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The Midwest's Best Burgers
Our search for the best burgers
Everyone claims their burger as the best. But is it really? We researched Midwest award winners, asked our travel writers for the best they'd tried, nominated our own and came up with 130 finalists. Then we crafted a report card, hit the road and rated each one. Click ahead for our finds! We love all of these, so the list is alphabetical.
Melty, meaty and sublime
112 Eatery, Minneapolis Melty Brie and housemade sweet pickles top the only Burger ($9) on the menu at a chic restaurant with a James Beard Award rep. But the place isn't stuffy at all. English muffins do a dinner-time turn as burger buns (genius!), and you'll feel right at home dunking your fries in the tarragon aioli or a side of the kicky Sriracha mayonnaise. (612) 343-7696; 112eatery.com
Blanc Burgers and Bottles, Leawood, Kansas Kansas City's suburban foodies dig the meaty $100 Burger, a $14.95 concoction filled with red-wine-braised short ribs, but we also love the Inside Out, a $10.95 burger stuffed with blue cheese and topped with a fried egg and smoked applewood bacon. (913) 381-4500; blancburgers.com
The Blue Door Pub, Saint Paul The $6.50 Blucy is the neighborhood pub's take on Minnesota's favorite burger genre, the Juicy Lucy (made like a meat Ding Dong, with the cheese inside). Here, the char-grilled Angus beef patties dress up 10 ways; the Lumberjack comes stuffed with Gouda, bacon and a dash of cayenne then topped with maple syrup. In a word, sublime. (651) 493-1865; thebdp.com
Brasserie V, Madison, Wisconsin Fountain Prairie Farms' dry-aged Highland ground beef serves as the chef's canvas at a casual neighborhood bistro. The V Burger ($10) comes with battered onion straws, Muenster cheese, spinach, tomato and aioli on toasted Madison sourdough bread. Pair it with a dark, rich Belgian ale. (608) 255-8500; brasseriev.com
Pictured: Imported beers and European fare make Brasserie V feel like a fancy twist on a college bar, just blocks from the University of Wisconsin in Madison.
A seasonal stand and a sophisticated steak house
Christy Crème, Council Bluffs, Iowa Since 1954 locals have flocked to this seasonal hamburger stand (not to be confused with the doughnut chain) on the old Lincoln Highway for moist, lean burgers made with ground Omaha Steaks beef ($3.45). The thin 4-ounce patties appeal to diners who don't like fist-thick burgers. Don't leave without trying the homemade soft-serve sherbet. (712) 322-2778; christycreme.com
City Square Steakhouse, Wooster, Ohio Bite into a Mushroom-Swiss Burger ($9.50) topped with sauteed button mushrooms, Swiss and rosemary mustard at a sophisticated steak house in a historic district 60 miles south of Cleveland. Upgrade your side to the fries tossed in truffle oil and dusted with Parmesan. (330) 262-2489; citysquaresteakhouse.com
Pictured: Patrons at Christy Creme in Council Bluffs, Iowa, dip their fries in milk shakes.
Juicy and decadent
Dinker's, Omaha The decor hearkens to a 1970s bowling alley, and the popular Haystack Burger ($6.20) piles hand-pressed ground beef, American cheese, honey-smoked ham and a fried free-range egg on a kaiser bun. It's a well-seasoned handful that absolutely merits the Omaha's Best Burgers sign out front. (402) 342-9742; dinkersbar.com
Django, Des Moines A French brasserie with a killer wine and cheese list turns out the marvelously simple Le Cheeseburger ($9.99). It arrives hot off the grill and juicy, served on a South Union Bakery bun. Just as decadent, Django's white-cheddar-spiked Veggie Burger ($10) topped with crispy onions shatters fears about going green. (515) 288-0268; djangodesmoines.com
Pictured: Dinker's in Omaha serves amazingly juicy burgers.
Decisions, decisions
Dotty Dumpling's Dowry, Madison, Wisconsin We can't decide which burger we like better at this bar near the UW campus: the Melting Pot ($7.79), topped with cheddar, Swiss, provolone, bacon and English garlic sauce; or the Basil Mozzarella ($7.29), made with fresh mozzarella cheese, pesto and homemade roasted red pepper mayo. Bump up the indulgence with cheese curds, panko-breaded onion rings or a Dreamsicle float. (608) 259-0000; dottydumplingsdowry.com
Pictured: Pesto gives an herby finish to the Basil Mozzarella burger at Dotty Dumpling's Dowry.
Dig in
Duluth Grill, Duluth Local, organic, free-trade, gluten-free, vegetarian, flexitarian? Yep, those buzzwords rule here. Even the ketchup, lingonberry syrup and coffee mugs are locally made. All of that feels like a do-good bonus after you try the Garlic-Gouda Beef Burger($10.49). Thick buns with a hint of sweetness complement the slightly sweet and completely juicy grass-fed beef. And the roasted garlic? We couldn't get enough. (218) 726-1150; duluthgrill.com
Pictured: The Garlic-Gouda Burger at the Duluth Grill.
Destination burgers
Harry's, Manhattan, Kansas Bacon, mozzarella and ancho chile aioli top the slightly charred yet juicy $15 Kobe Burger. Hand-pattied and served on an onion bun toasted with foie gras herb butter, it's the only burger on the menu at this date-night favorite—but that's because you'll need no other. (785) 537-1300; harrysmanhattan.com
The Hill Seafood and Chop House, Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan Yes, it's turkey, but the lean cheddar-and-apple-studded Turkey Burger is no compromise. The $9 grilled wonder of flavor looks and feels like beef. It's a destination burger served on a George Hamilton-tanned brioche alongside homemade potato chips. And the setting feels like an elegant waterfront mansion. (313) 886-8101; thehillgrossepointe.com
HoDo Restaurant, Fargo, North Dakota The char-grilled third-of-a-pound Bison Burger ($10) topped with Wisconsin cheddar proves lean meat can ooze juice. The menu at the historic Hotel Donaldson lists nearly 30 local farmers, cheesemakers, beekeepers and ranchers, so you know the dish sings with freshness in a dining room that sports local artwork. (701) 478-1000; hoteldonaldson.com
Hot Chocolate, Chicago Yes, we showed up Saturday at 11:30 p.m., and the kitchen was closing at midnight. But the little Bucktown place known for its outstanding desserts was packed, and our sunny waitress gladly brought us a simply titled Hamburger ($15). Our toppings: four-year-old cheddar, organic bacon, slices of fire-engine-red tomato, housemade pickles. She said if we'd like, we could top it with a perfectly fried egg crisped around the edges. We did like. A lot. (773) 489-1747; hotchocolatechicago.com
Lewie's Saloon and Eatery, Lead, South Dakota Cattlemen say badly cooked meat insults the animal it came from. Well, the animals that give their lives for a Lewie's Burger do not die in vain. Beef flavor permeates every bite of the hand-pattied, oddly shaped burgers ($5.25), which arrive slightly pink and steaming in a restaurant that looks something like a Swiss biker bar. (605) 584-1324
Moxie the Restaurant, Beachwood, Ohio Don't let a vanilla-looking strip mall fool you. Herbed mayo marries mesclun, tomato, onion, Adams Reserve cheddar and a 6-ounce seasoned certified Angus beef patty flawlessly on the $11.75 Moxie Burger. (216) 831-5599; moxietherestaurant.com
Nick's Hamburger Shop, Brookings, South Dakota Settle onto a stool at this 83-year-old diner, and don't worry about what to order. A server lays down a piece of waxed paper—that's your plate—and says, "How many?" We polished off two of these little fried wonders in six bites before ordering two more—and rediscovered how much more pleasant it is to chat with strangers at a lunch counter than fiddle with a phone. (605) 692-4324; nickshamburgers.comPictured: In the historic Wareham Hotel, Harry's is a favorite special-occasion steak house.
Local faves
Pirogue Grille, Bismarck, North Dakota It's the best-kept secret in town. You have to sit in the bar at North Dakota's finest restaurant to order the $9 Minted Lamb Burger, made with locally raised meat and served on homemade focaccia topped with hummus and feta. One bite, and you'll become a believer. (701) 223-3770; piroguegrille.com
Redamak's, New Buffalo, Michigan The Hamburgers are cut, ground and pattied on-site then pan-fried, blanketed in Velveeta and wrapped in waxed paper ($5). They're not organic or artisanal, and the only toppings are ketchup, mustard, pickles and onion. We're addicted, and we're not alone. Along Lake Michigan, seasonal Redamak's seats 400; you'll still have to wait for a table. (269) 469-4522; redamaks.com
Pictured: The lamb burger at Pirogue Grille.
Picks of the day
Roquette Burger Bistro, Charlevoix, Michigan With its Bacon Jam Burger, this lunch-only cafe tops a lean-yet-flavorful patty made of locally sourced beef and bison with a slab of Brie, a smear of bacon-onion compote and a thatch of peppery arugula ($10). So in one bite, you get smoky-sweet-peppery-creamy perfection inspired by the farms that surround this popular tourist town. (231) 237-9016
Scotty's Lakehouse, Fishers, Indiana Meat, eggs and produce from nearby farms flavor 15 specialty burgers ($12-$13.50 each) at this family-friendly spot on Indianapolis' northeast side. The No. 9 boasts sauteed red onions, local baby Swiss, Scholars Inn Bakehouse sourdough and chipotle-Thousand Island dressing. Wash it down with a Hoosier-made brew, and finish it off with the Lemonheads that come with your check. (317) 577-2900; scottyslakehouse.com
Stack'd Burger Bar, Milwaukee Pack breath mints or order a crème de menthe-spiked grasshopper shake if you're trying the German Stack: a beer-brat patty stuffed with jalapeños and blue cheese, topped with tangy sauerkraut and stone-ground mustard, and served on a chewy pretzel roll ($10). Skip the fries in this Third Ward restaurant in favor of Harry's Fried Potent Pickle Coins, a salty, greasy revelation dunked in spicy ranch dip. (414) 273-7800; stackedbar.com
The Thurman Cafe, Columbus, Ohio Try to think of the two-hour wait for a table in German Village as time to work up your appetite for the $9.99 three-quarter-pound Thurman Burger, known for its sliced ham, sauteed mushrooms and onions, mozzarella and American cheeses, banana peppers and mayo. (614) 443-1570; thethurmancafe.com
Pictured: Fans of Roquette Burger Bistro follow the little cafe on Facebook to find out what's sprouting on local farms (and how that'll top the day's burgers).
Perfect marriage
Westport Flea Market Bar and Grill, Kansas City, Missouri Interior decor is not its claim to fame—calling it weathered would be accurate—but for 30 years, patrons have flocked here to order one of three burgers: a 5.5-ounce Mini ($6.49), a 10-ounce Burger ($7.99) or a Patty Melt ($7.65). Pick from five cheeses and fall for the McGonigle beef with the first hot bite. (816) 931-1986; westportfleamarket.com
Pictured: Curly fries snuggle alongside the Patty Melt at Westport Flea Market Bar and Grill in Kansas City, Missouri.
More burgers!
We tested 130 burgers for this story; these beg for top spots, too.
The Cozy Inn (pictured) Oniony sliders in Salina, Kansas, are a 90-year-old tradition. (785) 825-2699; cozyburger.com
The Greenhouse Tavern Melted raclette reigns in Cleveland. (216) 443-0511; thegreenhousetavern.com
Rusty Duck Juicy charbroiled ground steak satisfies in small-town Dexter, Iowa. (515) 789-4142
Stella's Bar and Grill Prepare for greasy goodness in Bellevue, Nebraska. (402) 291-6088; stellasbarandgrill.com
Duggan's Irish Pub Try the curry-sauced Big Chief in Royal Oak, Michigan. (248) 549-3659; dugganspub.com
Palmer Place A half-pound Angus on the rooftop patio? Paradise in La Grange, Illinois. (708) 482-7127; palmerslagrange.com
FarmBloomington An espresso-chile rub flavors the bison Lugar Burger in Bloomington, Indiana. (812) 323-0002; farm-bloomington.com
Sobelman's Fried jalapeños top a drippy mess in a classic Milwaukee bar. (414) 931-1919; milwaukeesbestburgers.com
Burger report card
We rated every one with these goals in mind.
Take a look. When your burger arrives, how does it look? 1 looks like a fast- food burger; 10 is photo-shoot worthy.
Taste it. Take a few bites. Tell us, how would you rate the quality of the meat? What kind of patty is it?
Judge doneness. Was your burger cooked properly? Does it come cooked-to-order, or is it one-way only?
Gauge the heat. How hot is it? 1 is "Did they cook this yesterday?" and 10 is "This baby just came off the coals."
Rate the bread. How do you score the bun? 1 is a kid's fast-food burger; 10 is homemade artisanal goodness.
Top it off. What comes on your special burger? How would you rate the quality of the toppings?
Consider cost. Rate the value. 1 is "I can't believe I just paid $10 for this"; 10 is "I would pay $15.95 for this anytime."
Have some perspective. How does this specialty burger stand out from burgers you've had in the past?
The final tally We asked our writers to look at all of the categories and to give a final rating. Only burgers with 9.5 and higher made our top list.
Pictured: Simple burgers satisfy at Django in Des Moines.
(A version of this story appeared in Midwest Living® May/June 2012.)


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subset: commoncrawl


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How exactly did the British manage to diddle us and drain our wealth' ? was the question that Basudev Chatterjee (later editor of a volume in the Towards Freedom project) had posed to me 50 years ago when we were fellow-students abroad.This is begging the question.
After decades of research I find that using India's commodity export surplus as the measure and applying an interest rate of 5%, the total drain from 1765 to 1938, compounded up to 2016, comes to £9.2 trillion; since $4.86 exchanged for £1 those days, this sum equals about $45 trillion.This is completely meaningless. To understand why it's meaningless consider India's annual coconut exports. These are almost certainly a surplus but the surplus in trade is countered by the other country buying the product (indeed, by definition, trade surpluses contribute to the GDP of a nation which hardly plays into intuitive conceptualisations of drain).
She [Patnaik] consistently adopts statistical assumptions (such as compound interest at a rate of 5% per annum over centuries) that exaggerate the magnitude of the drainMoving on:
The exact mechanism of drain, or transfers from India to Britain was quite simple.Convenient.
Drain theory possessed the political merit of being easily grasped by a nation of peasants. [...] No other idea could arouse people than the thought that they were being taxed so that others in far off lands might live in comfort. [...] It was, therefore, inevitable that the drain theory became the main staple of nationalist political agitation during the Gandhian era.- Chandra et al. (1989)
The key factor was Britain's control over our taxation revenues combined with control over India's financial gold and forex earnings from its booming commodity export surplus with the world. Simply put, Britain used locally raised rupee tax revenues to pay for its net import of goods, a highly abnormal use of budgetary funds not seen in any sovereign country.The issue with figures like these is they all make certain methodological assumptions that are impossible to prove. From Roy in Frankema et al. (2019):
the "drain theory" of Indian poverty cannot be tested with evidence, for several reasons. First, it rests on the counterfactual that any money saved on account of factor payments abroad would translate into domestic investment, which can never be proved. Second, it rests on "the primitive notion that all payments to foreigners are "drain"", that is, on the assumption that these payments did not contribute to domestic national income to the equivalent extent (Kumar 1985, 384; see also Chaudhuri 1968). Again, this cannot be tested. [...] Fourth, while British officers serving India did receive salaries that were many times that of the average income in India, a paper using cross-country data shows that colonies with better paid officers were governed better (Jones 2013).Indeed, drain theory rests on some very weak foundations. This, in of itself, should be enough to dismiss any of the other figures that get thrown out. Nonetheless, I felt it would be a useful exercise to continue exploring Patnaik's take on drain theory.
The East India Company from 1765 onwards allocated every year up to one-third of Indian budgetary revenues net of collection costs, to buy a large volume of goods for direct import into Britain, far in excess of that country's own needs.So what's going on here? Well Roy (2019) explains it better:
Colonial India ran an export surplus, which, together with foreign investment, was used to pay for services purchased from Britain. These payments included interest on public debt, salaries, and pensions paid to government offcers who had come from Britain, salaries of managers and engineers, guaranteed profts paid to railway companies, and repatriated business profts. How do we know that any of these payments involved paying too much? The answer is we do not.So what was really happening is the government was paying its workers for services (as well as guaranteeing profits - to promote investment - something the GoI does today Dalal (2019), and promoting business in India), and those workers were remitting some of that money to Britain. This is hardly a drain (unless, of course, Indian diaspora around the world today are "draining" it). In some cases, the remittances would take the form of goods (as described) see Chaudhuri (1983):
It is obvious that these debit items were financed through the export surplus on merchandise account, and later, when railway construction started on a large scale in India, through capital import. Until 1833 the East India Company followed a cumbersome method in remitting the annual home charges. This was to purchase export commodities in India out of revenue, which were then shipped to London and the proceeds from their sale handed over to the home treasury.While Roy's earlier point argues better paid officers governed better, it is honestly impossible to say what part of the repatriated export surplus was a drain, and what was not. However calling all of it a drain is definitely misguided.
she [Patnaik] consistently ignores research that would tend to cut the economic impact of the drain down to size, such as the work on the sources of investment during the industrial revolution (which shows that industrialisation was financed by the ploughed-back profits of industrialists) or the costs of empire school (which stresses the high price of imperial defence)
Since tropical goods were highly prized in other cold temperate countries which could never produce them, in effect these free goods represented international purchasing power for Britain which kept a part for its own use and re-exported the balance to other countries in Europe and North America against import of food grains, iron and other goods in which it was deficient.Re-exports necessarily adds value to goods when the goods are processed and when the goods are transported. The country with the largest navy at the time would presumably be in very good stead to do the latter.
The British historians Phyllis Deane and WA Cole presented an incorrect estimate of Britain's 18th-19th century trade volume, by leaving out re-exports completely. I found that by 1800 Britain's total trade was 62% higher than their estimate, on applying the correct definition of trade including re-exports, that is used by the United Nations and by all other international organisations.While interesting, and certainly expected for such an old book, re-exporting necessarily adds value to goods.
When the Crown took over from the Company, from 1861 a clever system was developed under which all of India's financial gold and forex earnings from its fast-rising commodity export surplus with the world, was intercepted and appropriated by Britain. As before up to a third of India's rising budgetary revenues was not spent domestically but was set aside as 'expenditure abroad'.So, what does this mean? Britain appropriated all of India's earnings, and then spent a third of it aboard? Not exactly. She is describing home charges see Roy (2019) again:
Some of the expenditures on defense and administration were made in sterling and went out of the country. This payment by the government was known as the Home Charges. For example, interest payment on loans raised to finance construction of railways and irrigation works, pensions paid to retired officers, and purchase of stores, were payments in sterling. [...] almost all money that the government paid abroad corresponded to the purchase of a service from abroad. [...] The balance of payments system that emerged after 1800 was based on standard business principles. India bought something and paid for it. State revenues were used to pay for wages of people hired abroad, pay for interest on loans raised abroad, and repatriation of profits on foreign investments coming into India. These were legitimate market transactions.Indeed, if paying for what you buy is drain, then several billions of us are drained every day.
The Secretary of State for India in Council, based in London, invited foreign importers to deposit with him the payment (in gold, sterling and their own currencies) for their net imports from India, and these gold and forex payments disappeared into the yawning maw of the SoS's account in the Bank of England.It should be noted that India having two heads was beneficial, and encouraged investment per Roy (2019):
The fact that the India Office in London managed a part of the monetary system made India creditworthy, stabilized its currency, and encouraged foreign savers to put money into railways and private enterprise in India. Current research on the history of public debt shows that stable and large colonies found it easier to borrow abroad than independent economies because the investors trusted the guarantee of the colonist powers.
Against India's net foreign earnings he issued bills, termed Council bills (CBs), to an equivalent rupee value. The rate (between gold-linked sterling and silver rupee) at which the bills were issued, was carefully adjusted to the last farthing, so that foreigners would never find it more profitable to ship financial gold as payment directly to Indians, compared to using the CB route. Foreign importers then sent the CBs by post or by telegraph to the export houses in India, that via the exchange banks were paid out of the budgeted provision of sums under 'expenditure abroad', and the exporters in turn paid the producers (peasants and artisans) from whom they sourced the goods.Sunderland (2013) argues CBs had two main roles (and neither were part of a grand plot to keep gold out of India):
Council bills had two roles. They firstly promoted trade by handing the IO some control of the rate of exchange and allowing the exchange banks to remit funds to India and to hedge currency transaction risks. They also enabled the Indian government to transfer cash to England for the payment of its UK commitments.
The United Nations (1962) historical data for 1900 to 1960, show that for three decades up to 1928 (and very likely earlier too) India posted the second highest merchandise export surplus in the world, with USA in the first position. Not only were Indians deprived of every bit of the enormous international purchasing power they had earned over 175 years, even its rupee equivalent was not issued to them since not even the colonial government was credited with any part of India's net gold and forex earnings against which it could issue rupees. The sleight-of-hand employed, namely 'paying' producers out of their own taxes, made India's export surplus unrequited and constituted a tax-financed drain to the metropolis, as had been correctly pointed out by those highly insightful classical writers, Dadabhai Naoroji and RCDutt.It doesn't appear that others appreciate their insight Roy (2019):
K. N. Chaudhuri rightly calls such practice 'confused' economics 'coloured by political feelings'.
Surplus budgets to effect such heavy tax-financed transfers had a severe employment–reducing and income-deflating effect: mass consumption was squeezed in order to release export goods. Per capita annual foodgrains absorption in British India declined from 210 kg. during the period 1904-09, to 157 kg. during 1937-41, and to only 137 kg by 1946.Dewey (1978) points out reliability issues with Indian agriculutural statistics, however this calorie decline persists to this day. Some of it is attributed to less food being consumed at home Smith (2015), a lower infectious disease burden Duh & Spears (2016) and diversified diets Vankatesh et al. (2016).
If even a part of its enormous foreign earnings had been credited to it and not entirely siphoned off, India could have imported modern technology to build up an industrial structure as Japan was doing.This is, unfortunately, impossible to prove. Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication that India would've united (this is arguably more plausible than the given counterfactual1). Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication India would not have been nuked in WW2, much like Japan. Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication India would not have been invaded by lizard people,
This article starts from the premise that while economic categories - the extent of commodity production, wage labour, monetarisation of the economy, etc - should be the basis for any analysis of the production relations of pre-British India, it is the nature of class struggles arising out of particular class alignments that finally gives the decisive twist to social change. Arguing on this premise, and analysing the available evidence, this article concludes that there was little potential for industrial revolution before the British arrived in India because, whatever might have been the character of economic categories of that period, the class relations had not sufficiently matured to develop productive forces and the required class struggle for a 'revolution' to take place.A view echoed in Raychaudhuri (1983):
Yet all of this did not amount to an economic situation comparable to that of western Europe on the eve of the industrial revolution. Her technology - in agriculture as well as manufacturers - had by and large been stagnant for centuries. [...] The weakness of the Indian economy in the mid-eighteenth century, as compared to pre-industrial Europe was not simply a matter of technology and commercial and industrial organization. No scientific or geographical revolution formed part of the eighteenth-century Indian's historical experience. [...] Spontaneous movement towards industrialisation is unlikely in such a situation.So now we've established India did not have industrial potential, was India similar to Japan just before the Meiji era? The answer, yet again, unsurprisingly, is no. Japan's economic situation was not comparable to India's, which allowed for Japan to finance its revolution. From Yasuba (1986):
All in all, the Japanese standard of living may not have been much below the English standard of living before industrialization, and both of them may have been considerably higher than the Indian standard of living. We can no longer say that Japan started from a pathetically low economic level and achieved a rapid or even "miraculous" economic growth. Japan's per capita income was almost as high as in Western Europe before industrialization, and it was possible for Japan to produce surplus in the Meiji Period to finance private and public capital formation.The circumstances that led to Meiji Japan were extremely unique. See Tomlinson (1985):
Most modern comparisons between India and Japan, written by either Indianists or Japanese specialists, stress instead that industrial growth in Meiji Japan was the product of unique features that were not reproducible elsewhere. [...] it is undoubtably true that Japan's progress to industrialization has been unique and unrepeatableSo there you have it. Unsubstantiated statistical assumptions, calling any number you can a drain & assuming a counterfactual for no good reason gets you this $45 trillion number. Hopefully that's enough to bury it in the ground.
Perhaps the single greatest and most enduring impact of British rule over India is that it created an Indian nation, in the modern political sense. After centuries of rule by different dynasties overparts of the Indian sub-continent, and after about 100 years of British rule, Indians ceased to be merely Bengalis, Maharashtrians,or Tamils, linguistically and culturally.or see Bryant 2000:
But then, it would be anachronistic to condemn eighteenth-century Indians, who served the British, as collaborators, when the notion of 'democratic' nationalism or of an Indian 'nation' did not then exist. [...] Indians who fought for them, differed from the Europeans in having a primary attachment to a non-belligerent religion, family and local chief, which was stronger than any identity they might have with a more remote prince or 'nation'.
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After disappearing the better part of three years ago, the VLC media player app for iOS has made its triumphant return to Apple's App Store. Its version number has been bumped to 2.0, and the app now includes features like Wi-Fi and Dropbox syncing as well as the ability to download files from the Web.
A version of VLC created by the company Applidium first made its debut on the App Store back in November 2010, but it was pulled in January 2011 due to a licensing dispute. All versions of VLC were then open-source and licensed under GPLv2; the App Store imposes its own licensing and DRM restrictions on apps. One of VLC's original developers, Rémi Denis-Courmont, claimed that the licensing policies did not mesh and filed a complaint against the app. It was shortly removed.
VLC 2.0 for iOS is licensed under both the Mozilla Public License v2 as well as the GNU General Public License v2 (or later). "The MPLv2 is applicable for distribution on the App Store," Felix Paul Kühne of VideoLAN told Ars.
In addition to Wi-Fi and Dropbox syncing, the app also supports access by third-party apps through the share dialog, network streams for PC operating systems, and filters for adjusting gamma, contrast, hue, saturation, and brightness.
The app has already rolled out to the Australian and New Zealand App Stores, and it will be available in the US around 11pm EDT tonight.


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Anne Trafton in MIT's news office has a great summary of the fascinating research (and background) of MIT's Rebecca Saxe.
* * *
How do we know what other people are thinking? How do we judge them, and what happens in our brains when we do?
MIT neuroscientist Rebecca Saxe is tackling those tough questions and many others. Her goal is no less than understanding how the brain gives rise to the abilities that make us uniquely human–making moral judgments, developing belief systems and understanding language.
It's a huge task, but "different chunks of it can be bitten off in different ways," she says.
Saxe, who joined MIT's faculty in 2006 as an assistant professor of brain and cognitive sciences, specializes in social cognition–how people interpret other people's thoughts. It's a difficult subject to get at, since people's thoughts and beliefs can't be observed directly.
"These are extremely abstract kinds of concepts, although we use them fluently and constantly to get around in the world," says Saxe.
While it's impossible to observe thoughts directly, it is possible to measure which brain regions are active while people are thinking about certain things. Saxe probes the brain circuits underlying human thought with a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a type of brain scan that measures blood
Using fMRI, she has identified an area of the brain (the temporoparietal junction) that lights up when people think about other people's thoughts, something we do often as we try to figure out why others behave as they do.
That finding is "one of the most astonishing discoveries in the field of human cognitive neuroscience," says Nancy Kanwisher, the Ellen Swallow Richards Professor of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT and Saxe's PhD thesis adviser.
"We already knew that some parts of the brain are involved in specific aspects of perception and motor control, but many doubted that an abstract high-level cognitive process like understanding another person's thoughts would be conducted in its own private patch of cortex," Kanwisher says.
* * *
Because fMRI reveals brain activity indirectly, by monitoring blood flow rather than the firing of neurons, it is considered a fairly rough tool for studying cognition. However, it still offers an invaluable approach for neuroscientists, Saxe says.
More precise techniques, such as recording activity from single neurons, can't be used in humans because they are too invasive. fMRI gives a general snapshot of brain activity, offering insight into what parts of the brain are involved in complex cognitive activities.
Saxe's recent studies use fMRI to delve into moral judgment–specifically, what happens in the brain when people judge whether others are behaving morally. Subjects in her studies make decisions regarding classic morality scenarios such as whether it's OK to flip a switch that would divert a runaway train onto a track where it would kill one person instead of five people.
Judging others' behavior in such situations turns out to be a complex process that depends on more than just the outcome of an event, says Saxe.
"Two events with the exact same outcome get extremely different reactions based on our inferences of someone's mental state and what they were thinking," she says.
For example, judgments often depend on whether the judging person is in conflict with the person performing the action. When a soldier sets off a bomb, an observer's perception of whether the soldier intended to kill civilians depends on whether the soldier and observer are on the same side of the conflict.
* * *
Saxe earned her PhD from MIT in 2003, and recently her first graduate student, Liane Young, successfully defended her PhD thesis. That extends a direct line of female brain and cognitive scientists at MIT that started with Molly Potter, professor of psychology, who advised Kanwisher.
"It is thrilling to see this line of four generations of female scientists," Kanwisher says.
Saxe, a native of Toronto, says she wanted to be a scientist from a young age, inspired by two older cousins who were biochemists.
At first, "I wanted to be a geneticist because I thought it was so cool that you could make life out of chemicals. You start with molecules and you make a person. I thought that was mind-blowing," she says.
She was eventually drawn to neuroscience because she wanted to explore big questions, such as how the brain gives rise to the mind.
She says that approach places her right where she wants to be in the continuum of scientific study, which ranges from tiny systems such as a cell-signaling pathway, to entire human societies. At each level, there is a tradeoff between the size of the questions you can ask and the concreteness of answers you can get, Saxe says.
"I'm doing this because I want to pursue these more-abstract questions, maybe at the cost of never finding out the answers," she says.


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Here's the list of title change-ups if you're unfamiliar
I'm excited about the writer musical chairs but also a little annoyed that Avengers Academy is being cancelled. Also annoyed that Amazing Spider-Man is getting "cancelled" and probably renumbered again.
What titles are you excited about?
I think I'm most excited about Iron Man (Kieron Gillen) and Avengers and New Avengers (Jonathan Hickman), mainly because I really enjoyed what Gillen did in Journey into Mystery and Hickmans work in Fantastic Four and FF. I'm also interested in Deadpool since actual comedians are writing it.


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TortoiseSVN 1.7.9
TortoiseSVN is a really easy to use Revision control / version control / source control software for Windows. It is based on Subversion. TortoiseSVN provides a nice and easy user interface for Subversion.
It is developed under the GPL. Which means it is completely free, including the source code. But just in case you don't know the GPL too well: you can use TortoiseSVN to develop commercial applications or just use it in your company without any restrictions.
Since it's not an integration for a specific IDE like Visual Studio, Eclipse or others, you can use it with whatever development tools you like.
As a Subversion client, TortoiseSVN has all the features of Subversion itself, including:Most current CVS features.Directories, renames, and file meta-data are versioned.Commits are truly atomic.Branching and tagging are cheap (constant time) operations.Efficient handling of binary files.


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Hi everyone!!!
Hope you all doing well😍!!!
First of all, I thank Rad gamer, daradgames.wordpress.com for nominating me for this blogger recognition award.
• Thank the blogger that nominated you and give a link to their site.
• Do a post to show your award.
• Give a summary of how your blog started.
• Give two pieces of advice for any new bloggers.
• Select at least 15 other bloggers for this award.
• Let each nominee know you've nominated them and give a link to your post
- As of my blog, I started with nil knowledge just for fun to pass free time. But that gives a lot of fun and happiness when we encounter success.i would thank my followers for encouraging me and supporting me and they showed me a real love.
- If u ask me a suggestion I would always encourage you to open a blog based on your self-interest category.As for me I kept forwarding all my post personally to my friends and it grew slowly and much important is that u forward to the friend who appreciates.But always encourage suggestions to improve. As I learned from blog is PRESENTATION MATTERS. And blog posts to be short and simple. If at all ur blog is intended to be business oriented or for sales, then a website will be great, not necessary to be paid website however many are doing business even with a blog.
- My nominees are:
- Violetta sochka khamis Violettasfoodjourney.com
- CDO promos
- Shrika dhaka Onlinecakedotin.wordpress.com
- Prabhatkumar913.wordpress.com
- Janbeek.wordpress.com
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- Jennifertarheelreader.com
- Zeesviews Collectingpuzzles668395330.wordpress.com
- Rolandomio Travel rolandomio.blog
- Theblablachain.com
- Heeral gupta,zest of lime zestoflime.blog
- Nemo&nancy nemoincucina.wordpress.com
- bushraslifestyleblog.wordpress.com
- ageekygal.com
- Operationxblog.wordpress.com
- Tastyrecipesfrompooja.wordpress.com.
- Urbanhijab.me
- Salty biscotti.wordpress.com
- Irene,Mysliceofmexico.ca
- Cooking with love geekycooker.com


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You have not selected any file(s) to download.
A download manager is recommended for downloading multiple files.
Would you like to install the Microsoft Download Manager?
Generally, a download manager enables downloading of large files or multiples files in one session.Many web browsers, such as Internet Explorer 9, include a download manager.Stand-alone download managers also are available, including the Microsoft Download Manager.
if you do not have a download manager installed, and still want to download the file(s) you've chosen, please note:
The Microsoft Download Manager solves these potential problems.It gives you the ability to download multiple files at one time and download large files quickly and reliably.It also allows you to suspend active downloads and resume downloads that have failed.
Microsoft Download Manager is free and available for download now.
Windows 8.1
The instructions for this download will soon be available in your language. In the meantime, we are providing the instructions in English.
Моўны пакет інтэрфейсу (МПІ) для Windows 8 забяспечвае частковую лакалізацыю карыстальніцкага інтэрфейсу ў найбольш ужываных частках Windows 8.
Install this update to resolve issues in Windows.
Моўны пакет інтэрфейсу (МПІ) для Windows 8.1 забяспечвае частковую лакалізацыю карыстальніцкага інтэрфейсу ў найбольш ужываных частках Windows 8.1.
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About us
About Ingenta Connect
Ingenta Connect from Ingenta distributes your content to over 1.4 million individual users a month. An all-inclusive and cost-effective package. Ingenta Connect gives you access to the largest linking network of its kind online. Ingenta Connect is ideal for publishers looking to put their content online for the first time, increase the global visibility of their publications, or who are looking for an additional online channel to market.
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2009-2012 VW Golf MK6 GTI Type-1 Front Lip
When shopping with Carbonetics you will be purchasing items in stock, or made-to-order.
You will notified when adding the item to cart if the product is in stock or not.
If you purchase made-to-order items, a 30% Cancellation Fee applies for the first 180 days post-purchase.
After 180 days, you are eligible for a full refund of your order should the item in question not be ready for you.
Please read our Terms & Conditions for more information.


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E-mail id:- firstname.lastname@example.com
For Enquiry: +91-9823081484
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If you are looking to buy AC Chokes in New York, Trutech Products is one of the trusted Transformer Manufacturers in India and we also export our transformers all over the world.
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Bacterial Skin Infections in Children
The skin is the body's first barrier against bacteria that cause infections. Even though many bacteria live on the surface of our skin, healthy skin can usually protect us from infection. Bacterial skin infections can affect a small spot or may spread, affecting a large area. They can range from a treatable infection to a life-threatening skin condition.
Many types of bacterial skin infections require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview.


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P.S. I ♥ Peas
Ever since I was a child, I remember falling in love with flowers. My first flower memory was being intrigued by the blooms of Bleeding Heart (Dicentra). Love of nature and art led me into pursuing a degree in horticulture & landscape design. For 15+ years, I worked for different wholesale companies including Proven Winners, Spring Meadow Nursery (Proven Winners ColorChoice Flowering Shrubs) and Zelenka Nursery. Then in 2013, I started my own business Flora & Fauna Media, which specializes in public relations outreach from social media to media publications. Now, I am focusing on being a Stay-At-Home mom and my writing career. I garden on less than an acre of property near Seattle, Washington. Making the most of my space was extremely important to efficiency, which led to removing lots of grass. Now, our property is a sanctuary filled with fruits (blueberries, apples, strawberries, raspberries, cantaloupe, fig and huckleberries), vegetables (kale, beets, peas, tomatoes, squash, potatoes, cardoon, zucchini, green beans, peppers, tomatillos and sorrel) and herbs (rosemary, chives, thyme, mint, oregano, lemon verbena, pineapple sage and sage). Growing our own food is an important mission to me and with a young child teaching is valuable knowledge to pass down generation after generation . If you teach a man to garden, he will eat for life! My husband and I love to cook together. We find new recipes and try them weekly. Wildcrafting has become a fun additional to this pastime. Harvesting stinging nettles or dandelions and making them into something that is edible and delicious is so rewarding.
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Tag Archives: jam
30-Minute Jam Session
This jam session has NO music instrumentals involved – it was dedicated to the delicious summer fruits: strawberries and raspberries. Did you know that you can make homemade jam in 30-minutes or less? Neither did I; until the first time … Continue reading
Posted in Kitchen Tagged freezer jam, fruit, fruits, how-to make jam, jam, jams, raspberry, strawberry, summer, tradition 14 Comments


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Cherilyn Wilson Dexter
A woman who enjoys being unfaithful is looking for a man to have an encounter with her husband on Wilson
Cherilyn Wilson Dexter
First name: Marie-inès, Age: 39 yo, City: Wilson (NY)
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I like guys who are pretty sexy. I also demand an H that is spoiled by nature, because otherwise I don't feel anything. I just want to enjoy myself like never before. I am free at the beginning of the week and in the evening. You can have a date at my apartment. I only want to meet a man for sex because I love making love without taboos with a new guy. I personally love trying new, naughty positions so I need a guy who is imaginative and knows how to work it. To be content in bed, you won't have to be a novice. If you meet my requirements, you'll remember it.
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My wife and I love to go outside and have sex in public places
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As the dog days of summer slip away, we thought we'd take this opportunity to slip away ourselves. Unframed will be taking the week off for a little rest and relaxation. To tide you over, we've gathered up some of our favorite Unframed posts of the summer.
- We had some acquisition news! Costume & Textiles curator Kaye Spilker detailed the acquisition of an eighteenth-century Altar Frontal, and Latin American Art curator Ilona Katzew talked about Manuel Arellano's Virgin of Guadalupe.
- Allison Agsten made a point of getting into the galleries every single day for a month—here were some of her highlights.
- Scott Tennent shared a photograph of forty-five L.A. artists taken on LACMA's front steps in 1968.
- Andrew W. Mellon Fellow Erin K. Jue shed some light on paper conservation.
- Curator Carol Eliel detailed her "glamorous" trip to Europe—mostly spent in the cab of a truck and roadside motels.
- Devi Noor took a look at some historic parks in light of the impending State budget cuts.
- Allison and Conservation Photographer Yosi Poseilov documented the rigmarole of a photo shoot for our Ardabil Carpet.
- Tom Drury found a "latitude of coincidence" between our Pompeii and the Roman Villa and MOCA's Collecting History.
We'll be back next week fully recharged.


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The ALP has completed its quest for personal destruction by sticking with Julia Gillard and Kevin Rudd ruling himself out as leading the ALP ever again. It is a sad day for the ALP, except for the fact that the ALP doesn't realise it is. In my view they have ensured they will be in opposition following the federal election, completely ignoring the views of those they are asking to vote for them. I anticipate that the ALP will now suffer an enormous hiding unless ALP supporters can somehow see past the disregard that the party has shown to them and votes for a Prime Minister they don't want.
The link below is to an article covering the latest dramas unfolding in Canberra throughout the day:
For more visit:


text: Doing better, but not good enough Posted bySteve Banfield January 6, 2012 Leave a comment on Doing better, but not good enough Share this:Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window)Like this:Like Loading... Published by Steve Banfield Kentucky born, Seattle based. Entrepreneur. Team Builder. Photographer. View more posts


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Upcoming Events
Theme week - Events put on by student organizations, held either on or off ISU campus, that include multiple days of events that are all put on by the same organizations or are held for one cause or celebration. Ex. Greek Week, Homecoming
|« Previous Week
|Sun, May 15 2022 - Sat, May 21 2022
|Next Week »


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Wonder Woman Round Balloon. Stunning accent balloon for a very girlie super hero birthday party, that will go WOW, POW, BAM!
Size: 18 INCH
Additional Information:
- Made in USA
- Foil Mylar
- Balloons ship flat (un-inflated)
- Helium to float or fill with air and hang
Looking for more super hero party decorations and balloons?
⚠ WARNING: Choking Hazard
Children under 8 years can choke or suffocate on un-inflated or broken balloons. Adult supervision required. Keep un-inflated balloons from children. Discard broken balloons at once.
Foil balloons may conduct electricity. Do not use near electricity.
Shipping and Return Information
- Orders ship same day or next day during normal business hours Monday-Friday (excluding public holidays)
- We ship from our boutique party shops located in Bozeman, Montana, or Park City, Utah
- Please leave is a note at checkout of your party date so we can assist with on time deliveries
- UPS and FedEx Expedited Shipping: Packages ship the same day if received before 3pm. Deliveries are made on business days only, Saturdays and Sundays are not included in delivery calculations
We offer $5.95 Flat Rate shipping with USPS First Class 3-5 business days (estimated) on all orders in the USA or you can also choose from USPS, Fed Ex and UPS Services (costs vary depending on weight and destination)
- US Postal Service (USPS) shipping is estimated delivery only:
- First Class: 3- 5 business days estimate
- Priority: 2-3 business days estimate and includes insurance
- UPS and FedEx Shipping:
- We offer 3 Business Day, 2 Business Day and Next Business Day Overnight Shipping options.
- Same Day Shipping Cut Off: 3pm MST
- Saturday delivery only available if you contact us directly, otherwise all expedited shipping times are calculated based on business days. (ie: 2 business day means 3 business days total including day of shipping. So for example, if a 2 day package is ordered on Thursday, it will ship Thursday and deliver on Monday)
- US and FedEx Guarantee Shipping on Overnight Services Only
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- 3-5 Business Days
- This shipping option is by truck, so some delays may occur. We do not recommend this option as an expedited shipping option unless you live near us in Montana & area.
- We ship USPS International Air Mail to Canada with rates starting at $18.50 USD
- If you require tracking, insurance or quicker shipping, please select UPS or FedEx expedited shipping options at checkout
- Canada buyers are responsible for any customs, duties and/or import taxes that may apply
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We want you to be happy with your order so we offer a 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. If for any reason you would like to return an item, we have a 30-day return policy from receipt of the item. All we ask is that goods are returned to us unused and in their original unopened packaging.
Any damaged or incorrectly delivered items must be reported to us within 6 days of delivery. We are happy to offer an exchange, credit, or full refund (less packaging and delivery costs) to the original payment method.
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Once we have received these details, we will then process your return and supply you with return details.
We do not refund for damaged balloons due to improper inflation.
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Friday Philosophy – New Game: Phone Zombies! (You Too can Play) August 17, 2012Posted by mwidlake in Friday Philosophy, humour, off-topic, Perceptions.
Tags: behaviour, Humour, rant
I'm spending a lot more time in Central London at the moment due to current work commitments. A few weeks ago I was having a quiet stroll through the streets and had what I can only describe as an odd moment:
I looked around and found I was being converged upon by 5 or 6 people walking slowly and aimlessly towards me – all from different angles, all only vaguely aware of their surroundings, all looking like they were making straight for me. I instantly thought of one of the scenes from "Shaun of the Dead" {A cracking film, go hire it tonight}.
They were all on their smart phones of course, intent on the little glowing screens of whatever it was they could not drag their eyes from – despite them also trying to navigate a busy city landscape. As some of you know, I have a bit of a "hate-mild dislike-grudging acceptance" relationships with Smart Phones.
I was so struck by this scene that I nearly did not move in time, but finally I did step to one side as I watched them do this quite wonderful, little, shuffling-dance around each other. I think only one of them actually looked up properly, the others all did that micro-glance; frown; direction shift; re-engage-with-screen procedure that is becoming so common. As a species we must be somehow pre-designed to cope with this as none of them actually bumped into each other – but it took several micro-glance manoeuvres for some of them to make it through.
This has resulted in a new game I can't stop playing as I make my way through London:
Phone Zombies – How many people can I see at any time who are effectively lobotomised by their personal electronic device?
I have a few rules:
- I has to be an electronic device – phones, smart phones, crackberries, tablets, electronic books etc.
- Real books and papers do not count.
- They must be upright (so no sitting).
- If they are moving they count.
- If they are stopped in the middle of the path they count.
- If they have put themselves in a doorway or some other sensible place they do not count.
- Unless, even though they have done that, they are still e.g. blocking ingress and egress from the doorway.
- A bonus point if they micro-glance manoeuvre.
- 5 bonus points if contact is made with another person in the time I am watching.
- 10 bonus points for contact with something inanimate {only once to date}.
- 20 points if they go "uuurrrgggghhh" and have blood on them. {no one has got 20 bonus points yet, but I live in hope}
I think my best so far is about 14, but that is because two phone-zombies both walked into each other. Classic.
- 3. Michael Cox - August 17, 2012
Love the idea but this seems to rely on a level of mental arithmetic, any chance you could develop it as a smartphone app ? 8)
- 5. Kelloggsville - August 17, 2012
Sorry? I'm confused. Are you saying that whilst Im doing important stuff on my phone there are other people in the world? Although I do admit to knowing there is a metal post thing going on…or so the straight line bruise on my forehead told me (absolutely true).


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The profile page of Folarin Balogun displays all matches and competitions with statistics for all the matches he played in. You can get most important stats of Folarin Balogun , including average player rating, goals, assists, cards and other relevant data are also displayed on AiScore.
AiScore Player value for Folarin Balogun is € 25.0M. He has a contract with Reims until -. Folarin Balogun's jersey number is 29. Folarin Balogun is 20 years old,birstday is 2001/07/03 UTC, and he is 179 cm tall and 69 kg. Folarin Balogun prefers to play with Right foot.
Folarin Balogun previous match for Reims was against Lyon in French Ligue 1, and the match ended with result 3:0 (Lyon won the match). And his team is going to play their next match on -, - vs - in French Ligue 1. If Folarin Balogun is going to be in Reims lineup, it will be confirmed on AiScore one hour before the match starts.
Folarin Balogun Transfer History and Transfer Fee
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DVB-S Theory
DVB stands for Digital Video Broadcast - Satellite. At its core, DVB-S is a simple mechanism. Digital transmitters beam sets of channels to an area, and they are received by antennas aimed at the transmitter. The scope of this article is to provide basic understanding of DVB-S technology, dish pointing and peaking, and setup in MythTV. In keeping with the philosophy of the (largely US based) MythTV development and user community, no discussion of prohibited activities (civil or criminal) is welcome at any time. If some activity utilizing DVB-S is legal in your locale, bear in mind that it is likely not so in the United States (under whose laws MythTV must exist) and is therefore still unwelcome in all official MythTV support channels.
DVB-S and DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcast - Terrestrial) share in common many characteristics. They both share in common a remote transmitter broadcasting a signal through the air to an antenna, with bundles of channels (multiplexes) being transmitted by one or more transponders. In the case of terrestrial broadcasts, the need for precise aiming is less critical as the transmitters are largely omnidirectional and within short distances. In the case of satellite broadcasts, however, the antenna (dish) must be aimed at an object the size of a schoolbus at a distance of 35,000 kilometers. Precise aiming is, to say the least, critically important.
DVB-S satellites are in geosynchronous equatorial orbit. This means that they are in fixed orbital locations over a single spot on the equator. In populated portions of the world, there is a broadcast satellite at approximately every three orbital degrees. It is quite easily to mis-align the dish slightly and get a good strong signal from the wrong satellite.
Just as with terrestrial broadcasts, the quality and size of your antenna is directly proportional to the strength and type of signal being received. The two types of digital broadcast commonly in use today are C-Band and Ku-band. C-band is the older format of digital satellite broadcast, bringing to mind gigantic eyesore dishes. Ku-band is the format favored by consumer dish operators just as Freesat, DISH Network, and Bell ExpressVu. While it is possible to tune Ku and C-band signals with large dishes, only Ku-band signals can be tuned with the small round and elliptical "patio" dishes.
MythTV supports only unencrypted material, or material that is decrypted through the use of a legitimate provider-supplied CAM (Conditional Access Module). This rules out digital reception of paid-for services that do not provide CAMs (although it is still possible and legal to capture the analog outputs of these boxes). Attempts to tune DISH network, DirecTV, Bell ExpressVu, Viasat and similar with DVB-S cards are unwelcome in the MythTV community as those providers do not supply CAMs.
Lyngsat is an excellent reference for what satellites are in the sky, where they are located, and what channels they contain.
Equipment Needed
- DVB-S Tuner card
- The DVB-S card must support the modulation and FEC (Forward Error Correction) used by the satellites you wish to tune. If the card does not support these specifications, you will be unable to tune your channels! If your provider supplies CAMs, you will need a DVB-S card with an *on-board* (non-USB) CI slot, and the card and CI must be supported by linux.
- Satellite Antenna/Dish
- The required size of the dish will be determined by the signals you wish to tune.
- One Low Noise Blocking Filter (LNB/LNBF) for each orbital location you wish to tune
- RG6 Coaxial cable
- Optional: A DiSEqC (Digital Satellite Equipment Control) Switch if using more than one Orbital Location/LNB without a motor
- Optional: A Dish Signal Meter/Finder
Equipment Setup
DVB-S tuner cards provide adequate voltage to power at least one LNB in most cases. Choose a location to mount the dish that is sheltered from the elements (particularly wind) and with as clear a view of possible of the satellites. In the northern hemisphere, this will be a generally southern view and in the southern hemisphere, a northern one. Remember, the satellites are in orbit over the equator.
An extremely helpful site is Dishpointer. This Google Maps mashup allows you to provide a set of coordinates or street adress, select the satellite or satellites you wish to aim, and will provide near-perfect aiming information. It is not uncommon for the aiming information to be within a single degree of peak accuracy for the location.
Mount the dish securely using a tripod, wall mount, or other sturdy means of preventing wind and other interference. Leave the dish slightly loose in the mount for the aiming procedure. Run a short length of RG6 coaxial cable from each LNB (located at the end of the dish "arm") to a DiSEqC switch. If using only one LNB, you can run the coaxial cable straight to your receiver or DVB-S card. If you wish to run multiple receivers/DVB-S cards, you will need a DiSEqC switch with an number of outputs equal to the number of cards/receivers you wish to use, and inputs equal to the number of LNBs/Orbital Locations you wish to aim at. Some DVB-S setups use a single LNB and a DiSEqC-compatible motor to reaim the dish dynamically. This is sophisticated but purely optional.
A flowchart for the simplest type of DVB-S setup would be as follows:
Receiver or DVB-S card-->Coaxial Cable-->Single LNB
When aiming more than one orbital location without using a motor, the flowchart might look similar to:
Receiver or DVB-S card-->Coaxial Cable-->DiSEqC Switch--(Multiple Outputs to..)-->Multiple LNBs
Dish Aiming
Although your provider might supply you with a general chart of aiming instructions, Dishpointer is immensely helpful in showing visual landmarks for aiming the dish. Provide the site with your location using address or Latitude/Longitude, and select the satellites you wish to aim from the drop-down. Satellite aiming consists of three "directions:" Elevation, Azimuth, and Skew. These represent the angle, direction, and rotation of your dish.
Setting Elevation
The most critical element of setting elevation is understanding that most consumer dishes are offset dishes. While you might set the elevation to 45 degrees, it will appear to you that the dish is only aimed at 23 or so degrees. The offset of the dish comes from the fact that the dish arm and LNBs are mounted offset from the center and thus the signal is bounced off from a higher angle and reflected down onto the LNBs. This means that some near-impossible aiming conditions are actually quite possible (see example right). A quick trick to see the actual angle aimed by the dish is to set it to the DishPointer approved value and to look from just behind the bottom of the dish over the LNB. This is where your dish is actually aimed. In the example, it appears the dish is aimed straight at a tree. However, because of the 22 degree offset of the dish, the top of the tree is cleared by several feet.
Setting Azimuth
Azimuth is the compass direction the entire dish assembly must be pointed towards the satellite(s). The only thing to keep in mind is that because of variations in the shape of the Earth's magnetic field, one must adjust the aiming of the dish in one direction or another. The easiest way to accomplish this is to find a visual reference using DishPointer and to point the center of the LNB arm at that (as the site compensates for these variations for you).
Setting Skew
For single-LNB setups, adjusting skew is not necessary. Skew adjustments are only for aiming multiple simultaneous orbital locations. Skew is the rotation of the dish like a car's wheel, either clockwise or counter-clockwise (when viewed from behind) to compensate for multiple orbital locations at differing elevations. Take the value reported by your provider or DishPointer and adjust the skew setting on your dish. Note that many consumer dishes actually reverse the skew values, so the proper setting is sometimes to take the Dishpointer value and subtract it from 180. Thus, a DishPointer Value of 69.5 degrees clockwise would translate to rotating a Dish Network dish to the 110.5 degree position clockwise.
Dish Peaking
Once you have set Elevation, Azimuth, and Skew, you should be within a few degrees of the satellite. If aiming with a friend, you can tighten all the bolts until the dish can be adjusted in all directions with gentle but firm pressure, and use the signal meter on a receiver to make fine adjustments until maximum signal strength is reached. If, however, you are peaking the dish alone or have no receiver, a dish signal meter/finder is exceedingly helpful. This small, inexpensive device connects to the coax between the receiver and LNB and includes a signal strength meter.
How to Use a Signal Strength Meter
- Make sure you have aimed your dish as closely as possible at the satellite. (Helps to prevent aiming at the wrong sat)
- Attach the "To Receiver" side of the meter to the line running to your DVB-S card or receiver. Attach the "To LNB" side of the meter to a short line to the LNB.
- Turn the gain knob up to make sure that the device activates, peaks out, and beeps at some point in the range. Once you have found the minimum gain needed to peak the needle/signal meter, turn down the gain so that the needle floats in the center (on a meter marked 0-10, you would want the needle "floating" at 5).
- Starting with Azimuth (compass direction), adjust in each direction to find whether the needle "peaks" again if the dish is adjusted to one side. Keep adjusting the gain knob down so that the needle "floats" again. Once you have found the point where the needle "falls off" when the dish is adjusted in any direction, and you cannot turn the gain down any more, tighten the Azimuth bolts so that the dish no longer turns from side to side.
- Repeat the adjustment with the elevation settings. Tighten the Elevation Bolts.
- If using more than one LNB/orbital location simultaneously, adjust skew as above. Tighten the Skew Bolts.
- Remove the Signal Meter from the line (it uses approximately 6 dB to run, meaning the difference between usable signal and nothing at all).
The "center" position on the gain knob is the likely threshold for usable signal. If the meter runs from -4 dB to 4 dB, then you must peak your dish enough for "0" or below to cause the needle to peak.
MythTV Setup
This Howto presumes you have properly set up your DVB-S card in Linux, and have read the generic MythTV installation documents.
- Set up your card as DVB type in mythtv-setup's "2. Capture Cards" section. On the capture card setup page, you will see a button called "DiSEqC." Highlight it and press enter. We will be building a graph of our DiSEqC hardware including switches, LNBs, etc. You start with a blank screen and the word "(Unconnected)." Highlight "(Unconnected)" and press enter. You will see a list of DVB-S hardware myth can manage. If your DVB-S card runs directly to an LNB, you can choose "LNB" and be done on this screen (and skip to step 3). We will set up a DiSEqC switch and several LNBs. Select "Switch."
- On the switch configuration screen, give your switch a name. In the example, the switch is called "DiSEqC Switch." Set the type to "DiSEqc" unless you are using another type of switch. For "Number of ports," choose the number of LNB ports your switch has. In this case, the switch is capable of connecting to 3 LNBs. Choose "Finish." Note: Some users have reported needing to set alternate numbers of ports for their DiSEqC switches in order to have LNBs scanned properly. If it appears the channel scanner is scanning the wrong LNB, try experimenting with different switch types and numbers of ports.
- You will now see your switch represented in the graph, and an "(Unconnected)" node for each port. We will set up an LNB on Port 1. Choose the first port in the list and press enter. Choose "LNB."
- Give the LNB a unique name (a good choice would be the name of the satellite it is aimed at). Choose the LNB Preset type for your locale and select "Finish."
- Escape out to the top Mythtv-setup menu. Enter the "3. Video Sources" menu. Set up a new listings source for each orbital location even if they are all from the same provider. This is actually very important; it seems that MythTV will sometimes act very strangely if you do not do this (channel tuning can occur on the incorrect LNB). So, this can not be over-emphasized. As for the EPG data, you can use EIT or any normal Myth grabber.
- Escape out to the top Mythtv-setup menu. Enter the "4.Input connections" menu. Highlight your DVB card and press Enter. You will see a screen unique to DiSEqC setup. Select the DiSEqC switch port with the LNB we are setting up (in the example, port 1).
- Continue to the next page. Set the video source to the source you set up for this orbital location. When you are satisfied with the settings, highlight and select "Scan For Channels."
- MythTV will default to the "Tuned Scan." You will need the transponder frequencies, polarities, and symbol rates for each transponder you wish to scan. A good source is Lyngsat. Note: Lyngsat transponders and symbol rates are in Megahertz, and Myth expects them to be in KiloHertz. Multiple each value by 1000. A Transponder on Lyngsat listed as "11715 R" and "SR 20000" would be a frequency of 11715000, Right Circular Polarity, and Symbol Rate of 20000000. Leave FEC and Inversion on auto and press next. Myth will attempt to scan given the setup you have created. If the scan fails, check your dish pointing and/or settings and try again. When the transponder has finished scanning, you can press "Back," and attempt a "Full Scan of Existing Transports" scan type. With any luck, this full scan will pick up all the information for the other transponders on this satellite and you will end up with all available channels. Otherwise, you will have to manually input each transponder and scan it.
At this point you should have functional channels on your system. You can go back and add more LNBs to your DiSEqC switch and scan as you did above until you have all your channels. Enjoy!


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Mormon Temples In-depth
Many are curious about the Mormon Temples. There are questions regarding the origins, theology, ceremonies and rituals. Questions such as "Can I go inside of a Mormon Temple?", "What are Mormon weddings like?", "Is it true Mormons baptize for the dead?", or "What is the purpose of a Mormon Temple?" all regularly surface on the internet. Although members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are eager to answer questions and clarify misconceptions, it is a broad subject which often cannot be fully satisfied with just a few simple answers.
This page is designed to more fully answer your temple questions and offers the opportunity for in-depth temple study. Additionally, this information is intended to allay any possible fears, concerns or misconceptions you may have. Instead, I hope you discover new insight, respect, reverence and understanding on this beautiful and sacred subject.
There may be much more information here than interests you. Please think of this page as a banquet table that I have set out. You may select the portions that interest you. Conversely, you may wish to feast on all of the information over several visits. I invite you to return as often as you like, as there is much to absorb.
In 2002 the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints released a documentary about Temples called "Between Heaven and Earth".
Respected international religious scholars were invited to participate, adding fascinating commentary and insight as a part of this comprehensive film. Among the notable authorities featured are Frank Moore Cross (Harvard Divinity School), Krister Stendahl (Emeritus Lutheran Bishop of Stockholm), Lawrence Schiffman (Hebrew Studies NYU), John Lundquist, Truman Madsen, President Boyd K. Packer, and Elder Jeffrey R. Holland, among others.
The entire length is 44 minutes. It has been broken down into five sequential segments. Headings designate subject matter covered.
Part One: Temples Ancient and Modern
Part Two: Temple Worship
Part Three: Temple Symbols and Eternal Families
Part Four: Temple Vicarious Work – Baptisms for the dead
Part Five: Mormon Temples – Building, Open House, Dedication
This film can be ordered online for a minimal fee. I give thanks to the authors of Millenial Star and to the marvelous Temple Study folks for previously sharing this information.


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The Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), a privacy watchdog and public interest research group, is calling foul on Buzz, Google's recently launched social networking service. The group has filed a complaint with the FTC outlining several major grievances.
Shortly after Google launched Buzz last week, a number of users expressed dismay over the service's loose handling of user privacy. It automatically makes the user's Gmail address book into a public Buzz contact list, a move that is of questionable value to users and subjects some to the risk of exposing sensitive information to the wrong people.
In response to the negative outcry, Google has taken a number of steps to fix the most serious issues as quickly as possible. The company issued a public apology and transformed the auto-follow mechanism into an auto-suggest feature. They have also added a configuration panel that can be used to completely disable the service.
The complaint filed by EPIC indicates that the group is unsatisfied with the changes. It wants the service to be disabled by default and made available on an opt-in basis. Further, they also insist that the user's e-mail address book should not be used by the service.
EPIC isn't the only group that is concerned about Buzz. In a statement issued Tuesday, the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) responded to Google's latest improvements to Buzz's privacy model. The EFF praised Google for taking a step in the right direction, but agrees with EPIC's view that the service still needs to be made opt-in.
The EFF takes the opportunity to look at the bigger picture and the reasons why Google failed so spectacularly to address these problems before launching Buzz. According to reports from the BBC, Google piloted the service internally, but neglected to test it with regular users. They underestimated the confusion that would be caused by the privacy settings and failed to anticipate some of the real-world problems that arose from the design decisions that were made with the auto-follow feature.
The EFF points out that Google recklessly abused information entrusted to it by users—their address books—to gain a competitive advantage in a market where it is entering late and facing off against popular competitors. This raises serious questions of trust.
"These problems arose because Google attempted to overcome its market disadvantage in competing with Twitter and Facebook by making a secondary use of your information," wrote Kurt Opsahl of the EFF in a statement. "Next week Google will face a federal judge and ask for approval of the Google Books settlement. EFF has raised privacy concerns, including the possibility that Google might make secondary uses of the Books information. Buzz's disastrous product launch highlights the danger posed by this possibility, and showcases the need for firm enforceable commitments to protecting user privacy."
Google is increasingly targeted with criticism over its privacy practices. The company, which aspires to make the world's data "universally accessible," is accused of retaining too much and oversharing without permission. The company lags its competitors in committing to shorter search retention times, and its log anonymization practices have also been criticized.
The fiasco with Buzz heightens the risk that Google's do-no-evil image will continue to be tarnished by privacy fears. Google is clearly cognizant of that fact and has gone out of its way to be responsive to user feedback in the aftermath of the launch. It remains unclear, however, if Google will bend to the privacy groups and make Buzz an opt-in service.