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Book Lovers
Today is National Book Lover's Day. I had it saved on my calendar from last year. Dr. French has a post this year on the subject and he was the one who alerted me to this great day last year. I am always ready to celebrate a book.
I have often threatened to show photographs of my small book collection. It's a good thing that my shelves have been culled and many passed on. There is a box waiting at the back door to go to "The Friends of the Library" bookstore. They sell used books so the library can buy new offerings.
I have loved books since I discovered them at about the age of 12 when my parents bought eight for my Christmas gift. I had four Donna Parker and four Trixie Belden books. I had four of the books read before they were even wrapped and placed under the tree. Somehow my mother was suspicious of my over enthusiastic reception at Christmas. I sat on top of the refrigerator and read when mom was away and I was babysitting. They were hiding in the cupboard over the fridge with our school paper. Silly mom.
There was also a library on our base for the first time in my memory. Moving every six months to every couple of years left huge holes in my education so the library helped fill in the blanks. I started devouring books anytime I could get my hands on them which was not often enough.
My dream has always been to have a library in my own home, own a bookstore or at the very least work in one. I didn't have the education to be a librarian but oh how I envied them.
My children are huge readers as well though only my son has kept enough to sink a battleship with the weight of them. My daughter reads as much but lets them go on so much easier. I've been a lending library for friends and family. My sister will often come and peruse my shelves looking for her next read.
If you can read, you can do anything. I taught myself to cook, sew, quilt, paint, meditate, and how to be a better person in the world from reading. I learned to garden and craft from a book. Books have kept me company when I'm alone and let me share when I'm not.
I had to stop accumulating so many books as I was afraid the floors of my factory crafted manufactured home would not hold much more weight. I've always joked that the books, soft and hard cover are insulation against the weather and holding down the house so it won't blow away. I will buy a book before I buy food in case I can't do both. Books will always be a priority in my life. I need to learn something new every day and a book is a good place to do that.
Are you a book lover too? Do you have favorites or are they all friends?
From my heart to yours,
Marlene Herself


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Excalibur Almaz has announced that it is selling tickets to lunar orbit. The price is $100 million. Your golden ticket will entitle you to a complete astronaut experience.
You'll begin with astronaut training: not just a course on how to make it to the escape capsule in the event of an emergency, but also how to pilot the spacecraft back to Earth in the event that something goes wrong with its onboard navigation. The price includes a ticket to a flight to space aboard the XCOR Lynx suborbital spaceplane, so you'll have already been to space and experienced weightlessness before you board the Excalibur reusable capsule. On the big day you'll ride the Soyuz rocket with your two fellow passengers up from Baikonur to one of the company's two 90-cubic-meter space stations. Once you're aboard the station with your two fellow passengers, an electric thruster will slowly spiral the three of you up to an elliptical orbit around the Moon. After several days you'll spiral back the way you came, re-enter Earth orbit, board a small reusable capsule and re-enter the Earth's atmosphere, leaving the station behind you. Home again, home again, time to hire that ghost writer and update your Facebook page with a few new pictures.
Excalibur Almaz has based its business around a fleet of Soviet spacecraft purchased by its somewhat-legendary founder, Art Dula of Houston, Texas, who has been involved with several other successful space companies. The age of the thirty-year-old spacecraft means very little; most current Russian spacecraft date from the Soviet-era and they are considered to be among the safest and most reliable spacecraft ever built. Space launches are very public, and Mr. Dula's fleet was built during a time when any public failure meant dire consequences not only for the cosmonaut but also for anyone connected with the failure (people who make mistakes still die, but from "stress"). Because of their stout engineering, old Soviet launchers and spacecraft have consistently excellent safety records.
Several years ago Dula procured two Almaz space stations, designed for Soviet military reconnaissance, and four very stout reusable return capsules along with their escape systems. The space stations are closely related to the Zvezda and Zarya modules on the Russian side of the International Space Station, and although the reusable return vehicles have never been flown manned, they have been extensively tested. For the last seven years the new company has been quietly working on the equally expensive tasks of filling out paperwork and engineering.
A myriad of licenses were necessary to bring the equipment out of Russia and on to the Isle of Man, an aerospace hotbed where Excalibur Almaz is based. Eventually the collection of stations and reusable return vehicles arrived at their new home, and EA began their refurbishment with modern off-the-shelf parts from the various space industry catalogs. The spacecraft received new solar arrays, environmental controls, flight controls, and communications equipment. The kitchen, crew quarters, exercise rooms, storage racks, laboratory, and telescope are all being brought up to date. On the outside, the craft are receiving electric and hypergolic thrusters. The Excalibur Almaz paint scheme is a glossy white, devoid of Soviet insignia.
The Soviet spacecraft by themselves were not enough to build a complete system. Excalibur Almaz has also contracted with the manufacturers in Russia and the Ukraine for more of the stock pieces. They asked aerospace giant EADS Astrium in Europe to do preliminary designs for an intermediate propulsion stage with new passenger and cargo modules based on the European Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV). They struck a Space Act Agreement with NASA in order to learn how to meet US space agency standards for carrying crew to the space station. For marketing studies, EA went to Futron Corporation, a company which specializes in aerospace markets and knows the space tourism industry well.
Futron told them that launch prices were currently too high for profitable operations in Low Earth Orbit. "I stress that we were quite surprised to find that we can't operate at a profit in Low Earth Orbit right now," said Mr. Dula at the ISDC 2012 conference last month. "That takes government subsidy. There aren't enough customers in LEO. There are more customers that are interested in going beyond LEO for a purely commercial system."
"Beyond LEO" meant the Moon, and as it happens mathematics has made getting to the Moon a little easier than it was during the Apollo era. For low-energy lunar transfer orbits EA went to Dr. Ed Belbruno, a mathematician who specializes in celestial mechanics, and to Jet Propulsion Laboratories in Pasadena. Orbits were found that would allow the station to use electric propulsion to slowly make its way into lunar orbits. EA contracted with US-based United Launch Alliance (ULA) for phasing studies, the adjustment of a spacecraft's time-position along its orbit. Plans eventually came together for three different lunar missions. One of them is a lunar cycler orbit based on work done by former Apollo astronaut Buzz Aldrin, an old friend of Mr. Dula's.
The first mission begins in low Earth orbit and involves an elliptical lunar flyby, good for tourists who want to see the Moon up close through a window instead of a telescope. The second requires the station to travel up to a circular lunar orbit on a slow low-energy trajectory, where it waits for a crew on a high-energy spacecraft such as an Orion space capsule riding on a ULA Centaur upper stage. The crew vehicle docks with the station and can stay for a month or two. It then does a high-energy return and re-enters the atmosphere.
The third mission is the lunar cycler orbit, wherein the space station flies to the Moon on a low-energy trajectory and gets a gravity boost out of the plane of the ecliptic, up and over the Earth instead of around it. The Moon rotates around and catches the spacecraft two weeks later on the other side, catching the spacecraft and returning it to where a new crew or supply ship can dock with it. The two-week cycles could last quite a long time before the station would need to be refueled.
For now, the only man-rated vehicle capable of launching the small "taxi" vehicles, with their launch escape systems and reusable return capsules, are Soyuz rockets. The Chinese Long March is also the right size and man-rated, but U.S. technology export rules forbid it. In the near future other vehicles could be or will be man-rated, so there will be more choices. The stations themselves will probably go up aboard Russian Proton rockets, for which they were designed, but they could also go up on many other launchers. Excalibur Almaz also has a six-person vehicle, essentially a scaled up version of their 3-person capsule, approaching its Critical Design Review.
A reusable reentry vehicle was displayed at the Royal Aeronautical Society's Third European Space Tourism Conference in London, where Mr. Dula made another presentation yesterday. It has now been shipped back to the company headquarters on the Isle of Man, where it will wait for the first three customers. For now, you can see and read more at the Excalibur Almaz website.
Listing image by Photo Credit: Excalibur Almaz

subset: commoncrawl


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LG V10 review
There are twice as many reasons to check out this dual screen, dual selfie camera Android phablet if you're in the US.
There are twice as many reasons to check out this dual screen, dual selfie camera Android phablet if you're in the US.
A DIY skeleton kit for a 4K PC, Corsair's Bulldog provides the building blocks for a truly great living room rig.
This water cooler is certainly impressive in stature, but its size is more than matched by the build quality.
Are you a serial CPU swapper? Do you want custom cooling configuration software? This water cooler might just meet your needs.
Some of the design elements are pretty clunky, but when configured in silent mode, this is a very impressive cooling kit.
The latest addition to Cooler Master's HAF range is a weird ol' beast, but we can't help but have a soft spot for its techie aspirations.
Inconsistent design choices aside, this ammo case-style chassis offers a lot to like.
When we checked out Nanoxia's Deep Silence 1 last month, we were deeply impressed by the German company's first outing in case design. Can the Deep Silence 2 repeat the same trick?
This diminutive chip-chiller is impressive. If you can't stretch to liquid-cooling, this is the way to go for compact chassis.
After all the huge tower fans we've looked at recently, it makes a refreshing change to be playing with something at the other end of the spectrum.
Other versions of this page are available with specific content for the following regions:


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Storage enthusiasts sitting on the edge of your seats for revolutionary SSD announcements out of this year's CES can rest easy: there's not anything mind-blowing coming up that you need to be worried about. Ars sat down today with both LSI/Sandforce and Samsung, and while both had plenty of neat stuff to talk about with regard to their current product line, neither had anything earthshaking to share. Like the headline says, this isn't necessarily a bad thing: now's an excellent time to buy an SSD if you don't already have one, and the ever-present enthusiast fear of buying something that will soon be obsolete or out of date isn't one that really applies for solid state disks.
Kent Smith, the senior director of product marketing for the Flash Components Division of LSI (which makes the enthusiast-friendly Sandforce SSD controllers featured in many consumer SSDs) noted that business has been quite brisk, with Sandforce controllers appearing in many, many different OEMs' drives. Kent compared the situation today to the hard disk drive market twenty years ago, with a plethora of manufacturers producing only moderately differentiated disks. But there are only two real HDD OEMs today: Seagate and Western Digital (or three, depending on how one counts Toshiba). Anyone can use Sandforce controllers in their disks, but the sheer number of OEMs making SSDs is unsustainable, and some collapse and consolidation is inevitable.
The reasons why tie in with NAND flash's much-discussed longevity issues. SSD prices themselves are low and will get lower, but the vast majority of SSD makers aren't actually manufacturing their own NAND, but rather sourcing it from one of several manufacturers. NAND's increasing density and complexity brings with it integration issues—as NAND gets smaller and more cantankerous, it can be more difficult for an OEM who sources both NAND and controllers and melds the two together to make drives. The OEMS that can dedicate the most time to it will produce fast and power-efficient devices, while others will be pushed out of the market by decreasing costs and decreasing margins.
The message from Stephen Weinger, Director of Marketing of NAND flash for Samsung, was similar. Samsung is in a different market position from LSI—as a vertically integrated manufacturer, Samsung makes "the whole widget," from controller to NAND, rather than just the controller. However, they see the same outlook for the SSD manufacturer space as LSI: the number of companies in the space is bound to become considerably smaller. Weinger noted that in 2012 OCZ missed its second quarter earnings targets due in part to supply issues with sourced NAND, and he indicated that anticipated SSD business in 2013 will likely cause these constraints to become more widespread among other SSD OEMs.
Samsung is one of the only SSD OEMs to sell a triple-level cell (TLC) SSD, the Samsung 840. As we discussed in our huge feature set on how SSDs work, TLC SSDs store three bits of data per NAND transistor, requiring the ability to discretely read and write eight different voltage levels. The nature of NAND cells means that as they get smaller and denser, they become more susceptible to wear from repeated erasures and rewrites. A TLC NAND transistor with its eight discrete voltage states has a much-decreased lifecycle than an SLC or MLC transistor, because reading from or writing to it requires much more precision and residual charge damages it more quickly.
The Samsung 840 gets somewhat of a bad rap in comments on Ars when it comes up, but Weinger noted that in Samsung's own internal tests, its TLC NAND came out with about thirteen years of usable life when tasked with the write equivalent of about 40GB per day. This is possible because of the advanced tricks that modern SSD controllers (like Samsung's and LSI/Sandforce's) do to overcome write amplification. At the high level, this usually includes deduplication (writing repeating data only once) and compression, but both companies we talked to jealously guarded their controllers' "secret sauce." Samsung didn't have any post-TLC tech on sale, and noted that the inevitable transistor shrinking march of Moore's Law will likely continue on relatively unabated in NAND flash, asserting that the company is capable of keeping up the pace.
A fast-moving market and hotly in-demand products means that companies in the SSD space, at least for the next few months, will be focused on polishing and refining—reducing power consumption, handling write amplification, and stepping down to the next NAND process size. We'll see cheaper MLC and TLC SSDs from major OEMS, but it will be some time yet before anyone announces more exotic replacements like consumer-targeted memristor drives or anything like that. If you've been holding off buying an SSD because you were afraid of something newer coming out, now is as good a time as any to pull the trigger.


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Lawn Mowing Darwin
We mow lawns in Darwin, and we'd love to mow your lawn, too. We even offer same day lawn services if our scheduled permits.Just call Jim's Mowing in Darwin on 131 546 or you can book a lawn mowing job online for a time that suits to get your grass mowed or schedule a free, no obligation quote.
Lawn Mowing prices can vary depending on the size, length and overall state of your lawn currently, so it is usually best for us to view the lawn first, to be able to give you an accurate estimate of the costs. We can also complete lawn edging, lawn fertilizing, irrigation & watering solutions, lawn aeration, weeding and so much more.
Jim's Mowing Darwin offer fully trained staff, who can advise you on all aspects of lawn care, including when to fertilize the lawns, how to promote strong root systems, how often to water lawns and when, through to aeration, recommendations on lawn feed, weeding and wetting agents best suited to your lawn.
It is important that lawns are not damaged when mowed, and in particular they are not cut too short for the type of grass and the season, as this can result in grass dying off in patches. Our fully trained Mowing team know this, and so much more, so don't leave your lawn care to just anyone.
Be assured that all Jim's Mowing staff are required to have a current police check, are all fully insured and fully trained. Plus, our work comes with a 100% money back guarantee.
Remember, we also offer more than just expert lawn mowing services in Darwin. Our services extend to entire garden maintenance, garden clean ups and rubbish removal, tree, shrub and hedging trimming and pruning, landscape design and hard landscaping services, gutter cleaning.
Call Jim's Lawn Mowing Services in Darwin on 131 546 now or book a Jim's online, today.
Your lawn will be expertly mowed, all lawn clippings removed, giving you more time to enjoy your beautifully maintained lawn! So call Jim's Lawn Mowing now on 131 546.
Winter Gardening Ideas With Kids
With the weather turned chilly and the days mostly cold and grey, you might decide it's best to keep the kids indoors; however, winter is an exciting time to be outside. As long as the little ones are decked out in proper winter attire to keep warm, they can spend time outdoors and have fun […] … Read More
Important Tips on Pruning Plants
To keep your plants in shape, regular pruning is required whether your plants are grown inside or outside. Be careful though, over-pruning can be hazardous so it's extremely important to know which plants to prune, when to prune and how. It is best to prune fruiting and flowering plants whilst they are not in bloom, […] … Read More
6 Reasons for Going with Jim's Mowing Franchise
There are a number of advantages to being involved in the Jim's Mowing System. Being number one gives Jim's Mowing Franchisees a huge advantage when it comes to work. As a group at most times of the year we have more work than they can handle, in fact, around 30,000 jobs go unserviced each year. […] … Read More
Jim's Mowing and Gardening Services in Darwin
- Darwin Contract Mowing
- Darwin Gardeners
- Darwin Gardening Services
- Darwin Gutter Cleaning
- Darwin Landscaping
- Darwin Lawn Mowing
- Darwin Rubbish Removal
NT Suburbs Index
Lawn Mowing Suburbs in Darwin Region
- Bayview Haven Lawn Mowing
- Bayview Lawn Mowing
- Berrimah Lawn Mowing
- Brinkin Lawn Mowing
- Charles Darwin Lawn Mowing
- Coonawarra Naval Base Lawn Mowing
- Coonawarra Lawn Mowing
- Darwin City Lawn Mowing
- Darwin Raaf Lawn Mowing
- Darwin Lawn Mowing
- Dinah Beach Lawn Mowing
- East Arm Lawn Mowing
- Elrundie Lawn Mowing
- Finniss River Lawn Mowing
- Gardens Hill Lawn Mowing
- Gardens Park Lawn Mowing
- Hidden Valley Lawn Mowing
- Mindil Beach Lawn Mowing
- Port Darwin Lawn Mowing
- Railway Dam Lawn Mowing
- Stuart Park Lawn Mowing
- The Gardens Lawn Mowing
- The Narrows Lawn Mowing
- Tivendale Lawn Mowing
- Winnellie Lawn Mowing
- Wishart Lawn Mowing
- Woolner Lawn Mowing


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In this course, you will :
- This course surveys the diversity, structure and functioning of California's ecosystems through time and the ways they have influenced and responded to human activities and stewardship.
- Topics include ecosystem drivers such as climate, soils, and land use history; human and ecological prehistory of the state; comparative marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystem dynamics; and managed ecosystems such as range, fisheries and agriculture in California.
- The course also emphasizes important skills to understand as a scientist or consumer of scientific information, including data collection, natural history, and writing.


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Staff Writer
AUGUSTA, Ga. -- Authorities are investigating after a thief at an east Georgia shopping mall made off with a bagful of women's unmentionables.
Richmond County sheriff's officials say a thief stole 200 pairs of panties from Victoria's Secret in Augusta Mall before noon Saturday. Security video shows a male entering the store and stuffing the underwear into a large shopping bag.
Authorities say he left without paying for the merchandise, valued at $1,900.


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This is a series highlighting folks who identify as Radical Doulas. Are you interested in being part of the series? Go here to provide your responses to the profile questions and I'll include you!
Ynanna Djehuty is an Afro-Dominican woman born and raised in the Bronx. She is a writer and certified birth doula. She is a member of the International Center for Traditional Childbearing (ICTC), and a sister of Mu Sigma Upsilon Sorority, Inc. The focus of her work is the empowerment of women and people of the African Diaspora, specifically discussing the Afro-Latina Identity. She utilizes her experience as a birth doula to raise awareness on maternal and infant health for women, highlighting the disparities in the healthcare system in the United States for women of color. She is studying to become a midwife to continue to advocate for women and their overall well-being. Contact her at email@example.com.
What inspired you to become a doula?
What is your doula philosophy and how does it fit into your broader political beliefs?
Birth is a natural part of life. It is a very important moment for a woman and her family. In a matter of moments, a new being is brought into the world and a mother is born. I believe in natural birth. I have my own personal views that I only share with the women I serve, but to put it briefly, I am against unnecessary interventions. I believe in compassionate use of epidurals but encourage women to trust and work with the pain. I believe that if the mother and child are truly in danger, a medical team should absolutely do everything they can to ensure a safe delivery. I am against unnecessary Cesarean sections and believe they should occur in emergency situations, as there are more risks involved that the mother only finds out after the fact.
With all that said, my opinions do not matter when it comes to caring for the woman. I honor and respect all the mother's views and decisions – it's not about me, it's all about her. I believe in working as a team with the mother and partner/family so that they are her familiar face and I am the objective, nurturing and continuous non-medical support in the room. My focus prenatally is asking the mother questions about her mental and emotional state of being. True preparation for birth is moreso understanding a woman's fears, concerns, hopes and dreams than whether or not she knows all the medical parts of what is going on. I believe the mother should be as informed as possible about the medical and physiological part of birth, but also have witnessed all that information and all that she learned in classes fly right out the window when the most important thing becomes focusing on delivering a child and getting in tune with herself, managing her contractions and breathing.
This level of respect carries over into all my work, where I recognize the disenfranchisement of marginalized groups such as women, Afro-descendants and impoverish people. Basic human rights, access to information and self-determination is often obstructed by de jure (by law) and de facto (by fact) discrimination. Oppression such as this for generations has an impact on the holistic health of our communities, and thus respecting the humanity of people, their right to choose and determine their life outcomes is the platform of all my political beliefs. Furthermore, as it relates to women and within that, marginalized women, having sovereignty over their lives is a radical and revolutionary act in a world that seeks to silence us.
What is your favorite thing about being a doula?
I love being able to share such an important moment in the life of a family. It is a life affirming charge that fills me with hope every time I assist a women in empowering herself.
If you could change one thing about birth, what would it be?
My biggest gripe with the state of birthing is the overmedicalization of it. I would love to reduce the amount of medical interventions that occur to just necessary and emergency situations.


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Stay-at-home date ideas for after the wedding
You don't have to go out to have a fun or romantic evening with your new spouse. Check out these stay-at-home ideas for your next date night.
Tournament of games: Challenge your special someone to a night of friendly competition by playing classic board games, video games, card games or even ping-pong.
Enjoy a fire: Have a romantic evening at home in front of the fire place – with maybe even some marshmallows to roast – with your date for a relaxing evening at home.
Sample cheese and wine: Set up your own cheese and wine tasting event at home for just the two of you.
Cook dinner: Cooking dinner together can make for a romantic evening. Try one of your favorite recipes or be adventurous and try something new.
Have a picnic in your yard: Pack up a basket of food, grab a blanket and head out to your yard for a quiet and romantic picnic.
Look at the stars: On a clear night, go stargazing with your date in the back yard and see how many constellations you can spot.
Have a movie marathon: Snuggle up on the couch and pop in your favorite movies. They can be new releases or even childhood classics.
Take a trip – in your home: Pick a foreign destination and let it set the agenda for your evening. If you select Italy, find a movie that takes place in Italy, get a good Italian wine, cook Italian food for dinner and enjoy your quick escape.
Enjoy a candlelight dinner: A classic but romantic stay-at-home date is a candlelight dinner. Get a bottom of wine, either cook or get take out, and enjoy each other's company in the privacy of your home.


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Cheering up your mood is not at all a trivial matter. But with the Girls knows the ways to do it just right. It is their warmth in touch and friendly behavior that will make you mesmerize to the utmost possible extent. Whether it is your frustration or tension in personal and professional life, share it with these smart ladies and in no time, you will get a solution that is entirely worth your time. The Call Girls in Raipur are now increasingly used by their clients to take care of their corporate guests. The duty is naturally, laced with heavy responsibility. In the case the guest is dissatisfied with the manner or the absence of it can cost very dear. They can engage the guest in extended and intelligent discussion and they can also give them company in corporate parties and set the party on fire making the guest under the limelight. You will enjoy your scheduled time beyond your imagination. What do you want beauty? You will get it. The charm, the intelligence, the wit, the compassion, it's the all in one solution. You cannot demand more. You will get the total positivity associated with the life itself.
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Call Girls in Raipur
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Call Girls in Raipur & Escort Service in Raipur Call
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Why Shweta Malik is the best Call Girl in Raipur?
I am Shweta Malik Ghosh a call girl in Raipur I am a prostitute who serves you for your enjoyment, I provide both incall and outcall in hotel room services and I do not display my profession to the general public, I am usually work in an organization which I love brothels though and have been working independently as a escort in Raipur for the past 2 years. I am fit, sexy and of 22 only, call me any time my manager will book my slot for you.
The escorts who are available in the city are all meant for enjoyment and entertainment; basically people who are suffering from different kind of mental pressures such as depression, tensions and stresses are the ones who need of such kinds of enjoyable nightstands with beautiful and gorgeous Raipur Independent Escorts. During your nightstand you will easily be able to enjoy some of the many escorting activities and you will find out the escorts serving you in the city would be the ones who are all equipped with all necessary ingredients such as their beautiful appearance, intelligence and physical pleasures consisted of warm body massages, sexual pleasures, dinner with your preferred girl to reputed hotels and visiting to nightclubs where you will have fun. Characteristic features of the Raipur Escort Service


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I had the pleasure to give a new talk today, on design in functional programming — types, abstractions and monads — using the motivating example of scripting. The slides are below and a PDF version is available.
Shell scripts are often a quick, dirty way to get the job done. You glue
together external tools, maybe do a little error checking and process all data
as strings. This is great for some very simple problems but as requirements
change and more is demanded from the code shell scripts become unwieldy and
fragile. When they get large, they become slow and difficult to maintain. If
you need to write robust code then shell is not the way to go.
In this talk at an alternative: how to use Haskell as a type checked and
natively compiled language for scripting tasks. By refining the semantics of
the problem domain, employing abstraction, we produce shorter and more robust
code, that is more maintainable and scalable.


text: Sunplus Technology Co., Ltd. (TWSE: 2401, LSE: SUPD), established in 1990, is a leading chip provider for multimedia and automotive applications such as DVD player, portable DVD player, home entertainment audio products, car infotainment and advanced driving assistance system(ADAS). Meanwhile Sunplus is offering high-speed I/O IP, high performance data conversion IP, and analog IP for a broad range of applications on consumer, portable, and connected devices for Sunplus has been accumulating strong IP technologies on consumer and multimedia segments. Sunplus is headquartered in Taiwan and has service offices in Shanghai, Shenzhen and Chengdu. For more information, please visit Sunplus website at www.sunplus.com.


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Revision as of 06:17, 3 September 2015
- 1 EOMA-68 Introduction
- 2 EOMA-68 Specification
- 3 Pinouts (version 1.0)
- 4 Start-up procedure
- 5 Future Versions
- 6 Deliberate Mechanical Non-interoperability
- 7 Physical Dimensions
- 8 Thermal Considerations
- 9 Header Connectors
- 10 Example Motherboards
- 11 Contact and Discussion
- 12 Slides
EOMA-68 Introduction
The purpose of the EOMA68 specification is to bring simple robust mass-produced CPU Cards to end-users. To make end-users lives easier, purchasing decision-making should be made not on technical interface capabilities, neither should they be expected to have significant technological expertise. This is the primary reason why EOMA specifications have no optional interfaces of any kind. For this reason, for the lifetime of the specification (anticipated to be at least a decade) all CPU Cards compliant with the EOMA68 specification will be compatible with all compliant "Chassis" (Note: "chassis" is the term used to describe a product into which a CPU Card is plugged).
The trade-off between choosing a single-board design or even another modular form-factor is as follows:
- EOMA-68 products will not use all of the integrated functions of single-board designs, automatically resulting in minor cost increases for products.
- However, single-board designs are typically throw-away products where the lifetime of the product is critically dependent on an extremely fast-changing market.
- Single-board designs are typically throw-away hermetically-sealed products with neither user-serviceable nor user-replaceable parts
- EOMA-68 products are user-upgradeable. The Chassis can be kept out of landfill - kept in useful service - for the lifetime of its components. Only the CPU Card need be upgraded at a much lower cost than a single-board design in order to continuously give the product a new lease of life.
- EOMA-68 CPU Cards can be shared by the same end-user across multiple products, automatically resulting in a cost saving that far outweighs the minor overhead of a single EOMA68 system when compared to a single hermetically-sealed throw-away product.
- Old Chassis and CPU Cards can be re-purposed instead of discarded as e-waste.
- Q-Seven and other similar standards are not realistically user-upgradeable (not for the average person) because products require tools, technical knowledge in the selection of replacement parts, and expert knowledge in the handling of electronics before opening the case.
- EOMA68 products are upgraded by pushing a button and popping out the module: it literally takes seconds to install a new CPU Card.
So the benefits for end-users are very clear: EOMA-68 is easily understandable long-term investment for its end-users with significant long-term cost savings and reductions in e-waste. The benefits for factories are very clear: CPU Cards aggregated across multiple products means much better bulk purchasing power, and Chassis can also continue to be produced without requiring redesigns pretty much until the components go end-of-life.
No other modular computing standard available today has been designed with these aims in mind.
EOMA-68 Specification
This page describes the specification of EOMA-68. The number of pins on the interface is 68; the physical form-factor is the legacy PCMCIA.
Re-purposing of the PCMCIA interface and form-factor has been chosen to create portable mass-volume (100 million units and above) Embedded Computing Modules (Computer on Module). Mass-volume "Lowest Common Denominator" interfaces have been chosen, all of which have existed for over a decade, but are low-power enough to be standard across virtually all mass-produced powerful Embedded CPUs.
The interfaces are:
- 24-pin RGB/TTL (for LCD Panels and DVI/VGA/HDMI or other display conversion ICs)
- 1st USB (Low Speed, Full Speed, optionally Hi Speed/480 Mbit/s and optionally USB3)
- 2nd USB (Low Speed, Full Speed, optionally Hi Speed/480 Mbit/s)
- 10/100 Ethernet (optionally 1,000 ethernet)
- 8 pins of General-purpose Digital I/O (GPIO) with multiplexing to SD/MMC and SPI on 6 pins
- 1 pin "External Interrupt" capable GPIO that will generate a fast hardware interrupt to the SoC
- SD/MMC (and down-level compatibility to SPI) multiplexed with 6 of the GPIO pins.
- TTL-compatible UART (Tx and Rx only).
These interfaces are NOT OPTIONAL for CPU Cards. All CPU Cards MUST provide all interfaces. I/O Boards on the other hand are free to implement whichever interfaces are required for the device. For example: whilst all CPU Cards must have an Ethernet interface, devices such as tablets or laptops into which CPU Cards are plugged are not required to have an ethernet port. The only exception is I2C (due to the EOMA-68 identification EEPROM): it is mandatory for all I/O Boards to provide an EOMA-68 identification EEPROM.
Exactly like legacy PCMCIA Cards, EOMA-68 CPU Cards may have absolutely any functions, any additional connectors, peripherals and so on without limitation, except for compliance with the EOMA-68 pinouts and physical size constraints. These additional functions, which may include access ports in the casework, may extend outwards from the user-facing end of the CPU Card to any practical extent, exactly as with legacy PCMCIA.
Background to Interface Selection
The interfaces have been specifically chosen because they are either essential or they are multi-purpose buses, and surprisingly they are perfectly adequate despite being Lowest Common Denominator across a wide range of CPUs for at least a decade. The goal here is not to attain ultra-high-speed latest-and-greatest performance but to use proven, long-established interfaces that will be easy to find parts for mass-volume appliances in potentially hundreds of millions of units and above.
Also, some graceful degradation through negotiation at the hardware level is not only desirable but is an essential distinctive and unique feature of the EOMA68 standard, because it dramatically simplifies the "sales pitch" as well as the engineering design, user card selection ("just get one of these, plug it into any product, it will work") and so on whilst at the same time ensuring that the range of SoCs that can be used is significantly diverse and future-proof.
- I2C - I2C is only two wires, is a global bus that can address multiple devices, and is a long-established proven Industry Standard with thousands of devices available.
- USB - USB2 is only two wires; USB3 is six. USB, like I2C, is a global bus that can address multiple devices and is a long-established proven Industry Standard.
- Ethernet - 10/100/1,000 Ethernet was chosen because it is prevalent on the majority of computing devices. In the case where chosen CPUs do not have Ethernet, a USB-to-Ethernet converter IC such as the SMSC LAN9500 can be deployed.
- RGB/TTL - 24-pin RGB/TTL was chosen over LVDS or MIPI so as to keep the cost down, and also to keep the signal speed down. Whilst LVDS seems initially to be a good candidate, Single-Channel LVDS is unsuitable for driving 1,920×1,080p60 LCD Panels: most 1,920×1,080 LCD panels require between 2 and 3 LVDS drivers. MIPI also requires multiple parallel channels to achieve higher data rates. Any low-cost CPU chosen which did not have LVDS or MIPI would be forced to add a converter chip, potentially on both sides of the interface (CPU card as well as motherboard). So it makes sense to choose the proven, lower-speed, reliable 24-pin interface, thus making the EOMA-68 Standard suitable for use even with ultra-low-cost 320×240 RGB/TTL LCD Panels, right the way up to HDTV screen sizes.
- SD/MMC - SD/MMC has a 4-pin, 2-pin, 1-pin and SPI mode. Transfer speed negotiation is possible at the hardware level. SPI can even be implemented as "bitbanging"
Note however in systems design that with the cost of mass-volume integrated SoCs dropping so significantly, the cost of deploying a SoC with USB-based (or other) peripheral ICs to make up for the lack of EOMA68-compliant interfaces (usually Ethernet or SATA) often exceeds the cost of competitor SoCs that do have the full complement of interfaces. An example is the Allwinner A20 (appx $7 in volume) vs e.g. a T.I $5 SoC or an Allwinner A13, neither of which have SATA or Ethernet. The addition of a USB-to-SATA Interface can add $1 to the BOM, whilst a USB-to-Ethernet IC can add $2. Given that a 4-port Hub IC would be required as well (an extra $1.50), it becomes clear that the A20 would win against the low-cost T.I SoC as well as against Allwinner's own low-cost A13 SoC on price, performance, reliability and power consumption.
Requirements for USB
All CPU Cards are required to support the full backwards-compatible auto-negotiation USB device capabilities and speeds of all former versions of the USB Interface, up to the maximum speed and capabilities chosen to be provided. Specifically:
- Providing USB Low Speed (version 1.0 - 1.5 Mbit/s) is acceptable.
- Providing USB Full Speed (version 1.1 - 12 Mbit/s) is acceptable if Low Speed is also provided.
- Providing USB Hi Speed (version 2.0 - 480 Mbit/s) is acceptable if Full Speed and Low Speed are also provided.
- Over the 1st USB port, providing USB Super Speed (version 3.0 - 5 Gbit/s) is acceptable if all lower speeds are also provided.
- Providing a higher version only and supporting no lower speeds is not acceptable.
- Providing no USB 3.0 is acceptable.
Chassis (devices) must support up to a maximum chosen USB specification and all speeds below. This guarantees that any CPU Card will work with any device, with any combination auto-negotiating to the maximum possible speed.
Requirements for Ethernet
All CPU Cards are required to support the full auto-negotiation capabilities of Ethernet, up to the maximum speed chosen to be provided. Specifically:
- Providing 10 Mbit/s Ethernet is acceptable
- Providing 100 Mbit/s Ethernet and down-negotiation to 10 Mbit/s Ethernet is acceptable
- Providing 100 Mbit/s Ethernet only is not acceptable
- Providing 1,000 Mbit/s Ethernet is acceptable as long as down-level negotiation to both 100 Mbit/s and 10 Mbit/s is also provided
- Providing 1,000 Mbit/s Ethernet only is not acceptable.
Chassis (devices) must also support up to a maximum chosen Ethernet specification and all speeds below. This guarantees that any CPU Card will work with any device, with any combination auto-negotiating to the maximum possible speed.
Requirements for RGB/TTL
The RGB/TTL output is the one point where close attention has to be paid on the part of the CPU Card designers, because of the variance between devices in which the CPU Cards will be plugged. This will need careful monitoring and may warrant a "Certification Programme" to ensure that CPU Cards are compliant with a wide range of devices.
- RGB/TTL is a parallel data bus, potentially running at up to 125 or even 150mhz. To ensure that the parallel signals are not skewed, both CPU Cards and I/O Boards MUST ensure that the length of the RGB/TTL tracks (data, HSYNC, VSYNC, CLK and DE) leading to the 68-pin connector - on either side of the 68-pin connector - are all of equal length. It is recommended that both the source (e.g the CPU) and the sink (e.g an LVDS IC) are placed as close to the 68-pin connector as possible.
- CPU Cards must provide software-programmable support for anywhere between 190x120 RGB-TTL resolutions all the way up to the maximum that they are capable of, with the maximum resolution being clearly marked on both the CPU Card, as well as the retail packaging in which it is sold.
- CPU Cards should support up to at least 1920x1080 at at least 50fps. However, some ultra-low-cost SoCs, especially those designed for mobile devices, only support up to XGA or WXGA resolutions. The use of such SoCs is not entirely recommended.
- EOMA-68's RGB/TTL interface is 24-bit-wide. If a particular SoC only has e.g. 18-bit or 15-bit RGB/TTL then the LSB (lower) bits MUST be set to logic output level 0 when the LCD interface is enabled: they must NOT be left floating or tri-state. This ensures that devices which are expecting the full 24-bits do not receive noise on the lower bits of each of the R,G and B 8-bit inputs.
Although there is no reason why individual devices should not have more than one LCD screen, allowing them to be selected, the burden of complexity for screen selection is placed onto the CPU Card software, so any company planning such a multi-screen device should contact the authors of the EOMA-68 specification (email@example.com). Realistically, multi-screen devices should consider instead using USB-based screen driver technology such as that from DisplayLink, or place any number of additional Display outputs onto the user-facing end of the CPU Card (most CPU Cards will at least have a Micro-HDMI output).
Requirements for I2C
These are the requirements for provision of I2C on an EOMA-68 interface. The summary is that the I2C bus must not be shared with any peripherals on the CPU Card, and the CPU Card must be able to read an on-board EEPROM (at address 0x51).
- The I2C bus that is connected to the EOMA-68 interface will expect to have access to an EEPROM that is addressable (readable) at I2C address 0x51.
- Additionally, there MUST NOT be any devices on the I2C bus on the CPU Card side. The reason is that all other addresses (other than 0x51) must be available for peripherals on the I/O Board.
- If a CPU Card needs to connect internally to any I2C peripherals on the PCB inside the CPU Card, the CPU Card MUST use a completely separate I2C bus (internally), NOT the one that is connected to the EOMA-68 Interface. i.e. the I2C bus that is connected to the EOMA-68 interface MUST remain completely dedicated to EOMA-68, and MUST NOT be shared with any peripherals on the CPU Card itself.
- The EEPROM MUST NOT be used for the storage of user data: it is reserved exclusively for EOMA-68.
Please note that there is considerable confusion over the definition of addresses in I2C. The discussion page has some clarification over what consititutes an address (7-bit) and what goes into the first 8 bits (7-bit address plus 1 bit indicating read or write). Adding to the confusion it is extremely common to find datasheets even from respectable companies that directly contradict the I2C specification.
Below is an example circuit showing an AT24C64 with the address set appropriately to 0x51. PLEASE NOTE that the AT24C64 datasheet INCORRECTLY misleads people to believe that the addresses are 0xA2 (for read) and 0xA3 (for write).
Requirements for UART
Strange as it may seem to have requirements for UART this section covers practical issues regarding protection of CPU Cards. When designing I/O Boards it is important to take into consideration that many embedded SoCs do not have proper UART buffering. Typically if the SoC is powered down but the I/O Board continues to be powered up such that it continues to provide a positive voltage to the UART "RX" line this can potentially result in power leakage through the SoC and on to other areas of the PCB. It is therefore critical that I/O Boards ensure that this does not happen.
As this problem is to be taken care of on the I/O Board it is worth observing that CPU Cards do not require UART buffering. They may however require level shifting: the signal levels are, like all other Digital I/O in EOMA68, expected to be 3.3v.
Below is an example circuit which can be used to protect the UART-RX line, using MOSFETs.
Here is another example that uses schottky diodes. D1 is to reduce the voltage slightly so that it will be below the 3.3v level that is internally supplied to the CPU Card. The same effect could reasonably be achieved using a resistor-divider bridge.
There are also other options such as the use of a MAX2322 RS232 buffer IC. Other options can be found here.
Requirements for SD/MMC and SPI
SD/MMC is a little strange in that it has hardware backwards-compatibility down to SPI in most controllers, but even if a hardware controller does not it is still possible to emulate SPI using "bitbanging". As bit-banging is quite CPU-intensive, and the transfer speed of SPI is 25mhz, designers of CPU Cards as well as designers of I/O Boards need to take this into consideration. It is therefore recommended that CPU Card designers either provide the full interoperable functionality (SD/MMC as well as SPI mode) or provide a means by which the hardware functionality is multiplex-routed to the 6 I/O pins whilst at the same time ensuring that the same 6 pins can be fully bi-directional as GPIO, (for example by using a small FPGA). As this latter option would be quite complex, it is best to provide the full functionality instead.
It is also critical to bear in mind that the pins MUST be shared (multiplexed) with bi-directional GPIO as noted in the EOMA-68 pinouts table. When designing the hardware, it must be taken into consideration that the option to switch all or any of the pins from GPIO to SD/MMC or SPI, including selecting 4-pin, 2-pin or 1-pin mode whilst the remaining unused pins are made available as GPIO, MUST be available at all times (i.e. not just as a boot-time option but dynamically at run-time).
For most SoCs these requirements are not burdensome: most SoCs already have multiplexed SD/MMC with bi-directional GPIO, where selection is programmable dynamically both at boot-time and run-time , and they support all modes of SD/MMC as well.
Pinouts (version 1.0)
These pinouts make no attempt to be electrically or electronically compatible with the legacy PCMCIA standard. 8 GPIO pins, 24-pin RGB/TTL, USB2, I2C, 10/100/1000 Ethernet and SATA-III interfaces are included in the Version 1.0 specification. Note: USB2, SATA-III and Ethernet MUST support auto-negotiation, and MUST support the lower capabilities (USB 1, USB 1.1, SATA-I, SATA-II, 10/100 Ethernet). Higher speeds and capabilities are optional.
Four 5.0 V power inputs must be provided: all pins are rated at 0.5 A, so the maximum power dissipation is limited to 10 watts. Design consideration: please note that to ensure that thermal dissipation in an enclosed fanless situation is not exceeded, a maximum of 3.5 watts should be respected, or the card must contain its own fan (not recommended). Most systems will not have active cooling.
All High-speed signals (USB2, Ethernet, SATA-III) are balanced lines that are still separated using GND or Power pins. All other pins are low frequency, with the exception of the LCD Pixel Clock and Pixel Data pins, which could go as high as 125 MHz for 1,920×1,080 @ 60fps (not recommended). The eight GPIO pins are available, for general-purpose bi-directional use of digital data only.
The output from the 24-pin LCD RGB/TTL pins must be electrically compatible with a Texas Instruments SN75LVDS83B, which has electrical characteristics of 3.3 V TTL but requires 5 V TTL tolerance. Typical TTL high-level voltage is 2.0 volts; threshold is 1.4 V; low-level TTL voltage is 0.8 V.
Also, because the GPIO pins can be reconfigured individually bi-directional for any digital purposes, they must be made to be 5 V TTL tolerant and tri-state isolated, and Motherboards also must be 5.0 V TTL tolerant as well as tri-state isolated. Levels when any GPIO pin is used either as an input or as an output should again operate at nominal 3.3 V TTL levels, thus expect "high" voltage of 2.0 volts, threshold of 1.4 V and "low" voltage of 0.8 V, but must accept voltages from 0–5 V.
The option for a CPU Card to provide Gigabit Ethernet is also available, if a given system has it. If, however, a particular system does not have Gigabit Ethernet, the pins must not be used for other purposes, and must be left unconnected (floating). This is to ensure that automatic negotiation of 100/1000 Ethernet occurs correctly.
The option for a CPU Card to provide USB3 is also available, if a given system has it. If, however, a particular system does not have USB3, the pins must not be used for other purposes, and must be left unconnected (floating). Additionally, I/O Boards must not use the unused pins for any other purpose and must leave them unconnected (floating). This is to ensure that automatic down-negotiation of USB2 occurs correctly and that damage does not occur to USB3-capable CPU Cards when plugged into I/O Boards with only USB2 capability.
Pin 22 is available for implementations to use for any special non-EOMA68-compliant purpose. I/O Boards MUST NOT rely on any specific card implementation providing any specific functionality on pin 22. Examples of appropriate uses for Pin 22 include start-up selection of a boot mode that is specific to a processor so that it is more convenient for a factory install to be able to re-flash and test an Operating System without needing to open up the case. Inappropriate uses are for example using Pin 22 as a 9th GPIO or as a One-Wire Bus, because not all I/O Boards will provide this exact same functionality.
Note also: for factory-install purposes, cards are of course permitted to use all and any pins, ports or methods required to carry out factory-installs and testing, as long as after factory-install the 68 pins are capable of EOMA-68 compliance. Examples of such uses would include a test-bench with an SD/MMC interface for first firmware boot, a JTAG interface and other diagnostics.
Table of EOMA-68 pinouts
|Row 1
|Row 2
|* 2 LCD Pixel Data bit 18 (Blue2)
|* 36 LCD Pixel Data bit 19 (Blue3)
|* 3 LCD Pixel Data bit 20 (Blue4)
|* 37 LCD Pixel Data bit 21 (Blue5)
|* 4 LCD Pixel Data bit 22 (Blue6)
|* 38 LCD Pixel Data bit 23 (Blue7)
|* 6 LCD Pixel Data bit 10 (Green2)
|* 40 LCD Pixel Data bit 11 (Green3)
|* 7 LCD Pixel Data bit 12 (Green4)
|* 41 LCD Pixel Data bit 13 (Green5)
|* 8 LCD Pixel Data bit 14 (Green6)
|* 42 LCD Pixel Data bit 15 (Green7)
|* 10 LCD Pixel Data bit 2 (Red2)
|* 44 LCD Pixel Data bit 3 (Red3)
|* 11 LCD Pixel Data bit 4 (Red4)
|* 45 LCD Pixel Data bit 5 (Red5)
|* 12 LCD Pixel Data bit 6 (Red6)
|* 46 LCD Pixel Data bit 7 (Red7)
|* 13 LCD Pixel Clock
|* 47 LCD Vertical Synchronization
|* 14 LCD Horizontal Synchronization
|* 48 LCD Pixel data enable (TFT) output
|* 15 I2C Clock (SCL)
|* 49 I2C Data (SDA)
|* 25 ---- not used ---- / USB3 StdA_SSRX-
|* 59 ---- not used ---- / USB3 StdA_SSRX+
|* 26 ---- not used ---- / USB3 StdA_SSTX-
|* 60 ---- not used ---- / USB3 StdA_SSTX+
|* 27 ---- not used ---- / USB3 StdB_SSTX-
|* 61 ---- not used ---- / USB3 StdB_SSRX+
|* 28 ---- not used ---- / USB3 StdB_SSTX-
|* 62 ---- not used ---- / USB3 StdB_SSTX+
|* 30 1st USB2 (Data+)
|* 64 1st USB2 (Data−)
|* 66 VREF-TTL (GPIO TTL Voltage Reference)
|* 34 2nd USB2 (Data+)
|* 68 2nd USB2 (Data−)
Start-up procedure
It is required that all pins be disabled (floating tri-state) with the exception of the I2C Bus, the 5.0v Power and the Ground Pins. I2C Bus Master is then enabled, to search for an I2C EEPROM at address 0xA2. This EEPROM contains Linux Kernel "Device Tree" data, which specifies the devices available on the motherboard, as well as the actual pin-outs. The exact format of the EEPROM data is yet to be decided.
One important aspect of reading the I2C EEPROM is that the CPU card can then correctly access and initialise on-board devices. It also defines the purpose and use of the GPIO pins (if any are required). Also, the format of the LCD data is specified. For example, the pinout diagram on this page assumes 24-pin RGB TTL, but some motherboards may have LCD panels which only have an 18-pin RGB/TTL interface. The data in the I2C EEPROM therefore provides clear specifications on all the motherboard's peripherals.
Discussion of the startup procedure is here on arm-netbooks
Future Versions
All LCD and GPIO pins must be tri-state floating in order that future versions of this standard can provide faster (or merely alternative) interfaces. At the time of writing (2011), the interfaces in the 1.0 Specification are "Lowest Common Denominator" yet are still present across the majority of 2011's powerful embedded SoCs (OMAP4440, Enyxos4210, Tegra 3, iMX53, iMX6, Allwinner A10, A20 etc.) However, in the future, the "Lowest Common Denominator" could well comprise MIPI instead of RGB/TTL, 2 lane PCI-express (or its successor), and USB-3 instead of USB-2 (perhaps even a faster version of ULPI).
As of 2011 however, the total number of Embedded CPUs supporting all these newer interfaces and still keeping to a 1.5 watt budget is precisely zero. Support for these high-speed interfaces will therefore be re-evaluated in 2 to 3 years time, and a future version of this standard created when a large proportion of available embedded CPUs have these or other high-speed interfaces that are available at the time.
Deliberate Mechanical Non-interoperability
The re-use of the PCMCIA standard pinouts with no electrical or electronic compatibility requires mechanical means to ensure that newer cards cannot be inserted into legacy sockets. The proposed solution is therefore to deploy a fascia plate on the EOMA-68 card that is both larger in width than the standard 55 mm as well as recessed by some 8 mm, along the length of one of the 85 mm edges. The exact dimensions are yet to be determined, as specific PCMCIA housings need to be examined to ensure that one side can take the recessed "edge stop". The following part, PCMCIA Ejector Assembly from Tyco Electronics, is ideally suited: slimline and nothing at the left side.
Physical Dimensions
There are two sets of acceptable dimensions: as with the legacy PCMCIA interface, these must be backwards-compatible.
Type II
The physical dimensions are a maximum of "Type II" (i.e. 5mm maximum height). Cards should typically have all user-facing connectors "flush" with the standard PCMCIA size. This will ensure that when a Card is inserted into a device, the connectors of the CPU Card appear to be part of the actual device. However: devices should cater for the possibility that an EOMA-68 Card may have connectors sticking out of the end, to any practical height.
As the EOMA-68 pinouts have been designed to avoid matching the power lines of PCMCIA, there is no need for mechanical blocking.
Type III
Type III Cards have a maximum height of 8mm: this is typically reserved for x86-based CPUs which require up to 10 watts to operate. Motherboards that take the Type III cards must also accept the Type II lower-power cards.
TBC: Type III Cards should not assume that there will be fans available in the devices in which the cards are inserted, and should make arrangements for the removal of heat.
Thermal Considerations
In order to reduce the cost of Motherboards and system design, Type II Cards should not exceed an average of 3.5 watts power consumption for prolonged periods of time, despite there being provision for up to 10 watts on the EOMA-68 connector.
CPU Cards and Motherboards that support the Type III 8mm-high cards must be designed with a Thermal Dissipation capability that takes the 10 watt TDP into consideration, as well as taking into consideration the power consumption and heat generation of the devices used on the Motherboard as well. Whilst fan-based solutions are acceptable, the use of thermally-conductive copolymer plastics (some of which have thermal dissipation capabilities exceeding that of Aluminium) are recommended.
Header Connectors
Within the physical dimensions, there is absolutely no restriction on the number of connectors, interfaces, headers, expansion headers or antenna protruding from the end of the device. For example: a PCMCIA CPU card may typically have, for best useability, a Micro-HDMI, a USB-OTG, a 5-pin Audio Jack and a Micro-SD Card Slot. These four interfaces fit neatly within the 54 mm × 5.5 mm fascia plate size limit, as long as mid-mount connectors are used.
Also, on the actual EOMA-68 CPU Card PCB itself, there is no restriction on the number of expansion headers (populated or unpopulated) - the only consideration being that the EOMA-68 CPU card clearly cannot have expansion headers except for Engineers and Embedded Device Designers, and also have a metal shield installed around the EOMA-68 CPU card at the same time. However, there is no reason why the expansion headers should be unpopulated, supplied without a metal shield to Embedded Engineers, yet the exact same device shipped in mass-volume with a metal shield installed, for the average user.
The only issue to note is that there is a maximum power budget of about 10 watts (although there are four 5.0V 0.5A pins) but also that there is a practical maximum power dissipation of EOMA-68 cards of about 4 watts. There is no provision in the standard for air-cooling (fans) in the cases: most devices will be a passive-cooled layout.
If however the EOMA-68 card is designed to operate "stand-alone", for example by being provided with a Power Connector on its user-facing edge or by making use of USB-OTG, then of course the designers are free to disregard these constraints. If however the CPU card is also expected to operate inside a conformant device, then it must adjust accordingly and stick within the 4 watt heat dissipation budget.
Example Motherboards
Here is a list of example designs which conform the EOMA-68 Standard:
- Mini Engineering Board - suitable for Free Software Developers, ODM Development, SoC "Board Support Packages", Experimentation, Prototyping, Electrical Engineers, Training and R&D purposes.
- Monster Engineering Board - suitable for ODM Development "Demonstration" Purposes: designed to be "cut down to size", requiring the minimum amount of CAD/CAM Development effort and maximising return on investment.
- The Obligatory Tablet - a simple tablet motherboard which could potentially be developed as a very low cost single-sided 2-layer PCB. Components are chosen to reduce development cost and risk, as well as reduce manufacturing cost.
- Laptop - a laptop motherboard which could potentially be developed as a very low cost single-sided 2-layer PCB, through the use of modular and optional components for WIFI and 3G.
- LCD (TV) - an LCD Monitor (or Picture Frame) which can be upgraded into a TV or an All-in-One Computer or an Internet TV or Personal Video Recorder or Media Centre. very versatile yet simple to do.
- Passthrough or "Blank" Card - a special type of card which simply passes through the connectors, with little or no signal conversion.
Contact and Discussion
For questions, comments and general discussion, please use arm-netbook mailing list
The FAQ is now on its own page.


text:
Emmons: Erin's Law 'a good piece of legislation'
A package of bills introduced last May by State Sen. Judy Emmons, R-Sheridan, aimed at strengthening protections against sexual abuse of children has been signed into law by Gov. Rick Snyder.
Erin's Law, named in honor of Erin Merryn, a sexual abuse survivor from Illinois, was sponsored by Emmons, along with State Sens. John Proos and Rebekah Warren. Those Senate Bills 1112-1114 are now Public Acts 593-595 of 2012.
"It's one of those issues that, unless people are personally affected, few people know about. We may never know who we've helped," said Emmons. "It wasn't a hot issue, and it took steady plodding along to get it done. To know that kids will be helped by it is gratifying."
The law directs school boards to adopt and implement policies addressing child sexual abuse, including educating and providing resources for students, staff and parents about the warning signs of sexual abuse, and providing resources and counseling for children affected by sexual abuse.
Schools could adopt age-appropriate curriculum for students in pre-kindergarten through fifth grade, train school personnel on child sexual abuse, and adopt policies about how to inform parents of the warning signs of abuse. Parents would be made aware of the curriculum and be able to "opt out" if they did not want their child involved.
The law also creates a one-time Task Force on the Prevention of Sexual Abuse of Children, composed of legislators, state officials and experts to make recommendations.
"Everyone involved in a school - staff, students and parents - needs to recognize the warning signs of sexual abuse," Snyder said. "We educate our children on how to say no to drugs, how to stay safe in a fire or tornado and how to avoid strangers. Unfortunately, sexual abuse is a reality for some children, and we need to provide age-appropriate education to encourage them to speak up and end the abuse."
The legislation was needed to protect children across the state from sexual abuse, which impacts 25 percent of girls and one of every seven boys, said Emmons. More than 90 percent of the time, sexual abuse survivors know their abuser, but child sexual abuse survivors often are afraid to come forward.
"Erin's Law is about eliminating that fear and ending the abuse," she said. "My bill (was) about protecting our children from sexual abuse and enabling parents to make the ultimate decision about the appropriateness of sexual abuse instruction for their young child."
Michigan joins Illinois, Indiana and Missouri in enacting Erin's Law to protect children from sexual predators. Similar legislation has also been introduced in New York, Minnesota, New Mexico, Maine, Iowa and Massachusetts.
"Every bill you introduce you hope you've done the right thing in effecting change," Emmons said. "This one, knowing it's going to affect children, who are so vulnerable, that they'll have a better understanding of what to do and who to tell, this one I'll want to remember and point to as a good piece of legislation."


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In our everlasting quest to find great products, great recipes and more – for our faithful readers – we scour the store shelves, the net, the cookbooks and SYR and I will even even experiment quite a bit. It's winter, it's cold outside and we need food that will warm and make us feel good as we come in from the chill. In such cases, soups all hit the spot.
From Pam Reiss" Soup – A Kosher Collection:
Chicken Gumbo Soup
Serves 12
- 1 small yellow onion, peeled and finely chopped
- 1 small green pepper, seeded and finely chopped
- 1 whole jalapeño, seeded and finely chopped
- 3 stalks celery, finely chopped
- 2 cups okra, washed, trimmed and cut into 3-4 pieces
- 1 1/2 tsp salt
- 1/4 tsp black pepper
- 1/4 tsp chilli powder
- 1-2 cloves garlic, crushed
- 1/2 cup olive oil.
- 1/4 cup all-purpose flour
- 1 Tbsp tomato paste
- 1 can diced tomatoes
- 8 cups stock
- 1 cup rice
- 1/2 lb cooked chicken, cut into 1/2 inch cubes
I use fresh okra in this recipe, but if you can't find it, you can use frozen. Don't be alarmed about the somewhat slimy juices okra gives off. All the sliminess will disappear as it cooks.
- Over medium heat, sauté the onion, pepper, jalapeño, celery, okra, salt pepper, chilli powder and garlic in olive oil for 5 to 7 minutes. The vegetables should wilt but not brown.
- Add the flour and cook for 2 to 3 minutes, stirring constantly.
- Add the tomato paste, diced tomatoes, and stock. Cover and bring to a boil, then reduce the heat to medium-low and simmer for another 15 minutes.
- Add the cooked chicken, and simmer until the chicken is heated through and the rice is tender.
I just had two bowls of this soup and found it absolutely delicious and warming. So… enjoy, gentle reader, enjoy!


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A copy of my remarks at the National Book Critics Circle's recent 35th anniversary celebration has been posted on the NBCC site, and if you're interested, you can find my comments here.
October 4, 2009
How Reviewing Opens Your Mind to Books — My Comments on the 35th Anniversary of the National Book Critics Circle
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Just like last time, I am simply impressed by the cute packaging that the baby bunch offers. The Crayon Rompers consists of 3 colorful onesies in the baby bunch crayon box.
The onesies are for babies 0 to 6 months old or up to 16 lbs. I think the Crayon Rompers makes a great gift for a baby shower or include it in a gift basket for a mother to be. These colorful onesies will be prefect for a baby girl or a baby boy.
In addition to the Crayon Rompers I received to review, The Baby Bunch also offers an assortment of adorable, beautiful gift packages. To buy the cute product I received to review or to check out the the baby bunch store, please visit its website.
Many thanks to The Baby Bunch. The company has generously offered the a Crayon Rompers gift box as a giveaway prize to one of my lucky readers (US residents only please).
How to enter:
In order to enter my giveaway, you MUST be a public follower of my blog through Google Friend Connect. To follow me, click on the "Follow" button on the right hand side of my blog. If you are not a follower and you enter my giveaway, ALL of your comments will be automatically forfeited.
1). Please go to the baby bunch and then come back to tell me about another product you would like to try (you MUST be a public follower of my blog to enter this giveaway, and your profile can not be set at private).
How to earn additional entries (please leave a separate comment for each additional entry):
2.) Blog about my giveaway- with a link back to here, when you leave the comment make sure you include the URL of where your post of my giveaway is. Please do not copy and paste my review over to your blog, please write about why you would like to win this giveaway and provide a link back to this post. The Contest ends August 12th, 2010 at 11:59pm PST. Blogging about my giveaway earns 2 additional entries.
3.) Add me as a friend on Facebook for 2 additional entries.
4.) Follow me on Twitter for 2 additional entries.
5.) Grab my button and display my button on your blog or website. Then come back to tell me what your website or blog address is, make sure to leave an url address so I can check it. Grabbing my button is worth 5 additional entries. If my button is not displayed on your homepage but it is posted elsewhere, you will not be eligible to win with your additional entries.
6.) Grab my "Back to school shopping guide" button and display my button on your blog or website. Then come back to tell me what your website or blog address is, make sure to leave an url address so I can check it. Grabbing my button is worth 5 additional entries. Please note that my html code is different from the one posted on familylicious, if the button on your site is not my html code, you will not be eligible to win with your additional entry. If my button is not displayed on your homepage but it is posted elsewhere, you will not be eligible to win with your additional entries.
7.) Retweet this review and giveaway by clicking on the "retweet" button on the bottom of this post. (Right next to where you click to leave me comments). After you retweet, please leave me the url of your tweet so I can check. If you do not know how to check your tweet url, please read this post for step by step instructions. You can retweet once a day for 1 entry each time. NOTE: You can only use the "retweet" button once. If you want to retweet everyday, please tweet the following: " I want to win The Baby Bunch Crayon Rompers@ http://www.sugarpopribbons.blogspot.com/ " for 1 additional entry per day (please leave me the url so I can verify your tweet).
8.) Comment on one of my non giveaway posts for 1 additional entry (leave me a comment here to let me know which post it is).
9.) Enter in any of my active giveaways for additional entries. You get one extra entry per other giveaway you enter. So enter 1 of my other giveaways for 1 additional entry or 10 other giveaways to 10 extra entries. When you leave me a comment for your additional entry, be sure to let me know which giveaway it is so I can check.
Read the fine print:
* Lucky winner or winners will be selected through True Random Number Generator.
* If your profile page does not show your email address, please include your email address in your comment. For example: sugarpopribbons at yahoo dot com -- so that I may get in touch with you if you are selected as the giveaway winner.
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* I do contact each winner via email. If anyone is curious about who the giveaway winner is for any of my giveaways, please go back to the original post of that giveaway. Once a winner is selected through random.org, I will post a screen shot of the the number random.org picked. You will be able to see which number has been selected and if you scroll down to the bottom of the page, you can cross check who the giveaway winner is.
*I received a free product (or products) for review purposes. I did not receive any form of compensation from the company. All opinions are my own and not influenced in anyway. My reviews are not always positive, but they are my personal and honest opinions. Other people's views and experiences with the product or products might be different from mine.


text:
(As required by TCA
30-2-306 as amended
by Chapter 886, Public
Acts of Tennessee)
Docket No. 17PB214
Estate of Delores
Newman Kuhaida,
Late of Anderson
County, Tennessee.
Notice is hereby given
that on August 11,
2017, Letters in respect
to the Estate of
Delores Newman Kuhaida,
deceased, who
died July 21, 2017
were issued to the undersigned
by the
Clerk and Master of
the Chancery-Probate
Court of Anderson
County, Tennessee.
All persons, resident
and non-resident,
having claims, mature
or unmatured against
the Estate are required
to file the same
in triplicate with the
Clerk and Master of
the above named
Court on or before the
earlier of the dates
prescribed in (1) or (2)
otherwise their claims
prescribed in (1) or (2)
otherwise their claims
will be forever barred.
(A) Four (4) months
from the date of the
first publication (or
posting as the case
may be) of this notice
if the creditor received
an actual copy
of this notice to creditors
at least sixty (60)
days before the date
that is four (4) months
from the date of the
first publication (or
posting); or (B) Sixty
(60) days from the
date the creditor received
an actual copy
of the notice to creditors
if the creditor received
the copy of the
notice less than sixty
(60) days prior to the
date that is four (4)
months from the date
of first publication (or
posting) as described
in (1) (A); or
Twelve (12) months
from the decedent's
date of death.
All persons indebted
to the above Estate
must come forward
and make proper settlement
with the undersigned
at once.
dersigned at once.
This August 11, 2017
Carrie Ann Sessions
Personal Representative
Harold P. Cousins Jr.
BY: Angela Buck,
Deputy Clerk
Estate of
Delores Newman Kuhaida
107 Pembroke Road
Oak Ridge, Tn 37830
Robert W. Wilkinson


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Real estate has long been seen as one of the most reliable investments you can make. But finding a property manager you can trust? That can be challenging, to say the least. Management services are frequently loaded with hidden costs - both financial and psychological - that can make you feel like you're "managing the property manager."
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Average rent for Cumnock, NC
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Great Jones goes above and beyond to find residents who will safeguard your property and provide a consistent income. We conduct deep background checks on each applicant, including criminal records, credit history, prior landlord debt, and more. We also pay for manual background checks (at no additional cost to you) in municipalities that don't keep electronic records. We'll review each applicant's eligibility against our robust resident screening and rental criteria. Then we help you make an informed, data-driven, compliant decision about who you entrust with your real estate investment.
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It should go without saying, but all of our vendors are fully licensed and insured. We work with a trusted local network of maintenance professionals in Lee whose work is pre-vetted to ensure it's high-quality. We've also pre-negotiated discounted rates on their work, for more cost savings that we pass on to you with zero markups.
When a job is completed, our team reviews it to ensure the quality is as high as it should be. We even ask tenants to rate their experience with vendors, for additional data points. This means we're constantly evaluating and adding new vendors to our network, to make sure they're responsive, polite, reliable, and efficient.
Standard HVAC Replacement Cost for Cumnock, NC
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When you work with Great Jones, you've got a partner for life. We'll manage your portfolio like it's our own property, with no exceptions or excuses.


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Wednesday, October 1. In Kentucky, Federals under General Don Carlos Buell reinforced towns along the Ohio River against the advancing Confederates under General Braxton Bragg. Confederate General John C. Pemberton replaced General Earl Van Dorn as commander of the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana. Pemberton's main task was to defend the stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River.
President Abraham Lincoln and advisors traveled to Harpers Ferry to confer with General George B. McClellan. Lincoln had been dissatisfied with McClellan's lack of activity since the Battle of Antietam 13 days ago. Federal Admiral David Dixon Porter replaced Charles Davis as commander of the new Mississippi Squadron. The Richmond Whig issued an editorial about the Emancipation Proclamation: "It is a dash of the pen to destroy four thousand millions of our property, and is as much a bid for the slaves to rise in insurrection, with the assurance of aid from the whole military and naval power of the United States."
Thursday, October 2. President Lincoln set up a tent besides George McClellan's at Army of the Potomac headquarters and estimated that the army contained 88,095 effectives. Skirmishing occurred at several points in Kentucky and Texas. Confederate troops under Generals Sterling Price and Earl Van Dorn advanced on Corinth, Mississippi.
Friday, October 3. In Mississippi, the Battle of Corinth occurred as Confederates reached the town from the northwest and attacked the Federals stationed there under General William S. Rosecrans. Confederate General Van Dorn hoped that defeating the Federals at Corinth would compel Federals to withdraw from western Tennessee and Kentucky to meet the threat. After hard fighting and piecemeal Confederate assaults, the Federals withdrew to stronger defenses closer to the city as night fell. In Maryland, President Lincoln continued conferring with George McClellan, referring to the Army of the Potomac as "General McClellan's bodyguard." The Confederate commerce raider Alabama captured three more prizes, prompting Federal shippers to plead for more government support.
Saturday, October 4. In Mississippi, the Battle of Corinth continued as the Confederates resumed attacks on the strong Federal defenses. After unsuccessful attacks and counterattacks, the Confederates finally withdrew to Chewalla, 10 miles northwest from Corinth. Confederate General Van Dorn had succeeded in preventing Federal reinforcements from reaching Kentucky, but he failed to capture Corinth, relieve Federal pressure in Tennessee, or destroy General Rosecrans's army. In Kentucky, Confederate General Bragg and others attended the inauguration of pro-Confederate Richard Hawes as governor at Frankfort. In Maryland, President Lincoln continued conferring with General McClellan and visited hospitals, camps, and battlefields before returning to Washington.
Sunday, October 5. In Mississippi, Rosecrans's Federals ineffectively pursued Van Dorn's Confederates. However, Federals under General E.O.C. Ord caught up with the Van Dorn at the Hatchie River in Tennessee, and severe fighting occurred until the Confederates withdrew to Holly Springs. This ended the Corinth campaign. In Texas, Federals captured Galveston without a fight and occupied the island. In Kentucky, Bragg's Confederates began withdrawing from the Bardstown area with Federal General Don Carlos Buell pursuing; Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith remained in the Frankfort area.
Monday, October 6. Disturbed by George McClellan's delays, President Lincoln sent him a wire through General-in-Chief Henry Halleck: "The President directs that you cross the Potomac and give battle to the enemy or drive him south. Your army must move now while the roads are good." In Kentucky, Bragg's Confederates moved toward Harrodsburg as Buell's Federals pursued.
Tuesday, October 7. In Kentucky, Buell's Federals approached the village of Perryville while the Confederates were divided between Perryville and Frankfort. Federal General Gordon Granger became the commander of the Army of Kentucky, and Federal General E.A. Carr became commander of the Army of the Southwest. Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard absorbed middle and eastern Florida into his southeastern command. In Great Britain, Chancellor of the Exchequer W.E. Gladstone proclaimed that Jefferson Davis and the Confederate leaders "have made a nation," and he anticipated Confederate success. His remarks were highly criticized in Britain and the U.S.


text: Search results Subscribe to an always-updated RSS feed. 2 items matching your search terms. Filter the results. Item type Select All/None Blog Entry Web Page Event Folder Link News Item Message Board Comment Forum Collection New items since Yesterday Last week Last month Ever Sort by relevance · date (newest first) · alphabetically Day against DRM by Jeanne Rasata — published Apr 28, 2015 — filed under: DRM Worldwide Located in FSF Events The W3C's Soul at Stake by Richard M. Stallman — published May 02, 2013 — last modified May 02, 2013 02:07 PM — filed under: W3C, DRM The World Wide Web consortium is considering a proposal to specify standards for HTML extensions to implement Digital Restrictions Management (DRM). The proposal is supported by Netflix, Microsoft, Google and the BBC. Located in Blogs / RMS