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Today's News: Our Take - The Voice Team on Adding Usher and Shakira: "The Show Is Greater Than Any One Coach"
More than its big red chairs or its talented contestants, The Voice has become known for its dynamic team of coaches. So, what happens when you mess with that chemistry? That's the question facing Season 4 of the hit NBC singing competition as it premieres on Monday at 8/7c. Gone are Cee Lo Green's hilarious pet sidekicks (KIT Purrfect) and Christina Aguilera's colorful wardrobe. In their places are R&B hitmaker Usher and international songstress Shakira, who will work alongside - and compete against - returning favorites Adam Levine and Blake Shelton.
The addition of not one, but two new coaches is The Voice's biggest change since its April 2011 debut. "The playbook says you don't make cast changes," NBC's president of alternative and late night programming, Paul Telegdy, says. However, it became apparent that show would need to add new blood when the network ordered two seasons for the current 2012-2013 TV schedule. The hope, Telegdy says, was to "have some variety and to extend the family of who's a coach on The Voice so that we can avoid the kind of problems that arise out of cast changes on the shows."
Returning spring shows: Where we left off
Telegdy is referring to American Idol, which added three new judges this season after the much-publicized exits of Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler (who themselves joined only two seasons earlier). Additionally, The X Factor just lost coaches Britney Spears and L.A. Reid after firing Paula Abdul and Nicole Scherzinger at the end Season 1. "Very quickly, the story is not a creative one, it's just, 'Oh they had to make changes because J. Lo wouldn't sign a deal,' and we wanted to sort of avoid being cornered in that way," Telegdy says. Hence the announcement in September that Green and Aguilera would sit out Season 4 to focus on their respective careers, and that Usher and Shakira would keep their seats warm.
Usher was a strong candidate from the start, thanks particularly to his mentoring of Bieber. "The new business model in music is almost what Usher did with Bieber," host and executive producer Carson Daly says. "When the record companies all consolidated ... it became about artists helping other artists out, discovering and developing. There's a little bit of that model that we take a page from. So Usher was an obvious choice."
While Usher is already well-known to viewers thanks to his two decade-long career, Shakira is more of a fresh face - something that Daly predicts will work in her favor. "I do think it reminds me of Blake Season 1. Everybody knew he was a country guy, but nobody really knew him. He's had the biggest bounce of everybody," he says. "I think Shakira, this TV season, will be that girl crush. Once she's on TV for a few episodes and people start to feel out her vibe, I think they're going to get it. She does do a lot more than shake her hips."
The Voice Season 4 sneak peek: Watch the new coaches in action!
Behind the scenes, the producers are excited to show new sides of both Shakira and Usher. "You only really know them so far from music videos, performing on stage and maybe a couple of interviews," executive producer Mark Burnett says. Adds Telegdy: "The great thing about a show like this is you can't really hide the reality of who people are. Their character comes through."
Daly admits he was hesitant about the panel switcheroo, but he says it didn't take long for the new coaches to show their true colors. "[Usher] pulls the [Justin] Bieber card, and when he pulls the Bieber card, you know he's really fighting. Then when Shakira reminds everyone that she's a pregnant Colombian, that's her Bieber card," he says. "It just took a little while, but it was great."
However, the question remains whether The Voice can turn any of its contestants into stars the way it has with its coaches? The show has spawned a No. 1 single ("Moves Like Jagger" by Levine's group Maroon 5 featuring Aguilera) and made Shelton into a household name, but has failed to produce any chart-topping talent the way Idol has with Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood and, most recently, Phillip Phillips. "Do we need, or would we like, to have our moment - our artist that really breaks out? Of course," Daly says. "Will it be vital probably to the ultimate longevity of the show in its macro run? Probably. Maybe not. The show is also endlessly entertaining as is."
The Voicesneak peek: Usher reveals his coaching strategy!
Given that The Voice was already renewed for a fifth season back in September, the question now becomes which of the six judges will report back for duty. Will Aguilera and Green definitely return? Can they be paired with newbies Usher and Shakira, instead of Levine and Shelton? Burnett, for one, isn't worried. "It's not a producing thing, it's a schedule thing. Any four of the six would be great," he says.
Although much of the focus going into Season 4 has been the new talent behind the chairs, executive producers still put the singing hopefuls first and hope viewers do the same. "This is about the contestants," Daly says. "The show is greater than any one coach."
The Voice premieres on Monday at 8/7c on NBC. Are you excited for the new coaches?
View original The Voice Team on Adding Usher and Shakira: "The Show Is Greater Than Any One Coach" at TVGuide.com
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You searched for: Corporate Names United States. Congress. Pepper Commission Remove constraint Corporate Names: United States. Congress. Pepper Commission Date 2014 Remove constraint Date: 2014 Genre memorandums Remove constraint Genre: memorandums Personal Names Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937- Remove constraint Personal Names: Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937- Topical Names Medicare Remove constraint Topical Names: Medicare
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1. Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments 99th-113th Congress Memorandum
Media Type: Legacy Memos


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John Bachar Remembered by Doug Robinson
Climbing pioneer Doug Robinson reflects on the death of John Bachar
So this climber pulls into a gas station. Tuolumne, 1987. A cut, blond surfer kind of a guy is filling his 4×4 over there. Running shorts, track singlet. Knee socks with bold soccer stripes—is this cool or goofball? He looks strong and self- … Wait, that's John Bachar!
Another dude rolls over, throwing his best insolent strut, but when he comes face-to-face with Bachar all he can croak out is, "How can you solo all that crazy stuff?"
John meets his gaze, level and cool: "You're soloing right now."
I wasn't even part of the conversation, but it has stuck with me.
This afternoon, for instance, balancing on a redwood log across a ravine. Classic third class, the moves aren't bad but below is a 20-foot drop into a leg-breaking tangle of trunks. That's barely beyond bouldering on John's soloing scale, yet his goofball-obvious, zen-quick, tossed-off line flashed into my mind. If conversation were chess, that was a knight's move.
To see him in action was a treat. A couple of years before the gas-station encounter, in Joshua Tree, he swung onto the Gunsmoke Traverse (V3) before there was such a thing. It runs horizontally a hundred feet or more and the moves often overhang. John had finished his soloing circuit for the day, including a beyond-highball ascent of Leave It to Beaver (5.12a) and Gunsmoke was just finishing it off with a workout.
After a couple of laps, his well-oiled, seemingly effortless moves lulled me into thinking it was easy. He even climbed over a guy going the other way. I struggled maybe halfway along the traverse in his wake before I couldn't hold on any longer. John did six laps.
Leave It to Beaver had looked not only casual but nearly effortless, his footwork precise with an almost ballet-like lightness. He paused way up there, nothing but an open-palm sloper holding him to the overhanging wall, and chalked up. Looking closer, you could clearly see that this was not dance. There is a slight pause over each hold, affirming his grip. Positive press on the rubber, and each handhold locked on. John was building up his ascent with great care.
He had done it the day before, and probably would again the next. There was a quality of performance in repeating it, but not so much because of audience as for the sake of practice. In his essays John Gill has compared climbing to a gymnastic routine, an ideal of movement, repeated for its own sake even to an empty gym. During other stretches of Bachar's life that routine played out in the Valley, Tuolumne, the Owens River Gorge. You might get lucky and stumble on a performance.
I once saw his foot, not yet weighted, skate off a slick Tuolumne knob. His body hung with certainty over the remaining holds as he pulled the leg back, unfazed.
Good? Well, I guess! How good was he? Comparisons feel clumsy, but I'm driven to try. Coming out of the Valley in the 1960s, several generations before John as climbing goes, it was hard for me to tell. I had held the rope for the likes of Chuck Pratt, and struggled up his pitches. Going into the 1970s, Jim Bridwell's climbs still felt within reach, maybe, by training hard. But the Stonemasters left us in the dust. And by the end of the 1970s Ron Kauk and Bachar were way out in front of the rest. They were pumping irrational numbers, and John was often unroped. The stuff they climbed had fully broken contact with my ability to understand it. As Royal Robbins once said about John Gill, "I could grasp the holds but not the problem."
Bachar was very careful. Far from the abandon of, say, a balls-out Yabo or the desperation of many a guy's breakup solos, John thoroughly worked it. That was a little hard to see against the backdrop of a Stonemaster culture that was so Californian in projecting casual, offhanded, ain't-no-big-thing. He could be crazy, sure, like the story of riding a skateboard down the centerline of a Valley tunnel, playing his sax. But his approach to soloing had a huge conservative streak.
Maybe careful is an odd quality to attribute to a soloist, but John took training and preparation to new levels, even to the point of wrecking his elbow tendons on the Bachar Ladder. Some of what we know now about how not to overtrain comes from John's eagerness for preparation, probing the outer limits of fitness. When he took off the rope, he was way ready.
Even when he put on a rope to walk among the rest of us, legends were born. Like the Bachar-Yerian. Yet there was a lot of care in that innovation too. When he began flirting with the idea of placing bolts on lead on walls so steep he'd need to hang from a hook, John practiced for a week drilling from hook placements to be sure he could work it. That part wasn't so obvious when you just caught a photo of him poised up there, locked onto shockingly steep tiny knobs.
Maybe one thing that attracted him to blowing crazy sax was the chance to step out more freely, to let it all go into spontaneous improv. The lure of jazz was so strong he even tried to turn his back on climbing. "I gave it 20 good years," he said once. Of course that didn't last. From then on he juggled both lovers.
His shoe designs were as innovative as his climbing; you could see how much thought went into how best to make feet work on rock. It's a revolutionary idea, but you really can climb better when your feet are comfortable. And John's ability to hop lightly out of the rut of tradition is what got him into the shoe game in the first place. His willingness to simply try some guy's strange Spanish shoes one day in Camp 4 ended up bringing us all the gift of gomme cocida, sticky rubber. That moment has always been one of my favorite examples of the potent innocence of the beginner's mind.
I go back to my notes from that 1985 day in Joshua Tree. "Surfer-blond with a nearly shy smile, he jumped out of a new 4×4 riding a jazz riff from the Last Poets." That smile holds a key. He was shy underneath it all, especially at first, an L.A. surfer boy washed inland, gone vertical onto waves of stone. There he found his true vocation, and it began slowly to erase the shyness. A touch of arrogance showed before it was fully gone.
John's son, Tyrus, performed two minutes of silence to transfix the memorial, then said, "He was 27 percent badass." But like any teenager he underestimated the old man just a tad.
And you know, beneath it all John was just flat cool.
John loved to climb. Whatever the mysterious joy really is, he squeezed more out of it. More mileage, more laps, more moments of rapt attention, leading to the state of flow. Holding open the sustain key of those moments got him into that zone where moves become effortless and the climbing seems to happen by itself-—that's the real deal. That's the gift John gave himself, damn near every day. It's easy to call that selfish, and he seemed to have no illusions about the absolute nature of soloing. But in the always questionable way that climbing builds character, we could see him transforming. Less arrogant. More going out of his way to turn his attention and kindness onto strangers, geeks and nOObs. One of the best things to arise since his death is the countless small tales of his pausing to give full focus to the query of a stranger. Gone in those moments was the guy on the cover of Life magazine, out there alone in the stratosphere of his achievement. Lately, approaching him sincerely seemed to be the only gateway to John's kind attention.
That transformation was the gift to the world that flowed out of John's gift to himself. It was coming into full flower. For us still here in the world, his budding gift was cut short.
Also Read
John Bachar: What I've Learned
John Bachar Remembered by Duane Raleigh
John Bachar Remembered by Henry Barber


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Chaz Bono Is "Tutoring" Cher for Her Dancing with the Stars Appearance
Who knew that Cher could still get stage fright?
The iconic singer said she's "worried" about her guest appearance on Dancing with the Stars Monday, and she's been getting pointers from her son, DWTS alum Chaz Bono, ABC News reports.
Dancing's Bill Engvall: I'm "nervous" to meet Cher
"He's coming tonight to give me tips!" Cher said on a conference call last week, according to ABC. "He said, 'Mom, you don't understand how seriously people take this. I'm coming over tonight and ... I'm going to tutor you.' Obviously, I'm going to need all the help I can get."
Cher will act as a guest judge on Monday's episode and will also perform. She's more nervous about the former part, however, and said she plans to have a "cramming" session with Chaz ahead of time.
Bubble Shows: Which will survive?
"I have no idea what I'm doing," she admitted, according to ABC. "I don't know how you judge it. ... I was there when Chaz was doing it and saw how difficult it was. I just don't want to miss some fabulous thing that someone is doing ... that would be a big deal, and I wouldn't even know it."
Added Cher: "I just don't want to be responsible for someone getting a different mark than a professional would give them," she said.
Do you think Cher will make a good guest judge?
Dancing with the Stars airs Mondays at 8/7c on ABC.
View original Chaz Bono Is "Tutoring" Cher for Her Dancing with the Stars Appearance at TVGuide.com
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Mangabey Group
The Taï National Park is home to another terrestrial primate species, the Sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys). Sooty mangabeys also life in large multi-male mulit-female groups. In comparison to chimpanzees, however, females are the philopatric sex while males migrate to other groups. Mangabeys, therefore, follow the typical old world primate structure being organised in matrilines.
Since November 2012, we observe a group of managbeys sharing part of the homerange of the North group, ranging mainly around the Barrage. The mangabey group of TCP consists of about 60 individuals (including 18 adult and 12 subadult females, 8 adult and 19 subadult males, and 4 babies born during the season 2013).


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Hi there! I'm Lee from Freshly Pieced, and I'm so excited to be showing you my first Moda Bake Shop project, using one of my current favorite fabric lines, Terrain by Kate Spain.
1 jelly roll of Terrain by Kate Spain
2 yards of a contrasting solid for background
3/4 yard for binding
3 1/2 yards for back
Select 36 strips from the jelly roll. From each jelly roll strip, cut the following:
4 – 2.5″ squares
4 – 1.5″ squares
4 – 2.5″ x 5.5″ rectangles
Cut your solid background fabric into 2.5″ strips. Cut on the lengthwise grain (parallel to the selvage) so that you get longer strips (this will come in handy when you make the borders). Now sub-cut the following:
144 – 2.5″ squares
144 – 2.5″ x 3.5″ rectangles
On the back of your solid 2.5″ squares and print 1.5″ squares, use a pencil to draw a diagonal line from corner to corner.
Match up each of your solid squares with a 2.5″ x 5.5″ rectangle, as shown above, with right sides facing (so the marked diagonal line is facing out). Make sure that the diagonal line is slanting in one direction for half of the squares, and in the other direction for the other half, as shown above. I found it helpful to layout all four rectangles from each print/strip, as I did above, to ensure I was doing half in each direction.
Sew directly onto the marked diagonal line, and trim, as shown.
Now match up each 1.5″ print square with a solid 2.5″ x 3.5″ rectangle. Again, right sides should be facing, with the marked diagonal facing out. Again, make sure that the marked diagonal slants in one direction for half of the squares, the other direction for the other half, lining up the squares so that the diagonal slants across an outer corner.
Sew on the marked line, trim, and press open.
Now match up a print 2.5″ square with each of your shorter pieced units, as shown. Sew together, with the 2.5″ square always on the end with the pieced corner.
Match up each of those units with one of the 5.5″ rectangle units you pieced earlier, matching the prints so that each unit contains only one print. The bias (angled) seams should always run parallel to each other, as shown above. You should now have a 5.5″ x 4.5″ unit that will make up one quarter of a completed oval.
Arrange your quarter-oval units into 12 rows of 12, mixing up the colors/prints so that they are randomly placed throughout. Sew the units together, first into groups of four to make completed oval blocks. Then sew those blocks together. I arranged mine so that there are half-ovals around all the edges, but you could also arrange it so that all of the ovals are complete and unbroken.
To Make the Borders:
For the inner solid border, use your remaining solid 2.5″ strips. Cut two strips 60.5″ long and two strips 52.5″ long. Sew the strips to the edges of quilt, starting with the long sides.
For the outer pieced border, cut 1.5″ x 2.5″ strips from your remaining jelly roll scraps and strips. You will need (116) 1.5″ x 2.5″ pieces to complete the border.
Join the 1.5″ x 2.5″ pieces short-end to short-end to create two strips 64.5″ long and two strips 54.5″ long (these strips may need to be trimmed down to size just a bit). Join these to the quilt as the final, pieced border.
Finish your quilt by quilting and binding as desired.
One fun, colorful quilt measuring about 52″ by 63″—enjoy!
Lee Heinrich
{Freshly Pieced}


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Oprah says Armstrong interview 'intense'
AUSTIN, Texas - "Emotional" doesn't come close to describing Lance Armstrong's conversation with Oprah Winfrey - an interview that included his confession about using performance-enhancing drugs to win seven Tour de France titles, Winfrey said Tuesday.
She recounted her session with Armstrong on "CBS This Morning" and promoted what has become a two-part special on her OWN network, even while international doping officials said it wouldn't be enough to save the disgraced cyclist's career.
"I don't think 'emotional' begins to describe the intensity or the difficulty he experienced in talking about some of these things," Winfrey said.
Armstrong admitted during the interview at an Austin hotel that he used drugs to help him win the titles.
"It was surprising to me," she said. "I would say that for myself, my team, all of us in the room, we were mesmerized and riveted by some of his answers."
Winfrey said she went right at Armstrong with tough questions and, during a break, he asked if they would lighten up at some point. Still, Winfrey said she did not have to dig and that he was "pretty forthcoming."
"I felt that he was thoughtful. I thought that he was serious," she said. "I thought that he certainly had prepared for this moment. I would say that he met the moment."
The session was to be broadcast in a single special Thursday but Winfrey said it will now run in two parts on consecutive nights - Thursday and Friday - because there is so much material. Winfrey would not characterize whether Armstrong seemed contrite, saying she'll leave that to viewers.
As stunning as Armstrong's confession was for someone who relentlessly denied using PEDs, the World Anti-Doping Agency said he must confess under oath if he wants to reduce his lifetime ban from sports.
The cyclist was stripped of his Tour titles, lost most of his endorsements and was forced to leave his cancer charity, Livestrong, last year after the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency issued a 1,000-page report that accused him of masterminding a long-running doping scheme.
WADA's statement said: "Only when Mr. Armstrong makes a full confession under oath - and tells the anti-doping authorities all he knows about doping activities - can any legal and proper process for him to seek any reopening or reconsideration of his lifetime ban commence."
The International Cycling Union, or UCI, also issued a statement, urging Armstrong to tell his story to an independent commission it has set up to examine claims that cycling's governing body hid suspicious samples from the cyclist, accepted financial donations from him and helped him avoid detection in doping tests.
Before the Winfrey interview, Armstrong visited the headquarters of Livestrong, the charity he founded in 1997 and turned into a global force on the strength of his athletic dominance and personal story of surviving testicular cancer that had spread to his lungs and brain.
"I'm sorry," Armstrong told about 100 staff members gathered in a conference. He choked up during the 20-minute talk, expressed regret for the long-running controversy tied to performance-enhancers, but stopped short of admitting he used them.
"Heartfelt and sincere," is how Livestrong spokeswoman Katherine McLane described his speech.
Winfrey has promoted her interview, one of the biggest for OWN since she launched the network in 2011, as a "no-holds barred" session and said she was ready to go with 112 questions. Not all of them were asked, she said, but many were.
USADA chief executive Travis Tygart, a longtime critic of Armstrong's, called the drug regimen practiced while Armstrong led the U.S. Postal Service team "the most sophisticated, professionalized and successful doping program that sport has ever seen." USADA did not respond to requests for comment about Armstrong's confession.
Armstrong often went after his critics during his long reign as cycling champion. He scolded some in public and didn't hesitate to punish outspoken riders during the race itself. He waged legal battles against still others in court.
At least one of his opponents, the London-based Sunday Times, has already filed a lawsuit to recover about $500,000 it paid him to settle a libel case, and Dallas-based SCA Promotions, which tried to deny Armstrong a promised bonus for a Tour de France win, has threatened to bring another lawsuit seeking to recover more than $7.5 million awarded by an arbitration panel.
In Australia, the government of South Australia state said it will seek the repayment of several million dollars in appearance fees paid to Armstrong for competing in the Tour Down Under in 2009, 2010 and 2011.
"We'd be more than happy for Mr. Armstrong to make any repayment of monies to us," South Australia Premier Jay Weatherill said.
Betsy Andreu, the wife of former Armstrong teammate Frankie Andreu, was one of the first to publicly accuse Armstrong of using performance-enhancing drugs. She called news of Armstrong's confession "very emotional and very sad," and choked up when asked to comment.
"He used to be one of my husband's best friends and because he wouldn't go along with the doping, he got kicked to the side," she said. "Lance could have a positive impact if he tells the truth on everything. He's got to be completely honest."
Betsy Andreu testified in SCA's arbitration case challenging the bonus in 2005, saying Armstrong admitted in an Indiana hospital room in 1996 that he had taken many performance-enhancing drugs, a claim Armstrong vehemently denied.
"It would be nice if he would come out and say the hospital room happened," Andreu said. "That's where it all started."
Former teammate Floyd Landis, who was stripped of the 2006 Tour de France title for doping, has filed a federal whistle-blower lawsuit that accused Armstrong of defrauding the U.S. Postal Service. An attorney familiar with Armstrong's legal problems told the AP that the Justice Department is highly likely to join the lawsuit. The False Claims Act lawsuit could result in Armstrong paying a substantial amount of money to the U.S. government. The deadline for the department to join the case is Thursday, though the department could seek an extension if necessary.
According to the attorney, who works outside the government, the lawsuit alleges that Armstrong defrauded the U.S. government based on his years of denying use of performance-enhancing drugs. The attorney spoke on condition of anonymity because the source was not authorized to speak on the record about the matter.
The lawsuit most likely to be influenced by a confession might be the Sunday Times case. Potential perjury charges stemming from Armstrong's sworn testimony in the 2005 arbitration fight would not apply because of the statute of limitations. Armstrong was not deposed during the federal investigation that was closed last year.
Armstrong is said to be worth around $100 million. But most sponsors dropped him after USADA's scathing report - at the cost of tens of millions of dollars - and soon after, he left the board of Livestrong.
After the USADA findings, he was also barred from competing in the elite triathlon or running events he participated in after his cycling career. WADA Code rules state his lifetime ban cannot be reduced to less than eight years. WADA and U.S. Anti-Doping officials could agree to reduce the ban further depending on what information Armstrong provides and his level of cooperation.


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Hot Online: Instagram debuts ads
Staff Writer
The Bulletin
Something to talk about
Instagram has debuted what its ads will look like. What do you think of the template?
Trending on Twitter
The first Teavana tea bar opened Thursday in Manhattan. It's run by Starbucks, and you can't get a cup of coffee there (duh, right?).
Hot video: Krauthammer and Stewart square off about the GOP
In this now-trending video, Jon Stewart of "The Daily Show" interviews Fox News' Charles Krauthammer on Wednesday night.
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A huge and lively group of Teddy Roosevelt fans from Texas led a cheering Nationals Park crowd of 21,767 on Thursday night as Livan Hernandez and the Washington Nationals completed their first series sweep of the season.
No matter where you sat in the Park, their cheers were hard to ignore. Even play-by-play man Bob Carpenter took
notice on the MASN broadcast.
The group included 90 students and their chaperones from Hillwood Middle school in Ft. Worth Texas.
Their U.S. History teacher, Brian Ketcham, stumbled across LetTeddyWin.com in 2009, and showed it to the kids as they were planning their 8th-grade trip to Washington.
"We let the kids vote on shirts for the trip," Ketchum said before the game. "I showed them the blog and they thought it was hilarious. So, they voted for the Roosevelt shirt. We want to cheer on Teddy very loudly."
And loudly they did, as cheers of "Let's Go Teddy" and Let's Go Nationals" reverberated from Upper Deck section 232 throughout the
game's final 5 innings.
On Thursday, the group visited the White House (where they ran into the POTUS), the National Zoo, the Holocaust Museum, and the National Archives — all before heading to Nationals Park, but group member Blake Emery declared their Nationals Park visit "the greatest night ever" — a sentiment that seemed to be shared by many.
They are chronicling their adventures at coachketchum.com.


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Cancer treatment can be an all-out battle with intense side effects for your entire body. One particular area that can suffer is your mouth.
Chemotherapy and radiation target and destroy cancer cells, which can lead to non-cancerous cells caught in the crossfire and also destroyed. The salivary glands in the mouth are prone to such damage, which could greatly impact your ability to ward off dental disease.
Saliva, what salivary glands produce, plays a major role in oral health. The bodily fluid disseminates antibodies throughout the mouth that fight disease-causing bacteria. It also neutralizes acid, which can erode tooth enamel, and helps restore lost minerals to the enamel.
If the salivary glands become damaged, however, they may produce less saliva and create a condition called xerostomia or "dry mouth." This is a common occurrence for cancer patients, which can rob them of saliva's benefits and make them more susceptible to tooth decay or periodontal (gum) disease. The end result could be tooth loss.
There are things you and your dentist can do to prevent this. First, have a complete dental checkup before undergoing cancer treatment. If at all possible have any necessary dental work undertaken (with adequate recovery time afterward) before beginning chemo or radiation. Your dentist and oncologist (cancer specialist) may need to coordinate any planned dental work.
You should also practice daily oral hygiene with brushing and flossing, along with keeping up your regular dental cleanings. This will prevent the buildup on teeth of bacterial plaque, which in turn will reduce your chances for dental disease. Your dentist may also prescribe antibacterial as well as fluoride mouth rinses to help limit the growth of oral bacteria.
To minimize dry mouth, increase your water consumption as much as possible. You may also use saliva boosters like xylitol, an alcohol-based sweetener found in many gums or mints that promotes salivation (it also deters oral bacterial growth).
And don't forget to maintain a healthy diet, which will not only benefit your stamina during cancer treatment but can also help you maintain better dental health. Providing good care for your mouth during this trying time will help ensure your teeth and gums stay as healthy as possible.
If you would like more information on oral care, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation. You can also learn more about this topic by reading the Dear Doctor magazine article "Oral Health During Cancer Treatment."


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FREE SHIPPING OVER $50 per shipment [Online Only]
Khaki and Green BBQ Apron with Tools
Congrats - you've earned Free Standard Shipping on your order of $50+ (per shipping address, online only)! Your discount will be automatically applied to your order as long as you qualify.
This offer excludes the purchase of our Specialty Food Club, expedited shipping, delivery surcharges, and items that ship separately from outside vendors. You can't combine this offer with any other active promotions. It has no cash value, is not valid on prior purchases, and is valid only for items that are in stock at the time of your order. Corporate and Wholesale Orders are not eligible for this special member discount.
Product Materials
cotton canvas, stainless steel, wood
24"L x 27½"W
0 oz.


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Tired of hearing about that elusive work-life balance? You're not alone. The concept, which promotes the idea that we can find an equilibrium between our home and work lives, has seen a backlash in recent years, with some calling it a myth that leads to unrealistic expectations and stress. But while writers and business experts debate what to call it, the fact is that most of us still need a strategy for tackling these competing demands – especially as we grow ever-more connected to our smartphones and electronic devices. 'There's power in discussing it,' said Teresa A. Taylor, a Denver-based business speaker and author of 'The Balance Myth: Rethinking Work-Life Success.' 'You realize you're not alone and that there can be ways through it if you share your experiences.' Different terminology rings true with different people, but a good idea can be helpful regardless of how it's delivered. The Smart Career Not all of us can pick and choose our jobs, especially given the economic upheaval of the past few years. But whether applying for a new position or trading up in an existing one, finding fulfilling work can mean the difference between a stressful life and a happy one. 'When people don't like their jobs they feel this tugging back and forth, like they wish they were somewhere else,' said Taylor, a former COO at Qwest. 'If you are working at something that you're passionate about, you don't feel like you're being tucked away, you can't wait to be part of the day.' Take control of your schedule wherever possible and manage it to your personality, whether that means changing your hours or your type of work. Do the research and find companies that value their employees, then apply for positions there. Stuck in an unfulfilling job? Management is necessarily hierarchical, but most bosses are receptive to good ideas. Test the waters during an informal chat, then meet with your manager if you have an idea for improving your job or company – and make sure to get the credit if it's put into action. The bottom line: If you don't like what you're doing, change it. The Great (Virtual) Wall E-mail and social media have become vastly more complex and integrated over the years, but they've also gotten more customizable. We may never completely escape our smartphones, but it's worth knowing there's a multitude of options for receiving and responding to the daily barrage of messages. If you're feeling overwhelmed, change the number and type of alerts you get in the settings menu. Set specific times to check your e-mail inbox and text messages – and stick to them. If you're not needed after-hours at work, turn off your devices at night and on the weekends. 'It's about
,' Taylor said. 'If you're at home with your kids, turn the phone off and focus on the kids. Your office is not going to fall apart if you're not responding that very (minute).' Most smartphones have settings that allow emergency calls to ring through while routine ones stay silent. 'Push' notifications – the sounds and vibrations that signal new activity on tablet and mobile apps – can be customized to personal tastes. And be realistic: If you're online, you're only a click away from your larger social and professional networks, so if you don't want to feel any pressure to check them, stay connected to the real world, not the digital one. The only way to have a truly predictable relationship with your job is to be in control of the lines of communication. 'These things make us very mobile and flexible but also distracted,' Taylor said. 'By the same token, when you go to lunch with someone, don't sit there texting and e-mailing the whole time without making eye contact.' The bottom line: Don't be a slave to your devices, in any context. Come Together, Right Now Multitasking is overrated. Think like a boutique shop or mom-and-pop restaurant: Instead of trying to do everything at once, pick one thing and do it well. Integrate your home and work lives in a practical, sensible way. 'When you put your calendars together it gives you one life, one calendar,' Taylor said. 'It allows you to look at the whole picture.' Merging our schedules may lead to the realization that we have three or four important things happening at the same time. But that's simply a reminder that we need to make conscious choices at every turn. 'If you know you went to a meeting instead of your kid's soccer game, you know you chose that, and you can give it 100 percent,' Taylor said. 'It takes away the stress of thinking, 'Oh, am I missing something? Should I be somewhere else?' ' Different things are important on different days, so avoid drawing up a rigid plan to apply to every day of the week. Sometimes you really do have to stay at work for 12 hours. Other times, you're just defaulting to some guilt-ridden ideal of American productivity. Plus, having a rich personal life is its own virtue. It's fulfilling for you, and it humanizes you to your co-workers and bosses. The bottom line: Be one person as much as possible, not two different people at work and at home.
Here are some tips for getting more out of your home life without checking out of your job entirely, with assistance from author and business speaker Teresa A. Taylor. Take the career home and home to work by intermingling the best skills of both. Are you a good organizer at work and horrible at home? Switch it up. You know you can do it, because you've already proven it elsewhere. Be patient when things aren't going the way you'd like, and remember that the rewards of diplomacy aren't always immediate. Network in your personal life as much as at your job. You spend time getting to know your co-workers and boss, so why not your neighbors, children's teachers or yoga buddies? Feeling connected to your environment, whatever it may be, is fundamental to happiness. Giving family and friends a better idea of what you do for a living helps them feel like they're a bigger part of your life. Don't be afraid to talk about your work. A little bit of explanation goes a long way toward bringing people into your world. Place as much value on your free time as your work time.You may not be getting paid to eat dinner with your family or take your kids to the park, but it's equally smart to plan and prepare for those activities. The same prep time and effort that goes into a meeting at the office can be applied just as easily to activities at home – and usually with more lasting, satisfying results. Protect what you've earned, whether it's a week off or a few hours of blissful reprieve. 'I never respect people who brag about not taking all their vacation time,' Taylor said. 'That just means you're not managing yourself very well.' Stop every once in awhile and think how you want your week, month or year to look, then strategize how to make that happen. Just because it's easy to get caught up in the rush of daily life doesn't mean it's inevitable.


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Rifle designer Mikhail Kalashnikov dead at 94
Published 12:00 am Monday, December 23, 2013
MOSCOW (AP) — Mikhail Kalashnikov, whose work as a weapons designer for the Soviet Union is immortalized in the name of the world's most popular firearm, died Monday at the age of 94.
Kalashnikov once aspired to design farm equipment. But even though his most famous invention — the AK-47 assault rifle — sowed havoc instead of crops, he often said he felt personally untroubled by his contribution to bloodshed.
"I sleep well. It's the politicians who are to blame for failing to come to an agreement and resorting to violence," he said in 2007.
Kalashnikov died in a hospital in Izhevsk, the capital of the Udmurtia republic where he lived, said Viktor Chulkov, a spokesman for the republic's president. He did not give a cause of death. Kalashnikov had been hospitalized for the past month with unspecified health problems.
The AK-47 — "Avtomat Kalashnikov" and the year it went into production — is the world's most popular firearm, favored by guerrillas, terrorists and the soldiers of many armies. An estimated 100 million guns are spread worldwide.
Though it isn't especially accurate, its ruggedness and simplicity are exemplary: it performs in sandy or wet conditions that jam more sophisticated weapons such as the U.S. M-16.
"During the Vietnam war, American soldiers would throw away their M-16s to grab AK-47s and bullets for it from dead Vietnamese soldiers," Kalashnikov said in July 2007 at a ceremony marking the rifle's 60th anniversary.
The weapon's suitability for jungle and desert fighting made it nearly ideal for the Third World insurgents backed by the Soviet Union, and Moscow not only distributed the AK-47 widely but also licensed its production in some 30 other countries.
The gun's status among revolutionaries and national-liberation struggles is enshrined on the flag of Mozambique.
Kalashnikov, born into a peasant family in Siberia, began his working life as a railroad clerk. After he joined the Red Army in 1938, he began to show mechanical flair by inventing several modifications for Soviet tanks.
The moment that firmly set his course was in the 1941 battle of Bryansk against Nazi forces, when a shell hit his tank. Recovering from wounds in the hospital, Kalashnikov brooded about the superior automatic rifles he'd seen the Nazis deploy; his rough ideas and revisions bore fruit five years later.
"Blame the Nazi Germans for making me become a gun designer," said Kalashnikov. "I always wanted to construct agricultural machinery."
In 2007, President Vladimir Putin praised him, saying "The Kalashnikov rifle is a symbol of the creative genius of our people."
Over his career, he was decorated with numerous honors, including the Hero of Socialist Labor and Order of Lenin and Stalin Prize. But because his invention was never patented, he didn't get rich off royalties.
"At that time in our country patenting inventions wasn't an issue. We worked for Socialist society, for the good of the people, which I never regret," he once said.
Kalashnikov continued working into his late 80s as chief designer of the Izmash company that first built the AK-47. He also traveled the world helping Russia negotiate new arms deals, and he wrote books on his life, about arms and about youth education.
"After the collapse of the great and mighty Soviet Union so much crap has been imposed on us, especially on the younger generation," he said. "I wrote six books to help them find their way in life."
He said he was proud of his bronze bust installed in his native village of Kurya in the Siberian region of Altai. He said newlyweds bring flowers to the bust. "They whisper 'Uncle Misha, wish us happiness and healthy kids,"' he said. "What other gun designer can boast of that?"


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[[!toc]] # Introduction This tutorial aims at showing how you can build, setup, upload and launch NetBSD under the [Amazon EC2](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/) service. We will first give some brief explanations on how you can obtain an AWS account, and what you will need to run NetBSD under EC2. Then, at your convenience, you will be able to start with pre-made images, or roll-out your own. # Subscribe to AWS (Amazon Web Services) If you already have an account for [Amazon Web Services](http://aws.amazon.com/), and you are a registered user for EC2 service, you can directly jump to section [What do you need to know](#index2h2). If not, keep reading. ## Quick overview Before you can start playing with Amazon EC2, you have to create an account on Amazon Web Services, of which EC2, the Elastic Compute Cloud, is part. This is fairly straightforward, and done in two steps: 1. you "sign-up" directly on [Amazon Web Services](http://aws.amazon.com/) home-page. This is where you enter your credentials, and confirm your AWS account registration. 1. you sign-up to EC2 through [EC2 AWS home-page](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/). You will be asked some more information, like a credit card (for billing), and a phone-number, for account validation. ## What do you need to know? EC2 uses different types of credentials. In addition to your login and password, you need an access key, a X.509 certificate (with its private key), and a pair of RSA keys, for remote SSH access. These can be created through the [Security Credentials](https://aws-portal.amazon.com/gp/aws/developer/account/index.html?ie=UTF8&action=access-key) page (also accessible from the [Account](http://aws.amazon.com/account/) page): 1. create the access key. Keep a secured copy of the ID and its associated secret value. These will be used by various scripts later on to perform certain EC2 actions. 1. note down your account number (different from your access key ID!). This identifier can usually be obtained in the right top part of the page; it is a serie of numbers, separated with dashes: XXXX-XXXX-XXXX. 1. create, or upload, a X.509 certificate, in PEM format. Keep the private key in a safe place. 1. lastly, generate Amazon EC2 key pairs that will be used for SSH access. This step will be performed through the [Amazon Management Console](https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/home). Note down the SSH Key Pair Name you chose. ### Keep your credentials! The different credentials created above will be used in various places of EC2, and by a myriad of commands. You are advised to keep them easily accessible, while still reasonably secure regarding their access. Most EC2 tools expect them to be find through a set of environment variables. For convenience, you could store them under a *.ec2* directory inside your *$HOME*: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" $ ls .ec2/ cert-SOMERANDOMKEY.pem # the X.509 certificate id_rsa.ec2 # private RSA SSH key id_rsa.ec2.pub # public RSA SSH key pk-SOMERANDOMKEY.pem # the private key associated to the certificate """]] then set the environment accordingly: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" export EC2_PRIVATE_KEY=$HOME/.ec2/pk-SOMERANDOMKEY.pem export EC2_CERT=$HOME/.ec2/cert-SOMERANDOMKEY.pem export EC2_SSH_KEY=$HOME/.ec2/id_rsa.ec2 export EC2_SSH_KEYNAME=<your_ssh_key_pair_name> export EC2_ACCOUNT_NUM=XXXX-XXXX-XXXX export EC2_ACCESS_KEY=MYACCESSKEYID export EC2_SECRET_KEY=MYSECRETACCESSKEY """]] Please note that the rest of the tutorial will assume that these variables are set. ## Installing EC2 API tools NetBSD provides EC2 API tools, to ease EC2 account management a little bit. The package is found inside [pkgsrc](http://www.pkgsrc.org), under [[!template id=pkg category=misc name=ec2-api-tools]]. [[!template id=programlisting text=""" cd /usr/pkgsrc/misc/ec2-api-tools make ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=amazon-software-license install """]] Package depends on Java, so build will take some time to finish. While it builds, just continue reading. ## EC2 vocabulary -- last notes Before starting to play with EC2, you need to be familiar with the EC2 vocabulary used throughout this tutorial. Briefly said, EC2 uses [Xen](http://www.xen.org) as virtualization solution. So, in essence, all operating systems that support Xen para-virtualization can theoretically run inside EC2, as a domU. This is the case for NetBSD; however, please note that only amd64 is currently supported. Work is on-going to support 32 bits for EC2. All operating systems are run as *instances*, which are, as their name implies, the instantiation of a specific AMI, or *Amazon Machine Image*. An AMI is an image built from specific *snapshots* of *volumes*. The volumes are part of [Elastic Block Storage](http://aws.amazon.com/ebs/) (or EBS for short), which is another service offered by AWS, distinct from EC2. These instances are tied to a *region* (a geographical location; typically US East, US West, Europe West, etc.). Each region has *availability zones*, which can be compared to a sub-region, each one being physically distinct from another. Regions are identified by a name, like *us-east-1*, *eu-west-1*. Same goes for availability zones, usually with the region's name as prefix: *us-east-1a*, *us-east-1b*, and so forth. Note that resources are **not** shared between zones, so if you transfer data from one zone to another, you will be charged for it. AKI, or *Amazon Kernel Image*, are a specific type of image. It represents the Xen guest para-virtualized kernel, as used by an AMI. Certain AKIs are allowed to boot customized operating systems, e.g. those that are still not officially supported by Amazon. Thanks to [PyGrub](http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/PyGrub), it can boot a kernel that resides inside an AMI's snapshot. # Using pre-made AMIs XXX TODO # Build-up your NetBSD system ## Fetch and build NetBSD EC2 does not provide direct access to console. As a consequence, we cannot rely on it for installation, especially via [[!template id=man name=sysinst section=8]]. We must therefore build and install NetBSD in a separate directory, and configure it manually, before upload. This tutorial assumes that you will build the system under */mnt/ec2*. /!\Please note that you will need the [[!template id=man name=makefs section=8]] tool later in the process, so you can build a file system image that can be uploaded to Amazon EC2. You are therefore advised to perform the installation directly under a living NetBSD system, or in case your are not, to fetch the *src* tree to build the toolchain, which will contain the **nbmakefs** utility. [Details regarding on how you can fetch *src* are given in the NetBSD's guide](http://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-fetch.html). Here are the basic commands you should type to build and install NetBSD under */mnt/ec2*: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" cd /usr/ # grab a recent src.tgz file (use curl(1), ftp(1), wget(1), ...) ftp -a 'http://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/tar_files/src.tar.gz' # Decompress tar -xzpf src.tar.gz cd src # build distribution and kernel ./build.sh -O ../obj -T ../tools -D ../dest -R ../release -m amd64 -U distribution ./build.sh -O ../obj -T ../tools -m amd64 kernel=XEN3_DOMU # install distribution in /mnt/ec2 su root ./build.sh -O ../obj -T ../tools -D ../dest -R ../release -U -V INSTALLSETS="base etc" install=/mnt/ec2 """]] # Configuration of your NetBSD EC2 tree /!\This part assumes that you have a non-configured NetBSD system extracted under */mnt/ec2*; that is, it should have not been modified through [[!template id=man name=sysinst section=8]], nor by you. Under */mnt/ec2*, edit the files to add (or modify) these lines: [[!template id=filecontent name=etc/rc.conf text=""" rc_configured=YES ec2_init=YES sshd=YES # for remote shell access to instance """]] [[!template id=filecontent name=etc/ssh/sshd_config text=""" # Allows root to login via authentication keys PermitRootLogin without-password """]] This file is needed if you want to login via the EC2 SSH key pair created previously: [[!template id=filecontent name=etc/rc.d/ec2_init text=""" #!/bin/sh # # PROVIDE: ec2_init # REQUIRE: NETWORKING # BEFORE: LOGIN $_rc_subr_loaded . /etc/rc.subr name="ec2_init" rcvar=${name} start_cmd="ec2_init" stop_cmd=":" METADATA_URL="http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/" SSH_KEY_URL="public-keys/0/openssh-key" HOSTNAME_URL="hostname" SSH_KEY_FILE="/root/.ssh/authorized_keys" ec2_init() { ( umask 022 # fetch the key pair from Amazon Web Services EC2_SSH_KEY=$(ftp -o - "${METADATA_URL}${SSH_KEY_URL}") if [ -n "$EC2_SSH_KEY" ]; then # A key pair is associated with this instance, add it # to root 'authorized_keys' file mkdir -p $(dirname "$SSH_KEY_FILE") touch "$SSH_KEY_FILE" cd $(dirname "$SSH_KEY_FILE") grep -q "$EC2_SSH_KEY" "$SSH_KEY_FILE" if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then echo "Setting EC2 SSH key pair: ${EC2_SSH_KEY##* }" echo "$EC2_SSH_KEY" >> "$SSH_KEY_FILE" fi fi # set hostname HOSTNAME=$(ftp -o - "${METADATA_URL}${HOSTNAME_URL}") echo "Setting EC2 hostname: ${HOSTNAME}" echo "$HOSTNAME" > /etc/myname hostname "$HOSTNAME" ) } load_rc_config $name run_rc_command "$1" """]] Create various files and directories: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" cd /mnt/ec2 # Add proc and kern directories mkdir grub kern proc # EC2 network configuration, via DHCP echo "dhcp" > etc/ifconfig.xennet0 # Basic fstab entries cat > etc/fstab << EOF /dev/xbd1a / ffs rw 1 1 /dev/xbd0a /grub ext2fs rw 2 2 kernfs /kern kernfs rw ptyfs /dev/pts ptyfs rw procfs /proc procfs rw EOF # EC2 startup script (if you installed it) if [ -f etc/rc.d/ec2_init ]; then chmod 755 etc/rc.d/ec2_init fi """]] You can then proceed to modifying the system living under */mnt/ec2*, so it can fit your needs (adding custom binaries, packages, etc). When done, build the *NetBSD-AMI.img.gz* ffs image, via [[!template id=man name=makefs section=8]], or **nbmakefs**, from the [toolchain](http://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-build.html#chap-build-tools): [[!template id=programlisting text=""" $ makefs -t ffs -B le -s 256m -N /mnt/ec2/etc/ -o density=32k NetBSD-AMI.img /mnt/ec2/ Calculated size of `NetBSD-AMI.img': 268435456 bytes, 7345 inodes Extent size set to 8192 NetBSD-AMI.img: 256.0MB (524288 sectors) block size 8192, fragment size 1024 using 5 cylinder groups of 53.88MB, 6896 blks, 1728 inodes. super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 32, 110368, 220704, 331040, 441376, Populating `NetBSD-AMI.img' Image `NetBSD-AMI.img' complete $ gzip -9n NetBSD-AMI.img """]] # Upload NetBSD to EC2 We must now upload our NetBSD system to EC2. For that, we will have to create a minimalist EC2 instance, to which we will copy our files to construct our snapshots. We will use an Amazon Linux AMI instance. EC2 being localized in geographical regions, you have to carefully choose the AMI identifier you want to use there. This depends on where you want to execute your instance. Amazon Linux AMI IDs are listed on [the main page](http://aws.amazon.com/amazon-linux-ami/) of the project, by regions. Choose ones backed by EBS. The examples listed here assume that the instances run in **US East**, within the **c** zone (e.g. **us-east-1c**). To have a list of EC2 regions, you can use the command **ec2-describe-regions**, and **ec2-describe-availability-zones** for availability zones. ## Create an Amazon Linux instance Creating an instance is straightforward. Amazon provides [different types of instances](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/), with varying levels of billing and reliability. We will use a [*micro* instance](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/faqs/#How_much_compute_power_do_Micro_instances_provide); its pricing is almost free. [[!template id=programlisting text=""" $ ec2-run-instances ami-74f0061d -t t1.micro -z us-east-1c -k $EC2_SSH_KEYNAME RESERVATION r-1ab61377 983624114127 default INSTANCE i-5babe737 ami-74f0061d pending <your_ssh_key_pair_name> 0 t1.micro 2011-02-17T23:15:04+0000 us-east-1c aki-427d952b monitoring-disabled ebs paravirtual xen """]] Use the instance identifier **i-XXXXXXX** to query the instance state via **ec2-describe-instances**. It will take some time to launch: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" $ sleep 5 && ec2-describe-instances i-5babe737 | grep running $ sleep 5 && ec2-describe-instances i-5babe737 | grep running INSTANCE i-5babe737 ami-74f0061d ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com ip-10-99-86-193.ec2.internal running <your_ssh_key_pair_name> 0 t1.micro 2011-02-17T23:22:37+0000 us-east-1c aki-427d952b monitoring-disabled 188.8.131.52 10.99.86.193 ebs """]] ## Create and attach your NetBSD volumes We will have to create and attach two EBS volumes: 1. one to contain the Grub *menu.lst* config file, as well as the NetBSD kernel. 1. the other one will contain the root file-system. [[!template id=programlisting text=""" ec2-create-volume -s 1 -z us-east-1c # 1GiB -- will be used for Grub and kernel VOLUME vol-24f88d4c 1 us-east-1c creating 2011-02-18T00:06:21+0000 ec2-create-volume -s 5 -z us-east-1c # 5GiB -- will contain the root file-system VOLUME vol-36f88d5e 5 us-east-1c creating 2011-02-18T00:06:32+0000 *** Wait until both volumes are marked as "available" *** ec2-describe-volumes vol-24f88d4c vol-36f88d5e VOLUME vol-36f88d5e 5 us-east-1c available 2011-02-18T00:06:32+0000 VOLUME vol-24f88d4c 1 us-east-1c available 2011-02-18T00:06:21+0000 # Attach them under /dev/sdf and /dev/sdg respectively ec2-attach-volume vol-36f88d5e -i i-5babe737 -d "/dev/sdf" # root file-system ATTACHMENT vol-36f88d5e i-5babe737 /dev/sdf attaching 2011-02-18T00:13:53+0000 ec2-attach-volume vol-24f88d4c -i i-5babe737 -d "/dev/sdg" # Grub and kernel ATTACHMENT vol-24f88d4c i-5babe737 /dev/sdg attaching 2011-02-18T00:14:02+0000 *** Wait until both volumes are "attached" *** ec2-describe-volumes vol-24f88d4c vol-36f88d5e VOLUME vol-36f88d5e 5 us-east-1c in-use 2011-02-18T00:06:32+0000 ATTACHMENT vol-36f88d5e i-5babe737 /dev/sdf attached 2011-02-18T00:14:00+0000 VOLUME vol-24f88d4c 1 us-east-1c in-use 2011-02-18T00:06:21+0000 ATTACHMENT vol-24f88d4c i-5babe737 /dev/sdg attached 2011-02-18T00:14:10+0000 """]] ## Snapshots! Before we can connect to our brand new instance, we have to allow connections on SSH port (22) through the AWS EC2 firewall: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" $ ec2-authorize default -p 22 GROUP default PERMISSION default ALLOWS tcp 22 22 FROM CIDR 0.0.0.0/0 """]] We can now upload the kernel and the NetBSD disk image created earlier, *NetBSD-AMI.img.gz*, to our instance host: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" # Upload kernel to Linux AMI rsync -aPv -e "ssh -i $EC2_SSH_KEY" /usr/obj/sys/arch/amd64/compile/XEN3_DOMU/netbsd \ firstname.lastname@example.com: # Upload disk image rsync -aPv -e "ssh -i $EC2_SSH_KEY" NetBSD-AMI.img.gz \ firstname.lastname@example.com: """]] Then, log in to the instance, via its name. We will format and mount the Grub partition, create the *menu.lst* file, then copy files to their respective partitions. [[!template id=programlisting text=""" $ ec2-describe-instances i-5babe737 INSTANCE i-5babe737 ami-74f0061d ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com ip-10-99-86-193.ec2.internal running <your_ssh_key_pair_name> 0 t1.micro 2011-02-17T23:22:37+0000 us-east-1c aki-427d952b monitoring-disabled 220.127.116.11 10.99.86.193 ebs $ ssh -i "$EC2_SSH_KEY" firstname.lastname@example.com [...] [ec2-user@ip-10-99-86-193 ~]$ sudo su [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mkdir /mnt/grub [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdg [...] [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mount /dev/sdg /mnt/grub/ [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mkdir -p /mnt/grub/boot/grub/ [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# cat > /mnt/grub/boot/grub/menu.lst << EOF default=0 timeout=0 hiddenmenu title NetBSD AMI root (hd0) kernel /boot/netbsd root=xbd1 EOF [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mv netbsd /mnt/grub/boot/ [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# umount /dev/sdg [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# gunzip < NetBSD-AMI.img.gz | dd of=/dev/sdf bs=32k [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# sync """]] ## Shutdown the Linux instance We now have to detach volumes, snapshot them, then we shutdown the Linux instance. [[!template id=programlisting text=""" # ec2-detach-volume vol-36f88d5e ATTACHMENT vol-36f88d5e i-5babe737 /dev/sdf detaching 2011-02-18T00:14:00+0000 # ec2-detach-volume vol-24f88d4c ATTACHMENT vol-24f88d4c i-5babe737 /dev/sdg detaching 2011-02-18T00:14:10+0000 # ec2-create-snapshot vol-36f88d5e SNAPSHOT snap-deef2bb2 vol-36f88d5e pending 2011-02-18T01:17:59+0000 983624114127 5 # ec2-create-snapshot vol-24f88d4c SNAPSHOT snap-8aef2be6 vol-24f88d4c pending 2011-02-18T01:18:10+0000 983624114127 1 # ec2-terminate-instances i-5babe737 INSTANCE i-5babe737 running shutting-down """]] # Playing with your first NetBSD instance ## Create your first NetBSD AMI An AMI requires multiples components to be registered: the snapshots IDs we made in the previous chapter, as well as a specific AKI: the one that can chain-load Xenified kernels through PyGrub. /!\ AKIs are entitled to the same conditions as AMIs: their IDs are region-specific. So choose one carefully, or you will not be able to launch your NetBSD instance later! The list of AKIs that suits our situation can be obtained with the following command: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" # Obtain all kernel images (AKI) for region US East, for which manifest location contains pv-grub (for PyGrub) # ec2-describe-images -a --region=us-east-1 -F image-type=kernel -F manifest-location=*pv-grub* IMAGE aki-407d9529 ec2-public-images/pv-grub-hd0-V1.01-i386.gz.manifest.xml amazon available public i386 kernel instance-store paravirtual xen IMAGE aki-427d952b ec2-public-images/pv-grub-hd0-V1.01-x86_64.gz.manifest.xml amazon available public x86_64 kernel instance-store paravirtual xen IMAGE aki-4c7d9525 ec2-public-images/pv-grub-hd00-V1.01-i386.gz.manifest.xml amazon available public i386 kernel instance-store paravirtual xen IMAGE aki-4e7d9527 ec2-public-images/pv-grub-hd00-V1.01-x86_64.gz.manifest.xml amazon available public x86_64 kernel instance-store paravirtual xen """]] Pick the one with the correct architecture (x86_64 here). **hd0** are for AMIs where the snapshot contains no partition (where the volume is itself the whole partition), while **hd00** are for snapshots partitioned in a classical way (via MBR). Choose **hd0** AKIs. In this case, that will be **aki-427d952b**. We can proceed to the creation of our AMI, with: 1. */dev/sda1* as Grub partition (*/dev/sdg*, snapshot **snap-8aef2be6** of volume **vol-24f88d4c**) 1. */dev/sda2* as root file-system (*/dev/sdf*, snapshot **snap-deef2bb2** of volume **vol-36f88d5e**) [[!template id=programlisting text=""" $ ec2-register -a x86_64 --kernel aki-427d952b --region us-east-1 \ -b "/dev/sda1=snap-8aef2be6" -b "/dev/sda2=snap-deef2bb2" -n "NetBSD-x86_64-current" \ -d "<add your own description here> IMAGE ami-74d0231d """]] ## Launch your first instance You can now start your own NetBSD instance, via: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" $ ec2-run-instances ami-74d0231d -t t1.micro -z us-east-1c -k $EC2_SSH_KEYNAME RESERVATION r-08218465 983624114127 default INSTANCE i-953d72f9 ami-74d0231d pending 0 t1.micro 2011-02-18T02:05:46+0000 us-east-1c aki-4e7d9527 monitoring-disabled *** Wait a few minutes, micro instances take time to start *** # Query console output for your new instance $ ec2-get-console-output i-953d72f9 Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. NetBSD 5.99.45 (XEN3_DOMU) #9: Wed Feb 16 21:14:49 CET 2011 [...] NetBSD/amd64 (ip-10-112-58-223.ec2.internal) (console) login: """]] ## Connect to your NetBSD instance Connection is similar to the one you used for the Amazon Linux instance, except that you login as "root" instead of "ec2-user": [[!template id=programlisting text=""" $ ec2-describe-instances i-953d72f9 RESERVATION r-da8021b7 983624114127 default INSTANCE i-953d72f9 ami-74d0231d ec2-50-16-3-55.compute-1.amazonaws.com ip-10-112-58-223.ec2.internal running <your_ssh_key_pair_name> 0 t1.micro 2011-02-19T04:01:03+0000 us-east-1c aki-427d952b monitoring-disabled 18.104.22.168 10.112.58.223 ebs paravirtual xen BLOCKDEVICE /dev/sda1 vol-ec3c4a84 2011-02-19T04:01:31.000Z BLOCKDEVICE /dev/sda2 vol-ee3c4a86 2011-02-19T04:01:31.000Z $ ssh -i "$EC2_SSH_KEY" firstname.lastname@example.com The authenticity of host 'ec2-50-16-3-55.compute-1.amazonaws.com (220.127.116.11)' can't be established. [...] Thank you for helping us test and improve NetBSD. Terminal type is xterm. We recommend that you create a non-root account and use su(1) for root access. ip-10-112-58-223# uname -a NetBSD ip-10-112-58-223.ec2.internal 5.99.45 NetBSD 5.99.45 (XEN3_DOMU) #9: Wed Feb 16 21:14:49 CET 2011 jym@paris:/home/jym/cvs/obj/sys/arch/amd64/compile/XEN3_DOMU amd64 ip-10-112-58-223# """]] Done! ## And now? Well, you got a NetBSD instance that is in almost every part similar to what a NetBSD domU can be. You can use this domU to host Internet services, run a database, extend your build farm, or use it as a sandbox. The AMI being built around snapshots, you can play and break your instance in every way you want; just restart one anew if you need to. Don't forget that Amazon will charge acccordingly :) Remember, you can query information regarding your AWS account through [[!template id=pkg category=misc name=ec2-api-tools]] package. It is quite easy to use these tools for scripting; for a more elaborate, graphical interface, use the [Amazon Management Console](https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/home).