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Everyone in the household is seemingly well again, so urban homestead boot camp is back in session!
After a garden, when someone mentions "urban homestead" many people think of chickens. To me, chickens are a bit of the country right here in the city. They aren't particularly noisy, they don't take up much space, and it doesn't cost much to feed them (ever heard the expression "chicken feed?").
I have an awful lot to say about backyard chicken keeping. Enough probably to fill a book. It's fun and the eggs are well worth the effort you put in. In order to keep this post from becoming a novel, here are the down and dirty basics of urban chickens. I am, of course, not an expert. We've had chickens for five years now. We've encountered a few problems and we're continually learning as we go. But if you're looking at getting birds for the first time, here are some basic guidelines.
The Rules
First off, are chickens allowed where you live? Check your city ordinances. There are usually stipulations on the number of birds, the size of area required for them and in some municipalities, there may be a permitting process. You can sometime skirt your HOA if they only stipulate the number of "pets" allowed and not what kinds.
Last month, The Crunchy Chicken had a guest post about what to do if your neighbors or HOA is not on board with your backyard flock.
Getting your neighbors on board is pretty important. Luckily, it's a pretty easy thing to do as well. All of our neighbors love our hens. The kids especially. And the promise of fresh eggs are a great way to build some good will between neighbors.
You might be surprised where chickens actually are allowed. Highlands Ranch, here in Colorado, for example is chock-full of HOAs, and they totally allow chickens. So check it out.
This link has lots of city codes listed, but not every city. A Google search will help if it doesn't have your city.
The Birds
For most backyard flocks, you'll want only female chickens. Roosters are loud and crow all day, making it tough to stay on your neighbors' good sides. Plus they're generally not very friendly. Despite the fact that everyone wants to ask you how you plan to get eggs without a rooster, you don't need one. Without a rooster, all your eggs will be unfertilized and you'll get to skip the 4:00 AM wake up calls (and at 11:33, and at 3:28, and at 6PM).
You can start your flock by getting chicks, started pullets, or hens. Chicks are the least expensive, but you will need to raise them indoors under a heat lamp until they have grown all their feathers and can move outside, which will take a few months. Pullets are female chickens that are less than a year old. They will cost you more than chicks but you'll get eggs sooner, since most chickens begin laying around six months old. Or you can buy grown hens that are already laying. They will be the most expensive since someone else has fed and housed them for a year with little benefit of getting eggs. You probably don't want to buy hens that over two years old if you want many eggs though. Their peak laying years are the first two (from age 1-3 years).
You can order chicks in the mail or buy individuals at a feed store or from a local farmer. There is only one site that I know of that will ship chicks in quantities less than 28. We bought our chicks locally, so I can't say how they do this.
Pullets and hens can also be bought from local farms, sometimes on craigslist, or at markets or poultry swaps. Chickens are social, so you'll probably want at least three or four.
There are lots of breeds of chickens. If your climate is cold in the winter, you will want a heavy breed that can keep its self warm. Bantams are miniature chickens and their eggs are about half the size of regular chicken eggs.
The Coop
Your birds need about two square feet apiece inside their hen-house. It needs to have a roost and they'll want a place to lay their eggs. The size, shape and style of your house and coop are limitless. Check out some of these ideas for small backyard coops.
Coops are easy to build yourself if you are the handy type, or small ones can be bought locally or online for a few hundred dollars. We built our coop ourselves and over the last five years have made only some minor modifications. (Though I admit I have a few more in mind for this coming year). I've seen people convert dog houses, old sheds and abandoned campers into chicken coops.
The original construction of our coop looked like this: Coop Construction!
The main things to keep in mind are a place to rest, a place to nest, a place to get shelter and a way to keep predators out. Many people advise using hardware cloth to keep raccoons out. We have been successful with simply using chicken wire, which is much less expensive. Although we've had chickens killed by foxes and raccoons, it was never due to a breach in the security of the coop, only due to the negligence of the chicken owners (we forgot to close the coop at night).
A chicken tractor is like a mini coop on wheels with a run attached that can be used to let your hens graze or catch bugs and then moved to a new spot so that they don't eat the grass down to the dirt. A great idea if you have the room for it. Check out some neat ones here.
The Food
Chicken are omnivores. I always sort of chuckle when I read "vegetarian fed hens" on a carton of eggs. Now that's good in commercial eggs, so that you know those poor birds weren't fed other chickens. But your chickens will certainly not be vegetarians. They will eat bugs and worms, and I've heard they can catch and kill a mouse.
For the bulk of their diet, however, you'll want to feed them something. You can make your own food for them using a mix of grains and seeds. A quick Google search will lend you many guides and recipes. Depending on your resources this might be less expensive than buying pre-made food. For some it is expensive if you're in a big city far from where the grains are grown, and so it is easier to buy the bagged stuff.
Pre-made choices include conventional, organic, medicated, pellets, crumbles, mash and if you're lucky, whole grain. Most backyard flocks don't need medicated feed, even for chicks. These feeds are made for large, commercial flocks, where chickens are kept in too-close quarters and make each other sick. There is no need to dose your flock with antibiotics out of the gate with only three or four or twelve birds.
Pellets, crumbles and mash are different forms of the same feed. The ingredients in the feed are ground up and then pressed into shape before being packaged. The shapes are self descriptive. These are a matter of personal preference since chickens will eat all three. It comes down to what you prefer and how much the birds waste. My birds have always flung feed out of the feeder, but if the feed is pellets, they still get eaten off of the ground. All of these feeds are susceptible to moisture. If they get wet, they will pretty much disintegrate. So store it where it will stay dry, and keep a cover on your feeder if it is outdoors.
Conventional chicken feed is the least expensive but carries the risk of chemical pesticides, fertilizers and GMO ingredients. Since here in the US, they don't label those things on human food, they certainly won't on chicken food. If you want to avoid these (remember, your chicken is making eggs with that food, and you will eat the eggs), you should buy organic. It can be more expensive than conventional feed, unless you can find a local source. We have found a local farm co-op that offers us organic, whole grain layer feed for 43 cents/pound.
Your chickens are great garden disposals as well. They love to eat greens, weeds, kitchen scraps. I've often joked that they are like miniature pigs. The only things I have not seen our hens devour are potato peels and mushrooms. Otherwise, they will pick clean a ham bone as quickly as they will hork down mushy strawberries. They stick their skinny necks through the fence to attack our Swiss chard on a regular basis, and they practically live in the compost pile during the winter.
They will eat eggs. And if you cook them scrambled eggs, that's fine. They don't identify an egg smashed flat on the ground as the same as an egg they just laid (they are not the brightest creatures). But be cautious. If they get a taste for raw eggs, soon they will be plundering their nests and eating more eggs than you.
Crushed eggshells are a good supplement for them to get calcium in their diet (to make strong shells). You can also offer crushed oyster shell, whey, other dairy products and leafy greens. They'll chow down and thank you.
The Work
You know how my site is called The Lazy Homesteader? Well, it's because I really don't like anything that is complicated, hard work, or lots of maintenance. The main work in caring for chickens, I've found, is making sure they have fresh water everyday. They need it replenished often in hot weather and they need the ice chipped off in the cold. So every day, they need water. That I can do, if Rick is helping me. 😉
Their feeder holds enough food for a few days, so I just check it when I'm giving them water to make sure it's not empty yet. And I collect eggs.
Your hens will eventually molt. This is when they lose and regrow feathers and take a break from laying, and typically happens in the winter. The molt is dependent upon hours of daylight, so if you want eggs year round, they need a light in their house to trick their bodies during the winter. We've found that they don't need it to keep warm (admittedly we don't have ice storms here, so I can't speak to that), but their feathers and group body heat seems to do the job. We let them take a natural break from laying and don't provide a light in the winter.
Cleaning the coop is the other main work of keeping chickens. We use a deep litter method and only clean a couple of times a year. We've found this doesn't work that well with straw as the coop bedding. It is great however with leaves or pine shavings. During the first chicken coop tour, everyone remarked on how nice our coop was – that it didn't smell at all. But then one time we decided to try straw. The coop stunk within the week. It was a horrible stinky ammonia smell. And messy. They straw went everywhere. A breeze blew it all over the yard. It was slippery to walk on. We switched back to dried leaves and pine shavings. Later this week, I'll explain the deep littler method in detail. Others do use straw and change their hens bedding daily. Still others use sand. Find what works for you.
That is basically it. This week, I'll cover more chicken keeping things in detail. This is a big topic, and I know this post is pretty general. It may be elementary for old hands, but hopefully it answers some of the questions first timers might have.


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NEW YORK — Users who may have grown frustrated with Facebook's rudimentary search feature are getting an updated version designed to make it easier to find people, places and photos on the site.
Facebook unveiled its social search tool in January, but only made it available to a small fraction of its 1.1 billion users, as its engineers continued to tweak and test it. Over the next few weeks, starting on Monday, the company is rolling out the social search tool, called "Graph Search," to everyone whose language is set to U.S. English.
Unlike searches on Google, which are good for finding specific things like roasted kale recipes or Mizuno running shoes, Facebook's tool is most useful in unearthing information about your social circles. Graph Search lets you find friends who live in San Francisco who are vegan. Friends of friends who live near you and like hiking. Photos of your boyfriend taken before you met him in 2010. Nearby restaurants that your friends like — and so on.
Searching for embarrassment
But soon after Facebook launched the tool, the Internet had a field day with less innocuous and more embarrassing queries, showing just how much information people reveal about themselves on the site, intentionally or not. Care to find out which brand of condoms your friends prefer? Graph Search might tell you.
A blog called actualfacebookgraphsearches.tumblr.com posted a collection of searches ranging from "married people who like prostitutes" to "current employers of people who like racism." Both yielded more than 100 people.
While it is possible that some of those Facebook users are fully aware that what they've shared is easily searchable, it is likely that some are not. It's easy to click "like" on a page and forget about it, and it's even easier to assume that no one will search through your photos from party days at the Burning Man festival five years ago.
Notification planned
To avoid any unpleasantness, Facebook plans to notify users that it's "getting easier for people to find photos and other things you've shared with them" along with a reminder that they can check "who can see my stuff" under their privacy settings.
"The goal is to avoid bad surprises," said Nicky Jackson Colaco, privacy and safety manager at Facebook. But she stressed Facebook's view that the search tool "indexes information differently than we have ever been able to do before, in a really positive way."
It's easier, for example, to find a long-lost classmate with a common name, or to find common interests with friends of friends.
Facebook does not currently show users ads based on what they are searching for, but the company may do in the future. As Google has shown, it's a lucrative business. Research firm eMarketer estimates that Google will take nearly 42 percent of all U.S. digital ad spending this year, well above Facebook's share of less than 7 percent.
With its new search tool, Facebook is clearly trying to divert traffic and ad spending from its rival. Whether this will work will become more clear as more people begin using it.
More about Graph Search:

subset: commoncrawl


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If ever there was a time to enter the Gould Genealogy Family History Through the Alphabet challenge, that time would be now. "H" has arrived.
When my descendants look back at my HISTORY, they will see the letter "H" recurring.
The marriage of Sarah Elizabeth HARMAN and Thomas HADDEN in 1904 brought together two of my "H"'s. They settled in HAMILTON and had a daughter, my nana Linda HENRIETTA HADDEN.
Sarah HARMAN was not the only one in her family to keep her initials after she married. Her sister Ellen married a HANKS and she became Ellen HANKS of HARRIET Street HORSHAM.
HADDEN and HARMAN are two of the four main family names that make up the maternal side of my family.
HAMILTON too, features in my HISTORY. Nana was born there and I was too.
I lived in HAMILTON for 18 years, the town that was formally called the Grange. If that name had remained, my entry in this challenge may have been "G" for Grange, Gamble and the Grampians.
Nana's middle name was HENRIETTA which I used to find quite amusing. Later I learnt that her name came from her great-aunt HENRIETTA HARMAN, an HONOURABLE lady but one, it would seem, with a lonely HEART.
Another "H" which will go down as part of my HISTORY is HALLS GAP in the HEART of the Grampians. Many HOLIDAYS were spent there and, at times, it has been a place I have called HOME.
May my HISTORY also show that I liked HORSES. It was HORSES in HAMILTON, HORSES in HALLS GAP and HORSES on HOLIDAYS in HALLS GAP, HORSES everywhere.
Finally, my HOBBIES include the HISTORY of HADDEN, HALLS GAP, HAMILTON, HARMAN and, of course, HORSES.
So, when I get over my obvious preference for the letters "M" and "R", I can safely say "H" is one of my favourite letters as so much close to my HEART starts with "H"
***Apologies to the HAZELDINE, HICKLETON, HODGINS, HOLMES, HUNT and HURRELL families to whom I also have links.


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"Every single day, someone somewhere makes a gigantic mistake by giving his or her money to a fraudster," says Bart Chilton, one of the commissioners of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Chilton is the author of Ponzimonium: How Scam Artists are Ripping Off America, a shocking new book available from GPO about some of the worst perpetrators of investment fraud in recent U.S. history.
Figure 1: Ponzimonium: How Scam Artists Are Ripping Off America available from GPO.
Ponzimonium looks to the CFTC's own recent public case files stemming from fraud investigations that began with the recent economic downturn- talk about hitting people when they're down! Because of the this, the book is generating a lot of positive buzz in The New York Times, TheStreet, and other media outlets.
The CFTC is an independent Federal agency with the mandate to regulate commodity futures and options markets in the United States. After the financial crisis of 2008, their authority was expanded under the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act to include over-the-counter derivatives markets and hopefully prevent and uncover more of these frauds.
What is a Ponzi scheme, you ask?
The world really learned about Ponzi schemes in December of 2008 when, as Chilton writes in his introduction, "legendary investment guru Bernard Madoff 'made off' with an estimated US$50 billion in what was called the 'Mother of all Ponzi Schemes'." (By the way, an interesting related read is the report about the Investigation of Failure of the Securities and Exchange Commission To Uncover Bernard Madoff's Ponzi Scheme, also available from GPO.)
Unlike pure pyramid schemes in which it is mandatory that a new investor recruit others into the deal in order to receive payments, Ponzi schemes purport to offer investors a "too good to be true" deal by simply handing over their money. However, no real investment is made by the criminal.
Instead, Ponzi schemes, named after 1920's postage stamp speculator-fraudster Charles Ponzi, are scams in which early "investors'—often friends, colleagues, and family members—are asked to invest in a this great "no risk" deal offering unbelievable returns.
Typically, the investor makes an initial investment and then some purported "phantom profits" are paid out by the con artist (really just money from other investors), prompting that investor to assume that his or her money has increased in value—and inspiring the investor to turn over more money to invest and tell others about it. In actuality, the perpetrators pocket the money for themselves.
This splendid infographic from the New York Times explains the concept visually:
Figure 2. Ponzi scheme infographic. Image source: The New York Times 12/21/2008 Week in Review.
Made in Madoff's Image
Ponzimonium introduces some of the lesser known, but equally despicable fraudsters that have been uncovered since 2008 by the CFTC and SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission).
The book lays out the fascinating and dramatic details behind the fraudulent schemes, their smooth-talking masterminds, and their many honest, hard-working victims, who often lose the money they've saved for their kids' college funds, needed health care expenses, or their own retirement as a result of misplaced trust in these criminals.
These stories are so engrossing— at times it felt like I was taking in a marathon of America's Most Wanted or I Almost Got Away with It episodes— I found it hard to decide which of these criminals is the most despicable. Was it Beau Diamond of Diamond Ventures who wiped out his parents' savings along with 200 other clients who invested US$37 million? Or how about Marvin R. Cooper of Billion Coupons, who created a combination Ponzi and pyramid scheme called an affinity fraud, to target and recruit fellow deaf community members in the U.S. and Japan? And there's James Ossie of CRE Capital Corporation (CRE) who bilked investors out of US$25 million, including a desperate father's US$200,000 he invested to fund his young daughter's cancer treatments.
Figure 3. Fraudster Marvin R. Cooper and deaf client. Image source: BusinessInsider.com
The human side behind these frauds makes them all the more compelling… and contemptible.
The best way to avoid getting swindled, advises Chilton, is to "remember what your parents told you when you were little: 'Don't take candy from strangers'", and my personal favorite, "Just because it is on the TV, Internet, etc. doesn't mean it's real!" That's advice you can take to the bank.
Some "don't miss" features of this book
Ponzimonium: How Scam Artists are Ripping Off America includes some very useful features for its readers that make this a valuable resource for any investor.
- Red Flags of Fraud: Includes 20 red flags to look out for when considering an investment.
- Investor Checklist: Detailed list of questions to ask before investing.
- Investors' Bill of Rights: Common sense advice and legal rights for any investor.
- Resources: Useful contact information for victims or witnesses of a fraud.
- Glossary of Fraud Terms: Definitions of legal and financial terms within each story.
- The Loot: Color photos of the criminals' misbegotten gains and lavish lifestyle.
- The Numbers: Calculations of the staggering amounts collected, paid, lost, or stolen, and prison sentences and restitution.
How can you get this Ponzimonium eBook?
- Get it online 24/7 at GPO's Online Bookstore.
- Find it in a library.
About the Author: Michele Bartram is Promotions Manager for GPO's Publication and Information Sales Division and is responsible for online and offline marketing of the US Government Online Bookstore (Bookstore.gpo.gov) and promoting Federal government content to the public. She has been researching identity theft and privacy issues for years, both on the web and in the real world, and is a big fan of more fraud protection for citizens.


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Mother beaten on two occasions for trying to recover her; police refuse to prosecute.
LAHORE, Pakistan, May 6 (CDN) — Muslims who kidnapped and forcibly converted an 18-year-old Christian woman to Islam severely beat her mother on two occasions to discourage her from trying to recover her daughter, lawyers said.
Muhammad Akhter and Muhammad Munir on April 25 broke into the home of 50-year-old widow Fazeelat Bibi while her sons were at work and beat her because they were upset at her continuous demands that they return her daughter Saira, Christian Lawyers Foundation (CLF) leaders told Compass.
CLF President Khalid Gill said that neighbors' calls to the police emergency number went unheeded as the men beat her in Lahore's predominantly Muslim Bostaan Colony.
On April 18 Muhammad Akhter and members of his family had beaten her with clubs and ripped her clothes when the widow, having received a tearful phone call from her kidnapped daughter that day, went to their house to argue for her release.
In Saira's telephone call to her mother, received at the house of Muslim neighbor Musarat Bibi, who is a constable, the young woman was crying as she said that Munir and Akhter were spreading false rumors that she had eloped with Munir, Fazeelat said. She said her daughter told her how Munir, Akhter and Munir's sister Billo Bibi had kidnapped her, stolen the jewelry of her dowry, forced her to convert to Islam and were pressuring her to marry Munir.
At the time she was kidnapped on March 10, Saira was engaged to a young Christian man of Youhanabad, a large Christian slum on the outskirts of Lahore, Fazeelat Bibi said.
"Saira's brothers and I were very joyful because we were about to fix her wedding date," she said.
Previously the radical Muslim family lived next door to the Christian family. On March 10 Munir, who is Akhter's uncle, came to the Christian family's home and told Saira that her mother was ill at her hospital workplace and wanted to see her immediately, Fazeelat Bibi said.
"Then Muhammad Munir deceitfully abducted Saira," she said. "It seemed as if Saira had vanished into thin air. At first my three sons and I sons searched for Saira, but our efforts were futile."
She accused Munir, Akhter and Munir's sister Billo Bibi of kidnapping her daughter. They have continued to threaten to kill her if she persists in trying to recover her daughter, she said. Her daughter, she added, has called her "persistently" from Charrar village saying that she has been kidnapped, forced to convert to Islam and is being pressured to marry Munir against her will.
"This also reveals that Saira has not tied the knot with Munir yet," Gill told Compass.
The distraught mother said she approached Kotlakhpat Police Station Inspector Rana Shafiq seeking help to recover her daughter, but that he flatly refused. The inspector told her the issue could be resolved at the local Bostaan Colony meeting, she said; the rulings of such a meeting of local elders, known as a Punchayat, have the equivalent of court authority in Pakistan.
Fazeelat Bibi said that several such meetings produced no resolution to her daughter's kidnapping, but that while present she heard the false rumor that her daughter had wed Munir. At the meetings she also learned that the Muslim men were keeping Saira at Charrar village outside Lahore.
Fazeelat Bibi told Gill and CLF Secretary Azhar Kaleem said that she was somewhat satisfied to learn at the meetings that her daughter was at least safe, but her relief vanished after the April 18 call from Saira. Her daughter told her that she had tried to escape three times, she said.
Once again the frail, 50-year-old woman sought the help of Inspector Shafiq, and again he refused to help, the CLF leaders said. Gill and Kaleem said that Shafiq was explicitly inclined to favor his fellow Muslims in the case, and that he told her to move to a Christian slum as no one would help her in Bostaan Colony.
Gill, who is also head of the All Pakistan Minorities Alliance in Punjab Province, and CLF Secretary Kaleem said they believe that Akhter, Munir and Billo Bibi had heavily bribed the inspector to keep him from prosecuting the Muslims.
Shafiq declined to respond to Compass calls, and the registrar of the Kotlakhpat police station, Abdul Qayyum, said Shafiq was not available for comment.
Saira was just 2 months old when her father, Pervaiz Masih, died and her mother and three brothers moved from their native Yansonabad village to Lahore in search of a better life, Fazeelat Bibi said. She said that she began working as a sanitary worker at a hospital in order to support them, while her sons began working as day-laborers when they reached their teenage years.
Saira is her only daughter, Fazeelat Bibi said.
Report from Compass Direct News


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Scandal's New Bromance and Lisa Kudrow's Arc Revealed
[Warning: This story contains major spoilers from Thursday's episode of Scandal. Read at your own risk!]
Thursday's episode of Scandal introduced two new duos that should make for great TV: Jake Ballard (Scott Foley) and Huck (Guillermo Diaz) make up the best new bromance, while Mellie (Bellamy Young) and Josie Marcus (Lisa Kudrow) are now apparently enemies, which will make for an interesting campaign season.
Is Scandal's Huckleberry Quinn on the outs?
Let's start with Friends alum Kudrow, who made quite a splash as Josephine Marcus. The democratic congresswoman who has her sights on the White House has choice words for the philandering Fitz (Tony Goldwyn), much to Mellie's annoyance. At a press conference where all the questions are Josie-related, Mellie plays it cool for the cameras, and only makes a snide remark after she exits the room. Unfortunately, a microphone is still on and Mellie's remarks are blasted! Yikes. Cyrus worries the backlash could send female voters fleeing Fitz's camp for the alternative. Thankfully, Cyrus (Jeff Perry) has dug up possible dirt that suggests Josie may have had a child she gave up when she was younger, so we can't wait to see what comes next! (Anyone else wishing the congresswoman was named Regina Falange?)
Meanwhile, Olivia (Kerry Washington) kicks Jake out of her apartment, though he insists that Olivia needs protecting. In denial, she believes her father would never hurt her. Jake then comes face-to-face with Huck, pushing for them to team up to take Rowan (Joe Morton) and B6-13 down. But Huck says it's never been done and tells Jake to leave Olivia alone.
Jake continues to follow Rowan around to get information, overhearing a conversation between Rowan and Cyrus about the Navy pilot that Huck killed. When Jake goes to Olivia with the information he's discovered - that the pilot had an unlisted mission - Huck overhears and starts making connections. He recalls that the man was tattooed with numbers that were for a flight plan that Fitz actually piloted. Could this be Operation Remington? Now, Huck and Jake both present the information to Olivia, who seems intrigued. So what does this mean for Team Juck? (Yup, Huck and Jake have a 'shipper name now)
"We're going to see Huck and Jake use not just collective skills, but their history to try to take out Rowan and B6-13," Foley tells TVGuide.com. "It's really a dark cloud hanging over both their lives preventing them from moving forward. It's a delicate matter because of who Rowan is."
Scandal Postmortem: Jake finally returned! What's next?
"It's such a tricky situation because it's her dad. If it wasn't her dad, we'd kill him a lot easier," adds Diaz, who says Jake and Huck's relationship will take an interesting turn as they learn to trust each other. "They work really well together, but they still have all these problems with each other. They don't want to like each other, but they do. I think the audience is going to like them together."
But the real burning question is what Fitz's relationship to Rowan is, since POTUS stormed into his office in the closing moments of the episode. Does he know that Rowan is Olivia's father? Hit the comments with your thoughts!
Scandal airs Thursdays at 10/9c on ABC.
View original Scandal's New Bromance and Lisa Kudrow's Arc Revealed at TVGuide.com
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Frequently Asked Questions About Carpet
The cost of carpeting a room can vary greatly and will depend on a number of variable factors. First and foremost you will need to identify if you are purchasing wall-to-wall carpeting that will require professional installation, or merely an area rug which does not require professional installation. Typically a full-service wall-to-wall carpet project (one that includes delivery and installation) will include 4 primary price components:
- The cost of the carpet material itself
- The cost of the cushion that goes below the carpet,
- The cost of Labor (delivery, installation and additional services such as furniture moving)
- The cost of transitions, trim or other accent pieces.
The cost of the carpet material will vary depending on the brand of carpet you choose, fiber the carpet is made of, the quality of the carpet construction, the color & style of the carpet, and the warranty covering the carpet.
The cost of the cushion will vary depending on the thickness and weight of the cushion, the quality of the cushion construction, if the cushion has a moisture barrier, and the warranty covering the cushion.
The cost of labor for your project will vary depending on the size and scope of your project. Delivery often varies depending on distance from the Flooring America/Flooring Canada warehouse and the amount of materials required. Installation costs will vary depending on the condition of the sub floor over which the carpet is being installed and the complexity of the installation. The cost of installation may increase if work must be done to prepare the sub-floor to be installed over.
The cost of transitions, trim and other accent pieces will vary depending on which trim products you choose, how many pieces are required, and the complexity of their installation.
One of the many services that separate Flooring America/Flooring Canada from the competition is our complimentary home-measuring service. There are many factors that can influence how much carpet you will need for your space and which product is right for you, so avoid the headache and let us measure and assess your space for free! A professional home-measurement must be conducted by one of our FAFC certified flooring consultants or estimators if you would like us to professionally install the product. This is to ensure we order exactly the right amount of material for our installers to
If you wish to identify how much material you need by yourself you will need to find out the exact width and length of your space in feet and inches. You can use a standard tape measure or a laser measuring device. Multiply the width of your room by the length to determine the total square feet of the room. If your space is not a simple rectangle you will need to measure the length of every wall and break the room into small rectangle shaped sections to make it easier to calculate your square footage. Carpet is typically manufactured in 12 foot rolls and as a result there will often be waste material created by cutting the carpet roll to fit your space. To account for this waste you must order at least 10% more square feet of carpet than the actual size of your room. Typically the more windows, closets, corners and other unique features a room has will require more extra square feet of carpet.


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Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2010 [United States] (ICPSR 34449)
Version Date: Aug 11, 2016 View help for published
Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s)
United States Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Version V1
Alternate Title View help for Alternate Title
Summary View help for Summary
The Juvenile Residential Facility Census (JRFC) collected basic information on facility characteristics, including size, structure, security arrangements, and ownership. It also collected information on the use of bedspace in the facility to indicate whether the facility was experiencing crowding. The JRFC included questions about the type of facility, such as detention center, training school, ranch, or group home. This information was complemented by a series of questions about other residential services provided by the facility, such as independent living, foster care, or other arrangements. In 2010, the JRFC used three modules to collect information on the educational services, substance abuse treatment, and mental health treatment provided to youth in these facilities. While not evaluating the effectiveness or quality of these services, the JRFC gathered important information about the youth the services were directed toward and how the services were provided. The census indicated the use of screenings or tests conducted to determine counseling, education, health, or substance abuse needs, and also examined prominent issues about conditions of confinement, including the restraint of youth and improper absences from the facility. Congress requires the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to report annually on the number of deaths of juveniles in custody; JRFC collected information on such deaths for the one-year period just prior to the census reference date. The census reference date was the fourth Wednesday in October.
Citation View help for Citation
Export Citation:
Funding View help for Funding
Subject Terms View help for Subject Terms
Geographic Coverage View help for Geographic Coverage
Smallest Geographic Unit View help for Smallest Geographic Unit
Restrictions View help for Restrictions
Due to the sensitive nature of the data and to protect respondent confidentiality, the data are restricted from general dissemination. They may only be accessed at the ICPSR Data Enclave in Ann Arbor, MI. Users wishing to view these data must complete an Application for Use of the ICPSR Data Enclave (available for download as part of the documentation for this study), and receive permission to analyze the files before traveling to Ann Arbor. More general information about the Enclave may be found at ICPSR's Enclave Data Web site.
Distributor(s) View help for Distributor(s)
Time Period(s) View help for Time Period(s)
Date of Collection View help for Date of Collection
Data Collection Notes View help for Data Collection Notes
Additional information about the JRFC and other national juvenile corrections data collections sponsored by OJJDP is available from the National Juvenile Corrections Data Resource Guide.
Individual years of data from the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement (CJRP) and Juvenile Residential Facility Census (JRFC), a complement to the CJRP data, are available through enclave access. Users interested in utilizing the enclave data must complete an Application for Use of the ICPSR Data Enclave. Additional data in the CJRP Series, JRFC Series, and the Matched CJRP/JRFC Series are available through the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data's Restricted Survey Documentation and Analysis (RSDA) system. Users interested in accessing these data through NACJD's RSDA system can apply online for access via the ICPSR restricted data contract portal which can be accessed from the study homepage.
Study Purpose View help for Study Purpose
The purpose of the Juvenile Residential Facility Census (JRFC) is to provide a detailed understanding of the facilities holding juveniles in custody across the United States. The JRFC offers information about the environments in which youth under 21 are held as part of a multilayered effort by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to describe both the youth placed in residential facilities and the environments of these facilities. The JRFC is a companion effort to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement (CJRP), which collects information from the same facilities that meet JRFC inclusion criteria. The JRFC was administered for the first time in 2000 by the United States Bureau of the Census for the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP).
Study Design View help for Study Design
The JRFC is designed to provide facility-level information for all facilities meeting certain inclusion criteria on the census reference date (see "Sampling" below). The questionnaire collects information about general facility characteristics; treatment policies, procedures, and services; events and incidents in the past 30 dates; deaths in the past year; and spaces or services shared with other facilities (see "Description of Variables" below).
The JRFC is administered by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Facility representatives receive mail questionnaires shortly before the survey reference date; beginning with the 2010 JRFC, an online version of the survey is also available. A small number of facilities meeting census inclusion criteria decline to complete sections of the survey or fail to return the census forms after repeated notification and phone contact from Census Bureau personnel; these facilities are designated non-respondents. Other facilities may be unable to provide all the information necessary to complete the survey. In cases where facilities are unable or unwilling to complete all survey items, the Census Bureau uses complete records to impute missing data.
Sample View help for Sample
The inclusion criteria for facilities in the census were: the facility must house persons under the age of 21 who were charged with or adjudicated for an offense, and were present in the facility on the reference date because of that offense. JRFC did not capture data on adult prisons or jails, nor did it include facilities that are used exclusively for mental health or substance abuse treatment or for dependent children.
Time Method View help for Time Method
Universe View help for Universe
Juvenile residential facilities in the United States holding at least one juvenile for an offense on the census reference date in 2010.
Unit(s) of Observation View help for Unit(s) of Observation
Data Source View help for Data Source
United States Bureau of the Census questionnaires
Data Type(s) View help for Data Type(s)
Mode of Data Collection View help for Mode of Data Collection
Description of Variables View help for Description of Variables
The 2010 JRFC (n=2,519; 509 variables) collects information on various aspects of residential facilities.
Section 1 of the survey form collects general facility information, including:
- location (state),
- facility population disaggregated by age and offense status (total, under 21, 21 or older, assigned a bed because of an offense, assigned a bed for other reasons),
- physical layout (e.g. presence of separate buildings or separate living/sleeping units),
- facility type (e.g. detention center, group home/halfway house, runaway and homeless shelter),
- treatment provided (e.g. mental health treatment, substance abuse treatment),
- owner and operator sector (private non-profit, for-profit, government) and, for government-owned or -operated facilities, level (tribal, federal, state, county, municipal),
- security features (e.g. locked internal or external doors or gates), and
- sleeping arrangements (occupants per sleeping room, number of standard and makeshift beds).
Section 2 describes mental health policies, procedures, and services provided inside or outside the facility.
Section 3 describes education policies, procedures, and services.
Section 4 describes substances abuse policies, procedures, and services.
Section 5 of the survey form relates to events in the 30 days prior to the census reference date, including unauthorized departures, transportation to an emergency room, and young persons placed in physical restraints or in isolation.
Section 6 of the survey form gathers information about any deaths in the past year.
Section 7 of the survey form describes space shared with other facilities.
Response Rates View help for Response Rates
Using the number of in-scope facilities as a base (i.e., able to hold juveniles overnight and held juveniles on the reference date), the JRFC facility response rate was 91.5 percent in 2010.Hide
Original Release Date View help for Original Release Date
Version History View help for Version History
- United States Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2010 [United States]. ICPSR34449-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2012-11-13. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34449.v1
2016-08-11 Updated documentation and data files; additional detail added to metadata fields.
2014-01-09 User Guide was updated. Application for Use of the ICPSR Data Enclave was added to the collection.
2012-11-13 ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:
- Created variable labels and/or value labels.
- Standardized missing values.
- Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.
The public-use data files in this collection are available for access by the general public. Access does not require affiliation with an ICPSR member institution.