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Melanoma is a kind of skin cancer. It isn't as common as other types of skin cancer, but it is the most serious.
Melanoma usually looks like a flat mole with uneven edges and a shape that is not the same on both sides. It may be black, brown, or more than one colour. Most melanomas show up as a new spot or skin growth. But they can form in an existing mole or other mark on the skin.
Melanoma can affect your skin only, or it may spread to your organs and bones. As with other cancers, treatment for melanoma works best when the cancer is found early.
This topic is about melanoma that occurs in the skin. It doesn't cover melanoma that occurs in the eye or in any other part of the body besides the skin.
You can get melanoma by spending too much time in the sun. Too much UV radiation from sun exposure causes normal skin cells to become abnormal. These abnormal cells quickly grow out of control and attack the tissues around them.
You are at higher risk for melanoma if you have fair skin, a family history of melanoma, or many abnormal, or atypical, moles. These moles may fade into the skin and have a flat part that is level with the skin. They may be smooth or slightly scaly, or they may look rough and "pebbly."
You may not have any symptoms in the early stages of melanoma. Or a melanoma may be sore, or it may itch or bleed.
Any change in the shape, size, or colour of a mole may be a sign of melanoma.
Melanoma may look like a flat, brown or black mole that has uneven edges. Melanomas usually have an irregular or asymmetrical shape. This means that one half of the mole doesn't match the other half. They may be any size but are usually 6 mm (0.25 in.) or larger.
Melanomas can be found anywhere on your body. Most of the time, they are on the upper back in men and women and on the legs of women.
Your doctor will check your skin to look for melanoma. If your doctor thinks that you have melanoma, he or she will remove a sample of tissue (biopsy) from the area around the melanoma. Another doctor, called a pathologist, will look at the tissue to check for cancer cells.
If your biopsy shows melanoma, you may need to have more tests to find out if it has spread to your lymph nodes.
The most common treatment is surgery to remove the melanoma. That is all the treatment that you may need for early-stage melanomas that have not spread to other parts of your body.
Other treatments for melanoma include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.
The best way to prevent all kinds of skin cancer, including melanoma, is to protect yourself whenever you are out in the sun.
Check your skin every month for odd marks, moles, or sores that will not heal. Check all of your skin, but pay extra attention to areas that get a lot of sun, such as your hands, arms, and back. Ask your doctor to check your skin during regular physical examinations or at least once a year.
Health Tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health.
Melanoma is most often caused by too much exposure to the sun's UV rays. Examples include:footnote 1
Things that make getting melanoma more likely include your skin type, the colour of your hair, and the colour of your eyes.
Most melanomas start as a new skin growth on unmarked skin. The growth may change colour, shape, or size. These types of changes are an early sign that the growth is melanoma. But melanoma can also develop in an existing mole or other mark on the skin. Or it may look like a bruise that isn't healing or show up as a brown or black streak under a fingernail or toenail.
Melanoma can grow anywhere on the body. It most often occurs on the upper back in men and women and on the legs in women. Less often, it can grow in other places, such as on the soles, palms, nail beds, or mucous membranes that line body cavities such as the mouth, the rectum, and the vagina.
On older people, the face is the most common place for melanoma to grow. And in older men, the most common sites are the neck, scalp, and ears.footnote 1
The most important warning sign for melanoma is any change in size, shape, or colour of a mole or other skin growth, such as a birthmark. Watch for changes that occur over a period of weeks to a month. The ABCDE system tells you what changes to look for.
Melanoma in an existing mole
Signs of melanoma in an existing mole include changes in:
Many other skin conditions (such as seborrheic keratosis, warts, and basal cell cancer) have features similar to those of melanoma.
Signs of melanoma that has spread
Symptoms of melanoma that has spread (metastatic melanoma) may be vague. They include swollen lymph nodes, especially in the armpit or groin, and a colourless lump or thickening under the skin.
Melanoma develops when normal pigment-producing skin cells called melanocytes become abnormal, grow uncontrollably, and invade surrounding tissues. Usually only one melanoma develops at a time. Melanomas can begin in an existing mole or other skin growth, but most start in unmarked skin.
When melanoma is found early, it can often be cured by surgery to remove it. But after melanoma spreads, it is harder to cure.
Experts talk about prognosis in terms of "5-year survival rates." The 5-year survival rate means the percentage of people who are still alive 5 years or longer after their cancer was discovered. Remember that these are only averages. Everyone's case is different, and these numbers don't necessarily show what will happen to you. The estimated 5-year survival rate for melanoma is:footnote 2
A risk factor for melanoma is something that increases your chance of getting this cancer. Having one or more of these risk factors can make it more likely that you will get melanoma. But it doesn't mean that you will definitely get it. And many people who get melanoma don't have any of these risk factors.
Risk factors for melanoma include:footnote 1
Call your doctor now if you have any of these symptoms:
The most important warning sign for melanoma is a change in size, shape, or colour of a mole or other skin growth (such as a birthmark). Call your doctor if you have:
If you have been diagnosed with cancer, be sure to follow your doctor's instructions about calling when you have problems, new symptoms, or symptoms that get worse.
To check for melanoma and whether or not it has spread, your doctor may:
Other techniques may include total-body photography to look for changes in any mole and to watch for new moles appearing in normal skin. A series of photos of the suspicious lesions may be taken. Then the photos can be used as a baseline to compare with follow-up photos.
Melanoma may be cured if it's found and treated in its early stages when it affects only the skin. If melanoma has spread, it is much harder to treat.
How much and what type of treatment you need depends on the stage.
Treatments for melanoma include:
Melanoma can spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, where it can cause tumours. When melanoma has spread and appears as a tumour in another part of the body, it sometimes can be successfully treated with surgery. But metastatic melanoma usually needs other treatments, too, such as chemotherapy, interferon, immunotherapy, or radiation therapy.
Metastatic melanoma and melanoma that can't be removed with surgery may be treated with inhibitors.
Melanoma can come back after treatment. This is called recurrent melanoma. All of the treatments mentioned above may be used for recurrent melanoma as well as:
If your melanoma can't be cured, your doctors will try to control symptoms, reduce complications, and keep you comfortable.
Your doctor may recommend that you join a clinical trial if one is available in your area. Clinical trials may offer the best treatment option for people who have metastatic cancer. Clinical trials study other treatments, such as combinations of chemotherapy, vaccines, and immunotherapies. They are also studying targeted therapy.
Regular follow-up appointments are important after you have been diagnosed with melanoma. Your doctor will set up a regular schedule of checkups that will happen less often as time goes on.
You can find more information about skin cancer online:
Finding out that you have cancer can change your life. You may feel like your world has turned upside down and you have lost all control. Talking with family, friends, or a counsellor can really help. Ask your doctor about support groups. Or call the Canadian Cancer Society (1-888-939-3333) or visit its website at www.cancer.ca for more information.
Cancer treatment has two main goals: curing cancer and making your quality of life as good as possible. Hospice palliative care can improve your quality of life by helping you manage your symptoms. It can also help you with other concerns that you may have when you are living with a serious illness.
For some people who have advanced-stage cancer, a time comes when treatment to cure cancer no longer seems like a good choice. This can be because the side effects, time, and costs of treatment are greater than the promise of cure or relief. But this isn't the end of treatment. Hospice palliative care providers will work to help manage pain and other symptoms or side effects. They may help you decide what treatment you want or don't want. And they can help your loved ones understand how to support you.
It can be hard to decide when to stop treatment to prolong your life and shift the focus to end-of-life care. You and your doctor can decide when you may be ready for hospice palliative care.
To learn more about supportive care, see:
To help prevent skin cancer:
Home treatment can help you manage any side effects that your treatment might cause. If your doctor gives you instructions or medicines to treat these side effects, be sure to follow them. In general, healthy habits such as eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep and exercise may help control your symptoms.
Having cancer can change your life in many ways. For help in managing these changes, see the topic Getting Support When You Have Cancer.
Medicines for melanoma include:
Medicines used to treat melanoma may be given as an outpatient treatment. But sometimes people need a short hospital stay.
Medicines may be taken by mouth or injected into your bloodstream so they can travel throughout your body. If the melanoma is on an arm or a leg, chemotherapy medicines may be added to a warm solution that is injected into the bloodstream of that limb. The flow of blood to and from that limb is stopped for a short time so the medicine can go right to the tumour. This is called hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion.
The side effects of some of the melanoma medicines can be serious.
Surgery is the most common treatment for melanoma. Lymph nodes may be removed at the same time to check them for cancer. Surgery also may be done to remove lymph nodes that have cancer or to remove melanoma that may have spread to other parts of the body.
The most common types of surgery used to treat melanoma include:
After removal of a melanoma, you may need a skin graft or other reconstructive surgery for cosmetic reasons or to restore function. This is most likely if the melanoma was large or was a late-stage tumour.
Radiation treatment is the use of high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumours. It isn't as effective in treating melanoma as it is in other cancers. But it may be used to reduce the risk of melanoma coming back. Or it may be used when melanoma has spread to other parts fo the body, such as the brain or bone.
People sometimes use complementary therapies along with medical treatment to help relieve symptoms and side effects of cancer treatments. Some of the complementary therapies that may be helpful include:
Mind-body treatments like the ones listed above may help you feel better. They can make it easier to cope with cancer treatments. They also may reduce chronic low back pain, joint pain, headaches, and pain from treatments.
Before you try a complementary therapy, talk to your doctor about the possible value and potential side effects. Let your doctor know if you are already using any such therapies. They are not meant to take the place of standard medical treatment.
CitationsBailey EC, et al. (2012). Cutaneous melanoma. In LA Goldman et al., eds., Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, 8th ed., vol. 1, pp. 1416–1444. New York: McGraw-Hill.American Cancer Society (2012). Cancer Facts and Figures 2012. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. Available online: http://www.cancer.org/Research/CancerFactsFigures/CancerFactsFigures/cancer-facts-figures-2012.
Current as of: May 4, 2022
Author: Healthwise StaffMedical Review: Kathleen Romito MD - Family MedicineBrian D. O'Brien MD - Internal MedicineAdam Husney MD - Family MedicineAmy McMichael MD - Dermatology
Current as of: May 4, 2022
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:Kathleen Romito MD - Family Medicine & Brian D. O'Brien MD - Internal Medicine & Adam Husney MD - Family Medicine & Amy McMichael MD - Dermatology
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In Memoir, Neil Young Wages 'Heavy Peace'
This is FRESH AIR. I'm Terry Gross. We've been lucky to have Neil Young as our guest several times on FRESH AIR, and we're glad to have him back today. The occasion is the publication of his new memoir, "Waging Heavy Peace." It's about his music, raising children with special needs, the medical conditions that have affected his own life and his work as an inventor with model trains, sound systems and electric cars.
On Saturday, Neil Young and the band Crazy Horse headlined the Global Citizen Festival in New York's Central Park as part of their first tour in eight years. Neil Young and Crazy Horse have a new album that will be released at the end of the month, featuring songs that relate to Young's memoir. Let's start with a preview. This song is called "For the Love of Man."
NEIL YOUNG: (Singing) For the love of man, who could understand what goes on, what is right and what is wrong, why the angels cry, and the heavens sigh when the child is born to live but not like you or I? Let the angels ring the bells in the holy halls. May they hear the voice that calls to them.
(Singing) For the love of man...
GROSS: Neil Young, welcome back to FRESH AIR. Congratulations on the new album and on your new memoir. So in reading your book, you know, it made me think about all the extremes in your life. Like the song that we just heard is about your children. You have two sons who have special needs, and one of them with cerebral palsy, your son Ben Young, is also quadriplegic, which I'm not sure I realized until reading your book. He's 34 now.
So the book made me think about how you've been at the extremes of, like, a rock star with all the perks that can come with that, and as a father having two sons with special needs, and as I hope we get to talk about a little later, your body's been through extremes: polio, back surgery, epileptic seizures, a brain aneurism, nearly bleeding to death.
Your wife Peggy has had brain surgery. Do you think about extremes in your life, and do you think about how they may have affected how you've chosen to live your life?
YOUNG: You know, I think, first of all I'm thankful for the great doctors that I know. And aside from that, I think just growing up with my family and realizing that my family had some different qualities from other individuals has given me a little bit of depth.
GROSS: So, in your memoir, you say that you think one of the reasons why you haven't written songs lately is that you stopped drinking and smoking. And you say you're in a period where you're not at all interested in music. You write I'm currently tired of my musical self. I haven't written a song since I stopped smoking weed in January of 2011. Was that all before this new Crazy Horse album with new songs connected to the book?
YOUNG: Oh yes. I mean, that was over a year ago when I wrote that.
GROSS: So you're back into music again?
YOUNG: Well, I've always been into music, but I'm not into trying to make music if I don't feel like it. I'm into music very much, and I always have been, but it's nothing new that I go through cycles where I'm sick of myself, where I just don't think that I have anything to offer. And that's just a sign that it's not a good time for me to do anything.
GROSS: You say in the book that you gave up smoking marijuana because - well why don't you explain.
YOUNG: Well, in the book I say that I gave it up because of doctor's orders, that a doctor really recommended that that would be a good idea. I respect the doctor.
GROSS: And he recommended it because you were concerned about the possibility of the early onset of dementia because something showed up on brain imaging.
YOUNG: I have a genetic connection. So the two things working together give me pause. So, you know, I'm not making any promises, but I'm definitely who I am. I don't smoke weed, and I don't drink right now. I stopped doing that. I feel good, though.
GROSS: One of the things you write about in your memoir is your early music, and your first band, The Squires, was formed in Winnipeg in the early '60s. And I want to ask you about one of the songs that you recorded, and it's called "I Wonder," and this is on your archives project, too. And you describe this as the best song that you sang, but you say we decided because I had a, quote, "different voice" that The Squires would be an instrumental recording group.
So how did it make you feel that The Squires became an instrumental group because your singing was weird by their standards?
YOUNG: Well, it was by the standards of the engineer in the booth. His name was Harry Taylor(ph). He was an engineer at CKRC in Winnipeg. There was a studio there, and the first record I made was made there. And then one - like the story goes in the book, you know, I was singing, and they decided that maybe I didn't have a good enough voice.
So of course being, you know, young as we were, we actually listened, which there was really no reason for us to listen to him. I mean, he was just recording us. So we, being very young and naive, we stopped. We didn't sing anymore. So we just played.
GROSS: So why don't we hear, like, a very early vocal track, and this is "I Wonder." And do you want to say anything about this song, about, like, writing it or recording it?
YOUNG: I wrote it in my bedroom on Grosvenor Avenue, 1123 Grosvenor in Winnipeg, and it was probably recorded at CJLX in Fort William by a disc jockey named Ray D(ph).
GROSS: OK, so here we go. So here's Neal Young and The Squires, "I Wonder."
GROSS: So I didn't know about this before reading the book, you got a contract with Motown in 1966 when you were singing with a band that featured Rick James, who was then known as Ricky James Matthews, a band called The Mynah Birds. And so you signed with Motown, went to Detroit, went to choreography school, got clothes fitted for the band.
I cannot imagine you in choreography school. I just see you standing on the stage, you know, with your guitar in, like, a T-shirt or a flannel shirt and jeans. I just don't see you in that kind of, like Motown costume or doing Motown dance moves.
YOUNG: Well, they never really made any clothes for us, but they fit us, and they were looking at us, and they showed us some, you know, some choreography. But it really didn't work, you know, with what we did, and they realized it. But they had us - you know, we went through the Motown music school, basically, learning how to be Motown artists.
But, you know, we were one of the first white groups that they ever had, so they - you know, if not the very first. You know, we had Ricky with us, but everyone else, we were all a bunch of white guys from Canada. So, you know, we didn't have the moves.
GROSS: My guest is Neil Young. His new memoir is called "Waging Heavy Peace." We'll talk more after a break. This is FRESH AIR.
GROSS: If you're just joining us, my guest is Neil Young, and he has a new memoir, and it's called "Waging Heavy Peace," and there's also a new Crazy Horse album out, as well. So you moved to California, you met up there with Stephen Stills, who you had met previously in Canada when you were on tour, and you performed with him in Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young.
And you were writing during that period, well at least during the Buffalo Springfield period, that it was still hard for you to sing. You would often overdub your voice because you just weren't comfortable singing, you know, in real time.
YOUNG: Well, everybody overdubbed at that time. You know, that's what was happening; except before that time, everybody used to sing live. So we were just entering the multi-track recording phase when people started singing and overdubbing their voices. So the fact that I was overdubbing wasn't really that different from everybody else. Everybody else in the band was overdubbing, too.
The thing that was different was, you know, I still had my voice, and it was a different voice. So no matter where I went, people, you know, they hadn't gotten used to me. So they were wondering what to do with me. And I kept singing and doing what I did. And I was pretty nervous, you know, about singing anyway.
And I had a lot of pitch problems and everything at that point that I still have, but it did - it bothered me more then. So, you know, it was just a nervous time, but they eventually gave me a bunch of amphetamines by the - I was singing for hours and hours after that.
GROSS: Well, in particular a song that you mentioned where they gave you amphetamines was "Burned," which is one of your songs, and it's a song about - or inspired by a epileptic seizure. It just struck me as kind of odd, you know, that this is a song about an epileptic seizure, and they're giving you amphetamines so that you can sing it more comfortably.
YOUNG: Yeah, well, maybe they didn't know what the song was about, or at least, you know, I don't know. I can't figure out what was going on back then, but I do know that the track is pretty out of tune. So, I mean, you know, not just my singing, but I think probably the guitar playing and everything. So - but that's just, you know, where we were at at the time.
GROSS: So since "Burned" is about an epileptic seizure, do you remember the first one that you had and if you had any idea what was going on?
YOUNG: Well, I'm not sure it was the first one I ever had, but the first time that I know I had one, I was just - you know, I was in a place called - it was called The Teen Fair. It was in Hollywood, and it was just one of these things where there were a lot of kids, and it was a lot of music, and it was all kinds of things. It was sponsored by radio stations and a big deal. We were all there.
I was having fun, and, you know, maybe I'd forgotten to eat or something, I don't know. And then I felt kind of sick to my stomach, and then I started to feel all weird and echoey, and then I fell down, and I don't really remember until afterwards. And I woke up, and then I was just - kind of had to get to know my name again and realize where I was and reorient myself to where I was and what I was doing, who I was, everything that had happened to me up to that point.
And, you know, that took a few minutes, and then, you know, I kind of rebooted.
GROSS: I think a lot of people after having a seizure like that stop driving and stop doing things that they fear would be very dangerous if they had a seizure while doing it.
YOUNG: Well, I guess they probably do, but I had a warning there. I recognized right away that I could - you know, the next time I felt like that that I'd know what was happening. I had a good 45 seconds.
GROSS: How many next times have there been?
YOUNG: There have been enough. Yeah, there have been enough of them.
GROSS: You just - yeah.
YOUNG: But they're not there now. They don't happen anymore. I think I outgrew them.
GROSS: You described this, like, horrible procedure that had to be done. This was before MRIs, and the doctor wanted to see, you know, an image of what was going on in your brain. And you write in capital letters: I DO NOT RECOMMEND THIS TEST.
YOUNG: Well, it's been banished. They don't do this test anymore.
GROSS: Thank goodness, yeah, yeah, so do you want to describe what they did?
YOUNG: No, but I will. But it's basically like a torture, and it's not a good thing to - very painful and very primal situation, and has to do with having a radioactive dye injected into your bloodstream and into your nervous system, basically into your back. So it goes into your - right into your nervous system. Then they track it up into your head.
But when they do that, they usually get some bubbles of air and stuff in there, too. So when those go through your brain, you're really - it's excruciating. And they really didn't figure anything out from it. And it was a barbaric practice. It's just one of those things that they don't do anymore because they figured it out it didn't work.
GROSS: So I just think it's so interesting that you didn't let any of this inhibit, like, your travels because you spent a lot of times on the road.
YOUNG: I could tell when it was going to happen. You know, I was just always watching out for it. I used to be anxious, you know. When I was - I don't think I ate enough food. Something was wrong. But anyway, during those formative years of my early 20s or whatever, very early 20s, I had trouble shopping and stuff.
I'd go in the little store in Laurel Canyon to buy some food for my house, you know, to get a - some stupid food that a 20-year-old would buy. And I couldn't even handle the detail in the hallways, you know, in the aisleways(ph), you know, all the packages and everything. They used to just freak me out. So eventually I'd try to shop, and then about halfway through the trip, I'd just leave and leave all my stuff that I'd gathered and just have to get out of the store. I don't know what that was.
But, you know, it's gone now.
GROSS: So, you know, I always think about the things you don't know about an artist whose work you love as you watch them perform. And so I learned from the book that in 1971, when you did your Live at Massey Hall concert, which is such a great concert, that you were actually wearing a back brace. And you're doing this absolutely incredible concert, and I want to play a track from that concert.
And I thought we'd play "Helpless." Do you want to talk a little bit about that concert and also about writing the song?
YOUNG: Well, the song - first of all, the concert was a great time because I always liked coming home. The last time I'd been in Toronto before that I was, like, basically living on the street. I had a flat that I was living in that cost, like, $12 a week or something, and I had a little hotplate and, you know, cooked beans and stuff in my room.
And I was - you know, I really tried to get some gigs as a folk singer and got - didn't do too well at that. So it was, you know, my formative time. And so I wasn't a big success when I was there the last time before this visit, so going back there and playing at Massey Hall and having a couple of sold-out shows in one day, it was a real rush, you know.
So there was a great feeling, and plus, you know, like being a Canadian and having reached a certain level of success in the States and having a hit record with - I don't know what it was - I guess "After the Gold Rush" or something at that time. It was a big deal. And, you know, I was, like, in my early 20s.
So when I showed up there, it was like all the Canadian kids that were there, they felt like, if this can happen to this guy, this could happen to me, it could happen to anybody. You know, so there was a lot of that. I mean, it was sort of a celebration, a Canadian spirit thing. It was a good thing.
GROSS: OK, so this is "Helpless," performed by my guest Neil Young in 1971 at a concert in Massey Hall, and the song was initially released, you know, a different version, of course, on the Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young album "Deja Vu" in 1970. So here's Neil Young in 1971.
GROSS: Neil Young will be back in the second half of the show. His new memoir is called "Waging Heavy Peace." His new album with Crazy Horse, "Psychedelic Pill," will be released at the end of the month. I'm Terry Gross, and this is FRESH AIR.
GROSS: This s FRESH AIR. I'm Terry Gross back with Neil Young. He has a new memoir called "Waging Heavy Peace." His new album with Crazy Horse, "Psychedelic Pill," will be released at the end of October.
So in your book you write that you're a musical sponge, and that when you started listening to Bob Dylan you were playing harmonica like him, you were just so influenced by his music and you had to like stop listening. And it took you a while before you could play harmonica and not think that you were copying Bob Dylan. So what are some of the ways in which being a musical sponge has been really helpful and other ways in which you've maybe seen it as a problem?
YOUNG: Well, I'm just a sponge because if I hear something that I like I want figure it out. You know, if I can capture it, I'm influenced by things so I'm careful not to expose myself to things that influence me heavily right away because it'll destroy the direction of that I'm naturally on and derail me and make me go somewhere. So I try to assimilate what's going on around me without being distracted to the point where I'm like a moth going for a light bulb. I kind of like to keep on going straight and, you know, use what I've been up along the way.
GROSS: So when you started recording with Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and you started, you know, your own albums as well, what were the influences that were most affecting you then?
YOUNG: Boy, it's hard to say. Just music. I just wanted to play music, you know. I wanted to play music with my friends or play it by myself, write songs, express myself, go on the road, learn how to play my guitar, learn how to make it sound better, learn how to make my amplifier work better, try to get into it to the point where I could have the sound go through the wire and not be distracted by anything in between and, you know, I still manipulate the sounds and by remote control and do all kinds of things without compensating the signal. And so, you know, I can go off and do a technical abyss on just about anything.
GROSS: Yeah, because you've also created all this musical stuff, including you're doing - you're continuing to do that now, trying to perfect better ways of recording sound, so that there's...
YOUNG: Yes.
GROSS: ...there's no distortion. So I mean - I don't know - you're into so many different aspects of creation - mechanical, electronic and musical.
YOUNG: Terry, I love...
GROSS: Yeah.
YOUNG: I love distortion. I...
GROSS: No, when you want it.
GROSS: You like creating the distortion.
YOUNG: I thrive on distortion.
GROSS: Yes. You don't want a lack of fidelity to either the distortion or the undistorted sound. How did you start wanting that kind of like dirty guitar sound - the distorted guitar sound?
YOUNG: Well, you know, there's a guy called Link Wray and he had a group called the Ray Men and they played a song called "Rumble" in about the early '60s. And that was like a very distorted sounding guitar that was just hairy, I mean it was great. And I heard that and I wanted to play like that so I learned how to do that. Then I became fascinated with why it sounded like that and there were a lot of reasons. People figured out that, you know, Link Wray had a speaker and had a rip in it and they used to vibrate, you know, and they used to rattle and that was part of its sound. And then a friend of mine showed me a record by a guy from Nashville that had a guitar player in his band that it was Marty Robbins with a song called "Don't Worry about Me" and then there was this electric guitar solo in the middle that was so distorted and so funky I went, what is that? I've never heard anything like that before because it was controlled. And it just turned out that this guy had figured something out with his amplifier and used different tubes and overdriven something and then I'm going, oh my God, that's amazing, he did that. And then my buddy at high school said yeah, we can do that, look at this. And then he changed the tubes in his amp and then it started sounding like that.
And those were beginnings of fuzz tone and effects and everything like that and we created each one but then we couldn't switch back from one to another because we'd used the whole amplifier to create one sound. So you couldn't get out of that sound so you were stuck with it. So you couldn't use it as a feature. You couldn't just turn it on and go with it. So, you know, we figured out how to do that over the next period of time and designed a bunch of things, little motors that turned knobs and did all kinds of things backwards from the way they do it now.
GROSS: Do you ever think of when you are doing a lot of like noise distortion kind of guitar, do you ever think of it as almost giving your guitar a seizure?
YOUNG: I don't think of it. I don't think while I'm doing that hopefully I'm completely gone somewhere and I'm just making a sound and I just like to hear the sound. So it's all about having a good time and making the sound, and then if - but you really have to have a reason to make the sound. So that's why I write songs and, you know, the songs have got the message and then but after a while you forget about the message and you just get the sound going and then the two things go together and then if you're lucky you write another song. And so everything happens for, you know, one thing at a time. You know, you - the more I play my guitar the more it sounds and eventually I get to the end of that passage and then the rest will be something to say that gives validity to what I'm playing so that, you know, you can't just play for the rest of time, you have to have a reason why you're playing. And so why, that's why the songs are all struggling for individuality.
GROSS: You have an archive of all of your recordings and you're releasing a lot of those in a series of archive albums. Why, you know, a lot of people don't even hear their own music again and don't necessarily keep a good record of it. Why have you wanted to maintain an archive and also to release things from it?
YOUNG: What I'm more interested really even though releasing my own stuff and keeping my own stuff, I mean I figure I'm an artist. I created my stuff, I don't want to just away. I'm not like a record company I, you know, some of the record companies that created some of the greatest art and that I remember, you know, they didn't take care of it, you know, so nobody knows where it is. People didn't realize how great it was so you can't find it. You know, some of these things happened and we've discovered these kind of things as we are looking for contemporary or even, you know, in many cases much more accomplished artists than myself have got great recordings and great hit legacies of recordings and we're looking for those in connection with my Pono music system so that we can capture those and preserve them for future generations to be able to hear them at the highest level of technology that we have available today. And, you know, along those lines, you know, tomorrow I'm helping or actually sitting in on the transferring of "Highway 61 Revisited" and "Freewheelin' Bob Dylan" and those are just two of the records that we're doing at the very initial stages of creating the system that preserves the classics for the ages, this is what we want to do.
GROSS: Is Dylan in on that?
YOUNG: Yeah. He's, you know, he and I have talked about it and he's, of course, made his masters available and I'm talking to his record company, to Sony Records and we're working all of the details out for everything. And we're going to be - people will be able to purchase these songs and listen to things the way they were created, not with any compromise in - any kind of compromise in quality. So better than they've ever heard them in their life.
YOUNG: So that's something worth doing, I think and it just gives me a good feeling. It's not just from my tapes, not from my world of music, although I'm trying to do it for mine, I want to do it for everybody. That's a song worth singing today. You know, there's a lot of music out there that needs to be saved, needs to be archived, needs be taken care of.
GROSS: Do you have a favorite period of your own work?
YOUNG: Not really. I love Crazy Horse.
GROSS: Mm-hmm.
YOUNG: I love my work with Ben Keith. I love my work with David Briggs. I love that I've been able to do so many things. I love the singing that I've done with Linda Ronstadt. I love what I did with Nicolette Larsen. And I love what I did with Emmylou Harris. I love what I did in Nashville. I love what I did, you know, in my New York sessions. I love what I've done everywhere I've gone. I've been so fortunate. I loved being with the Buffalo Springfield and things we created, the music Stills and I made. All these things are just a huge gift. What a wonderful time I've had. So, you know, all I can think of is this is valuable and there's other musicians that have done the same thing as I have in their own way. And I think it's important that this art get captured, that it gets preserved and then it gets shared so everybody can hear it.
GROSS: So are you back into writing music again?
YOUNG: Yeah.
GROSS: A fertile musical period for you?
YOUNG: I think so. My new album but I just finished with Crazy Horse is coming out in about three and a half weeks and it's called "Psychedelic Pill" - oddly enough for a very straight ahead sober guy like I am.
GROSS: it's funny it's called "Psychedelic Pill" because you say in the book that...
GROSS: ...your doctor told you after your first epileptic seizure never take LSD.
YOUNG: Right.
GROSS: Did you follow his...
YOUNG: Well, it's my own kind of psychedelic pill. It's safe.
GROSS: Did you follow his advice and never take it?
YOUNG: Don't feel bad kids. Take this and call me in the morning.
GROSS: Did you follow his advice and never take it?
YOUNG: Oh, yeah. Are you kidding? Definitely.
GROSS: Because you say you get hallucinations...
YOUNG: No. I...
GROSS: You say you get hallucinations anyway, so, you know...
YOUNG: I don't need any help hallucinating.
GROSS: What do you hallucinate?
YOUNG: What don't I hallucinate? I'm, you know, like I'm just, you know, I don't want to. I don't want to enhance that.
GROSS: But seriously, like what brings on hallucinations for you?
YOUNG: Life. Everything. I mean just, you know, you can't stop. That's like you got to turn that off. You don't want to accelerate that. That's a gift.
GROSS: When like in the '60s and '70s when a lot of people you knew were tripping, did you wonder what it was like even though you weren't doing it?
YOUNG: No, I didn't wonder what it was like. I felt like I was already doing it and I was out of control. I like, you know, I'd be walking down the aisle of a supermarket and freaking out because all of the boxes everything were like too much for me, all the colors and everything. I didn't need any help. I needed a little bit of restraint. I needed to be saved. No I needed to be safe.
GROSS: Do you feel like you've been saved?
YOUNG: No. Not yet.
GROSS: OK. All right.
GROSS: Neil Young, thank you so much for talking with us.
YOUNG: Thank you, Terry.
GROSS: Neil Young's new memoir is called "Waging Heavy Peace." You can read an excerpt on our website, freshair.npr.org. His new album with Crazy Horse, "Psychedelic Pill," will be released at the end of October.
Coming up, Ed Ward tells the story of the short-lived Ska Punk band The English Beat. This is FRESH AIR.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Two nominees walk into the capital for their confirmation hearings on Tuesday morning. One is a war hero. The other, a lawyer. They meet under the great rotunda to give each other a little pep talk before what promises to be a long day. "I'm sick and tired of hearing about my lack of judicial experience," the lawyer confesses. "No, problem," says the war hero. "I have enough experience for the both of us. Take some of mine," and he sprinkles a little of his experience dust over the top of her head. "Damn it," says the lawyer, "Now I have a record."
This conversation is, of course, imaginary. But it does illuminate a real difference between the issue of experience in the hearings to confirm Elena Kagan as Supreme Court justice and David Petraeus as commander of U.S. forces in Afghanistan.
Kagan has never served as a judge. For this reason, Republican critics have argued that she simply isn't qualified for the job. But Kagan's hearings would likely be more heated if she had judicial experience. The very same critics would pore over her record to support their claim that she is just another liberal activist cloaked in a judge's robe. Thus, experience can be a double-edged sword.
But this isn't the case for the war hero. The widespread support for Petraeus as McChrystal's replacement has revolved in large part around the general's experience in Iraq. Echoing the news reports, in his opening remarks at the confirmation hearings, Senator Carl Levin underscored Petraeus' "highly experienced leadership." Other members of the committee followed suit. While several of them asked challenging questions about the current strategy in Afghanistan, nobody critiqued Petraeus' experience in Iraq.
Experience is not a double-edged sword for Petraeus because of the bi-partisan consensus that the war in Iraq was ultimately a success, if not a victory. This consensus has emerged out of the surge narrative that has become so dominant in discussions of the Iraq War. According to this narrative, when Petraeus took over the war in 2007, he led a strategic revolution in Anbar province, where the Sunni insurgency was strongest. As a result of the counterinsurgency strategy implemented by Petraeus, the insurgency was persuaded to turn against Al Qaeda and throw its lot in with the U.S. The Anbar Awakening, as it is called, was a pivotal turning point in the war, after which the insurgency increasingly lost traction and momentum. Even Obama, who had been a sharp critic of the war in Iraq, has called the surge a success.
Ever since the surge narrative took root, there has been little public debate about the situation in Iraq. Thus, it is no surprise that, instead of an ongoing conflict, Iraq figured into the hearings as an historical event. It mattered only insofar as its success could be applied to Afghanistan. Along these lines, a few senators asked whether there might have been more popular support for the U.S. in Anbar province than in Marja, Afghanistan. But none of them asked whether the success in Anbar has led to long-term stability or effective governance in Iraq. If they had probed into the more recent history of Anbar, they would find a province wracked by political infighting that constantly threatens to self-destruct. The Awakening Party, whose members led the turnaround in 2007, has been accused of intimidation and corruption, and was unable to command the popular vote in last February's election. Meanwhile, multinational companies are scrambling to get a piece of Anbar's future oil and gas production, leaving it unclear whether and how the local population will actually benefit. While violence is down, it is far from certain that the Clear-Hold-Build strategy has had lasting success in the region.
When the Judiciary Committee asks a Supreme Court nominee to answer for their judicial decisions, it is less an interrogation of individual qualifications than a provocation for debating deeply engrained differences over the principles and values of our political system. Along the same lines, many progressives hoped that the change in command would prompt a discussion not of Petraeus' qualifications, but rather, of the guiding principles and values of the war in Afghanistan. So far, the more complicated legacy of the surge in Iraq has been left out of that debate. The erasure of the long-term effects of counterinsurgency in Iraq does not bode well for Afghanistan, where corruption, lack of popular support for the government, and sooner or later, a battle over the country's newly-discovered natural resources, similarly plagues the war effort. As T.S. Eliot wrote in the wake of the Great War, "We had the experience, but missed the meaning."


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On the Map
The On the Map exhibit is not currently available online. If you contributed a site to the exhibit in the past and would like us to send you a copy of your materials, please contact us.
How to cite this page
Jewish Women's Archive. "On the Map." (Viewed on June 10, 2023) <https://jwa.org/onthemap>.


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SPECIAL NOTICE TO ALL: Never take a medication without first consulting and getting permission from your MD.
Medicina Mexico knows that keeping your customers happy, secure and safe is more important than making money and will always result in repeat customers.
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Because our staff is so busy processing orders from all over the world 24/7, we were forced to make some tough decisions.
We are no longer taking phone calls, nor are we updating or adding shipping information into our web servers.
We do answer all emails within 5 hours and that will never stop.
All order are shipped within 48 hours of receipt of funds unless we are out of stock on a medicine and in those cases, we are now
informing our customers of orders by email. Please do not send an email asking if your order has shipped
or requesting a tracking number. as we are too busy packaging and shipping new orders. In short, we will
not answer you unless your order is late by 30 days.
If we took the time to look up this information for all our customers, then nothing would be shipped on time.
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This medication is used to treat diarrhea due to certain intestinal parasitic infections (i.e., Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia).
Take this medication by mouth every 12 hours for 3 days with food, or as directed by your doctor.Children less than 11 years of age should not take these tablets. Instead, they should take nitazoxanide suspension.Antibiotics work best when the amount of medicine in your body is kept at a constant level.
Therefore, take this drug at evenly spaced intervals.Continue to take this medication until the full-prescribed amount is finished even if symptoms disappear after a few doses. Stopping this medication too early may allow the parasites to continue to grow, which may result in a relapse of the infection.Inform your doctor if your condition worsens or does not improve.
If you miss a dose, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Precautions Before taking nitazoxanide, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your Doctor for more details. Before using this medication, tell the doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: liver disease, kidney disease, weak immune system (e.g., HIV infection).
Do not take over-the-counter medications to treat diarrhea without first checking with your doctor or pharmacist.Tell your doctor if you are pregnant before using this medication.It is not known whether this medication passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
Side effects This medication is generally well tolerated when taken as directed.Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.
A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects.


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Karrie Moriarty - Windermere Distinctive Homes
Real estate agent or broker in AZ, Arizona - Karrie Moriarty, online profile on SouthPadreIslandRealEstate.Biz include address, real estate agency or company, phone number, fax, e-mail and website (if available). Karrie Moriarty can help you to buy, sell or rent any real estate in Arizona state, can help you buying & selling any type of property such as apartments, houses, villas, condos, homes and townhouses in Tucson, AZ. Karrie Moriarty real estate agency, company is Windermere Distinctive Homes, located in Tucson, AZ, Pima county.
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Industrial Manufacturing Impact Analysis
A single organization can have multiple roles under REACH and its obligations can vary greatly depending on a number of factors.
At SGS, we understand the complexity of the requirements of the REACH regulation. We can carry out a REACH impact analysis for your business and offer pragmatic solutions to help you understand your obligations and achieve compliance.
The nature of your obligations under REACH depend on factors such as your role in the supply chain, whether you manufacture and/or use chemical substances, their origin and the properties of products your organization purchases, manufactures or sells. Our aim is to help your organization define its roles through a REACH analysis, identify key priorities to focus on ahead of each compliance phase and to deliver these services cost-effectively.
Understand how REACH affects you
SGS will conduct an initial assessment to determine how your company and your substances or products are affected. This includes:
- Producing an inventory of chemical substances
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Why SGS?
Our REACH expertise, combined with consultancy services and knowledge of the different markets, make us your ideal partner to achieve compliance. Find out more about how SGS can help you understand the implications of REACH for your organization.


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I won't lie. I've been avoiding writing this post for a while. If you've visited my site regularly than you know that my family has lost several of our beloved pets. See here and here.
And I've also written about my two cats.
I'm sad to say that we lost Madeline. When she was diagnosed with thyroid disease a few years ago, we knew that sooner or later her kidneys would fail. In this case, they did along with her heart. It was swift and sudden. One minute she was fine, the next not. And with cats, because they are predators, it's in their nature to never show weakness until it's too late to do anything about it.
The vet laid it out straight. She was suffering and she wasn't going to get better no matter what we tried. We made the painful choice to say goodbye to her. Once again, we found ourselves in our vets "private" room saying goodbye to another member of our family.
After losing four pets in two years, we had decided no more new pets.
Until we were faced with the reality of that choice. Pepito (Maddy's brother) was our only pet. Younger son missed his lap cat. His lovey girl. While we love Pepito, he's not a cuddler. I think he missed having other cats around too.
As fate would have it, we happened to be in our local PetSmart when we decided to check out the cats. PetSmart has a partnership with with a local cat rescue group and supports adult pet adoption.
That's when we met Nene.
She was abandoned by her owner to a New York pound and landed on the "death" list. Luckily, she was rescued by Mary's Kitty Korner.
Because Pepito is fourteen, I didn't want a kitten or another male. Nene was perfect. Calm, affectionate and four years old. The volunteers at Mary's were fabulous, letting us spend time with her and assuring us that no matter what happened (if it didn't work out) they would take her back. They are a no kill shelter and will keep cats forever if they need to. And they vetted us carefully to be sure we would provide her with a safe happy home.
I'm happy to say Nene and Pepito are getting along fine (it was tough at first because cats need time to meet each other, not like dogs where you can introduce them immediately). As you can see below, she and squirrels hit it off.
We have always adopted our dogs and this was our first adult cat adoption. Nene seems to be happy and I can tell that someone loved her because she is very cuddly and seeks out human company. She chatty, loves to play and purrs, purrs, purrs.
We still miss Madeline, Ollie, Sparky and Oreo, but we still have a lot of love to give and we're happy to share it with Nene too.


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High-skilled visa requests likely to exceed available supply faster than in years past
Posted on April 5, 2013
The Homeland Security Department expects applications for high-skilled immigration visas to outpace the available supply in a matter of days, one of the fastest runs on the much-sought-after work permits in years and a sign of continued economic recovery amid new hiring by U.S. technology companies.
The urgent race for such visas — highly desired by Microsoft, Apple, Google and other leading technology companies — coincides with congressional plans to increase the number available to tech-savvy foreigners.
The race to secure one of the 85,000 so-called H-1B visas available for the 2014 budget year started Monday and requests will be accepted through at least Friday. If petitions outpace the availability in the first week, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services — for the first time since 2008 — will use a lottery to pick which companies get visas to award to prospective employees.
"It will be a frenzy, because the cap … is nowhere near high enough to meet demand," said Robert Holleyman, president and CEO of the Software Alliance, a trade group for technology companies.
Citizenship and Immigration Services spokesman Christopher Bentley said the agency won't know for certain whether a lottery is necessary until next week.
"We just won't know until we answer the mail each day," Bentley said.
The agency warned businesses about the anticipated crush of applications last month.
Each year 65,000 visas are awarded to companies looking to hire high-skilled workers from around the world; 20,000 more visas are available specifically for foreign workers who have earned a master's or another advanced degree from a U.S. university.
Even if applications don't exceed the availability this week, immigration attorneys and other experts predicted they would be snatched up faster than in recent years. It took 10 weeks to hit the cap in the 2013 budget year that began last October and more than 33 weeks to dole out all the available visas the year before.
A growing economy is contributing to the rush this year, but the scramble is also a sign that demand for the visas exceeds the available supply. Proposals to increase the number of available visas have been supported by lawmakers and political candidates in recent years and are now considered a key part of immigration reform plans in Congress.
"Our current immigration laws do not prioritize immigrants based on the skills and education they bring to our country," said Rep. Bob Goodlatte, R-Va., chairman of the House Judiciary Committee. He said the U.S. selects only about 12 percent of legal immigrants on the basis of their special skills.
Improving the system for foreign workers has been a sticking point among lawmakers. In November, the Republican-controlled House passed a bill to make green cards available to foreign students graduating from U.S. universities with advanced degrees in science and math while eliminating the government's Diversity Visa Lottery Program. That program randomly awards 55,000 visas to immigrants from countries with historically low rates of immigration to the United States. Democrats have largely supported the diversity lottery, and the bill was blocked in the Senate.
Holleyman of the Software Alliance said immigration reform and improvements to education in science, technology, engineering and math for U.S. students are the best ways to make sure U.S. employers have enough skilled workers.
The rush for these visas will be another signal to Congress that an overhaul of the program is needed as part of a broader immigration plan, said Neil Ruiz, an associate fellow at the Brookings Institution's Metropolitan Policy Program.
"Once Congress comes back next week," Ruiz said, "they will say, 'Ah-ha, we need this and we need to do this now.'"
For more news and updates, assistance with your visa needs or for a Free Assessment of your profile for Immigration or Work Visa's just visit www.y-axis.com


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James Hansen on Principles & Values
Former Republican Representative (UT-1)
The Adherents.com website is an independent project and is not supported by or affiliated with any organization (academic, religious, or otherwise).
Such factors as religious service attendance, belief, practice, familiarity with doctrine, belief in certain creeds, etc., may be important to sociologists, religious leaders, and others. But these are measures of religiosity and are usually not used academically to define a person's membership in a particular religion. It is important to recognize there are various levels of adherence, or membership within religious traditions or religious bodies. There's no single definition, and sources of adherent statistics do not always make it clear what definition they are using.
As Republican Members of the House of Representatives and as citizens seeking to join that body, we propose not just to change its policies, but to restore the bounds of trust between the people and their elected representatives. That is why, in this era of official evasion and posturing, we offer instead a detailed agenda for national renewal, a written commitment with no fine print.
|2010 Governor, House and Senate candidates on Principles & Values:
|James Hansen on other issues:
UT Gubernatorial:
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UT Senatorial:
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Orrin Hatch
Dem. Freshmen
in 112th Congress:
AL-7:Terri Sewell
CA-33:Karen Bass
DE-0:John Carney
FL-17:Frederica Wilson
HI-1:Colleen Hanabusa
LA-2:Cedric Richmond
MA-10:Bill Keating
MI-13:Hansen Clarke
RI-1:David Cicilline
GOP Freshmen
in 112th Congress:
AL-2:Martha Roby
AL-5:Mo Brooks
AZ-1:Paul Gosar
AZ-3:Ben Quayle
AZ-5:David Schweikert
AR-1:Rick Crawford
AR-2:Tim Griffin
AR-3:Steve Womack
CA-19:Jeff Denham
CO-3:Scott Tipton
CO-4:Cory Gardner
FL-12:Dennis Ross
FL-2:Steve Southerland
FL-21:Mario Diaz-Balart
FL-22:Allen West
FL-24:Sandy Adams
FL-25:David Rivera
FL-5:Rich Nugent
FL-8:Dan Webster
GA-2:Mike Keown
GA-7:Rob Woodall
GA-8:Austin Scott
ID-1:Raul Labrador
IL-8:Joe Walsh
IL-10:Bob Dold
IL-11:Adam Kinzinger
IL-14:Randy Hultgren
IL-17:Bobby Schilling
IL-8:Joe Walsh
IN-3:Marlin Stutzman
IN-4:Todd Rokita
IN-8:Larry Bucshon
IN-9:Todd Young
KS-1:Tim Huelskamp
KS-3:Kevin Yoder
KS-5:Mike Pompeo
LA-3:Jeff Landry
MD-1:Andy Harris
MI-1:Dan Benishek
MI-2:Bill Huizenga
MI-3:Justin Amash
MI-7:Tim Walberg
MN-8:Chip Cravaack
MO-4:Vicky Hartzler
MO-7:Billy Long
MS-1:Alan Nunnelee
MS-4:Steven Palazzo
GOP Freshmen
in 111th Congress:
NC-2:Renee Ellmers
ND-0:Rick Berg
NH-2:Charlie Bass
NH-1:Frank Guinta
NJ-3:Jon Runyan
NM-2:Steve Pearce
NV-3:Joe Heck
NY-13:Michael Grimm
NY-19:Nan Hayworth
NY-20:Chris Gibson
NY-24:Richard Hanna
NY-25:Ann Marie Buerkle
NY-29:Tom Reed
OH-1:Steve Chabot
OH-15:Steve Stivers
OH-16:Jim Renacci
OH-18:Bob Gibbs
OH-6:Bill Johnson
OK-5:James Lankford
PA-10:Tom Marino
PA-11:Lou Barletta
PA-3:Mike Kelly
PA-7:Patrick Meehan
PA-8:Mike Fitzpatrick
SC-1:Tim Scott
SC-3:Jeff Duncan
SC-4:Trey Gowdy
SC-5:Mick Mulvaney
SD-0:Kristi Noem
TN-3:Chuck Fleischmann
TN-4:Scott DesJarlais
TN-6:Diane Black
TN-8:Stephen Fincher
TX-17:Bill Flores
TX-23:Quico Canseco
TX-27:Blake Farenthold
VA-2:Scott Rigell
VA-5:Robert Hurt
VA-9:Morgan Griffith
WA-3:Jaime Herrera
WI-7:Sean Duffy
WI-8:Reid Ribble
WV-1:David McKinley
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Our Cryogenically Treated Stainless Steel-Loop End Five String Banjo Strings are produced to the highest quality standards for stage, studio and recreational musicians.
The additional cryogenic step before packaging exposes the strings to extremely low temperatures, below -300 degrees F. This cryogenic process is used in many industrial applications to provide consistent metal hardness and to extend its life expectancy. Many banjoists are convinced that the Cryogenic Treatment Process enhances the tone and extends the life of the strings.
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The Harmans arrived in Byaduk around 1863, one of the early families in the area. Peter Fraser's Early Byaduk Settlers credits family head, Joseph as the first shoemaker in Byaduk. He may not have been alone for long as Bailliere's Victoria Post Office Directory of 1869 lists both Joseph Harman and John Hurrell as shoemakers in the town. Joseph had worked as a shoemaker in Melbourn, Cambridgeshire as well as an agriculture labourer.
Joseph Harman was born in Melbourn around 1805 and married Sarah Mulberry in 1827. Their first son James died as a baby, but Sarah had another 12 babies over the next 22 years. The 1841 and 1851 Census both show the family living in Drury Lane, Melbourn. In 1852, they said goodbye to their newly married son James and his wife Susan who were sailing for Australia. In 1854, they again said their farewells as their next three sons, George, Jonathan, and Reuben followed the path of James and Susan to Australia. However, by the time the boys arrived in Sydney, Joseph along with Sarah and youngest children Sarah (10), Walt (9), and Alfred (2) were themselves sailing for Sydney.
The Harman family sailed on the "Queen of England" on September 30, 1854. To that point, there are four children I cannot fully account for, Mary Ann (born 1829), Arthur (born 1842), Ann (1848) and Elizabeth (1849). I have found death records for two other children of Joseph and Sarah, but not these four. I do feel confident I may find Mary Ann and am now following a lead on her.
The Queen of England arrived in Sydney in early January 1855. The five Harmans disembarked and reunited with the three boys who had been in New South Wales for two months. I lose them for a couple of years, although Joseph's death certificate states he resided in New South Wales for two years. I am looking around the Maitland area for them. By 1858 they had reached Port Fairy and, after six years, the family reunited.
Joseph died at Byaduk in 1893 at the ripe old age of 89. Sarah had died 13 years earlier. Joseph's obituary in the Hamilton Spectator perhaps gives some insight into Joseph's character and maybe even relations between him and his sons. It stated that Joseph was a Methodist, who became a Presbyterian. Considering James and George's standing in the Methodist church, I wonder how this decision by Joseph was accepted.
Both Joseph and Sarah were buried at the Byaduk Cemetery. While there is no visible headstone for the pair, there is a large plot enclosed by a rusted wrought iron fence I believe is their resting place. It is surrounded by graves of other Harman family members in a picturesque corner of the cemetery.


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Morning Minutes: June 28
Word of the Day
Enfant terrible ahn-fahn-teh-REE-bluh (noun) A child whose inopportune remarks cause embarrassment; a person known for shocking remarks or outrageous behavior; a usually young and successful person who is strikingly unorthodox, innovative or avant-garde - www.merriam-webster.com
Website of the Day
Kind of like Netflix for books, BookSwim is an online book rental club that delivers books to your doorstep. Choose among four different price plans, create a list of books you want to read, and wait for them to arrive.
Number to Know
311.7 million: The nation's estimated population on this July Fourth. – Census.gov
This Day in History
June 28, 1997: Mike Tyson vs Evander Holyfield II – Tyson is disqualified in the 3rd round for biting a piece from Holyfield's ear.
Today's Featured Birthday
Actor/director Mel Brooks (85)
Daily Quote
"This nation will remain the land of the free only so long as it is the home of the brave." - Elmer Davis


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Don't wash your hands of your washing machine until you read this.
You never fully appreciate your washing machine until it breaks down. The challenge is knowing how to fix it — fast. Some washer problems, like washing machine odor, you can solve on your own. Other issues, like a washer that won't spin sometimes, require a repairman. And some problems suggest that it may be time to buy a new washer. Here's how to tell whether you can fix the washing machine yourself, or if it's time for a repairman or upgrade:
Whether you need a washer repair or a full replacement, Sears can help. We have the washing machine parts you need to help you tackle projects at home, as well as an appliance repair team that will fix your problem — no matter where you bought your washer. And if your washer is beyond repair, ask your technician about discounts on your replacement washer purchase.
(Text Version of Infographic)
Washing Machine: Repair or Replace? Common washer problems, and whether the solution is a DIY project, a job for a repairman, or time for an upgrade.
Won't Start If a washer won't begin its cycle or isn't spinning properly, you might have simply overloaded it or failed to shut the door completely. Try taking a few items out to balance the load and reclosing the door firmly, then starting it again.
Bad Smell Washing machines collect mold and mildew that can transfer odors to your clothes. To get rid of the stink, wipe out the door seals, and soap and fabric softener seals. Then run a cycle on hot with bleach or a commercial washing machine cleaner.
Clogged Drain Hose When the machine won't drain, turn off the water. Feeling ambitions? Detach the drain hose and clean out any blockages. If you find water in the drainpipe, run a snake or straitened hanger carefully down the pipe to unclog it and then reattach. Consult owner's manual for further instructions.
Leaky Hoses A puddle on the floor could mean a leaky hose. First make sure all the connections are snug. If the leak continues from the coupling or drain pump, call a repairman to evaluate the problem.
Low Flow This could be caused by a clogged filter or a kink in the supply hose, which can be fixed by adjusting the machine so the hose is straight. If problems continue, it could mean a malfunctioning water control unit or inlet value, both of which are better fixed by a technician.
Won't Spin This could be a problem with the lid switch, motor coupling, drive belt, or other mechanics – all of which require dismantling part of the machine and can be costly to repair. Consult with an expert but be ready to start shopping.
Leaks If the washer itself leaks, it could mean the tub seal or bearing kit is in trouble. It might be time to take the plunge with a new machine.
Overflowing This likely indicates that the pressure switch or water inlet valve needs to be replaced. And that could get expensive, so start dreaming of a new appliance.


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NRA Vs. Giffords And Husband At Gun HearingPlay
In a dramatic appeal, wounded former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords urged Congress on Wednesday to enact tougher curbs on guns, saying, "too many children are dying" without them.
"The time is now. You must act. Be bold, be courageous, Americans are counting on you," she told the Senate Judiciary Committee at Congress' first gun control hearing since 20 elementary school children were shot to death in Newtown, Conn., late last year.
Giffords was not on the list of witnesses released in advance of the hearings, and in an unusual show of respect, members of the committee greeted her warmly outside the hearing room as she and her husband, former astronaut and retired Navy Capt. Mark Kelly, made their way inside. The former Democratic congresswoman was grievously wounded in an assassination attempt in Tucson, Ariz., a little more than two years ago, and has become a public advocate for gun control.
In the aftermath of the Newtown, Conn., massacre, President Barack Obama has issued a call for gun control legislation.
California Sen. Dianne Feinstein, a Democrat and member of the committee, has introduced a bill to ban numerous assault-style weapons as well as high-capacity ammunition magazines.
The prospects for Senate passage are not strong, in part because of opposition from the NRA and in part from a reluctance among rural-state Democrats to support limitations on firearms.
Republicans pledged to listen carefully, and no more.
Sen. Orrin Hatch, R-Utah, said Tuesday that reviewing the issue was timely.
"But I'm a strong supporter of the Second Amendment," he said citing the constitutional provision that guarantees the right to bear arms, "and I don't intend to change."
Giffords' appearance - not only her words, but her obvious difficulty in speaking - served to underscore the emotion surrounding the issue of gun curbs. "Speech is a distant memory" for his wife, Kelly said in remarks of his own after his wife had completed her brief plea for action.
The gunman in Tucson, Jared Loughner, used a 9 mm Glock pistol with an extended ammunition magazine in the attack that wounded the former congresswoman and killed six. The handgun would not have been illegal under a federal assault weapons ban that lapsed more than seven years ago, but the magazine that held more than 30 bullets would have been prohibited.
The chairman of the panel, Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., said it is "a simple matter of common sense" that there should be a strengthening of background checks and that doing so would not threaten gun owners' rights. The checks are currently required for gun purchases from licensed dealers but not at gun shows or other private transaction.
At the same time, he said the Constitution's second amendment "is secure and will remain secure and protection....No one can or will take those rights or our guns away," he said.
He added, "let us forego sloganeering, demagoguery and partisan recriminations. This is too important for that."
Sen. Charles Grassley of Iowa, the panel's senior Republican, said that while the shootings in Arizona and Connecticut were terrible tragedies, they "should not be used to put forward every gun control measure that has been floating around for years.."
He also said any serious discussion of the issue `must include a complete re-examination of mental health as it related to mass shootings."
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., indicated that whatever the committee produced wouldn't necessarily be the final product, saying the package would be debated by the full Senate and senators would be allowed to propose "whatever amendments they want that deal with this issue."
Despite the horrific Newtown slayings, it remains unclear whether those advocating limits on gun availability will be able to overcome resistance by the NRA and lawmakers from states where gun ownership abounds. Question marks include not just many Republicans but also Democratic senators facing re-election in red-leaning states in 2014. They include Max Baucus of Montana, Mark Begich of Alaska and Mark Pryor of Arkansas.
Knowing that television cameras would beam images of the hearing nationally, both sides were drumming up supporters to attend Wednesday's session.
A page on an NRA-related website urged backers to arrive two hours early to get seats, bring no signs and dress appropriately. The liberal BoldProgressives.org urged its members to attend, saying the NRA "will try to pack the room with their supporters to deceive Congress into believing they are mainstream."
Earlier this month, President Barack Obama proposed a package that includes banning assault weapons, requiring background checks on all firearms purchases and limiting ammunition magazines to 10 rounds.
Giffords underwent a lengthy rehabilitation process and has regained some ability to speak, but has retired from Congress. A gun owner, she and her husband Mark Kelly, a retired astronaut, have formed a political action committee called Americans for Responsible Solutions to back lawmakers who support tighter gun restrictions.
In testimony prepared for the hearing but released Tuesday, Wayne LaPierre, NRA executive vice president, said such steps had failed in the past. He instead voiced support for better enforcement of existing laws, beefing up school security and strengthening the government's ability to keep guns from mentally unstable people.
The massacre in Newtown has also set off a national discussion about mental health care, with everyone from law enforcement leaders to the gun industry urging policymakers to focus on the issue as a way to help prevent similar mass shootings. The issue of mental health has arisen in four recent mass shootings, including Sandy Hook, the Tucson shooting, the incident in an Aurora, Colo., movie theater last year and Virginia Tech in 2007.
"Law-abiding gun owners will not accept blame for the acts of violent or deranged criminals," LaPierre said in his statement. "Nor do we believe the government should dictate what we can lawfully own and use to protect our families."
While not yielding on specifics, much of LaPierre's statement had a milder tone than other remarks the NRA has made since Newtown.
That includes an NRA television ad calling Obama an "elitist hypocrite" for voicing doubts about having armed school guards while his own children are protected that way at their school. While Obama's children have Secret Service protection, officials at their school have said its own guards don't carry guns.
Feinstein said Tuesday that she will hold her own hearing on gun control because she was unhappy that three of the five witnesses testifying Wednesday are "skewed against us."
Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said Tuesday he would wait to see what legislation Democrats produce. Republican leaders of the GOP-run House have expressed similar sentiments.
- Kevin Cirilli, reporter for Politico. He tweets @kevcirilli.
This segment aired on January 30, 2013.


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Yesterday I visited the Yeshiva University Museum and was given a tour of the current exhibits by Assistant Curator Zachary Paul Levine. The Museum is housed at the Center for Jewish History (15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011).
CJH (an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution) is home to five institutions: American Jewish History Society, American Sephardi Federation, Leo Baeck Institute, Yeshiva University Museum and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, all five present interesting exhibits and programs of interest to every Jew, all five boast impressive collections of historical, artistic and cultural items.
Three exhibits are, at present, running concurrently at the Yeshiva University Museum; these are: Jews on Vinyl (July 24, 2011 – January 8, 2012), Prophecy of Place: Quintan Ana Wikswo (August 14, 2011 – January 22, 2012) and Graphic Details: Confessional Comics by Jewish Women (September 25, 2011 – April 15, 2012).
Jews on Vinyl brought back many memories and some nice surprises as I listened to some of my long forgotten favorites of the '60s, '70s and '80s and was pleasantly surprised and touched by some non Jews singing Kol Nidre, Eli Eli or Mein Yiddische Mamme. Yes, folks, you can listen to some highlights of the LP collection, they will delight you, they will surprise you, they will touch you and even make you want to dance!
I was touched by this very different photo exhibit. As the press release says:
Wikswo uses damaged and salvaged antique military cameras and battlefield typewriters to explore the startling ecological beauty that obscures "traumatized" sites of crimes against humanity, and to uncover the intergenerational legacies surrounding them. These fiercely mysterious images and starkly graceful prose poems create a powerful encounter with violence and beauty revealed through a fractured, unsettling lens.
Created between 2008-2011 in Portugal, Spain, France, Germany, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Finland and Russia, Prophecy of Place presents kaleidoscopic portraits of the astonishing and often invisible histories hidden at the heart of communities where Jews encountered exile, shelter and trauma.
Traversing 10 centuries, eight countries and five languages, the exhibition is a deeply immersive engagement with the legacy of Jewish survival and the struggle with other cultures through luminous, prismatic, multi-part contemporary photographs of villages, cities, shtetls and camps – sites where Jews have faced devastating attacks or attempts at cultural annihilation.
Some images make it hard to imagine the horrors Jews in these places once experienced, yet the poetry, subtly, makes it clear. Without minimizing the evil, Quintan Ana Wikswo's words give hope while making us aware of the terror. She gives a voice to all the nameless Jews tortured and murdered, whose cries can never be heard, whose names have long been forgotten. As I looked at these unsettling images, as I read some of her accompanying prose poems, every unheeded cry somehow pierced my heart, every tear seared it. But… you will not see any image depicting the pain, the brutality, the fear, the death…
Well worth a visit, gentle reader!


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Wendy Rose joins me this week for a proper appearance on the podcast. After chatting with her at Roche's Social Media Summit, I knew I had to get her on so she could tell her story. Prepare for talk about her life as a registered nurse, why being a nurse may not have been the best thing when her daughter was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, the value of the diabetes blogs through the eyes of a mother, and the next generation of the diabetes online community. Enjoy.
Follow Wendy on Twitter at @MrsCandyHearts and check out her blog at http://candyheartsblog.com/.
Run Time – 46:57
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Little Sprouts Story Time
Wednesday, August 23 @ 10:30 am - 11:30 am
|Recurring Event (See all)
An event every week that begins at 10:30 am on Wednesday, repeating indefinitely
Children enjoy stories, songs, finger plays and puppet shows that develop early literacy skills and promote interaction between parents and children. Ages 5 and under.
This program is also held on Tuesdays at 10:30 a.m.


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Hot Online: 'Duck Dynasty' star speaks out
Staff Writer
The Holland Sentinel
Something to talk about
The "Duck Dynasty" star has broken his silence since his homophobic and racially charged remarks during an interview were printed in the January issue of GQ. According to news reports, Phil Robertson shared during a Bible study group on Sunday, "I will not ... back off from my path." He has been suspended indefinitely from his A&E show.
Trending on Twitter
#PeopleWhoMadeMyYearGood is trending on Twitter. Share your shoutouts to your favorite people on the social media site.
Hot video: Behind the fashion style of 'American Hustle'
Go behind the scenes to learn about the fashions of new movie "American Hustle."
More Content Now


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Get Rewarded!
Best Rewards is a FREE customer loyalty program that rewards YOU for making purchases at our store. Think of it as our way of saying thanks to those who have become part of our local, independently owned hardware store family.
You pay nothing to join the Best Rewards program, but you receive tons of benefits. Your membership card becomes the ultimate pocket tool to help you get the right products for your next project.
Points You Can Spend Like Cash!
You'll earn points on every purchase you make, and those points turn into rewards and discounts mailed directly to your home. Redeem the rewards during your next store visit, and you'll be on your way to getting your project completed!
You'll also have access to special coupons and additional promotions throughout the store, exclusively for Best Rewards members.
Track Your Points Anywhere!
Once you're a member, you will have access to your Best Rewards progress by visiting customerbestrewards.com. While you can't earn Best Rewards points for online purchases, you can still track your purchases, points, and rewards. Even better, it can all be done from your mobile phone or computer.
Visit Southside Lumber Today!
You can join the program by filling out our quick and easy application during your next visit to Southside Lumber. Just ask one of associates, and they'll get you started earning points on every purchase you make in the store.


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What to Watch: Levine and Samberg team up on 'SNL'
Hot video: Andy Samberg and Adam Levine team up for "YOLO" video on "SNL"
Trending topic
Chris Brown is being investigated for possible assault after a fight with singer Frank Ocean in the parking lot of a recording studio both men use, Yahoo reports. The L.A. Sheriff's Department confirms Brown is being investigated but has not released any information on who the victim is. However, Ocean claimed on Twitter that he was injured by Brown, claiming his finger was cut during the incident.
Brown is still on probation after he pled guilty to felony assault of then-girlfriend Rihanna after the 2009 Grammy awards show. If convicted of assault again, Brown could be considered in violation of his probation. He was chastised by a judge in November 2012 for failing a mandatory drug test.
On TV
In the Season 2 premiere of "Dallas," pretty much everyone is fighting for control of Ewing Energies. Alliances are formed, people are betrayed, and everyone is mostly just looking out for themselves in typical "Dallas" fashion. TNT, 10 p.m. EST.
GateHouse News Service


text: Higher EdAre math skills genetic? | Technically Incorrect – CNET News via news.cnet.com Share this:Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)Like this:Like Loading... Related Published by Dr. Donna Murdoch Adult Learners. Lifelong Learning and Relevancy. Opinions are my own. View all posts by Dr. Donna Murdoch


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Science Fiction
January 23, 1964 issue
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Read the latest issue as soon as it's available, and browse our rich archives. You'll have immediate subscriber-only access to over 1,200 issues and 25,000 articles published since 1963.Subscribe now
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Business update: GM recalling Camaros for ignition switch problem
DETROIT — Ignition switches once again are causing problems for General Motors.
This time the company is recalling nearly 512,000 Chevrolet Camaro muscle cars from the 2010 to 2014 model years because a driver's knee can bump the key and knock the switch out of the "run" position, causing an engine stall.
That disables the power steering and brakes and could cause drivers to lose control.
GM said Friday that it knows of three crashes and four minor injuries from the problem. A spokesman said the air bags did not go off in the crashes, but GM hasn't determined if the non-deployment was caused by the switches.
GM said the Camaro switches met its specifications — unlike those at the center of a recall of 2.6 million small cars. That problem has caused more than 50 crashes and at least 13 deaths.
The Camaro switches are completely different from those in the small cars with ignition switch problems. The Camaro switches, he said, were designed by a different person, and meet GM standards for the amount of force needed to turn the cars on and off.
Currently the Camaro key is integrated like a switchblade into the Fob, which contains the buttons that let people electronically lock doors and open the trunk. GM will replace the switchblade key with a standard one, and a separate Fob attached by a ring so it will dangle from the key. Adler said with the change, if the driver's knee hits the Fob, it doesn't come in contact with the key.
"You can hit the key Fob all day long and it's not going to have any impact on the ignition," he said.
The problem was discovered during internal testing of ignition switches after the company recalled the switches in small cars such as the Chevrolet Cobalt and Saturn Ion earlier this year, GM said. Adler said the Camaro ignition problem was the only one found in testing of all GM models.
GM knew for more than a decade that the small-car switches were faulty, yet didn't recall them until early this year. The problem has brought federal investigations, lawsuits and a $35 million fine from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
GM also announced three other recalls on Friday, bringing the total number of vehicles recalled by the company to about 14.4 million in the U.S. and 16.5 million in North America. Earlier this year GM passed its old U.S. full-year recall record of 10.75 million vehicles set in 2004.


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Dark Web Link
Bloodystealer: The New Advanced Stealer That Attacks Gaming Platforms
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Dark Web Link is a promulgation focused on providing the latest updates about the TOR browser, hidden darknet markets and all sorts of facts and information regarding the dark web sites, deep web sites, cybersecurity, cryptocurrencies, and tutorials. We strive to offer you upgraded reports, reviews, and fascinating dark web news that are most relevant in all aspects.
© Dark web Link - 2021


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Black Casablanca
This variant is currently sold out.
Product Description
Removable, Repositionable Peel and Stick Wallpaper
Choose between 4 Textures:Smooth Matte: Smooth with a semi matte finish. 3-ply material that is made of a thin layer of fabric sandwiched between two layers of vinyl to make it extra durable.
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Pattern Repeat: 24 inches
Shipping and Processing: Processing takes 3-5 business days. Shipping is via USPS and can take 3-5 days for domestic orders and 7-10 days for international orders. Express shipping and insurance options are available. Please contact us for more details
Please Click on FAQ prior to purchasingPlease Note: Our peel and stick wallpaper is not eligible for returns due to the unique printing process and because it is a Made To Order item. Exchanges are available if we are contacted within 7 days of receipt of item. Please read FAQ section for more details. (Also be sure to double check your measurements before placing a full order of wallpaper.)