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Olivia Munn Leaked Pictures
A rendezvous for kinky people on Olivia for my quite kinky girlfriend
Olivia Munn Leaked Pictures
First name: Joline, Age: 33 yo, City: Olivia (MN)
Hi everyone, I'm a pretty attractive and sexy 33-year-old woman. My name is Joline. My boyfriend and I love spending evenings in naughty clubs on Olivia to meet open-minded people. This is mostly for me because I'm naughty with the m'sieux and I have no taboos. Since we work every day, we would like to meet you on the weekend and preferably at our place or in a private club nearby Olivia. I am only on this libertine site to share with otherlibertines. My boyfriend is absolutely aware of this approach. I want a man who is confident and well-endowed so that my boyfriend can see me make him cum. We are looking forward to receiving your most naughty suggestions. I look forward to reading your messages. Kisses! See you soon.
No taboo rendezvous Olivia: extremely wanton young woman
Olivia Munn Leaked Pictures
First name: Godeleine, Age: 22 yo, City: Olivia (MN)
I just want to find a guy for a casual encounter because I like to have sex without any restrictions with someone I don't know. I like to try a lot of different sexual positions, so I want a partner who is experienced and good at it. I would like a guy who is relatively young and has a long member to give me a lot of pleasure because I am an insatiable libertine. I know how to handle my conquests to tease them. In order to find each other, it is possible to go to your place or the restaurant. I'm available during the week, I'm not bitchy. I am looking forward to your proposals. I'm looking forward to the first meeting, it's what makes me excited... Hugs Godeleine.
No-holds-barred evening on Olivia for a beautiful mature divorced woman
Olivia Munn Leaked Pictures
First name: Anaika, Age: 36 yo, City: Olivia (MN)
I want an adulterous affair with a kinky guy who plays dirty games. I actually need someone who is available and cool in order to climb the curtains. For this sex meeting, I can meet you in a bar. If you're up for it, I'm not opposed to meeting at a highway rest stop. Ideally, I would like the boys who write to me to be brunette and quite muscular. The man I'm looking for will have to be patient because I ask for a lot sexually. I love staying in bed all weekend, if my partner satisfies me. I leave you awaiting your comments to satisfy my most unspeakable naughty impulses. I'm not looking for another plan so if you can't make me happy. Do not contact me. Notify me! See you later!
A married couple from Olivia looking for a hot night in a swingers club
Olivia Munn Leaked Pictures
First name: Megann, Age: 19 yo, City: Olivia (MN)
We want a guy or couple who is into libertinism for this moment, because we're looking to get laid like crazy!!! The man will really need to be in good shape, sorry but that's my little fantasy right now. Since we work a lot, we prefer to meet you on weekends and preferably at our place or in a libertine club near Olivia. We are a very open couple who loves to do unknown practices. We particularly enjoy exhibitionism and voyeurism in a libertine club with other people. Looking forward to playing together soon.
A young girl without experience on Olivia for her first hookup
Olivia Munn Leaked Pictures
First name: Mahdia, Age: 27 yo, City: Olivia (MN)
Hi everyone, I'm a pretty young and exciting girl of 27 years. My name is Mahdia. I work as a waitress at Olivia and I'm free. In my ideal, I would like the boys who contact me to be brunette and quite muscular. After that, the boy I'm looking for will have to be patient because sexually I ask for a lot. I love staying in bed all weekend, if my partner knows how to handle it. I am an amateur of swingers' parties. I've always been a woman without taboos and especially an exhibitionist fan. I get excited when men spy on me while I'm making love in a public place like a garden. I'd rather see you at your apartment since I need to be discreet. I'm also free in the evening for this adulterous appointment. Finally, I hope to have good dates with you. First of all, you need to leave me a message. I hope to meet you soon! Big kisses.
A hot girl on Olivia wants to quickly have a naughty guy for an uninhibited one-night stand
Olivia Munn Leaked Pictures
First name: Muskan, Age: 44 yo, City: Olivia (MN)
I am mostly a cougar woman, so I only want a very young libertine. I want a good fuck first and foremost. I am also a naughty and enduring sex addict. I'm here to show you how to give me pleasure. I really enjoy revealing myself in the woods and having my picture taken. However, what really gets me going are the quickies in atypical places (garages, bathrooms, etc.), it's up to you to be creative in the streets of Olivia. I am generally available for a meeting on weekends. We can see each other on Olivia and its surroundings. I wish to be in the company of this lover who will want to make my erotic desires. I can't wait to see your messages. I look forward to meeting you. Bye.
Beautiful brunette woman would like to have a good fucker on Olivia
Olivia Munn Leaked Pictures
First name: Taslime, Age: 22 yo, City: Olivia (MN)
I'm looking for a guy with a pretty big dick. Someone to fulfill my fantasies without any hassle. I am a novice when it comes to naughty games like swinging or others. I therefore want to try these things with a man who knows how. We can meet at my place or the restaurant. I'm free in the evening, I'm not a bitch. I look forward to your offers. I'm looking forward to the first interview, it's usually very exciting I think...
Looking for a hookup in Olivia? I'm a sexy 19-year-old woman who's very open-minded
Olivia Munn Leaked Pictures
First name: Danila, Age: 19 yo, City: Olivia (MN)
Hi everyone, my name is Danila and I'm all alone, I'm just 19 years old. I am rather well proportioned. And I'm really hot. I am free on Saturday and rather in the evening. You can have a date at the hotel. I would like a guy who is rather young and that he has a very long tool to give me a lot of pleasure because I am a difficult slut. I know how to handle my fuck buddies to turn them on. A hot date should make me come. I need a man who is a good licker. Otherwise I'm addicted to anal sex but with finesse. I'm personally in favor of an outdoor date if you're up for it. I prefer a naughty guy who likes to dominate during our naughty evening. I'm only here for the sex. To be satisfied sexually, it's better not to be a novice. If you comply with my requests, you will remember it.
Mature libertine looking for a meeting with another man on Olivia
Olivia Munn Leaked Pictures
First name: Francesa, Age: 46 yo, City: Olivia (MN)
Hi guys, I'm a charming woman named Francesa and I'm 46 years old. I'm on Olivia's side and I'm quite libertine. We would prefer to give you a date at our home rather than on the weekend if that interests you. I practice candaulism because I like to have fun with another naughty person, but only in front of my husband. I'm particularly hot when I get laid and I especially appreciate it when someone licks me slowly. We just want to enjoy ourselves together. This is why we are on this libertine site because we love discovering other libertines duringlibertine evenings. So we're on this libertine dating site to enjoy ourselves with other guys. You have the right to leave us a comment if you want to meet us. We kiss you.
I'm a young libertine in Olivia who would love to have a hot night
Olivia Munn Leaked Pictures
First name: Reine-claude, Age: 32 yo, City: Olivia (MN)
Hi guys, I wanted to make a profile on this hookup site so I could have some hot moments. I am Queen-Claude, I'm 32 years old. I am a nymphomaniac woman who desires to pick up men for sex in clubs. I'm available every night for this hookup. I can give you a first date at a bar to talk a little. I just want to have a man for a one night stand because I love having casual sex with a guy I don't know. I like a lot of different kinds of foreplay, so I want a guy who is imaginative and really knows what he's doing. I like naughty guys who are tall. I need a naughty guy who is also well-endowed, because otherwise I don't orgasm. I want to enjoy myself more than ever. I leave you in the hope of being able to discover your messages to satisfy my most secret naughty impulses. I don't want a different meeting so if you can't give me satisfaction. Don't leave me a message. Keep me in the loop! See you soon!
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Travel and Adventure: Japan's cities offer the best of old and new
After landing in and exploring Tokyo, the next city visitors to Japan should see is Kyoto. Virtually undamaged during World War II, Kyoto cleverly retains its past while building for the future. Hundreds of temples, shrines and historic sites coexist with 21st-century amenities in this extraordinary city of 1.5 million people.
Nothing is more au courant than the amazing rail station you'll arrive in after a two-hour-and-20-minute high-speed ride from Tokyo. With soaring architecture and eye-grabbing design it is also home to a hotel, department store and dozens of restaurants and shops.
Kyoto's heritage sites are widely scattered, both inside the city and in the surrounding hills. Trying to see everything during a short stay is virtually impossible, so grouping destinations within specific areas is a must.
A great starting point is the 400-year-old Nijo Castle, which is actually more like a palace, built by the first shogun to rule Japan from Edo (Tokyo's original name). Wanting an appropriate site to use when he returned, he erected a multi-building complex with delicately designed meeting rooms, exquisite screens and floors that purposely squeak when walked upon, an ideal alarm against invaders or the uninvited. Here, too, are bridges, moats, fantastic gardens and greenery.
Another must-see at Kyoto's northern edge is the three-storied lakeside Temple of the Golden Pavilion. A re-creation of a late 14th-century edifice, it was still standing in 1950 when a deranged monk burned it to the ground. Later rebuilt and slathered with multiple layers of gold leaf, it is best seen when bathed in late afternoon sunlight.
To the northeast is the wooden two-story Ginkakuji Temple or Temple of Silver Palace. It is named not for its actual exterior but for its serene reflection in moonlight.
Nearer to midtown is the 13th-century Buddhist Sanjusangen-do Temple, which houses 1,001 life-size statues of Kannon, the goddess of mercy. A short walk away is the Chisihaku Temple, which features serene gardens and multiple rooms with exquisite sliding screens.
Another easily accessible site is the Yasaka Shrine, reputed to date to the seventh century, and Maruyama Park. They are quite near the eastern boundary of Gion, Kyoto's most extensive historic district.
While commerce bustles along Higashiyama Street, immediately above and below it are much quieter byways where numerous wooden buildings retain a real sense of times past.
Gion should be seen at least twice. During daytime mingle with shoppers and stroll the streets that parallel the canal that begins quite close to the Kamo River. Night is also prime time for spotting geishas. These women of all ages — notable for their traditional dress and heavy white makeup — still master music, dance and other centuries-old skills, which they are hired to perform. Evenings are when one is likely to see a geisha walking to or from appointments.
On the opposite Kano River bank lies Pontocho, a narrow lane lined with dozens of moderately priced eateries. And don't miss the Nishiki Market, which offers an amazing array of products and affordable dining spots.
Kanazawa is another city that retains sizable portions of its heritage. Highlights include the beautifully restored 16th-century Kanazawa Castle. Rebuilt following major fires, it boasts the striking monumental iron Ishkawa-mon Gate, an arsenal and two turrets. The castle rises above sprawling Kenroku-en Garden, considered to be one of Japan's finest.
You'll also want to explore the separate Samurai and Geisha districts. Starting in the 17th century, ruling shoguns paid their Samurai warriors with rice and land where Samurai built large wooden houses. Today Kanazawa preserves Japan's largest standing collection of these homes. One good example is that of the Nomura family.
Similarly intriguing is the Geisha region, conceived and built by the government in the 1820s to keep these women in one area. The structures were used strictly for entertainment purposes, and no one wearing a sword could enter.
The Art of Travel, a company that arranges first-hand and often hands-on looks at some fascinating local crafts, is another Kanazawa plus. By way of visits it arranges with guides, participants meet and often work with artisans in areas as diverse as basket-weaving, cooking, lacquer wear, calligraphy, flower-arranging, jewelry-making, ceramics, taiko drumming, silk chord braiding, sword play, playing a shamisen (a traditional stringed instrument), karate and even sushi-making.
Sixty-eight years after it was the first city to be hit by an atomic bomb, Hiroshima today is a modern industrial center with harrowing remembrances of horrors past. Seeing the Atomic Bomb Dome — the shell of the 1915 industrial promotion hall that stood almost directly beneath the bomb's aerial explosion point — is unforgettable. So is the nearby Peace Memorial Museum, a vast repository of historical remnants and personal tales, all movingly presented.
Notable postwar constructions include the circular Hiroshima Museum of Art. Its compact but impressive collection includes works by Manet, Monet, Renoir, Seurat, Toulouse-Lautrec, Pissarro, Cezanne, Gauguin, Matisse, Picasso and van Gogh. Also fascinating is the totally rebuilt 16th-century Hiroshima Castle, now a history museum.
You'll also want to visit idyllic Miyajima Island, about an hour's ride from central Hiroshima. Peaceful, particularly away from its heavily visited center, Miyajima features the stunning orange Itsukushima Shrine, plenty of tame but hungry deer and fascinating back streets to wander. Depending on the tides — either in or out of the harbor is the floating tori, one of Japan's most ionic images.
Osaka, Japan's third-largest city, is also about now and the future. Boasting a metro system that matches Tokyo's for efficiency and ease of use, it also has plenty of intriguing streets and lanes in which to walk, shop, snack and observe the youthful culture.
Osaka's most exciting area is Namba. At its heart is Dotonbori, particularly near and along the Dotonbori Canal. Here, especially at night, the mood is controlled chaos decorated with riotous, eye-grabbing signage. "Running Man," a giant, perpetual-motion crab and dozens of other action signs make this a real must.
During daytime hours the nearby commercial district is a walker's and photographer's feast for its wild variety of street food and maze of lanes. There, among other sights, be sure to seek out the moss-covered Buddha. Other Osaka highlights include its world-class aquarium, the Shitennoji temple and well-restored Osaka Castle.
Osaka is also an ideal launching spot for day trips to Nara. In the eighth century Nara became Japans first permanent capital. Among many shrines, temples and an intriguing old town, its most famous structure is Todai-ji, reputedly the world's largest wooden structure. It was built to enclose a massive bronze Buddha. Osaka/Nara train rides take an hour or less.
For general information about traveling in Japan: www.jnto.go.jp/eng
In Kyoto:
The Hotel Granvia is a comfortable, convenient modern property within Kyoto's rail terminal complex: www.granviakyoto.com. The Hyatt Regency Hotel is well-located and offers expansive rooms, fine dining and excellent concierge services: www.kyoto.regency.hyatt.com
Tempura Matsu restaurant, 21-26 Ohnawaba-Cho Umezu Ukyo-Ku in Kyoto, 615 0925 or 81 75 881 9190, is a fine choice for a Kaisecki dinner, a multi-course gourmet event. Reservations are a must, and be sure to sit at the counter to watch the dishes being prepared.
In Kanazawa:
The Nikko Hotel: www.jalhotels.com/domestic/chubu_hokuriku/kanazawa
The Art of Travel: www.theartoftravel.net
In Hiroshima:
Righa Royal Hotel blends fine views, excellent service and ideal location. The property is an affiliate with Worldhotels: www.worldhotels.com.
In Osaka:
Nikko Hotel: www.jalhotels.com/domestic/kansai/osaka
Osaka Tourism: www.osaka-info.jp/en

subset: commoncrawl


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USB Leather Flash Drive Fakes eBay United States And Australia. dchybridscom – boyan11 – totalanomalie – super-fi – adataplanet – robkincar – javiles1525 eBay Flash Memory Sellers – Test Immediately To Verify Advertised Capacity. Please Avoid Fake Memory Products! Fälschung?
Posted by DragonDakel on April 11, 2011
If you bought a flash memory item from any of these eBay sellers: dchybridscom – boyan11 – totalanomalie – super-fi – adataplanet – robkincar – javiles1525 you are advised to test item(s) immediately for advertised capacity. Read: H2testw 1.4 – Gold Standard In Detecting USB Counterfeit Drives . You may have purchased a fake flash memory product.
If your memory item fails testing report immediately to SOSFakeFlash . If your eBay seller is deregistered from eBay, it is urgent you report in to SOSFakeFlash. If you do not, they will not be able to investigate and to record in the their database to publish an official alert listing all items sold. eBay is suspending fake flash memory sellers to avoid buyers leaving feedback or recording the truth.
About leaving feedback on eBay:
- If your testing reveals false memory and you did not leave feedback, it is up to you to record the truth and warn other buyers.
- If you left positive feedback for a seller, you are not out of options to record the truth, you can do a follow up feedback to warn other buyers.
Feedback on eBay is permanent record. No one will erase it. You are only allowed 80 characters, use them wisely. We suggest you use:
Google XXXXXXXXXXXXX FakeMemorySentinel Or SOSFakeFlash + H2testw Fake. Only xx GB! Fraud!
where XXXXXXXXXXXXX is the eBay seller id. XX is the real capacity from your testing with H2testw. This will increase internet awareness and help other buyers frauded by the eBay seller. It is your chance to do a good deed – fast! eBay is suspending sellers rapidly, do not hold your feedback in the hopes of a refund. If you visit SOSFakeFlash you will learn it is an illusion. Use the feedback or follow up to feedback to record the truth before eBay suspends the seller. If you don't there will be no eBay record! FakeMemorySentinel publishes the warning, SOSFakeFlash documents the seller with all flash items sold. Report to SOSFakeFlash to raise an investigation, reference FakeMemorySentinel to show the listing for an eBay fake flash memory seller.
Never use any flash memory item without testing for capacity. If you purchased a fake you could lose your files and data. Read: Why Is Fake Flash Memory So Dangerous?
Please see Validation Memory links for brand names and flash nand memory chip decoding. Reminder, Gb is Gigabits, not Gigabytes. 8 bits is 1 byte. You must divide by 8, if manufacturer lists size as Gb. Exercise care in disassembly of your item to decode.
If you need help and information on eBay read:
Fake Flash Memory – Hacked! Top Articles SOSFakeFlash. Consumer, Reseller Education. Beware. Be Wise. Learn. Avoid Fake Flash Memory. Learn To Test For Real Flash Memory Capacity.
PayPal Refunds – Counterfeit Items Policy Change Nov 01 2010. What Does This Mean For Fake Flash Memory? MP Players, USB Flash Drives, Memory Cards? Hacked Memory Awareness Growing.
Check your eBay Sellers feedback, type in the id: http://toolhaus.org/cgi-bin/negs
Changing Trends In The Sale Of Fake Memory On eBay For USB Flash Drives, Memory Cards And MP Players. SOSFakeFlash Advises Do Not Buy From eBay Sellers With Low FeedBack Scores. Avoid Sellers with Scores Under 300+ To Protect Yourself From Potential Fraud. Learn Why.
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totalanomalie – United States
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eBay. Why Do People Bid And Buy 256GB USB Leather Pen Thumb Memory Flash Stick Drives With Free Shipping? The Scam For 16 32 64 128 256 GB Fake Capacity.
USA helptony20 eBay Seller Claims 128GB USB Pen Flash Drive Tested. Advertises As Unused Unopened For Sale At Only $29.99 US Can You Buy A Leather USB Flash Drive 128 GB So Cheap?


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Kohler K-28001-CM6 Undermount Single Basin Composite Kitchen Sink - MSRP $499
Auctions from Build.com consist of e-commerce customer returns. Build.com is not your average home improvement store as all products were sold through the Build.com marketplace and not in a traditional brick and mortar store. Perfect for a home remodel or a great addition to your product line-up, give your customers the variety they want while buying at a price point that can help grow your business.
Additional Auctions by builddotcom
|Location: Liquidation.com warehouse in Plainfield, IN, 46168.
|Condition Notes:
|Trademark Restriction:


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Cookies and buns for a cause: Malaysians Can Walk Freely with Pak Samad in KLCC Without Police Permit (post event photos) » freedom assembly-IMG-9730-wm
Leave a Reply Cancel reply
About the Author
Sce Hwai PHANG (known and pronounced as C.Y.) is a professional food stylist based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Food and cooking is her biggest passion. Her job revolves around making food look good on camera and print, aside from developing and translating recipes as well as food-related consultation. She also does editorial food photography for magazines, restaurants and food companies occasionally. She is also a Cantonese-Mandarin-Malay-English simultaneous interpreter and accredited professional English><Chinese translator from NAATI (National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters, Australia) . Beside food, her greatest interest is traveling. Visiting various countries on the globe has opened up her vision to a whole new world and is her biggest source of inspiration!
CY can be contacted at email@example.com for enquiries on food styling and editorial food photography service.
Blogs I follow
Inspiring photographers
Recent Posts
- My interview by BFM 89.9
- Merry Christmas! (And some recently published food styling photos)
- Orange & Poppy Seeds Madeleines & A Tribute to Yasmin Ahmad
- Sharing Christmas Joy in a Different Way: Malaysians Can Go Shopping & Pose with Christmas Trees without Police Permit
- Cookies and buns for a cause: Malaysians Can Walk Freely with Pak Samad in KLCC Without Police Permit (post event photos)
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Canva Pro Review
When you want to design a logo or make a marketing campaign, a tool like Canva is an excellent option. However, you must keep in mind that it doesn't work offline. To create or edit your designs, you will need an internet connection of high speed. You may need to look for an alternative if you don't have a computer.
What is Canva?
Canva is an image editor which is a great choice for anyone who wants to create web content. It was the first to offer a stock media library. This exploited the concept of "sale-at-point of use". The software's modern aesthetics and powerful features have made it one of the top choices for designers and content creators alike. It has over 15 million users and more than 2 billion designs.
Canva is available for free, but it's worth upgrading if you use it for work. The Pro plan will save you time and money, and it has more professional features and content.
Canva Pro is a powerful design program that allows you to create and share brand visual content with your team. Its unique features include the ability to edit design templates, assign tasks, and schedule social media posts. The software also offers built-in dimensions and custom dimensions to ensure that your final designs are perfectly sized for social media.
The pro version of Canva also offers additional visual tools and unlimited resources. Professional users will find Canva Pro useful, even though the free version is limited in resources and features. The Pro plan offers unlimited resources and premium features that make it well worth the cost. However, many people still find it difficult to decide whether or not to invest in a Pro plan. This article compares the pro and free versions to help you make the right decision.
Customer Service
You can visit Canva Pro's website or call 1-800-653-9584 to reach customer service. They also have a help center with tips and solutions for most common issues. You can change your email address in your account settings if you have trouble logging into Canva. You can also modify your billing information and cancel an active subscription, if necessary.
Canva is an online image editor that allows anyone to create professional-looking designs. It offers templates for all types and levels of content. While Canva is great for beginners, it's also useful for professionals and businesses alike.
Canva is one of the best design software programs available. Its user-friendly interface makes it easy to use, and its tools enable you to make any kind of design you need. This includes blog banners, infographics, presentations, and even eBook covers. It also includes templates and a library with Shutterstock photos for free, so it can be used for many purposes.
Piktochart, Design Wizard, and other alternatives to Canva are also available. Piktochart is similar to Canva, and its large library of data visualization templates can be purchased separately. Although the free version does not offer the same collaborative features as Canva, you can still download individual assets for your design projects.
Pricing of Canva Pro is not the same for individual and team users. This plan is for solo users only and can be used by up to four people. There are many benefits to purchasing the team license. For instance, multiple designers can collaborate on the same design, generating new ideas and solutions.
Canva Pro is available at a very affordable price of Rs750. This plan includes advanced design tools and features as well as cloud storage. It also allows users to sync designs with various devices and integrates with third-party applications. You can integrate with Facebook and Google Maps, Giphy and Pexels. You can also assign roles to users.
Canva also offers team management capabilities. However, it charges extra for adding new team members. The enterprise plan allows up to five people to work together on a design. This plan allows for real-time editing. Furthermore, team members can add comments to the design.


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Snow White Lace Front WigJanuary 9, 2023
Mint To Be Lace Front WigJanuary 9, 2023
Vamp Goddess Lace Front Wig
Heat safe synthetic Lace Front wig
24" long
150-180% density
Made of soft synthetic fiber
Can be styled with hot tools on a low-medium temperature
Lace Front with 1.5" deep of parting space
The top and back of the wig is made of wefted hair
Light, soft lace that can easily be darkened with makeup
All wigs come with a nude stocking cap
Heat safe synthetic stock wigs are one size fits most
All wigs come with combs inside to securely stay on your head as well
an adjustable straps at the nape
You can use a dry shampoo or setting power to take away the shine of the synthetic hair and make it look more natural.
You can use a blow dryer to set your parting in place and flatten out the top of the wig so it lays very flat and natural.
You can use a tweezers to carefully pluck away hairs from the parting to make it look more realistic. (Gently plucking only one hair at a time to avoid ripping the lace)
You can apply concealer or foundation to the parting to give the illusion of a scalp.
Use an XL wide tooth comb or Large paddle brush to gently detangle your synthetic wig. Start detangling from the ends of the hair first and gently detangle in small sections.
* If you do not feel comfortable doing this on your own you can purchase our deluxe wig prep package and we will do it for you along with a customized haircut. *
|1 lbs
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Wig Support Band$14.99


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Snow History: Compare Resorts
Szczyrk Snow Depths
Recorded snow depths for the upper and lower slopes in Szczyrk and (2007 – 2022).
The most cherished days on the mountain in Szczyrk are Bluebird Powder days when it is mostly sunny with light winds following very recent snowfall. Poorer weather conditions may prevail on Powder days when the visibility can be limited but the snow is significantly deep and fresh for keen powder-hounds. Bluebird days can suit many skiers that aren't necessarily hunting powder but want to enjoy the snowy mountains in sunnier conditions and light winds.
The snowiest weeks of the year in Szczyrk are shown but also bear in mind the number of days that it typically snows each week if you want regular fresh tracks. The risk of a rainy day is shown but be sure to switch between elevations to see if lower lifts are rain affected or higher lifts remain snowy despite any rain further down the mountain.
The highest and lowest temperatures averaged for each week of the year in Szczyrk are shown. Check out the risk of freze-thaw conditions prevailing at different elevations for any given week. We also show the extremes of temperature (blue/red dots) that reveal the chance of unusually warm or cold conditions.


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Write. Just fucking do it. Write something. Then click that big blue button with the shiny white letters telling you to Publish. Something. Anything. It took a fucking year to get over the whole "what the hell would I even name a blog" paralysis. I realize now that was about far more than not being able to come up with a semi-original name.
Anyway. Some points about me and what to expect if you stick around:
- I curse. Sometimes a lot. And my favorite swear word is "fuck." I use it as just about any part of speech and even as prefixes and suffixes. You've been warned.
- This blog will serve as a pressure valve to release the noise in my brain. That said, the topics will be many and varied. At least I think they will. That all depends on the noise. This also explains the title. Stephellaneous. Stephanie + Miscellaneous = I don't have to explain this. Why am I explaining this. You're smart, and you totally get it. Anyway. Books, movies, news, personal ranting or musing, music. It's all fair game to me.
- I digress. A lot. I think you've figured that out already.
- Sometimes I'm a smartass. Sometimes I'm emotional. Sometimes I'm angry. Sometimes I'm pessimistic. A lot. Sometimes I'm overly forgiving. Sometimes I hate myself. In other words, I'm human. Sue me. (Please don't sue me; I'm broke.)
- I like parentheticals (a lot). And I love hyperbole. I love it so much I want to marry it and have luaus on Saturn.
- I tend toward perfectionism and am often too hard on myself. I will endeavor to just write. Something. Anything. Regularly. Because I need an outlet. Though I hope to eventually have a small community of friends here, my main goal right now is to consistently get my thoughts out as a form of catharsis and belonging. Because even if no one is reading this, it still makes me feel as though I'm at least (a teensy) part of something.
Yeah, I think that's all of the intro I need. I'll just dive right in soon. Perhaps even today. We'll see.


text:
TNB: The Curse Of The Bandit
You can run, but you can't hide
In the course of my rather uneventful life, there is no greater mystery than my decision to run
the Boston Marathon. Dumb! And bizarre. … As it turns out, this mystery is no mystery at all. It's a story, actually—a cursed one, perhaps,
but at least a complete one. Yes sir, this story has an intro, rising action, a climax that will knock your socks off, falling action and
a surprise ending that attempts to connect the unexpected and strange. Welcome to TNB!
One time, back when I still believed the world was good, I followed a 22-week training program outlined in Mark Twight's book Extreme Alpinism.
The regimen promises that after 22 weeks of self-flagellation, a climber "peaks"—this is a two-week period during which you're finally able to
climb at the top of your game. While I agree that 22-for-two is crazier than asking to be paid in Canadian dollars, I had a feeling that I was headed
toward physical wealth beyond my wildest dreams.
In the latter weeks, the book ominously calls for a "depletion day"—where you go as big as you can. And because of my calendar's terrible sense of
humor, D-Day would be the Boston Marathon, which always takes place on the third Monday of April. Normally, I avoid encouraging anything that makes
losers feel like winners, such as marathons and golf. However, since I would be running a marathon as part of a greater training schedule for climbing,
I was able to justify partaking in this parade of meekness. I am, after all, better than everyone else.
And, of course, as I'd realize during race day, I am, without fail, always wrong.
The smell of Vaseline and feces is a wretched potpourri that could mean any number of things, but in this story, it takes us to the starting line of the
Boston marathon.
Just before noon, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, was a madhouse. There were 22,500 runners, and all of them looked uneasy, as if they had bellies full of beer,
spaghetti and other simple fuels made to fire them out of the start corral, a fenced-in space to cage the runners.
My friend Amy Davison and I waded through this kennel of jog-hounds, watching people piss and shit themselves in pre-race anxiety. While we were both here
to run in the race, our circumstances couldn't have been more opposite. Amy had a number and I didn't. It's funny how a piece of paper stapled to your
chest can lead to such an asymmetrical fate. Amy was an entrant. She had paid the $145 fee and had previously run another marathon with a
good enough time to qualify for the prestigious Boston Marathon, making her an official participant.
I, however, was a bandit, here to poach a race that 22,500 people had paid lots of money and run many miles to compete in. I was a physical degenerate
with no money, an occasional smoker who had never run farther than six miles before. So what? Since I didn't feel official, I figured I shouldn't look
the part. I showed up to ground zero wearing a pink Hawaiian shirt with blue flowers, electric-blue surfer shorts, aviator shades, some old sneakers
lacking even the most primitive arch support and tall socks that added an elegant fuck-you touch.
"I can't believe you're wearing that," Amy said. "You're insane. These people are not going to stand for it. There are guards here to nab chumps like you."
She was right. Over by the lively Port-O-Johns, a dozen civilian air patrollers were surveying the scene and containing their pack of barking attack dogs.
The men seemed eager to use the canisters of pepper spray holstered to their belts. Another group of patrollers was guarding the rear of the corral,
where the bandits typically jump in under the assumption that anyone with a high number is too weak, fat or old to care.
"Don't worry," I said to Amy. "No one is expecting someone dressed like this to run 26 miles. They think I'm a spectator. See?" I showed her a can of Budweiser
I was holding, just in case. "Plus, I'm not going anywhere near those cops, for both personal and legal reasons."
I watched a bandit sneak over the fence and into the mob. The patrollers grabbed at his heels, and it seemed as though he had made it safely into the corral
until one of the official runners ratted him out. An angry mob twisted the bandit's arm behind his head and threw him to the dogs.
"Whatever," Amy said. "Just stick with me. If you make it past the start line, you'll be fine. Then, just try to finish, OK?" Amy showed her number
to a guard, and entered the corral. I was sneaking around behind her when I felt something grab me by my shirt collar.
Everything about the person I turned to face suggested someone better left alone. He wore a tank top covered in blood and sweat stains and a Red Sox cap
tilted to the back of his greasy bald head. Tissue-thin Umbro shorts yielded a pair of spindly legs that would've given the man the appearance of a
daddy longlegs, except for his feet, which were bound in white running shoes and must've been at least a size 13.
"You're not fooling anyone," he said. "If you jump in now, the dogs will maul you."
"What?" I said. "Who the hell are you?"
"Never mind. Listen, there are five rules to being a bandit," he said, holding his hand up. "Follow them, and you might actually make it to the end." El Bizzaro began his list, folding down each of his long gnarled digits with every instruction. "First and foremost, don't jump in 'till the pack starts moving,
which won't be for 40 minutes after they fire the gun. There are a lot of people here, and none of them feel very sane about being so close to each
other. Two, never cut off anyone with a number. They kick, and some are wearing cleats. Three, don't take the water and food from official stations.
If someone catches you drinking their water, especially toward the end, it will set them off like a hyena."
"Son of a bitch," I said. "I never thought of that."
"Four, avoid taking beer from the spectators at all costs. And finally, don't try to get a finisher's medal … if you even finish, that is! Good
luck, kid. You can run, but you can't hide! Ha, ha!" And like that, the creep disappeared into the crowd, though I continued to hear his laughter,
which sounded like a half-mad bird. The race had begun, and it suddenly seemed like a terrible idea. What was I doing here? I'm a climber, not a runner.
My life, normally a planned, well-thought-out venture on routes below my limit, felt as if it was about to get very weird. How had something like a
desire to improve my climbing caused me to think I could, or should, run a 26-mile race?
It's a question that is broader and deeper than anyone might imagine. The notion of 26 miles for fun has caught on with many rich Westerners. Amidst all
the modern fluff of the day, people have really gotten into running. This obsolete gig, however, should've died out back when we outsmarted
every other predator (beside ourselves) and therefore had no reason to run. Yet, this pastime refuses to die, like cockroaches and Grateful Dead songs,
and people are even training extensively for it. But why? Winning is out of the question for all but a handful of body-nazis. These people are just
not right.
Even worse were the spectators, because they were here for one purpose: to watch over 22,000 suffer. Rome returns with Gladiators Gone Miles.
Just then, the pack started moving, and so did Amy, the only person in the sea of capitalists that I could trust. I jumped over the fence, and crashed
right into someone wearing a ridiculous contraption on his nose to keep it from bleeding.
"Watch it, you bastard!" he shouted. "Hey, get this kid out of here!"
I elbowed him again, just for his own good, and hurried into the center of the pack as a fat guard with a rape-whistle hollered angrily at me. I caught
up with Amy, and together, running elbow to elbow, we made it past the start line. There was no turning back.
I had originally intended to win the marathon. You heard me. While envisioning the whole thing in my head, I figured that I could rile myself up into such
a frenzy that I would hit the 10-mile mark at 30 minutes. My hell-spawned pace would slap everyone in the face, and the field would be overcome by
despair as they watched some kid who believes that climbing is the most difficult thing in the world, and that, with enough will power, anything else
is doable, even winning a marathon, in worn out sneakers and a Hawaiian shirt crack these sacred standards like eggs.
True to my plan, I sprinted the first six miles. Running on idealism, coffee and toast, I moved as fast as I could … which happened to be an even
pace with Amy and apparently anyone else with a middling number.
"Balls!" I thought. "This is hell! I'm done and I'm not even there yet. No way!"
I stopped at the first watering hole, ignoring the third rule of that bald fuck, while Amy continued on comfortably sans her incomprehensible partner.
A woman in a nurse's visor approached me.
"You can't have this," she said. "This is Gatorade, and it's for the real runners. Here, have some water … if you must."
"Listen, lady, someone stole my number already," I said. "Look for the bum in the Sox hat. He ripped the damn thing right off my shirt!"
She shrugged, and continued tending to the real runners. I decided then and there that the rest of the way would not be easy, and that could be worth something.
Maybe that was the reason I was here. The mirage of having something worthwhile to do in modern society, and the lack of outlets to fulfill our primal
need to test ourselves. It's why we climb, right? Never mind. I could see the city skyline on the horizon, so I continued staggering toward the heart
of historic Boston like a sick dog.
This is my last coherent memory for the remaining 20 miles. Some say there's this thing called hitting the wall, a state of atrophy where your body reaches
a critical point of malfunction. In France and Canada and other countries proud of their pacifism it's known as "bonking." For me, it was more like
falling through the wall … a wall made of thumping Maori war clubs. It was a blurry, out-of-body experience that was punctuated with
frequent moments of cruelty and rare bits of compassion.
The outskirts of Boston were mostly inhabited by drunks and poisonous frogs. They saw my Hawaiian shirt, and felt it gave them a free pass to spit sticky
gobs of venomous obscenities at me.
"Get a feckin' numbaah, qweeah!" I heard, often.
"Hey, Donnie … looks like a wicked pissah! How's about a beeah," another would say as I ducked the frequent, careening cups of Samuel Adams. The
miserable sots laughed like monkeys throwing shit.
Did you know that all marathons sound like human suffering? Close your eyes, and imagine a maddening rain of feet slapping pavement, a cacophony of wheezing
and groaning. Hearing so many in a state of frailty did something to the spectators' brains, and verbal brutality was often the result. Insults
were shouted at anyone, or no one, because, after all, this was a race, and the runners just didn't think to stop.
It wasn't all bad. In the town of Wellesley, home to the prestigious all-female university, I took up an offer from a girl with a "Free Kisses" sign. I
approached this nymph a broken man, and when she plucked my cheek with her lips, I felt as if a goddess had restored me.
A meager two or three miles from the finish, I passed by Fenway Park, home to the Red Sox [Ed. note: this was before the Red Sox won a World Series and broke the infamous Curse of the Bambino].
Here, I fell into a semi-lucid state that I now appreciate as one of those rare moments that only happens to the lucky.
I wondered if I'd ever get to see the Sox break their dismal losing streak and actually win a Series. And if so, would that be a good thing for Boston?
Of course, outright, it would be good—and if it ever did happen, Boston would make the L.A. riots look like a pillow fight. But in a weird way,
I thought, the Curse of the Bambino might be the best thing to ever happen to Boston. It creates an identity, a broad sense of purpose, a raison d'etre.
Maybe a curse isn't a curse because it's hard to break, but because breaking it would destroy any remaining sense of purpose and decency.
Suddenly, I saw the world as a place where we are all cursed—running toward these finish lines and goals that somehow attain so much importance in
our minds, like winning the World Series, redpointing some grade, climbing El Cap … or even completing a marathon. I had been training for 22
weeks, including this Day of Depletion that was truly living up to its name … for what? To reach one of my climbing goals, sure, but after that
happens, what next? Would I lose my raison d'etre—the very thing that had me in training, dreaming of success, giving my life meaning
… and even running a marathon, which I'd never have done if not for climbing?
A mile from the end, I stopped … just for a minute. The unbearable fatigue of having run so far pressed down upon me. My calves were numb and my
hamstrings were recoiling like Styrofoam in a campfire. A frat boy on the sidelines saw my Hawaiian shirt and waved me down. Against the admonition
of the creep's fourth tenet, I accepted a beer, just because I hate rules. They've never kept me safe, or helped me learn anything I couldn't figure
out myself. I chugged half the beer and immediately vomited. The frat-head laughed at me, and I kept running. Maybe some rules are worth the dog's
There's a lot of talk about how it's the process that's important, not the goal. Alpinists now say they don't need to reach the summit because
it's the experience on the mountain that matters. Sport climbers talk about the process of working a route, and the sadness in seeing the
effort end with the redpoint. Bullshit. I considered my current state—excruciating pain—and wondered if this present moment was something
I could love. Um, no. I wanted this damn thing over with ASAP. I was going to reach the finish line, or I was going to die, and either one was fine
with me.
I used to think that a person is defined by his or her actions. That the finish lines you reach and the goals you accomplish are synonymous with who you
are. Unfortunately, those things don't matter in the end. Our bodies will morph into something strange and unrecognizable, no matter who you are or
what you do. And then we die. We pick a finish line to run toward, try to cross it for god knows what reason and think that makes us into something
special. And all the while, there's only one finish line that matters—the big one, with gold-plated tickertape and accordion music,
at the entrance to hell.
Near the end, I reconsidered my opinion. Sure, I thought, it's lame to turn events into trophies by running toward the end and missing out on life. To
be someone who runs a marathon just to be able to say so, or doesn't bother visiting new areas cause he's stuck gunning for that first 5.14.
But it's also lame to reach that final finish line with nothing to show. People are not solely defined by what they do, but at the same time, what's amazing
are the movers and shakers who reach their finish lines, despite all the pain and sadness, and then, for some reason, keep running. That's why climbing
is so great. It's one of the few things in this crappy world with no limits (unless you're into aid climbing, which tops out at A5). In climbing, there's
always a reason to keep running.
There's no logical reason that explains why we do any of the things we do, whether it's climbing a mountain, spending a month trying to link the first
two moves of a sit-start, or running 26 miles. The only truth is that we will one day die—and with a certain timeline like that, there's raison d'etre for us all.
At that point, I decided my brain wasn't working … or maybe it was. There was puke on my shirt, so I took it off for the home stretch. I had completed
the race in somewhere around I-have-no-idea hours and fuck-you minutes. When I crossed the line, I began crying uncontrollably. Perhaps it was because
I knew the pain was finally over; perhaps it was something bigger, the kind of thing that makes you think you're playing a role in a Jimmy Stewart
Either way, my goal of trying to get better at climbing had failed because I couldn't walk for a month. I spent my "peak" period watching climbing videos,
waywardly constructing a list of future projects, and getting so psyched to really start training that I couldn't sit still.
Since entering the Boston marathon four years ago, Andrew Bisharat hasn't run, jogged or even walked fast on a paved road.


text:
[Reader Sarah Rosenberg, from Los Angeles, sent in this recipe and photo. I made it last evening and it actually was every bit as good as she said it would be! Why not send us your favorite recipes with an accompanying photo? We will print them if they are good. If you send in a recipe from a cookbook, please give us the title, the author's name and – unless you took the photo – the photographer's name as well. CS]
I often serve these potato wedges as a side dish for Shabbat evening and everyone loves them; in fact, they can't get enough of them. They go great with beef or poultry, but I've been known to have them as a main dish sometimes during the week.
Crispy Roasted Potato Wedges
Serves 6
- 2 cloves of garlic
- 1/2 cup extra-virgin oil
- 3 tablespoons finely chopped fresh flat-leaf parsley
- 2 teaspoons chopped fresh rosemary
- 7 or 8 small unpeeled Yukon Gold or red potatoes, scrubbed
- 1 1/2 teaspoons kosher salt
- 1 tablespoon grated lemon zest
- Juice from 1 lemon
- Preheat oven to 450 F. Chop the garlic finely and put in a large bowl. Add the oil, parsley and rosemary.
- Cut the potatoes into 1 inch wide wedges.
- Add the potatoes to the bowl and sprinkle with salt.
- Toss to coat the potatoes with the oil mixture.
- Spread the potatoes on a large baking sheet scraping the bowl of any extra oil and herbs. Arrange the potatoes with a flat side down. Roast until bottom is golden – about 25 minutes – turn with a metal spatula (some potatoes may stick, scrape them loose). Continue roasting until golden and crisp outside, but tender inside, about 15 minutes longer. Sprinkle with the lemon zest.
- Put the potatoes in a serving bowl, make sure to scrape up all the herbs and zest. Add several squeezes of the juice over the top. Toss gently to distribute and serve hot.
You'll like the aroma and you'll love the taste!
Sarah Rosenberg


text:
Last week, Sharon Astyk announced that she'd be bringing back her Independence Days Challenge. Whew! I was excited about it! If you've read my blog for more than a year, you know, I've participated in her challenge since 2010.
The challenge is to make small steps, every week, every day if you can, towards food independence. And then record them. There is no lamenting what you haven't done, and in contrast to challenges where doing as much as you can takes the stage, the Independence Days challenge shows that small things do add up and everyone can do something.
The steps are recorded in several categories…
Plant Something: Planting isn't done just once a year when you are looking to be independent. Sharon tries to plant everyday from February to October. Think seed starting, cold frames, season extension if you can. February is a bit early for us, but we already have potatoes chitting so we can be ready to go in just a few weeks.
Harvest Something: From your garden, your nest boxes, the finished compost, foraging. It all counts.
Preserve Something: In lots of parts of the country you can't plant and harvest year round, including here in Colorado. So you better put up what you can for the dark days of winter! Canning and jamming, yes, but also drying, smoking, freezing, etc.
Waste Not: Scraps given to the animals and/or compost pile fit here. Also mending things instead of throwing them out. Creating less garbage, making sure things don't go to waste.
Want Not: Building up your long and short-term food storage falls into this category. We bought a case of peanut butter, for example, or buying bulk grains goes here. Also, I've put things like cloth diapers or second-hand clothes in this category. Things that last and will need our needs over time.
Eat the Food: It's tough to break the habit of buying a full menu's worth of meals at the grocery store. You have to think and make an effort to use up the book you have stored. Eating from your pantry and your freezer, making full use of what you have. Trying new recipes falls here too. Eat what you've worked hard to grow and save!
Build Community Food Systems: Sharon sums it up like this: "What have you done to help other people have better food access or to make your local food system more resilient?" I include things here like gardening with the neighbors, giving talks about gardening, CSAs, farmer's markets, sharing food with people in an effort to get them to take their own steps towards self-reliance.
And a new category (I'm so excited about this one) –
Skill Up: from big things like building a beehive or cold frame, to smaller things like starting seeds or researching new ideas. Record in this category what you've done to add to your own arsenal of skills.
Over the last two years, I have recorded our steps in a weekly blog post (see them all here). But this year, I'm thinking of recording them a little differently. Look to the right, over there in my side bar. I've decided to keep a running total over there. I'll still post Independence Days updates, but probably less regularly than weekly. We'll see how it goes. I'm flexible. But I like the idea of watching it all add up in one place.
I'd love it if you decide to join the challenge too. I really like seeing the small things add up.
For more info on the Independence Days Challenge, make sure to read Sharon's post.


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This Is the Manicure You Should Get, Based on Your Astrological Sign
5 Updos in 3 Steps or Less
Don't want to wear your hair down -- again -- to the holiday parties you're headed to this week? This guide will help you DIY a dreamy updo in 5 minutes flat
Older comments
Smiley412, I couldn't agree more, it always looks so easy...until I try it :) I loved loved loved two of the styles though: the Side Chignon and the ponytail with a twist, must try!
by bookish Wednesday, April 17, 2013 at 01:49PM Report as inappropriate
love this artical it great
by littlesweets801 Sunday, March 17, 2013 at 03:32PM Report as inappropriate
by aliyana_wasserman Tuesday, March 12, 2013 at 07:51AM Report as inappropriate
They make it look soooooo easy
by smiley412 Saturday, February 23, 2013 at 09:01AM Report as inappropriate
Simple styles for my long tangly hair. Love this. I've got to try it
by Chica181 Tuesday, February 19, 2013 at 05:16PM Report as inappropriate
Cute styles, but not very creative.
by flirtygirl214 Tuesday, February 5, 2013 at 04:49PM Report as inappropriate
Messy bun!
by lindsey_marie_miller Monday, January 28, 2013 at 09:27PM Report as inappropriate
Love to try some of these!
by ACClique Saturday, January 26, 2013 at 04:02PM Report as inappropriate
Love that these look like something I could do!
by thequietnoise Sunday, January 20, 2013 at 06:32PM Report as inappropriate
I'd love to try the faux bob!
by HeathRene Tuesday, January 15, 2013 at 09:40AM Report as inappropriate


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Texture: Difference between revisions
(→Mip maps: Clarified how mipmap computation works (rounding down))
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The problem is with animation. When you slowly zoom out on a texture, you start to see aliasing artifacts appear. These are caused by sampling fewer than all of the texels; the choice of which texels are sampled changes between different frames of the animation. Even with linear filtering (see below), artifacts will appear as the camera zooms out.
The problem is with animation. When you slowly zoom out on a texture, you start to see aliasing artifacts appear. These are caused by sampling fewer than all of the texels; the choice of which texels are sampled changes between different frames of the animation. Even with linear filtering (see below), artifacts will appear as the camera zooms out.
To solve this problem, we employ mip maps. These are pre-shrunk versions of the full-sized image. Each mipmap is half the size of the previous one in the chain,
To solve this problem, we employ mip maps. These are pre-shrunk versions of the full-sized image. Each mipmap is half the size of the previous one in the chain, . So a 64x16 2D texture can have 6 mip-maps: 32x8, 16x4, 8x2, 4x1, 2x1, and 1x1. OpenGL does not require that the entire mipmap chain is complete; you can specify what range of mipmaps in a texture are available.
. a has its . .
a the the size of texture, and .
texture of , the -. So a texture .
a mipmap the size of texture, and .
The base level of a texture does not have to be loaded.
The base level of a texture does not have to be loaded. range of mipmaps , .
== Texture Objects ==
== Texture Objects ==
Revision as of 16:28, 21 June 2020
- Buffer Objects
- Vertex Array Objects
- Textures
- Asynchronous query objects
- Framebuffer Objects
- Unconventional objects:
A texture is an OpenGL Object that contains one or more images that all have the same image format. A texture can be used in two ways: it can be the source of a texture access from a Shader, or it can be used as a render target.
For the purpose of this discussion, an image is defined as a single array of pixels of a certain dimensionality (1D, 2D, or 3D), with a particular size, and a specific format.
A texture is a container of one or more images. But textures do not store arbitrary images; a texture has specific constraints on the images it can contain. There are three defining characteristics of a texture, each of them defining part of those constraints: the texture type, texture size, and the image format used for images in the texture. The texture type defines the arrangement of images within the texture. The size defines the size of the images in the texture. And the image format defines the format that all of these images share.
There are a number of different types of textures. These are:
- GL_TEXTURE_1D: Images in this texture all are 1-dimensional. They have width, but no height or depth.
- GL_TEXTURE_2D: Images in this texture all are 2-dimensional. They have width and height, but no depth.
- GL_TEXTURE_3D: Images in this texture all are 3-dimensional. They have width, height, and depth.
- GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE: The image in this texture (only one image. No mipmapping) is 2-dimensional. Texture coordinates used for these textures are not normalized.
- GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER: The image in this texture (only one image. No mipmapping) is 1-dimensional. The storage for this data comes from a Buffer Object.
- GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP: There are exactly 6 distinct sets of 2D images, all of the same size. They act as 6 faces of a cube.
- GL_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY: Images in this texture all are 1-dimensional. However, it contains multiple sets of 1-dimensional images, all within one texture. The array length is part of the texture's size.
- GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY: Images in this texture all are 2-dimensional. However, it contains multiple sets of 2-dimensional images, all within one texture. The array length is part of the texture's size.
- GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_ARRAY: Images in this texture are all cube maps. It contains multiple sets of cube maps, all within one texture. The array length * 6 (number of cube faces) is part of the texture size.
- GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE: The image in this texture (only one image. No mipmapping) is 2-dimensional. Each pixel in these images contains multiple samples instead of just one value.
- GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY: Combines 2D array and 2D multisample types. No mipmapping.
Texture sizes have a limit based on the GL implementation. For 1D and 2D textures (and any texture types that use similar dimensionality, like cubemaps) the max size of either dimension is GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE. For array textures, the maximum array length is GL_MAX_ARRAY_TEXTURE_LAYERS. For 3D textures, no dimension can be greater than GL_MAX_3D_TEXTURE_SIZE in size.
Within these limits, the size of a texture can be any value. It is advised however, that you stick to powers-of-two for texture sizes, unless you have a significant need to use arbitrary sizes.
Mip maps
When a texture is directly applied to a surface, how many pixels of that texture (commonly called "texels") are used depends on the angle at which that surface is rendered. A texture mapped to a plane that is almost edge-on with the camera will only use a fraction of the pixels of the texture. Similarly, looking directly down on the texture from far away will show fewer texels than an up-close version.
The problem is with animation. When you slowly zoom out on a texture, you start to see aliasing artifacts appear. These are caused by sampling fewer than all of the texels; the choice of which texels are sampled changes between different frames of the animation. Even with linear filtering (see below), artifacts will appear as the camera zooms out.
To solve this problem, we employ mip maps. These are pre-shrunk versions of the full-sized image. Each mipmap is half the size (rounded down) of the previous one in the chain, continuing until all dimensions are 1. So a 64x16 2D texture can have 6 mip-maps: 32x8, 16x4, 8x2, 4x1, 2x1, and 1x1. OpenGL does not require that the entire mipmap chain is complete; you can specify what range of mipmaps in a texture are available.
Note that the division by 2 rounds down. So a 63x63 texture has as its next lowest mipmap level 31x31. And so on.
The base level of a mipmap chain is the largest one in size. It is also the one that defines the full size of the texture. OpenGL numbers this mipmap level as 0; the next largest mipmap level is 1, and so on.
Some texture types have multiple conceptually independent sets of mipmaps. Each face of a cubemap has its own set of mipmaps, as does each entry in an array texture. However, while the chains are conceptually independent, there is only one mipmap setting per-texture. So all of the mipmap chains in a texture must have the same number of mipmaps.
When sampling a texture (see below), the implementation will automatically select which mipmap to use based on the viewing angle, size of texture, and various other factors.
The base level of a texture does not have to be loaded. The valid range of mipmaps must be contiguous, but the range need not start at 0.
Texture Objects
Textures in OpenGL are OpenGL Objects, and they follow the standard conventions of such. So they have the standard glGenTextures, glBindTexture, as you would expect.
The target parameter of glBindTexture corresponds to the texture's type. So when you use a freshly generated texture name, the first bind helps define the type of the texture. It is not legal to bind an object to a different target than the one it was previously bound with. So if you generate a texture and bind it as GL_TEXTURE_1D, then you must continue to bind it as such.
As with any other kind of OpenGL object, it is legal to bind multiple objects to different targets. So you can have a GL_TEXTURE_1D bound while a GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY is bound.
Texture completeness
A texture object has the concept of "completeness". A complete texture object is one which is in a logical state to be used for many operations. Until a texture is complete, it *cannot* be used in shader sampling or Image Load Store operations. And attaching an image from a texture to a Framebuffer Object requires certain forms of completeness.
A texture object is complete if it fulfills the following 3 kinds of completeness requirements.
Mipmap completeness
Mipmap completeness essentially requires that there is consistency between the image formats of the allocated mipmap levels, the texture parameters, and the texture's sampling parameters.
Textures that use storage allocated with immutable storage functions (and Buffer Textures) will always be mipmap complete. For other textures, the following rules apply.
If the texture's sampling parameter GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER specifies that it uses mipmaps, then the following must all be true:
- Each mipmap level must use the exact same internal format.
- Each allocated mipmap level must have a consistent size, relative to the one before it. The width/height/depth of a mipmap level is the width/height/depth of the base level / 2k, where k is the mipmap level (remember: 0 is the base level). Remember to round down, and that the minimum size is 1.
- 1D Array Textures have a width and height. But the height specifies the number of array layers in the array of 1D textures. Therefore, the height does not change with mipmap levels. Each mipmap level uses the same height. The same goes for 2D Array textures and Cubemap Array textures with the depth parameter.
- The mipmap range texture parameters are given values where GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL <= GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL.
- The base and max levels must only specify mipmap levels that have been allocated, in accord with the above.
Mipmap completion only applies if the minification filtering parameters use mipmaps. If it does not, then the texture is always mipmap complete.
Cubemap completeness
Cubemap Textures have additional requirements, due to how they are allocated (with mutable storage functions). Textures that use storage allocated with immutable storage functions will always be cubemap complete. For other textures, the following rules apply:
- For each mipmap level, each face of a cubemap must have the same size. And that size must be square.
- For each mipmap level, each face of a cubemap must have the same internal format.
Image format completeness
The internal format a texture uses can also affect its completeness, depending on its sampling parameters.
Integer color formats and stencil index formats (whether GL_STENCIL_INDEX directly or via Stencil Texturing) do not support linear filtering. As such, the GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER sampling parameter must be GL_NEAREST, and GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER must be either GL_NEAREST or GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST.
Sampler objects and completeness
When using a texture with a Sampler Object, the completeness of that texture will be based on the sampler object's sampling parameters, rather than the internal sampling parameters of the texture.
For example, if a texture object only has the base mipmap, and the mipmap range parameters permit accessing beyond the base level, that texture object will be incomplete if the GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER parameters require access to mipmaps other than the base level. However, if you pair this object with a sampler who's min filter is GL_LINEAR or GL_NEAREST, then that texture image unit will be mipmap complete.
Similarly, if a texture uses an integer Image Format, and the paired sampler only uses nearest filtering, the texture will be image format complete.
So a texture may be considered complete or not, based on where it is used.
Image Load Store does not use sampler objects. But it still performs texture completeness checks. So it will apply the completeness rules based on the texture's internal sampling parameters, not those of a sampler object.
Texture objects come in three parts: storage, sampling parameters, and texture parameters. There are numerous functions to create a texture's storage; so many that the article needs its own page to describe them all.
Texture objects have parameters. These parameters control many aspects of how the texture functions.
Texture parameters are set with the following functions:
void glTexParameter[if]( GLenum target, GLenum pname, T param);
void glTexParameter[if]v( GLenum target, GLenum pname, T *params );
void glTexParameterI[i ui]v( GLenum target, GLenum pname, T *params );
These function set the parameter values param or params for the particular parameter pname in the texture bound to target.
In the anatomy of a texture object image above, it shows three pieces of data: Texture Storage, texture parameters, and sampling parameters. It's important to understand that both of the last two kinds of data are set by the same functions for textures. Certain parameters are about the texture itself, and some are about sampling from them.
This section will describe the texture parameters only.
Mipmap range
The parameters GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL and GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL (integer values) define the closed range of the mipmaps that are to be considered available with this texture. Nothing can cause the sampling of mipmaps smaller than GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL and nothing can cause the sampling of mipmaps greater than GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL. This even filters into GLSL; the texture size functions will retrieve the size of GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL, rather than the size of mipmap level 0.
Note that immutable storage textures will already have these values set to the mipmap range of the storage upon creation. You can set them to be some subrange of this, but it is an error to set the base or max level outside of the available mipmap range for the immutable storage.
Swizzle mask
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While GLSL shaders are perfectly capable of reordering the vec4 value returned by a texture function, it is often more convenient to control the ordering of the data fetched from a texture from code. This is done through swizzle parameters.
Texture objects can have swizzling parameters. This only works for textures with color image formats. Each of the four output components, RGBA, can be set to come from a particular color channel. The swizzle mask is respected by all shader read accesses, whether via texture samplers or Image Load Store.
To set the output for a component, you would set the GL_TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_C texture parameter, where C is R, G, B, or A. These parameters can be set to the following values:
- GL_RED: The value for this component comes from the red channel of the image. All color formats have at least a red channel.
- GL_GREEN: The value for this component comes from the green channel of the image, or 0 if it has no green channel.
- GL_BLUE: The value for this component comes from the blue channel of the image, or 0 if it has no blue channel.
- GL_ALPHA: The value for this component comes from the alpha channel of the image, or 1 if it has no alpha channel.
- GL_ZERO: The value for this component is always 0.
- GL_ONE: The value for this component is always 1.
You can also use the GL_TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_RGBA parameter to set all four at once. This one takes an array of four values. For example:
// Bind the texture 2D.
GLint swizzleMask[] = {GL_ZERO, GL_ZERO, GL_ZERO, GL_RED};
glTexParameteriv(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_RGBA, swizzleMask);
This will effectively map the red channel in the image to the alpha channel when the shader accesses it.
Stencil texturing
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A texture with a depth image format is normally considered a depth component texture. This means that non-depth comparison access will return a single floating-point value (as depth components are either normalized integers or floats). Depth textures in this way can be considered a special form of single-channel floating-point color textures.
However, if the texture uses a packed depth/stencil image format, it is possible to access the stencil component instead of the depth component. This is controlled by the parameter GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_TEXTURE_MODE.
When the parameter is set to GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, then accessing it from the shader will access the depth component as a single float, as normal. But when the parameter is set to GL_STENCIL_INDEX, the shader can access the stencil component.
This parameter changes the very nature of the texture access. The stencil component is an unsigned integer value, so you must use an unsigned integer sampler when accessing it. So when accessing the stencil component of a 2D depth/stencil texture, you must use usampler2D.
Sampling parameters
Sampling is the process of fetching a value from a texture at a given position. GLSL controls much of the process of sampling, but there are many values associated with the texture object that can affect this as well.
These parameters are shared with Sampler Objects, in that both texture objects and sampler objects have them. If a texture is used with a sampler object, all of the parameters from the sampler object override those set by the texture object.
Texture image units
Binding textures for use in OpenGL is a little weird. There are two reasons to bind a texture object to the context: to change the object (e.g. modify its storage or its parameters) or to render something with it.
Changing the texture's stored state can be done with the above simple glBindTexture call. However, actually rendering with a texture is a bit more complicated.
A texture can be bound to one or more locations. These locations are called texture image units. OpenGL contexts have a maximum number of texture image units, queriable from the constant GL_MAX_COMBINED_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS.
What image unit a glBindTexture call binds the texture to depends on the current active texture image unit. This value is set by calling:
The value of texture is GL_TEXTURE0 + i, where i is a number on the half-open range [0, GL_MAX_COMBINED_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS). This will cause the texture image unit i to be the current active image unit.
Each texture image unit supports bindings to all targets. So a 2D texture and an array texture can be bound to the same image unit, or different 2D textures can be bound in two different image units without affecting each other. So which texture gets used when rendering? In GLSL, this depends on the type of sampler that uses this texture image unit.
The glActiveTexture function defines the texture image unit that any function that takes a texture target as a parameter uses.
GLSL binding
Shader programs are one of two uses of textures. In order to use textures with a program, the program itself must use certain syntax to expose texture binding points.
A sampler in GLSL is a uniform variable that represents an accessible texture. It cannot be set from within a program; it can only be set by the user of the program. Sampler types correspond to OpenGL texture types.
Samplers are used with GLSL texture access functions.
The process of using textures with program samplers involves 2 halves. Texture objects are not directly associated with or attached to program objects. Instead, program samplers reference texture image unit indices. Whatever textures are bound to those image units at the time of rendering are used by the program.
So the first step is to set the uniform value for the program samplers. For each sampler uniform, set its uniform value to an integer on the range [0, GL_MAX_COMBINED_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS). When the time comes to use the program directly, simply use glActiveTexture and glBindTexture to bind the textures of interest to these image units.
The textures bound to the image unit set in the sampler uniforms must match the sampler's type. So a sampler1D will look to the GL_TEXTURE_1D binding in the image unit it is set in.
If a Sampler Object is bound to the same texture image unit as a texture, then the sampler object's parameters will replace the sampling parameters from that texture object.
Images within a texture can be used for arbitrary image load/store operations. This is done via image variables, which are declared as uniforms. Image uniforms are associated with an image unit (different from a texture image unit). The association works similarly as for sampler uniforms, only the number of image units per shader stage is different from the number of texture image units per shader stage.
Images are bound to image units with glBindImageTexture.
Render targets
Through the use of a framebuffer object, individual images within a texture can be the destination for rendering.
- Category:Core API Ref Texturing: Reference documentation for all functions related to textures and sampler objects.


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How much can your kid run? Global research indicates youngsters might be getting less than recommended dose of exercise and activity, which calls for prompt action
Today's kids can't keep up with their parents. An analysis of studies on millions of children around the world finds they don't run as fast or as far as their parents did when they were young.
On average, it takes children 90 seconds longer to run a mile than their counterparts did 30 years ago. Heart-related fitness has declined 5 percent per decade since 1975 for children ages 9 to 17.
The American Heart Association, whose conference featured the research , says it's the first to show that children's fitness has declined worldwide over the last three decades.
"It makes sense. We have kids that are less active than before," said Dr. Stephen Daniels, a University of Colorado pediatrician and spokesman for the heart association.
Health experts recommend that children 6 and older get 60 minutes of moderately vigorous activity accumulated over a day.
The new study was led by Grant Tomkinson, an exercise physiologist at the University of South Australia. Researchers analyzed 50 studies on running fitness - a key measure of cardiovascular health and endurance - involving 25 million children ages 9 to 17 in 28 countries from 1964 to 2010.
The studies measured how far children could run in 5 to 15 minutes and how quickly they ran a certain distance, ranging from half a mile to two miles. Today's kids are about 15 percent less fit than their parents were, researchers concluded.
"The changes are very similar for boys and girls and also for various ages," but differed by geographic region, Tomkinson said.
The decline in fitness seems to be leveling off in Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and perhaps in the last few years in North America. However, it continues to fall in China, and Japan never had much falloff - fitness has remained fairly consistent there. About 20 million of the 25 million children in the studies were from Asia.
In China, annual fitness test data show the country's students have become slower and fatter over the past several decades.
Experts and educators blame an obsession with academic testing scores for China's competitive college admissions as well as a proliferation of indoor entertainment options such gaming and web surfing for the decline.
China's Education Ministry data show that in 2010 male college students ran 1,000 meters (yards) 14 to 15 seconds slower on average than male students who ran a decade earlier. Female students slowed by about 12 seconds in running 800 meters.
Motoaki Nito of the Sports and Youth Bureau at Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology said there had been a decline in physical fitness among youth since the 1980s.
To turn that around, the government has urged municipalities and schools to promote youth fitness. Nito said that this had resulted in a gradual increase of physical strength, which while not equal to levels seen in the 1980s, had reversed the trend.
Tomkinson and Daniels said obesity likely plays a role, since it makes it harder to run or do any aerobic exercise. Too much time watching television and playing video games and unsafe neighborhoods with not enough options for outdoor play also may play a role, they said.
Other research discussed global declines in activity.
Fitness is "pretty poor in adults and even worse in young people," especially in the United States and eastern Europe, said Dr. Ulf Ekelund of the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences in Oslo, Norway.
World Health Organization numbers suggest that 80 percent of young people globally may not be getting enough exercise.


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New Guidebooks! Beta for Fitz Roy, Rifle and More …
Beta for Fitz Roy and Rifle, also new releases in memoir, fiction and more …
Though bleary-eyed behind dark sunglasses the morning after a booming book-launch party, Dave Pegg still darted around under his E-Z Up canopy fast enough to sell six dozen copies of the new Rifle Mountain Park guidebook at the Rifle Climbers' Festival last weekend. The previous guidebook, also by Pegg, is five years old, and in the interim new routes and whole walls have been cleaned and climbed at this busy area.
You could call this and another much-anticipated guidebook, to the Fitz Roy area, the Very Big and the Very Small. Current releases in the guidebook/climbing-book genre include a densely informative guide to Patagonian climbing, a woman's memoir of a true mountain disaster and arduous self-rescue, a work of fiction based in Yosemite, and a scientific compendium on our endangered polar and Himalayan regions. Upcoming in October is an Everest memoir from that productive climber and sometime movie extra Ed Viesturs.
•Rifle Mountain Park, Western Colorado Rock Climbs, Volume 1, by Dave Pegg, www.wolverinepublishing.com, $26. More than 400 routes, 60 of them new, with info on two new cliffs (Kubrick's and the Sanctuary). Also available as a smartphone app: for info, see http://wolverinepublishing.com/rakkup-rifle-app
Rolando Garibotti (who else?) has completed his photo-intensive and meticulously researched new guidebook to the Chaltén Massif in Southern Patagonia. Growing up in Bariloche, "Rolo" first visited the Chaltén area in 1986, when he climbed Aguja Guillaumet at age 15. He has been a leading activist and force in the region ever since.
•Patagonia Vertical, by Rolando Garibotti and Dörte Pietron, http://www.patagonia.com/us/product/patagonia-vertical?p=BK690-0-000, $50. Covers "every peak and climb" in the Cerro Fitz Roy and Cerro Torre chains, Cordón Adela, Cordón Marconi, Cerro Piergiorgio and the Cerro Pollone group. Information on routes, gear, approaches/descents, history. Contains 368 full-color pages, cites 250 routes up 39 peaks. Updates and additional info on Pataclimb.com.
On June 29, 2010, Isabel Suppé and Peter Wiesenekker were climbing a peak in the Bolivian Andes when they fell 1,100 feet to the bottom of the face.
•Starry Night, by Isabel Suppé, http://isabelsuppe.wix.com/isabelsuppe, $16.50. Two climbers were 150 feet shy of the summit ridge on Ala Izquierda del Condoriri when Peter Wiesenekker took a Factor 2 fall that ripped out their anchors. Both broke bones and Wiesenekker sustained a head injury. Isabel Suppé, with a compound fracture of two bones in her lower leg, crawled across a glacier for two days and two nights in search of help.
Although from Germany, Suppé lives in Argentina, and this survival tale, newly available in English, first appeared in Spanish. The author is currently on a book tour of this country, traveling by bike and, she tells us, "camping in ditches."
Peter Brown Hoffmeister, author of a new work of fiction, has written for this magazine and in recent years published the very fine memoir The End of Boys, a gritty yet near ethereal narrative of his downward spiral as a youth shunted from home to one institution and the next. Yet he survived, and climbing spoke to him and sustains him. Hoffmeister's new book is a novel set in Yosemite.
•Graphic the Valley, by Peter Brown Hoffmeister, tyrusbooks.com, $24.95. The young climber Tenaya has grown up in Yosemite, in an intimate relationship to his environs and their legends. To fight commercialization in the Valley, he and a friend undertake acts of eco-terrorism. But wouldn't you know, Tenaya falls in love with a young woman from the development company? This epic-style tale contains historic renderings of the Mariposa Battalion's invasion in 1851, the flood of 1997, the Lodestar crash and climber involvement, and old Chief Tenaya's death over a bad horse deal.
Also just out, from an associate professor at the Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, is a rigorously scientific book on the "three poles" and their extreme yet vulnerable environments.
•Protection of the Three Poles, by Falk Huettmann
, www.springer.com, eBook $149.00, hardcover
$189 (must be good!). With text written by 30 others as well as the author, the book explores the Arctic, Antarctic and Hindu Kush-Himalaya, detailing their rich bio-diversity and the need for comprehensive conservation. The three poles, the author states clearly, "are burning."
Last, due to appear in October is Ed Viesturs' latest memoir, his and David Roberts' fourth collaboration, The Mountain: My Time on Everest. Viesturs, still the only American to have climbed all of the 8,000-meter peaks, begins with his first attempt on Everest, in 1987, when the mountain had been climbed barely over 200 times, and he perceives and presents his 11 Everest expeditions as spanning his climbing career.
•The Mountain: My Time on Everest: the Irresistible Lure of the World's Highest Peak (yes, the galley proofs show two subtitles), www.simonandschuster.com, $27. Viesturs offers his personal history on the mountain; opinions on famous ascents, debates and tragedies; and information on endeavors you might once have read about but only vaguely recall. Foreword by Tom Hornbein, architect of the visionary 1963 West Ridge ascent.
If you have recently published a guidebook or climbing/mountaineering book of which we are unaware, please post information below. Give title, website/price and a thumbnail description (one to three lines) of its contents.


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Tennessee girl, 5, dies from being forced to drink grape soda
SURGIONSVILLE, Tenn. - An East Tennessee couple faces a murder charge, accused of forcing the man's 5-year-old daughter to drink more than 2 liters of grape soda and water, causing her brain to swell and rupture, authorities said.
According to the Hawkins County Sheriff's Office and the autopsy report, Alexa Linboom was brought in to the emergency room on Jan. 1, 2012, by her father, Randall Vaughn, and his wife, Mary Vaughn.
The girl was blue and unresponsive with "an abnormal body posture that indicates severe brain damage," according to the autopsy, which was completed in July 2013.
The Vaughns were arrested on Wednesday and were being held at the Hawkins County Jail on a $500,000 bond each. Officials did not know whether the Vaughns had hired an attorney. Their arraignment was scheduled for Friday morning.
An investigation revealed the girl had been forced to drink approximately 2.4 liters of water and soda over one to two hours as punishment. The massive intake of fluid caused her brain to swell and herniate.
According to the autopsy, when she was forced to drink all that liquid, she began vomiting, urinated on herself and asked to take a bath.
"Outside of the bathtub, she tried to eat oatmeal with assistance then started clenching her hands." She arrived at the hospital about 2 to 3 hours later.
"Caretakers told hospital staff that during the ride to the hospital, she sat up in the vehicle and played patty cake," according to the autopsy.
She was transported by air to a regional hospital where she was pronounced brain dead two days later.
The autopsy states that the girl had moved to Tennessee to live with her father about three months before her death. The move was prompted by allegations of neglect at her previous home.
A pediatric check-up about three months before her death had shown no significant problems. She was taken to an outpatient clinic about a month before her death for excessive thirst, urination and eating, but nothing was found to be wrong with her.
According to the autopsy, "Other adults who had regular contact with the child before and after her move to Tennessee describe her as a normal, healthy child and did not notice any unusual eating, drinking habits and that she did not wet her pants at school."
An obituary for the child said, "Some of the things that brought enjoyment to her life was coloring, playing with her Barbie dolls, her love of animals, but her most joy came when playing with her brothers and sisters."
Tennessee Department of Children's Services spokesman Rob Johnson confirmed that Alexa had lived in the home with five other children, some of whom were siblings and some of whom were half-siblings. The other children were removed from the house in Feb. 2013 and remain in DCS custody.


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Payday Loans in Honolulu, Hawaii
Do you live in Honolulu Hawaii and currently looking for a direct lender to get a payday loan? We can help you out! Our site provides the service helping to find lenders offering credit in Hawaii, HI. There is no need to worry - our service is absolutely free and does not affect your credit history in any way.
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After that your loan request is registered in our database, processed, and, according to the data you have submitted, you are connected with the most suitable lender. Then the system offers you the terms and conditions of the credit, its rates and fees. If you agree to them, the payday loan lender working in Honolulu transfers the funds into your account.
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We also work with the lenders in Honolulu who offer other types of credit, with larger amounts and credit payment periods. If you consider requesting an installment loan or a personal loan of up to $15,000, you should go to the corresponding sections of the menu for further information.
Payday loans are gaining more and more popularity as federal regulators have set up fixed rates for each state and short-term loans became available to every citizen. If you have found yourself in the circumstances you can not avoid and are out of cash, consider requesting a short-term loan till your next payday.
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So, it has never been easier to find a cash advance lender in Honolulu, Hawaii, you do not have to flip through the Yellow Pages, call on dozens of telephone numbers, go to the office and sign the agreement - you just fill out an online form and let us do all the rest for you. We are sure to meet your expectations find the best deal for you.


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Christmas is coming! Santa is near. The girls can feel it in the air.
This year we've donated money to our local food bank on behalf of all of our nieces, nephews and family members. To be honest, it was the best thing ever. Each family is taking care of their own little ones with gifts, etc – but we've been so happy to teach the girls our reality. And what is that reality? Well, we may not have everything, but we have a heck of a lot more than many others in our community. And there too, but for the Grace of God, …. in this economy, you never know.
For the last few years, my classes and I have held special food drives for a weekend food program for hungry kids in Pre-K through 6th Grade. (Other kids can access food programs through their family aid.) The program ("Backpack for Kids") sends home a backpack filled with easy-to-serve/make (pop-top cans, etc) and highly nutritious foods for little people. The meals target little ones who may not have access to food otherwise on the weekends. As a teacher, I know too well the look of hunger on a student's face. This year, the program serves 1,700 kids in our community. That is up from 1,100 kids just last year.
600 more kids in need.
It's a number that floored me.
I don't need to hammer you with statistics, you probably know them. Let's just say, I'm happy to know that our donations will serve a purpose. There are some great places to make a donation on behalf of your loved ones if you are struggling with what to get for someone. Not only to I recommend your local food bank, but please consider joining us in making donations to these other organizations:
- The Spoon Foundation: Working to combat hunger and childhood deficiencies in orphanages worldwide.
- Share Our Strength: No Kid Hungry – working in the US to end childhood hunger.
And then make some great cards to let those you love know how they've helped another this holiday season. 😀
And when you sit down to write your Santa letter, you could always ask for chocolates for your neighbors too.
At least that is what Zoe did. She and I were talking about the food bank (she's been there with me to drop off donations, etc a few times). She asked me if the three neighbors near us would be going to the food bank this year. I told her I didn't know, but that I didn't think so. So then she asked if they had any 'ersheys (aka "Hersheys") in their houses. (Can you tell what we were out of? No chocolate in the house can be a disturbing thing.)
Since I told her that I wasn't sure, she then added "chocolate for the neighbors" to her Santa letter. Personally, I think fudge is better. Especially at Christmas time.
So have no fear, if a donation doesn't fit your last-minute gift-giving plan, try making this fudge. I've sent some along with my Love to work for his Christmas party and they were a hit. Today, I'm making another batch – more for the neighbors and this time, I'm going to make some salted-caramel mocha fudge too. Yum!
This recipe is based on my mom's fudge recipe. Her recipe rocks and was so easy to adapt to add coffee extract, etc to make it a mocha flavor.
Dark Chocolate Mocha Fudge with a Toffee crunch topping
Makes one 8×8″ pan – Printable 2 page recipe here
Toffee topping: (you can substitute GF toffee bars if you'd prefer)
- 1 cup sliced almonds
- 1/2 teaspoon olive oil
- 1 Tablespoon water
- 1/4 cup butter
- 1/2 cup sugar
- 2 Tablespoon brown sugar
- 1/8 teaspoon baking soda
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- sea salt (approx. 1 teaspoon +) for sprinkling
- in a shallow pan, place the olive oil and sliced almonds over medium heat. Swirl to prevent burning, but toast the almond slices. Remove from the heat and roughly chop. Set aside.
- Place a piece of parchment paper on a cutting board. (Use a piece about as long as a cookie sheet – which will be more than long enough for this small batch of toffee.) Cover with half of the toasted almond slices. (Actually, place a pile of sliced almonds on the parchment and spread them out a bit – about to a 8″ square or so.)
- In a deep pan, using a candy thermometer, bring the water and sugars (white and brown) together to a boil. Cook, stirring the middle of the pan but without scraping the sides (you can swirl the pan a bit if needed), until you reach a temperature of 285F.
- Immediately remove the pan from the heat and add the baking soda and vanilla extract. Again, stir these ingredients in but do not scrap the pan.
- Quickly pour the mixture over the almond slices on the parchment paper – but don't scrap your pan! (Scraping will actually make your toffee crystallize and not be smooth). Cover the top of the toffee with the remaining almond slices and sprinkle with sea salt. Set aside to cool (which won't take too long).
- Crush or chop the toffee into bits. (About 1/2 of this toffee recipe easily tops one fudge recipe.)
- Make your fudge.
Dark Chocolate Mocha Fudge
Makes one 8 by 8″ pan
- 2 cups of sugar
- 2/3 cup of milk
- 3 Tablespoons instant coffee
- 12 regular sized marshmallows
- 1 stick of butter (1/2 cup or a quarter pound)
- 1 large package dark chocolate chips (10-12 ounces)
- 1 1/2 teaspoons coffee extract – OR – 1 teaspoon vanilla extract + 1/2 teaspoon coffee extract
- Sea salt for sprinkling
- Butter the bottom of your 8×8″ pan well.
- Cook together sugar, milk, instant coffee, and marshmallows over a medium heat. Stirring constantly, bring it to a boil, then turn the temperature down a bit. You want to keep a low boil – but too high of a temperature will cause the sugar to form large bubbles that pop and become lava-like burn potential while boiling – be carefully!
- Stir constantly over this low boil for 5 1/2 to 6 minutes. (Longer and the fudge will be hard, not long enough and the fudge won't set.) (Cook until soft ball stage or between 235-240F)
- Remove from the heat, add the butter, dark chocolate chips and coffee extract. Stir until well incorporated.
- Pour into your prepared pan.
- Top quickly with the chopped toffee pieces and sprinkle a little sea salt over the top.
- Allow to cool/set before cutting into pieces to serve or share.
And don't forget to walk some over to your neighbors as well.
After all, chocolate is for sharing, right?
Merry Christmas, All!
PS. Thanks for the fudge recipe, Mom! I've had it for years in my recipe book from you… and don't think I've ever dared to make it. Not that it's hard… I just knew that I would eat the whole pan! Thank goodness for little girls (who love chocolate) and neighbors, right?