tested this week. They didn't test him, they tested my ability to watch him put this puzzle together with confidence. I didn't get nearly enough photos of the progress. To save money on fuel, my son drove his small car instead of a friend's bigger pick-up truck from his home in Arizona. It doesn't tow much weight and he had a lot of heavy steel to tow. Rental trailers were heavy and expensive.
So then comes the brilliant idea to buy a trailer. I suggested we take my Suburban to fit the box in the back with more ease. Tech Supports eyes got big. "I thought they came all put together." When I expressed doubt, he made a phone call. Sure enough, it came in a box to be put together at home. He had one day to put it together and one day to get it loaded before his long drive back. Tools had to be purchased and of course there were hitches that didn't quite fit, lights that were broken and wiring that needed to be done. When I needed a trailer, I rented one, let them hook it to my hitch and drive away.
I was greatly surprised at the lack of blue words coming off the driveway as this puzzle was systematically put together. Many trips were made for replacement parts and other tools. I'm an old woman. I have very few tools here. The extent of my help was to hold onto things, hand others and feed the machine that figured everything out. I must admit, I shook my head a lot thinking this tiny trailer was never going to hold all that weight.
Can I tell you how impressed I was that Tech Support got this puzzle solved and everything loaded by 10 p.m. his last night here? We were up very early to load up clean laundry and snacks along with other miscellaneous items that had been previously left behind. I fully expected a call if he got as far as the top of our hill saying that the tires had popped. Instead there were the calls to report that he was sitting in standstill traffic and finally the one I most wanted. He had made his two day driving destination into California to attend the memorial service for his step-father. He won't be alone on the last leg of his trip to Arizona so I can retire my worry beads and get some much needed rest.
How are you at following the directions that come with products? Are you a fan of puzzles?
"Sometimes the hardest pieces of a puzzle to assemble, are the ones missing from the box."~ Dixie Waters
From my heart to yours,
Marlene Herself


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Rainbow Wood
Rainbow Wood specialise in an extensive range of quality children's beds and bedroom furniture in a variety of woods and finishes from top brand names including Thuka, Stompa, Parisot, Scallywag, Urban and Gami.
Our range includes children's beds to suit all ages and needs. Sturdy pine starter beds, beautiful carved or painted themed children's beds that are sure to inspire your child's imagination, four poster beds and smart divan beds. Our mid-sleeper and high-sleeper cabin beds are perfect for maximising use of space creating room for play, study and storage. We also supply bunk beds, budget metal beds, complete room sets and lots more.
Our knowledgeable staff are always on hand to help you with your queries and advise on how you can customise ranges to best suit your individual needs.
Browse our website, call us, or visit our showroom.
New in to us now is a range of children's toys, specialising in Brio trains, wooden puzzles, from pocket money toys to big toys plus outdoor play equipment such as climbing frames and swings. Toy brands include Hape, Kinetic Sand, BigJigs, BRIO, Extreme Lounging, Plum, Jungle Gym, Trunki and Winning Moves
Showroom: 103 Main Street, Bingley, West Yorkshire BD16 2HT
Tel: (01274) 569911


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text: Portal WHOIS WHOIS.UANIC.NAME Main website page UANIC.NAME Landing portal Global.UANIC.NAME Billing service Billing.UANIC.NAME Affiliate program Partners.UANIC.NAME Reseller program Reseller.UANIC.NAME Support Team website Support.UANIC.NAME WHOIS Public WHOIS Database Full WHOIS Information for Domain Short WHOIS Information for Domain IP Get IP-address Information UANIC WHOIS IP Database RIPE WHOIS IP Database SEO & Analytics Detailed SEO - Analysis of website Analysis of Search Queries Content Information Analysis of HTML-coding and Maintenance Analysis of HTML-meta Tags Analysis of Website Traffic Website cost calculator Similar website selection Tools Check Server Status Check Website Cost Check Response Time (Ping) Check Website for Viruses Website SpeedTest Services Domain Registration Suggested Domain Name Transfer Domain to UANIC New gTLD UANIC ++ Special Offers Affiliate Program Reseller Program WHOIS Info-blog Support Advertising Add website Would you like to translate this page into English language? 276 899 167 HIT/VIEWS pages per year 773 OPERATIONS leads per week 1 817 084 DOMAINS in database 10 853 051 IP-ADDRESSES in database 90 671 COMMENTS published SEO check - site RENTAGRID.ORG Date of page refresh: 2022-10-04 11:03 SEO-analysis of website rentagrid.org relevant to 2017-08-28 05:00:04Date of addition domain name to UANIC database: 2014-02-03 Add a Review (1) | WHOIS & DNS RENTAGRID.ORG CY: 0 of 500'000 Trust website: 0 of 100 Cost website: $ 12 U.Score 0 ID: #67699 | Report Script automatically alert search engines Are you owner (a web-optimizer) of rentagrid.org? 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No dateGet code No dateGet code No dateGet code No dateGet code No dateGet code No dateGet code RENTAGRID.ORG - Basic SEO-information about website Website Name: - Description:site not found Keywords: - Ranking Alexa: Not defined Number of indexed pages Google: Not defined Number of indexed pages Yandex: Not defined Backlinks by Alexa: Not defined Name Servers (DNS): - IP server: 184.108.40.206 Button-informer Counter for CY and TRUST 00 Copy and paste this code to your website RENTAGRID.ORG - Short SEO-analysis (summary) of website Website «- », placed on a domain: RENTAGRID.ORG, delegated under the control of the hosting server, which is actually located at the address (country, city): -. IP-address of the hosting server: 22.214.171.124 The developers website theme rentagrid.org (description of the website): site not found, the optimizer uses the keywords: . Website rentagrid.org it contains 0 indexed pages, index CY 0 . 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While all women are unique, many face similar challenges such as time away from careers to care for family or aging parents, the likelihood of marrying later in life or finding yourself suddenly single from a divorce or outliving your spouse or partner. How you approach these things may be different. Doesn't it make sense to be as educated and involved as possible when it comes to your finances? We think so.
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Welcome to karaokejet.com! This is a web-based karaoke player, currently in beta testing. Now you can have karaoke wherever you go! There are 10,000+ songs on here.
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Twin Cities, MN1733 Lake Drive WestChanhassen, MN 55317-8581952-361-6670Comments? Questions? Please Contact Us.


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Daytona let fans switch seats
DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. — Fans feeling unsafe after the terrifying crash at Daytona International Speedway a day earlier were able to change seats for NASCAR's biggest race on Sunday.
Workers successfully repaired a section of fence — 54 feet wide and 22 feet high — that was shredded Saturday when Kyle Larson's car went airborne on the final lap of a second-tier race and crashed through the barrier that separates cars from fans. Large pieces of debris, including a tire, sprayed into the upper and lower section of the stands.
The crash the day before the Daytona 500 injured more than 30 people, raising more questions about fan safety at race tracks.
Halifax Health spokesman Byron Cogdell said seven people with crash-related injuries remained hospitalized in Daytona Beach in stable condition. The six people brought to a different Halifax hospital in Port Orange with crash-related injuries had all been discharged, Cogdell said.
A spokeswoman at Florida Memorial Medical Center would not release information on the patients brought to that hospital.
Track President Joie Chitwood, meanwhile, said if any fans are uncomfortable with their up-close seating for the Daytona 500, officials would work to move them.
"If fans are unhappy with their seating location or if they have any incidents, we would relocate them," Chitwood said. "So we'll treat that area like we do every other area of the grandstand. If a fan is not comfortable where they're sitting, we make every accommodation we can."
There were several wrecks during the Daytona 500, though nothing that put fans in danger. Jimmie Johnson won the race for the second time.
Larry Spencer of Nanticoke, Pa., said he wasn't sure if he wants to ever sit that low again after his 15-year-old brother, Derrick, needed three stitches in his cheek after being hit by metal debris flying from Saturday's crash. A day after sitting close to the fence, they returned with tickets dozens of rows farther away from the track.
"I thought it was just neat to see the cars going by that close," Spencer said. "After yesterday, though, I definitely will reconsider sitting lower ever again."
The tire that flew into the stands landed a couple of rows above where they had been standing. After the crash, looking around at the people seriously injured, Spencer said he decided to take his brother to a hospital himself so that speedway crews and paramedics could focus on the people who needed more help.
"The only way to describe it was like a bomb went off, and the car pretty much exploded," Spencer said.
Track workers finished repairs about 2 a.m. Sunday, having installed a new fence post, new metal meshing and part of the concrete wall.
Officials decided not to rebuild the collapsed cross-over gate, which allows fans to travel between the stands and the infield before races.
Daytona has a grandstand remodel planned. Chitwood said the injuries could prompt a redesign that might include sturdier fences or stands further away from the on-track action.
"It's tough to connect the two right now in terms of a potential redevelopment and what occurred," Chitwood said. "We were prepared yesterday, had emergency medical respond. As we learn from this, you bet: If there are things that we can incorporate into the future, whether it's the current property now or any other redevelopment, we will.
"The key is sitting down with NASCAR, finding out the things that happened and how we deal with them."
Daytona reexamined its fencing and ended up replacing the entire thing following Carl Edwards' scary crash at Talladega Superspeedway in Alabama in 2009. Edwards' car sailed into the fence and spewed debris into the stands.
"We've made improvements since then," Chitwood said. "I think that's the key: that we learn from this and figure out what else we need to do."
NASCAR plans to take what remained of Larson's sheared car along with debris back to its research and development center in Charlotte, N.C., for testing.
"We'll bring in the best and brightest," said Steve O'Donnell, NASCAR's senior vice president for racing operations. "Anything we can learn will be put in place. ... Fans are our first priority. Obviously we want everybody to be safe at an event. We've talked to the speedway. We're confident in what's in place at today's event. Certainly still thinking about those affected, but we're confident to move forward for this race."
The 12-car crash began as the front-runners approached the checkered flag. Leader Regan Smith attempted to block Brad Keselowski for the win, triggering a pileup that could have been much worse.
Larson's burning engine wedged through a gaping hole in the fence. Parts and pieces of his car sprayed into the stands, including a tire that cleared the top of the fence and landed midway up the spectator section closest to the track.
The 20-year-old Larson stood in shock a few feet from his car as fans in the stands waved frantically for help. Smoke from the burning engine briefly clouded the area, and emergency vehicles descended on the scene.
Ambulance sirens could be heard wailing behind the grandstands at a time the race winner would typically be doing celebratory burnouts.
"It was freaky. When I looked to my right, the accident happened," Rick Harpster of Orange Park said. "I looked over and I saw a tire fly straight over the fence into the stands, but after that I didn't see anything else. That was the worst thing I have seen, seeing that tire fly into the stands. I knew it was going to be severe."
In 1987, Bobby Allison's car lifted off the track at Talladega while running over 200 mph, careening into the steel-cable fence and scattering debris into the crowd. That crash led to the use of horsepower-sapping restrictor plates at Talladega and its sister track in Daytona, NASCAR's fastest layouts.
As a result, the cars all run nearly the same speed, and the field is typically bunched tightly together — which plenty of drivers have warned is actually a more dangerous scenario than higher speeds.
"That's one of the things that really does scare you," Allison said. "But it's always a possibility because of the speeds, where they are."


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The Oaks Nursery
URN: 127700Address: Hildenborough Primary School, Riding Lane, Hildenborough, Tonbridge, Kent, TN11 9HY
Rating and reports
All reports
RegistrationRegister(s): Early Years Register, Compulsory Childcare Register, Voluntary Childcare Register
Next inspection
We aim to inspect all new childcare providers within 30 months of registration.
Good or outstanding
We will inspect them at least once within a 6-year window from their last report.
Requires improvement
We inspect them within 12 months of the latest inspection.
We inspect them within six months of the latest inspection.
We give notice to childcare services, including nurseries, pre-schools and playgroups, around midday on the working day before the inspection.
We call childminders and nannies no more than five days before the inspection.
We can also inspect without notice.
About The Oaks Nursery
- Type: Childcare on Non-Domestic Premises, Sessional day care
- Local authority: Kent
LocationView location on Google maps
- Address: Hildenborough Primary School, Riding Lane, Hildenborough, Tonbridge, Kent, TN11 9HY
- Region: South East
Contact details and general enquiries
- Telephone: 01732 834401
Registered by The Oaks Nursery Committee
At the same postcode
Not what you're looking for?
Search and compare other Pre-school/day nursery/out-of-school care providers near you.
Get report alerts for The Oaks Nursery
You'll only receive an email alert when we publish a new report.
Read our Contacting or Working with Ofsted: privacy notice to see what we do with your personal information.
You can also set up email alerts for other parts of the website. Find out more about email alerts for Ofsted.


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Haleakala Events, Coupons, Reviews!
Subscribe to the Haleakala KidsScoop! The monthly family event and savings newsletter. Receive coupons for Fun Activities, Summer Camps, Parties, Dining, Shopping, Field Trips, Child Care and more! We NEVER share your information.
This post is sponsored by Vacation Myrtle Beach.
Traveling to the beach in the winter on the Atlantic coast means low temperature ocean water and up-in-the-air weather. Laying on the beach and tanning in the sun may not happen in January. Kids wonder if they can splash in the water or build a sand castle, and the answer is I don't know. We'll see what the weather is like when we get there. In spite of these uncertainties, I enjoyed visiting Myrtle Beach in the winter. There is more room on the beach, less traffic on the road, and better accessibility to attractions. The key to visiting Myrtle Beach in the winter is all about planning.
During our most recent visit, we stayed at the oceanfront Crown Reef Resort and Waterpark. As a family of 6, this resort was a great choice for us. It is difficult to find affordable suite accommodations that will sleep 6 people. The suite that we stayed in would have slept up to 8!
The Crown Reef Resort has plenty of amenities for kids. The waterpark includes three water slides and a splash area, and there is an indoor pool, as well as an outdoor heated pool and lazy river. The resort also has a game room and several options for food and dining.
The Crown Reef Resort and Waterpark is certified by the Champion Autism Network, meaning that the management and staff of the resort has been trained on ways to give families an autism-friendly vacation experience.
Great features of Crown Reef Resort and Waterpark for large families:
See all of the properties available through Vacation Myrtle Beach here.
I can't control the weather, but I can plan for it. About 7 days before our vacation, I research the weather. I do this first before planning any attractions. This allows me to see if the forecast is calling for any unusually warm days. These are always our beach days, and I like to plan around these. After penciling in the beach days, I can move on to planning the rest of our time.
Our typical itinerary includes only one attraction per day. This allows for time to wander around town, play at the resort waterpark, shop, or walk the boardwalk. I do like some structure when we are on vacation, and I like to make sure that we have seen local sites, but packing a schedule too tightly doesn't make anyone happy.
Ripley's Aquarium at Myrtle Beach is a fun place for kids. Located in Broadway at the Beach, Ripley's Aquarium offers several hours of educational entertainment for families. My daughter touched sting rays for the first time, and my son who is mesmerized by jellyfish was able to see an entire exhibit dedicated to his favorite ocean creature.
We caught a few of the shows at Ripley's Aquarium, and the motorized walkway through the tunnel was fabulous!


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Sky's on Fire Wall Fountain- Horizontal
An amazing water feature that calms the soul with its flowing water over the ridges presented in this fountain. The Sky's on Fire Wall Fountain is absolutely stunning and the water running down the front is very relaxing. You will love it. The waterfall...
Sky's on Fire Wall Fountain
Very dramatic and unique this wall fountain will blow you away and draw you in. The Sky's on Fire Wall Fountain is absolutely stunning and the water running down the front is very relaxing. You will love it. The frame and the water fall face...
Copper Fire Wall Fountain
You will be blown away by the beauty of this fountain as you watch and listen to the flowing water. Drop-dead gorgeous, you will love this for sure. Features of the Aquarium Wall Fountain: Dimensions: 36"W X 30"H, so it is sure to make a statement in...
Golden Oak Wall Fountain
This is a big beautiful fountain made of pure copper with a beautiful oak tree hammered in. It has an old world charm that will bring relaxation to your home or business. The Golden Oak Wall Fountain is adorned with lily pads, leaves, and flowers. This...
Canyon Wall Fountain
Twisted, pounded and heated copper forms the waterfall face of the Harvey Gallery Canyon copper wall fountain from Serenity Health & Home Decor. By manipulating sheets of copper, the artist creates one-of-a-kind water fountain art pieces that look...
Oak Leaf Wall Fountain
A second in what will be a series of nature-oriented wall fountain paintings and is rich in iridescent patinas and it is highly detailed. Similar to the Florentine Leaf this is the second in the series of nature oriented wall fountains. The Oak Leaf...
Sculpted Copper Wall Fountain - Zig Zag
A unique, meticulously hand sculpted copper wall fountain, that makes beautiful, soothing waterfall sounds. Beautiful color tinted patinas and a flame finish are applied to the copper to bring it to life and give it added protection against the elements...
Will-O-Wisp - Sculpted Copper Wall Fountain
Water sparkles and glistens over this beautifully colored and intricately designed wall fountain. This gorgeous, unique, wall fountain is meticulously hand sculpted in copper. Beautiful color tinted patinas and a flame finish are applied to the copper to...
Athens Wall Fountain
A stunning, detailed fine art wall sculpture that is also a magnificent waterfalls fountain. Made of cast aluminum and heat fired copper. This is a beautiful unique, hand crafted art wall sculpture that is also a stunning waterfall fountain with soothing...
Meteor Shower Wall Fountain
Two columns make this wall fountain stand out as it provides a waterfall that sounds soothing and calming. The center panel is cast aluminum with a beautiful hand crafted detailed design. It is set into a thick heat fired copper frame. The heat fire...
Our copper wall fountains are beautiful ways to create a soothing focal point for a home, office, restaurant or hotel lobby wall. Our elegant copper wall water fountains from Serenity Health & Home Decor are affordably priced fountains crafted with copper in a clear powder-coat finish. Copper sheeting is finished in a wide array of patinas and textures that make each wall fountain unique.
Today's copper pieces are often heat-finished. Sometimes referred to as copper patina or rustic copper, these finishes are created when artisans deliberately and carefully apply heat that draws variations in the coppery color to the surface. The result is a stylized, dimensional finish that invites conversation. Copper wall fountain backdrops imbued with these qualities are works of art. Backdrops made of slate, marble and granite are stunning when framed in these distinguished copper masterpieces.
Because of their close proximity to water, most copper frames and bowls are powder-coated. This helps to prevent premature aging. Although the patina of aged copper is a beautiful finish, topical coatings help this change occur more slowly and deliberately. If you prefer the original finish, the copper can be re-coated every few years. Copper is extremely malleable. For that reason, squared corners, rounded corners and even curved bowls and are easily achieved by the artist. Copper-framed wall fountains are available in the most diverse styles of any material in the wall fountain category.
Copper art wall fountains are divergent and innovative. Copper lends itself well to cupped leaves, flower petals or fluted bowls. Stamped copper wall fountains and thickly-framed renditions of ancient wall art are beautifully represented using versatile copper. You can choose an exquisite copper waterfall fountain with intricate details for your formal living space or opulent commercial environment.
Copper-framed wall fountains are often good candidates for customized logos. When a logo is placed on stone backdrops, the pattern is sandblasted onto the surface. If desired, color can be added using high-quality automotive paints. On reflective surfaces, logos are etched. Black-filled logos seem to work best on reflective and lighter surfaces. Painted renditions work well on darker surfaces. Either result is stunning. Your custom indoor waterfall fountain will come to life in vibrant copper so that customers and visitors are sure to remember your brand.
Copper has been used in fountains for many years and our wall fountains with copper frames continue to be bestsellers. Whether it is a wall-mounted copper fountain or copper table fountain you need, we have several selections in each style to help you choose that perfect copper wall fountain. Shop our entire selection of copper wall fountains to find the copper water feature that's best for your space. This beautiful metal can be used to make industrial-style fountains or incredibly artistic and beautiful fountains, so there is something for every taste.
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Stainless steel has become such a preferred material in wall fountain design that nearly every wall fountain we offer is available with a stainless steel backdrop or frame. They are available in one to four panels and in horizontal, picture frame, or vertical styling. Stainless steel is especially favored in environments where the motif is modern. Chrome and black furnishings look elegant when accompanied by a stainless steel fountain, whether in offices, dens or foyers. Stainless steel is also a great idea near plants or colorful artwork. Its reflective surface catches all the color in the room and melds it into an elegant backdrop.
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You aren't finding the wall hanging fountain you're looking for? Design a Custom Fountain in any size, or visit our section on commercial fountains. This way, you can create your ideal copper wall fountain or stainless steel water fountain. Our U.S.-based company with headquarters in Northern Wisconsin offers thousands of home decor and relaxation products designed to inspire serenity, rest and the elimination of outside stress. Shop our delightful hammock collection, wellness products, garden fountains and ultra-comfortable patio furniture to transform your outdoor living space into a soothing oasis. Enjoy free shipping on qualifying orders. Our price-match guarantee and easy return policy make shopping stress-free. hammock collection, wellness products, garden fountains and ultra-comfortable patio furniture to transform your outdoor living space into a soothing oasis.
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The Real Estate Listing information for MLS 222039211 comes from the cooperative Broker Reciprocity Program in Florida. The Broker Reciprocity Program Icon is shown for all Broker Reciprocity Program Listings and the Detail Page includes the name of the participating Listing Broker. The real estate at 50 Ft Boat Slip At Gulf Harbour D 11 FORT MYERS FL 33908 may not be the only available Broker Reciprocity Program Listing in the community and Premiere Plus Realty may not be the Listing Brokerage. Information herein deemed reliable but not guaranteed or warranted and should be checked for accuracy prior to engaging in any transaction. This website indicates one source of 'Market Value' and we suggest that you look at several other sources to get the best idea of the Real Estate Market Value before entering into any real estate transaction. If you have questions about the value shown please contact Collier County Property Appraiser.Courtesy: Berkshire Hathaway Florida


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Taigu, our other Teacher here at Treeleaf, posted this week that he was going through some HARD TIMES at home and work, feeling stress and the blues from his job. Taigu recounted a story about the great Tibetan Teacher Chogyam Trungpa who, according to detailed accounts by his wife, suffered from frequent bouts of depression so severe that Trungpa was sometimes pushed to the point of considering suicide. (page 27 to 29 here) Taigu was talking about a little blues in his own case, not anything like Trungpa. Even so, some folks contacted me privately this week expressing surprise, believing that Buddhist Teachers should be beyond the blues and all stresses of life, perpetually in a realm of all encompassing bliss and tranquility. After all, isn't that the point of ENLIGHTENMENT?
Well, what may startle some folks is that Enlightenment does allow one to be totally beyond the blues and all stresses of life, free of loss and longing and sickness and aging and death ... even right in, as and amid days of sadness, times of stress, loss and longing, sickness and aging and death. BOTH VIEWS AND THE VIEWLESS, AT ONCE AS ONE. Oh, one should not be a prisoner of extremes ... falling into anger and violence, excess longing and greed, life halting depression and thoughts of suicide, destructive panic, uncontrolled regret and other harmful extremes of thought and emotions. However, the full range of moderate, healthy emotions ... life's normal ups and downs ... are what life is about and are not to be fled. Heck, any human being can even suffer depression or some other human weakness for a period. At the same time, right in the ups and downs, this Buddhist Way allows us to simultaneously taste a way of being thoroughly transcending up and down ... all at once. Strange as it may sound, one may sing and feel the blues ... and be beyond the blues ... at once.
Perhaps the very concept of "Enlightenment", and the point of this Buddhist enterprise, has evolved over the centuries ... into something far more subtle and powerful than even the early interpretations of long ago. You see, originally, the goal of early Buddhism might actually be best described as total escape from this world which is seen as a realm of suffering. Family, home and ordinary life were to be left behind on a path of cooling and abandoning human emotions and human ties. This life, the possibility of rebirth, was not looked upon as something positive to be lived, but as something to be fled. The goal was halting the endless chain of birth and death and rebirth.
Next, a concept of "Buddhahood" developed in which a Buddha or other Enlightened Master might be beyond all human attachments, sadness, fear, regret, longing, and all the rest even in this life. This is still perhaps the most widely held image of "the point of Buddhist Practice" that most Buddhist folks are to aim for. Old Buddhist Sutras, myths and hagiographic histories, painting exaggerated portraits of our long dead heroes, contribute to the image by stripping such saints and supermen of every human weakness or failing, thus building an idealized legend.
But with the passing centuries, a much more subtle viewless view of "Enlightenment" developed, and this is perhaps the most powerful of all. For in this "Enlightenment", one could live fully this up and down life, with family and household responsibilities and work and all the pains of normal life, the rainy days and sunny ... feeling it all ... yet simultaneously, thoroughly free of it all. Amid sadness, feeling sadness yet simultaneously embodying that Joy that sweeps in both small human happiness and sadness. Knowing birth and death, the travails of aging and passing time ... yet simultaneously free of birth and death and time. Oh sure, one still needed to avoid the extremes and perils of harmful emotions such as excess greed, anger and all the other chains of the runaway mind ... but in so doing, the result is a kind of "Buddha cake and eat it too" view of an enlightened life amid Samsara. Yes, the Buddha DOES TOTALLY ESCAPE from the world and the prison of Samsara ... right here amid the prison of Samara, right at the heart of the sometimes hard and stressful times of human life. There is a Peace, Beauty and Wholeness that holds all the broken pieces, both the beautiful and oh so ugly, the simple pleasures and unavoidable pains, of this complex world.
If you ask me, that is the most powerful view of Enlightenment, allowing Peace and Joy right amid a full, rich and balanced life, freedom from birth and death while born and growing old and someday dying. I would not trade it for any other Enlightenment even if all the Buddhas and Ancestors were to appear before me and point elsewhere. Anyway, in my heart, I do not believe they would.


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The Situation of the Obama Presidency and Race Perceptions
Posted by The Situationist Staff on November 10, 2008
Rick Montgomery and Scott Canon have an interesting piece in the Kansas City Star on how attitudes towards race may change as a result of the first African-American becoming President of the United States. We excerpt the piece below.
* * *
Barack Obama's ascension to the White House raises anew the question of whether color lines, however faded, still exist in America.
They do — just look at housing patterns, church congregations and prison populations. But will the election of a biracial president — with the blessings of much, but not yet a majority, of white America — find the country concluding that it has finally overcome its race thing?
"One reaction might be, see, a black man can reach the top — why can't the others?" said Christian Crandall, a social psychologist at the University of Kansas. "There's no way to avoid that problem," he said. "It's the price of success."
Obama's election may offer evidence to some white Americans that doors of opportunity once barred by racial bias have swung open.
"I wouldn't buy the argument because I tend to measure things more by statistics" on persistent economic disparities between races, said Roderick Harrison, a sociologist at the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, which focuses on black issues. "It underestimates just how exceptional Obama is and the culmination of being the right person at the right time."
* * *
Research has shown that people of all races become more accepting of racial and ethnic minorities in positions of power through experience. Someone who has already worked for a black boss, for instance, or had important Latino clients, is less skeptical of their capabilities.
In that way, Harrison said, Obama's mere presence could have an almost subconscious effect on how Americans view the capabilities of minorities.
For Charles McKinney of Rhodes College in Memphis, Tenn., the thought of "my children growing up seeing a brother as the leader of the free world, that's priceless."
But opportunities for better racial understanding can backfire.
As much as white audiences admired TV's Huxtables of "The Cosby Show," research in the early 1990s revealed many viewers held the family up as a model to which other black families should — but wouldn't — aspire.
"Bill Cosby's white audience didn't want to be reminded of America's racial past," said Sut Jhally, who wrote Enlightened Racism after conducting the studies for the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. "They loved the blackness, but only a certain kind of blackness…
"The unintended message was, 'If you work hard, you can succeed … and if you fail, the fault must be yours,' " said Jhally. "In terms of overall race relations, it was one step forward and two steps back."
* * *
In a national survey, half the country agreed with the statement that "Irish, Italians, Jewish and other minorities overcame prejudice and worked their way up, blacks should do the same without special favors." Almost two in five agreed that blacks would be as well off as whites if they "would only try harder."
A third of whites said that blacks are responsible for most or all of the country's racial tension. And given a set of words to describe blacks, at least one in five whites agreed with "violent," "boastful" and "complaining." One in 10 agreed blacks are "lazy" or "irresponsible."
So while white America can't assume all is forgiven, neither can those who have battled racism expect that the mere presence of a black family in the White House protects black shoppers from the glares of sales clerks or racial profiling by police.
"Obama's victory says we have the ability to transcend race, but we still have a huge opportunity to move ahead and do all that must be done next," said Gwen Grant, president and chief executive officer of the Urban League of Greater Kansas City. "We can't just relax."
* * *
For the rest of the article, click here. For other Situationist articles on President-Elect Obama, click here. For some other related Situationist posts, see "The Cognitive Costs of Interracial Interactions," "Guilt and Racial Prejudice," "Perceptions of Racial Divide," and "Banaji & Greenwald on Edge – Part IV."
2 Responses to "The Situation of the Obama Presidency and Race Perceptions"
November 10, 2008 at 2:05 am
i'm so tired of the race issue. really.
November 13, 2008 at 2:36 pm
WE did a press release thru the National Press Club's 180 news offices and US Newswire DC Circuit a few months back talking about how our survey: The Racial Attitude Survey could be used for testing online on http://www.racialattitudesurvey.com . I did the original research at University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research Library when I was in grad school in 1968. It required an ORganization Psychology Ph.D student on the West Coast to use it for her thesis, to make RAS comply with the Am Psych Assoc test standards.
You can find the press release on the search engines under my name THomas J. Rundquist, Administrative Director of Nova Counseling Associates Inc.,a nova media unit


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The Seljuks of Rum
The Seljuks' successful military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire had paved the way for Turkish settlements in Anatolia. A dynasty with close family and political ties to the Seljuks, the Seljuks of Rum, soon became the new, dominant power in the region. "Rum" was the designation used in Arab history for the Byzantine Empire because of its links to the Roman Empire. In the beginning, the Seljuks of Rum ruled from Iznik, but they were soon pushed back eastward by the Byzantines, after which they made Konya their capital. For a century, the Seljuks of Rum were under constant pressure from the Byzantine Empire, various Crusader armies, and competing Turkic dynasties in Anatolia, such as the Artuqids and Danishmendids, which they managed to conquer in 1177. Pressure from Christian powers diminished from 1204, when a Crusader army conquered and plundered Constantinople and left the Byzantine Empire on the verge of collapse.
A commercial and cultural golden age began that coincided more or less with the rule of the sultan Ala al-Din Kayqubad (1220-1237). The territory of the Seljuks of Rum expanded toward the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, where the harbor city of Alanya was founded along with a shipyard to promote trade with e.g. the Italian Maritime Republics. The road system was expanded in Anatolia and furnished with a dense network of caravanserais or khans, a combination of inn and warehouse. At the khans, caravans and traveling merchants were able to spend the night in safety with their goods, including slaves from the Russian steppes. Princely palaces were built in various locales for the sultan on his travels, as were numerous madrasas (Koran schools).
With the Mongol victory in 1243 at the battle of Köse Dagh, east of Sivas, the independence of the Seljuks of Rum was at an end and they became vassals. From 1308, after the death of their last sultan, their territory was incorporated into the Il-Khanid Empire.
Anatolia did not come under Islamic hegemony until the advent of the Seljuks of Rum, and elements from Byzantine, Armenian, and Georgian culture and art lived on – like the peoples themselves – under the new rulers. This is reflected in stone buildings that often have a figurative, sculptural decoration found nowhere else in the Islamic art of the period. Traces of the past of the Seljuks of Rum as Turkic Central Asiatic nomads also appear now and then, both in motifs and in special art forms such as knotted carpets. In ceramics and metalwork, in contrast, links to traditional Islamic art are obvious. The same is true of their woodwork, which is distinctive for its high technical quality.


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At UPS, we love logistics.
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From global giants to local mom and pop businesses, we improve distribution networks and manage supply chains to help our customers to do what they do best. That's how we make the world work better. And that's how we build better careers and reward people like you for doing what they love to do most.
Wouldn't it be great to earn $ 25,000 for your college education?
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Earn $5,250 in assistance per calendar year with a lifetime maximum of $25,000
Part–time management employee benefits are increased to $5,250 per calendar year with a lifetime maximum of $25,000
Eligibility begins the day you're hired and benefits are prorated accordingly in case you're hired mid–semester
Did you know that most UPSers start their careers at UPS as part–time employees? That's right. The company's strong commitment to promoting from within means we're constantly training today's part–time employees to become tomorrow's executives.
In 2014, we provided $16 million in tuition support to approximately 14,000 students. Since the program began in 1999, we have invested over $200 million in tuition assistance for approximately 120,000 college students.
UPS also invests about $565 million a year on training programs to help employees further their careers within the company.
Logistics has always been about finding solutions that make the world work better.
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It all started in 1907 with a pioneering 19-year-old, who saw a unique set of business needs and expanded on a vision that has become a multi-billion-dollar corporation. Since then, our business growth has taken us from bike-messenger services and retail store deliveries to global freight and web-based tracking to innovative financial and mail services. At the heart of it all, you'll find dedication to our people, our customers and the communities we serve. Come join us!"