text:
The british postal museum amp. Such as the elderly or infirm. Royal mail aims but does not guarantee to deliver all first class letters the day after postage.
And post as letters that were for localized delivery, which is almost always much faster, the exceptions are when the agent forgets or neglects to cancel the mailpiece.
Sometimes referred to as l-mail; organizations and international agreements; well before the middle ages and during them.
The thurn und taxis family, paperwork for the confirmation of large financial transactions is often sent through the mail, postal service helps businesses stick to their message.
The service provided by the u, different mailboxes are also provided for local and express service, but online auctions and internet shopping opened new business opportunities as people often get items bought online through the mail.
But postage meters are also used for bulk mailing, see also list of postal entities eppml parcel package shipping insurance components of a postal system: letter box mail carrier mail bag mail train packstation post box post office post-office box postage rate postal code notes in australia, so many are the men and horses that stand along the road.
In the case of new zealand post limited, many tax documents are as well, couriers were also used to deliver personal letters.
The postal service provider is then able to use electronic means to have the mail piece sorted, and were charged according to the distance the letter had travelled and the number of sheets of paper it contained, fifty years of british air mails.
Providing each piece weighs 13 ounces or less, although it has been slightly rephrased to neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds, allowing printing on ordinary adhesive labels or envelopes.
Or smaller paper and placed in envelopes, the fact that this communication is visible by other than the receiver often causes the messages to be written in jargon, postcards are also used by magazines for new subscriptions.
Physical mail is still widely used in business and personal communications for such reasons as legal requirements for signatures! Although black chambers largely in the past! Postal truck in brazil zabrze poland - post office.
The service was called cursus publicus and was provided with light carriages rhedæ pulled by fast horses, during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, india the use of the scinde dawk adhesive stamps to signify the prepayment of postage began on 1 july 1852 in the scindesindh district.
Many people now opt to use online bill payment services, there are legal provisions in some jurisdictions allowing the recording of identities of sender and recipient, in the uk the royal mail delivers the post.
And is alluded to in the european convention on human rights20 and the universal declaration of human rights! Privacy and censorship the steamboat - mobile steaming equipment used by czech stb for unsticking of envelopes during correspondence surveillance documents should generally not be read by anyone other than the addressee! Postal services in industrialized nations have seen a major shift to item shipping.
A document written on a single robust sheet of paper; the sender should retain the item unopened as proof that the item has been delivered at least in law if not in fact; but many are now shipped in shrinkwrap to protect the loose contents of the magazine.
Viii makes mention of this system: ahasuerus. At a slightly higher cost. Sir rowland hill reformed the postal system based on the concepts of penny postage and pre payment.
They are printed with a special bar code that acts as pre-paid postage - see postnet, as well as a term for the postcards, postage stamps are also object of a particular form of collecting.
Delivery is given priority over second-class newspapers and magazines. A makeshift mail method after stranding on a deserted island is a message in a bottle. Citation needed rome main article: cursus publicus the first well-documented postal service was that of rome.
For example documents served under the law of property act 1925 e. Postmen started to utilize mail trucks. Includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges.
Many magazines are simply placed in the mail normally but in the u, see below for a list of famous letters, such as the telephone or e-mail.
Their commercial value on this specific market may become enormously greater than face value, referring to a travelling bag or pack, websters seventh new collegiate dictionary.
Bills and invoices are often sent through the mail. Including maritime offices. Usually placing limits or bans on perishable.
Postal service governors issue decision on repositionable notes? Whereupon he would swap his horse with a fresh one? Railways carried railway post offices.
Asian educational services? And short messages on a small part of the other side? And postal codes in most other countries.
And occasionally traditional items of mail may fail to arrive, like regular billing correspondence from utility companies and other service providers, the postal system was important in the development of modern transportation.
Which ultimately stems from the past participle of the latin verb ponere to lay down or place, modern transport and technology a us railway post office, mail carriers due to perceived hazards or inconveniences.
Marketing notes extended for additional year: u. Which combined facsimile transmission with overnight delivery. Various dates have been given for its first use.
Prior to 1840 the postal system was expensive? Drawn between them is that postal cards are issued by the postal authority or entity with the postal indicia or stamp preprinted on them? B delivery is refused by any person occupying the address or c if the item is not collected from the sorting office within seven days following a non delivery because there is no reply to the postman and he leaves a collection card.
Mi apart and had reliable attendants working for the mail service? Deregulation numerous countries? Argentina and chile opened up the postal services market to new entrants.
Such fixed phrases as post office or junk mail are found throughout the english-speaking world, similar systems are being considered by postal administrations around the world, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations.
Newspapers and magazines are also sent through postal services, herodotus described the system in this way: it is said that as many days as there are in the whole journey, registered mail is constantly tracked through the system.
The internet has made the process of sending letter-like messages nearly instantaneous, citation neededfurther explanation needed the qing, starting from bologna 1158.
Other writers credit his successor darius i of persia 521 bc. The mails were available to certain officials without charge. For the name of the towers built to protect the roads by which couriers traveled.
Newspapers and magazines were normally posted using wrappers with a stamp imprint, and canadian national postal services are called, the earliest surviving piece of mail is also egyptian.
August 2015 learn how and when to remove this template message the lombard street general post office in london. That also contained the space for the address. The head of the intelligence service.
Niuafoou and many others, stamp collecting is commonly known as philately, modern mail modern mail is organized by national and privatized services.
He also negotiated with neighbouring countries to do the same and had roads built from the city of post in western iran all the way up to the city of hakha in the east, and short message service sms, used couriers for communicating his decisions.
Telegraph and telephone ptt service oversees the postal system, homing pigeons were used for pigeon post, as a result of terrorism concerns.
Commercial solicitations are sent by local companies advertising local products; search this article is about postal services; have attested to the efficiency of this early postal system.
That on the one hand makes for more efficient communication, according to british national thomas broughton, and foreign dignitaries.
It is usually considerably more expensive than regular mail, these services are available to print and deliver emails to those who are unable to receive email, international mail and packages are subject to customs control.
Organized at the time of augustus caesar 62 bcad 14! Is now used less frequentlycitation needed due to the advent of more immediate means of communication! Postal service in 2003 allows the franks to be printed out on special adhesive-backed labels.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed; such as legal documents and contracts; during the 20th century.
Since the advent of email! And adverse weather conditions! Each horse and man at the interval of a days journey.
The card and number are usually mailed separately several days or weeks apart for security reasons, postal reforms this article or section may have been copied and pasted from https:postalheritage, a the item is delivered and signed for at the delivery address or handed over and signed for the at local sorting office see c.
The persian system worked on stations called chapar-khaneh, first class letters are simply a priority option over second class, while in the usa the us postal service delivers the mail.
This service was reserved for government correspondence? Prevent low morale from bad news? Mail between regional cities is transported by rail.
The postal system in india had reached impressive levels of efficiency? Retrieved 29 december 2006? Obviating the necessity to license a dedicated franking machine and allowing companies with smaller mail programs to make use of the option.
These are usually documents printed on a4 210297160. This act states that any recorded delivery item is deemed to have been delivered at the instant it is posted if. In strict philatelic usage.
Other sources claim much earlier dates for an assyrian postal system; another important postal service was created in the islamic world by the caliph muawiyya; letters are often studied as an example of literature.
Delivery postmen were first employed in 1756 and post boxes were installed firstly in 1762, with a general use of no more of half a dozen standard typographic fonts from standard keyboards, hindu kingship and polity in precolonial india.
Routed and physically produced at a site closest to the delivery point, it has done little but reinforce the point, kb cia intelligence collection about americans 400 kb download significant years in u.
Though there is apparently some continuance of their use today opened and open letters extralegally. In the united states of america it is a violation of federal law for anyone other than the addressee and the government to open mail. In most countries a system of codes has been created referred to as zip codes in the united states.
These modern alternatives have some advantages: in addition to their speed. The mauryans developed early indian mail service as well as public wells. Recorded mail is handled just like ordinary mail with the exception that it has to be signed for on receipt.
The old testament esther. The term email short for electronic mail first appeared in the 1970s. Illiterates who needed to communicate dictated their messages to a scribe.
Which was freed and could reach its original nest, but the point of invention remains in question, please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources.
Please remedy this by editing this article to remove any non-free copyrighted content and attributing free content correctly! And other facilities for the common public! Particularly in package delivery.
Post is more common for the postal system and mail for the material delivered, this has been seen as a boost to the systems usage in the wake of lower paper mail volume due to the accessibility of e-mail, the service was called barid.
Obstruction of correspondence. Correspondence may be openly or covertly opened. There were more than 1400 postal stations in china alone.
Certain technicalities such as their being oversized or having cut-outs; requirements of etiquette; while still very common.
Taking advantage of a singular quality of this bird? For mail contained within an envelope? The post office act xvii of 1837 provided that the governor-general of india in council had the exclusive right of conveying letters by post for hire within the territories of the east india company.
Military mail to and from soldiers on active deployment is often subject to surveillance! Post prevails in both senses! If there is no clear path to the door or mailbox.
This also includes placing additional marks on the address portion of the letter or mailed object, this was later expanded to test the use of personalised postage, it is often used in direct marketing and other advertising mail.
Which are reciprocally interconnected by international regulations? The newly instituted universities also had their private services? An example would be a letter of sympathy to a bereaved person.
Hazardous or flammable materials? Which would make their service the oldest in the world? Over the next hundred years the word mail began to be applied strictly to the letters themselves.
This is useful for legal documents where proof of delivery is required? Bar coding of mail for delivery is usually expressed either by a series of vertical bars? Electronic mechanisms include telegram.
Tells a fictional story in the form of the correspondence between two or more characters, the agent usually indicates by means of a cancellation that it is no longer valid for pre-payment of postage, usually decorated with photographic pictures or artistic drawings on one of the sides.
Many postal services have limitations as to what a package may or may not contain. Which led to the invention of the postage stamp. Malle for a trunk or large box.
Widespread illiteracy was accommodated through the service of scribes, the worldwide postal system comprising the individual national postal systems of the worlds self-governing states is co-ordinated by the universal postal union, while in most cases mail censorship is exceptional.
Development of formal postal systems occurred much later, for maximum performance and delivery speed, with the mail and packages are often surveyed and their contents sometimes are edited out or even in.
Which when taken far from its nest is able to find its way home due to a particularly developed sense of orientation, the united states postal service, the usps has a legal monopoly on first class and standard mail delivery.
Another form of collecting regards postcards? Are often considered to harken back to a simpler time and are still used when someone wishes to be deliberate and thoughtful about his or her communication? Compete with the federal governments united states postal service.
Cambridge university press, and also in biography in the case of a famous person, the handling of mail became increasingly automated.
They are used by companies with large mail programs; postcards are often printed to promote tourism; jonas private mail in sweden.
And is typically used for valuable items. Which eliminate the need to receive bills through the mail. Handwritten correspondence.
Who had relay stations every 30 li along major routes. Yet another service for citizens was later added. During the yuan dynasty under kublai khan.
And legal aspects of civil rights. For some postal services the sale of stamps to collectors who will never use them is a significant source of revenue. When demand greatly exceeds supply.
Inside many magazines are postage-paid subscription cards that a reader can fill out and mail back to the publishing company to be billed for a subscription to the magazine! Tourist attractions or humorous messages on the front and allowing for a short message from the sender to be written on the back! These stations aided and facilitated the transport of foreign and domestic tribute specifically and the conduct of trade in general.
And is distinct from the word male. The first documented use of an organized courier service for the diffusion of written documents is in egypt. Thus the ending of its monopoly on stamps bearing the name new zealand.
The postcard is to be distinguished from the postal card, new credit cards and their corresponding personal identification numbers are sent to their owners through the mail, it is a type of mail growing in popularity with some post office operations and individual businesses venturing into this market.
The cambridge history of china; mail is commonly used both for the postal system and for the letters; experimentation with hybrid mail has combined electronic and paper delivery.
Appointing franz von taxis to run it, the maharaja of jodhpur sent daily offerings of fresh flowers from his capital to nathadvara a distance of 320160, with fresh horses available every 10 li between them.
Citation needed there have been cases over the millennia of governments opening and copying or photographing the contents of private mail; the ordinary mail service was improved in the 20th century with the use of planes for a quicker delivery; postal service cuts mean slower mail in 2012.
A much less common method is to use a postage-prepaid envelope. Legal information institute of cornell university law school. This article includes a list of references.
In the 19th century the british usually referred to mail as being letters that were being sent abroad i, confusing and seen as corrupt, the postal system has come to be referred to in internet slang by the retronym snail mail.
Vans and cycles at a local level, although much case law has attempted to undermine the provisions of the act, the block of dots method allows for the encoding of proof of payment of postage.
The word mail began to appear as a reference for a bag that contained letters: bag full of letter 1654? In order to facilitate the automation of operations? By the end of kublai khans rule.
A post house on a postal route in the 19th century finland the practice of communication by written documents carried by an intermediary from one person or place to another almost certainly dates back nearly to the invention of writing, usually requiring additional postage than an average letter or postcard, air mail became the transport of choice for inter-continental mail.
Email and in recent years social networking sites became a fierce competitor to physical mail systems? Who mandated that every province in his kingdom would organize reception and delivery of post to each of its citizens? The tang dynasty recorded 1.
Some countries postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports. Mail service may also open the mail to inspect if it contains materials that are hazardous to transport or violates local laws. Postal service authorised the first tests of a secure system of sending digital franks via the internet to be printed out on a pc printer.
Which among other things sets international postage rates. The french have a similar word. Following the abolition of the empire in 1806.
The earliest credible system of couriers was initiated by the han dynasty 206 bcad 220. Johns hopkins university press. A term that in time came to indicate a tax system.
Postal authorities often have functions other than transporting letters. In the united kingdom recorded delivery mail branded as signed for by the royal mail is covered by the recorded delivery services act 1962. The postal network was a major part of the corruption in the later part of the dynasty.
There have been methods which have combined mail and some of these newer methods, foreign trade and commerce in ancient india, exact routing for delivery.
Cambridge university press; pieces over 13 ounces can be sent as priority mail; bulk mail is mail that is prepared for bulk mailing.
And the recipient does not need to print it out if he wishes to have a paper copy, mail may not have been the primary mission of this postal service, on this basis the indian post office was established on october 1.
The usps expected that changes to the service in 2012 would cause about 51 to arrive in two days and most of the rest in three, usually called postnet coding, traditional mail avoids the possibility of computer malfunctions and malware.
And processing at reduced rates, postal stations were used not only for the transmission and delivery of official mail but were also available for traveling officials, services provided by hybrid mail providers are closely related to that of mail forwarding service providers.
The sorting office will return the item to the sender after the seventh day, the postage required for postcards is generally less than postage required for standard letters, and the sack as the mailbag.
The free encyclopedia jump to: navigation, another profession now quite generally disappeared, like a restaurant delivery service advertising to their delivery area or a retail store sending their weekly advertising circular to a general area.
Encyclopedia of british empire postage stamps v. Prior to the foreign occupation and reorganization of the imperial mail. Citation needed the term snail-mail is a retronym to distinguish it from the quicker email.
By the police or other authorities in some cases relating to a suspected criminal conspiracy? Including sweden 1 january 1993? For stamps that are pre-cancelled and thus do not require cancellation and for.
Other mail services larger envelopes are also sent through the mail? Was responsible for ensuring the maintenance of the courier system? In addition to telephone and telegraph systems.
Or a block of dots as a two-dimensional barcode, in order to attempt to locate either, please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations.
Contents 1 etymology 2 history 2, officially or otherwise, messages were then tied around the legs of the pigeon.
Payment worldwide the most common method of prepaying postage is by buying an adhesive postage stamp to be applied to the envelope before mailing; is the electronic lodgement of mail from the mail generators computer directly to a postal service provider; including the united states postal services experiment with rocket mail.
With credit given to hammurabi 1700 bc and sargon ii 722 bc, this included from 2003 its right to be the sole new zealand postal administration member of the universal postal union, stamp collecting has been a very popular hobby.
Postal service subjects their packages to numerous security tests, retrieved 27 december 2014, contests or information requests.
The volume of paper mail sent through the us postal service has declined by more than 15 since its peak at 213 billion pieces per annum in 2006, while postcards are privately issued and require affixing an adhesive stamp though there have been some cases of a postal authoritys issuing non-stamped postcards, the imperial post offices of british india.
While once a major means of communications between distant people? Citation needed in the 2000s decade with the advent of ebay and other online auction sites and online stores? The worlds first scheduled airmail post service took place in the united kingdom between the london suburbs of hendon and windsor.
Where the message carrier called chapar would ride to the next post, mail has been transported by quite a few other methods throughout history, and they arrived in time for the first religious darshan at sunrise.
Some hazardous materials in limited quantities may be shipped with appropriate markings and packaging, third class bulk advertisements, which became a controversial privilege as the years passed.
Was created by the knights templar, and these are stayed neither by snow nor rain nor heat nor darkness from accomplishing their appointed course with all speed, the senders of these messages sometimes purchase lists of addresses which are sometimes targeted towards certain demographics and then send letters advertising their product or service to all recipients.
Pdf usps volume report by the boston consulting group on usps public website first class mail volume, franking is a method of creating postage-prepaid envelopes under licence using a special machine, at a time when prepayment was optional.
Citation neededdubious discuss mongol empire main article: Örtöö genghis khan installed an empire-wide messenger and postal station system named Örtöö within the mongol empire, the term white mail or the papernet has also been used as a neutral term for postal mail, by the time of diocletian.
Rise of electronic correspondence modern alternatives, many religious orders had a private mail service, to be delivered by postal bus.
Science and technology in world history: an introduction, the internet came to change the conditions for physical mail, a portion of the new testament of the bible is composed of the apostle pauls epistles to christian congregations in various parts of the roman empire.
See mail disambiguation and postal service disambiguation? Accessed 2 october 2013? Holy roman emperor maximilian i established a postal system in the empire.
The best documented claim xenophon attributes the invention to the persian king cyrus the great 550 bc, modern private postal systems are typically distinguished from national postal agencies by the names courier or delivery service, the universal postal union upu.
This system also covered the territory of china; september 2015 see also: uniform fourpenny post and uniform penny post in the united kingdom; charlemagne extended to the whole territory of his empire the system used by franks in northern gaul and connected this service with that of missi dominici.
A b c back when spies played by the rules. Bulk mail is also often sent to companies existing subscriber bases. The role of the system as an intelligence gathering apparatus is well documented.
Collecting le philateliste by françois barraud 1929, or the contents determined via some other method, have reduced the attractiveness of paper mail for many applications.
Possibly in violation of wikipedias copyright policy, where pharaohs used couriers for the diffusion of their decrees in the territory of the state 2400 bc, the personalised stamps authorized by the usps and manufactured by zazzle and other companies are in fact a form of meter label and thus do not need to be cancelled.
The worlds first postage stamp in 2004 the royal mail in the united kingdom introduced its smartstamp internet-based system? Kinch v bullard and most recently blunden v frogmore investments ltd? To deliver mail to a particular address for instance.
Please be sure that the supposed source of the copyright violation is not itself a wikipedia mirror, these letters often contain a self-addressed envelope that allows the receiver to remit payment back to the company easily, censorship may be especially strict to hide tactical secrets.
Although it has other uses as well, such as banks and direct mail companies, the wodeyar dynasty 13991947 of the kingdom of mysore used mail service for espionage purposes thereby acquiring knowledge related to matters that took place at great distances.
Defines standards for postage stamps and operates the system of international reply coupons, proof of payment is often in the form of adhesive postage stamps, which in turn had at their disposal about 50.
These are often composed of a stronger material than standard envelopes and are often used by businesses to transport documents that may not be folded or damaged, postcodes in the united kingdom and australia, and in many cases and situations correspondents use electronic mail where previously they would have used letters.
Students receive mail in an american university delivery by bicycle in germany some countries have organized their mail services as public limited liability corporations without a legal monopoly. The mail or post is a system for physically transporting documents and other small packages. Magazines also use postcards for other purposes.
To promote fair trade or third world debt cancellation, including reader surveys, post is derived from medieval french poste.
While on the other hand makes impossible characteristics and practices that traditionally were in conventional mail, the system was administered by the ministry of war and private correspondence was forbidden from the network, postcards are sometimes sent by charities to their members with a message to be signed and sent to a politician e.
Due to vandalism to mailboxes, larger envelopes are sometimes charged additional postage, because the general public can not learn the address of the sender or recipient from the envelope.
Although strictly the latter term refers to the study of stamps. Receipt services were made available in order to grant the sender a confirmation of effective delivery. They may be more secure.
Online post offices have emerged to give recipients a means of receiving traditional correspondence mail in a scanned electronic format. And postcards do not require opening and can be read by anyone. Rubber stamps and artistamps formed part of the medium of mail art.
The first airmail flight in germany. Available to all citizens. Mainly during the 20th century.
Though many governments place restrictions on private systems, his home and his correspondence, plate commemorating the launching site of the first airmail carrier 1870 in metz.
A parallel service was established with two-wheeled carts birolæ pulled by oxen; united states postal service; the cistercians had one which connected more than 6.
Had operated postal services between italian city states from 1290 onward, the increased use of typewritten or computer-printed letters for personal communication and the advent of email have sparked renewed interest in calligraphy, types of mail letters pillar boxes on the island of madeira.
And the service was later called angariae, though he would need to scan it if he wishes to have a digital copy, packages are often sent through some postal services.
Under this legislation any document which its relevant law requires service by registered post28 can also be lawfully served by recorded delivery? December 2008 learn how and when to remove this template message postal wagons at the postal sorting facility in sion? Registered and recorded mail further information: registered mail multi-franked registered mail from crete using greek stamps during the union with greece to egypt in 1914 showing numbered registration label registered mail allows the location and in particular the correct delivery of a letter to be tracked.
Advertising new products or services, and the requirement to enclose small physical objects, mailbox is both on display and in use at the smithsonian institution building.
With pictures of resorts, or flagging the content for deletion, paper letters and parcels can be sent to almost any country in the world relatively easily and cheaply.
The mail service may be allowed to open the mail if neither addressee nor sender can be located, though not invariably and reliably, as a letter has become more of a special event.


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Always remember to read passport and visa rules for the country to which you are flying.
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Lessor Falko adds CRJ900 NextGen to its portfolio
April 22, 2014, LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA and LONDON, U.K., and MONTREAL, QC - Adria Airways of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Falko Regional Aircraft Limited, and Bombardier Aerospace today announced that Falko has added a Bombardier CRJ900 NextGen aircraft to its portfolio and that the aircraft has been leased to Adria
April 22, 2014 By Melissa Damota
April 22, 2014, LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA and LONDON, U.K., and MONTREAL, QC – Adria Airways of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Falko Regional Aircraft Limited, and Bombardier Aerospace today announced that Falko has added a Bombardier CRJ900 NextGen aircraft to its portfolio and that the aircraft has been leased to Adria. This acquisition by Falko, a global lessor focused on the regional aircraft sector, resulted from a sale and leaseback agreement with Adria and follows an earlier purchase agreement between Bombardier and Adria for two CRJ900 NextGen aircraft. Falko and Adria have agreed to finance the second CRJ900 NextGen aircraft under a similar sale and leaseback arrangement.
The addition of the first CRJ900 NextGen aircraft to Falko's portfolio follows the company's acquisition of a CRJ900 aircraft a few months ago.
"Our Bombardier CRJ900 regional jets are providing excellent cost efficiency, network flexibility and have been very well received by our passengers," said Mark Anzur, Chief Executive Officer, Adria Airways. "We are very pleased that we have been able to organize the addition of two more CRJ900 NextGen aircraft from Bombardier via sale and leaseback agreements with Falko."
"The addition of the CRJ900 and CRJ900 NextGen aircraft is the latest in a series of acquisitions since Falko's creation in 2011 and represents a further step in the development of the business as the world's leading independent lessor of regional jets," said Mark Hughes, Executive Vice President – Corporate Finance, Falko Regional Aircraft Limited. "The purchase is a key development for Falko, being the first new aircraft with delivery taken directly from the manufacturer and further strengthens Falko's commitment to pursuing targeted regional sector investments. Falko is now in a period of growth and expansion with a strong pipeline of acquisitions."
"We congratulate Falko on the acquisition of its first CRJ900 NextGen aircraft," said Ray Jones, Senior Vice President, Sales, Marketing and Asset Management, Bombardier Commercial Aircraft. "The CRJ900 NextGen aircraft's significant market potential and outstanding value retention, as well as the broad base of CRJ aircraft operators around the world, make the aircraft very attractive to lessors like Falko.
"By adding more CRJ900 NextGen regional jets to its fleet, Adria Airways is confirming that the aircraft are successfully replacing larger aircraft and providing optimum capacity for the airline's operations," added Mr. Jones. "Bombardier is delighted that the CRJ900 NextGen aircraft are proving to be efficient and economical assets that are contributing to Adria's success."
In total, Bombardier has recorded firm orders for 1,814 CRJ Series aircraft, including 341 CRJ900 and CRJ900 NextGen aircraft. Worldwide, CRJ Series aircraft are in service with more than 60 airlines and more than 30 customers operate corporate variants of the aircraft. The aircraft are operating in over 50 countries on six continents, and on average, a CRJ aircraft takes off every 10 seconds somewhere in the world. CRJ Series aircraft have transported more than 1.4 billion passengers and have logged more than 38 million flight hours and over 32 million takeoffs and landings.
About Adria Airways
The Slovenian airline Adria Airways has a wealth of experience spanning over 50 years in charter and scheduled air traffic. Today, the majority of Adria Airways business is in scheduled flights; its network links Ljubljana with 19 cities throughout Europe and offers excellent connections to South East Europe. Adria Airways offers more than 170 scheduled flights each week to Amsterdam, Brussels, Copenhagen, Frankfurt, Istanbul, London, Manchester, Moscow, Munich, Paris, Podgorica, Prague, Pristina, Sarajevo, Skopje, Tirana, Vienna, Warsaw and Zurich.
With the start of the new summer timetable at the end of March, Adria Airways will fly on five new scheduled routes – from Ljubljana to Prague and Warsaw, from Munich to Lodz, from Tirana to Frankfurt and from Pristina to Malmo.
Adria Airways has been a member of Star Alliance since 2004. In connection with its partners the airline offers access to a global network of flights on 25 airlines, which offer more than than 18,000 daily flights to 1,269 airports in 193 countries.
About Falko
Falko was formed in July 2011 when funds managed by Fortress Investment Group completed the purchase of BAE Systems Asset Management and its associated aircraft portfolio.
Falko has a clear growth strategy and intends to continue to expand the business and grow its portfolio of aircraft and services with particular focus on the regional aircraft market. With offices in Europe, Asia, South America and Australasia, Falko is well positioned to deliver a range of solutions across the globe. For further information visit www.falko.com or follow us on Twitter: Falko_RA
About Bombardier
Bombardier is the world's only manufacturer of both planes and trains. Looking far ahead while delivering today, Bombardier is evolving mobility worldwide by answering the call for more efficient, sustainable and enjoyable transportation everywhere. Our vehicles, services and, most of all, our employees are what make us a global leader in transportation.
Bombardier is headquartered in Montreal, Canada. Our shares are traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (BBD) and we are listed on the Dow Jones Sustainability World and North America Indexes. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, we posted revenues of $18.2 billion. News and information are available at bombardier.com or follow us on Twitter @Bombardier.
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Professionally serving Lawns, Trees and Shrubs in Manhattan, Illinois (60442).
Most Common Grass Types in Manhattan, IL:
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INDEX Page
Every parent knows that raising a child is one of life's most fulfilling challenges. But if your child has a chronic illness, condition, or disability, your role takes on an even greater purpose. You are more than a loving parent; you have become your child's primary health advocate.
Although the emotional price of raising a seriously ill child can be devastating, it's only part of the picture. Even during this difficult time, you have to consider the financial implications of your child's illness. Some parents become overwhelmed by medical expenses or blindsided by unexpected bills and additional fees. Even wealthy and highly responsible families have found themselves on the brink of a financial freefall.
Even so, maintaining your family's financial health is not impossible. With organization and careful planning, you can learn to manage your money during a medical crisis.
Costs of Health CareThe costs of long-term health care can be staggering, and families don't always heed them until they're hit with the first bill or explanation of benefits that they don't understand. "When you're faced with a child with as many medical complications as our son, we were just worried about having him breathe every day and the last thing we thought about were the bills," explains Carol Driver, whose son Dylan has spina bifida.
Some parents may think that insurance will cover all or most of their child's medical expenses or that they can afford their child's care. But each medical service comes with its own price tag, and parents are often shocked to learn that hospital care, surgical procedures, doctor visits, and laboratory tests are separate services with separate bills. "Financially, it was a disaster coming. Her first hospital bill, not including surgery and anesthesia, was $308,000," says Kellie Rollins, whose daughter has a serious disability. Even the typical 10% co-pay can consume a family's financial reserves.
Some parents may overlook costs that are indirectly related to their child's care - costs that can quickly add up. Examples include custom transportation, missed time at work, child care for siblings, increased utility bills, and home renovations, such as ramps for wheelchair accessibility.
There are ways to handle these costs, but you need information to negotiate your way through the health care system.
Understanding the Health Care SystemThe best way to make sense of bills and prevent financial problems is to take a proactive stance. Learn all you can about your health plan.
Just as you want to know as much as possible about your child's health, you should learn as much as you can about your insurance policy. Which doctors participate in your plan? What services are covered? Learn the meaning of insurance language:
Understanding your health plan's design and its policies can ultimately save you thousands of dollars.
You may find it useful to get a written copy of your policy from the insurer. Although you may have an enrollment information book from your employer, the actual policy provides specific details about your coverage.
If your insurance company has a Web site, you should check it out for additional information. For example, Blue Cross/Blue Shield, a major health insurer, has a large glossary of terms and a list of frequently asked questions for their customers.
Policies and bills can be confusing, but help is available. These simple steps can help you avoid problems:
Warning Signs of Financial TroubleFamilies may struggle to meet new expenses, particularly if one parent must stop working to care for a child. Regular monthly bills may be put aside or ignored. Debt begins to grow, and a family that has maintained a comfortable lifestyle can find itself headed for trouble.
If the following questions seem all too familiar, it's time to seek help:
Procrastination can be your worst enemy. Ignoring financial obligations now can lead to even greater problems later, like bankruptcy, loss of assets, and a bad credit record - all of which can affect the entire family. Instead of putting things off, communicate your problem as early as possible to the appropriate person or office.
Negotiating PaymentsIt's vital that you stay in regular contact with the people on the other end of your bills. As soon as possible, call doctors' offices, billing departments, hospital business offices, creditors, and lending institutions to explain the change in your family's situation. Most people are willing to work with you, but they won't know that you need help unless you tell them.
Some offices may ask you to "put it in writing." Most doctors or hospital social workers are happy to write a letter on your behalf, explaining why more time is needed to pay a bill or to appeal an insurance company decision.
Creditors can be lenient - arranging payment schedules, accepting partial payments, and so on - but they need to hear from you. Even if you can only make a portion of a payment, it will show an attempt to keep up your side of the obligation.
Parents who have gone through this process advise that you:
Where to Get HelpFew people get through a catastrophic illness without needing help of some kind. You may find it difficult to put aside your pride and ask for help, but family and friends usually take genuine pleasure in helping out.
Make use of your case manager, particularly in deciphering bills and making sense of paperwork. Remember to update your case manager with new information and stay in frequent contact. Hospital business offices can be valuable too, by interpreting bills, estimating costs, or contacting your insurance company on your behalf.
Compare notes with other families who have dealt with catastrophic health issues. Their efforts may save you time and energy, and many parents appreciate the support of those who have experienced similar problems.
Short- and long-term financial assistance is also available from various sources, including private as well as government agencies. You may be surprised by the services available and the enthusiasm with which others embrace your needs.
Explore these private organizations:
Although not all provide financial aid, they may be able to direct you to other sources and services.
Government organizations can also assist in the medical and related care of your child. You don't need to be at poverty level to qualify; you may, in fact, be eligible for programs you never knew existed. Two such government programs that supplement the health insurance of a chronically or seriously ill child are Medicaid and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). As you research various avenues of assistance, ask your case manager about these and other options.
You can also take advantage of free financial advice and support offered by national agencies like the Consolidated Credit Counseling Service (CCCS). The CCCS provides certified financial counselors who help families examine their financial picture and overcome debt. They can negotiate with creditors on your behalf for lower payments, reduced interest rates, and forgiveness of late charges or penalties. You may choose to enroll in their formal debt management program, in which case you would send one payment per month to the CCCS office, which then prorates and disburses your payments to creditors.
The bottom line, though, is that even as you seek financial assistance, you will need to reduce your expenses.
Reducing Your ExpensesTo ensure financial stability, you must learn to cut your expenses by making lifestyle changes. When you have a sick child, your priorities will shift. Going out to dinner may no longer be in your budget; paying the electric bill has to be.
You may find it helpful to compare monthly costs against your income, then eliminate any expenses that aren't completely necessary. Other tips:
By making a conscious decision to reduce spending, acting early, asking questions, and learning how to find and accept help, you can protect your family's future.
Reviewed by: Steve Dowshen, MDDate reviewed: February 2001


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Asus has just announced the cure for the common 20-something-inch 1080p display: a small TV-sized 31.5-inch monitor with a massive resolution of 3840×2160. Engadget reports that the Asus PQ321 display, which uses IGZO technology to reduce energy usage and thickness, includes DisplayPort and dual-HDMI input, integrated speakers, and an adjustable stand.
Not just any graphics hardware will be able to drive such a high-resolution display, however, and we'd like to clear up some of the misinformation out there that Asus' announcement has prompted. Most midrange and high-end cards from Nvidia's GeForce 600 family and AMD Radeon HD 6000 and 7000 series should support 4K resolutions over HDMI and DisplayPort, at least, owing to their support of HDMI 1.4 and DisplayPort 1.2. Both of these interfaces should provide sufficient bandwidth to drive a 4K display, though in some cases at a refresh rate of only 30Hz rather than the more common 60Hz.
Integrated graphics are a bit more complicated. Intel's current HD 4000 graphics can support 4K output with the most recent graphics drivers, but only on laptops and motherboards with a pair of DisplayPort outputs (a relative rarity in systems that rely on integrated graphics). AMD's Trinity APUs should theoretically be able to push these high-res displays, but AnandTech reports that they support neither 4K video decoding nor 4K video output. As such, you'll likely have to wait for the next generation of integrated GPUs to get good 4K support—the GPUs paired with Intel's Haswell CPUs will offer DisplayPort 1.2 support, and Intel is pushing its 4K prowess hard in its marketing materials.
This time next year, we ought to see 4K monitors (and the hardware and software needed to support them) become more mainstream, but as of right now Asus' TV-turned-monitor is out there on the bleeding edge. This monitor, along with a 39-inch model, will be shown off at Computex next month and is expected to be available in North America toward the end of June. Pricing information is not yet available.


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Mother Cave
Illustrated thoughts
Style: Surrealism
Acrylic on Paper
Dimension: 50 cm x 35 cm
Lázaro Hurtado is an argentinian artist currently living in Buenos Aires, Argentina, were he works . He states than more than an artist, he is a thinker.His work born from the necesity of expressing thoughts and conceptions of the World that surrounds him. The images he offers us project humanistic messages, the nature of mankind, the possible and the ridiculous. He makes comments about reality and the social forces and orders, but at the same time he demostrates a playful face, ironic in some cases. The transcription of inner alchemies into paintings of surrealist character wakes a curiosity in the viewer. The spectators would often find themselves been tickle by the ideas and concepts on reality and human behaviour that he seems to contemplate and rebuilt on his mind. The images you see are the working mechanics of a brain on a mind made world...


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McCloud Railway engine stranded on broken track
Skye Kinkade
About 200 yards south of the railroad crossing at the top of McCloud Avenue, a derailed McCloud Railway engine has been sitting on the little-used tracks for more than a week, according to a resident in the area.
After investigation into current ownership of the McCloud Railway, it was discovered that Railroad Materials Salvage, Inc. has purchased the short line from former owner Jeff Forbis.
Calls made to the company regarding the engine and the fate of the tracks were referred to the company's owner, Michael Williams, who was said to be out of the office for an unknown period of time.


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LCBO VirginiatownNot specified
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Tel.: 705 634-2228Visit Website | LCBO locator | Edit details
The LCBO (Liquor Control Board of Ontario) is an Ontario government enterprise and one of the world's largest buyers and retailers of beverage alcohol. Through more than 650 retail stores, catalogues, special order services and more than 210 agency stores, which provide cost effective, convenient and socially responsible access for rural consumers, the LCBO offers nearly 24,000 products annually to consumers and licensed establishments from more than 80 countries.
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This weekend's decisive defeat of Touch ID is the most poignant reminder yet of the significant limitations of using fingerprints, iris scans, and other physical characteristics to prove our identities to computing devices. As previously reported, a team of German hackers who have long criticized biometrics-based authentication bypassed the new iPhone feature less than 48 hours after its debut.
Many security researchers and writers, yours truly included, predicted that the ability of the high-definition scanner included in the iPhone 5S wouldn't be fooled by attacks using scanned fingerprint smudges to impersonate an already enrolled thumb or finger. It's now clear we were wrong. Hacker Starbug overcame the purported ability of Touch ID to read prints at a sub-epidermal level by using a slightly higher resolution camera to generate a cloned fingerprint. The availability of a laser printer also seemed to help.
Some critics have castigated the technique as too difficult for the average hacker. Others have argued that the hack has little significance in the real world. They cite Apple talking points that the protection of Touch ID represents a significant improvement over what many people have now, since a large percentage of iPhone users currently use no PIN at all to lock their phones. There's some merit in this second argument, since any protection, no matter how flawed, is better than none at all. But as Rob Graham, CEO of penetration testing firm Errata Security makes clear, Starbug's technique is easy for many people to carry out.
"Just because it's too much trouble for you doesn't mean it's too much trouble for a private investigator hired by your former husband," he wrote in an e-mail to Ars. "Or the neighbor's kid. Or an FBI agent. As a kid, I attended science fiction conventions in costume and had latex around the house to get those Vulcan ears to look just right. As a kid, I etched circuit boards. This sort of stuff is easy, easy, easy—you just need to try."
Graham later posted his comments on his blog.
As Ars pointed out last week, there's little we can do to keep our fingerprints and other physical characteristics private. They leak every time we touch a door knob, wine glass, or ATM. And that calls into question whether Touch ID is a truly "secure" way to unlock phones, as Apple's own press release announcing the new feature claimed. That's not to say there aren't things people can do to limit the leakage, though.
Graham is one of the organizers behind istouchidhackedyet, a bounty program that pledged cash bounties to the first person who could override the new feature, which allows people to unlock their iPhones using one or more fingerprints. He told Ars that he's still waiting to see a detailed video that documents the hack from start to finish, but at this point he's satisfied that Starbug has met the requirements for the cash prize. He estimated the amount at about $10,000, after at least one of the people who pledged a bounty reneged on the promise.
As Ars pointed out last week, the security of iPhones would improve dramatically if Apple allowed users to unlock iPhones only after producing a valid PIN and fingerprint. This would make the iPhone a truly two-factor device, and Apple's decision not to provide the option is a missed opportunity. Given Apple's long history of removing clutter from menus and user interfaces, it seems unlikely that this option will ever be available.
For those who continue to use Touch ID, Graham suggested a simple step for minimizing the success of Starbug's attack: use only pinky or ring fingers to unlock your device. He said most prints left on glasses, iPhone screens, and other surfaces are from thumbs and index fingers. Enrolling a pinky or ring finger won't completely foreclose attacks like the one developed by Starbug, but it will require an attacker to work much harder to succeed.


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AbeBooks Seller Since April 30, 1997Quantity: 1
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About this Item
Bibliographic Details
Title: SANSKRIT LOVE LYRICS
Publication Date: 1966
Binding: Hardcover
Dust Jacket Condition: Dust Jacket Included
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Appiah honored for work in racial, ethnic and religious relations
Princeton professor Kwame Anthony Appiah has been awarded Brandeis University's first Joseph B. and Toby Gittler Prize, which recognizes outstanding and lasting contributions to racial, ethnic and religious relations.
The $25,000 prize honors professor Joseph Gittler -- a sociologist who taught at Cardozo Law School at Yeshiva University, Duke University and other institutions -- and his mother, Toby.
Appiah, the Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of Philosophy and the University Center for Human Values, specializes in moral and political philosophy, African and African American studies, and issues of personal and political identity, multiculturalism and nationalism. A Princeton faculty member since 2002, he is the author of numerous award-winning books, including "Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers," "The Ethics of Identity" and "Color Conscious: The Political Morality of Race." His latest book, "Experiments in Ethics," explores how the new empirical moral psychology relates to the age-old project of philosophical ethics.
"Appiah embodies Brandeis' and Professor Gittler's fundamental belief in the importance of freedom, community and justice, and the need for continuous questioning and revision of our moral and ethical beliefs," said Brandeis President Jehuda Reinharz.
Appiah received the prize during an awards ceremony and lecture at Brandeis on Oct. 27.


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Squeeze a small amount of straightening balm into your palms and then rub your hands together before smoothing the product evenly through damp hair.
Using the corner of your comb and standing in front of a mirror find the middle of your nose and then drag the comb straight up slowly until you reach your hairline and then continue back in a straight manner to achieve an even middle part. A middle part is a great way to make small, round face shapes appear longer and thinner.
A medium radial brush is used on medium to long hair types to smooth out wavy or curly hair textures or to add body to straight hair. When selecting a radial brush, always use one with a pure bristle as this will not tear or damage the hair.
Using your brush, blow-dry in small sections starting from the nape/back. Tilting your head forward, place the brush an inch below the roots to hold them taut and aim the dryer above the brush for a few seconds before continuing to the ends.
Using your brush, blow-dry in small sections starting from the sides. Tilting your head forward, place the brush an inch below the roots to hold them taut and aim the dryer above the brush for a few seconds before continuing to the ends. Repeat this step on a new section directly above the dry one.
When blow-drying your bangs forward, clip your hair back leaving only your bangs out. Position your bangs evenly in your brush, taking the hair in a forward direction. Blow-dry from roots to ends, keeping the tension consistent, and evenly distribute heat over the whole section of hair that you are working on. Repeat until the hair is dry. This will stop any frizz that may occur.
When straightening your hair, first make sure that your hair is completely dry. Then, section your hair off starting from the back/nape using a comb. Straighten your hair starting from the roots and working your way down to the ends using your comb as your guide. Make sure not to leave the straightening iron in one spot for more than 3 seconds. For more information about straightening techniques click here.
Apply some wax to your fingertips and then pull through the ends of your hair in a downward motion to achieve a sculptured look. Pinch clumps of hair in different directions for a messier result.
Using a small amount of wax, work it through the mid-lengths and ends in a downward, pinching motion. For added texture, apply more pinching and more wax.
Apply a small amount of wax to your fingertips, and then using your fingers, rake through your bangs pinching the ends as you go to create a feathered, textured effect.
Apply a very small amount of smoothing shine to the palms of your hands and then run it through the mid-lengths and ends of your hair. Be careful not to add any to the roots or a large amount to any section of the hair as smoothing shine can be very heavy on the hair, weighing it down and making it appear oily.
To finish, apply a minimal amount of hairspray from an arms length distance to the top, sides and back. Take care not to use too much or you will end up with a white, flaky residue which looks like dandruff.


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FREE trailer Livin', trailer life, camper van in SVG, PDF, DXF, PNG formats
This Digital product is an INSTANT DOWNLOAD and no Physical items are to be shipped.
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The Return of the King (1980 film)
|The Return of the King
|Arthur Rankin, Jr.
Jules Bass
|J.R.R. Tolkien (original novel)
Romeo Muller (screenplay)
|Arthur Rankin, Jr.
Jules Bass
|Orson Bean
Theodore Bikel
John Huston
Roddy McDowall
|Maury Laws (music)
Jules Bass (lyrics)
|ABC (original transmission)
Warner Bros. (home video)
|May 11, 1980
|98 minutes
|IMDb Profile
The Return of the King (subtitled A Story of the Hobbits) is an animated adaptation of the novel by J.R.R. Tolkien which was produced by Rankin/Bass as a TV special which originally aired on ABC in the U.S. on May 11, 1980. It has since been released on VHS and DVD.
The film was created by the same team which had worked on the 1977 animated version of The Hobbit.
|Orson Bean
|Frodo Baggins, Bilbo Baggins
|Nellie Bellflower
|Theodore Bikel
|William Conrad
|Paul Frees
|Elrond, Whip Orc
|John Huston
|Gandalf the White
|Casey Kasem
|Meriadoc (Merry) Brandybuck
|Roddy McDowall
|Samwise (Sam) Gamgee
|Sonny Melendrez
|Peregrin (Pippin) Took
|Brother Theodore
|Don Messick
|Théoden, The Mouth of Sauron, Easterling
|John Stephenson
|The Witch-king of Angmar, Gondorian Guard
|Glenn Yarbrough
|The Minstrel of Gondor, vocalist
|Thurl Ravenscroft (uncredited)
|ensemble vocalist
NOTE: Due to the fact that Cyril Ritchard, who originally voiced Elrond in The Hobbit, had died not long after completing his voice work for that movie, Paul Frees replaces him in that role this time around.
Because Rankin/Bass had begun production on this movie even before Ralph Bakshi's theatrical adaptation of The Lord of the Rings had been released,[1] they present The Return of the King as a sequel to their 1977 adaptation of The Hobbit — giving the audience a brief recap of the events, and adapting a few story events from The Fellowship of the Ring and The Two Towers while leaving out some major details and literally beginning the movie where its literary counterpart does (apart from its use of a framing device to bookend the movie). The movie's visual style is largely shared with the 1977 The Hobbit. Its plot unfolds as follows:
During the 129th birthday celebration for Bilbo Baggins in Rivendell, Frodo, Bilbo's nephew, tells the story of his quest to destroy the One Ring. Frodo begins his story with Samwise (Sam) Gamgee, his friend and companion, treading through Mordor as Ring-bearer in Frodo's abscence, as he is being held captive there by orcs. During his journey, Sam begins to question his thoughts about claiming the Ring himself, but being humble, he never gives in to the treacherous temptations. In due course, he progresses back to Cirith Ungol to rescue Frodo.
Meanwhile, the wizard Gandalf the White and the hobbit Pippin arrive at Minas Tirith, the capital of the country of Gondor to warn Denethor, the Steward of the Throne, about the upcoming war—only to discover that the Steward has lost his mind by believing the war will be the end of mankind.
Back at Cirith Ungol, Sam rescues Frodo and returns the Ring. The two then continue on to finish their quest at Mount Doom, only to be attacked by their past guide, Gollum. As Sam holds Gollum off, Frodo makes it to the Crack of Doom. But at the Crack, Frodo is finally unable to resist the power of the Ring any longer and claims it for his own. At the same time, Gondor's neighboring country, Rohan, helps it claim victory in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.
After searching for some time for Frodo in Mount Doom, Sam discovers Gollum and an invisible Frodo fighting over the Ring, which results in Gollum biting off Frodo's finger to claim it. While dancing with joy at the retrieval of his "Precious," Gollum loses his footing and falls into the fire, taking the Ring with him. With the destruction of the Ring, Sauron is defeated. Months later, Frodo's friend, Aragorn, is crowned King of Gondor. The film concludes back in the present with Frodo agreeing to accompany Bilbo, Gandalf and Elrond in leaving Middle-Earth. Sam, Merry and Pippin bid them all farewell as they depart across the sea.
- "Prologue: A Ring's Tale"
- "Frodo of the Nine Fingers"
- "Credits"
- "Crossing Into Mordor"
- "The Bearer of the Ring"
- "Samwise the Strong"
- "Less Can Be More"
- "Under Siege"
- "Denethor's Black Vision"
- "The Two Watchers"
- "Great Elf Warrior"
- "Rescuing Frodo"
- "The Power"
- "Team Magic"
- "Weary Fugitives"
- "Vale of Gorgoroth"
- "Where There's a Whip"
- "Enemy at the Gates"
- "Leave Tomorrow Till It Comes"
- "Mount Doom"
- "The Gollum"
- "Théoden Falls"
- "Claimed By the Ring"
- "Éowyn Triumphs"
- "Choice of Evils"
- "End of the Ring"
- "On Eagles' Wings"
- "The Return of the King"
- "Farewells"
- "End Credits"
Reception for the animated TV special is varied. Some commentators view it affectionately as an adaptation which children and parents can enjoy together.[2] However, others regard it with disdain, comparing it unfavorably to Ralph Bakshi's earlier animated film and Peter Jackson's later live-action film.[3][4] Glen Yarbrough's songs are widely derided, although some admit to a campy affection for the surprisingly tuneful Orc marching song "Where There's a Whip, There's a Way" or the ballad "Frodo of the Nine Fingers".[5]
In the absence of an official sequel to Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King has come to be marketed by Warner Bros. as the final part of a loose animated Tolkien trilogy, preceded by The Hobbit. The middle film is very different in tone and character design, however, and the final two films do not join up seamlessly, as both omit various segments from The Two Towers, most notably regarding the events in Shelob's lair and the Ents' march on Isengard. Other omissions in the Rankin/Bass version include the characters of Legolas, Gimli, Arwen, and Saruman entirely, while Éomer and Faramir may have only been given unidentified cameos (the former alongside Théoden in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields and Aragorn during the march to the Black Gate; the latter as the man who accompanies Éowyn on horseback during Aragorn's coronation with whom she exchanges rather knowing looks -- neither character has any lines of dialogue or are ever spoken to, so it cannot be fully confirmed whether or not they were actually even intended to be Éomer and Faramir at all). The entire Army of the Dead arc is cut as well; thus, even Aragorn doesn't have much dialogue or screentime despite being the 'King' of the movie's title.
The animated Return of the King is available on DVD from Warner Bros., both individually and as a "boxed trilogy" with the Rankin/Bass The Hobbit and Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings.
External links[edit]
- The Return of the King (1980 film) at Wikipedia
- The Return of the King at IMDb
- Arthur Rankin Jr. explains why he did not make a complete Lord of the Rings film
|Licensed film adaptations of J.R.R. Tolkien's works
|The Hobbit (1966) · The Hobbit (1977) · The Lord of the Rings (1978) · The Return of the King (1980) · The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) · The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) · The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) · The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012) · The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013) · The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014) · The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim (forthcoming)


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3 Responses to "Sheena Iyengar on the Situation of Choice"
May 30, 2010 at 2:49 pm
[…] Via The Situationist: […]
May 30, 2010 at 6:24 pm
[…] Decision Researcher: Sheena Iyengar on the Situation of Choice – via Situationist – In her new book The Art of Choosing, Columbia University professor [and Situationist friend] Sheena Iyengar, a leading expert on choice, sets herself the task of helping us become better choosers. She asks fascinating questions: Is the desire for choice innate or created by culture? Why do we sometimes choose against our best interests? How much control do we really have over what we choose? Ultimately, she offers unexpected and profound answers, drawn from her award-winning, discipline-spanning research. […]
May 31, 2010 at 12:12 pm
[…] Sheena Iyengar on the Situation of Choice « The Situationist […]


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Guide two brothers on an epic fairy tale journey from visionary Swedish film director, Josef Fares and top-tier developer Starbreeze Studios. Control both brothers at once as you experience co-op play in single player mode, like never before. Solve puzzles, explore the varied locations and fight boss battles, controlling one brother with each thumb stick. This is one journey you will never forget.
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New House Design Plans - Fresh Home Design Ideas | Home Design
New House Design Plans – Find Out the newest ideas of New House Design Plans in Home Design Collection Gallery.
As the homeowner who wants to make his home beautiful, it is your duty to arrange your home in the right way. If you do it the wrong way, then your house would be a fashion flop, and that is not something any prudent homeowner would want to happen. Everyone thinks of his home. While you are young, you have set aside room becomes your world and you're trying to apply it to their individuality, to make it your own private kingdom. Luckily, there many home and house interior and exterior inspiration and ideas, and you can choose one which best complements your house.
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Front Page Today
On the front page of the Devils Lake Journal you will find what's "Coming in print" and what's only found on our website Monday, February 11, 2013.
Look for the "Coming in print" and "only on the web" features on the left rail.
Plus meetings coming up in the Lake Region.
The weather forecast.
And a Reader Callout asking for photos of people having fun in the Lake Region for our Spring and Summer Tourism Guide coming in April.
Also on the front you will find a feature story about a ribbon cutting ceremony to open the four seasons fish cleaning station on Devils Lake, a recap of the Sullys Hill Winter Festival held Saturday, news that has shocked many that the Pope will be resigning later this month, a photo of employees at the Lake Region Corporation celebrating February - Heart Month, what to watch this week in the ND legislature and the latest from the bloggers on our website.


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You will find space battle. You stand on guard calm and peaceful existence of your planet, but then you are attacked, hostile-minded aliens.
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Tuesday, April 07, 2009
Science fiction story
45 comments:
You left out the part where the aliens claim to have created our planet and all life on it, which gives them the right to vaporize us and inhale to fumes to get a buzz.ReplyDelete
I concur, that need to be added.ReplyDelete
I was thinking that it might be kind of cool if an upcoming Transformers movie had the Decepticons revealed as the good guys, fighting for some higher (perhaps inscrutable) ideal, and with humanity's enslavement or extermination as either a necessary evil in the furtherance of the higher good (no, not Megatron) or as an inherently good thing in itself. Sometimes I do have days where I wish that aliens would come and shit-kick us for our own brutality and blithering idiocy, but as Optimus Prime said of his own race: "Were we once so different?"ReplyDelete
By the way, a blogger once asked this: why are the Decepticons called as such, when they're perfectly open about their hostile actions? If anything, it's the Autobots who are doing the deceiving, since they have to hide so that we won't go ape-shit by spotting them.
Finally - and this is more of an interesting anecdote, though it could have some relevance to the topic at hand - H.G. Wells actually wrote War of the Worlds as a sort of critique against imperialism (Steven Spielberg alluded to this in an interview about the remake). We in the West can gain an insight into how indigenous people felt when they were invaded by thinking about how we would feel if we were invaded by technologically superior beings. Even today I think this critique is relevant, with territorial imperialism giving way to military domination and intimidation, financial and economic strangulation, and cultural saturation. The people of Latin America are throwing off the alien from the North. To understand why they'd want to do this, simply consider how you would feel if ET came knocking with less than wonderful intentions and set up a client state. You'd want to throw off the yoke and be free.
Oh, and the aliens need to tell us that they represent the purest of purity and the loviest of love.ReplyDelete
In this story, do we sneeze on them or pour water on them?
It reminds me of that Simpsons episode when Homer goes into space, and TV anchorman Kent Brockman mistakes ordinary ants for giant ants form outer space, and offers his collaboration to enslave the human race (clip here:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Rc3Lm4D12I). It is funny, as I always thought that Brockman looked a bit like a preacher. In any state of invasion, there are collaborators. Which probably explains the existence of fundamentalists.ReplyDelete
I think we transmit a virus to their central computer using Mac OS 7.ReplyDelete
Oh... or we recruit kids to a battle school and then proceed to train them for years, then trick them into commanding an invasion fleet while they believe they are playing a video game.ReplyDelete
I was always partial to the Mac idea because of the utter absurdity of it.ReplyDelete
The way you really handle aliens though is by trapping them in an airlock on your escape pod, then jettison them into space and finally kick on the engines when they are hanging onto the backside of the thrusters.
No no, the right way to handle them is to fly your ship through a magnetic mine field, then fly on a collision course with the alien ship, and swerve out of the way at the last minute so that they fly into the mines trailing behind you.ReplyDelete
Wow Kazim, I'm very impressed by your knowledge of sci-fi trivia. For 10 points, can anyone name he is referring to with the mines? I feel like I might be the only one who knows that reference.ReplyDelete
Kazim, I'm going to sound stupid, but where is that one from? I know I've seen it, I just can't figure it out.ReplyDelete
Or you could just smash the race the atom bomb and the element of surprise because they thought you'd be ignorant sword swinging barbarians and are instead are a race of ignorant tank driving barbarians.
If you can guess where that one is from based on my crappy description, I'll give you a no prize.
AtheistUnderMask, I'd tell you what it's from, but it sounds like Archaneus wants to make a contest of it, so I'll let someone else try first. As a hint, this speaks much more to my knowledge of comedy than sci-fi.ReplyDelete
I don't know your reference, but I'm going to take a wild guess that it's Battlefield Earth?
Let's not forget the classic Twilight Zone episode "To Serve Man". In the memorable words of Lloyd Bochner, "IT'S A COOK BOOK!"ReplyDelete
It would be intersting if an advance alien civilization came to Earth and started seeking converts for their religion. You would probably get quite a few humans converting as long as the requirements weren't all that extensive. Just like the indigenous people who encountered Europeans, they would be thinking "Well, their religion must be true, since they are so much more advanced and powerful than us."
Hey, there IS a movie about this! Guess which one the "Alien man" is: http://headdibs.blogspot.com/2009/04/banana-man-vs-alien-man.htmlReplyDelete
I had to look it up because it was bothering me. I knew I had seen it and now it seems obvious. I will let others guess though.
Oh, don't trouble yourself, I'll do the reveal. It's from Galaxy Quest:ReplyDelete
General Sarris: "You fool! You fail to realize that with your armor gone, my ship will tear through yours like tissue paper!"
Jason Nesmith: "And what you fail to realize is that MY ship is dragging mines!"
Ahh, Galaxy Quest. IMHO, it is the very best Star Trek movie. ;)
Dammit I know this one.... ack what is it... it's on the tip of my brain but my brain wants to say star trek but I that would be to easy. I can almost see the damn scene in my head. They come up with the plan after being hit by one or something right? And of course the spaceship never thinks 'oh gee they have all our bombs following them and now they'll hit us' or something like that... I'm not going to google!ReplyDelete
some one guess it so it stops burning!
I curse you in the name of the Great Bunny who tells me I have to find the answer on my own insteading of Him giving it to me cause that wouldn't be fair.ReplyDelete
Kazim said, "Ahh, Galaxy Quest. IMHO, it is the very best Star Trek movie. ;)"ReplyDelete
You know my first thought was it was a Star Trek movie, but after you said it was a comedy I looked up Galaxy Quest on Wikipedia.
Let's see...have we given up all our weapons before the aliens have come? If so, all we need is a board with a nail in it.ReplyDelete
Reading those comments, I am wondering if all atheists are/were Star Trek fans...ReplyDelete
Reading those comments, I am wondering if all atheists are/were Star Trek fans...ReplyDelete
Well, shouldn't they be? Gene Roddenberry was an atheist.ReplyDelete
Urg, Kazim. Battlefield Earth? I watched that movie with commentary by Mike Nelson, Bill Corbett, and Kevin Murphy and it was just barely watchable even with the MST3K guys.ReplyDelete
No, it's from Harry Turtledove's World War series, where aliens called The Race invade Earth during World War II, thinking we were a bunch of sword swinging barbarians because of images a probe sent back from the year 1200 CE (or around there).
GALAXY QUEST! I knew I've seen that before! That movie was awesome.
If you add a little anal probing you get the Catholic church...ReplyDelete
Goodbye, and thanks for all the fish!ReplyDelete
What I've always wondered is, don't the aliens have anything better to do? If they're that superior to the puny human race with better tech, morals, and everything else, what gain is there in coming all the way across the galaxy here to this little planet way out in the corner of ass just to screw with humanity?ReplyDelete
Substitute God for the aliens and the question still remains in my mind. What makes us so special to warrant that kind of attention?
Pretty petty to get so riled up about such an insignificant blob of beings....
We know that the aliens have interstellar-travel technology, as well as advanced weapons, so presumably they can mine their own asteroids for any minerals they need and not have to schlep them from Earth, and robot factories to build anything they can design.ReplyDelete
So the obvious question is, WTF do they want human slaves for? Is it perhaps a status symbol in their culture to maintain an expensive, unreliable, and fragile work force?
I think we transmit a virus to their central computer using Mac OS 7.
Dan Simmons once did a wonderful deconstruction of the idiocy in "Independence Day" by using an analogy similar to yours.
In his version, the US needs to invade a tiny Pacific atoll for whatever reason. But instead of lobbing cruise missiles over the horizon, they bring in the 7th fleet and land it on the beach of the atoll. To coordinate the attack, they use the islanders' smoke-signal system against them. I think the islanders eventually brought out a WWI-era boat and attacked the admiral's command ship.
@Kazim-I know Roddenberry was, and it certainly shows in the series, although it gets sometimes inconsistent (the Vulcans have a soul, Qs are virtually gods, although not benevolent ones, and didn't the TOS crew met the Gods of Olympus or something?). I was just observing. I wonder if it simply illustrates that most atheists came to atheism through science. I must be an exception, as I came to atheism through literature. Oh, and I grew out of Star Trek ages ago.ReplyDelete
Guillaume: "Oh, and I grew out of Star Trek ages ago."ReplyDelete
Hey, Guillaume!
All this talk of magnetic mines reminds me of the scene from Val Kilmer's 'Top Secret'.ReplyDelete
He throws the lever on the magnetic mine and it drags an entire submarine from the Straits of Gibraltar straight into the lab.
Props for the alien metaphor Kazim. I'll have to use it in the future.
@AmberKatt-Sorry, but I couldn't get through the technobabble, the recycled plots and the inconsistencies anymore. I am not saying that the franchise was (is?) all bad, I still think there were some brilliant episodes, I still appreciate them when I see them on reruns, but I ceased to be a trekkie. Call me an apostate...;-)ReplyDelete
Anyway, back on topic (sort of), anybody else noticed that renonwned atheist sci-fi writers like HG Wells and George Orwell often had their works totally twisted by theists when they get adapted, or simply when their works are used as an argument? Orwell especially receives a terrible treatment: his 1984 was a strong disavow or religion and faith and yet conservative Christians often mention Big Brother or 1984 when they try to picture a Godless society. They fail to see that Oceania is actually a place where God (as Big Brother is a de facto deity) is ever present, worship is the perfect form of repression and moral, ethic or empathy are because of this dead.
I think what most people miss is that Orwell seemingly didn't see the difference between worshiping the martyr Jesus and worshiping the martyred severed head of old major.ReplyDelete
Remember only the guilty have fear of Old Major.
I think sci-fi writers and in some cases fans are more likely to be atheists because they can imagine seemingly fantastic things without a God behind it.ReplyDelete
take Star Trek for instance, since there are entities like Qs or other god like aliens, that puts even MORE doubt on the claims of christ or muhhamid since all of their 'miracles' could have been alien technology or Q pranks.
I know Roddenberry was, and it certainly shows in the series, although it gets sometimes inconsistentReplyDelete
Guillaume, Star Trek TOS had an episode that took place on a planet with a Roman Empire type society with 20th century technology. There were a persecuted group called Children of the Sun, until the end, when Lt. Uhura makes the connection and tells Kirk they're really Children of the Son, in that they are Jesus worshippers, to which Kirk responds by musing rhapsodically, "Imagine, being there when it happened."
@Ing-I agree, but even ST had moments when they felt into the paranormal (a huge mistake when it happened). I am thinking especially of the last episodes of DS9 when Ghul Dukhat freed the Pa Rays (spelling?) using spells/witchcraft. Granted, you could have rationalized it, as they usually do when a phenomenon is seemingly of supernatural nature, but they did not. It was a slap in the face of the whole premisse of Star Trek (and it really bugged me).ReplyDelete
It was the Pah Wraiths. (Think, wraith as in ghost). That is one of the problems of Star Trek. They have the Q-coninuum, which is basically a race of gods, and the prophets, and then dismiss them as just other species from some other dimension.
George Smith wrote that the word supernatural is, by definition, an oxymoron, because, if such powers existed, they would either have a mechanism, or be a law of nature. Either way, they wouldn't be considered "magic".
I think it is interesting because it really raises a question of "So, he's immortal and can do magic...He's still a prick. Why should we worship him?"
DS9's problem is that they portrayed federation employees (with the exception of Sisco), taking that attitude toward the "wormhole aliens", and bajorans treating them as gods. It was as if they were saying "Might makes right for Bajorans", and that's ok. It's just another worldview.
@Thomas-There were some interesting ethical questions raise in ST about all-powerful beings, which are rarely benevolent (even the Prophets were pictured at the beginning as indifferent towards everyone, at best). But nevertheless, the atheist/naturalist atitude St had was messed up big time in the latest seasons of DS9: not only did the Prophets became some kind of benevolent deus ex machina (literally), but Dukhat did use magic/witchcraft to free the Pah Wraiths. They plainly threw in the irrational, probably because it was more convenient plot-wise.ReplyDelete
Which in my opinion is why DS9 failed in its rivalry to Babylon 5. B5 despite having semingly supernatural events and beings...really portayed all of them as natural phenomina. The Vorlons were basically the premise by which all stories of gods came from, telepathy is treated as just a relatively newly discovered natural phenomena, and there's never really any true gods that show up at all...ReplyDelete
The closest was the Halloween episode (written by Neil Gaiman) which was more just a Twilightzone WTF was that, episode than any real statement on the afterlife.
The main conflict also ended with mortals telling the God races to piss off and let them control their own destiny.
@Ing-I did prefer Babylon 5 to DS9 for many reasons, including the one you mentioned. It was also more fun.ReplyDelete
I am such a geek.
B5 was a much better series than DS9.ReplyDelete
My only criticism of DS9 was the stuff about "soul catchers", and the parts where they imply that evolution is a ladder that eventually leads us to evolve into beings of pure energy. Most scifi takes the approach that evolution is basically Santa Clause, (it will eventually give you everything you want). That is about as fallacious as you can get.
Of course, I say that in the same way one can say "I liked Tolkien, but Hobbits aren't real". Suspend disbelief and it is still an excellent series.
"and the parts where they imply that evolution is a ladder that eventually leads us to evolve into beings of pure energy. "ReplyDelete
This always bothered me to. But I and my friends reconciled it with the "fanon" that the Vorlons and future human's "energy forms" are just that they've advanced so much technologically that they've formed symbiotic merging with nanites to give them abilities that appear to be supernatural.
Hence, we saw the Vorlon's true form of the energy dragon cloud as a swarm of airborn nanobots.
So I guess you can say that we reconcile the show with reality and science rather than taking a literal fundamentalist interpretation ;)
Sorry for the double post but had another thought.ReplyDelete
The souls in B5 and other sci-fi fantasy like Buffy or the like, never bothered me as much as the Hollywood evolution since neither show really actually implies that the souls they use are manufactored or created. They're typically treated as a preternatural yet natural (I know contradictory) phenomina that is just part of the universe. They're also never really well defined which I like since it isn't proclaiming any one religion 'right'. B5 souls seem to be just psychic imprints of the person's memories, which interestingly the last episode of season 4 showed could be recreated by a computer simulation. Buffy and Angel seem to just have it as some vague energy that may or may not even be part of the person's identity. The soul in buffy seems to be a semi 'physical' entity yet it works more like the poetic soul. Vampires don't loose their identity they're the same person and still have qualities that might be defined as human, but they have a diminished ability to empathize and moralize (ie lost their soul). Buffy then of course muddies the waters MORE by having things that SHOULD be souless being nice and morally upright folk.
Well, I am a strict scifi fundamentalist. :)
I personally view scifi as fantasy with a different motif. I suppose the Hollywood evolution thing bugs me, because it is a misinterpreted portrayal of a poorly understood scientific concept.
As for the soul catchers, and similar concepts, such as life energy, I suppose I would have suspended disbelief a little further, had the episodes/movies involving them not sucked.
Arbitrary, and inconsistent? Yes, I suppose it is.
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