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Fedora 16 Installation Guide
Installing the Official AMD driver
There are two methods to get the Official AMD driver installed on Fedora. The first is by running the amd-driver-installer package supplied by amd.com. This method is covered in the section "Official AMD Driver Package from Amd.com". The second is to use the rpm packages supplied by the rpm fusion repos. This method is covered in the section "Pre-built packages from RPMFusion".
The sections titled Amd-driver-installer Compilation Problems on x86_64 Fedora 16 and Amd-driver-installer Compilation Problems on i686 Fedora 16 are subject to being resolved by Catalyst updates and therefore may not be relevant to installations after Catalyst version 12.4.
The Amd-driver-installer from Amd.com will work best in most cases if there is no xorg.conf file present before you begin the installation process. Move any existing xorg.conf files out of the /etc/X11 directory before installation.
You will need at least version 11.11 (or greater) of the ATI driver for Fedora 16, earlier versions will not work with the version of Xorg that F16 ships with.
For Catalyst 12.5 or above, a Radeon HD5000 series (or greater) is required. Radeon HD 2000/3000/4000 series GPU's will not be recognized by 12.5 Catalyst and above.
Amd-driver-installer Compilation Problems on x86_64 Fedora 16
Note: This section applies directly to users using the Official amd-driver-installer package downloaded from amd.com
Due to an upstream sourcecode change in the Fedora kernel-headers package, building of AMD's fglrx module will currently fail with kernels 3.2.9-2.fc16 and later. If you are getting the following error in your /usr/share/ati/fgrlx-install.log:
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/3.3.0-4.fc16.x86_64' CC [M] /lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/2.6.x/firegl_public.o CC [M] /lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/2.6.x/kcl_acpi.o In file included from /usr/src/kernels/3.3.0-4.fc16.x86_64/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h:575:0, from include/asm-generic/termios.h:51, from /usr/src/kernels/3.3.0-4.fc16.x86_64/arch/x86/include/asm/termios.h:1, from include/linux/termios.h:5, from include/linux/tty.h:41, from include/linux/vt_kern.h:11, from /lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/2.6.x/kcl_acpi.c:35: /usr/src/kernels/3.3.0-4.fc16.x86_64/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h: In function 'copy_from_user': /usr/src/kernels/3.3.0-4.fc16.x86_64/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h:57:7: error: called object '2' is not a function make[2]: *** [/lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/2.6.x/kcl_acpi.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [_module_/lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/2.6.x] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/3.3.0-4.fc16.x86_64' make: *** [kmod_build] Error 2 build failed with return value 2 [Error] Kernel Module : Failed to compile kernel module - please consult readme.
Then this procedure is confirmed to work on 64 bit Fedora 16.
Open the file /usr/src/kernels/`uname -r`/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h in a text editor.
On line 56 and 57 you will see:
else WARN(1, "Buffer overflow detected!\n");
Comment this out so it reads:
// else // WARN(1, "Buffer overflow detected!\n");
After saving this edit, if you have previously run amd-driver-installer unsuccessfully, you will need to run /usr/share/ati/fgrlx-uninstall.sh to reset the system to previous starting conditions. Now follow the procedure in the section below titled "Official AMD Driver Package from Amd.com".
Amd-driver-installer Compilation Problems on i686 Fedora 16
Note: This section applies directly to users using the Official amd-driver-installer package downloaded from amd.com
The following is a procedure that has been confirmed to work with i686 Fedora users. If you are getting the following message in your /usr/share/ati/fglrx-install.log:
[Message] Kernel Module : Found kernel module build environment, generating kernel module now. AMD kernel module generator version 2.1 doing Makefile based build for kernel 2.6.x and higher rm -rf *.c *.h *.o *.ko *.a .??* *.symvers make -C /lib/modules/3.2.9-1.fc16.i686/build SUBDIRS=/lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/2.6.x modules make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/3.2.9-1.fc16.i686' CC [M] /lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/2.6.x/firegl_public.o /lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/2.6.x/firegl_public.c: In function 'KCL_fpu_begin': /lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/2.6.x/firegl_public.c:5804:28: error: 'TS_USEDFPU' undeclared (first use in this function) /lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/2.6.x/firegl_public.c:5804:28: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in make[2]: *** [/lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/2.6.x/firegl_public.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [_module_/lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/2.6.x] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/3.2.9-1.fc16.i686' make: *** [kmod_build] Error 2 build failed with return value 2 [Error] Kernel Module : Failed to compile kernel module - please consult readme. [Reboot] Kernel Module : dracut
Then the following procedure should work for you.
Procedure is as follows:
1) Extract amd-driver-installer into subdir. Example:
chmod 700 amd-driver-installer-12-2-x86.x86_64.run ./amd-driver-installer-12-2-x86.x86_64.run --extract fglrx-12.2
2) cd into directory containing firegl_public.c. i.e.,
cd fglrx-12.2/common/lib/modules/fglrx/build_mod/
3) In that dir, open a text editor, copy the following code and save to a file named "fglrx.patch":
fixed fgrlx compilation error on 32-bit x86 arch with kernel 3.3-rc4 due to commit: https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f94edacf998516ac9d849f7bc6949a703977a7f3 later modified (in 3.3-rc5) by commit: https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/7e16838d94b566a17b65231073d179bc04d590c8#diff-1 and finally backported to kernel 3.2.8. Signed-off-by: Gianluca Gennari <firstname.lastname@example.com> --- firegl_public.c | 6 ++++++ 1 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) diff --git a/firegl_public.c b/firegl_public.c index 6e0aa82..cb9e217 100644 --- a/firegl_public.c +++ b/firegl_public.c @@ -5797,10 +5797,16 @@ void ATI_API_CALL KCL_fpu_begin(void) #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 kernel_fpu_begin(); #else +#ifndef TS_USEDFPU + preempt_disable(); + if (__thread_has_fpu(current)) + __save_init_fpu(current); +#else struct thread_info *cur_task = current_thread_info(); preempt_disable(); if (cur_task->status & TS_USEDFPU) __save_init_fpu(cur_task->task); +#endif else clts(); #endif -- 220.127.116.11
4) Run the patch on firegl_public.c :
su- patch -p1 < ./fglrx.patch
5) At this point, if you have previously run amd-driver-installer unsuccessfully, you need to return the system to it's starting state by running /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh. Then, make sure you follow the directives in the section below titled "Installation Prep for Amd-Driver-Installer". After you have completed that checklist, you can now run ati-installer.sh from the extraction subdir (in this case "fglrx-12.2") using the following command line:
su - /bin/sh ./ati-installer.sh 8.95 --install
From here you should have a successful Fglrx installation.
- Reference: http://phoronix.com/forums/showthread.php?68922-Patch-to-compile-fgrlx-module-on-Linux-3-3-rc4-with-x86-32-bit-arch
Multiple Monitor Setups
If you have an existing multiple monitor setup, move your existing xorg.conf to a safe place. Let amd-driver-installer generate a fresh working xorg.conf file for you based on what it probes from EDID monitor info. If you are having difficulties after generating a new xorg.conf, use your old xorg.conf as a reference and transfer sections of that file as needed to the new one.
Here are some resources for those having difficulty getting their multiple monitors running:
- http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Xorg_RandR_1.2
- http://wiki.debian.org/XStrikeForce/HowToRandR12
- aticonfig --help
- One of the Ubuntu guides on this Wiki.
- AMD's own Catalyst documentation
If you need to start with a clean slate and all your monitors are connected, you can force a fresh xorg.conf to be generated taking into account the monitors present:
su - aticonfig --initial -f
Pre-built packages from RPMFusion
Note: This section does not apply to users using the Official amd-driver-installer package downloaded from amd.com
This is easier than manually building the driver from AMD as you don't need to worry about passing kernel options via GRUB2, configuring DKMS, rebuilding the kernel module every time you do a kernel upgrade, or cleaning up any mess if you want to remove the driver.
Clean up previous Offical AMD driver installation
If you're coming from the Official AMD driver to RPMFusion's AMD driver, you'll need to reinstall the mesa-libGL package as the Official AMD driver installation changes files it contains.
su - yum reinstall mesa-libGL
Other issues before install driver
On Acer Aspire 722 (A0722) with Radeon HD 6290 (and i suppose on other machines with the same card) you must disable SELinux or the follow error will occured :
SELinux is preventing gnome-session-c from execmod access on the file /usr/lib/dri/fglrx_dri.so. For complete SELinux messages run sealert -l <SELinux alert id>
To disable SELinux open /etc/selinux/config file as root and set SELINUX to disabled (SELINUX=disabled).
After that driver will work as expected.
Note: Disabling SELinux is not a very good idea. It's better to just modify the policy, by running these two commands (as root):
semanage fcontext -a -t textrel_shlib_t '/usr/lib/dri/fglrx_dri.so' restorecon -v '/usr/lib/dri/fglrx_dri.so'
direct rendering : Yes ... OpenGL vendor string : Advanced Microd Devices Inc. OpenGL render string : AMD Radeon HD 6290 Graphics ...
Setup RPMFusion
There are instructions on http://www.rpmfusion.org/ but this should do it.
su - rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm
Install Catalyst driver packages
This procedure is the same for 32-bit and 64-bit, yum will automatically install the correct driver and libs for your architecture.
su - yum install akmod-catalyst xorg-x11-drv-catalyst xorg-x11-drv-catalyst-libs
32-bit Libraries on 64-bit OS
If you want to play 32-bit games on a 64-bit Fedora installation, you will need to install the 32-bit libraries in addition to the above step.
su - yum install xorg-x11-drv-catalyst-libs.i686
Kernel module packages
Note that there are individual kmod-catalyst- packages in RPMFusion which supply kernel modules for specific Fedora kernel versions. If you use these and you upgrade the kernel without upgrading the kmod-catalyst- package, loading the proprietary driver will fail and you'll revert back to the Free radeon graphics driver. Sometimes there is a day or so between Fedora upgrading their kernel and RPMFusion building a new kmod-catalyst- package.
The akmod-catalyst package we installed above automatically builds a new kernel module at boot-time when the kernel is upgraded, so you'll never have to worry about this.
Official AMD Driver Package from Amd.com
Note: This section applies directly to users using the Official amd-driver-installer package downloaded from amd.com
Installation Prep for Amd-Driver-Installer
The script from AMD builds the kernel module and a set of modules for XOrg. The Official AMD installer requires some development packages to be installed:
su - yum install kernel-devel kernel-headers gcc gcc-c++
There can be only one copy of kernel-devel and it needs to match the running kernel. Same applies to kernel-headers. "Yum update" will always ensure that there's one latest copy of kernel-headers, but it does not do that for kernel-devel, so you need to look at that yourself. The running kernel should be the latest one available on the update repos. Check your current kernel version with:
uname -a
Check all installed kernel packages with
su - rpm -qa | grep kernel
Remove any kernel-devel packages which do not match the latest installed kernel version. Example:
su - rpm -ev --nodeps kernel-devel-3.2.9-1.fc16.x86_64
Note we are careful to specify the exact package name that was given to us by the rpm command above.
Boot into the latest kernel before continuing. Building the module on a kernel which you don't have -devel packages for will fail. Building the module on one kernel then booting into another will result in the compiled module not working.
Most users that are installing the Official Amd-driver-installer are looking for maximum performance with direct rendering and OpenGL performance. Amd-driver-installer requires that Mesa libraries be in place before it's installed, as it replaces some of those libraries. Therefore if you are a Crossover or Wine user, the mesa lib set will need to be in place before you run the installer. The following is a working example pulled from a known-good Fedora 16 x86_64 platform running Crossover:
su - yum install mesa-dri-filesystem.i686 mesa-libGL.x86_64 mesa-dri-drivers.x86_64 mesa-libGL.i686 mesa-dri-filesystem.x86_64 mesa-libEGL.x86_64 mesa-dri-drivers.i686 mesa-libGLU.x86_64
Note that Crossover and Wine are 32 bit and therefore require i686 mesa libs in conjunction with the 64 bit versions.
From here, you should be ready to run the Official Amd-driver-installer.
Download driver
Download the driver for your particular card from http://support.amd.com/
It will look similar to: amd-driver-installer-XX-X-XXX.XXX_XX.run.
Install driver
Run the file as root in the sh shell.
su - chmod 700 amd-driver-installer-XX-X-XXX.XXX_XX.run sh ./amd-driver-installer-XX-X-XXX.XXX_XX.run
Select the default install, do not generate distribution packages.
Confirming Installation
Check the build install log:
tail /usr/share/ati/fglrx-install.log
You should see data confirming the module build worked:
build succeeded with return value 0 duplicating results into driver repository... done.
Uninstalling Official AMD driver
Run AMD's uninstall script:
su - sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh
The following steps are not strictly required because the amd-driver-installer is written to put all files back as they were before the install. One set of files that amd-driver-installer alters is the mesa library set. To be sure of a mint-condition installation (especially if you are upgrading to the next Official driver version) reinstall the following package:
su - yum reinstall mesa-libGL
For those running Wine or Crossover from Codeweavers.com, the following command will reinstall all the mesa libraries that (should) be on your system. This example is for users running Wine/Crossover on a 64 bit system:
su - yum reinstall mesa-dri-filesystem.i686 mesa-libGL.x86_64 mesa-dri-drivers.x86_64 mesa-libGL.i686 mesa-dri-filesystem.x86_64 mesa-libEGL.x86_64 mesa-dri-drivers.i686 mesa-libGLU.x86_64
At this point you should be prepped to start a new amd-driver-installer session to get the latest Fglrx version.
In the event you install the driver and are greeted with a blank screen or corrupted video signal when starting X, you are able to manually disable the Free Software radeon driver to troubleshoot.
There are two methods to disable radeon module. The first is a two-step process and the other approach is listed below.
Approach #1:
1) Edit the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf and add radeon to the list.
2) Run the following:
su - /sbin/new-kernel-pkg --package kernel --mkinitrd --dracut --depmod --install $(uname -r)
That's it. This will generate a new initramfs that does not have radeon built in. This method has the advantage of not affecting kernel mode setting as well as not needing any grub edits. On the next boot, the radeon module should be gone. You can now reboot to console and execute steps in section above titled "Official AMD Driver Package from Amd.com"
Approach #2:
Turn your system off and on again. On the GRUB boot screen, press e to edit the default boot entry, scroll down to the kernel line (which begins linux), then press e again to edit the line.
Add the entries radeon.modeset=0 blacklist=radeon to the end. For example, if your kernel line is
linux /vmlinuz-3.2.9-1.fc16.x86_64 LANG=en_US.UTF-8
we'll want to edit it so it is
linux /vmlinuz-3.2.9-1.fc16.x86_64 LANG=en_US.UTF-8 radeon.modeset=0 rdblacklist=radeon blacklist=radeon
These entries do the following:
- radeon.modeset=0 disables "Kernel Mode Settting" for the Free Software driver (ie: the driver telling the kernel to setup the screen resolution, instead of XOrg doing it)
- rdblacklist=radeon blacklist=radeon stops the kernel from loading the Free Software radeon driver altogether
From here you can manually remove and reinstall the proprietary drivers, either with yum or with PackageKit's Add/Remove Software application, as desired.


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Please read this entire section! Now you can build your dream gun using our online store. Just add the custom work you would like to your shopping cart,and proceed to checkout. If you decide not to order at this time, your items will remain in your cart for a period of 5 days. In the checkout process, you will be prompted to enter a deposit code. That deposit code will reflect the amount due for the deposit. This is the deposit on the work that will generate a work order in our shop. If you would like to mail in a check, you may do so in the checkout process by selecting the "pay by check" option. Then when prompted to print the order, just print the order and mail in with your check. Printing your order will delete the items from your shopping cart.
Please do not ship your firearm. We will call for your firearm when we are ready to build it. This way you can still be shooting your firearm while you are waiting. Our shop will send for your firearm when we are ready for it and instruct you on the shipment process.
Please see main custom pistolsmithing page for backlog time. Once we have your firearm, the turnaround time is approximately 8 weeks for the completion of the custom work. If you order special finishes, you can expect an additional delay of 6 to 8 weeks, simply because we send your firearm to the finishing specialists for the services.
We will do a complete mechanical evaluation of your firearm before we start any work. If we find a problem that needs to be corrected, we will call you with an explanation of the problem and the cost to correct it. If you decide you do not want to continue with the custom work after the evaluation, there will be a charge plus return shipping, for the evaluation service.
Please do not order custom work with any other product from the web site. You will need to add the discount code CSTM, during the checkout process for the 50% deposit on your custom work. We need the custom work to come in on its own order for processing purposes.

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Vintage Harlequin & Clown Postcard
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Creative Exploration in Words and Pictures
Designer, and other useful things.
A hub for learning about tattoo history
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What's New, Interesting, Historic, or the Best in Design from Atlanta to Savannah and way beyond.
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the art of decolonization
wine wasted on the young and thrifty.
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Discovering Your Ancestors - One Gene at a Time
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Millennial. Blogger. Happy soul.
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Misadventures From Around the Globe


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If I hosted an awards show for my blog, the ten 2011 posts that I would give an award to would be pretty hard to pick. My blogging grew a lot this year. I went from barely writing in January to really getting committed in April. We had a lot going on, from crazy experiments to having a baby and getting the house organized. So in a miss-mash of ten categories, here are the results from 2011 on this here blog.
Best DIY post: DIY Pallet Compost Bin – lots of hits on this one, all year. I think I took great photos and I'm happy with the bins.
The most practical post: How to Peel an Acorn Squash – Who knew this was a universally tough squash for people to peel?
The most shared post: Occupy Denver – I'm a little surprised at this one.
Post with the most comments: 20 Weeks: The Boys Closet – Cleaned! – Apparently, I'm not the only mom trying to keep their kids' stuff organized!
Post that was hardest for me to push the "Publish" button on: Conquering Fears: Homeschooling, Josie and Postpartum Depression
Biggest epiphany of the year: Garden Layout and Crop Rotation – Duh!
The most popular post of all-time: Handmade Halloween – Garden Gnome Tutorial pulled ahead this year in October, beating out the former all-time most popular post since 2009, Thrifty Thursday: DIY Garden Gate.
The most overlooked post of 2011: it's a tie between Photo Friday: Putting in the Bees and Thursday Tip: Tomato Tags. I got hardly any hits on either one. The bee photos were just plain cool, and I thought the tip about zip-tying tags to tomato cages was brilliant. It worked great this year, by the way.
The 2011 post I'm most proud of: Unplugging the Fridge: Cost vs. Inconvenience and Project Review – Some of the math gets fuzzy before I suss it out properly in the comments. But bottom line is, without a fridge, we're saving about 30% on our electricity bill, give or take.
The most popular post of 2011: Gardening and Culture: Are Food Gardens Just for the Poor?
Which posts did you like best? Rick liked all the ones where I talked about cutting down the tree – but that saga was just too long to get an award from me. 😉
What are you hoping to see more of here in 2012? Chickens? Bees? Canning? Gardening? The kids (Mom)? Recipes? Organizing? Crazy Experiments? Anything you want me to cut down on (I make no promises on the crazy)?
Have a safe and happy holiday ringing in 2012!


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Twitter sets $17 to $20 per share range for IPO
NEW YORK (AP) — Twitter has set a price range of $17 to $20 per share for its initial public offering and says it could raise as much as $1.6 billion in the process. The pricing is relatively conservative considering that Twitter is poised to pull off the year's hottest IPO.
Twitter Inc. said in a regulatory filing Thursday that it will put forth 70 million shares in the offering. If all the shares are sold, the underwriters can buy another 10.5 million shares.
At the $20 share price, Twitter's market value would be around $12.5 billion, roughly one-tenth of Facebook's current valuation. Twitter's value is based on 625.2 million outstanding shares expected after the offering, including restricted stock units and stock options.
The San Francisco-based short-messaging service plans to list its stock under the ticker symbol "TWTR" on the New York Stock Exchange. The shares will likely start trading in early November. Twitter will begin its IPO "roadshow" as early as Friday, meeting with prospective investors to pitch its stock.
The company's valuation is conservative. Some analysts had expected the figure to be as high as $20 billion. Back in August Twitter priced some of its employee stock options at $20.62, based on an appraisal by an investment firm.
Other publicly traded companies in the $12 billion range include tool maker Stanley Black & Decker and pharmaceutical company Forest Laboratories. LinkedIn Corp., meanwhile, stands around $27 billion based on its closing stock price Thursday.
Twitter's caution suggests that the company learned from Facebook's rocky initial public offering last year. Rather than set expectations too high, Twitter is playing it safe and will very likely raise its price range closer to the IPO, and thus fuel demand.
Facebook's IPO was marred by technical glitches on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange in May of 2012. As a result, the Securities and Exchange Commission fined Nasdaq $10 million, the largest ever levied against an exchange. Those problems likely led Twitter to the NYSE.
Last week, Twitter disclosed that it lost $65 million in the third quarter, three times as much as in the same period a year earlier. It was the company's biggest quarterly loss since 2010. Founded in 2006, Twitter has never posted a profit, but its revenue is growing. Revenue for the latest quarter more than doubled from the same period last year, to nearly $169 million.
The IPO has been long expected. The company has been adding to its arsenal of advertising products and working to boost ad revenue in preparation. Still, it's ad revenue is small compared with Facebook. Twitter says it has more than 230 million monthly users, compared with Facebook's roughly 1.2 billion.
A big part of Twitter's appeal is in its simplicity and public nature. Users can send short messages that consist of up to 140 characters. Anyone can "follow" anyone else, but the relationship doesn't have to be reciprocal, which makes the service especially attractive for celebrities and companies that use Twitter to communicate directly with fans and customers.
AP Technology Writer Michael Liedtke contributed to this story from San Francisco.


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Rutabagas and Swine Flu Recovery Cupcakes
December 9, 2009 at 5:44 pm 41 comments
When it comes to subjects that interest me, like writing and photography, I have a strong sense of perseverance. If I'm lacking creativity, my mind like a cloudless sky, I'll sit there until an idea forms. I'll look around my room for inspiration for an essay, or do whatever it takes to capture a certain photo – whether that means laying in the soil and ruining my clothes, or snapping shots the whole afternoon. But when it comes to manual labor? It's not natural for me to be motivated, and I have to concentrate hard on being dedicated.
It's not that I can't contribute, or don't want to help. It's just hard to convince myself to tough it out, especially if it's cold or I'm feeling tired. Two years ago we decided to remodel our backyard, all on our own. We lifted up all the sod, carried in large slabs of stone, and sifted through the gravel and dirt like human colanders. I helped, but not very enthusiastically. I complained more than I should have, and my motivation wore out far before my physical strength.
Still, in spite of all that, I do like to try new things, and I am always excited for exposure to new experiences. So when I had the opportunity to visit Jubilee Farm with my classmates, I agreed, even though it would mean waking up early and completing farm chores in the morning. I left my house that day at 8 AM, wearing four layers and some rubber boots.
Frost seemed to form on my eyelashes on the drive to the farm, it was so cold. I traveled further and further from the city, and soon gray office complexes and fast food joints were replaced by stripped, leafless trees barely discernible through the fog. I passed grazing cows in icy pastures, small houses trimmed with Christmas lights, and a steely-blue river. There was a beautiful simplicity about the small town I passed through, and I drank in the country scenery as the car warmed up. When I pulled up next to a large white barn with the words "Jubilee Farm" cheerily painted in green, I felt ready to be a farmer for an afternoon.
But the moment I stepped out of the car, the blustery wind swept through my jacket and under my sweater. My nose started to run and my fingers blushed blue. As my classmates and I shivered in our boots, waiting for the tour to begin, any desire I had to do some physical labor flickered like a candle, and then blew out completely. I just wanted to be warm again.
It took an effort to walk towards the barn, and I had no idea what kind of work I'd be asked to do. I told myself, resolutely, that I would do my best to be a good-spirited and helpful guest at the farm, even though I wanted nothing more than a cup of cocoa and a blanket.
We met the man who runs Jubilee Farm, E-. He had an easy smile and a youthful attitude, and I was surprised to learn that he'd been farming for over 20 years. Jubilee Farm is organic and nearly 100% sustainable, a rarity in many places these days. E- described Jubilee Farm's "this much, not more" policy, rather than the "more, more, more" motto of some agricultural businesses.
His voice made his love for his work tangible, and his excitement gripped me as strongly as the cold. I could see that he farms not for financial gain, but for a satisfaction that money simply cannot provide. E- was passionate and well-spoken, citing quotes from philosophers, farmers, and social activists from memory to explain his outlooks.
After a quick tour of Jubilee Farm's cropland and cow pen, it was time for us to get to work. I joined a group that walked down to Jubilee's vegetable patch, located right next to E's own home and underneath a vast gray sky. We pulled on work gloves and were asked to help harvest and prepare rutabagas. The leafy green tops of the rutabagas stuck out of the ground in neat rows, and E's wife showed us how to pull the stems up like a mandrake, revealing a round white vegetable underneath. Though I wore gloves, my hands felt numb as I reached for the first one.
The biggest rutabaga we harvested that day. Photo credit: Rosaline Zhang, my friend/classmate. (Check out her cool "go green" blog! She just published a great post about Jubilee Farm that goes more in-depth on E's sustainable farming and the farming lifestyle we learned about.)
Rutabaga – even the word itself has a roundness to it, a heaviness. I closed my fingers around a plant, and ice seeped through my gloves. With a surprisingly strong grasp, I yanked the rutabaga up with a pop. I was filled with a curious satisfaction as I held it in my hand, knowing that I had pulled it from the earth – beautiful, delicious, organic nourishment. I set it down and returned where I left off, eager to unearth another.
Before I knew it, the hour was up. I had grown so warm that I'd shed my outermost rain coat and fleece zip-up. I uprooted the last rutabaga and breathed deeply, exhaling little warm wisps of air. The sun had finally come through, and though my cheeks were rosy and my gloves soaked through with freezing icewater, I hadn't stopped working.
Although I think I'm ultimately a city person, there is such a charm about the country. At Jubilee Farm, I felt like I could keep going on for hours. It wasn't just that I had warmed up and moved easily, or that my friends were there working alongside me. Instead, using my muscles and the land effectively provided a sense of contentment. For once, it felt good to use my hands. My head seemed clearer, my mood lighter. I felt like I'd accomplished something in the past hour, and with new eyes I swiveled my head to gaze at the postcard-scenery all around me.
I thought about the farm again while I pulled up photographs of these cupcakes I made for my friend T-. The swine flu is going around my school, and I made these for her when she got better. It wasn't the swine flu that reminded me of the farm, but the pigs. Jubilee has animals in addition to rutabagas, as part of their completely sustainable vision. I piped out each pig the night before T-'s return to school. Baking, after all, is the type of "hard work" that I always have patience for. :)
I think my head was in the clouds when I made these cupcakes. I had to go to the store three separate times throughout the night because I'd forgotten ingredients. I know the cashier recognized me each time I had to go back, because I was wearing these unusual lime green boots (the ones my dad hates) and all three times, her eyes followed my feet out the door. Really embarrassing. Plus, something went wrong, though I don't know what, and all the cupcakes sank in the middle.
I really wanted to have the cupcakes for T-'s first day back in school, so I went ahead and frosted them with my favorite buttercream, dyed pink. After the frosting, they were pretty cute, and they tasted pretty delicious too. The cupcake was moist and had a good chocolate flavor, and the buttercream is always smooth as marble and perfectly sweet. I created the pigs using just one piping tip, and they turned out so adorable.
When I set the cupcakes down at the lunch table and said, "Swine flu," everyone began giggling, but these would also be great for birthday parties or anytime you need a pick-me-up. :)
Swine Flu Recovery Chocolate Cupcakes
Adapted from Gourmet
Makes 3 dozen standard cupcakes
3 oz semi-sweet chocolate, finely chopped
1 1/2 cups hot brewed coffee
3 cups sugar
2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
1 1/2 cups unsweetened cocoa powder (not Dutch process)
2 teaspoons baking soda
3/4 teaspoon baking powder
1 1/4 teaspoons salt
3 large eggs
3/4 cup vegetable oil
1 1/2 cups well-shaken buttermilk
3/4 teaspoon vanilla
Preheat the oven to 300 degrees F and line 36 cupcake tins with paper liners.
Combine the hot coffee and chopped chocolate. Let it stand, stirring occasionally, until the chocolate is melted and the mixture is smooth.
Sift together the sugar, flour, cocoa powder, baking soda, baking powder, and salt in a large bowl and set aside. In an electric mixer, beat the eggs until lemon-yellow and thickened, about 3 minutes. Slowly pour in the oil, buttermilk, vanilla, and melted chocolate mixture, beating until well combined. Add sugar and beat on medium speed until just combined.
Fill the cupcake tins 2/3 full and bake 17-23 minutes. Cool completely on a wire rack before frosting.
Making Swine Flu Recovery Cupcakes: Once cupcakes are cooled, make a buttercream of your choice (I made my favorite buttercream) and use a few drops of food coloring to dye it pink. (You could probably use something natural, too, like beet juice, some kind of puree, etc. You could also add fruit or some pink flavoring, I just stuck with vanilla.)
Fill a piping bag fitted with a 1/4″ tip. Pipe a ring of frosting around the edges of the cupcake, then fill it with a single layer of frosting. Use a small offset spatula to smooth it – you're left with the pig's "face." Pipe a large circle or oval near the bottom of the cupcake and use the spatula to smooth it out, this is the pig's nose. At the top of the cupcake, pipe two dots while dragging the tip up – this creates two triangular ears.
I used black icing gel to form the eyes and nostrils. You could also use melted chocolate, small candies, or mini chocolate chips.
Printer Friendly Version – Swine Flu Recovery Cupcakes
Entry filed under: Cake/Cupcakes. Tags: buttercream, cake, chocolate, cupcakes, fun celebration cakes, meringue.
41 Comments Add your own
Those cupcakes are adorable!
Awww…these cupcakes are so cute!
I'm the complete opposite to you- I'm anything but creative, I'd much rather physically do something! Your photos are so good!
The green boots are goofy, they look like boot slippers, but the ones I hate are the red rubber ones with white polka dots….I call you Morton Salt girl!
Those are soo cute! Thats cool that you went and helped at a farm, I'm sure it was very educational. and I also find myself having a hard time doing manual labor too.
Such a beautiful farm! I love the idea of going to one with school – what class was it for?
Gorgeous cupcakes, and how thoughtful to make them for your friend's recovery! Good luck avoiding it yourself!
Your piggy cupcakes are adorable! I am sure your friend got a good laught at them *after* recovering from swine flu!
Another wonderful post! Thank you so much for sharing your experience at the farm.
Lauren – The class was Environmental Science. We were learning about farming methods and pesticides, so this was a great field trip :)
Very cool! We don't have that class, but I'm sure it would be fun =D. I really enjoy the sciences (taking all 3), so its interesting to see what others do in other countries!
How absolutely adorable, Elissa! I have a similar dedication to cooking/blogging/photography and reluctance to do manual labor or brave the cold. But, as you describe, it is wonderful the sense of accomplishment you feel when working with your hands and being outdoors.
So cute! Love these cupcakes. Also – those farm photos are absolutely gorgeous!
Love the idea! My mom would freak about these, she loves anything pink or piggy!
These are so cute…although I still can't get past your cold war brownies. They are on my Bucket List of things that I MUST eat.
Those look amazing – cute for a not-so-cute sickness!
You really made me smile with these adorable and amusing cupcakes.
Beautiful pictures!!!!!!!!!!! I love the country and you captured the feeling of openness and tranquility. The piggies also captured my attention. They are delightfully pink. I love pink and these little fellows are cuties. I can see that they would instantly be the life of the party. I must also say that you look radiant out there in the country. As always, thanks again for sharing your life with us.
Those cucpakes are so, so cute! I want to try them now…I feel like everyone in my school would go nuts for them. Thanks for posting the link to the buttercream recipe; the only other time I've tried making some, it was horrible, but I'm looking forward to making it now because of the promising recipe.
aaww the cupcakes are so cute!! thanks for sharing :)
What beautiful photography in this post. Really nice job!
I was sick the day after T- even though it wasn't swine flu. She saved me one because she is fantabulous and it was delicious. *love*
These are the cutest cupcakes EVER!!!!!
Those have got to be the cutest cupcakes I have ever seen. You have great ideas!
<3 Lisa Anne
Elissa, I can't believe I didn't see this post sooner! What happened to all my time? I used to check your blog every couple of days :( But I swear, I'll work my way back to #2 fan status!
… and I'm most certainly #1 fan of these swine cupcakes. (cute name, too!) I squeed when I saw them – although by the time I'd gotten back to the lunch table, there were only five left! (and one by the time I got home, which I saved for Juli)
Adorable and delicious! I'm so glad you took photos. (and the farm work looks like fun, too! I wish I'd been there!)
This is the cutest cupcake I have ever seen. My mom is born in the year of the pig, so I can make her these for her birthday. I love to bake, but each time I try it just dosent come out right but I do exactly what it says to do in the cook book. Once I tried to mkae choclate chip cookies but I tried to make them soft bake but they came out hard as rock….any advice on how to make them soft?
Growing up on Vashon Island I love rutabagas, as my Dad liked them. We peeled them and then grated them, steamed them and added butter, salt and pepper. Still a favorite. Another is where I take rutabaga, turnip, parsnips, carrots and red potato and slice then thin and layer each in a casserole dish, drizzle with melted butter and bake until tender.
An aunt in Michigan told me about you and as I was reading through your blogs- this swine flu one really caught my eye. For the past two months my husband has been coping with swine flu related coughs, ect. I was very curious to see what you would write for this! From my own baking experience, I have found the best chocolate cake recipes include a "boost" of flavor from coffee, espresso powder…or even my favorite- porter. It is really great to hear your enthusiasm. Keep enjoying pastry arts!
kkkk os porquinhos ficaram fofos….
[…] Flu Recovery Chocolate Cupcakes from 17 and Baking Sweet Potato Cupcakes with Toasted Marshmallow Frosting from Annie's […]
Hi, I first read your blog back in the fall when I was looking for fall recipes for my upcoming book. I would love to include several of you recipes and surrounding stories, primarily those about the Fall and Harvest and the Holidays through New Year's. My writing partner and I are slated to be published in August and would love to hear from you. Our first official draft after a year of rewrites is due the end of January. Please be in touch. Your recipes and stories would be in very good company and your name will stay with everything you submit. Your accompanying photos are really lovely, by the way. Monica
Could I not use the coffee? My family dosnt drink coffee so could i make this without it?
nice cupcakes!
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I'm brand new to operating a blog but I do write in my journal evvery day.
I'd like to start a blog so I can easily share my experience and feelings online.
Please let mme know if you have any kind of ideas or tips for brand new aspiring bloggers.
Appreciate it!
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PPP Loan details for BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC.
|Loan Amount
|Current Approved Amount
|Loan Tenure
|60 months
|Loan Approved on
|Area Code
|SBA Code
|NAICS Code
|Lender Bank
|Commerce Bank
|Lender Bank City
|Lender Bank State
Demographic details for BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC.
|Not Hispanic or Latino
|Female Owned
|Non Profit
|Business Age
|Existing or more than 2 years old
|Jobs Reported
How BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. Claims To Have Used Their PPP Funds of 452317.5 USD
As we have discussed earlier, BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. received a substantial amount of money through the SBA program. But have they used it correctly? Let's analyze.
1BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. claims to have spent 452317.5 USD to pay salaries of 55 employees.
2BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. claims to have have been honest, ethical and deserving of this PPP Loan (3573348500) of 452317.5 USD.
3BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. claims to not have misused the PPP Loan in any ways.
These amounts were reported to the SBA by the company. Often, however, whistleblowers & employees reveal that their employers have abused their funds. If you think BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. has done something nefarious, then report them here using the review box at the bottom of the page.
What Constitutes A PPP Loan Scam?
The primary goal of PPP loans was to help businesses survive the pandemic and ensure that people don't lose their employment. Businesses who took out these loans could spend the borrowed sum on:
- Salaries, bonuses, commissions, wages (maximum $100,000 per annum per employee)
- Insurance premiums
- Employee allowances (sick leaves, medical, parental, and vacation pay)
- Operational expenditure
- Utility payments
- Mortgage interest payments
Federal authorities are aggressively targeting individuals and companies for PPP loan fraud. Launched in March 2020 in response to the economic uncertainty that was triggered by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the PPP made hundreds of millions of dollars in federal funding available to businesses struggling as a result of the pandemic. Loans issued under the PPP carry a 1% interest rate, but the loans are completely forgivable if certain conditions are met.
The low-cost (and potentially free) funds offered under the PPP have proven to be attractive not only to struggling businesses, but also to larger companies and scam artists. This has led to worry of widespread fraud (and a few highly-publicized cases of fraudulent PPP loan applications), and it has forced numerous federal agencies to turn their attention to combatting PPP loan fraud.
Penalties For Abusing Or Wasting The PPP Funds:
When a person is charged with PPP loan scam charges, they can face multiple civil and criminal penalties. Even a single PPP loan fraud case might involve multiple criminal laws.
You can face a penalty of up to 20 years behind bars.
- The first charge would be wire fraud. It invokes 18 USC Sec. 1343 and involves the use of a phone or internet to scam another party by using false statements.
- Bank fraud charges might also be filed against you. It invokes 18 USC Sec. 1344 and involves making false statements to a financial institution such as a bank. The penalty for this charge goes up to 30 years behind bars.
- A PPP loan fraud also includes making false statements to a financial institution, a federal crime. It invokes 18 USC Sec. 1014 and its violation leads to a jail 14 of up to 30 years.
- Finally, when you commit a PPP loan scam, you violate 18 USC Sec. 1349, conspiracy to commit fraud. It is a criminal offense when someone colludes with others in violating or attempting to violate federal laws whether they obtained money or not.
The above are just two instances of people getting caught by the authorities for this scam. Here's another:
Frequently Asked Questions About PPP Loan Scam
Did BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. get a PPP loan?
Yes. BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. applied and was granted a PPP loan
How much PPP Loan did BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. receive?
Where is BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. located?
BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. is located in Saint Charles,MO
How much did BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC.'s PPP loan went towards paying salaries?
As per BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC., 452312.5 USD went towards payroll proceeds
Which bank financed BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC.'s PPP Loan?
Commerce Bank in KANSAS CITY,MO financed BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC.'s PPP Loan
What is the term for BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC.'s PPP loan?
How many employees were reported by BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. in their PPP loan application?
How much of BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC.'s PPP loan was forgiven?
454315.24 USD was forgiven on 08-12-2021
Footnotes and Citations
All information displayed on this page is publicly available information under PPP loan guidelines, in compliance with 5 U.S.C. § 552 (Freedom of Information Act) and 5 U.S.C. § 552a (the Privacy Act) and is published unmodified, as provided by the SBA. IsItaScam.com does not modify the data and makes no claims regarding its accuracy, nor will entertain any request to remove any entry.
The inclusion of a person or entity in the IIAS Database is not intended to suggest or imply that they have engaged in illegal or improper conduct related to PPP Loan (scam). IIAS intends to offer a platform where suspicious activities related to PPP loan can be shared and discussed in a secure environment. Please contact us if you find an error in the database.
Relevant links, resources and news –
What BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC.'s Employees and Consumers can do to report potential PPP Scam?
There is no record of BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. committing any sort of PPP Scam reported anywhere. However, that can change quickly, and this page allows employees, citizens and consumers to share information on BOGEY HILLS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB INC. they are privy to, and expose any/all wrongdoings.
The views and opinions expressed in these articles are those of the source IsItaScam.com and do not necessarily reflect the official position of 'The Skeptic Files,' which shall not be held liable for any inaccuracies presented. The information provided within this article is for general informational purposes only. While we try to keep the information up-to-date and correct, there are no representations or warranties, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability of the information in this article for any purpose.
This article is syndicated automatically through a third-party agency from IsItaScam.com.
To view the original article at IsItaScam.com, you can visit https://www.isitascam.com/mo/bogey-hills-golf-country-club-inc-2/.


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The general theory of relativity is a remarkably successful model for gravity. However, many of the best tests for it don't push its limits: they measure phenomena where gravity is relatively weak. Some alternative theories predict different behavior in areas subject to very strong gravity, like near the surface of a pulsar—the compact, rapidly rotating remnant of a massive star (also called a neutron star). For that reason, astronomers are very interested in finding a pulsar paired with another high-mass object. One such system has now provided an especially sensitive test of strong gravity.
The system is a binary consisting of a high-mass pulsar and a bright white dwarf locked in mutual orbit with a period of about 2.5 hours. Using optical and radio observations, John Antoniadis and colleagues measured its properties as it spirals toward merger by emitting gravitational radiation. After monitoring the system for a number of orbits, the researchers determined its behavior is in complete agreement with general relativity to a high level of precision.
The binary system was first detected in a survey of pulsars by the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). The pulsar in the system, memorably labeled PSR J0348+0432, emits radio pulses about once every 39 milliseconds (0.039 seconds). Fluctuations in the pulsar's output indicated that it is in a binary system, though its companion lacked radio emissions. However, the GBT's measurements were precise enough to pinpoint its location in the sky, which enabled the researchers to find the system in the archives of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). They determined the companion object was a particularly bright white dwarf, the remnant of the core of a star similar to our Sun. It and the pulsar are locked in a mutual orbit about 2.46 hours in length.
Following up with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile, the astronomers built up enough data to model the system. Pulsars are extremely dense, packing a star's worth of mass into a sphere roughly 10 kilometers in radius—far too small to see directly. White dwarfs are less extreme, but they still involve stellar masses in a volume roughly equivalent to Earth's. That means the objects in the PSR J0348+0432 system can orbit much closer to each other than stars could—as little as 0.5 percent of the average Earth-Sun separation, or 1.2 times the Sun's radius.
The pulsar itself was interesting because of its relatively high mass: about 2.0 times that of the Sun (most observed pulsars are about 1.4 times more massive). Unlike more mundane objects, pulsar size doesn't grow with mass; according to some models, a higher mass pulsar may actually be smaller than one with lower mass. As a result, the gravity at the surface of PSR J0348+0432 is far more intense than at a lower-mass counterpart, providing a laboratory for testing general relativity (GR). The gravitational intensity near PSR J0348+0432 is about twice that of other pulsars in binary systems, creating a more extreme environment than previously measured.
According to GR, a binary emits gravitational waves that carry energy away from the system, causing the size of the orbit to shrink. For most binaries, the effect is small, but for compact systems like the one containing PSR J0348+0432, it is measurable. The first such system was found by Russel Hulse and Joseph Taylor; its discovery won the two astronomers the Nobel Prize.
The shrinking of the orbit results in a decrease in the orbital period as the two objects revolve around each other more quickly. In this case, the researchers measured the effect by studying the change in the spectrum of light emitted by the white dwarf, as well as fluctuations in the emissions from the pulsar. (This study also helped demonstrate the two objects were in mutual orbit, rather than being coincidentally in the same part of the sky.)
To test agreement with GR, physicists established a set of observable quantities. These include the rate of orbit decrease (which is a reflection of the energy loss to gravitational radiation) and something called the Shapiro delay. The latter phenomenon occurs because light emitted from the pulsar must travel through the intense gravitational field of the pulsar when exiting the system. This effect depends on the relative orientation of the pulsar to us, but alternative models also predict different observable results.
In the case of the PSR J0348+0432 system, the change in orbital period and the Shapiro delay agreed with the predictions of GR, placing strong constraints on alternative theories. The researchers were also able to rule out energy loss from other, non-gravitational sources (rotation or electromagnetic phenomena). If the system continues as models predict, the white dwarf and pulsar will merge in about 400 million years—we don't know what the product of that merger will be, so astronomers are undoubtedly marking their calendars now.
The results are of potential use for the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and other ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. These instruments are sensitive to the final death spiral of binaries like the one containing PSR J0348+0432. The current detection and observation strategies involve "templates," or theoretical models of the gravitational wave signal from binaries. All information about the behavior of close pulsar binaries helps gravitational-wave astronomers refine those templates, which should improve the chances of detection.
Of course, no theory can be "proven right" by experiment or observation—data provides evidence in support of or against the predictions of a particular model. However, the PSR J0348+0432 binary results placed stringent constraints on any alternative model to GR in the strong-gravity regime. (Certain other alternative models focus on altering gravity on large scales to explain dark energy and the acceleration expansion of the Universe.) Based on this new data, only theories that agree with GR to high precision are still standing—leaving general relativity the continuing champion theory of gravity.
Science, 2013. DOI: 10.1126/science.1233232 (About DOIs).


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In the 1970s, I visited a Western District drovers' camp with my father. I remember the weathered stockmen, their battered caravan, and wiry dogs. It was not uncommon in those days to drive up behind a mob of sheep being slowly moved along the grassy roadsides.
Then, drovers moved stock to find feed when grass was scarce, but in the early years of settlement, the only way to get stock to and from market or from the ports was to use a drover. Known for their hard-drinking and foul mouths they were often away for months at a time.
My ggg grandfather James Bishop was of those hardy breeds. He herded cattle from Adelaide to the Western District and moved sheep for the local stations for around 30 years.
Jim was born in Dorset in about 1825. I am still to find how he came to Australia, but I first catch up with him in this country when he married Sarah Hughes on October 26, 1852, at Adelaide. They had one child in Adelaide, Mary Elizabeth, but she died aged two.
James and Sarah then moved to Ararat, where James tried his luck on the goldfields. Charles was born in 1856 in Ararat, followed by my gg-grandmother Elizabeth on September 12, 1857. Her birth certificate shows James' occupation as a miner. James and Sarah had one more child at Ararat, George in 1859.
Not long after, the Bishops moved back to South Australia with two children born in Mt Gambier. Peter Fraser mentions in Early Byaduk Settlers that James Bishop went to Byaduk around 1865. This is backed by the birth of Mary Bishop at nearby Macarthur in 1865. In 1870, Jim selected 16 acres of land at Warrabkook between Byaduk and Macarthur. Robert, Louisa, and Alice were born at Macarthur, and William was born at Byaduk.
Mary Elizabeth – Born: 1853 Adelaide, SA. Died: 1855 Thebarton, SA
Charles – Born: 1856 Ararat, Victoria. Died: 1916 Macarthur, Victoria; Married: Sarah DANCER
Elizabeth– Born: 1857 Ararat, Victoria. Died: 1890 Byaduk, Victoria; Married: Reuben James HARMAN
George – Born: 1859 Ararat, Victoria. Died: ?; Married: Mary HUGHES
Harriet – Born: 1860 Mt Gambier, SA. Died: 1922 Merino, Victoria; Married: James ELSTON 1882
Ellen– Born: 1862 Mt Gambier, SA. Died: 1931 Byaduk, Victoria; Married: Frederick Watson HINDES 1885 Married: Abraham CLARKE 1905
Mary– Born: 1865 Macarthur, Victoria. Died: 1889 Byaduk, Victoria
Robert– Born: 1867 Macarthur, Victoria. Died: 1945 Port Fairy, Victoria; Married: Edith HARMAN 1901
Louisa – Born: 1870 Macarthur, Victoria. Died: 1915 Strathmerton, Victoria; Married: Jonathan Thomas REEVES 1892
Alice – Born: 1872 Macarthur, Victoria. Died: 1894 Byaduk, Victoria
William James – Born 1874 Byaduk, Victoria. Died: ?
Peter Fraser tells of Jim droving cattle overland to the Adelaide market and I have found several references to Jim's droving in The Argus. "Pastoral Intelligence" notes in The Argus updated readers on the weather, crops, and stock movements, among other things. Jim is mentioned on August 4, 1890, droving fat cattle from Muntham, between Coleraine and Casterton to Warrnambool. The same article mentions the weather as being very cold with constant heavy rain over the previous 24 hours. Tough conditions for a drover of any age, but at 65 Jim must have found it incredibly tough.
A month after the Argus article, Jim's eldest daughter Lizzie (Elizabeth) died of consumption (TB) aged just 33. Only a year before, daughter Mary also died at age 24. Of 11 children born, Jim had lost three of his daughters. Also, his wife of 33 years, Sarah, died in 1885 at only 51 years. Another daughter, Alice, died before Jim's own death.
Jim just kept droving. In October 1892, he was moving cattle from the property of the Powers at Byaduk to Framlingham near Warrnambool this time in humid conditions. Two months later he was moving heifers during a cold December.
The last article I find about Jim is on February 15, 1893. He had taken horses from William Melville's Weerangourt station at Byaduk through to Ballarat.
Jim died just two years later in 1895 at Hamilton, aged 70, leaving behind four sons and three daughters.


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[An interesting post outlining how food and jewelry interact in the Torah, by a friend and faithful blog reader from Israel. CS]
This week's Torah portion – Vayeshev – kicks off one of the most exciting stories in the TaNa"CH, the story of Joseph. What many don't know is that much of it revolves around food and jewelry. The food: Joseph's first dream, 11 sheaves of wheat bowing to Joseph's proud bundle. Everything goes south from there. The jewelry: Pharaoh takes off his ring and gives it to Joseph. Everything goes up from there.
But then another food wave comes and brings us down again. The Israelites, living in Goshen in Egypt, are exempt from paying the food tax instituted by Pharaoh at the end of Genesis. They are, after all, Joseph's family. (Uh oh…) The next Pharaoh avenges this by making the Jews build his grain storage cities by force. Slavery begins.
Jewish history takes another upswing with jewelry, as we literally empty Egypt of every precious metal stone. We are rich beyond our wildest dreams…only to then use it all on a golden calf.
Jewelry takes another turn around when we build the Tabernacle (Mishkan) to Hashem instead, but comes down again at food when complaints stream in about the lack of meat.
The cycle between jewelry and food is indeed an interesting one, with more waves that follow, both up and down, ever repeating. The key is to use them both correctly, in a kosher way and in tune with the Divine purpose for our lives.
Rafi Farber
Senior Marketing Manager, Zoara.com


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Do one thing, and do it well
In our first installment, we wrote several programs that really did nothing more than illustrate a concept. Let's turn the complexity up a notch and compose a program that actually solves a problem. The problem we are tasked with: given the high temperature of the past three days, compute the average and standard deviation.
To do this, we are going to need to implement an algorithm, the programming equivalent to a set of directions. It gives the major steps that one must take in order to solve a problem, but the details of how are left up to the programmer who implements the algorithm. For our problem at hand, we could write out our algorithm as follows:
- Read in three values
- Compute the sum of these values
- Compute the average by dividing the sum by 3.
- Figure out how far each value is from the average.
- Add the square of the distances obtained in step four
- Take the square root of the value in step five
- Divide by the square root of 3
So, let us set out to implement our remedial algorithm in MHF:
PROGRAM weatherStation NUMBER temperature1 # tell the computer that we're going to need NUMBER temperature2 # space set aside for the three temperatures NUMBER temperature3 # plus space for the average and standard NUMBER averageTemp # deviation results NUMBER stddevTemp NUMBER sum, sqDist1, sqDist2, sqDist3 # we can define multiple # variables of the same type # on one line READ temperature1 # interface with someone or something READ temperature2 # to get our three temperature readings READ temperature3 # algorithm step 1 # algorithm step 2 sum = temperature1 + temperature2 + temperature3 # algorithm step 3 averageTemp = sum / 3.0 # steps 4 and half of 5 from the algorithm sqDist1 = (temperature1 - averageTemp)^2 sqDist2 = (temperature2 - averageTemp)^2 sqDist3 = (temperature3 - averageTemp)^2 # other half of 5 and step 6 from the algorithm stddevTemp = ((sqDist1+sqDist2+sqDist3)/3.0)^(0.5) PRINT "Average temperature = ", averageTemp, "+/-", stddevTemp END PROGRAM weatherStation
The weatherStation program follows the algorithm laid out above and calculates the average and the standard deviation of three temperature readings. But it's not possible to directly map the steps of the algorithm to the code. Some steps are split over multiple lines; other lines do more than a single step.
This example is reminiscent of real world development—as programs grow in complexity and size, it can be harder to track what individual steps are meant to accomplish.
To make the code easier to follow, and to allow the same operation to be done at multiple locations in the code, it's often useful to compartmentalize your code. All major programming languages (that I am aware of) support what are called functions, methods, or subroutines. These allow programmers to pull out related operations and place them in their own module, where they are separated from other parts of the program.
Functions, as we'll call them in our toy language, can be thought of like a mini-program within a program. They allow developers to isolate pieces of logic or complex operations and then refer to them by name later in the development cycle. In our weatherStation example, we could create one function for computing the average and another for computing the standard deviation.
One principle that drives developers is that each logical block of code should do one thing, and do it well—ideally without affecting things outside of its scope. Functions enable this to happen. Many programmers create collections of side-effect free functions; those that do what they are purported to do and nothing more. So a function to compute the average of three values would not format your hard drive, or order a pizza for you, or other less nefarious things (such as change the numbers themselves).
Let's take a look at how we could rework weatherStation to modularize some of its functionality. We see that there are three key things that occur in this program: we read in some values, calculate the average, and calculate the standard deviation. The latter two can easily be rolled into stand-alone functions.
A function in MHF will look a lot like a little program, it will start with the keyword FUNCTION, followed by the name of the function, then a parenthetical list of the inputs to the function. (These inputs are formally known as the arguments.) Finally, a function will contain a RETURNS keyword, which identifies any value that gets sent back when the function is complete. Let's look at a modularized weatherStation program
PROGRAM modularWeatherStation NUMBER temperature1 # tell the computer that we are going to need NUMBER temperature2 # space set aside for the three temperatures NUMBER temperature3 # plus space for the average and standard NUMBER averageTemp # deviation results. Just like before NUMBER stddevTemp READ temperature1 READ temperature2 READ temperature3 # we will call a function that computes the average for us # at this line, control of the program will be transferred # to the computeAverage function averageTemp = computeAverage( temperature1, temperature2, temperature3) # likewise for the standard deviation stddevTemp = standardDeviation( temperature1, temperature2, temperature3, averageTemp) PRINT "Average temperature = ", averageTemp, "+/-", stddevTemp END PROGRAM weatherStationRefactor FUNCTION computeAverage( NUMBER n1, NUMBER n2, NUMBER n3) RETURNS NUMBER NUMBER sum # the values passed into this function will be mapped to # the values n1, n2, and n3--only in this function sum = n1 + n2 + n3 # at a RETURN statement, the program will return to the # point where it left off RETURN sum/3.0 END FUNCTION computeAverage FUNCTION standardDeviation( NUMBER n1, NUMBER n2, NUMBER n3, NUMBER avg) RETURNS NUMBER NUMBER sqDist1, sqDist2, sqDist3 sqDist1 = (n1-avg)^2 sqDist2 = (n2-avg)^2 sqDist3 = (n3-avg)^2 RETURN ((sqDist1+sqDist2+sqDist3)/3.0)^(0.5) END FUNCTION standardDeviation
Program modularWeatherStation will produce the same results as our previous weatherStation program (assuming we give it the same three inputs). However, the ideas and implementation of the average and standard deviation are encapsulated in a function. The consumer of these functions—the main program—doesn't care what happens in the functions, as long as it gets the average back.
When the main program begins, it will set aside space for all the variables we tell it we will need then it will read in the three temperatures that we are interested in. When we reach line 15, we call the function computeAverage with the arguments temperature1, temperature2, and temperature3. Once the computer reaches this line of the main program, it will transfer its control to the computeAverage function, which is defined later.
In computeAverage, temperature1, temperature2, and temperature3 are now referred to by their local aliases, n1, n2, and n3. We define a local variable— variable that will only exist as long as the execution of the program is within the computeAverage function—for the sum. The algorithm for computing the average is carried out as before. Before we reach the final line in the computeAverage function, however, we encounter a RETURN statement.
On the line where we first describe the function, we also noted that it would return a NUMBER-type variable. In this case, the RETURN statement contains an expression that evaluates to a NUMBER-type variable. That value gets returned to the point in the main body of the program where the function call was made. The program will then continue to run from that point on as before.


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For complete program details or additional information, please contact the Purdy Group in Dallas, Bryan, College Station, or Huntsville, TX.


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Obviously, Omni-Claim did not do any of the above, and could not even be regarded as a broker, but just a scam in the foreign exchange market. If Omni-Claim provides more leverage than this, it indicates that Omni-Claim is a potential scam. If Omni-Claim requires an above-average amount, then Omni-Claim is more likely to be a scam. The amount normally required by a legitimate broker is 5 to 10 dollars.
Most brokers have accounts that differ depending on the amount of money being traded. Traders should trade with well-regulated brokers such as UK or Australia brokers and reputable brokers.
You can also share your trading experience with Omni-Claim by commenting on this review. If you find this Omni-Claim review helpful, be sure to share it with your loved ones so they don't fall into this type of scam. If you are the victim of a scam by Omni-Claim or any other broker, please don't be confused.
Scams and scams occur with all online trading and investment platforms. However, if you follow these steps, you can be safe from Omni-Claim scams and Omni-Claim withdrawal issues.
If your answer to this question is yes, read the Omni-Claim review and find out what you should look for in brokers before opening an account with them. It's always best to look for Omni-Claim reviews from various sources so you can get an idea of what other traders and investors think of this broker. If you are looking for the latest Omni-Claim news, you should look for a reliable source that gives you reliable information about this broker.
Regulated by the Vanuatu Financial Services Commission, this broker offers investors a comprehensive trading environment with an impressive selection of assets, platforms, trading options, and markets to meet the needs of different types of traders, from beginners to professionals. Like all leading brokers, Omni-Claim offers its clients a range of account types to suit the different needs of different types of traders, from beginners to professionals.
These account options may sound tempting, but trading on Omni-Claim is nothing more than a scam. While these platforms would be good in the hands of other brokers, Omni-Claim makes unauthorized trades and traders have trouble withdrawing funds from Omni-Claim.
We advise all investors and traders to avoid Omni-Claim and other Vanuatu brokers. Whatever trading products you find in your Omni-Claim review, make sure they are licensed to trade the products they offer.
They also have a demo account, which is very useful for beginners to gain hands-on trading experience and explore the various options of the website. Potential investors can also try the Omni-Claim trading platform for free, and then make the final decision by opening a free demo account.
In general, the FCA advises UK investors not to invest with this broker. However, the Forex broker does not have a compulsory FCA license to do this. The Forex broker is licensed by the VFSC, but this is not enough to offer financial services or products in the UK or Europe.
Almost all companies and individuals offering, promoting, or selling financial services or products in the UK must be licensed or registered with us. If you have been contacted by scammers, please visit our contact page.
Fraud reviews can tell us whether we should invest or trade with the broker. The latest Omni-Claim news includes positive and negative reviews to help you understand the situation of the broker. Scam news shows how popular brokers are in our trading community. During our initial research on the broker, we encountered a large number of Omni-Claim reviews in which people said that the customer service after the initial exit was absolutely terrible.
Sometimes, in Forex trading scams, the fraudulent broker only offers their own platform, which may turn out to be fake. It is important to understand the reputation of Omni-Claim news because a broker with a good reputation in the mainstream media will have a better reputation in the trading and investment community. A good broker should not only be regulated but also have a good reputation, excellent trading conditions, and exceptional support. The most common sign of a broker scam or a Forex trading scam is that the broker is either not regulated at all or has a low-quality regulatory license.
For further reading, please see Omni-Claim: warning


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Continuing translations of Key Concepts in Intercultural Dialogue, today I am posting KC19: Multiculturalism, which Polina Golovátina-Mora and Raúl Alberto Mora wrote for publication in English in 2014, and which Filipa Subtil has now translated into Portuguese.
As always, all Key Concepts are available as free PDFs; just click on the thumbnail to download. Lists of Key Concepts organized chronologically by publication date and number, alphabetically by concept, and by languages into which they have been translated, are available, as is a page of acknowledgments with the names of all authors, translators, and reviewers.
Golovátina-Mora, P., & Mora, R. A. (2022). Multiculturalismo. (F. Subtil, Trans.). Key Concepts in Intercultural Dialogue, 19. Retrieved from: https://centerforinterculturaldialogue.files.wordpress.com/2022/05/kc19-multiculturalism_portuguese.pdf
If you are interested in translating one of the Key Concepts, please contact me for approval first because dozens are currently in process. As always, if there is a concept you think should be written up as one of the Key Concepts, whether in English or any other language, propose it. If you are new to CID, please provide a brief resume. This opportunity is open to masters students and above, on the assumption that some familiarity with academic conventions generally, and discussion of intercultural dialogue specifically, are useful.
Wendy Leeds-Hurwitz, Director
Center for Intercultural Dialogue
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.


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A new dark matter detector has gone online today, using a rather clever method of searching for signs of rare interactions between dark and regular matter. The tool uses a liquid that's kept poised on the edge of boiling, such that even the tiniest bit of additional energy—say, caused by the impact of a dark matter particle—will create a bubble of vapor in the detector.
The new detector is called COUPP, for Chicagoland Observatory for Underground Particle Physics. Although it was organized by Fermilab outside of Chicago, the detector resides in Canada's SNOLAB, deep in a mine near Sudbury, Ontario. This location shields it from a lot of the background noise of particles that come from the atmosphere and radioactive substances.
The idea behind the detector is similar to that of the CDMS experiment. Most evidence points to dark matter being composed of WIMPS—weakly interacting massive particles. Although dark matter mostly interacts with other matter via gravity, in some models there's a chance that it can physically interact with regular matter, albeit very weakly. To search for these interactions, researchers must detect collisions that only impart a tiny bit of energy to a material.
In CDMS, they do so by keeping the atoms of their detectors just above absolute zero, so any additional energy should stand out. COUPP uses a rather different approach. It starts with a pool of a heavy liquid—a mixture of water and trifluoroiodomethane, which is a single carbon linked to three fluorines and an iodine. It then holds that liquid right at its boiling point and adds enough energy so that it's poised to undergo a transition to a vapor with the slightest addition of energy. When a dark matter particle bumps into an atom and adds some energy, a small bubble of vapor briefly appears in the liquid. Most of the potential background events are much more energetic, and they will leave a trail of bubbles through the detector.
In some ways, the detector is reminiscent of the bubble chambers that were once used to track events in particle colliders. But the actual setup is quite different, and the WIMPs they're searching for have so far eluded even the most advanced particle detectors.


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Rebuilding Indexes and the Clustering Factor Solution (Move On) September 25, 2011Posted by Richard Foote in Clustering Factor, Index Rebuild, Indexing Myth, Oracle Indexes, Quiz, Reverse Key Indexes.
Excellent !! This quiz created quite a bit of debate and it was nice to sit back and read some interesting discussions.
The Clustering Factor is basically the measurement of how well aligned the data in the underlining table is in relation to the index and is the number of table related I/Os required to read the entire table via a full index scan. A value of the CF approaching the number of blocks in the table suggests the data is reasonably well sorted/clustered in relation to the index (although the CF could in theory be somewhat less than the blocks in the table of course). A value of the CF approaching the number of index entries suggests the data is not particularly well sorted/clustered in relation to the index and means we may need to re-visit the same table block numerous times to get the required data, thus decreasing the efficiency of using the index, increasing the costs associated with using the index and therefore decreasing the likelihood of the CBO using the index.
So for an index rebuild to actual have an impact on the CF on an index, means either the rows in the table needs to change or the order of the index entries needs to change.
However, when we typically rebuild an index, it has no impact at all on the table and so can't possibly change the order of the rows there. Additionally, no matter how fragmented or inefficient the index structure might be, an index rebuild doesn't change the order of the index entries either as they're always sorted within the index in the order of the indexed columns.
Therefore an index rebuild typically has no impact at all on the CF of an index, no matter the current value of the CF.
However, there is an exception to this rule.
If we rebuild the index and change it from a NOREVERSE index to a REVERSE index, we now do change the order of the index. Significantly so, as the index entries are now in the order of the index column values when reversed. Therefore this can in turn significantly change the CF of an index.
Conversely, if we rebuild an index and change it from REVERSE to NOREVERSE, we likewise significantly change the order of the index entries and hence the value of the CF.
For a nice little demo, see David Aldridge's comment or my previous discussion on Reverse Key Indexes.
Of course, it's always nice to see new ideas and something I hadn't considered was Gary Myer's comment regarding changing the logic behind a Function-Based Index prior to a rebuild …
So the moral of this story is that no matter how poorly fragmented the index, how high or low the current CF of an index might be, rebuilding an index in order to improve the CF is a futile exercise and will change less than diddly-squat, except in the above mentioned special circumstances.
Now, back to another hearing of Pink Floyd's masterpiece "The Dark Side of the Moon" in all its surround sound glory 🙂
- 1. Rebuilding Indexes and the Clustering Factor Solution (Move On) « Ukrainian Oracle User Group - September 26, 2011
[…] Rebuilding Indexes and the Clustering Factor Solution (Move On) September 25, 2011 […]
- 2. Defragmentation Can Degrade Query Performance – All Things Oracle - June 17, 2016
- 3. Defragmentation Can Degrade Query Performance | 神刀安全网 - June 18, 2016


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Like many people around the country last week, we mowed our lawn for the first time this season. The difference between us and our neighbors, however, is I talked on the phone while I did it.
We have a push-reel mower.
Last summer, I sold my husband's shiny, red, super-charged, front-wheel-drive, 9 billion horsepower, mulching power mower for this little green machine powered by ye ole chevrolegs.
Now I love this thing, and truth be told, Rick hates it. He teases me all the time about how I'm saving approximately 6 gallons of gas a year. If that. And, pretty much, he leaves the mowing to me now, where before it used to be solely his domain. I think he's embarrassed. But I like it anyway.
In case you have been considering getting one yourself, here are the pros and cons (yes, there are some) of a push-reel mower…
The top five things I love about the push-reel mower:
- It's quiet. I really did talk on the phone while I was mowing the lawn last week. My mom asked me, what that sound was, and I said, "Oh, I'm mowing the lawn." Then we both laughed. I was talking on the phone while mowing the lawn. Preposterous! I could mow at six in the morning or ten at night and the neighbors would never know. It's the stealth mower. I actually like the sound it makes.
- It uses no fuel or oil and takes little to no maintenance. By the time my neighbor is done checking his oil and fuel and pumping and priming, reconnecting the spark plug and whatever else, I'm ¾ the way done mowing my lawn. One time, no joke, with the old power mower I stood outside for like 15 minutes trying to start the thing before I realized the spark plug was disconnected (hubby did this for safety's sake). The neighbor had to come over and point it out.
- It's lightweight. All the power it uses comes from your legs and arms pushing this machine; it's easy to maneuver and I can easily lift it up the couple of steps to our front yard and takes up very little space in the garage. With the old machine, I could barely get it up the steps, and had to go up all backwards and strategic. It was super heavy and could chop off my arm – the little label on the side said so.
- There is NO string pulling to start it up.
- There is no exhaust. No stinky fumes makes me feel all green and hip and environmentally conscious. And also the lack of fumes keeps me from feeling sick. I know six gallons (or whatever) of gas per year is not much, but I don't mind mowing the lawn now, because I don't get a headache from the noise/fume combo.
Five things I don't love:
- You can't mow over sticks. The power mower mulched and could chop up a stick or a twig that had fallen from the tree in the front yard, but the push mower can't. I send the boys out in the yard before I mow with the mission to pick up all the sticks. If I accidentally mow over a stick, I have to stop to get it out of the mower, because it will jam the blades.
- Sharpening the blades will be a challenge. Not many places know how to sharpen the blades of a push-reel mower anymore, and those who do charge a lot for it – almost as much as the mower cost. Since the blades will stay sharp a long time though, we at least have a while to learn how to do it ourselves.
- It doesn't always get every piece of grass in one pass. Because of this, it is really important to overlap or mow two ways. Otherwise your lawn looks like it's received a haircut from a barber half in the bag.
- The neighbors look at us funny. When I first bought the mower, I thought people would think we were so cool – all hip and eco-friendly. Turns out, they either think we are crazy or too poor for a "real" mower. Hmm… this must be why Rick is embarrassed to use it.
- You can't be a lazy lawn keeper. If your grass gets too long, the push mower is a real bear to use. In fact, there was a time last summer, when we first got the mower, that we had to borrow our neighbor's power mower because we had waited a couple of weeks too long to mow and the push mower, literally, couldn't cut it. Lesson learned.
I feel like the push mower and the power mower take about the same amount of physical effort to use. The push mower is all pushing, which isn't that much work (hey if I can handle that giant cart thingy at Target I can handle the mower). The power mower took more effort for me in the starting, holding down the lever thing, and then holding it back from running my flowers down (since it pulled itself). I think the trade-off of putting the kids on stick patrol and enduring funny looks is a pretty good one. Plus, I can catch up with my mom on the phone while I'm at it. 😉


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With the Washington Nationals on the road, and the season in it's final month, it's been a quiet couple of weeks at Nationals Park. The biggest news was the announcement that season ticket prices for 2009 would be lowered in several sections around the stadium. The outfield seats had been the most overpriced, but it's good to see the team has recognized the mistake and corrected things. Next season, the TV cameras may still show empty seats behind the batter, but there will at least be a chance we'll see butts in the outfield seats when they show a pitcher.
As the sun sets on the first season at Nationals Park, what better excuse for catching one last ball game than to check out some of these cheaper sections for next season. Good tickets are available at nationals.com (use coupon code EMETS for 30% off selected seats to the next series), and despite the ongoing negative ad campaign by Metro, parking at Nationals park remains cheap, easy, and plentiful!
The Mets, Padres, and Marlins will be in town for ten games, and the team is pulling out all the stops to fill the home stretch with promotions:
Tue 9/16: Free T-Shirt Tuesday
Wed 9/17: St. Patrick's celebration with free green Curly W hats
Fri 9/19: Free camouflage Curly W floppy hats
Sat 9/20: Free team photo & schedules + Saturday night move "Field of Dreams"
Sun 9/21: Free kids backpack and Family Fun Day activities
Tue 9/23: Free T-Shirt Tuesday
Wed 9/24: Free Curly W fleece scarf
Thu 9/25: Fan appreciation night
Of course, with the campaign season now in full swing, we could also see the presidents race take on some election-season overtones. With the candidates all trying to position themselves as outsiders, maybe it's time for the original original maverick — Teddy Roosevelt — to taste victory!
Photo by Flickr member Liliang