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Volcanology Higher Education Catalogue v1
01 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Jacqueline Dohaney, Alison Jolley, Ben Kennedy, Alexander Watson
Here we share the up to date list of peer reviewed literature concerning volcanology higher education. (Last updated: June 1, 2023)To add a piece to the catalogue, please email the first author (email@example.com). It takes some time to code the literature, so please be patient. For...
Volcanic Ash Explorer Workflow
16 Aug 2022 | *Tools | Contributor(s): Renette Jones-Ivey, Marcus I Bursik, Abani Patra, Klaus Sievers
Volcanic Ash Explorer Workflow
Tephra inversion with Tephra2 and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm
0.0 out of 5 stars
21 Jun 2020 | Offline Tools | Contributor(s): Qingyuan Yang, E Bruce Pitman, Marcus I Bursik, Susanna Jenkins
We couple the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm (Hastings, 1970) with the volcanic ash transport model Tephra2 (Bonadonna et al, 2005; 2010), and present the coupled algorithm as a new method to estimate the Eruption Source Parameters (ESPs) of volcanic eruptions based on mass per unit area...
1st IAVCEI/GVM Workshop: "From Volcanic Hazard to Risk Assessment", Geneva, 27-29 June 2018
18 Dec 2018 | Workshops | Contributor(s): Costanza Bonadonna, Sebastien Biass, Eliza S Calder, Corine Frischknecht, Chris Eric Gregg, Susanna Jenkins, Sue C Loughlin, Scira Menoni, Shinji Takarada, Tom Wilson
The complexity of volcanic risk analysis typically resides in the interaction of multiple hazard, vulnerability and exposure aspects dynamically acting over various spatial and temporal scales. Risk analyses provide an evidence-based approach to development and implementation of proactive...
A new method to identify the vent location of tephra fall deposits based on thickness or maximum clast size measurements (SVL)
17 Apr 2018 | Offline Tools | Contributor(s): Qingyuan Yang, Marcus I Bursik, E Bruce Pitman
This tool presents a new method to identify the vent location of tephra fall deposits based on thickness or maximum clast size measurements. It is temporarily named "svl", which is short for Source Vent Locator. The method estimates the vent location by coupling semi-empirical models...
INQUA–INTAV International Field Conference and Workshop: Crossing New Frontiers
4.0 out of 5 stars
14 Mar 2018 | Workshops | Contributor(s): Marcus I Bursik
The INQUA International Focus Group on Tephrochronology and Volcanism (INTAV) cordially invites you to participate in the Crossing New Frontiers - Tephra Hunt in Transylvania international field conference that aims to continue the long tradition of very successful inter-INQUA congress tephra...
Mono-Inyo Tephra Database
5.0 out of 5 stars
01 Aug 2017 | *Data Sets/Collections | Contributor(s): Marcus I Bursik
The Mono-Inyo Craters is a zone of active volcanism in California, USA, that extends from Mammoth Mountain and Long Valley caldera in the south to the islands of Mono Lake in the north. This resource provides the citation for the Mono-Inyo tephra database. The database can...
Tephra 2017 Workshop : Best practices in tephra collection, analysis, and reporting leading toward better tephra databases
15 Jun 2017 | Workshops | Contributor(s): Marcus I Bursik, Stephen C Kuehn, Kristi L Wallace, Andrei V Kurbatov
Best practices in tephra collection, analysis, and reporting: Leading toward better tephra databasesThis is a page for the Tephra 2017 workshop, held in Portland, OR, 19 August 2017. The workshop was a follow-on to the Tephra 2014 workshop, held 3-7 August 2014, also in...
La erupción del volcán Calbuco en 2015: Volcanología, sociedad y ecosistemas
25 Apr 2017 | Publications | Contributor(s): Jorge E. Romero
La erupción del 22-23 de abril de 2015 del Volcán Calbuco tuvo impactos en las actividades sociales y ecosistemas en el sur de Chile y en Argentina, debido a la espesa caída de piroclastos, corrientes calientes de gases y rocas, además de flujos de lodo...
TephraProb: a Matlab package for probabilistic hazard assessments of tephra fallout
15 Sep 2016 | Offline Tools | Contributor(s): Sebastien Biass, Costanza Bonadonna, Laura J Connor, Chuck B Connor
Download the code on GitHub: https://github.com/e5k/TephraProbFollow updates on: https://e5k.github.io/TephraProb is a toolbox of Matlab functions designed to produce scenario–based probabilistic hazard assessments for ground tephra accumulation. The toolbox includes a series of...
Maar-diatremes - a course module
13 Jun 2016 | Educational Materials | Contributor(s): Greg A Valentine, Alison Graettinger
Maar-diatremes are one of the most common volcanic landforms on Earth, and represent an end-member type of volcano whose eruptions are dominated by explosive, subsurface magma-water interaction. Thus they should form an important component of volcanology courses. The recent decade has...
Tephra isopach, extent and volume calculation in R
04 Mar 2016 | Offline Tools | Contributor(s): Qingyuan Yang, Marcus I Bursik
The method presented here is used to interpolate the thickness distribution of tephra fall deposits from point measurements. It first reconstructs the general thickness decay pattern, or "trend," and then models the residuals that cannot be explained by the trend with...
A Matlab implementation of the Carey and Sparks (1986) model
04 Nov 2015 | Offline Tools | Contributor(s): Sebastien Biass, Gholamohssein Bagheri, Costanza Bonadonna
Download the code on GitHub: https://github.com/e5k/CareySparks86_MatlabFollow updates on: https://e5k.github.io/ This file is a Matlab implementation of the Carey and Sparks (1986) model to estimate i) the plume height above sampling altitude and ii) the wind speed at the...
14 Aug 2015 | Offline Tools | Contributor(s): Matteo Cerminara, Tomaso Esposti Ongaro
A fluid-dynamic model is developed to numerically simulate the non-equilibrium dynamics of polydisperse gas-particle mixtures forming volcanic plumes. Starting from the three-dimensional N-phase Eulerian transport equations for a mixture of gases and solid particles, we adopt an asymptotic...
Tephra 2014-2020 Document Repository
01 Jul 2015 | Publications | Contributor(s): Marcus I Bursik, Solene Pouget, Stephen C Kuehn, Kristi L Wallace, Andrei V Kurbatov
Beginning with the consensus document (with three appendices) resulting from the Tephra 2014 Workshop, this is the document repository for the Tephra 2014, 2017 and 2019 Workshops on standardization.The immediate goal of the tephra standardization effort is to translate checklists...
VUELCO- Dominica Exercise Debriefing Report
18 Jun 2015 | Miscellaneous | Contributor(s): Stefano Ciolli, Richard E.A. Robertson
Document summarizing the debriefing of the exercise, developed with the contribution of all the involved partners.
Insights from Volcanic Unrest Simulation Exercises
18 Jun 2015 | Presentations | Contributor(s): Stefano Ciolli, Chiara Cristiani
Lecture given during the second VUELCO short-course, held in Dominica on 13th and 14th May 2015.
Volcanic risk management in Italy: a perspective from a decision maker.
23 Apr 2015 | Presentations | Contributor(s): Stefano Ciolli
Lecture given to the 1st VUELCO workshop held in Colima (Mexico) during the 7th Cities on Volcanoes Conference, 18th November 2012
Spread sheet to calculate tephra volume for exponential thinning
10 Apr 2015 | Offline Tools | Contributor(s): Manuel Nathenson, Judy Fierstein
An Excel spread sheet and instructions are provided to calculate tephra volume for exponential thinning on a log(thickness) versus square root of area plot. The spread sheet calculates volumes for a single straight line and for two straight lines. The equations for the calculations are from...
Tephra 2014 Field Trip Guide
08 Dec 2014 | Publications | Contributor(s): Stephen C Kuehn
Guidebook for the field trip to Mount Saint Helens conducted 4-August-2014 as part of the Tephra 2014 workshop.


text:
Trade names: Ifex®
Chemocare.com uses generic names in all descriptions of drugs. Ifex is the trade
name for Ifosfamide. In some cases, health care professionals may use the trade
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Drug type: Ifosfamide is an anti-cancer ("antineoplastic"
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The following side effects are common (occurring in greater than 30%) for
patients taking ifosfamide:
Nadir: Meaning low point, nadir is the point in time between chemotherapy
cycles in which you experience low blood counts.
Onset: 7-14 days
Nadir: 10-14 days
Recovery: 21-28 days
Nadir: Meaning low point, nadir is the point in time between chemotherapy
cycles in which you experience low blood counts.
Onset: 7-14 days
Nadir: 10-14 days
Recovery: 21-28 days
These side effects are less common side effects (occurring in about 10-29%)
of patients receiving ifosfamide:
Delayed effects:
Your fertility, meaning your ability to conceive or father a child, may be affected
by ifosfamide. Please discuss this issue with your health care provider.
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division, whether normal or cancerous cells, is through the cell cycle. The
cell cycle goes from the resting phase, through active growing phases, and then
to mitosis (division).
The ability of chemotherapy to kill cancer cells depends on its ability to halt
cell division. Usually, the drugs work by damaging the RNA or DNA that tells
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they die. The faster the cells are dividing, the more likely it is that chemotherapy
will kill the cells, causing the tumor to shrink. They also induce cell suicide
(self-death or apoptosis).
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specific. Chemotherapy drugs that affect cells when they are at rest are called
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the hair follicles; resulting in low blood counts, mouth sores, nausea, diarrhea,
and/or hair loss. Different drugs may affect different parts of the body.
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Ifosfamide is chemically related to the nitrogen mustards and is similar in chemical
structure to cyclophosphamide. Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent. Alkylating
agents are most active in the resting phase of the cell. These drugs are cell-cycle
non-specific. Ifosfamide belongs to the category of mustard gas derivatives.
Note: We strongly encourage you to talk with your health
care professional about your specific medical condition and treatments. The information
contained in this website is meant to be helpful and educational, but is not a substitute
for medical advice.
Chemocare.com is designed to provide the latest information about chemotherapy to patients and their families, caregivers and friends. For information about the 4th Angel Mentoring Program visit www.4thangel.org
Call the Cancer Answer Line at Cleveland Clinic
Copyright © 2002 - 2023 by Chemocare.com ® All rights reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
FreeBSD Manual Pages
RC(8) BSD System Manager's Manual RC(8) NAME rc -- command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup SYNOPSIS rc rc.conf rc.conf.local rc.d/ rc.firewall rc.local rc.shutdown rc.subr DESCRIPTION The rc utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process after being called by init(8). The rc.local script contains com- mands which are pertinent only to a specific site. Typically, the /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ mechanism is used instead of rc.local these days but if you want to use rc.local, it is still supported. In this case, it should source /etc/rc.conf and contain additional custom startup code for your system. The best way to handle rc.local, however, is to separate it out into rc.d/ style scripts and place them under /usr/local/etc/rc.d/. The rc.conf file contains the global system configuration information referenced by the startup scripts, while rc.conf.local contains the local system configuration. See rc.conf(5) for more information. The rc.d/ directories contain scripts which will be automatically exe- cuted at boot time and shutdown time. Operation of rc 1. If autobooting, set autoboot=yes and enable a flag (rc_fast=yes), which prevents the rc.d/ scripts from performing the check for al- ready running processes (thus speeding up the boot process). This rc_fast=yes speedup will not occur when rc is started up after exit- ing the single-user shell. 2. Determine whether the system is booting diskless, and if so run the /etc/rc.initdiskless script. 3. Source /etc/rc.subr to load various rc.subr(8) shell functions to use. 4. Load the configuration files. 5. Determine if booting in a jail, and add "nojail" (no jails allowed) or "nojailvnet" (only allow vnet-enabled jails) to the list of KEY- WORDS to skip in rcorder(8). 6. If the file ${firstboot_sentinel} does not exist, add "firstboot" to the list of KEYWORDS to skip in rcorder(8). 7. Invoke rcorder(8) to order the files in /etc/rc.d/ that do not have a "nostart" KEYWORD (refer to rcorder(8)'s -s flag). 8. Call each script in turn using run_rc_script() (from rc.subr(8)), which sets $1 to "start", and sources the script in a subshell. If the script has a .sh suffix then it is sourced directly into the current shell. Stop processing when the script that is the value of the $early_late_divider has been run. 9. Check again to see if the file ${firstboot_sentinel} exists (in case it is located on a newly mounted file system) and adjust the list of KEYWORDs to skip appropriately. 10. Re-run rcorder(8), this time including the scripts in the $local_startup directories. Ignore everything up to the $early_late_divider, then start executing the scripts as described above. 11. If the file ${firstboot_sentinel} exists, delete it. If the file ${firstboot_sentinel}-reboot also exists (because it was created by a script), then delete it and reboot. Operation of rc.shutdown 1. Source /etc/rc.subr to load various rc.subr(8) shell functions to use. 2. Load the configuration files. 3. Invoke rcorder(8) to order the files in /etc/rc.d/ and the $local_startup directories that have a "shutdown" KEYWORD (refer to rcorder(8)'s -k flag), reverse that order, and assign the result to a variable. 4. Call each script in turn using run_rc_script() (from rc.subr(8)), which sets $1 to "stop", and sources the script in a subshell. If the script has a .sh suffix then it is sourced directly into the current shell. Contents of rc.d/ rc.d/ is located in /etc/rc.d/. The following file naming conventions are currently used in rc.d/: ALLUPPERCASE Scripts that are "placeholders" to ensure that cer- tain operations are performed before others. In or- der of startup, these are: NETWORKING Ensure basic network services are run- ning, including general network configu- ration. SERVERS Ensure basic services exist for services that start early (such as nisdomain), be- cause they are required by DAEMON below. DAEMON Check-point before all general purpose daemons such as lpd and ntpd. LOGIN Check-point before user login services (inetd and sshd), as well as services which might run commands as users (cron and sendmail). foo.sh Scripts that are to be sourced into the current shell rather than a subshell have a .sh suffix. Extreme care must be taken in using this, as the startup se- quence will terminate if the script does. bar Scripts that are sourced in a subshell. The boot does not stop if such a script terminates with a non- zero status, but a script can stop the boot if neces- sary by invoking the stop_boot() function (from rc.subr(8)). Each script should contain rcorder(8) keywords, especially an appropriate "PROVIDE" entry, and if necessary "REQUIRE" and "BEFORE" keywords. Each script is expected to support at least the following arguments, which are automatically supported if it uses the run_rc_command() func- tion: start Start the service. This should check that the service is to be started as specified by rc.conf(5). Also checks if the service is already running and refuses to start if it is. This latter check is not performed by standard FreeBSD scripts if the system is starting directly to multi-user mode, to speed up the boot process. If forcestart is given, ignore the rc.conf(5) check and start anyway. stop If the service is to be started as specified by rc.conf(5), stop the service. This should check that the service is running and complain if it is not. If forcestop is given, ignore the rc.conf(5) check and at- tempt to stop. restart Perform a stop then a start. status If the script starts a process (rather than performing a one-off operation), show the status of the process. Oth- erwise it is not necessary to support this argument. De- faults to displaying the process ID of the program (if running). describe Print a short description of what the script does. extracommands Print the script's non-standard commands. poll If the script starts a process (rather than performing a one-off operation), wait for the command to exit. Other- wise it is not necessary to support this argument. enabled Return 0 if the service is enabled and 1 if it is not. This command does not print anything. rcvar Display which rc.conf(5) variables are used to control the startup of the service (if any). If a script must implement additional commands it can list them in the extra_commands variable, and define their actions in a variable construc- ted from the command name (see the EXAMPLES section). The following key points apply to old-style scripts in /usr/local/etc/rc.d/: o Scripts are only executed if their basename(1) matches the shell globbing pattern *.sh, and they are executable. Any other files or directories present within the directory are silently ignored. o When a script is executed at boot time, it is passed the string "start" as its first and only argument. At shutdown time, it is passed the string "stop" as its first and only argument. All rc.d/ scripts are expected to handle these arguments appropriately. If no action needs to be taken at a given time (either boot time or shut- down time), the script should exit successfully and without producing an error message. o The scripts within each directory are executed in lexicographical or- der. If a specific order is required, numbers may be used as a pre- fix to the existing filenames, so for example 100.foo would be exe- cuted before 200.bar; without the numeric prefixes the opposite would be true. o The output from each script is traditionally a space character, fol- lowed by the name of the software package being started or shut down, without a trailing newline character (see the EXAMPLES section). SCRIPTS OF INTEREST When an automatic reboot is in progress, rc is invoked with the argument autoboot. One of the scripts run from /etc/rc.d/ is /etc/rc.d/fsck. This script runs fsck(8) with option -p and -F to "preen" all the disks of minor inconsistencies resulting from the last system shutdown. If this fails, then checks/repairs of serious inconsistencies caused by hardware or software failure will be performed in the background at the end of the booting process. If autoboot is not set, when going from sin- gle-user to multi-user mode for example, the script does not do anything. The /etc/rc.d/local script can execute scripts from multiple rc.d/ direc- tories. The default location includes /usr/local/etc/rc.d/, but these may be overridden with the local_startup rc.conf(5) variable. The /etc/rc.d/serial script is used to set any special configurations for serial devices. The rc.firewall script is used to configure rules for the kernel based firewall service. It has several possible options: open will allow anyone in client will try to protect just this machine simple will try to protect a whole network closed totally disables IP services except via lo0 interface UNKNOWN disables the loading of firewall rules filename will load the rules in the given filename (full path re- quired). The /etc/rc.d/atm* scripts are used to configure ATM network interfaces. The interfaces are configured in three passes. The first pass performs the initial interface configuration. The second pass completes the in- terface configuration and defines PVCs and permanent ATMARP entries. The third pass starts any ATM daemons. Most daemons, including network related daemons, have their own script in /etc/rc.d/, which can be used to start, stop, and check the status of the service. Any architecture specific scripts, such as /etc/rc.d/apm for example, specifically check that they are on that architecture before starting the daemon. Following tradition, all startup files reside in /etc. FILES /etc/rc /etc/rc.conf /etc/rc.conf.local /etc/rc.d/ /etc/rc.firewall /etc/rc.local /etc/rc.shutdown /etc/rc.subr /var/run/dmesg.boot dmesg(8) results soon after the rc process begins. Useful when dmesg(8) buffer in the kernel no longer has this information. EXAMPLES The following is a minimal rc.d/ style script. Most scripts require lit- tle more than the following. #!/bin/sh # # PROVIDE: foo # REQUIRE: bar_service_required_to_precede_foo . /etc/rc.subr name="foo" rcvar=foo_enable command="/usr/local/bin/foo" load_rc_config $name run_rc_command "$1" Certain scripts may want to provide enhanced functionality. The user may access this functionality through additional commands. The script may list and define as many commands at it needs. #!/bin/sh # # PROVIDE: foo # REQUIRE: bar_service_required_to_precede_foo # BEFORE: baz_service_requiring_foo_to_precede_it . /etc/rc.subr name="foo" rcvar=foo_enable command="/usr/local/bin/foo" extra_commands="nop hello" hello_cmd="echo Hello World." nop_cmd="do_nop" do_nop() { echo "I do nothing." } load_rc_config $name run_rc_command "$1" As all processes are killed by init(8) at shutdown, the explicit kill(1) is unnecessary, but is often included. SEE ALSO kill(1), rc.conf(5), init(8), rc.subr(8), rcorder(8), reboot(8), savecore(8) HISTORY The rc utility appeared in 4.0BSD. BSD April 23, 2016 BSD
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05/06, 06/07, 07/08, 08/09, 10/11, 11/12, 12/13, 201 SMALL Size, 202 MEDIUM Size, 203 LARGE Size, 9/10
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WEST HARTFORD, Conn. — A man stole a car used to deliver Chinese food and continued dropping off orders so he could keep the customers' money.
Keith Hinds was charged on Friday with larceny, possession of less than half an ounce of marijuana, possession of drug paraphernalia and other drug charges.
It was not known Monday morning if the 45-year-old Hinds is represented by a lawyer.
West Hartford police received a call from a Chinese food delivery driver reporting that his car had been stolen after he left it idling to run into a school.
The driver also called his boss so customers could be notified that their orders were stolen with the car. Police say one of the orders was delivered after the car was taken.
Hinds was held on $5,000 bond.
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text:
Since my earliest days there was something about the taste of lemon I always liked, ever since I've tried to include lemon as an ingredient wherever possible… and sometimes even where it was not always possible to make it work.
Lemon Tarts are and have long been personal favorites, here is a a parve (and a dairy) version of the recipe:
Lemon Tarts
(adapted from Eat, Play, Love)
Yield: 6 servings
Tart Crust
- 1-1/4 cup all-purpose flour
- 2 tablespoons sugar
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- Zest of 1 lemon
- 6 tablespoons margarine (butter, for a dairy version)
- 6 tablespoons parve cream cheese (regular cream cheese, for a dairy version)
- 2 tablespoons ice water
- 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract
Tart Filling
- 2/3 cup sugar
- 2/3 cup lemon juice (about 4-5 lemons)
- 1 tablespoon lemon peel, minced
- 4 eggs
- 1/2 cup butter
Tart Crust
In a large mixing bowl, add the flour, sugar, salt and lemon zest. Use a pastry blender to mix the dry ingredients. Next slice the margarine and parvecream cheese into 1″ slices and add it to the flour mixture. Use the pastry blender, or two knives in a scissor fashion, to combine the ingredients until mixture has the texture of a coarse meal.Next combine the water and the vanilla extract and sprinkle it over the flour mixture. Using two forks pull the flour from the bottom up over the top. Then with your hands, gently begin kneading the dough to form a ball. Wrap the ball in plastic wrap and store it in the refrigerator for 30 minutes (or freeze it for up to one month).Finally preheat the oven to 375F. When you're ready to use the dough, roll it out on a floured surface and place it in 6 to 8 mini tart pans (or one 9-inch tart pan). Add some pie weights or dried beans to the tart pans and bake the shells for 10 minutes. Then carefully remove the weights and return the shells to the oven for another 5 to 10 more minutes, or until golden brown. Remove and set aside to cool completely.While the tart shell is baking, prepare the filling.
Carefully remove the peel from one lemon. Cut the peel down so that it?s paper thin and slightly translucent. Then using a sharp knife mince the lemon peel. The peel of one lemon makes approximately one tablespoon.Add the minced lemon peel, sugar and eggs to a small sauce pan and whisk together. Stir in the lemon juice and then add the butter in pieces. Cook over medium heat until the butter melts and the mixture simmers. Do not let the mixture boil.Once the butter is melted, reduce the heat to a simmer and stir constantly until the mixture thickens (5 to 7 minutes). Finally remove from heat, cover and let cool, stirring occasionally.
Assembling the tarts
When the tart shell has cooled and the lemon filling has cooled. Pour the filling into the mini tart shells, using approximately 1/3 cup per tart. Refrigerate the tarts for at least an hour. Serve chilled or at room temperature.
Enjoy, gentle reader, enjoy!


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Chad Billingsley (0-0, -.--) vs. Cory Luebke (0-0, -.--).
What do you mean the season isn't one game long? Dammit! And here I was ready to buy playoff tickets.
The Dodgers look to double their win total today as a hopefully vomit-free Chad Billingsley takes the mound. Thunder Thighs had a pretty rough spring (5.91 ERA, for what it's worth) and was reportedly working on his pitch selection until the end.
Then again, Matt Kemp showed us yesterday that spring training is just that. Chad's slate is clean until he throws his first pitch. Then we can pile on him.
The Padres are starting Cory "Jiffy" Luebke, who they liked enough to sign to a deal potentially worth $27.75 million through 2017. It's exactly the kind of move that's become the specialty of small- to mid-market teams. Which, thanks to Magic, we're no longer in danger of becoming. Thanks, Magic!*
* This emotion-induced blindness brought to you by Jiffy Lube.


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Coinbase Customer Service Email – Coinbase Crypto Overview
Coinbase Customer Service Email
Coinbase Customer Service Email This Coinbase review will give you a quick overview of this cryptocurrency exchange company. It is a subsidiary of Coinbase Global, Inc., a Canadian company that doesn't have any official headquarters. This gives you a good idea of how this cryptocurrency exchange company operates. If you're not familiar with Coinbase, it's a great way to learn about its services and how it works. This article will walk you through the process of becoming a Coinbase user and answer some of your questions.
Coinbase is a cryptocurrency exchange that was started in the United States and expanded to the rest of the world. Its initial focus was helping retail investors buy, sell, and transfer bitcoin, but it has since grown into a full-fledged cryptocurrency trading platform. Whether you're buying bitcoin with a credit card or sending it to a friend, Coinbase will make it easy for you. It also charges low fees and small spreads for transactions.
>>>Get Started with $10 in FREE Bitcoin on Coinbase Here<<<
Coinbase is a great place to invest in cryptocurrency, as it offers an easy to use interface and several investment options. It offers a prime cryptocurrency trading platform, an Asset Hub for businesses to list their crypto assets, and merchant payment processing systems. It also has tools and a community of over a million members. It was founded in 2012 and is headquartered in San Francisco. Among its unique features, Coinbase offers great trading volume for pounds, smaller spreads, and lower fees.
Coinbase allows you to purchase and sell many different cryptocurrencies. The fees associated with these purchases are high compared to brokerage services, but the service is easy to use and offers a wide range of trading options. You can use your credit card or debit card to purchase cryptocurrency, while prepaid bank cards are also accepted. There are also several different types of coins available for trading. To learn more about how to make the best use of this cryptocurrency exchange, read our full Coinbase review.
The Coinbase website is an easy to use platform for buying and selling cryptocurrency. It is the best option for people who are new to this type of currency. It allows users to create unlimited wallets and buy them immediately with a credit card. This cryptocurrency exchange provides a secure and convenient platform for both retail and institutional investors. If you're a beginner, Coinbase is the perfect place to start. It's a simple way to get started with crypto. Coinbase Customer Service Email
Unlike many other cryptocurrency exchanges, Coinbase uses a single address for all transactions. In order to send cryptocurrency, you must have an account with Coinbase and choose an address for it. You cannot send multiple currencies to the same address on Coinbase. However, you can use your own wallet address to send money to friends and family. To send money, you must enter the amount in dollars. You can deposit and withdraw it at any time using your personal wallet.
Coinbase offers a wide range of investment options, including a Prime cryptocurrency trading platform. In addition to the Prime platform, Coinbase also provides an Asset Hub that helps businesses list their crypto assets, and a secure cold storage option for institutional investors. Its commerce offerings also help business owners set up checkout pages and payment buttons to accept crypto-oriented products and services. There are a number of other features available, but we've outlined a few of the most important ones.
Coinbase has a variety of products for retail and institutional investors alike. Besides its Prime cryptocurrency trading platform, the company also has a Ventures feature, which allows institutional customers to invest in the cryptocurrency market. You can also trade several different cryptocurrencies, including Ethereum and Bitcoin, via the Coinbase Pro account. The fees on Coinbase are lower than those of a brokerage, and the platform also offers advanced trading features. In this Coinbase review, you'll learn about the various features of the platform.
Initially, Coinbase focused on the US market, but now offers a global reach and is a major player in the crypto industry. It is a fully licensed and regulated cryptocurrency exchange. This means that it's safe and secure to use. There are a number of different products and services available through Coinbase, from basic accounts to specialized ones. When deciding which cryptocurrency exchange to use, keep in mind the country you're living in when searching for a platform.
>>>Get Started with $10 in FREE Bitcoin on Coinbase Here<<<
Cryptocurrency Coinbase Customer Service Email
What is a cryptocurrency? A cryptocurrency, also known as crypto-currency, is a digital currency that is used as a medium of exchange. Its purpose is to facilitate the exchange of value, but it can be used for a variety of purposes. Here are three ways that it can be used. This article will discuss each one. Read on to learn more. This entry was written by a crypto-currency expert. Coinbase Customer Service Email
Cryptocurrency works on a peer-to-peer electronic currency network where the transactions are recorded using blockchain technology. A blockchain is a public ledger of all cryptocurrency transactions. To make a transaction, users must provide two forms of authentication, such as username and password or an authentication code sent via text message. While this process is not completely secure, it makes it more secure. It also prevents censorship, corruption, and government control.
Another reason cryptocurrency is so secure is the lack of a central authority. This makes it difficult to censor. A cryptocurrency's value can't be altered, but it holds its value. The blockchain ledger system is the way cryptocurrency transactions are recorded. It is also hard to counterfeit and is fast. However, there are some risks to using this technology. Aside from security, it can be prone to fraud and even illegal activity.
>>>Get Started with $10 in FREE Bitcoin on Coinbase Here<<<
Another reason cryptocurrency is so secure is that its transactions are recorded on a public ledger. This is the reason that cryptocurrencies have a low fee. Because they are not tied to a country, people can use cryptocurrency for travel and save on currency exchange fees. A cryptocurrency can be used for purchases online or offline. It is also used to make payments on apps. For example, a cryptocurrency can be used for buying land, selling avatar clothing, or participating in virtual art galleries.
A blockchain is a public database of all cryptocurrency transactions. This is used to keep track of who is doing what in the world. In a blockchain, cryptocurrency is stored on a central ledger. Those using cryptocurrencies can use it to make payments, as long as they follow certain security guidelines. To ensure your privacy, you must have a username and password and verify the transaction. There are many sites that will enable you to use a cryptocurrency in a safe and anonymous way. Coinbase Customer Service Email
There are many reasons to start using a cryptocurrency. This means that it's a currency that allows you to pay for anything you want, and you don't need to have an account to participate. This means that the currency is not regulated in any way and is entirely free. If you're not sure, check out the coin's Wikipedia page to learn more about the currency. In addition to being a global currency, it's used in other countries.
A cryptocurrency is a digital currency that is used for transactions. A blockchain is a public ledger that stores transactions. The blockchain is a network that connects computers and is encrypted. Each block is worth one bitcoin. The blockchain records the transaction and stores the data in blocks without personal identifying factors. A bitcoin is an electronic currency, so it can't be used for every purchase online. The majority of people who use a cryptocurrency are simply investors, so it's not a good idea to invest in it.
When you buy a cryptocurrency, you'll be buying a virtual currency that is used for payment in digital markets. There are a variety of uses for a cryptocurrency, including trading in games, or even for storing information. Some people use a cryptocurrency as a medium of exchange, while others use it as a form of cash. A cryptocurrency is a digital form of money that has no physical form. In other words, it's a virtual version of a conventional currency. Coinbase Customer Service Email
A cryptocurrency is a digital form of money. It has no physical form, but it functions as a medium of exchange. In addition to Bitcoin, there are many other cryptocurrencies such as Dogecoin, Ethereum, and Tether. These are all popular and can be used for online transactions, but most of them are only used as investment. A good way to invest in a crypto currency is to invest in a cryptocurrency that doesn't require any transaction fees. Coinbase Customer Service Email
>>>Get Started with $10 in FREE Bitcoin on Coinbase Here<<<
Benefits Coinbase Customer Service Email
There are many benefits to using Coinbase. The interface is easy to use and the platform offers a variety of currencies to choose from. Beginners tend to use Coinbase as it offers a free, simple way to store and transfer their coins. The company also features mobile apps for both iOS and Android that make it easy to manage and store their coins. Users do not need to buy a separate wallet in order to access their funds.
One of the most attractive features of Coinbase is that it allows you to trade up to twenty cryptocurrencies. This allows you to be as versatile as possible. Unlike other centralized exchanges, however, you can withdraw up to $25,000 per day from your regular Coinbase account. Moreover, the app is a convenient way to conduct transactions while on the go. The only drawbacks of Coinbase are the long verification process, which can take up to two weeks.
Another benefit of Coinbase is that users can deposit their coins through a variety of payment methods. You can fund your Coinbase account with Bitcoins, Ethereum, or Litecoin. You can also use credit cards or bank transfers. Cybersecurity is one of the biggest challenges facing the world today. As a result, there is no one to protect against cybercrime, and the number of victims is rising rapidly. As a result, it is important to make the best use of online cryptocurrency exchanges. Coinbase Customer Service Email
>>>Get Started with $10 in FREE Bitcoin on Coinbase Here<<<
In addition to offering a wide range of deposit options, Coinbase offers an excellent professional help center that includes videos and articles to help beginners understand cryptocurrency. Furthermore, users can fund their Coinbase accounts using traditional payment methods, including credit cards, bank transfers, and debit cards. Finally, the site allows you to create watchlists and receive price alerts, which you can set up to appear on your phone. With Coinbase, you will be able to manage your crypto investments with ease and convenience.
The cost of using Coinbase is reasonable, and it is easy to understand how to use it. Most of the major currencies are supported, including the US, UK, Canada, and Australia. The company is also a popular choice among investors who want to invest in cryptocurrency in the UK, Canada, or Europe. Moreover, it is easy to trade a wide range of cryptocurrencies in different currencies and countries. There are many advantages of using Coinbase in the UK.
FDIC insurance coverage is available to all users with an account in Coinbase Pro. In addition to that, the service has an excellent range of tools for cryptocurrency trading. In addition, the fees are low compared to other brokerage firms and online exchanges. The fees are also lower than other exchanges. You can purchase a range of cryptocurrencies and use them to purchase digital assets. This will also save you a lot of time and money. Coinbase Customer Service Email
In addition to these benefits, Coinbase is the most popular cryptocurrency exchange in the world. The popularity of cryptocurrency has made it the preferred currency for many people. It is the only one that is based in the United States. There are no international taxes or fees, and most of the coins are listed in a global database. If you're a beginner or a seasoned pro, then using Coinbase is a great option.
Another advantage of Coinbase is the low waiting period. Despite the popularity of Bitcoin, the company processes transactions quickly. This means that you won't have to wait for your funds to be withdrawn. While you can also make wire transfers using Coinbase, this will cost you a small amount of money. You can track your costs with the Coinbase Pro. This way, you'll know exactly how much you've spent on the service and how much it has cost you.
Security. The security of your funds is important. In addition to a secure wallet, Coinbase offers insured deposits of Bitcoin. You can also make deposits and withdrawals using your credit card without the need to worry about losing money. Besides all these benefits, Coinbase also uses a number of security measures to protect the security of your funds. You'll be able to secure your account with a password, which is a great benefit. Coinbase Customer Service Email
>>>Get $10 USD of FREE Bitcoin at Coinbase <<<
Final Thoughts
Signing up for Coinbase is a very straightforward and easy process. Everything has been designed for simplicity and ease of use.
Similar to any savings account or financial investment account, you should show your identity by means of state recognition. For users in the United States, this will require a social security number. At this point, your Coinbase account will have been produced and you are able to add your bank account, charge card, or debit card details to enable deposits and withdrawals so that you can begin trading or investing.
Coinbase is a perfect tool for new crypto financiers who may not have any other investment experience. While the standard platform is overpriced, its functions, like its discover program and the capability to easily establish repeating purchases, offer the unskilled with a clear course to becoming invested and really comprehending cryptocurrency.
Those with more trading experience will discover that Coinbase Pro is a more affordable and more robust option, however it is still lacking in regards to functions. You might discover that Coinbase is not the right fit for you if you want to trade seriously. Overall, Coinbase is designed with the beginner in mind.
>>>Get Started with $10 in FREE Bitcoin on Coinbase Here<<<


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"Men and women contribute equally to reproduction." That's a statement in a new paper in the journal Gender and Society about how men's role in making babies has been culturally diminished. It is a painfully obvious sentence, and yet it bears repeating because we're so fixated on women's prenatal and preconception behavior and health. For example, the most emailed article on the New York Times website as I type is about how women's eating habits affect their babies in the womb. But we barely ever mention how male behavior can affect sperm quality.
The paper, called "More and Less Than Equal: How Men Factor in the Reproductive Equation," notes that since 2004, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended that people of both genders who are looking to have a baby monitor their health more closely—but in practice, this recommendation is generally directed toward women, who are now advised to treat their pregnancies as 12 months long. This means curtailing alcohol consumption and taking prenatal vitamins before they've even conceived.
Yet recent research has shown that men's preconception behavior also matters. According to the CDC, tobacco and heavy drinking can damage sperm DNA, and we're just starting to understand how older men's sperm may affect their offspring adversely. The only venue where male preconception health gets much attention, the authors point out, is at the sperm bank, where men's sperm is scrutinized in a way it's not elsewhere.
The study's authors, Yale's Rene Almeling and Princeton's Miranda Waggoner, argue that the hyperfocus on women's bodies before and during reproduction has led to a dearth of research about men's contributions to conception. So there should be more research about men's preconception behaviors, but on a more individual level, doctors should also be asking their male patients if they are planning on having children, just the way that women are asked at their yearly gynecological visits. On the policy level, Almeling and Waggoner suggest that the Affordable Care Act might cover men's preconception visits, as all women's preconception visits are now covered without copay.
There's a lot we don't know about the epigenetics of both men and women, and I'm certainly not suggesting that we burden men with the obsessive focus on behavior modification that we've unfortunately put on pregnant women. (Are you really going to have that second cup of coffee and risk destroying your baby, you evil harpy?) But I'm all for men bearing at least a little bit of responsibility when it comes to their baby-making, since the current model puts everything on women. I think most men could handle it, and they might even welcome the advice. After all, dads want healthy babies, too.


text: What to Do When You Lose Your Wallet Ever lost your wallet? Frustrating. Here's what you can do to keep yourself safe. Have A Question About This Topic? Name Email Address Message Thank you! Oops! Related Content Is Term Life Insurance for You? Term insurance is the simplest form of life insurance. Here's how it works. Personal Finance Tips for Military Families Military families face unique challenges, making personal finance even more critical. Consider These 3 Things Before Driving Off the Lot There are a few things to consider when buying or leasing your next vehicle.


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National Rx Drug Abuse Summit aims to counter opiate abuse epidemic in US
ATLANTA, Ga. — For three days, the nation's leading public health officials, politicians, law enforcement agents, drug treatment counselors, and others gathered in a downtown Atlanta hotel to discuss the national epidemic of opiate prescription drug abuse.
The scope of the epidemic is staggering. Several speakers during the third annual National Rx Drug Abuse Summit cited statistics that indicate more than 125,000 people across the country have died in the past 10 years from opiate-related overdoses.
"It's an extraordinary reminder that we all have role to play in addressing this incredibly complex crisis," said U.S. Rep. Hal Rogers of Kentucky, who participated in a congressional panel discussion that featured Massachusetts congressmen Bill Keating and Stephen Lynch of Boston.
Dr. Elinore F. McCance-Katz, the chief medical officer for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, told the summit audience that opiate painkillers are "far and away" the most misused medicines. In 2010, opiate-related deaths increased to more than 16,000 people, which represents a 313-percent increase over the past decade.
More than two million people over age 12 in the United States require treatment for opiate addiction, McCance-Katz said.
Keating, a former Norfok County District Attorney who now represents the SouthCoast and Cape Cod in the U.S. House of Representatives, told the summit audience how he saw opiate prescription drug addiction lead a Massachusetts State Police trooper to rob banks to support his habit, and a respected real estate agent to visit open houses to steal pills from medicine cabinets. Keating has authored a bill that would require pharmaceutical companies to manufacture drugs in a way that they cannot be crushed and then snorted or injected by addicts.
"Make them safe or take them off the market," Keating said.
The epidemic, several speakers said, requires a multi-prong strategy that includes aggressive enforcement, counseling and treatment efforts, prevention initiatives, and public education campaigns. Despite the entrenched nature of the epidemic, several high-level government officials said they are seeing progress.
"We're moving in the right direction," said Kentucky Gov. Steve Beshear, who added: "But it's a long and hard slog."


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Esther Bible CompanionDownload Yours
"God's hand in the glove of human history" is how Dr. J. Vernon McGee describes God at work in the book of Esther—a book that never mentions God's name, yet His fingerprints are everywhere. In five engaging summaries, follow the drama of God at work in the shadows, protecting His people even when they were far from Him. You'll appreciate Dr. McGee's engaging insights into how God works in our lives, too.


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Toronto Mayor Rob Ford has been found guilty of violating the Municipal Conflict of Interest Act and will be removed from office. The much-anticipated court decision was handed down this morning.
Regrettably, this is unlikely the end of the story. Ford had announced, prior to the decision, his intention to run again should the judge remove him from office. The judge had the option to include, as part of Ford's sentence, a prohibition on running again, but opted not to do so.
Ford has plenty of detractors. Some don't like his politics. Some question his aptitude for the job of mayor of Canada's largest city. Others worry about his being implicated not just in one but in a string of conflict of interest violations. But he also has plenty of defenders—after all, there are an awful lot of people out there who voted for him, and many of them are sticking to their guns on that choice. So the debate will rage. Plenty of ink is sure to be spilled by both camps in the wake of this decision. I'll limit myself here to just two quick points. One is about leadership and the other is about governance.
First, leadership. Whatever your views of Ford, and whatever your views about the severity of his breach of the Municipal Conflict of Interest Act, you pretty much have to agree that Ford demonstrated a disappointing lack of leadership ethics, here. Yes (as his lawyer pointed out) people do make mistakes, and even a mayor can be forgiven for an incidental breach of a rule now and then. But what's particularly worrisome here is that Ford, who by all rights ought to be the guy who leads council in understanding its ethical obligations, seems to be utterly clueless about them. And he doesn't seem terribly worried about that, either. According to a report of the court proceedings, Ford "testified he never read the Conflict of Interest Act or the councillor orientation handbook. Nor did he attend councillor training sessions that covered conflicts of interest."
My second point has to do with governance. As Marcus Gee pointed out in The Globe and Mail recently, bumping Ford from office might be a case of "out of the frying pan, into the fire." Turmoil is likely to ensue. Council is now faced with the choice of having someone else—someone not elected to be mayor—serve out the rest of Ford's term, or spending several million dollars of taxpayer money to hold another election. The result of turfing Ford seems especially troubling when we compare Ford's ethical cluelessness with the out-and-out corruption that has brought down mayors in other major cities.
But what was the alternative? A judge has no choice but to call 'em like he sees 'em. Ford violated important rules, and those rules say he should be removed from office. Note that the judge in this case would have had the same range of sentencing options if the dollar amount at the heart of this case had been $3.15 rather than $3,150. A more sane system would perhaps allow for a broader range of penalties. Examples could be found in other systems and at other levels of government. A fine? Censure? Limitation of future mayoral discretion? Mandatory ethics training? I don't know the answer. But a governance system that allows a political leader to blunder this way and then throws a city into turmoil is not a good system. Principles matter, but so does the way we implement them.


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Previous Lesson
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The Complete Facebook Marketing Masterclass
Welcome to the Course! (5:05)
Our Course Private Facebook Group
First Steps on Your Facebook Marketing
Module Intro (0:50)
Our Facebook Sales Funnel: This Is How You Will Monetize With This Course (9:00)
How Much You Will Invest on Facebook Ads? Let's Set up Your Budget (5:15)
Facebook Pages Domination
Module Intro (1:54)
Creating a Stunning Facebook Page for your Business (10:02)
Discovering the BEST Keywords for your Facebook Page (11:26)
Creating an Optimized Facebook Page Description with Relevant Keywords (3:32)
Optimizing your Facebook Page Information (4:48)
Creating a Professional Facebook Page Cover Image (8:33)
Facebook Apps Links
Facebook Page Apps That will Increase your Traffic (8:13)
The ONLY WAY to Guarantee your Facebook Fans see ALL your Posts (9:36)
Using the Facebook Call-to-Action Button to Skyrocket your Results (11:43)
How to Change the Name of your Facebook Page (2:02)
Activity 1 - Create your "Facebook Page" (3:45)
Facebook Groups Domination
Module Intro (1:19)
What's the Difference between Facebook Page & Facebook Groups (10:03)
Creating a super Optimized Facebook Group (5:09)
Editing Facebook Group Settings (11:13)
Managing your Facebook Group (3:28)
Top 6 Ways to Monetize your Facebook Groups (10:47)
Activity 2 - Create your "Facebook Group" (1:48)
Facebook Live!
Module Intro (1:27)
What's Facebook Live and WHY you need to start using every day! (4:21)
What do you need to start a Facebook Live (Technology)
Planning your Facebook Live Streaming (Complete Template) (4:55)
Talking to your Audience (2:21)
The Best Call to Action on Facebook Live (3:20)
Let's Do a Facebook Live Session (3:43)
3 Way to Reuse your Facebook Live Session for Your Marketing (5:31)
Activity 3 - Start Your First "Facebook Live Session" (3:49)
Facebook Ads: Defining Your Target Audience
Module Intro (1:11)
Knowing the Facebook Ads Manager (5:57)
Setting Up Payment account for your Facebook Ads (1:58)
Defining your Target Audience (12:31)
Using all the Power of Facebook Insights to know your Target Audience (6:19)
Activity 4 - Defining your Facebook Target Audience (2:24)
Facebook Ads: Creating Your First Ad
Module Intro (0:54)
Creating the Ad Post (5:28)
Boosting your Facebook Post (8:40)
How Much to Invest on Facebook Ads? (3:43)
Tips to have your Ad Approved by Facebook (3:36)
Analyzing the Results of your Facebook Ad (11:24)
Activity 5 - Creating your First Facebook Ad! (1:25)
Facebook Ads: Which Ad if Better for Your Business?
Module Intro (1:09)
Choosing Your Marketing Objective - Awareness (10:56)
Choosing your Marketing Objective - Consideration (4:02)
Choosing your Marketing Objective - Conversion (2:47)
Facebook Ads: RETARGETING!
Module Intro (0:54)
Understanding the Facebook Pixel (4:12)
Creating a Facebook Pixel (2:28)
Installing the Facebook Pixes on your Website (5:08)
Checking if the Pixel is working and capturing information (5:02)
Creating a Target Audience with your Facebook Pixel (7:50)
Creating your First Super Optimized Ad using Facebook Pixel (5:52)
Activity 6 - Using Retargeting in your Facebook Ads (1:58)
Facebook Ads: For Local Business
Module Intro (1:33)
How can Facebook Ads Help you if you have a Local Business (6:27)
This is the Plan for your Local Business (7:36)
Reaching People around your Business (10:26)
Creating your Local Business Facebook Ad (10:31)
Creating your Facebook Ad Image For Local Business (10:06)
Activity 7 - Facebook Ads for Local Business (1:37)
Facebook Video Ads
Creating a Powerful Facebook Video Ad (22:29)
Instagram Ads
Module Intro (1:06)
Linking your Facebook and your Instagram Accounts (1:54)
Creating your First Instagram Ad (4:02)
Important Tips to have a successful Ad on Instagram (4:50)
Activity 8 - Create an Instagram Ad! (1:22)
Facebook Video
Module Intro (1:25)
How to 10X the Reach of your Facebook Posts with Videos (4:04)
Activity 9 - Facebook Video (1:49)
Facebook Landing Page: The Best Way to Collect your Customer's Name and Email
Module Intro (4:19)
This is the Plan... (9:43)
Adding the Sign Up button to your Facebook Page (5:05)
Signing for Autoresponder service (4:23)
Preparing your Free Gift (3:44)
Signing for Landing Page Monkey (5:52)
Creating the Video Landing Page - Part 1 (9:06)
Creating the Video Landing Page - Part 2 (3:40)
Creating the Video Landing Page - Part 3 (7:55)
Getting your Landing Page Links (4:48)
Finishing the Sign Up Button on Facebook (1:57)
Facebook Events
Module Intro (0:47)
Why you need to consider using Facebook to Promote your Event (2:58)
Promoting your Event with Facebook (5:26)
Using Facebook Ads to Reach more People! (5:23)
Creating a Stunning Facebook Event Cover Image (4:55)
Activity 11 - Facebook Events (1:31)
7 Secrets that will BOOST your Facebook Organic Reach
Secret #1 (4:46)
Secret #2 (4:17)
Secret #3 (2:04)
Secret #4 (1:43)
Secret #5 (2:47)
Secret #6 (3:03)
Secret #7 (1:52)
Bonus Secret #8 (1:10)
Facebook Tips & Tricks
Module Intro (1:39)
How to Reach 8000+ People with a $3 Ad! (14:36)
How to Spy on Your Competitors on Facebook (11:05)
How to Reach ALL your Followers on Facebook (9:36)
How to Download All your Facebook Data to your Computer (8:25)
How to Download Any videos from Facebook (4:11)
Getting Unlimited Royalty Free Images to use on Facebook (12:23)
Using Facebook Videos in your Website (8:23)
Activity 12 - Facebook Tips and Tricks (1:47)
Congratulations! (2:40)
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New Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Vehicles in San Marcos, TX
- 2 Vehicle Matching
* Prices may vary based on dealer added equipment and accessories. Contact dealer for details. *Manufacturer's Rebate subject to residency restriction. Any customer not meeting the residency restrictions will receive a dealer discount in the same amount of the manufacturer's rebate*
1 MSRP is the Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) of the vehicle. It does not include any taxes, fees or other charges. Pricing and availability may vary based on a variety of factors, including options, dealer, specials, fees, and financing qualifications. Consult your dealer for actual price and complete details.
2 You may not qualify for the offers, incentives, discounts, or financing. Offers, incentives, discounts, or financing are subject to expiration and other restrictions. See dealer for qualifications and complete details.
Images, prices, and options shown, including vehicle color, trim, options, pricing and other specifications are subject to availability, incentive offerings, current pricing and credit worthiness.
In transit means that vehicles have been built, but have not yet arrived at your dealer. Images shown may not necessarily represent identical vehicles in transit to your dealership. See your dealer for actual price, payments and complete details.
While we make effort to ensure the data listed here is correct, there may be instances where some of the factory rebates, incentives, options or vehicle features may be listed incorrectly as we get data from multiple data sources. PLEASE MAKE SURE to confirm the details of this vehicle (such as what factory rebates you may or may not qualify for) with the dealer to ensure its accuracy. Dealer cannot be held liable for data that is listed incorrectly.


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My mom recalls with fondness the two dogs she grew up with. Queenie was an Airedale Terrier and Jewel was a St. Bernard. (Photo at left shows my aunt, uncle & mom with Queenie.)
In the 50s after she and my dad were married, they had a bull terrier – Slick. He was black and white and could climb ladders (below left). When my dad was transferred to Japan, Slick had to stay with my grandparents. My sister still has fond memories of Slick. The picture at right of the two of them out in the snow. I'm not sure how old he was when he died of heart problems. Along the way my mom also had a bird (I never knew she liked birds until I was older).
Yes, dogs were the main pets in our family. Cats – well, not so much. As a child, I always wanted a cat but mom wasn't a cat person. Didn't like the whole litter box idea nor would she have wanted to let a pet "roam" outside and possibly get hit by a car. She told me a story about what happened when she was a young girl. Either she or her sister (or both) took a bunch of kittens and threw them down the outhouse. Needless to say whoever did the deed, had to retrieve them and clean them up. I'm sure that soured them more on cats!
Before I was born, my parents had a dachshund (Gretchen). She had two puppies – one we gave to my grandparents (Lisa) and one we kept (Bridget). Those were my dogs! When I was about three, my parents had a sitter stay with me one evening. I remember they put Gretchen in the car and drove away in the dark. The poor dog had broken her back and for a dachshund, that was a death sentence. From what I've been told, she died quite peacefully at the vet's office. It wasn't long after Gretchen's death that I began to insist that we needed to get another dachshund – as a playmate for Bridget.
We drove to Marysville, Ohio to a dachshund breeder's home and picked out a cute little red shorthair puppy. In keeping with the tradition of naming them with German names, I wanted to call her Gretel. I joked with my parents that if we got a male, we could name him Hansel. But we just got the little girl. Not only were the two dogs friends but they were my playmates. No matter where I went they were there too. When I played in my room, they slept under my bed. When I took a bath, they sat quietly in the corner waiting until I was done. When we had parties, I'd put a party hat on them! And those poor dogs allowed me to dress them up in doll baby clothes and wheel them around in my doll buggy!
We bred Gretel when she was a couple years old and the result was seven little puppies! There were five males and two females. My brother and his family took one of the little girls – Heidi (again keeping with the German naming tradition!) Here is a shot of the puppies in the whelping bin.
Then Bridget got sick when I was about 9. She died soon after she got sick. I don't think I ever knew what was wrong. When my mom asked me if I wanted to see her, I said no. I wanted to remember her as my energetic friend.
Gretel became my confidante. I could tell her anything and she'd just sit there and absorb everything. I just knew she understood everything I said because when my grandparents had to stay with me for awhile when my mother was in the hospital, I heard my grandfather get upset because of her barking (she really didn't bark all that much). So I told her that when she wanted out to just go to the door and if no one noticed, to give a "quiet" bark. Then when she wanted in, to bark twice. I don't think it was my imagination that from then on, that's exactly what she did.
When I was in 7th grade, I got up one morning to discover that Gretel was sniffling. I really wanted Mom to take her to the vet then. But Mom couldn't miss work or she wouldn't get paid. I think we both talked ourselves into believing she just had a cold. Since Gretel stayed in our "mudroom" area when we were gone, I left the door open a little as I left for school that morning. I talked to her and petted her and then I left. I usually arrived home from school about 30 minutes before my mom did. When I walked in the door, I immediately called her name. I heard nothing. Somehow I knew before I got to her bed that she was gone. The shock of seeing her lifeless body was more than I could bear. I called my mom's work, told them it was an emergency & when Mom got on the phone I exploded in sobs begging her to come home RIGHT NOW. She said she would, however, knowing she only had five more minutes before her day was over, I'm sure she stuck around for those five minutes. Nothing would change if she had left right then other than she would have been docked about 15 minutes worth of work time.
After she arrived home, we took poor Gretel to the vet. She wanted to make sure she hadn't been poisoned and asked for an autopsy. Mom said all she saw were dollar signs wondering what she had asked for! It was concluded that Gretel had contracted bronchial pneumonia and her lungs had filled with fluid. We had her buried in a pet cemetery in the Dayton area (I don't even think I know where it is). Luckily, the autopsy and burial weren't as expensive as my mom had thought.
From that time on, she said no more animals. That it wasn't fair to them to be alone most of the time – with her at work and me at school. I think she was also trying to protect her heart and mine from any other pet losses.
Intermingled in all that time, my sister and her family had a dog and cat. When they'd go on vacation, they'd board the dog but asked mom to watch their cat. Remember the whole "not a cat person" story from above? Well, I will say that at first Kitty liked Mom more than Mom liked Kitty. But I think that changed. Mom finally said she didn't mind Kitty because she didn't rub around on her legs or get under her feet. She was a pretty laid back cat.
As an adult, I've had several dogs and cats and birds. No fish – I'm not a fish person! The best cat I ever owned was found in a diesel truck yard – covered in black soot. He wasn't very old. The first thing I did was throw him in a bath to get all that soot off of him. He turned out to be a beautiful gray and white cat. We called him "T.C." for Tom Cat. He quickly learned where he could sit (not on my kitchen counters or table), where he could scratch (on his cat post, not the furniture or carpet), and that he needn't be afraid of people. When my oldest daughter was an infant, he would sit at the foot of her infant seat and hiss at anyone who came near to her that he didn't know. We soon learned to "introduce" T.C. to people and tell him it was okay that they get near the baby.
We had been in our present home a little over a year; listening to our son wish he had a dog. His sisters were old enough to run off and play without him and he was still so little he could only go in the backyard – not in the front. So one weekend the kids and I went to an Adopt-A-Pet event. There was a little white dog who seemed so excited to see people who were interested in her. We were told she was at least 2 years old, housebroken and spayed (all not true). She was part terrier, part poodle – but her fur was shaved close to her body so she wasn't all fluffy and hot. After she arrived home with us, she found the kitchen floor and decided she wanted to mop it up for us. That's how she got her name – Mopsey. We determined she was probably at least 6 months old. But when she started chewing on everything we owned, it was outside for her. I was working full time and with three kids, there wasn't any time to housetrain her or anything else. She had a carpeted dog house and was an outside dog for a long time. My son had his friend. He'd sit on the edge of the patio with his arm around her. After our last child was born, she was very careful not to jump on the baby. Finally we brought her in to let her have a place on the inside. She had matured so that she wasn't chewing on anything and was pretty laid back. Mopsey was part of our family for quite a long time. The spring before our son graduated high school, we could tell she was going downhill. After all she was at least 17 years old. She went blind and have a seizure every once in a while. The weekend of graduation, we already had her on medication & a special diet hoping to halt any further damage to her kidneys. But a few days later – she started seizing constantly. We all knew it was time. In the morning, my youngest daughter, grandson and I took her to the vet. He examined her and told us that we really only had one choice to spare her any further indignity as he didn't think she was aware of any pain anymore. I called family to let them know and give them the option of being there at the last moments. So with soothing words of comfort and love to our beloved Mopsey, we waited for the end.
It took quite a while before we wouldn't cry anymore every time her name was mentioned or a memory about her was shared. She had been an important part of our family life and I believe she had waited until she got to see everyone one last time before giving it up.
Almost a year later, our youngest daughter was ready for another friend. So for her 15th birthday, we found a medium sized mixed breed named Oreo. She was a year old, housebroken and spayed (all true this time). She's been a best friend to my daughter and we often wonder just who gets the bed as Oreo loves to lay her head on pillows and be covered up – just like a person! She is smart and has similar traits to her human!
Yes, pets have been an extension of not only my immediate family, but of my mom, my sister, and my grandparents. They have only enhanced our lives and helped us be better people because of their unconditional love for us.


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Thomas Jefferson did his best Abe Lincoln impression tonight at Nationals Park, sprinting out ahead of the other presidents for an early lead. Lacking Abe's stamina, Tom paused to catch his breath, but fortunately he had can of Red Bull handy, drank it down, and then sprinted past his opponents again to run away with a Nationals presidents race victory.
"Honest" Abe hasn't been himself since getting helped off the field Tuesday night.
TJ's victory forced a rare 3-way tie atop the presidents race standings, marking the first time in more than 2 years that Teddy Roosevelt can lay claim to 2nd place …sort of.
Video courtesy of YouTube user lfahome


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- Bus Tickets
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|Bus Operator
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The offer of upto 20% off on Alor Gajah to Stesyen Bas Machang bus tickets is, indeed, the best offer on the redBus platform as customers can save a lot on their totale bus ticket price.
There are two main scenarios that you might fall into when you have to board a bus. Now, if your boarding point is at any terminal in Malaysia, passengers will have to take a print out of the bus ticket that has been sent to the email in a PDF format. The second scenario is when your boarding point is a bus stop and not a terminal. In this case, you will receive an M-ticket that you will have to produce before boarding your bus. If the operator does not provide an M-Ticket, you will have to take a printout of the ticket (PDF) that has been sent to the registered email ID that you have used to book the bus ticket on the redBus website. Some operators might levy a charge if these conditions are not followed.
Yes, you can. But this feature is limited to only a few bus operators in Malaysia. Look for the reschedule icon before booking your ticket.
There are a number of different modes of payment offered to customers. Customers can either pay by credit card, debit card, or they can select any of the banks listed when you click the "FPX (Malaysia Online Bank Transfer).
You can book a bus of your choice to any destination in Malaysia by logging on to the official website of redBus which is www.redbus.my . The site is user-friendly and you can book your bus ticket in a matter of minutes.
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This month marks the 20th anniversary of Nirvana's final studio album, and fans aren't just able to buy a new "super deluxe" box set to celebrate the occasion. They also can buy the childhood home of late frontman Kurt Cobain, complete with his mattress.
Cobain's mother, Wendy O'Connor, is putting the tired, 1.5-story bungalow two hours southwest of Seattle on the market this week.
PHOTOS: A History of Grunge in Pictures
To help sell the house, the family is offering a glimpse into the early life of its tortured and talented son through photos taken there, including one of a chocolate-frosted birthday cake for Kurt and a shot of a teenage Cobain smiling, guitar in hand, in his messy room.
The home, last assessed at less than $67,000, is being listed for $500,000. It's a short walk from a riverfront park dedicated to Cobain's memory, and the family said it would welcome a partnership to make the home into a museum. Kurt's room still has the band names (Iron Maiden, Led Zeppelin) he reportedly stenciled on the walls, as well as the holes he put in them. (See a photo here.)
"We've decided to sell the home to create a legacy for Kurt, and yes, there are some mixed feelings since we have all loved the home and it carries so many great memories," Cobain's sister, Kim Cobain, said in an e-mailed statement. "But our family has moved on from Washington, and (we) feel it's time to let go of the home."
The 1923 structure with dingy carpeting, water-stained wooden shingles on some interior walls and a recent coat of yellow paint is on East 1st Street in Aberdeen, a gritty and struggling former timber town at the mouth of the Chehalis River near the southwest Washington coast. Kurt's parents bought it in 1969, when he was 2. He lived there until they separated when he was 9, and again with his mom during his later teen years.
The heroin-addicted Cobain committed suicide in Seattle in 1994, at age 27, after a meteoric career that popularized the Pacific Northwest's heavy, muddy "grunge" rock. The last of Nirvana's three studio albums, In Utero, came out in September 1993, and Universal Music Group has released a remastered version and a "super deluxe" box set.
STORY: Kurt Cobain by the Numbers
Cobain described his early childhood in Aberdeen as happy. As Charles R. Cross noted in his Cobain biography, Heavier Than Heaven, Kurt would ride his bike around the small yard and pound on a set of Mickey Mouse drums his parents bought him.
In one event that entered family lore, Cobain's father, Don, trapped a rat in a garbage can in the garage. He tried to spear it with a broomstick, but the rodent clambered up the handle, over Don's shoulder to the ground and across Kurt's toes to safety — prompting endless laughter from the 5-year-old.
But his parents' divorce scarred Kurt deeply. At one point, he scrawled "I hate Mom, I hate Dad" on his bedroom wall, Cross wrote.
"It's a place where he had very fond memories, but it's the house where his parents got divorced," Cross said in an interview. "He couldn't wait to get away, but it's a place that helped shape who he became."
A family friend last lived in the home four years ago. According to the Agency, the Beverly Hills, Calif.–based luxury real estate firm marketing the property, it features the dining room table and hutch from when Cobain was there. Cobain's mattress is tucked away in a musty upstairs crawl space.
Cobain lived in about 20 houses in his life, Cross said, and this isn't the first one offered for sale based on its connection to rock history.
In 2002, an Oregon couple bought a home in nearby Montesano for $42,500. When they learned that Cobain had lived there with his father from age 11 to 15, they sold it for $210,000.
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The Situation of Reason
Posted by The Situationist Staff on April 15, 2009
In the mid-1970s, Situationist contributor Timothy Wilson with Richard Nisbett conducted one of the best known social psychology experiments of all time. It was strikingly simple and involved asking subjects to assess the quality of hosiery. Situationist contributors Jon Hanson and David Yosifon have described the experiment this way:
Subjects were asked in a bargain store to judge which one of four nylon stocking pantyhose was the best quality. The subjects were not told that the stockings were in fact identical. Wilson and Nisbett presented the stockings to the subjects hanging on racks spaced equal distances apart. As situation would have it, the position of the stockings had a significant effect on the subjects' quality judgments. In particular, moving from left to right, 12% of the subjects judged the first stockings as being the best quality, 17% of the subjects chose the second pair of stockings, 31% of the subjects chose the third pair of stockings, and 40% of the subjects chose the fourth—the most recently viewed pair of stockings. When asked about their respective judgments, most of the subjects attributed their decision to the knit, weave, sheerness, elasticity, or workmanship of the stockings that they chose to be of the best quality. Dispositional qualities of the stocking, if you will. Subjects provided a total of eighty different reasons for their choices. Not one, however, mentioned the position of the stockings, or the relative recency with which the pairs were viewed. None, that is, saw the situation. In fact, when asked whether the position of the stockings could have influenced their judgments, only one subject admitted that position could have been influential. Thus, Wilson and Nisbett conclude that "[w]hat matters . . . is not why the [position] effect occurs but that it occurs and that subjects do not report it or recognize it when it is pointed out to them."
One of the core messages of more recent brain research is that most mental activity happens in the automatic or unconscious region of the brain. The unconscious mind is the platform for a set of mental activities that the brain has relegated beyond awareness for efficiency's sake, so the conscious mind can focus on other things. In his book, "Strangers to Ourselves," Timothy Wilson notes that the brain can absorb about 11 million pieces of information a second, of which it can process about 40 consciously. The unconscious brain handles the rest.
The automatic mind generally takes care of things like muscle control. But it also does more ethereal things. It recognizes patterns and construes situations, searching for danger, opportunities or the unexpected. It also shoves certain memories, thoughts, anxieties and emotions up into consciousness.
A lot has been learned about how what we think we know about what moves us is wrong. And much has also been learned about how what we don't know we know can influence us. Psychologist Susan Courtney has an absolutely terrific article in Scientific American titled "Not So Deliberate: The decisive power of what you don't know you know." We excerpt portions of her article below.
* * *
When we choose between two courses of action, are we aware of all the things that influence that decision? Particularly when deliberation leads us to take a less familiar or more difficult course, scientists often refer to a decision as an act of "cognitive control." Such calculated decisions were once assumed to be influenced only by consciously perceived information, especially when the decision involved preparation for some action. But a recent paper by Hakwan Lau and Richard Passingham, "Unconscious Activation of the Cognitive Control System in the Human Prefrontal Cortex," demonstrates that the influences we are not aware of can hold greater sway than those we can consciously reject.
Biased competition
We make countless "decisions" each day without conscious deliberation. For example, when we gaze at an unfamiliar scene, we cannot take in all the information at once. Objects in the scene compete for our attention. If we're looking around with no particular goal in mind, we tend to focus on the objects most visually different from their surrounding background (for example, a bright bird against a dark backdrop) or those that experience or evolution have taught us are the most important, such as sudden movement or facial features — particularly threatening or fearful expressions. If we do have a goal, then our attention will be drawn to objects related to it, such as when we attend to anything red or striped in a "Where's Waldo" picture. Stimulus-driven and goal-driven influences alike, then, bias the outcome of the competition for our attention among a scene's many aspects.
The idea of such biased competition (a term coined in 1995 by Robert Desimone and John Duncan, also applies to situations in which we decide among many possible actions, thoughts or plans. What might create an unconscious bias affecting these types of competition?
For starters, previous experience in a situation can make some neural connections stronger than others, tipping the scales in favor of a previously performed action. The best-known examples of this kind of bias are habitual actions (as examined in a seminal 1995 article by Salmon and Butters and what is known as priming.
Habitual actions are what they sound like — driving your kids to school, you turn right on Elm because that's how you get there every day. No conscious decision is involved. In fact, it takes considerable effort to remember to instead turn left if your goal is to go somewhere else.
Priming works a bit differently; it's less a well-worn route than a prior suggestion that steers you a certain way. If I ask you today to tell me the first word that comes to mind that starts with the letters mot and you answer mother, you'll probably answer the same way if I ask you the same thing again four months from now, even if you have no explicit recollection of my asking the question. The prior experience primes you to repeat your performance. Other potentially unconscious influences are generally emotional or motivational.
Of course, consciously processed information can override these emotional and experience-driven biases if we devote enough time and attention to the decision. Preparing to perform a cognitive action ("task set") has traditionally been considered a deliberate act of control and part of this reflective, evaluative neural system. (See, for example, the 2002 review by Rees, Kreiman and Koch — pdf download.) As such, it was thought that task-set preparation was largely immune to subconscious influences.
We generally accept it as okay that some of our actions and emotional or motivational states are influenced by neural processes that happen without our awareness. For example, it aids my survival if subliminally processed stimuli increase my state of vigilance — if, for example, I jump out of the way before I am consciously aware that the thing at my feet is a snake. But we tend to think of more conscious decisions differently. If I have time to recognize an instruction, remember what that means I'm supposed to do and prepare to make a particular kind of judgment on the next thing I see, then the assumption is that this preparation must be based entirely on what I think I saw — not what I wasn't even aware of.
Yet Lau and Passingham have found precisely the opposite in their study — that information we're not aware of can more strongly influence even the most deliberative, non-emotional sort of decision even more than does information we are aware of.
Confusing cues
Lau and Passingham had their subjects perform one of two tasks: when shown a word on a screen, the subjects had to decide either a) whether or not the word referred to a concrete object or b) whether or not the word had two syllables. A cue given just before each word — the appearance of either a square of a diamond — indicated whether to perform the concrete judgment task or the syllables task. These instruction cues were in turn preceded by smaller squares or diamonds that the subjects were told were irrelevant. A variation in timing between the first and second cues determined whether the participants were aware of seeing both cues or only the second.
As you would expect, the task was more difficult when the cues were the not same — that is, when a diamond preceded a square or a square a diamond. The surprising finding was that this confusion effect was greater when the timing between the cues was so close that the participants didn't consciously notice the first cue. When the cues were mixed but the subjects were consciously aware of only the second instruction, their responses — and their brain activity as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) — indicated that the "invisible" conflicting cue had made them more likely to prepare to do the "wrong" task. Although similar effects have been shown on tasks that involved making a decision about the appearance of the image immediately following the "invisible" image, this is the first time this effect has been demonstrated for complex task preparation.
It may not be surprising that we juggle multiple influences when we make decisions, including many of which we are not aware — particularly when the decisions involve emotional issues. Lau and Passingham, however, show us that even seemingly rational, straightforward, conscious decisions about arbitrary matters can easily be biased by inputs coming in below our radar of awareness. Although it wasn't directly tested in this study, the results suggest that being aware of a misleading cue may allow us to inhibit its influence. And the study makes clear that influences we are not aware of (including, but not limited to, those brought in by experience and emotion) can sneak into our decisions unchecked.
* * *
Susan Courtney is an associate professor of psychology at Johns Hopkins University, where she runs the Courtney Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience and Working Memory. To read some related Situationist posts, see "The Situation of Confabulation," "The Situation of Constitutional Beliefs – Abstract," "Social Psychology and the Unconscious: The Automaticity of Higher Processes," "Jonathan Haidt on the Situation of Moral Reasoning," "The Unconscious Situation of our Consciousness – Part IV,"and "Unconscious Situation of Choice."
This post was originally published in November of 2007.
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This entry was posted on April 15, 2009 at 12:57 am and is filed under Book, Choice Myth, Classic Experiments, Illusions, Situationist Contributors, Social Psychology. Tagged: automaticity, biased competition, Choice Myth, Strangers to Ourselves, unconscious. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
4 Responses to "The Situation of Reason"
MIND|BODY|WORLD: Outrageous Sensations! What Can We Learn from LSD? Part II « The STRUCTURE of ENTROPY said
[…] Timothy Wilson observes in his book Strangers to Ourselves: the brain can absorb about 11 million pieces of information a second, of which it can process about 40 consciously. […]
Susan Weinschenk said
There's a newer, "online" version of a positional/serial order effect in research by Felfernig (citation below). In that study tents that appeared first on a web page were picked more often than tents in other positions. I write about this in my latest book.
Citation: Felfernig, A., g. Friedrich, B. Gula, M. Hitz, T. Kruggel, G. Leitner, R. Melcher, D. Riepan, S. Strauss, E. Teppan, and O. Vitouch. 2007. Persuasive recommendation: Serial position effects in knowledge-based recommender systems. In Persuasive Technology, Second International Conference on Persuasive Technology. New York: Springer.
Timothy Wilson's book Strangers to Ourselves is a great read.
June 20, 2012 at 6:10 pm
[…] Nylon stocking experiment […]
You Believe the Rooster's Crowing Causes the Sun to Rise | I.WANT.WORLDYou Believe the Rooster's Crowing Causes the Sun to Rise - I.WANT.WORLD said
[…] B even if B followed A. Fallacies of this type are mainly within the domain of psychologists. They conducted an experiment once with women where they asked each woman to select from amongst twelve pair of nylon stockings […]