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BIONET.MOLBIO.GENE-LINKAGE FAQ FAQ administrative information * Where can I obtain and/or access the bionet.molbio.gene-linkage FAQ? [3/95] * Who created the bionet.molbio.gene-linkage FAQ? [3/95] * How can I help improve this FAQ? [3/95] * Contributors to this FAQ. [3/95] * When was the FAQ last updated? [4/95] Information Resources * What anonymous FTP sites have programs/utilities useful for linkage analysis? [3/95] * What books are helpful when learning about linkage analysis? [3/95] * What WWW sites have useful linkage information? [3/95] * What gopher sites have useful linkage information? [3/95] * What "linkage centers" make information and assistance available to researchers? [3/95] * What journals are useful for linkage analysis? [3/95] * What courses are offered in linkage analysis? [3/95] Gene- linkage software overview * What database management programs do people use for linkage data? [3/95] * What programs are available for pedigree drawing? [4/95] * What linkage analysis helper programs are available? [4/95] * Why are some programs used primarily for chromosome mapping, while others are used for disease mapping? [3/95] * What programs are used for chromosome mapping? [4/95] * What programs are used for disease gene mapping? [4/95] * What programs are available for running genetic simulations? [3/95] * What programs are available to help detect errors in linkage data? [3/95] * What programs help me recode genetic markers? [3/95] Linkage package specific information * How do I get my CEPH data into CRI-MAP format? [3/95] * How do you calculate MAXHAP? [3/95] * When should you use binary coding instead of numeric allele coding? [3/95] * What do you do when allele frequencies do not add up to 1; for example, when alleles are not present in a pedigree under study? [3/95] * I use LINKAGE and/or FASTLINK. Which references should I include in my papers? [3/95] * What is recoding of alleles all about anyway? [3/95] Computer administration and optimization * How can I increase the speed of the LINKAGE/FASTLINK package on my workstation? [3/95] FAQ ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION * Where can I obtain the bionet.gene-linkage FAQ? [3/95] It is available by anonymous FTP from lenti.med.umn.edu in /pub/linkage. The best way to view the FAQ is via the WWW, from http://lenti.med.umn.edu/linkage/linkage.html. The FAQ is also available via gopher at lenti.med.umn.edu in /Biologically Related Information/Linkage Analysis. The FAQ will also be posted in the USENET groups bionet.molbio.gene-linkage and news.answers the 1st and 15th of each month. * Who created the bionet.molbio.gene-linkage FAQ? [3/95] Darrell Root (rootd at ohsu.edu) originally started the bionet.molbio.gene-linkage FAQ in May of 1994 in an attempt to share information and experiences that may be of use to other people involved in linkage analysis. I am Dean Flanders (dean at lenti.med.umn.edu), the current maintainer of the FAQ, and began my tenure in December of 1994. The FAQ will never serve as a short course in linkage analysis, but instead it will ideally be a place to help beginners get started in the area and to help experts not make the same mistakes as others. All of the information in this FAQ by no means comes completely from Darrell or me, but from a large number of people that work in the area of linkage analysis. Their names are listed at the end of this section of the FAQ. * How can I help improve this FAQ? [3/95] Feel free to send any information that you think would be beneficial for other people who are just beginning in linkage or have been doing linkage for years to linkage at lenti.med.umn.edu. Also, if there is information you would like to see or errors in this FAQ please let us know by sending email to linkage at lenti.med.umn.edu. If you would like to see something changed or added to the FAQ please to send it in a format that can be quickly incorporated into the FAQ, such as correcting the errors in the section of the FAQ and emailing it back to the FAQ maintainer. * Contributors to this FAQ. [4/95] David Adler, John Attwood, Michael Boehnke, Marcia Brott, Don Bowden, Michael Braverman, Young B Choi, Dave Curtis, Peter Doris, Bennett Dyke, David Featherstone, Dean Flanders, Rob Harper, Pierre Janssens, David Kikuchi, Tim Little, Tara Matise, Eli Meir, Mike Miller, Jurg Ott, Darrell Root, Robert Stodola, Dan Weeks, Ellen Wijsman, Scott Wildenberg, Matthias Wjst, and Kim Worley. * When was the FAQ last updated? [4/95] The last update of the FAQ was on April 15, 1995. All sections should indicate what month and year they were last updated. INFORMATION RESOURCES * What anonymous-FTP sites have programs/utilities useful for linkage analysis? [3/95] At present there is no one site that serves as a repository for all linkage software. So the best way of finding FTP site information is to read the software package information below, which should provide all of the necessary FTP information. * What books are helpful when learning about linkage analysis? [3/95] Bishop, M. J. Guide to Human Genome Computing. Academic Press, 1994. Davies, K. E. "Human Genetic Diseases - A Practical Approach." IRL Press, Oxford England and Washington, D.C., 1986. Dracopoli, N. C., Haines, J. L., Korf, B. R., Moir, D.T., Morton, C. C., Seidman, C. E., Seidman, J. G., Smith, D. R. Current Protocols in Human Genetics. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., USA, 1994. Khoury, M. J., Beaty, T. H., and Cohen, B. H. Fundamentals of Genetic Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 1993. Ott, J. Analysis of Human Genetic Linkage. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991. Terwilliger, J. D. and Ott, J. Handbook of Human Genetic Linkage, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. Thompson, E. A. Pedigree Analysis in Human Genetics. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1986. * What WWW sites have useful linkage information? [3/95] This is in no way an attempt to list the explosion of WWW sites of biological interest on the Internet, but it is a listing of some of the major ones and ones of particular interest in linkage analysis. http://www- bprc.mps.ohio-state.edu/cgi-bin/hpp?genetics.html, is a very comprehensive listing of resources available on the Internet in the area of genetics. In particular there are links to many of the genome centers on the Internet. http://lenti.med.umn.edu/linkage/linkage.html, which is serving as linkage analysis home page, will have links to all of the WWW sites listed as well as gopher servers and a hypertext version of the FAQ. http://www.genethon.fr, the Genethon Center, Genethons home page. http://www.chlc.org, the Cooperative Human Linkage Center, CHLCs home page. http://gdbwww.gdb.org has a version of GDB available and access to OMIM. http://www.pathology.washington.edu has human and mouse standard idiograms. The idiograms are useful for making illustrations for gene mapping and for constructing abnormal chromosomes. The PostScript idiograms can be manipulated band by band with illustration software such as Adobe Illustrator, Aldus FreeHand, Canvas, and Altsys Virtuoso. [3/95] http://diamond.gene.ucl.ac.uk gives access to John Attwoods software on his FTP server as well as local items and the chromosome 9 home page. Also, it has the latest versions of Dave Curtis software. * What gopher sites have useful linkage information? [3/95] There is one that will be maintained with links to other gophers of interest in linkage analysis, as well as links to other gopher servers of biologically related information. It is at lenti.med.umn.edu , and the path to it is Biologically Related Information/Genetic Linkage Analysis. * What "linkage centers" make information and assistance available to researchers? [3/95] One such center is the Cooperative Human Linkage Center (CHLC). The goal of this center is to generate a high resolution map of the human genome and rapidly distribute this information to the genome community. They are in the process of identifying more human markers and developing high resolution framework maps. One can obtain information about CHLC from via gopher from gopher.chlc.org , http://www.chlc.org , ftp://ftp.chlc.org , info-server at chlc.org, or help at chclc.org. Among other things, CHLC provides primer selection and linkage analysis via email. Information on those services can be found by sending email to: primer- server at chlc.org and linkage-server at chlc.org. David Featherston (davidf at caos.kun.nl) from the Dutch EMBnet Node is starting a linkage analysis service: software availability, support/advice initially, possibly training, and perhaps consultancy. At present they have MapMaker/EXP 3.0b, MapMaker/QTL 1.1, Lathrop and Lalouel's LINKAGE package, and Schaffers FASTLINK package. This means that if users have Genomics Package accounts at the CAOS/CAMM Center, they can use these programs on their fast computers to analyze their data sets. Please contact David Featherston if you are interested in more information about such an account. * What journals are useful for linkage analysis? [3/95] American Journal of Human Genetics, Computer Applications in Biosciences (CABIOS), Genomics, Genetic Epidemiology, Human Genome News (available by gopher from gopher.gdb.org), Human Genome Project Journal, Human Heredity, Journal of Computational Biology, Nature Genetics. * What courses are offered on linkage analysis? [3/95] There are three primary courses offered throughout the year on human linkage analysis. One is a four day course offered once a year at Duke University. This intensive course centers on mapping human genetic diseases. The concentration is on the entire disease mapping process, including clinical classification, pedigree collection, molecular genetic analysis, statistical analysis, and gene characterization. The course emphasizes the global decision-making process, rather than details of specific techniques. For more information write to Genetic Methods Course; c/o Dr. Margaret Pericak-Vance; Division of Neurology, Box 2900; Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710, or you can send e-mail to genclass at genemap.mc.duke.edu. The remaining two courses are both offered by Jurg Ott on the software used for human linkage. One is a beginners course, and the other an advanced course for those familiar with the linkage analysis software. These courses are offered several times throughout the year and you can get more information by contacting Katherine Montague/Jurg Ott; Columbia University, Unit 58; 722 West 168th Street; New York, NY 10032. In addition you can fax to (212)568-2750 or call (212)960 2507 or email jurg.ott at columbia.edu for more information. GENE- LINKAGE SOFTWARE OVERVIEW * What database management programs do people use for linkage data? [3/95] One must be aware that some pedigree drawing software can also serve as databases for data as well as drawing pedigrees, see the next question in the FAQ for a description of those packages. CEPH DBMS: The CEPH DataBase Management System is specifically designed for chromosome mapping with CEPH style pedigrees. It can output data in ped.out format for the LINKAGE package. This program can now be picked up via anonymous FTP from ftp.cephb.fr in pub/ceph_genotype_db. DOLINK: This DOS custom database program by D. Curtis manages genetic data and sets up input files for linkage analysis. It is available from ftp.bchs.uh.edu. The DOS and Windows versions of DOLINK program help manage genetic data and setup analysis. It is available with the C++ source allowing compilation on Unix host running X and possibly a Macintosh. File Express: This is a DOS shareware database which can be used to hold data for DOLINK (largely superseded by QDB). It is available as fe51-a/b/c.zip via FTP from ftp.gene.ucl.ac.uk in /pub/packages/dcurtis. LABMAN and LINKMAN: These are linkage analysis databases for holding linkage data and exporting it in various formats for linkage analysis. They are available via anonymous FTP from lenti.med.umn.edu in /pub/linkage/labman. These databases were developed by P. Adams of Columbia University. LYNKSYS: This custom-made database program was written by J. Attwood and S. Bryant. Although they continue to use it, J. Attwood suggests using DOLINK instead. LINKSYS is not currently available at any FTP sites. Map Manager: It is a program for the Macintosh which helps analyze the results of genetic mapping experiments using backcrosses, intercrosses, or recombinant inbred strains. In addition it also has tools for statistical analysis of experiments. The program was created by K. F. Manly at the Roswell Cancer Institute and is available via FTP from mcbio.med.buffalo.edu in /pub/MapMgr. QDB: This is a database program available as DOS and Windows versions and with C++ source allowing compilation for X and possibly Macintosh. It is available as qdb16a.zip via FTP from ftp.gene.ucl.ac.uk in /pub/packages/dcurtis. * What programs are available for pedigree drawing? [4/95] One of the tricks of managing individuals in a mapping study is trying to get the database you are using to export your family data in a format acceptable for input into pedigree drawing programs. The marriage between these two can be of great assistance. However, some pedigree drawing programs have databases as a part of the package. CYRILLIC: This is a pedigree editor for Windows with facilities for including marker data which you can then have it output the input files for LINKAGE. It is Windows-based, so input of the pedigree is very efficient. You also have a data form associated with each individual where you can store names and other pertinent data. It also has the ability to interface with most standard PC databases. This program is not public domain and is available from Cherwell Scientific Publishing. If you would like more information send email to csp at sable.ox.ac.uk and they would be very happy to send you a demo of the program. Version 2 of Cyrillic should be coming out late summer of 1995. FTREE: This is a DOS pedigree program written by R. Go at the University of Alabama. GENETREE: GeneTree 1.0 is a DOS package which provides a convenient way to draw family tree diagrams suitable for genetics or genealogy. The package consists of the GeneTree program, which draws pedigree diagrams using a command language; and SC, using a menu driven program that facilitates creation of GeneTree commands. GeneTree and SC are made available with program manuals, examples of family tree diagrams, and a GeneTree Quick Reference Guide. GeneTree is written in C. Note that it is a DRAWING program and does not compute genetic parameters. The GeneTree program is available from wijsman at max.u.washington.edu at a price of $125 (because of licensing fees from a private company which wrote one of the drivers used in the program). KINDRED: This new DOS database program, distributed by Epicenter Software, is specifically designed for linkage analysis. A free demo is available by calling (818)-304-9487. In addition to database duties, this program will draw pedigrees, haplotype marker data, and can output data in LINKAGE format. PEDPAK: This package is designed to handle large datasets for animals. The package was written and distributed by Alan Thomas, who is in Bath, England. The software is not public domain and must be purchased. PEDDRAW: It is a Macintosh based program, written by B. Dyke, P. Mamelka, and J. MacCleur. It is available from bdyke at darwin.sfbr.org or Pedigree/Draw; Department of Genetics; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research; PO. Box 28147; San Antonio, TX 78228-0147. An upgrade from a previous version is $10, the current version is 4.4. Documentation costs $10 printed and the full package including documentation costs $45. There is a script which converts linkage format to PEDDRAW available via anonymous FTP at ftp.ee.pdx.edu in /pub/users/cat/rootd/convert.new. PEDRAW: This program is a pedigree drawing program written by D. Curtis for DOS and available via FTP from ftp.gene.ucl.ac.uk in /pub/packages/dcurtis. The most current version is called pedraw16.zip. A companion program to PEDRAW is PEDHELP, it is a pop-up help for PEDRAW. PAP: The Pedigree Analysis Package (PAP) is a set of FORTRAN 77 programs for computing likelihoods and simulating phenotypes of genetic models on pedigrees. It is available via gopher from corona.med.utah.edu in Publicly Accessible Software, probes(sts), etc./software/pap. * What linkage analysis helper programs are available? [4/95] CEPH2CRI: This program converts to output from the CEPH DBMS into the format useable in CRI- MAP. It can be found at ftp.gene.ucl.ac.uk in /pub/packages/linkage_utils. CLUMP: A Monte Carlo method for assessing significance of a case-control association study with a multi-allelic marker, available as DOS executable and C source. It is available as clump.zip via anonymous FTP from ftp.gene.ucl.ac.uk in /pub/packages/dcurtis. EASISTAT: This is a DOS statistics package, it contains EASIGRAF which draws graphs of lod scores and output from FASTMAP. It is available as estat21.zip via anonymous FTP from ftp.gene.ucl.ac.uk in /pub/packages/dcurtis. ERPA: A program for carrying out nonparametric linkage analysis, available as DOS executable and C source. It is called erpa12.zip via anonymous FTP at ftp.gene.ucl.ac.uk in /pub/packages/dcurtis. FIRSTORD: A demonstration of a method for preliminary ordering of loci based on two-point lod scores. It is available as DOS executable and C source called first11.zip from ftp.gene.ucl.ac.uk in /pub/packages/dcurtis. LINKMED: A program for converting LINKAGE-format files to MENDEL-format files. It is available by anonymous FTP from watson.hgen.pitt.edu as linkmend.tar.Z. MAP: A program to convert LINKMAP output into a table of multipoint lod scores. It is available by anonymous FTP from watson.hgen.pitt.edu as map.tar.Z. PEDREP: A program for converting a MENDEL-format pedigree file ('pedm.dat') to a Pedigree/Draw file for graphical display on a Macintosh. It is available by anonymous FTP from watson.hgen.pitt.edu as pedprep.tar.Z. RECODE: A program for recoding character or sized-allele data into numbered-allele data. It is available by anonymous FTP from watson.hgen.pitt.edu as recode.tar.Z. * Why are some programs used primarily for human chromosome mapping, while others are used for human disease mapping? [3/95] Any family can be used for chromosome mapping, so CEPH has picked a particular family "shape" and generated a large database with these families. Programs designed for chromosome mapping can be optimized for using these families, reducing the time needed for calculations. Only families afflicted with a disease can be used for disease gene mapping. As a result, programs designed for disease gene mapping need to be able to deal with arbitrary pedigrees. In addition, these programs need to be able to handle incomplete penetrance. * What programs are used for chromosome mapping? [4/95] CLINKAGE: This is the special version of the LINKAGE programs for 3-generation CEPH pedigrees and codominant markers. The PC and VAX versions are available by FTP from york.ccc.columbia.edu. The Unix version is available from corona.med.utah.edu. CHROMLOOK: It takes input files in the LIPED format. It was written by J. Haines. CINTMAX: This program is an extensively modified version of CILINK. It uses map functions to model the transmission of gametes from parent to child. Some of these map functions are multilocus feasible, and so can be used with more than 3 loci at a time. It is available by anonymous FTP from watson.hgen.pitt.edu as cintmax.tar.Z. CRI-MAP: This program has been used for chromosome mapping for years. It has options which can generate maps, calculate order probabilities, and printout recombination data. It works on .gen files with data from CEPH style families. It is written in K&R type C code, and the author Phil Green has successfully ran it on Unix, DOS, VMS, and Macintosh systems. It is not available via anonymous FTP. Phil Green distributes CRI-MAP freely ONLY to academics/academic institutions. Contact him at: Phil Green, Dept. of Genetics; Box 8232; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110; USA; Phone (314) 362-5192; Fax (314) 362-4137; or email phg at u.washington.edu. FASTMAP: This program produces quick approximation to multipoint lod score, available as a DOS executable and C source as fstmap11.zip from ftp.gene.ucl.ac.uk in /pub/packages/dcurtis. MULTIMAP: This LISP based expert system uses an customized version of CRI-MAP to create a chromosome map. It is available via anonymous FTP from genome1.hgen.pitt.edu. The authors T. Matise, M. Perlin, and A. Chakravarti continue to improve the code, add new functions, and provide excellent support. When used with the CRI-MAP chrompic option (to find double-recombinations to identify possible errors), it is incredibly useful. This is Unix-only (supported for DEC-Ultrix, HP9000, and Suns). The customized CRI-MAP version (called LISPCRI) is distributed at the FTP site, but was not meant to be used independently of MULTIMAP. MAPMAKER: Dr. Eric Lander; Whitehead Institute; 9 Cambridge Center; Cambridge, MA 02142; mapm%mitwibr at mitvma.mit.edu. * What programs are used for disease gene mapping? [4/95] APM: The Affected Pedigree Member Method distribution contains the new APM programs, a new file conversion utility, and a histogram/statistics generator. To build the entire distribution, you need C, Pascal, and FORTRAN compilers, and a make utility is also helpful. The programs which are built include: APM, a program to calculate the single locus statistic over one or several marker loci; SIM, a program to simulate pedigrees and, using output files of APM, test for asymptotic normality of the null distribution; APMMULT, a program to generate the multilocus statistic; SIMMULT, a program like SIM but which simulates recombination and uses the output of APMMULT; CHAPM, a program to convert LINKAGE files to APM files, or APM files of one format to APM files of another format; and HIST, a program to compute various statistical figures, plot a histogram, and compute empirical p-values. The APMember package by D. Weeks is available via anonymous FTP from watson.hgen.pitt.edu. Additionally, there are pre-compiled executables of the APM programs for Sun-OS and Sun-Solaris available as newapm.sunos.tar.Z newapm.solaris.tar.Z. ESPA: This is a program used for extended sib pair analysis. It comes in a DOS version and can only look at markers containing 5 alleles. It was written by Lodeijk Sandkuijl and can be obtained by writing to him at Voorstraat 27; Delft 2611 JK; THE NETHERLANDS. FASTLINK: This is a port of the LINKAGE package to C by A. Schaffer, R. Cottingham, and R. Idury. The initial port increased the speed by an order of magnitude and they continue to optimize the algorithm and code, resulting in continued speed improvements. In addition, FASTLINK allows you to compile in "fast" or "slow" mode (the slow version of FASTLINK is still much faster than the old linkage programs). The "fast" version uses lots of memory, but uses that memory to contain some of the intermediate results which are repetitively recalculated in the "slow" version (and the old linkage package). Good results can be obtained by setting up 300 megs of virtual memory on a Unix workstation and using the fast version. GAS: It provides facilities for reading, writing, sectioning and performing statistical analyses on phenotypic and genotypic data and one of its features is sib pair analysis. It has been developed within the Department of Medicine at Oxford University and is available via FTP from well.ox.ac.uk in the directory pub/genetics/gas. GREGOR: It is a piece of DOS based software for producing simulated genetic data. It does not perform linkage analysis, but it may be useful for testing methods or assumptions about linkage analysis. GREGOR is operated by a series of hierarchical menus that permit the user to define hypothetical genetic scenarios (gene positions and effects) and produce simulated data-sets for a variety of population structures. GREGOR is available by FTP from the site sifon.cc.mcgill.ca in pub/McGill-Contrib. Questions should be directed to the authors tinker at agradm.lan.mcgill.ca or mather at agradm.lan.mcgill.ca. LINKAGE: This package of programs was developed by M. Lathrop with help from J. M. Lalouel, C. Jlier, and J. Ott. The LINKAGE package consists of several analysis and several utility programs. Versions are available for DOS, OS2, VAX, and Unix platforms. Here are some of the analysis programs: MLINK: 2-point lod-score calculations at fixed recombination distances; LINKMAP: multipoint lod score calculations at fixed distances; ILINK: calculates the recombination distance with the highest lod-score. Unix versions are available from corona.med.utah.edu, DOS and VMS versions are available from york.ccc.columbia.edu, or on floppy disks, when you write to: Katherine Montague/Jurg Ott; Columbia University, Unit 58; 722 West 168th Street; New York, NY 10032. Send pre-formatted DOS disks if you request linkage by mail. You can send email to jurg.ott at columbia.edu if you need more information regarding mail requests for the LINKAGE package. LIPED: This DOS program written by J. Ott calculates probabilities for linkage between disease markers and genetic markers. Its input file differentiates between phenotypes and genotypes. As a result, this program is easiest to use when your data is from "old-style" genetic-markers (such as blood phenotype data). This was one of the first programs to do linkage analysis calculations, the LINKAGE package is more commonly used now. SAGE: Statistical Analysis Package for Genetic Epidemiology is composed of 18 programs: AGEON: Estimating the Distribution of Age-of-Onset, ASSOC: marker-trait Associations in Pedigree Data, BCROSS: Genetic Hypothesis for Quantitative Data on Inbred strains, their F1 and Backcross(es), CLUSTR: Power Transformation to Obtain Normality and Homoscedasticity from Clustered Data, FCOR: Family Correlations, FSP: Family Structure Program, LODLINK: Lod Score Linkage Analysis, MAPLOC: Mapping a Disease Related Trait Relative to a Set of Linked markers, MAXFUN: Function maximization Subroutine, REGC,REGD,REGTL,REGTN: Segregation Analysis Programs, RELATE: Relationship to Proband, SIBPAL: Sib-Pair Linkage Analysis, and DBSORT, RENUM, SPLIT: Toolkit Programs. Author Dr. R.C. Elston, address Department of Biometry and Genetics; Louisiana State University Medical Center; 1901 Perdido Street; New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA. The email contact address is sage at haldne.biogen.lsumc.edu. It is available for the following operating systems: VAX, SunOS 4.1.x, Apple Macintosh II, and DOS. This program is not shareware and must be bought. X-LINKED APM: X-linked version of the APM programs (single-marker), see APM above for more information on APM. It is available by anonymous FTP from watson.hgen.pitt.edu as xlinkapm.tar.Z. Also, xlinkapm.readm is available there, which is a readme about the X-linked version of the APM programs. * What programs are available for running linkage simulations? [3/95] FASTSLINK: This is program is just like SLINK (see SLINK below), but it utilizes the enhancements incorporated into FASTLINK. It is available via anonymous FTP from watson.hgen.pitt.edu. SIMAPM: Is the SLINK based simulation program for the APM package. This represents a hacked together package which only runs under a Unix system. You will need FORTRAN, Pascal, and C compilers to use this package. It is available via anonymous FTP from watson.hgen.pitt.edu SIMLINK: This FORTRAN program developed by L. Ploughman and M. Boehnke simulates linkage analysis on a family, and gives you an estimate the probability, or power, of detecting linkage in a given family. It allows the researcher to determine whether a family has sufficient informativeness to detect linkage. SIMLINK requires large quantities of memory. It was written for DOS, but has been ported to many platforms. It is available from: Michael Boehnke; Department of Biostatistics; School of Public Health; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029. No postage-money or blank disks are necessary to get SIMLINK sent to you. SIMLINK may be available via anonymous FTP soon. For further information send email to michael.boehnke at um.cc.umich.edu. SLINK: It is a Pascal program developed by D. Weeks, M. Lathrop, and J. Ott. It is similar to SIMLINK. It is more general than SIMLINK in that it allows for partial marker typing at the locus to be generated, but it runs slower than SIMLINK. It is available from york.ccc.columbia.edu and watson.hgen.pitt.edu or on floppies (use the same address as for LINKAGE). * What programs are available to help detect errors in linkage data? [3/95] Typically the linkage packages in and of themselves will detect errors in linkage data that are obvious, such as impossible phenotypes and genotypes, and obvious errors in pedigrees. Typically the programs will just grind to halt and allow you to fix the error, and try again until you finally succeed. However, errors that make sense to linkage programs will not be detected. * What programs help me recode genetic markers? [3/95] DOLINK can downcode alleles automatically. However, the main use of DOLINK is to prepare files for LINKAGE from a database. In addition P. Adams package LABMAN and LINKMANE have features for the recoding of alleles. LINKAGE PACKAGE SPECIFIC INFORMATION * How do I get my CEPH data into CRI-MAP format? [3/95] You can output the file in linkage format and use link2gen in CRI-MAP. The disadvantage here is that your marker names are separated from your data and its easy to make a mistake and get them mixed up. You can output the file in ped.out format and use CEPH2CRI mentioned above in the FAQ to do the conversion as well. * How do you calculate MAXHAP? [3/95] MAXHAP is the maximum possible number of haplotypes in your analysis. You multiply together the number of alleles at each locus used in a particular run; not all loci in your dataset, just the loci you are using in that particular calculation. Remember that the affection status counts as two alleles, regardless of the number of liability classes. For example, if a dataset has the following information: the liability classes, marker A has 3 alleles, marker B has 4 alleles, and marker C has 5 alleles and your run includes a LINKMAP run between affection status, marker A, and marker B, then your MAXHAP must be at least 2*3*4=24. * When should you use binary coding instead of numeric allele coding? [3/95] Usually there is no advantage to coding disease loci as either binary or numeric using liability classes. Generally, binary coding is more complex in that we humans often have a hard time thinking that way. Some of the codominant phenotypes lend themselves to binary coding; for example, ABO blood types: A (101), B (011), O (001), AB (111), and unknown (000). Since you cannot distinguish AO from AA at the phenotype level you code both genotypes as (101), presence of A and O. In reality O represents absence of both A and B. However, do not code using (000), since it would be an unknown. Use of binary codes has decreased since DNA markers have come into use since they allow one to type an individual with respect to genotype. You can use binary codes if you have phenotypic data which does not allow for the discrimination of the underlying genotype exactly, and one can code it as the presence with 1 or absence with 0 of factors such as the A and B antigens. Binary codes allow the representing loci with codominant and dominant mode of inheritance, while allele number notation is good only for codominant loci. Few people use binary factor notation. They either use allele numbers for codominant loci, or affection status notation for dominant loci. The main reason why binary factor notation is still currently used is that CEPHs database is in that notation. * What do you do when allele frequencies not add up to 1, for example, when alleles are not present in a pedigree under study? [3/95] The best approach is to specify n+1 alleles, where there are n alleles actually observed in the pedigree. Use the correct allele frequencies for the n alleles, and for the n+1 allele, use 1 minus the sum of the frequencies of the observed alleles. * I use LINKAGE and/or FASTLINK, what references should I cite in my papers? [3/95] FASTLINK users should cite: Cottingham, R. W. Jr., Idury, R. M., and Schaffer, A. A. Faster Sequential Linkage Computations. American Journal of Human Genetics. 53:252-263, 1993. Schaffer, A. A. , Gupta, S. K., Shriram, K., and Cottingham, R. W. Jr. Avoiding Recomputation in Linkage Analysis. Human Heredity. 44(4):225-37, 1994 Jul-Aug. In addition, all FASTLINK and LINKAGE users should also cite the LINKAGE papers: Lathrop, G.M., Lalouel, J.M., Julier, C. , and Ott, J. Strategies for Multilocus Analysis in Humans. PNAS. 81:3443-3446, 1984. Lathrop, G.M. and Lalouel, J.M., Easy Calculations of LOD Scores and Genetic Risks on Small Computers. American Journal of Human Genetics. 36:460-465, 1984. Lathrop, G.M., Lalouel, J.M., and R. L. White. Construction of Human Linkage Maps: Likelihood Calculations for Multilocus Analysis. Genetic Epidemiology. 3:39-52, 1986. * What is recoding of alleles all about anyway? [3/95] One of the problems with highly polymorphic markers is that they can increase the computational requirements of the computers by several orders of magnitude due to the large number of alleles present. This can put the computation of some lod scores out of reach for DOS computers and take many days on higher end systems. So it is important to use methods that reduce the number of alleles, and recoding will reduce the number of alleles in your calculations. The method of recoding of alleles described by J. Ott in the Annals of Human Genetics, 42:255-257 (1978) works very well, but can only be done when the mode of inheritance of the disease is known. An article inspired by Otts original work written M. Braverman in Computers and Biomedical Research, 18:24-36 (1985) extends the recoding of alleles in two ways: 1) it allows for pedigrees of arbitrary structure, and 2) it allows for missing/partially known marker phenotypes. It is usually possible to recode marker alleles to some extent even if the mode of inheritance of the disease is not known since what is still desired with respect to the marker is a labeling which preserves the available information about the source of each marker allele. It is important, however, where the full ancestry of alleles cannot be traced in a pedigree, that the recoded alleles maintain the allele frequencies appropriate to the original alleles. In a complex disorder, this may not be possible. Another method is if the marker in question has 14 alleles in the general population, but only 9 alleles in the study population, it is possible to collapse the functional number of alleles to 9 or 10. Usually, adjust the allele frequencies to sum to 1 by dividing each allele frequency by the sum of the (observed) allele frequencies. For the latter all the allele frequencies remain the same, but the unobserved ones are collapsed into a single allele (and frequency). If there are 9 observed alleles (but there are 14 in the population), then rescaling the frequencies of the observed 9 alleles will also not produce quite correct results. Consider the unlikely example of a huge pedigree with only the most recent generation observed in which the observed 9 alleles all have very low and equal frequency. If there are distantly separated relatives who are affected there is some reasonable support for linkage since the alleles are rare. But if we rescale frequencies to 1/9 per alleles, then sharing of alleles isn't so unlikely. Coding the marker with 10 alleles produces correct results as it will produce the same lod scores as would coding the marker with 14 alleles. COMPUTER ADMINISTRATION AND OPTIMIZATION * How can I increase the speed of the LINKAGE/FASTLINK package on my workstation? [3/95] 1. Use FASTLINK, which is the C version of the LINKAGE package with a few algorithmic improvements. It can increase the speed of your calculations by an order of magnitude. 2. Setting up lots of paging space, which uses the hard drive as virtual memory (300 megs is usually plenty). Note that paging space is the same as swap space. Then use the "fast" versions of FASTLINK. 3. Use GCC, which is the GNU/Free Software Foundation C compiler, to compile FASTLINK. GCC produces machine language that is about 10% faster than Sun's C compiler. 4. Install the generic small kernel instead of the generic kernel. The generic kernel has device files for almost everything, and can slow the system down. The generic small kernel is configured for a system without many devices and without many users. Installing a generic small kernel is an option during system installation on Sun workstations. 5. Reconfigure your kernel so it has only devices you need. This should give you a small improvement in overall system speed, but if you are already running the generic-small kernel, additional improvement may be so small that it's not worth the trouble. If the generic small kernel is insufficient for your system this step is a must. The generic kernel will slow down your workstation significantly and most of the device support is unnecessary. 6. Don't run your linkage analyses in the background, because running programs in the background gives them a lower priority. Either do the runs in the foreground or you can use the root password to nice the pedin process by -3 to compensate (negative nice values give a higher priority). If you need to log out, you can use the screen command and "detach" a session so you can log out without programs terminating. Later you can log back in and "reattach" the session, which continued to run while you were logged out. The screen command is available at prep.ai.mit.edu and is also on the O'Reilly Unix Power Tools CD- ROM. According to the Sun documentation, nicing below -10 can interfere with the operating system and actually reduce the process' speed. Running them at the standard default level of 0 is usually sufficient. 7. Runs with 100% penetrance can run faster than runs with incomplete penetrance. Of course, if you have an unaffected obligate carrier, this won't work. In addition, incomplete penetrance runs may be necessary for your research to be "good". 8. Change the block size of your file system. One can increase performance of a file system by increasing the block size, thus decreasing the number of read-write operations. A block device, such as a hard disk, usually accesses a block of data simultaneously. Thus, if one is expecting to use large files, having large blocks will be an advantage. However, one usually trades the number of bytes lost to partial files since one has to increase the fragment size to a number larger than 1024, for example 2048. That is, each file or part of a file occupies 2048 bytes, a file of 100 bytes will still occupy 2048 bytes. Therefore, bigger blocks give faster bigger blocks with bigger fragments and more lost space. 9. It has been noted that you can increase the speed of programs which create/access large files in the /tmp directory by creating a tmpfs file system. 10. Of course, buying more RAM will increase your speed. Its been said that increasing RAM from 16 to 32 megs will result in a large increase in speed and increasing RAM from 32-64 megs will result in a significant increase. However, increasing beyond 64 megs is not particularly helpful.


text:
Filters: Tags: genotype (X) > Categories: Project (X) > partyWithName: Anne Halford (X) > Extensions: Project (X) > Types: OGC WFS Layer (X) > Extensions: Budget (X)1 result (39ms)
Date Range
Tag Types
Effects of Genotype and Management Treatments of Native and Invasive Herbs on Success of Sagebrush Restoration
FY2013The increase in large wildfires at a time when habitat for Greater Sage Grouse and other species dependent on big sagebrush has also increased has led to substantial needs for big sagebrush seeds. Significant decisions on which sagebrush seed to use and on management treatments that affect competing herb layers on the same restoration sites affect the trajectory of habitat.This project will evaluate how seed source, specifically genotype and climate-of-origin, interact with landscape-scale and replicated treatments (fencing, herbicide application, mowing, and seeding).
Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2013, 2014, 2015, Academics & scientific researchers, Cheatgrass,

subset: commoncrawl


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Garneau Tri X-Lite II Shoes
Here is a high-performance triathlon shoe designed to take you from the first to the second transition zone as fast as possible. The brand-new Tri X-Lite II is stiffer and its Velcro won't loosen after 5km of riding. Improved ergonomics allow you to focus on one thing only: getting the best possible bike split.
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Clipless pedals, shoes, and cleats come in many varieties, some specific to one brand or another. If you have a favorite, you may already know what you're looking for, and what is compatible.
Want some help choosing the right pedals and/or shoes? Interested in trying something new? Contact us to ensure your shoes are compatible with your pedals, and all of it's compatible with you.


text:
Hildebrand's second chance
Orangeville star learns to love game again through coaching girls team
ORANGEVILLE - Bradley was playing at DePaul. A crowd of Orangeville fans drove 115 miles to All-State Arena in Rosemont that winter day in 1994 to watch the biggest basketball recruit in the history of their small town play in the big time.
The problem was, he wasn't there.
"I was on a ride home with my father," said Brian Hildebrand, who told assistant coach Rob Judson he was leaving the day before. "I came home and got a job and went on from there. It was a hard decision to make. I figured at the time I would go back and play basketball again. That was my love.
"I loved the hell out of that game. And I still do."
Brian Hildebrand did not go back. He walked away from basketball. Completely away.
"When real life is hitting you in the face, you know you are not the All-American basketball star anymore," he said. "Basketball is gone. Now it's down to real life. From there on, I never touched another basketball until my daughter was in seventh grade."
Now, 20 years after leaving Bradley, the 6-foot-7 center who led Orangeville to its only state basketball appearance is coaching the girls basketball team at his old high school.
"It's very cool," Hildebrand said. "I am a lucky man for the way everything has happened.
"It's a second chance. Something that was messed up has turned to something that's good."
College choice
Marquette, Wisconsin, Northern Illinois and Evansville were among the schools that recruited Hildebrand, who twice led Orangeville to a school-record 25 wins and averaged 23 points and 14 rebounds as a senior. He wound up going to Highland to finish some credits he needed to be eligible. He scored a school-record 1,385 points in two years and was honorable mention All-American at Highland in 1993, the first in Cougars' history. He then chose Bradley after former NIU coach Jim Molinari took over the Braves.
"I followed him there mainly because of Rob Judson. He was a great guy. I was liking him more than the head coach.
"But when I showed up, it was a totally different story. You know how they promise you the world?
"It wasn't the world."
Hildebrand learned Division I college sports "is a different animal." He grew up playing every day with a once-in-a-lifetime group of Orangeville athletes (every member of the 1991 state-qualifying basketball team except Hildebrand was also on the Broncos' 1990 state football championship team).
But in college, it's not just practice. It's also work. Hard work.
"It's a job at that point, at least down there," Hildebrand said. "I didn't mind working out. I lifted weights. And we'd run every day until we puked.
"But it wasn't fun no more. He didn't make it fun. It was demanding, demanding, demanding."
And the games themselves were punishing. Hildebrand had bulked up from 200 pounds as a high school senior to 230 at Bradley. Standing 6-7, 230 is great for a player with small-forward skills - Orangeville won its first sectional title on an 18-foot fadeaway by Hildebrand with three seconds left against Annawan - but not a Division I center.
"He stuck me at center," Hildebrand said of Molinari. "One game against Wichita State, they had one guy 260 pounds and 6-10 and another guy 7-1 and 300 pounds. I was in the hole with them battling those guys. I'm just getting the crap beaten out of me.
"We had 7-1 and 7-2 guys on the bench too, but I beat them out in practice. I stuck in there as long as I could until I just couldn't take it anymore."
Muscle had never been Hildebrand's game.
"Brian was a rare breed. He could shoot the ball from any range, not just mid-range and inside," said former Orangeville coach Brian Benning. "His touch was amazing. He could really stretch out the defense."
Returning home
So Brian Hildebrand went home to Orangeville, population 779. The local boy who didn't make good.
Only he didn't see it that way.
"It had to be tough, because you are up on a little bit of a pedestal," said Benning, who would move on to coach Harlem football and Dakota basketball and golf. "The things he accomplished are such a big part of Orangeville history, but that doesn't matter much to Brian. Brian's just going to do what he thinks is the right thing to do. When he made the decision, he wasn't going to look back and second-guess himself."
"It never bothered him," said his wife, Deanna Hildebrand. "What it comes down to is he wouldn't want that lifestyle. Even if he made the NBA, he would rather stay home, raise kids and have a family in a small town and know his neighbors."
When Hildebrand returned home, he got a job working as an electrician for the city of Freeport's water and sewer commission. That's where he met Deanna. He also bought a farm where he grows 80 acres of corn and beans.
But he didn't touch a basketball. Not for more than 15 years.
"It was hard to watch him not do anything with basketball for how good he was," said Orangeville farmer Matt Hazzard, the point guard on that state qualifying team. "To have it be like it was, where he didn't enjoy it, was hard to watch."
Even his family didn't understand.
"How can you have such a passion for the sport and all of a sudden stop?" his wife would ask. "That was very confusing for me."
A hoops return
Sierra Hildebrand is the reason Brian returned to basketball. And Madalyn Hildebrand is the reason he hopes to stay for at least seven more years.
Brian returned to the game when his two daughters began to play. "I helped out, doing the father thing with them," he said.
When Sierra, now a freshman, needed a coach in seventh grade. Deanna talked Brian into taking the job. The next year, Brian coached the same team in eighth grade. He got to stay with the same group again this year when high school coach Fred Linker decided to retire, opening the varsity job for Hildebrand.
"How often does that happen in life?" he said. "I might have just had two years there and been done. I'm very fortunate. Everything lined up just right."
Everything but Sierra. His oldest daughter "went the band way" and chose music over basketball. "Isn't that something?" Hildebrand said.
But that didn't lessen Hildebrand's enthusiasm for coaching. He had grown to love working with the group of girls he had spent two years with and now wants to keep coaching until at least Madalyn, now in fifth grade, graduates.
"He calls me once in awhile," Hazzard said. "He's so excited about coaching now, he goes on and on, sometimes for an hour on the phone. It's fun to hear it in his voice."
It's fun for his players too.
"He'll make half-court shots, goof around and have fun with us," senior Crystal Rote said. "He's very passionate about basketball, but he wants us to have fun first. He says winning will come, but the most important thing is to have fun."
"People may pick winning over fun," Hildebrand explained, "but I believe you've got to have fun, then you win. I always had fun with Brian Benning, my coach, and my teammates. We always had smiles on our faces."
So do these Broncos, despite a modest record (4-15, 3-8 NUIC East). But the Broncos are young and athletic; several players were key members of Orangeville's freshman-laden softball team that took eventual state champion Milledgeville into extra innings in the sectional final.
"I think we're going to have a good deal going on," Hildebrand said.
It already is a good deal. Orangeville's greatest basketball player is back in the game. How could that not be good?
"Someone was wanting me to do this," Hildebrand said. "I have more of a drive now than when I left high school. I just love the atmosphere, the close games. 'It is go-time ladies, let's go!' That pumps me up. That still runs in my veins.
"It's taken a group of girls to get me back into it."
"If you have a gift," his wife said, "you might as well share it."
Matt Trowbridge: 815-987-1383; email@example.com; @matttrowbridge


text:
Some Verizon iPhone 5 users whose phones were using the data network while supposedly connected to Wi-Fi won't be charged for their extra data usage. The company issued a statement on Monday morning, published by The Loop, which followed a carrier settings update issued over the weekend.
Over the last week or so, some Verizon iPhone 5 users reported seeing abnormally high data usage on their accounts despite their phones being on Wi-Fi during the time they were being used. This behavior was of particular concern since most customers are no longer on Verizon's old unlimited data plans. It turned out that the phones had only claimed to be using Wi-Fi when they were instead using LTE or 3G.
But over the weekend, Verizon iPhone 5 customers received pop-ups on their devices saying there was a carrier settings update that "resolves an issue in which, under certain circumstances, iPhone 5 may use Verizon cellular data while the phone is connected to a Wi-Fi network." If you are one of these users and didn't receive the pop-up, however, you can force it by going to Settings > General > About, which will (eventually) make the message appear. Users must then tap "OK" and reboot their phones for the update to install.
"Under certain circumstances, iPhone 5 may use Verizon cellular data while the phone is connected to a Wi-Fi network," Verizon said in its statement to the Loop. "Apple has a fix that is being delivered to Verizon customers right on their iPhone 5. Verizon Wireless customers will not be charged for any unwarranted cellular data usage."


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loosed is a playable word!
Unscrambled words made from anagrams of loosed. There are 82 words found that match your query. We have unscrambled the letters loosed (deloos) to make a list of all the words found in Scrabble, Words with friends and Text Twist and other similar word games. Click on the words to see the definitions and how many points are they worth.
There are 6 letters in loosed. Find English words made by unscrambling letters loosed.


text:
NU T&F Huskers Add Three Academic All-America Honors
Posted By: Sports
The Nebraska track and field team continued its academic success on Thursday as three Huskers earned spots on the Capital One Academic All-America Men's and Women's Track and Field/Cross Country Teams. Senior Bjorn Barrefors led NU with his fourth honor, becoming Nebraska's only four-time academic All-American.
Barrefors was named a first-team honoree for the fourth straight year. On the women's side, seniors Mara Griva and Morgan Wilken became first-time honorees as they were both selected to the second team.
The men's team now has a total of 23 CoSIDA Academic All-Americans, including 18 since 2002 when the track and field/cross country team was created. The women's team has a total of 26. Nebraska's nation-leading total of CoSIDA Academic All-Americans has grown to 307 selections across all sports.
Barrefors completed his career in 2013 as a multi-event athlete and two-time captain for the Huskers. A native of Stockholm, Sweden, he is a computer science major with a minor in mathematics/physics. The NCAA Elite 88 Academic Award winner at the 2010 indoor track and field championships, he was a member of two conference championship teams. Barrefors is a six-time All-American and a two-time conference champion. He was selected as the 2012-13 Nebraska Male Student Athlete of the Year and broke school records in both the heptathlon and decathlon during his career. He received the 2012-13 Big Ten Medal of Honor, was a Big Ten Distinguished Scholar and an academic All-Big Ten selection.
Griva earned her first academic All-America honor in 2013 after completing a stellar Husker campaign as one of Nebraska's top jumpers. A two-time captain for NU and native of Ventspils, Latvia, she is a management/marketing major at Nebraska. She finished her senior season with a fourth-place showing in the long jump and a sixth-place finish in the triple jump at the NCAA Outdoor Championships. Griva is a 10-time All-American and nine-time conference champion. She swept the horizontal jumps titles at both the indoor and outdoor Big Ten Championships in 2013. As a senior, she was named the 2013 Big Ten Indoor Female Field Athlete of the Championships, the 2013 Big Ten Outdoor Female Field Athlete of the Championships and the 2013 Big Ten Outdoor Female Field Athlete of the Year. She is a two-time academic All-Big Ten honoree.
Wilken, a discus thrower and captain, also capped her Husker career with academic All-America accolades. She is a native of Crofton, Neb., and is a mathematics and math education major. A two-time All-American, she represented the Huskers in the discus at the 2013 Big Ten Outdoor Championships. She finished fourth in the event at the 2012 Big Ten Championships and went on to record an eighth-place finish at the 2012 NCAA Outdoor Championships. Wilken was named a second-team CoSIDA Academic All-District VII selection in 2011 and is a two-time academic All-Big Ten honoree.


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The Quinny Buzz 3 Wheel stroller is immediately recognizable by its superb design and unique automatic fold-out system. Thanks to a specially preformed ergonomic seat, the new Quinny Buzz offers even more comfort. With its futuristic design, the Quinny Buzz is a real eye-catcher. The use of a revolutionary gas spring technique means that the stroller unfolds itself fully automatically. No more wrestling with the stroller to open it. The Quinny Buzz is made of lightweight matte silver aluminum. The double swivel wheel on the front ensures exceptional maneuverability. It includes Maxi-Cosi Car Seat.
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text:
Police & Fire: December 27, 2012
Vehicle extracted
Sault Police report investigating an incident shortly before 4 a.m. today where a vehicle was found mired in a ditch off of Sherman Park Drive.
The driver displayed no outward signs of being under the influence, explaining he had lost control due to a slippery spot in the road. He further added there was no damage to the vehicle and he was waiting for a family member to come pull him out.
Police directed traffic while the father-son team freed the vehicle from its temporary parking spot.
No additional law enforcement action was required.
False alarm
City police were dispatched to a downtown jewelry store shortly after 4 a.m. today after an alarm was triggered at that establishment.
Investigating officers determined the building was secure before notifying a store representative about the incident.
Assault investigation
Sault Police also report responding to a minor altercation in the 200 block of Ferris Wednesday evening which was apparently triggered after two roommates expressed an interest in the same woman.
The males engaged in a little shoving before briefly wrestling in the snow.
Neither party seemed interested in pressing charges against the other and police instructed both men to avoid each other for the rest of the evening before departing from the scene.


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Seiad Valley man accused of shooting landlord
SEIAD VALLEY – A Seiad Valley man is being held in the Siskiyou County Jail without bail after allegedly shooting his landlord in the stomach when asked to vacate the property on Sunday, stated a press release issued by the Siskiyou County Sheriff's Office (SCSO).
Timothy Patrick Horgan, 51, is charged with attempted murder. He is scheduled to be arraigned in the Siskiyou County Superior Court on March 6.
According to the release, on March 3 at approximately 9:30 a.m. SCSO deputies responded to a report that a man had been shot on Seiad Creek Road in Seiad Valley.
The alleged victim reported that he had gone down to his renter's property to advise them he wanted them to leave, at which time the male renter reportedly shot him.
Responding deputies found the victim in his home and that he been shot in the lower right abdomen. The victim was taken from the residence by ambulance and then transported to Sky Lakes Medical Center in Klamath Falls, Ore. by helicopter for treatment.
The California Highway Patrol and the Seiad Valley Volunteer Fire Department assisted the SCSO with this case.


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text:
Read also: Magnus Beyonce Wide Fitting Mid Heel Suede And Leather T-Bar …
Standard 48hr Delivery – £5.00
Our standard delivery (48hr) charge for footwear within the UK is now £5.00. This is the same for however many pairs you choose to order. Any orders placed before 1pm will be despatched the same day (subject to the goods being available at our Northampton warehouse). If you are ordering items from either the sale shoes or bargain bin sections of the website there is every chance these will be located in one of our London stores – this will result in a small delay in despatching your goods as we have to recall them to Northampton prior to sending them out with the delivery courier.
Next Day Delivery – £10.00
In order to facilitate a next day delivery you MUST have placed the order BEFORE 1pm and the goods need to be in stock with us here at our Northampton warehouse – If you are depending on this delivery for ANY reason we urge you to call us (Contact Us) where we can check our stock levels of your required style/sku and advise you accordingly. This will give you the chance to seek an alternative if your chosen item is not immediately available for despatch – You can of course, still use this option at any time during the evening or weekend and we will contact you immediately if your item is not readily available on the contact number you supply when we return to work. Please bear in mind the information given in the Standard Delivery section above regarding sale shoes and bargain bin items when choosing this option.
Please note: This service does NOT operate at the weekends, Any Next Day Delivery orders placed on a Friday (prior to 1pm) will be received by you the following Monday, Next Day Delivery orders placed after 1pm on a Friday will be dispatched on the following Monday for a Tuesday delivery. Saturday delivery is not available due to the exhorbitant costs involved to all parties. If you are ordering over a bank holiday weekend the goods will be despatched when we return to work on the following Tuesday for a Wednesday delivery.
Overseas Delivery
Please refer to our Delivery/Returns section for overseas rates.
To ensure your parcel is delivered safely we require a signature upon delivery. If you are likely to be out we will happily deliver to an alternative address (eg work or neighbour) which can be given at the time of ordering. We can also ask the delivery driver to leave your parcel in a "Safe Place" (eg porch or shed) but we must insist that this is entirely at your own risk – our delivery companies drivers all use GPS equipped PDA machines that can prove they were at your house if required.
Other limitations may apply to deliveries such as the time taken to deliver to remote areas & we strongly suggest that you take the time to read the Delivery/Returns section on this website.
Please note :- Due to restrictions placed upon us by our carriers we are not allowed to post aerosol cleaning products of any type to overseas addresses – Any items bought that fall into this category will be refunded to you when we process your order.
At Magnus we want your shoe buying experience to be as easy as possible, With that in mind if you find the shoes you have ordered are not suitable
for any reason, You can return them to us within 14 (fourteen) days of receiving them. Please ensure they are unworn (please do try them on a carpeted
surface) & in the original box that they were delivered in.
Return postage is the sole responsibility of the customer (we will pay for the second pair to come out to you if you are requesting an exchange for a different
size in the same style). Please send them back to us the most economical way to yourself & ensure you get proof of posting – All Post Offices will do this for
a nominal charge. If you have misplaced the returns note that came with the shoes you can download another copy here. Please send your returns clearly marked to us at the address below
Any monies owed will be refunded back to the original credit/debit card used. Any cheque or postal orders will be refunded by cheque and refund confirmation receipts will be sent to you in the post.
Any returns or queries should be sent to:
Magnus Head Office,
2a High Street,
Or if you wish to discuss any queries please call us on 01604 831271 or 01604 831751 alternatively you can email any enquiries to us at email@example.com


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Log in to SCC
Welcome to SCC
Use your SCC username and password to access our site. You can use your same login and password to access any of the SCC sites. If you are logged in your user name and information will appear below. Do you need a username and password? Click the tab above to join and get FREE Access to our site!


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- Description
Patchwork Mens Long Sleeve Slim Fit Shirts
We brings you good quality products in a wide range. Here you will get all kinds of looks and designs, whether it is shirts, half-sleeved, or full-sleeve casual shirts, you will find variety to your heart's content. Choose from a range of men's shirts that are made for formal or casual occasions including casual shirts, dress shirts and formal shirts.
Gender: Men
Item Type: Shirts
Pattern Type: Striped
Sleeve Style:Regular
Style: Fashion
Closure Type: Single Breasted
Fabric Type: Satin
Material: Cotton,Polyester,Lycra,Spandex
Collar: Turn-down Collar
Sleeve Length: Full
Shirts Type: Casual Shirts
Season: Spring and Autumn,Summer
Feature:patchwork shirts
Color:Light Blue,White
Sizes: S M L XL XXL
Different style, size, colors are available
Shirts are simple structured and tailored to meet the everyday casual requirement of clothing. There are different kinds of shirts based on the cut and style and arise from small things like the fitting, the sleeve size and style, the material, and the presence of print or pockets. Ranging from slim-fit casual shirts to regular fit casual shirts, printed shirts, men's casual dress shirts, long-sleeved shirts, short-sleeved shirts, sleeveless vest-types, plain or printed shirts, you can find what you're looking for. Grab the chance to update your wardrobe. Get to look smart but casual like never before, and enjoy flaunting your new style.
Min.Order Quantity: 1 Twenty-Foot Container
Supply Ability: 10000 Piece/Pieces per Month
Port: JNPT
Payment Terms: L/C,T/T
Packaging Details : Polybag, Carton Bags and Outer Carton or customized
Delivery Details: 30 Days
- Additional Information
Additional Information
Call For Price Yes
- Reviews


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Guideposts is a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing hope, encouragement, and inspiration to millions of people across America and the world. Through uplifting magazines, books, websites, a prayer network, and outreach programs, Guideposts helps people deepen their faith and inspires them to reach their true potential.
The challenges and obstacles we encounter in life can make it hard to know which path to choose. A "guidepost" provides direction. It's that welcomed sign on an unfamiliar road. We'd like you to think of Guideposts as your trusted partner on your life's journey.
Every day, people like you draw strength from their faith and overcome adversity. We invite you to connect with like-minded Guideposts readers, volunteers, and donors who share a sense of faith and belief in the human spirit.
Guideposts is the place for your "daily inspiration" — where you can read inspirational stories, request a prayer, pray for others, or share an uplifting story of your own.
Your Stories, Inspiring Others
Regular people do extraordinary things. For decades, Guideposts has shared stories that show the power of prayer and God's work in our daily lives. These captivating stories will inspire you to put your faith into action and overcome your problems, achieve your potential, and help others.
We touch millions of lives every day through our uplifting stories and helpful resources. Guideposts presents these stories in digital and print formats, appealing to audiences of all ages. These include our flagship magazines: Guideposts, Angels on Earth and Mysterious Ways. We also publish books and eBooks, as well as free email newsletters.
Faith, Hope, and the Power of Prayer
Guideposts offers tools and services that empower individuals to deepen their relationship with God and with others through the power of prayer. OurPrayer is a community of faith comforting people through prayer. We're here when you need us: You may submit a prayer request via our website, 24×7.
Guideposts is honored and humbled to pray for millions of requests per year. Answered Prayers are testimonials of the power of prayer at work. Join us to pray for others who submit prayer requests online.
Guideposts in the Community
Guideposts reaches out to people in need, to help them sustain their faith during difficult times. We freely distribute millions of inspirational publications including Guideposts magazines, books, and booklets to hospitals, nursing homes, shelters, prisons, and other locations.
Our Military Outreach works with chaplains to distribute more than one million copies of inspirational publications to our servicemen and women stationed at military bases around the world. In addition, our Comfort Kits have brightened the lives of thousands of children who are hospitalized or undergoing medical treatment.
Our Founders' Timeless Vision
Dr. Norman Vincent Peale and his wife Ruth Stafford Peale cofounded Guideposts in 1945. They envisioned an organization that would help people from all walks of life achieve their maximum personal and spiritual potential. The Peale legacy continues powerfully today in our vision for the future — to offer people products and services that inspire, encourage, and uplift.
Dr. Peale authored the landmark bestseller The Power of Positive Thinking in 1952. Though so much in life has changed since then, the principles of living a faith-based life are just as relevant today as ever. We're pleased to offer Dr. Peale's writings, free of charge, in our ebooks section.
Guideposts.org is committed to connecting people in the digital realm through the power of prayer and a common belief that through faith and the triumph of the human spirit you can overcome obstacles and live an extraordinary life.
Copyright © 2018 Guideposts


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Here's a photo from 30 years ago, when we were living in Melmoth, and my mother, Ella Hayes, came to visit us with her cousins Betty Stewart and Nancy Badcock.
Several members of the Hannan family came to South Africa some time in the first decade of the 20th century including David McFarlane Hannan (1884-1951), the father of Nancy and Betty, and his sister Janet McCartney Hannan (1882-1946), who married George Growdon — Ella Hayes (1910-1983) was their daughter.
David Hannan married Agnes Lindsey Irvine, and Nancy's full name was Agnes Lindsey Irvine Hannan (1925-1984). Betty was Elizabeth Hay Irvine Hannan (1911-2002), named after her maternal grandparents, Alexander Christopher Irvine and Elizabeth Hay.
David and Agnes moved around quite a bit. After coming to South Africa they returned to Scotland, where their middle children, Tom, Alexander and Stanley, were born, and then returned to South Africa and moved to Zambia, then known as Northern Rhodesia.
Filed under: family history, genealogy, Growden family, Hannan family, Hayes family | Tagged: Betty Stewart, Hannan family history, Nan Walters | Leave a comment »


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Free Shipping on Orders of $75 or more!
$ 20.00
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Made of leather in Burkina Faso.
Collections: Accessories
Type: African Accessories
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Shipping: US Mail orders are processed and shipped between 1-3 business days depending on product availability.
No orders are shipped on Saturday, Sunday, or holidays.
Orders can not be changed or added to on the day they are being shipped.
Refunds: We guarantee that you will be 100% satisfied with anything that you order. If for any reason you are not happy, you can return it for a full refund or exchange.
All returns must be undamaged and returned within 30 days of your purchase. We do not pay shipping costs for return
© 2022 Adelani Treasures.
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Shipping & Returns
We ship from Vancouver within 24-48 hours of receiving an order. Orders placed on the weekend will be shipped on the following Monday.
Orders may be delayed by factors outside of our control. Couturist is not responsible for any delays and/or damage caused in-transit by the postal service, courier or customs agencies.
Special Offer*
Free Shipping for all Canadian and US orders which are over $75.
*Offer is subject to change without notice.
Canadian Orders
Receive FREE Standard Shipping for purchases of $150+, excluding taxes, when signed into a Couturist account.
Shipping Options
- Standard: 7-10 business days - $15
- Express: 2-3 business days - $20
- Pick Up from Store: Free!
US Orders
Receive FREE Standard Shipping for purchases of $150+, excluding taxes, when signed into a Couturist account.
Shipping Options
- Standard: 7-10 business days - $25
- Express: 3-5 business days - $35
Hong Kong / Taiwan / Japan
Receive FREE Standard Shipping for purchases of $250+, excluding taxes, when signed into a Couturist account.
Shipping Options
- Standard: 15-20 business days - $30
- Express: 7-10 business days - $50
*Please note, international packages will not be sent back if they are not picked up in time by the customer. Not claiming an imported item within the required time frame, may lead to the package being destroyed at the customs facility.
Return Policy (Pandemic Situation)
In order to protect everyone during this pandemic situation, all orders (including regular-priced items) are final sale now until further notice.
Sorry for the inconvenience and thank you very much for your understanding.
Return Policy (regular situation)
We believe that providing the best online shopping experience for our customers is the most important. If for any reason you are not satisfied with your purchases, we'd be happy to help and make the process hassle-free! Please email us with your order number to email@example.com for further instructions.
Online Purchase Return
You can return regular-priced items to us for refund/exchange 14 days upon delivery with the return label we've provided which means RETURN SHIPPING FEE IS ON US! Please note that the shipping cost incurred with the initial purchase will not be refunded.
In-store Purchase Return
You can return your regular-priced items for a full refund within 7 days of your purchase.
You can exchange your regular-priced items or receive a store credit within 14 days of your purchase.
To be eligible for a return, your item must not be worn, washed or damaged. The item has to have all tags attached and in its original packaging accompanied by a valid receipt.
Promotional, sale items, jewelry, scarves, belts, hats, stationery, handbags and intimates are FINAL SALE.
Returned merchandise that was originally paid for by gift card will receive an exchange or issued a store credit in the form of a Couturist Gift Card. Cash will not be issued.
Couturist Gift Cards are FINAL SALE and may not be redeemed for cash.
Holiday Return Policy
Couturist has extended the grace period for the holiday until January 7, 2019 for regular-priced items with an original receipt. Customers with Gift Receipt may ask for an exchange or store credit except for gift cards and intimates. All returning items must be in their original state: unwashed, unworn, unaltered, and must have all tags attached.
We kindly ask that you avoid December 23 – 26, 2018 for any returns or exchanges.
Refunds and Processing
Once your return is received and inspected, we will send you an email to notify you that we have received your returned item. We will also notify you of the approval or rejection of your refund.
If you are approved, then your refund will be processed, and a credit will automatically be applied to your credit card or original method of payment, within a certain amount of days.
Late or missing refunds
If you haven't received a refund yet, first check your bank account again.
Then contact your credit card company, keep in mind that it may take some time before your refund is officially posted.
Next contact your bank. There is often some processing time before a refund is posted.
If you've done all of this and you still have not received your refund yet, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Sale items
Only regular priced items may be refunded, unfortunately sale items cannot be refunded.
Exchanges for defective/damaged items
We are trying our best to satisfy every customer, so we guarantee that all items are sent to you in good condition. However, please check your items carefully once you receive the items, and please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com within 2 days after delivery if defective/damaged items are found. We are not able to replace defective/damaged items if we don't receive your notice within 2 days after delivery.
Taxes and Other Charges
For US and International orders, we'd like to clarify that Couturist is not responsible for taxes and other charges incurred by the customs.


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Fresh Bouquet-Pinwheel
Our Fresh Bouquet bow is made of imported double gauze fabric.
Our bows come on a one-size-fits-all nylon headband. It is made to fit securely on a tiny newborn's head and stretch comfortably all the way up to an adult size. Each bow is meant to grow with your little girl and look cute on her head for many years to come!
Approximate bow size:
- 4½" in width and 3" tall
To care for your bows we recommend spot cleaning only. Due to the fact that our bows contain small parts, or are small parts in and of themselves, we recommend you supervise your baby while they wear our bows and headbands. They are not intended for sleepwear. Please note color may not be exactly as seen on computer screen, due to various screen calibrations or distortion from flash photography. The pattern placement may vary on some fabrics.
Your item will typically ship with in 3-5 business days.


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Please check your email for directions to activate your account.
Reset Password
Please check your email for directions to reset your password.
Welcome to ShaneCo.com. We are proud and pleased to offer an opportunity to experience Shane Co. on-line. As an employee or immediate family member, please read and agree to the following terms and conditions of the WSM employee purchase agreement.
As stated in the WSM Company Handbook, "employees may purchase merchandise at a reduction from normal selling price, provided that the merchandise is solely for either the employee's own use or for that of his or her IMMEDIATE family." Immediate family is defined as follows: Employee's spouse, spousal equivalent, daughter, son, mother, father, sister, brother, grandparent, grandchild, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, step-parent, or step-child, or a person who is legally acting in one of the above capacities, or another relative living in the employee's residence.
Employees are eligible for the employee discount privilege after receipt of their first pay stub from Western Stone & Metal.
I understand and agree my password is unique to me and cannot be shared with anyone.
I agree I will not purchase any merchandise for the purpose of resale.
I agree I will not purchase any merchandise in proxy for others.
I agree I will not distribute or share, and will keep the employee price confidential.
Any misuse of this employee benefit will result in the loss of such benefit to the employee and all qualified family members stated above, as determined by the VP of Human Resources.
Any employee violation, or violation by a family member, of the Company's EMPLOYEE PURCHASE POLICY, Section IV-L of Company Handbook could result in progressive counseling action being taken with the employee up to and including termination.
Email Us
To contact a store directly, please visit the Store locator .
Thank You !
Your email has been sent
Available Financing Options
|Monthly Payment
|Promotional Period
|Total of Payments
|18 mos
|Monthly Payment
|Promotional Period
|18 mos
|Total of Payments
No Interest if Paid in Full within 18 Months†
Interest will be charged from the purchase date if the purchase balance is not paid in full by the end of the promotional period or if you make late payments.
†No Interest if Paid in Full within 18 Months: To avoid interest, you must pay the full promotional balance before the promotional period ends. If you do not, you will be charged interest from the purchase date at the standard Purchase APR. After the promotional period ends, the standard Purchase APR also applies to the remaining balance and the charged interest. Minimum monthly payments required, but they will not pay off the balance in time. You must make larger payments to avoid the interest. Advertised monthly payment, if any, is greater than your required minimum payment and excludes taxes, delivery, or other charges. Prior purchases excluded. Account must be in good standing. Limited time offer. Other finance plans may be available. Standard account terms apply to purchases that do not qualify. If your account becomes 60 days past due your promotional offer will be revoked, the deferred interest will be charged, and we will continue to charge interest at the standard Purchase APR. New accounts: standard Purchase APR 29.99%. Minimum interest charge $1. Existing accounts, see your Cardholder Agreement for applicable terms. Subject to credit approval. Shane Co. financing account issued by TD Bank, N.A.
Don't Know Your Size?
Don't Know Your Size?
Conveniently determine your ring size using our downloadable Ring Sizer. When you print the ring sizer, you must set the Page Scaling to 'None' in your printer dialog box. Otherwise, the ring sizer will not print to the correct scale.RING SIZER PDF
Don't See Your Ring Size?
Call our jewelry experts at 1(866)-467-4263 to see if it's available for special order. Custom sizes can deliver in 6-8weeks if available.
Free Lifetime Ring Sizing from Shane Co.
Your rings will always fit perfectly when you buy from Shane Co. because our Free Lifetime Warranty includes complimentary ring sizing for life. No one takes care of your jewelry like Shane Co.
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Tiara Round Natural Diamond Contour Wedding BandFull Specs
Metal Type :White Gold
Band Width :2 mm
Total Carat Weight :3/8 ct. t.w.
Engravable :Yes
Gemstone Type :Natural Diamond
Gemstone Shape :Round
Metal Type :White Gold
Band Width :2 mm
Total Carat Weight :3/8 ct. t.w.
Engravable :Yes
Gemstone Type :Natural Diamond
Gemstone Shape :Round
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For questions about an order you have placed, please contact customer support directly.


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We updated our terms of use and privacy policy.
Party Supplies
- St. Patrick's Day Hat- 5 PackSt. Patrick's Day Hat- 5 Pack IN-BG3397725
- Beer Mug CenterpieceBeer Mug Centerpiece IN-BG57358
- Inflatable Beer Mug CoolerInflatable Beer Mug Cooler IN-BG30017
Tax-exempt status is typically available for qualifying Businesses, Governments, Non-Profit Entities and Educational Institutions. All users who make tax exempt purchases with a business account on behalf of the business are subject to our Terms & Conditions.
In order to apply your tax-exempt status to eligible purchases, the business Account Administrator must enroll in our tax exemption program available below. The tax exempt wizard will guide you through the process of enrolling in our program. Your tax-exempt status will usually be activated upon completing enrollment, unless you are required to upload your certificate in which approval can take up to 5 minutes. You can also use this tool to edit or update your status or to add additional tax exemptions in the future.


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Those of you who have spent time staring at a periodic table are undoubtedly aware of the large insertions that are typically stuck below the chart, since they'd make the table unreasonably wide otherwise. The top of these two rows is typically called the Lanthanide series, and it contains the rare earth metals, like dysprosium, holmium, and praseodymium. Although these exotic-sounding metals find their way into displays and lasers, they're primarily notable for their use in powerful magnets that appear in everything from electric motors to disk drives. And, according to a new Congressional analysis posted by the Federation of American Scientists' Secrecy News blog, the world is using them up faster than it can produce them.
The report itself doesn't really have much information that couldn't be obtained elsewhere, but it puts it all together in a very readable package. Right now, we're using about 134,000 tons of rare earth metals a year, but mining only 124,000 tons; the difference is made up using ore stocks that have been mined but not yet processed.
Demand is expected to continue to boom, but new mines and processing facilities take on the order of a decade to come online, so supplies are likely to get very tight in the interim. Right now, most of the rare earths are produced in China, but the country has been limiting exports of late, and its domestic demand is expected to outstrip its production sometime in 2012.
Congress is investigating because absolutely none of the production comes from the US. (Some ore is supplied by the US, but it was previously mined, and is shipped overseas for processing.) This is a concern because many military technologies also rely on the use of rare earths. The US has some high-quality deposits that are estimated to hold 13 percent of the global reserves, but much of it is mixed with thorium, which creates a radioactive waste problem that has discouraged their use. Even if we did start mining it, however, we don't have any domestic processing capacity, or any companies that are converting the results into finished products, like magnets.
As a result, several pieces of legislation are pending in Congress, most of which would require the Department of Defense to evaluate whether our supplies are sufficiently diverse to prevent disruptions; some of the bills would take steps to promote domestic production. The report also lays out some additional policy options, such as challenging China's rare earth export restrictions at the WTO. Overall, the report suggests it's not time to panic, but it might be time to get a bit concerned, and plan accordingly.


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GOP's anti-tax focus trips Dems in budget battle
WASHINGTON - Congressional Republicans' unyielding stand against income tax increases has caught President Barack Obama and his allies off guard, resulting in the spending-cuts-only approach to deficit reduction that Democrats most wanted to avoid.
It also has dimmed hopes for broader efforts this year to start taming the costly and fast-growing "entitlement" programs of Medicare and Social Security.
The result is a new round of deficit reduction that tilts more toward Republicans' wishes than many people would have expected after Obama won re-election with a campaign that called for higher taxes on the rich.
Democrats thought House Republicans would accept some new revenues last month to minimize military cuts and to pressure liberals to confront entitlement spending. Instead, Republicans seem more determined than ever to block tax increases on high incomes, whatever the political risk.
It's now the overriding priority for GOP lawmakers - even if they hold a different view of payroll taxes on wage earners. With relatively little debate, Republicans and Democrats this year raised the payroll tax rate, which funds Social Security, after granting a two-year reduction.
In all, two years of budget debates have yielded laws to reduce deficits by nearly $4 trillion over 10 years, a point of pride for Republicans. About $620 billion of that will come from tax hikes made inevitable by the "fiscal cliff" legislation, resolved Jan. 1. The rest will come from spending cuts and savings on interest.
The ratio disappoints liberals. They recall that Congress' top Republican suggested $800 billion in new revenue, and Obama proposed $1.2 trillion or more, in "grand bargain" talks that started in 2011 but never reached fruition.
"Somehow we ended up with $600 billion," and with no provisions to rein in entitlements, says Jim Kessler of the Democratic think tank Third Way. "It was an enormous missed opportunity."
For House Republicans, the no-income-tax-increase stand is more doctrine than strategy. Whether lucky or strategic, however, they feel they outfoxed Obama on deficit-reduction policies this time.
When a new "fiscal cliff" law was about to raise income tax rates on nearly all U.S earners in January, GOP leaders accepted Obama's offer to limit the increase to incomes above $450,000. It was a concession by the president, who had campaigned for a somewhat broader tax hike.
Republicans never reciprocated, however. That cleared the way last week for across-the-board "sequester" spending cuts, once considered too damaging to enact. The deal contains none of the new revenues that Democrats had hoped would follow their compromise on the fiscal cliff.
"It a result of botched negotiations on the fiscal cliff," Kessler said. "There is now no forcing mechanism for Democrats to come to the table on entitlements and for Republicans to come to the table on revenue."
The government is cutting into discretionary spending rather than investing in education, infrastructure and other future-oriented priorities, Kessler said.
Republicans say income tax rate hikes inhibit hiring. Democrats note that the federal tax burden, as a portion of the economy, is the lowest it has been since 1950. Also, nonpartisan studies show that the Bush-era tax cuts contributed heavily to the deficit.
Some Republicans say they outflanked Obama last week simply by adamantly opposing higher income taxes. It's a priority they reinforced at a January gathering in Williamsburg, Va.
"The strategy we've been embarked on since Williamsburg - which is no budget, no pay; lock in the sequester savings; get the CR done - so far, that's working," said Rep. Jim Jordan of Ohio, a prominent House conservative. He was alluding to House efforts to force senators to pass a budget (or forgo their pay), and to open the way for a "continuing resolution" to keep the government operating beyond March 27, with no increase in revenues.
Kevin Smith, a spokesman for House Speaker John Boehner, said: "We're exactly where we set out to be a few weeks ago."
The GOP strategy carries risks. Polls show Americans are more inclined to blame Republicans than Democrats if the budget reductions damage the economy or significantly inconvenience people's day-to-day lives.
Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal and other non-Washington Republicans say congressional Republicans are too obsessed with austerity and budget numbers, risking a public backlash if programs are cut too deeply or unwisely.
A CBS News poll finds large majorities of Americans saying they want both parties to compromise rather than hold fast to their positions. Self-identified Democrats, however, embrace compromise more than Republicans do.
GOP strategist Mike McKenna thinks House Republicans took a smart, calculated risk by letting the sequester cuts take place. "Most people don't interact with the federal government a lot," he said.
While most Americans support a mix of budget cuts and tax increases to reduce the deficit, McKenna said, they realize the payroll tax rose in January, along with the tax on incomes above $450,000.
With the deficit-spending battles apparently cooling for a while, Congress can focus more heavily on immigration, gun control and other issues.
Congressional Republicans say they're confident that few if any changes will be made to gun laws. As for immigration, most are taking a wait-and-see approach.
Many conservative activists oppose "amnesty" for illegal immigrants. But Republican strategists say the party will struggle to win presidential elections unless it improves its relationship with Hispanic voters, many of whom see immigration as important symbolically and substantively.
House Republicans "are so caught up in the sequester thing, they're not thinking four weeks down the road," McKenna said.
For now, they seem content without a grand strategy, and some Democrats are wincing.
Democratic consultant Jim Manley, who confers often with Obama aides, said those aides feel the president used his fiscal cliff leverage to his advantage on Jan. 1. But on the sequester, they concede that Republicans returned the favor and had the upper hand, Manley said.


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- We use the best materials in our products that's why we use 100% high quality cotton. You will feel the softness of our t-shirt and when you wear it, you will fall in love.
- We use the latest in garment printing technology to bring you high quality digital printing across chest t-shirts. The garment is fully machine washable, we recomend wash inside out for longer durability.
- At Idakoos you will find designs about Sports, Countries, Hobbies, Animals, Names, Occupations or another Funny categories.
- If you would like other colors or a different size, please contact our customer service and they will be happy to assist you. Satisfaction is guaranteed, if you are unsatisfied with the design, color or any other reason, please let us know about your problem. We will do our best to resolve it as soon as possible.
- Great gift for a birthday or graduation. Great to make fun of someone. This is perfect for Father's day, St. George, Christmas, New Year, etc. A perfect gift for you, friend or a family member.
real men love Mule t-shirt is a premium quality that will get the atention of friends, family members and even people in the street for its unique design and message. This is perfect for Father's day, St. George, Christmas, New Year, etc or any other special occasion. Our designs are available on a wide range of apparel such as tank tops, sleeveless t-shirts, t-shirts, sweatshirts, hoodies, baby bodysuits, maternity t-shirts and more. Made of 100% cotton, you will feel the softness of our t-shirts as soon as you put it on, you will immediately fall in love, giving you the best feeling. We use the latest in garment printing technology to bring you high quality digital printing t-shirts. The garment is full machine washable. If you are looking for unique designs, you have come to the right place. Visit our store where you can find thousands of awesome designs that means you can you choose from a wide variety of cool designs.