According to the Catholic Church, what marks a document as Scripture?

Question: Not much to ask beyond the title, but the thing I'm trying to get at here is how the Church determines what is and isn't scripture. Does the church have markers they try to follow?
Answer: The Canon of Holy Scripture was infallibly fixed by the authority of the Council of Trent, 4th session. As Schroeder, O.P., states in his edition of Trent's decrees (4th sess. fn. 4):

For earlier lists, cf. Synod of Laodicea (end of IV cent.), c.60, the genuineness of which canon however is contested (Hefele-Leclercq, Hist. des conciles, I, 1026); Synod of Rome (382) under Pope Damasus (Denzinger, Enchiridion, no. 84); Synod of Hippo (393), c.36, which the III Synod of Carthage (397) made its own in c.47 (idem, no. 92); Innocent I in 405 to Exuperius, bishop of Toulouse (idem, no. 96); Eugene IV in the Council of Florence (Mansi, XXXI, 1736; Hardouin, IX, 1023f.). The Tridentine list or decree was the first infallible and effectually promulgated declaration on the Canon of the Holy Scriptures.

St. Robert Bellarmine—Book II, ch. XII of On Councils: Their Nature and Authority (from his De Controversiis)—refutes the Protestants' straw-man argument of Catholics:

Catholics do not subject the Sacred Scripture to Councils, but places it before them; nor is there any controversy on this point. But if some Catholics sometimes say scripture depends upon the Church, or a Council, they do not understand this in regard to its authority, or according to what it is, but in regard to the explanation and in regard to us.
Answer: I could have sworn I'd answered a similar question sometime in the last 10 years, but alas I cannot find it.
Anyway, the good Reverend Know-It-All writes:

Pope Damasus I, St. Jerome's patron, assembled the first list of books of the Bible at the Council of Rome (382AD). The process continued in North Africa. A series of Synods (meetings of bishops) were held in North Africa beginning in Hippo in 393, and ending with the Council of Carthage(419). The meetings took up the question of what were the inspired books and what were not. There was a basic agreement on the texts, but even then, 400 years after Christ, there was still a need to make a definitive list. The pope and the North African bishops drew up their list from those books then in use by the Church, particularly those read at Mass. Finally, the list was submitted to Pope Boniface (Damasus' successor) and the other bishops for confirmation
https://stlambert.org/news/rkias-guide-to-reading-the-bible-part-11

In a nutshell is how the Catholic Church figured out what scripture is and what it isn't.
It's a little known doctrine in the Catholic Church called, "whatever Christians in general have been doing is probably the right thing to do because God hasn't struck us all dead for doing it so far so lets keep doing it and it's probably the right thing to do." otherwise known as infallibilitas in credendo.
The Bible (i.e. the canon of scripture) is the product of the Church.  There doesn't need to be a formula (i.e. if it needs to mention God 30 times). If there were a formula, there's honestly no reason the Didache isn't added to the Bible.  The Bible is basically a meme that God and the Church get.
Comment: Great way to explain an unknown!
Comment: *I would have sworn I answered the same question 10 years ago, but alas I cannot find it* that makes it sound like you want to close my question


Does Fortigate 100A support IPv6?

Question: Tried searching through the net but couldn't find any info since the product is already discontinued. Can anyone confirm if this particular product supports IPv6?
Comment: You mean the little firewall appliance that came out some 10 years ago? Not likely.
Comment: I thought so too. I just need some assurance on this. Thanks !
Answer: The question should be: "Does the 100A support a FortiOS version that supports IPv6?"
That answer is yes.
Although the 100A is EOL (as of April 2009), and you should not expect support on it passed April 2014, a FortiOS version with support for the 100A and IPv6, FortiOS v4.0 MR3 Patch 15 (the latest and arguably last V4 FortiOS available), does exist and can be found on the Fortinet FTP.
All documentation that applies to and all features that are included in this FortiOS version will apply... to this FortiOS version.
Conjecture: Due to the product being EOL, you should really move away if you are using this to protect essential infrastructure that needs a high level of security; but if you're messing around and are using at home, I would suppose it should not be a problem.  Fortinet allows for a credit towards an upgrade if you turn in your old hardware, or they may just allow you to keep it (as they did mine).

Does Fortigate 100A support IPv6?


Deleting a goal trigger I created programmatically

Question: I triggered a goal programmatically when someone chose an option from a dropdown however if during the same session they choose a different value in the dropdown I want to delete the goal trigger I did and replace it with the other one they picked.  How would I do this?
Comment: This would be better as a custom contact facet. You can write rules to use these if you need the information for personalization.
Comment: Save the selection to the httpcontext session and trigger a goal on the session end event?
Comment: Is it on the same page? You may consider only the last registered goal that has been triggered
Answer: You can't "un-trigger" a goal, as it's written in xDB at this point (as pointed out by IsNull in a comment), a custom contact facet would serve you better at this point. You can re-set the facet as many times as you want, and only the latest value applies, achieving the behaviour you're looking for.
The question is, what do you want to use the data for? I.e. is there a reason that this needs to be a goal?
You can write personlization rules for the custom facet, access the data during rendering, or bring it into Sitecore reporting.
Adding a custom contact facet:
https://doc.sitecore.net/sitecore_experience_platform/setting_up_and_maintaining/xdb/contacts/create_a_custom_contact_facet


Need assistance with serial port communications in Ruby

Question: I need to do some communications over a serial port in Ruby.  From my research, it appears that there aren't many modern libraries for serial communications and the newest material I can find is from 2006.  Are there any gems that I'm not aware of?
I ultimately need to maintain communications with a serial device attached to USB (I can figure out the port no problem) for back and forth communications like so (somewhat Ruby-esque pseudo code).
<code>def serial_write_read
  if serial.read == "READY"
    serial.write "1"
    until serial.read == "OK"
      serial.write "5"
    end
    return when serial.read == "DONE"
  end
end
</code>
Answer: Just because searching for ruby-serialport will lead you sometimes here:
toholio's github repo no longer seems to be active (as of 09/2010).
The published gem comes from
http://github.com/hparra/ruby-serialport
Answer: The serial port specification has not changed in forever, I wouldn't worry about how old the libraries are.
I'm assuming you saw this article from 2006 about ruby and serial ports
Here's someone who got the Ruby-SerialPort library mentioned there to work on macs this year.
There's also this old post from ruby talk, about interfacing to the Win32 Serial API.
Comment: Thanks, I have seen most of these links and I guess that's what I'll go by, I was hoping for something new and refreshing but oh well.  Thanks!
Answer: While the serial standard has not changed, the way Ruby Gems interact with Ruby C extensions changed enough over the years so that the RubyForge serial port extension would not play well.  There have been some patches over the years on RubyForge to fix that, but it hasn't been pretty. The great news is that Github has allowed an incredible acceleration in the activity to clean up the Ruby serial port extension.  At least three different people are cross-branching their serial port code on Github.  You can search on Github, but I believe that Toholio has the latest code, which recodes and repackages the Ruby serial port as a Ruby Gem.  (Yea!)
http://github.com/toholio/ruby-serialport/tree/master
It works great for me on Linux, solving the earlier conflict with the latest Ruby Gems release.  On Windows, I'm still having a problem getting it working.  Compiling Ruby extensions on Windows is never very easy, but that is a whole 'nuther can of worms.  I'm just happy that people are working on the Ruby serial port support again.  I've asked Toholio to generate a Windows binary gem, which would solve everyone's problems, and he says it's on his list to do.


Current Direction in Mosfet

Question: As I know, the direction of current in N channel mosfet is from drain to source. Now, how this current can be pass in this circuit????
SO, why most of the reference books say, in n-channel current flows from drain to source, and for p channel from source to drain??
Comment: The LM5050 has fast response comparator to turn off the FET when current flows in the reverse direction. Does it not trigger, OP?
Answer: The reason reference books say that N-channel current flows from drain to source is that when the transistor is OFF the intrinsic diode of the transistor pevent the current from flowing from source to drain. When the transistor is ON, the current can flow in either direction as the diode is effectively shorted by the Rds(ON) of the drain to source channel.
Similar effect takes place in a P-Channel transistor.
In the shown circuit the N-Channel FET diode prevents current to flow from the output back to the input in a paralleled supplies configuration. The FET get's turned OFF when the input voltage drops below the output voltage minues some small voltage. In normal operation the FET is ON, bypassing the internal diode and ensuring minimal losses.
Comment: N-channel current flows from drain to source is that when the transistor is OFF the intrinsic diode of the transistor prevent the current from flowing from source to drain. How is it possible? in the datasheet has been explained, the mosfet is off and the current passes through body diode from source to drain
Comment: So taking the diagram in your question the SOURCE is at VIN, DRAIN at VOUT.
When VIN is within a few mV of Vout, the LM5050's internal charge pump turn the external FET ON. If for some reason VIN goes low (a short on the PSU's output) the transistor is turned OFF and the intrinsic diode of the FET blocks any current from flowing from VOUT into VIN.
Hope this clarifies your question.
Answer: No, current can flow either way between drain and source, as long as VGS is above the threshold voltage.
Answer: Next to the answer of Dave Tweed, the body diode also conducts from source to drain, independent of the gate voltage.
The body diode cannot handle huge currents, therefore in shown application it is 'shorted' by a better diode which will take most current into account.
As soon as the LM5050 senses current is flowing through the diode(s), the LM5050 opens the mosfet, allowing for smaller voltage drop of \$I \cdot R_{DSon}\$ instead of the diode's voltage drop.
The LM5050 has fast response comparator to turn off the FET when current flows in the reverse direction.
For applying ideal diodes, it is important to sense if the input voltage drops below the output voltage and to close the mosfet. Otherwise, the ideal diode will act less ideal than you thought, i.e. conducting the current both ways instead of only one way like an ideal diode would.
Regarding the textbook stating current will flow from drain to source:
I don't know if that statement is true.
Mosfets are normally applied such that the body diode will not conduct. This is the case when the drain voltage is higher than the source voltage. The latter implies current will flow from drain to source when enough gate-source voltage is applied.

Current Direction in Mosfet


Is there a bulk method of doing 301 redirects from old nodes to new node pages?

Question: I am updating an old drupal 7 site and many of the old nodes now have newer counter parts with new nodes. Since alot of my old nodes have already been spider-ed, I want to do a 301 redirect to the new nodes. I'm currently doing it manually by deleting the old node and then copying the URL alias into the redirect module and redirect it to the new node path. Is there a easier way to do this if I have 1000 nodes that need redirection?
Comment: Perhaps you mean 301 redirect?
Comment: I assume the [status code](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes) you are looking for is 301 (Moved Permanently) not 403 (Forbidden). 4XX codes do not redirect.
Comment: your right. i meant 301
Answer: Redirect Module + Path redirect import Module
The module Redirect has great options, one of which creates redirects when you rename a page and hence change an alias.
The module Path redirect import works with Redirect and allows you to upload a CSV of redirects (or use Drush), it even checks if a page you are redirecting to exists.
Answer: Have you tried the Global Redirect module, I think it will do what you are looking for.
http://drupal.org/project/globalredirect
Also have a look at this module it is rely handy it searches Google for inbound links to the site.
https://drupal.org/project/google301
Comment: nice find on the google301! ;)
Comment: Ya its rely handy, it saves a lots of time.


How to record a audio with iPhone via input cable like AUX from laptop

Question: I am trying to record a audio with iPhone via input cable like AUX from laptop
Because I have audio file to use for the voicemail greeting, So I need to record with good quality.I think if can play from the pc and get the sound trough cable can record it with good quality
Comment: Sandun, could you edit your question to make it clearer exactly what you are trying to do and what you have tried already. You could also add what sort of laptop you are using.
Answer: Actually all you need is an adapter cable that will provide the proper signals to the proper pins of the headphone jack. Note that if you have a phone without a headphone jack you will, first, need that lightning to headphone jack adapter that Apple sells.
The first thing I found was this article. It is much more than you were trying to do but it should work, none the less.
That article points to Amazon.com and a device called the Headset Buddy, which is nothing more than an adapter to go from a standard mini phono jack to the iPhone (and Android phone) headphone/mic jack.
Actually it may have some circuitry in it that does more than adapt a line-level input to your iPhone, not sure. No actual experience with this device.
The only thing I would be careful with (if you get the device linked above or something else comparable) is to start the output volume of your other device very low. I have experience with plugging stereos and the like into a Mac and the input level that a Mac and iPhone expect from a microphone is a lot lower than the output from your average audio out port on a PC or a stereo


Fiscal Year/Summary Field Issue

Question: I have set the fiscal year under administer->Localization->Date Formats. However, when looking at Summary Fields, it continues to calculate only calendar year contributions for the Total Contributions this Fiscal Year category. How do I correct?
Answer: Summary fields creates a collection of custom fields that it populates. It populates them when you first set the extension up, and then it also updates them as new contributions are stored.
I suspect that it doesn't recalculate all the fields when you update your fiscal year, you probably need to ask it explicitly to do that, eg. by resaving the configuration of the extension.

Fiscal Year/Summary Field Issue


c# new Process().Start() doesn't work on windows xp IIS 5.1

Question: I am trying to change the system date and time using cmd. I can run the cmd manually with command prompt and it works. It doesn't work when IIS5.1/XP is hosting it. Here is the method I use to run the command.
<code>/// <summary>
/// Runs a cmd and returns the response
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cmd"></param>
/// <returns>The respond of the cmd</returns>
private static string RunCmd(string cmd)
{
    var p = new Process();

    p.StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("cmd", cmd)
    {
        RedirectStandardOutput = true,
        UseShellExecute = false,
        CreateNoWindow = true
    };

    p.Start();

    string output = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();

    p.WaitForExit();

    return cmd + Environment.NewLine + output;
}
</code>
This works as expected on my dev box (windows server 2008 r2) using both cassini and IIS7. Why doesn't it work on XP/IIS5.1? I suspect it is a permissions issue. If so, how do I get the default website in IIS5.1 full blow admin permissions?
Also, here he the code I use to call the previous mentioned method.
<code>/// <summary>
/// Sets the date.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="year">The year.</param>
/// <param name="month">The month.</param>
/// <param name="day">The day.</param>
/// <remarks></remarks>
public static string SetDate(int year, int month, int day)
{
    var date = month.ToString("##") + "-" + day.ToString("##") + "-" + year.ToString("####");
    return RunCmd("CMD /c DATE " + date);
}
</code>
Answer: Can you try to take a look at the Standard Error? Maby you can see the reason why the call fails.


An example of a finitely cogenerated ring having infinitely many maximal ideals

Question: A commutative unital ring $R$  is called finitely cogenerated if an intersection of ideals of $R$ is zero, then a finite intersection of them is also zero. I am looking for a finitely cogenerated commutative unital ring $R$ with infinitely many maximal ideals.
Answer: Take $R=\mathbb Z\oplus \mathbb Z_{p^{\infty}}$. This means: (1) Start with the Prufer group $\mathbb Z_{p^{\infty}}$ for some prime $p$ and make it a commutative nonunital ring by equipping it with zero multiplication. (2) Formally adjoin a unit element by taking the direct sum $\mathbb Z\oplus \mathbb Z_{p^{\infty}}$ of additive groups and defining multiplication by $(a,u)\cdot(b,v) = (ab,av+bu)$.
Certainly $R$ is a commutative ring with unit $(1,0)$. Also, the function $(a,u)\mapsto a$ is a homomorphism from $R$ onto $\mathbb Z$. Since the latter has infinitely many maximal ideals, the former must also have infinitely many. To finish showing that $R$ satisfies all the conditions it suffices to explain why the following is true:
Claim. If $\{I_k\;|\;k\in K\}$ is a set of ideals and $\bigcap_{k\in K} I_k$ is zero, then one of the ideals $I_k$ is already zero.
Proof of Claim. (Contrapositive)
Note that $N = \{0\}\oplus \mathbb Z_{p^{\infty}}$ is an ideal which squares to zero, and its subideals are exactly those of the form $\{0\}\oplus H$ where $H$ is an additive subgroup of $\mathbb Z_{p^{\infty}}$.
Let me argue that if $I$ is a nonzero ideal of $R$, then $I\cap N$ is also nonzero, hence $I\cap N = \{0\}\oplus H$ for some nonzero subgroup $H\leq \mathbb Z_{p^{\infty}}$. To this end, suppose that $(a,u)\in I-\{(0,0)\}$. If $a=0$, then $(0,0)\neq (a,u)=(0,u)\in I\cap N$, and we are done in this case. In the alternative case where $a\neq 0$, there is some $v\in\mathbb Z_{p^{\infty}}$ such that $av\neq 0$, hence $(0,0)\neq (0,av)=(a,u)\cdot (0,v)\in I\cap N$. Our assertion is established.
Now, $\mathbb Z_{p^{\infty}}$ is a subdirectly irreducible abelian group, so it has a least nonzero subgroup $H$, and by the result of the previous paragraph $\{0\}\oplus H$ is contained in every nonzero ideal of $R$. Hence if all $I_k, k\in K$, are nonzero, then $\bigcap_{k\in K} I_k\neq 0$. \\\
Comment: $R$ is the [idealization](http://math.stackexchange.com/a/207468/121097) of the $\mathbb Z$-module $\mathbb Z_{p^{\infty}}$, and its (maximal) ideals are easily determined.


Are we wrong about Bakelite formation mechanism?

Question: In the reaction of phenol with acetyl chloride the oxygen of the phenol attacks the acetyl chloride. In Bakelite formation we know that pi electrons attack the carbonyl carbon of formaldehyde.My question is shouldn't the oxygen atom of phenol attack the formalaldehyde just as in the reaction of phenol with acetyl chloride?
Comment: I'm having a little trouble understanding what you're trying to ask. Could you try separating this into two sentences? I'd do it, but I don't want to misinterpret.
Answer:
C-acylation : acylating agent (acyl chloride or anhydride) and $\ce{AlCl3}$
O-acylation : acylating agent (acyl chloride or anhydride).This is the one which you have talked about in the question.

Since the formation of bakelite is by Lederer Manasse reaction which proceeds through electrophilic aromatic substitution on phenol, its path is similar to that in C- acylation and not O-acylation.
Hence, the polymerisation of phenol and formaldehyde takes place either from two places:

For para substitution end:

For ortho substitution end:
Comment: Please cite the sources for your pictures, and preferably text.
Comment: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reazione_di_Lederer-Manasse I have learnt about reactions that  proceed through EAS (hence the above reactions: Lederer  Manasse and Friedel Craft Acylation) hence the text is my original passed down by my professor.


Does an Iranian with German residency need a visa to enter Romania?

Question: I am from Iran but I study and live in Germany now. Do I need to apply for visa to participate in a conference being held in Romania?
Comment: I study in Germany too. And I recently visited Romania with my Schengen residence permit for a couple of days. No issues!
Answer: As stated by Timatic, the database used by Airlines:

Visa required, except for Passengers with a residence permit
  issued by Germany for a maximum stay of 90 days

So no, you do not Need a visa; at the border just present your passport and residence permit
Answer: No, you don't need to get a visa if you fall into one of the categories listed below:

Holders of Schengen visas with two or multiple entries, national visas
  or residence permits issued by Schengen Member States.
Starting July 11, 2014, in keeping with the provisions of Decision No
  565/2014/EU, Romania acknowledges as being equivalent to its own
  national visas, for transit and for stays up to 90 days per period of
  180 days the following:

The two or multiple entry short-stay visa issued by a Schengen member state;
The limited territorial validity visa issued by a Schengen member state;
The short-stay visa issued by Bulgaria, Cyprus or Croatia;
The long-stay visa issued by a Schengen member state;
The long-stay visa issued by Bulgaria, Cyprus or Croatia;
The residence permit issued by a Schengen member state;
The residence permit issued by Bulgaria, Cyprus or Croatia
The long-term resident's EC residence permit (the validity of which is of 5 years or more) issued by a member state of the European Union.

Source: Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs


Has anybody use javafx on CDC J9?

Question: Is that possible??
I mean, I have an already working project that runs in windows mobile using the J9 virtual machine for CDC. My user interface there is using AWT and it works fine and it looks OK, but been honest it doesn't take real advantage of the devices were is running...
So I start reading about JavaFX and that looks really cool, but all that I see about mobiles there is applied to CLDC, MIDP, etc. but my application is already running on CDC J9 and I can't change this cause I'm using a Derby database on it.
So, my plan is to code the GUI again, but keeping the logic of the application. So do you guys think javafx is the way to go? or, am I wasting my time learning javafx for this project.
Thanks in advance,
Gustavo.
Answer: If the UI is looking ok then I wouldn't do it again in JavaFX. The biggest plus you gain with JavaFX is a very nice UI which can be developed relative fast.
See here for windows mobile support, but for the user JavaFX must be preinstalled in the OS and to be honest: I don't know if this is the case for any current mobile OS.
See this FAQ for more information.
Answer: JavaFX works with CLDC for Mobile platforms and CDC on TV Platforms, and only with Oracle JVMs.

Has anybody use javafx on CDC J9?


Activity - custom date format display incorrect

Question: I've added a date and time field to an activity ('departure date'). The problem is that it steadfastly refuses to display as anything other than YYYY-MM-DD HH-MM-SS even though the custom field is specified as d MM yy with a 12 hour time format. This is when I hit 'View' against an activity in a list of case activities and get a pop up. Which does look odd when the activity date is displayed correctly as (e.g.) 14 June, 2021 1:03pm. My 'date preferences' were all set to default (I'm in the UK) but to try and fix this this I've set the 2 activity dates formats to d MM yy, and the custome the same.  But to no avail.  Civi is at 5.37.2 - I guess a bug?
Problem raised as this issue
Comment: I see the same thing just haven't noticed since my date setting actually is yyyy-mm-dd. I'd post a lab ticket.
Comment: display 'where'?
Comment: only asking as there is an outstanding issue of time/date not displaying in specified format in eg receipts
Comment: Edited the question & added 'This is when I hit 'View' against an activity in a list of case activities & get a pop up'
Comment: I can see the same problem on other activity types too where there is a custom date field. The activity date shows up as d MM y but the custom date is dd/mm/yyy (where there is no time field)
Comment: is it the same outcome if you right click and open as new tab? (just to confirm it isn't pop-up only behaviour?)
Comment: It's the same problem in a new tab
Answer: This is specific to civicase activities and it's because the view form uses its own way of displaying custom fields that's different from regular activities. I posted this quickie patch in the lab ticket but it's not the best long-term solution:
diff --git a/templates/CRM/Case/Form/ActivityView.tpl b/templates/CRM/Case/Form/ActivityView.tpl
index 9bc3c3d781..868c69c512 100644
--- a/templates/CRM/Case/Form/ActivityView.tpl
+++ b/templates/CRM/Case/Form/ActivityView.tpl
@@ -54,7 +54,11 @@
             {foreach from=$customGroup item=customField name=fields}

                 {$customField.label}
+                {if $customField.type == 'Date'}
+                {$customField.value|crmDate}
+                {else}
                 {$customField.value}
+                {/if}

             {/foreach}
           {/foreach}


Does saying "no, you can't contact my employer" on an application hurt your chances of getting the job?

Question: I recently applied for a job and I filled out everything online. There is one question that says, "Can we contact your current employer?"  I marked, "No," because I did not want them to call my supervisor because I don't want him to know I am applying for jobs. Does doing this hurt a candidate's chances of getting the job?  (I could explain the problem in the interview.)
Comment: In most cases the reason they ask is because they are ok with situations like yours. If they didn't ask, it would mean they insist on being able to contact the current employer and don't want your application if they can't.
Comment: Anyone hiring that would hold this against a candidate clearly doesn't understand how the job market works or they prefer to hire people who are not currently employed.
Comment: Well, and a lot of companies know that you're leaving. For example, term contracts, positions closing, etc. In that case, there's no reason not to let them ask. (Unless, of course, they don't have good things to say... :-o  )
Comment: It's hard to comment on them, but you're describing standard operating procedure for most people. I would be furious if somebody contacted an employer prior to the references and formalities stage.
Comment: I think you could improve this question by also asking how offset the problem enough to get an interview.  I don't think it hurts getting the job as much as it hurts getting the interview in the first place.  If you get the interview you can explain why and mitigate the problem
Answer: From my experience it is normal to ask that your current employer not be contacted about your job search. Every job I have applied for a job, I have responded with a no to this question. You will not look like you have something to hide by saying no - you will look like someone who doesn't want to put your current employment in jeopardy.
The majority of companies should understand that candidates don't want their current employer tipped off to the fact they are searching for a job. That being said I'm sure there are a few cases out there were saying no has gone against someone but I've yet to hear of it based solely on this reason alone.
Answer:
Does doing this hurt a candidate's chances of getting the job?

It depends, many people don't want their current employer aware of the fact that they are applying for jobs.  So I think that is understood.  You can perhaps alleviate any possible misunderstandings of your choice to deny access to your current employer by allowing them to contact previous employers. Then it should be ok.
However, if your current job is the primary job in the field that you are applying for, then it will be difficult for Human Resources to verify your employment history.  If that's the case, then you may need some outside verification of your skills: Stack Overflow, LinkedIn Recommendations, Personal Blog, etc.
Comment: If you have a coworker that you're close with, ask them if you could use them as a reference. Or just ask for recommendations on LinkedIn and hide your profile updates.  You have options.
Comment: What about reference ?
Comment: Yes, I did have their name listed.


Mesh's Smooth Shade Problem

Question: i used smooth shade in a mesh and it responde me with a
strange behavior. Some parts of my mesh has smooth shade but for other parts it doesn't have. I tried recalculate inside/outside normals. And a few other things i have read but none of them has worked so far. And one more importing thing is that when i try scultping mode it starts working but as i went back to object mode and render it doesn't work.

This is object mode. As you can see above some parts of it has smooth shade other parts doesn't.

And in this sculpt mode. Which works fine.

And last this one above is different mesh. The look i want in the first mesh should be like this. But can't find a way to fix it.
Answer: Yeah, i found out a solution. If someone has a problem like this, what it i did is; I joined smooth shade problem mesh to non smooth shade mesh(This mesh has smooth shade working). And as i joined it fixed ! Then i separate the mesh i joined. That's all i hope this might help someone.

Mesh's Smooth Shade Problem


featureclass legend

Question: Is there any way to specify a legend before I attribute a featureclass in ARCMAP 10? I have a featureclass layer that has many thousands of polygons, I have to go through and individually attribute them, but it would be great if I could pre-define the symbology such that as I attribute polygons they will be filled in. More importantly, there will be approximately 150 different fill colors, I would like to be able to import the rgb values from a table, rather than manually input the values.
Answer: That is called creating attribute domain values. That is supported in geodatabases (any level).
A Quick Tour of Attribute Domains
After you create a domain and assign it to a layer then you would want to create a feature template for editing.
Comment: @Gabriele When you find a reply useful, please vote it up.  When it's a great, or at least the most useful reply, please mark it accepted.  Doing these things enhances your reputation and increases the value of the replies for other people.

featureclass legend


should you include DV in MCAR when missings are found in IVs?

Question: can anyone please help me with this question, can't find a satisfactory answer on the stats sites.
A reviewer of one of my articles commented that I should include the DVs in my MCAR analysis. But i only have missings in my IVs.
thanks
Answer: There is some guidance in this article by Sterne and colleagues in the BMJ. They point to a cautionary tale where not including the outcome in the imputation model was potentially mis-leading. So the reviewer has a point.


Why do we use a current source to relax tradeoff between voltage gain and voltage headroom?

Question: My textbook [Fundamentals of Microelectronics: B. Razavi] claims that in order to relax the tradeoff between voltage gain and voltage headroom, we use a current source in place of the load resistor. I don't understand the reasoning behind it, and neither has it been mentioned in the book.
Comment: Since headroom implies deviation of tolerance from the optimum midpoint and Av has a square root sensitivity with current, it has a wider % tolerance than a fixed Linear R % tolerance.
Comment: @TonyStewart.EEsince'75
Hey! Can you please explain a little whether what voltage headroom means exactly? I can't find a good answer via google, and the book doesn't define it. My assumption till now was the amplitude of the AC signal that can be used for small signal analysis.
Comment: headroom is margin to clipping or saturation
Answer: The common source amplifier has a voltage gain of $$A_v = -g_m(R_{\text{L}} \parallel r_o)$$
where \$R_{\text{L}}\$ is the load resistor, and \$r_o\$ is the small signal output resistance of the MOSFET which is generally high (usually \$R_{\text{L}} \ll r_o\$ for reasonable values of \$R_{\text{L}}\$). Increasing \$R_{\text{L}}\$ increases the gain of the circuit.
However, increasing \$R_{\text{L}}\$ also reduces the voltage headroom for the output voltage because of Ohm's Law. The output voltage in terms of \$R_{\text{L}}\$ is
$$v_{\text{out}} = V_{\text{DD}} - i_{\text{D}}R_{\text{L}}$$
However, \$v_{\text{out}}\$ is limited to the range 0V to \$V_{\text{DD}}\$ (the "headroom"). Increasing \$R_{\text{L}}\$ means that \$v_{\text{out}}\$ will hit the 0V rail sooner. You could reduce \$I_{\text{D}}\$ to improve headroom, but that also lowers the gain because \$g_m\$ is proportional to \$I_{\text{D}}\$: $$g_m = \sqrt{2\mu C_{ox}\frac{W}{L}I_{\text{D}}}$$
The only way to increase both headroom and gain with a resistively-loaded common source amplifier is to increase \$V_{\text{DD}}\$, which is usually undesirable and/or not an option.
A current source fixes this problem. An ideal current source has infinite output resistance, which would result in infinite gain for the common source. An ideal current source also supplies a constant current regardless of the voltage across it (it does not obey Ohm's Law). A real current source has finite but high output resistance and isn't entirely independent of the voltage across it, but it nonetheless relaxes this tradeoff between gain and headroom.
Comment: actually headroom  is a product of both \$i_D, R_L\$ so both contribute equally to saturation or clipping but the gain is also constant with constant current. and as explained before has reduced sensitivity with gain.
Comment: @TonyStewart.EEsince'75 Well, \$i_D\$ is proportional to \$g_m\$ so you lose gain if you reduce \$i_D\$ in order to improve headroom. I've edited my answer to explain that further.
Answer: I'll do the analysis for BJTs, but the same principles apply for other transistors.
Consider the situation with a passive load, i.e. Resistor, instead of the current source. The gain is:
$$A = \dfrac{R}{r_e}$$
You may be thinking that all you need to do to increase the gain is to increase the resistor. However, that is not the case, provided you keep the Q point the same.
Let the Q point voltage, at the collector, be \$V_Q\$. The quiescent current is then:
$$I_Q = \frac{V_{CC} - V_Q}{R}$$
The transconductance can be used here:
$$g_m= \frac{1}{r_e} = \frac{I_Q}{V_T} = \frac{V_{CC} - V_Q}{R V_T}$$
The gain then becomes:
$$A = \frac{V_{CC} - V_Q}{V_T}$$
So the only way to increase the gain is to move the Q point. If you increase the collector resistance, the emitter resistance increases accordingly. But you can move the Q point only so much, before your output signal starts clipping, or you hit the limits set by the rails. This is what is meant by head room.
Current sources, on the other hand can circumvent that. You can have very high collector resistance, because of the current source, and still have a Q point in the middle of the supply rails. The current source will simply change its voltage to compensate.
With a current source you can achieve gains that exceed what you are able to achieve with passive components. At 5V the theoretical maximum gain you can achieve with just a resistor at room temperature is 200, when you set the Q point at 0V. An actively loaded BJT with a BJT current source can easily achieve a gain of around 2000.


How do I disable or hide the pink background on missing fonts

Question: How do I disable or hide the pink background on missing fonts? I do not care that the fonts are missing. I do not want to install the fonts. I do not want to replace the fonts in the file; I want to keep the fonts the same even though I have opened the file on a computer that does not have these fonts installed.
Answer: Understand that you can not "Keep the fonts the same" unless you install the fonts on your system. The pink background is telling you that the fonts are not displaying correctly.
In any event, you can turn off the pink background by navigating to Preferences > Type and unchecking the Enable Missing Glyph Protection option or, if using Illustrator CC, the Highlight Substituted Fonts option.
Comment: I left Enable Missing Glyph Protection checked and unchecked "Highlight Substituted Fonts" and that did what I wanted. Thanks
Comment: By "Keep the fonts the same" I mean that when I save the file and open it on a computer with the fonts installed, I don't want any of the fonts to have changed.
Comment: "Highlight Substituted font" is an Illustrator CC option. It's not in CS6. I was looking at CS6 at the time :)
Answer: Try: Preferences > Type and make sure'Highlight Substituted Fonts' is unchecked


Scope creation and batarang

Question: Consider the following:
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset=utf-8 />
<title>Exploring directives</title>

  <my-directive>
    Some text
  </my-directive>
  {{Info.Version}}

JS
var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
app.run(function($rootScope) {
  $rootScope.Info = {};
  $rootScope.Info.Name = 'rootScope';
  $rootScope.Info.Version = '18.104.22.168';
});
app.directive('myDirective', function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'E',
    templateUrl: 'my-directive.html',
    scope: false
  };
});

Batarang

From what I have seen, $rootScope is never displayed (but I'm guessing it would be labeled Scope (001) if it was).
When I change scope to true in the JS:
app.directive('myDirective', function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'E',
    templateUrl: 'my-directive.html',
    scope: true
  };
});

It appears that $rootScope is pushed down to Scope (002):

Can somebody please explain what is happening? Why does $rootScope appear to be pushed down? What is above it then? Here is jsbin link: http://jsbin.com/udALigA/1/
Comment: Did you ever figure out why rootScope doesn't show up or why it shows up with an id of 002 instead of 001?
Comment: Not yet but would like to hear the answer.
Answer: normally directives create their own scope (in this case Scope (002)), but when you set scope: true in myDirective it will inherit the scope of the parent element.
at least, that's what i'm assuming is happening here as I've never seen it done that way before. Normally you would use scope to define certain variables within your directive so that you could pass in parameters with the html tag like so:
<my-directive someVar="true">
  Some text
</my-directive>

then you could pull the value of someVar into the directive by using:
scope: {
  someVar: '@' //or '=' if you wanted two-way binding
}

then you could use someVar in a controller that you linked to the directive.
a more common way of pulling down the scope of the parent element is by using the transclude assignment in the directive:
transclude: true

Scope creation and batarang


Multiplayer freezing at main menu

Question: Can someone help me? When I try to click multiplayer at the main menu on Black Ops 2 for Xbox 360 and I just can play zombies online and not multiplayer. When I try to click it when I want to play, it just freezes and I have to reset my Xbox and it just keep on doing that and before it did that to zombies and I could just play multiplayer online and now it is happening again.
Can you help me, please?
Answer: All I can suggest as far as what I would do is to contact either COD BO2 technical support (if there is one) or xbox customer support.
Aside from that, I can't help. Sorry, but I hope you can get this resolved!

Multiplayer freezing at main menu


Including text at the end of every post

Question: I would like to include some text at the end of every post. Like how some people write "Like my posts? Follow me on twitter!" or something like that. There are some buttons for users to tweet or share the posts, but I want to see how people would respond to explicit suggestions.
I thought maybe I can just copy-paste it over and over again, but if I ever decide to change it, I'd have to update every one of them, so that isn't a very scalable solution.
I also have existing posts that I wish to have this text appear.
I'm thinking of changing the theme so that each post has the text, but that doesn't seem like a very "wordpress" way to do it.
What is a good way to accomplish this? Being able to choose which posts have the text or not (eg: based on category, tags, etc.) would be nice.
Answer: You can try the the_content filter, to append/prepend text to the post content.
Here's a simple example:
add_filter( 'the_content', function( $content ) {

    if( is_single() && has_tag( 'follow-me-on-twitter' ) )
    {
        $content .= '
Like my posts? Follow me on twitter!
';
    }
    return $content;

}, 99 );

where we append the extra text if the current single post has the follow-me-on-twitter tag.
Other ideas:

You can do something similar for categories with the has_category() function.
You might consider adding an extra taxonomy to your posts, that's not visible on your site, to handle the markings. Then you need has_term() instead.
You can use the post meta (custom fields) to mark each post. Maybe add a meta box with a select box.
...
Answer: What is referred to as a "template part" seems to fit exactly your need here.
WP Template Part ref
Simply write up the snippet that produces the message you would like to repeat in a php file and call it with <?php get_template_part( $slug, $name ); ?>

Including text at the end of every post


Is it possible to plot more than two scalars in the same plot in tensorboard?

Question: Is it possible to plot more than two scalars in the same plot? More specifically. it could allow:

training loss and test loss being plotted together
regularization loss and top level loss to be plotted together.
maybe adding accuracy on the right vertical axis

Just name a few. This would help a lot.
Answer: The github documentation for TensorBoard says that it only overlaps plots from different runs with the same tag name, so this won't work. If you'd like this feature please file a bug.


Is this a Northern Black Widow?

Question: I'm in Florida and my 5 year old spotted a spider on an old watering pale toy. It looks like a widow in shape and color, and has red spots down it's back. Most black widows here don't have anything on their backs, so I took to the web to try and be safe, and found that the Northern variant has spots, but all the pictures I found have the spots blended towards the back end and they don't seem to have the outline around the spots like this spider.
Comment: Your spider has red circles outlined in white (it is visible if you zoom in). This, indeed, looks like a dusty Latrodectus variolus
Comment: Also, I didn't flip it over to check for the typical hourglass on the abdomen as I didn't feel confident that I could do so without harming the spider or potentially myself.
Comment: A jar would have be handy. Honestly, if a black widow can have a grey velvety abdomen with no red spots? I'd wager 200 it isn't.
Comment: @LifeInTheTrees it was covered in dirt so that would explain the velvety grey color, and the red spots are surely there, you'll need to view the full image and zoom in a bit, apologies for the poor quality. Also, didn't have a jar available.
Comment: @JimN just glad my 5 year old didn't disturb it enough to cause any issues! Thanks for the help!
Answer: Yes it appears to be a male Norther black widow covered in dust. Here's an image using different color balance:

These species of black widow are found in Florida: Latrodectus mactans (Southern black widow), Latrodectus geometricus (brown widow), Latrodectus bishopi (red widow), and Latrodectus variolus (Northern black widow) (Edwards 2002).
quote:
Only the bites of the females are dangerous to humans. Despite their notoriety, Latrodectus bites rarely cause death or produce serious complications.(wiki)
male
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Black_widow_post_dorsal_1370.jpg
female:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Latrodectus_variolus_%28Northern_Black_Widow%29%2C_F_Theridiidae.jpg/580px-Latrodectus_variolus_%28Northern_Black_Widow%29%2C_F_Theridiidae.jpg

Is this a Northern Black Widow?


How to increase VM HDD and RAM sizes?

Question: I installed Ubuntu 14.04 VM on VirtualBox. I used this VM for several weeks. I need to increase its RAM and HDD size. Is there a way to do so?
Answer: For memory at least, this can be done in the settings for the VM - in 4.3.10 atleast, this can be found under 'System':

You may also want to increase the video memory:

For the hard disk, if you chose 'Dynamically Allocated' it should automatically increase its size up to the fixed size you gave it when you first set up the VM. You may be able to resize it with modifyhd or something else - see here or here. A bit more information on that can be found here. You can view info on the VM's storage under 'Storage' in settings:
Comment: The guest OS has to be off (not in a saved state) in order to have the memory options enabled.
Comment: Very good comment !
Answer: sure you can.
To add some more ram to the VM press alt+f2 and type virtualbox.
Select desired VM and got to "Settings" menu. After go to system and on the right you will be able to increase RAM.
It is not so easy to resize HDD, here is a good how-to with screenshots.
Comment: no need to show how to open virtual box
Comment: The link is dead
Answer: It worked for me
Read this link, explained clearly with screenshots
https://itsfoss.com/increase-disk-size-virtualbox/

How to increase VM HDD and RAM sizes?


Are Davis Cup matches accepted as official matches, do they appear in the players' stats?

Question: Are Davis Cup matches counted as official matches for the players?
Answer: Yes they are. The ATP World Tour shows the Davis Cup Finals in their official Calendar of tournaments, which links to the page Davis Cup Finals.
It is also important to note this from ATP Rankings in Wikipedia:

Starting in 2016, points were no longer awarded for Davis Cup ties,16 nor for the tennis tournament at the Summer Olympics.17
Answer: Davis Cup matches do count towards a player's official stats, head to head record.
But not all zone group matches do count.
e.g. Group IV Africa does not count.

Most of the time, by Davis Cup people mean Davis Cup Finals (World Group up to 2019) but it is worth knowing it's a multi-layer competition.


Is coffee with milk a health risk?

Question: Recently a friend of mine told me that caffeine together with milk can create some carcinogenic compound. I haven't heard about it so far, neither found an article about it on google. Is there any possibility that this is true?
Answer: Milk doesn't affect caffeine effects.
Adding milk can affect the time in which your body absorbs caffeine, it is extended, but you won't probably feel this.
In 1997, scientists discovered that your nervous system won't be as stimulated (compared to drinking dark coffee) when you'll drink coffee with milk, but there won't be much of a difference in the concentration of caffeine in your blood.
There's no confirmation that milk reacts with caffeine and affects it in any way, but there's a thing with which milk does interact. It's called CGA, chlorogenic acid, a highly active polyphenol with glycolytic and insulin-sensitizing properties and, of course, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Adding milk to coffee can lower the bioavailability of chlorogenic acid and other polyphenols by binding them to milk proteins, especially beta-lactoglobulin.
You won't feel the difference so much, you'd have to look at numbers on your blood test to tell that there's something different apart from the taste of the coffee.
Nothing's gonna be a problem unless you don't have moderation on how much you drink it.
Comment: Interesting! Could you perhaps link to your sources?
Comment: https://kawa.pl/artykuly/dobry-i-zly-wplyw-mleka-w-kawie/ and also https://zywienie.abczdrowie.pl/kawa-z-mlekiem-wlasciwosci-rodzaje?amp=1, but I've also asked my chemistry teacher.
Comment: Now if only I spoke Polish... :-)
Comment: Yeah, sorry for that. https://coffeecorner.com/general/healthier-black-coffee-coffee-milk/ seems also like a good article and it's in English.

Is coffee with milk a health risk?


"PKDownloadError error 8" upon Catalina update

Question: How do I resolve this? Error was encountered on a 2018 MacBook Air.
Comment: I encountered the same thing on 2018 MacBook Pro (13-inch, Four Thunderbolt 3 Ports)
Answer: I have been pulling my hair out with the same problem over the past few days, and have isolated the PKDownloadError error 8 issue - I was able to solve this via 2 methods:

use my iPhone's hotspot as the wifi for the update (note: this is
slower AND may be very expensive depending on your cellphone plan)
change the DNS settings on my home router to OpenDNS
(https://use.opendns.com/), allowing me to use my home internet
(faster & cheaper)
Comment: Thank You, for pointing out OpenDNS, changing DNS solved the issue
Comment: I have a good stable connection, the DNS issue was really the thing tripping it up. I must had tried installing over 30 times, by using a different DNS (google one), it got through without a hinge.
Comment: So all my hate against the Apple installer was just an issue with my ISP DNS.. https://www.techradar.com/news/best-dns-server
Comment: this solution also worked for me. thanks
Answer: My co-worker and I encountered the same thing on our 2018 MacBook Pro (13-inch, Four Thunderbolt 3 Ports) computers.
I found that I needed to restart my computer in Safe Mode (hold Shift key during restart) and then I was able to complete the download and install of Catalina.
My coworker's solution: It turns out that having Cisco AnyConnect installed on the computer interferes with the installation somehow.  My coworker used the Cisco AnyConnect Uninstaller to remove the program, ran the installer again successfully, and then re-installed Cisco AnyConnect.
Answer: First solution:
It is reported that this error occurs during the installation of macOS Catalina if the Internet connection is interrupted or disconnected.
Make sure that the Mac has an active wi-fi or ethernet connection and that the Internet works as expected, and then try to install macOS Catalina again.
Second solution
The Recovery Mode installer of Catalina appears to not be able to properly partition the drive.
Install High Sierra or earlier macOS from Recovery Mode and then upgrade to Catalina or install Catalina (or High Sierra) from a bootable drive.
Answer: I was having this error using a Catalina installer on a USB key I made with createinstallmedia. Using this method, the installer shouldn't have to download anything, so a 'download' error didn't make sense.
Purpose: Encrypting and clearing drive in order to return the computer to seller.
Prep work: After encrypting drive, I deleted the old APFS container with Terminal, then I formatted the drive as a single APFS volume named 'Macintosh HD'.
Installation: After beginning the installation, the bar would begin to fill with '3 minutes remaining'. Once it got to about 80%, it said '2 minutes remaining' and it would hold up. A minute or so sitting there and it would give the same error stated above. I retried this a few times.
Fix: I turned off WiFi (completely disconnected from Internet). After doing this, the installation completed as expected.
Suspicions:
The installer app I used was downloaded 3 weeks prior to using it. These do have a short 'expiration' period. Usually resetting the clock to be right after the original download time fixes that issue, but it did not fix it here. Still, communication with Apple's servers or an attempt to download an updated utility could have notified the installer of a discrepancy and forced an error.
Comment: Turning off the wifi worked for me. I don't think checking for an internet connection during an OS installation like this is reasonable!
Answer: I faced the same error with a brand new installation, I don't know about your case. You can reboot your mac then hold the "option key". You will see a select box to select a wi-fi network after that the recovery by the internet will start. That way you can install a version before Catalina. In my case was Sierra. Then after the new installation, you can update to Catalina!
Answer: For what it is worth, this had to have been a content filter issue for me.  I have prepped 2 new Macs, a 2019 Air and a 2019 MBP, and got this error on both my wired and wireless networks.
I was able to plug the same devices on edge connections (read: less restrictive internet connections) and the install went through with no issue.
If I had time, I would try to see what resource was being blocked, but at least for now, I know what was causing the error and how to get past it.
Austin
-Network Administrator @ a large 9-12 Educational Institution
Answer: Just solve this problem.
Step 1 Backup just in case. You can backup your important files to the cloud or everywhere you prefer.
Step 2 Move the downloaded installer to the Trash.
Step 3 Shut down your Mac.
Step 4 Turn it on and immediately press and hold these four keys together: Option, Command, P, and R. You can release the keys after about 20 seconds, during which your Mac might appear to restart. On Mac computers that play a startup sound, you can release the keys after the second startup sound. [This is NVRAM reset!]
Step 5 Go to the App Store, find Catalina, and download again.
Step 6 Follow the instruction and wait for like 30 minutes. Now you should get the new macOS.
If the error still pops up, change to another network connection.
Answer: I had this same PKDownload error in November 2020 when trying to d/l Big Sur.  I spent close to 5 hours with Apple Support, being bumped up to the Apple Senior Enginer level of help.
I was told that this error is a Network Error.  Long story short, we never solved the problem, but do read on.
I go the PK error on my 2015 iMac running Catalina.  I then went to my wife's brand new 2019 MB Pro:  same download error.
The only thing in common between the two Macs was the router and so, on a hunch, took the MB Pro next door, logged onto my neighbor's WiFi, and successfully downloaded and installed Big Sur.
Answer: In my case I had to change my firewall settings in my router from average to low.
Comment: Ahh... Apple... We don't care about the other devices on your network as long as you are running our operating systems.


Is it correct to say "like poles attract, unlike poles repel" while two magnets are placed such that one is inside another?

Question: As we know a solenoid is considered as a electromagnet(magnet) if there's a current flowing through it. if a soft iron core is placed inside the solenoid, the former get magnetised. Consider the solenoid as a hollow bar magnet, and the magnetised soft iron core inside as a bar magnet. The poles of the magnets next to each other is of same polarity. Is there attracting force between the two magnets? If so, does it mean "like poles attract, unlike poles repel" while two magnets are placed such that one is inside another?
Comment: i get it now, spurred on by @MikeDunlavey's comment.  outside of the solenoid opposites attract.  the main difference between a bar magnet and a solenoid is that there isn't the hollow interior of a bar magnet where "like poles attract".  i stand corrected.
Comment: it's the other way around.  like poles repel, unlike poles attract.
Comment: @robertbristow-johnson in the situation described by the OP, the like pole of the inner magnet would be attracted to orienting towards the like pole of the other magnet
Comment: A solenoid coil is not like a bar magnet. It is like a sleeve around a bar magnet. The magnetic lines of force go down the inside and up the outside (or vice versa).
Comment: and i think, @Jimnosperm, that it's still the case: whether it's a bar magnet or a solenoid, N attacts S and N repels N.
Comment: @robertbristow-johnson what you think is irrelevant. The physics of the situation don't change according to your opinions, they firmly say that the north pole of the magnet will align towards the north pole of the solenoid
Comment: what any of us "think" is irrelevant.  magnetic phenomena are a result of moving charge.  whether it's a bar magnet or a solenoid.  "they" have evidently reversed the convention of assigning the labels "N" and "S" regarding a solenoid vs. a bar magnet.
Answer: A solenoid induces a magnetic field in the iron bar kept inside it. This is not the same as inserting a permanent bar magnet inside the solenoid.
The induced magnetic field is in the same direction as the original magnetic field. One way of thinking about this is that the domains in the iron bar line up with the external field, producing a net magnetic field in the same direction as the original.
However if you consider a permanent bar magnet kept in a solenoid, and the solenoid was large enough such that the bar magnet could rotate in any arbitrary direction, once the solenoid is switched on, the bar magnet will align itself with the solenoid's field. This has to do with minimizing the energy in the magnetic field. The energy is given by
 $$ E = - m .\vec{B} $$
so clearly if $m$ and $B$ are in the same direction, it is a lower energy configuration than if $m$ and $B$ are in opposite directions.
Answer: A solenoid can behave like a bar magnet but its not a bar magnet. When a current is passed through a solenoid magnetic field is induced in and around it, field lines of which resemble those of a bar magnet. But the solenoid doesn't become a bar magnet. We do not talk about poles of a solenoid but the field in and around it. Its just a magnetic field created like the magnetic field created around a current carrying wire, field lines of which encircles the wire. A magnet needle placed in the magnetic field, $B$, of a current carrying wire will align itself in the way that the field lines of $B$ will appear to enter the S-pole of the needle and leave the N-pole.Similarly, if you put a bar magnet inside a solenoid the bar magnet will align itself with the field inside the solenoid in the same way as shown in the figure.

The bigger rectangle is the solenoid and the smaller one is a bar magnet. Field lines inside the solenoid enters the S-pole of the bar magnet and leaves the N-pole.If we put a soft iron core in place of the bar magnet, the field lines inside the solenoid will be concentrated inside the core because of its high permeability relative to air. The field will align the dipoles in the core like the bar magnet in the previous explanation.
Comment: *"we do not talk about north pole and south pole of a solenoid."*  really??  whether it's a bar magnet or a solenoid, magnetic forces are the consequence of circular (or some loop geometry) motion of charge.  "N" and "S" are conventions, just like "+" and "-" and the right-hand rule.  + charge going around clockwise on some plane causes an N pole coming out of the face of that plane according to the right-hand rule.  it's the same whether it's a bar magnet or a solenoid (even if there is a measurable current in the latter).
Comment: @robertbristow-johnson we generally do not talk about poles of a solenoid but we talk more about the field when there is a current through it. But we always and often talk about N and S pole of a bar magnet. I felt the OP has a misconception about the magnetic field of the solenoid which I tried to explain by drawing "field lines" And a solenoid really isn't a bar magnet. Its better to talk about fields and explain with the help of "field lines" to avoid confusions.
Comment: i see the error of my ways (take a look at the comments to the OP).  i stand corrected.
Answer: "Like poles repel, unlike poles attract" is kind of a misleading analogy(I find it strange that I realized this after reading your question).
What actually is happening is that the tiny magnetic dipoles inside the magnetic material(a bar of iron, for example) align with the direction of the magnetic field. Look at this field line diagram of a bar magnet.
(source: tutorvista.com)
Observe that the field to the right of the north pole is rightward in direction. Now what happens if you place a tiny magnetic dipole in this region?
It will rotate and try to align with the direction of the magnetic field. That means its magnetic dipole moment vector will have the same direction as the magnetic field vector. The North-South poles of this dipole will arrange in such a way that the south pole faces the north pole of the magnet.
Now consider the case of a large bar of iron, which has similar numerous tiny dipole described above, whose directions are randomly oriented and cancel out in the absence of a magnetic field. When you bring this bar near to the north pole of the magnet, all those tiny dipoles align with the direction of the magnetic field inside the bar. This leads to a greater net dipole moment of the bar, which we also refer to as the north-south poles of this bar. Observe that the south pole will be formed near the north pole.

The same thing happens when you place this bar inside a solenoid. Suppose you have a solenoid whose field inside goes from left to right. The net dipole moment you'll observe will be such that the south pole is towards the left, and the north pole towards the right. This you see as the north pole forming near the north pole of the solenoid.

All that is happening is that the tiny magnetic dipoles are aligning in direction to the magnetic field.
Answer: A magnetic pole is just the location where field lines leave (North) or enter (South) a magnet. A hollow magnet therefor has internal poles such that again the good old rule applies that unlike poles attract and likes repel.


How to handle multiple Fragments for a single Activity

Question: I have recently started to take a look at developing apps for my android device. What started this interest for me is I was playing around with a few arduinos had the great idea to make them communicate with my phone, as say an interface for whatever values I am measuring on the arduino itself. Now I could take the easy way out and use a public source to accomplish this but there isn't as much to learn that way, and I would like it the way I want it.
Now I suppose the first question I need to ask is, would multiple fragments/single activity be the best way for me to accomplish this? Basically, I want 1 connection to the arduino, pull all the values, but depending on the "tab" I have selected I want certain values displayed certain ways. I decided to make each tab a different fragment and just display the values different ways.  Like I said, I am just beginning android development experience so don't have much to base this choice off of.
So being fixated on this multiple fragment idea I have:

Created multiple Fragment.xml files
Defined a class for each separate view
Created a List to display available Fragments
Instantiated and displayed fragment when selected

So essentially my onMenuItemSelect looked like this.
FragmentTransaction FT = getFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
switch(position){
    case 1:
        FT.replace(R.id.fragment_container, new MyFragment()).commit();
        break;
    case 2:
        FT.replace(R.id.fragment_container, new MySecondFragment()).commit();
        break;
}

The above code worked, it did what I wanted it to without any issues. I don't really like this though, because for each and every Fragment I wanted to add I would need to add a new case to the switch. Also this instantiates a new fragment every time, even if one was already created. Is that a problem?
The biggest problem I had with it is that it isn't the easiest to scale. For 2-3 fragments this isn't the worst way to handle it (in my eyes). I want to be able to have as many fragments I want without an individual case for each one in the switch. So what I did was created a fragmentList to hold a single instance of each of my fragment.
List<Fragment> fragmentList;

private void populateFragmentList();{
    fragmentList = new ArrayList<Fragment>();
    fragmentList.add(new HomeFrag());
    fragmentList.add(new BluetoothFragment());
    fragmentList.add(new USBFragment());
    fragmentList.add(new RCInfoFragment());
    fragmentList.add(new ControllerFragment());
    fragmentList.add(new FingerCordsFrag());
}
public void onMenuItemSelect(int position, int curPosition){
    if(fragmentList.get(position).isAdded()){
       getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().show(fragmentList.get(postition))
        .hide(fragmentList.get(curPosition)).commit();
    }
    else
        getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(R.id.fragment_container, fragmentList.get(position)).show(fragmentList.get(position)).hide(fragmentList.get(curPosition)).commit();
}

And this method also worked. I could get it to display all of my fragments, without have to re-instantiate each fragment each time. I believe this does what I am wanting it to do, it scales fairly well(better than a switch/case IMO). The problem that I have now is that it all goes crazy when I change orientation. Up until now I was only testing portrait mode, I am not able to view any of my fragments when I select them in other orientation. I can start it in either orientation, and it works, but when I change it during run-time, I am only able to see the one fragment I had open when I changed orientation.
Now, each fragments "onCreateView" is being called, it is just that the display isn't being shown. I believe I have it narrowed down to it isn't being attach to the new activity created from the orientation change. Is There anyway I can reattach fragments that are already created to a new activity.
In summary, the questions I have are:

Is this model even a good way for my application?
Is there a decent way to handle Fragments that scales well? Can't
seem to find any examples.
Is using a ''new MyFragment()'' each time I open a different tab a
reasonable way to achieve this?
Is my way of storing my Fragments in a list a reasonable way to
handle them?
How do I reattach a fragment to the new Activity after an
orientation change?

Thank you for your time.
*Had to type all this code on the fly because I, for some reason, couldn't get my C/P'd code to format correctly.
Answer: I believe it a good choice to use fragments and start with this example...
You should definitely override some "Adapter" to handle all the transactions more easily...
Check here for the orientation problem...


Best location to keep the javascript files in drupal 7

Question: I am using javascript for some of the html pages.
Where should I store the javascript files in my drupal folder.
Answer: If it's a theme, and if you are defining scripts in .info file, keep the .js files in scripts folder of your theme folder (e.g sites/all/themes/mytheme/scripts). You don not have to define the whole path. Just enter the relative path to the .info file (scripts/myscript.js) and it will get included in the entire site.
if you are using drupal_add_js, in a custom module, the common practice is to keep the file in module's folder. Set it as drupal_get_path.
Although it's not recommended, if you are hardcoding the script in html.tpl.php or page.tpl.php folder, I'd place the js file in theme folder and use a drupal_get_path to get the actual path.
Comment: You will need to upload it using FTP. In most fields, you cannot upload executable files. even strict, you can  upload only few allowed file types.
Comment: its not a theme. only for four html pages i am using the js. I have uploaded using upload field button in the site. But they its getting automatically renamed to js.txt file. Where should i keep them .


Can I use the airtrain from JFK if I'm not flying?

Question: I'm going to pick up someone from JFK terminal 1. I wanted to know whether I can use the AirTrain from any terminal on JFK to Jamaica station? Can I go through the terminal and use the AirTrain even if I'm not flying in or out of JFK?
Answer: Yes, you can.  The AirTrain is accessible to anyone, regardless of whether you are flying or not.
As with all passengers, you will need to pay for the ride if you are travelling to Jamaica station.


Image reconstruction using SVD Decomposition

Question: I have performed block SVD decomposition over image and I stored results.
Now, I need to make reconstruction from this results. I found few examples all written in Matlab, which is a mystery for me.
I only need formula from which I can reconstruct my picture, or example written in C language.
Matrix A is equal U*S*V'. How will look formula, e.g. for calculating first five singular values (product of which rows and columns)? Please provide formula with indexes in C like style. U and V' are matrices and S is vector (not matrix).
Answer: Not sure if I get your question right, but if you just need to know singular values, they are the diagonal values of the middle matrix S. S in general is a diagonal matrix, which is stored here as a vector. I mean, only the diagonal is stored, you should imagine it as a matrix if you're thinking in matrix calculations.
Those diagonal values are your singular values, if you need the first biggest singular values, just take the 5 biggest values of the vector S.
Quoting from Wikipedia:

The diagonal entries Σi,i of Σ are known as the singular values of M.
  The m columns of U and the n columns of V are called the left-singular
  vectors and right-singular vectors of M, respectively.

In the above quote, sigma is your S, and M is the original matrix.
Answer: You have asked for C code, yet my hope is that pseudocode will suffice (it's late, I'm tired). The target matrix A has m rows, c columns and rank rho. The variable p = min(m,n).
One strategy is to first form the the intermediate matrix product B = US. This is trivial due to the diagonal-like nature of the matrix of singular values. Assume you have rho ( = 5 ) singular values. You must enforce rho <= p.
Replace column vector u1 with s1u1.
Replace column vector u2 with s2u2.
   ...
Replace column vector urho with srhourho.
Replace column vector urho+1 with a zero vector of length m.
Replace column vector urho+2 with a zero vector of length m.
...
Replace column vector up with a zero vector of length m.
Next form the new image matrix A = BVT. The matrix element in row r and column c is the dot product of the rth row vector (length rho) of B with the cth column vector (length rho) of VT.
Another strategy is to jump to the form where the matrix elements of A in row r and column c are
ar,c = sum ( skur,kvc,k, { k, 1, rho } )
The row counter r runs from 1 to m; the column counter c runs from 1 to n.


vSphere Client time zone problem

Question: How to adjust time zone in vSphere client which is connected to vCenter server? I know ESXi runs in UTC, but there is also UTC in performance charts, I need local time.
Answer: If I understand correctly you want to change the timezone of a VMware ESXi server which you are connected to via vSphere client?
If so, you can change the timezone by opening vSphere client, selecting Inventory and clicking on the hypervisor you want to make changes to. You should then see a tab labelled 'Configuration', click this and then select 'Time Configuration' which within the section labeled 'Software'.
You should then see the current time and if you wish to change it select Properties from the top right and change the time.

vSphere Client time zone problem


Sleep vs rest for elves

Question: Long story short, I need to kill a teammate, but unfortunately, our scouts include an elf and a shardmind. I read that eladrin instead of sleeping during their extended rest, enter a trance, but there are conflicting theories about whether that applies to elves as well. If the elf actually sleeps, it would make my job much easier. Do they sleep?
Comment: I've removed the second question, as you should be asking it separately.
Comment: Also, please check to make sure that the question I left behind is your actual question. If not, please revise it.
Answer: So um, aside from strongly advising you not to engage in PVP within the DnD4e ruleset (which is incredibly bad at PVP), and more generally to not murder your teammates, I'm happy to answer your rules questions.
You seem to have more than one question rolled in there, so I'll address them one at a time.

How aware are eladrin while trancing?
The rules text for eladrin says, "While in a trance, you are fully aware of your surroundings and notice approaching enemies and other events as normal"
Are eladrin immune to sleep effects, since they don't naturally need to sleep?
No. In 4e, this immunity was replaced by a +5 to saving throws against charm effects.
Do elves trance or sleep?
There is no reference to trancing in the rules for elves, so they sleep. I have no idea who is telling you that there's "conflicting theories" about this, but there aren't. Elves aren't eladrin, and one of the differences is that they sleep.
Are shardminds immune to sleep effects, since they don't naturally need to sleep?
There is no reference to immunity to sleep effects in the rules for shardminds, so they are not immune to sleep effects.
Do attacks that render a target unconscious stack with natural sleep?
Yes.
What is the effect of stacking magical Sleep with natural sleep?
When two effects caused by different named rule elements are causing the same status effect on a creature, they stack so long as their durations are different. (i.e. A creature can be both dazed until the end of their next turn AND dazed save ends, but cannot be dazed save ends twice)
Ordinarily, creatures hit with an effect are automatically aware of all of the effects of that effect unless the attack specifically says that the target is unaware it was affected. So if you cast (or poison) Sleep on a target, it knows that it is being magically rendered unconscious.  It is up to your GM to determine whether this still applies to creatures who were already unconscious, but it would certainly apply to the Shardmind.
Comment: ty for the formatting help, SSD!
Comment: I removed the magic sleep on normal sleep part from the question, as it should be asked separately. If abv2 does not do that, you may wish to do so yourself.
Comment: I think she was confused about Elves sleeping or entering a trance because of other D&D versions. For example, in 3.5e they don't sleep, but rather meditate. However, besides for it being an explanation for their immunity against magical sleep effects, it's purely flavour.

Sleep vs rest for elves


Control ipad apps from pc via bluetooth/wifi

Question: I would like to create an iPhone/iPad application and interface that will control a device from PC via Wifi/bluetooth. Just wanted to know whether it is possible and if yes, how? Is it possible to send commands to device over wifi?
Answer: Of course. Check NSStream and the subclasses NSInputStream and NSOutputStream to send data over wifi.
To use bluetooth you may refer to Bluetooth Device Access Guide


Add a ceiling access panel above shower valve area for future plumbing access?

Question: is it a stupid idea to add a ceiling access panel on the bathroom ceiling above the shower valve /drain area for future plumbing access? Is a plastic one ok or metal ones are better?
Comment: I Like access panels and try to put them in where they won't look bad, I am not sure about in the ceiling though. How is ceiling access going to help for the valve?
Comment: its for the bathroom upstairs. but some people said access panels allow the moisture and steam in the shower air going to the ceiling plenum. Is it a problem?  is this a good product: Oatey 34044 Access Panel
Comment: I'm a fan of access panels too and have installed them when making repairs. I'm not sure I would preemptively add one "just in case" especially above a shower because of the moisture.
Comment: That panel doesn't say if it is sealed , I would agree that you would want it to be sealed since it is inside the shower. For showers I usually put one at the valve and another one at the floor level so I can get to the drain. This is on the outside of the shower sometimes in a hallway or in a closet. I usually use Sheetrock and trim , no need to purchase anything special. If in an obvious location like in a hallway where I had to replace a valve I have made it look like a ladder but only the bottom and middle sections come out. One of my renters asked if we could add more then put photos in
Answer: Access panels installed in hidden locations like under cabinets or in a closet can be a great idea, but I wouldn't put one in a visible location until its needed.  There are repair panels that are made to be easy to install in a drywall hole cut in drywall.  You may never need it, so looking a that panel until you do seems extreme.
Plastic would be better in a damp location because metal will almost always rust over time even if it starts with what seems like a very good painted finish.  Even if you don't mind the look of the panel the next owner is going to be very suspicious of why the panel is there, and they will not like the look of it.


Is there a notion of pure dimension for Berkovich analytic space?

Question: For affinoid spaces the definition is similar to algebraic geometry, what about general analytic spaces? I can't find a reference about it. If yes then is the analytification of a variety of pure dimension still of pure dimension?
Comment: Briefly, make a massive extension of the ground field so that the affinoid space becomes strictly analytic; then the usual definition from commutative algebra works well (and is invariant under further extension of the ground field, so is independent of the initial massive extension, hence is intrinsic).  See papers of Antoine Ducros for a full development of a robust dimension theory (and especially good related properties) in the context of Berkovich spaces.
Comment: To complete nfdc23's comment, Antoine Ducros discusses the dimension of Berkovich spaces in his paper *Variation de la dimension relative en géométrie analytique $p$-adique*, Section 1, http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FCOM%2FCOM143_06%2FS0010437X07003193a.pdf&code=f0c0a0ba567a261c50aadfcbedad50cd
Answer: Yes, there is a good notion of dimension, due to Berkovich and developed in my article, as mentioned in the two answers above.
Concerning your question about GAGA principle for pure dimension, the answer is positive. I do not know whether it is explicitly written down in the litterature (I did not write it in my paper, for instance), but I can sketch the proof here. Since everything is invariant under ground field extension, you may assume that your ground field is not trivially valued. Now in order to prove that a strict analytic space is purely d-dimensional, it is sufficient to check that the dimension of O_X,x is equal to d for every rigid point x. But this can be checked after completion, and at a rigid point the analytic and algebraic local rings have the same completions, QED.
Remark: there is certainly also GAGA for irreducible components (an irreducible scheme has an irreducible analytification) but it is not so easy to prove to my knowledge. Using normalization it can be reduced to GAGA for connectedness, for which I do not know any easy proof: one can compactify and use projective GAGA+Hartog's theorem, or use Berkovich's comparison theorem for étale cohomology at the H^0 level (!). Maybe there is a simpler one using Noether's normalization?
Answer: By the way, my above proof shows in fact the following: if k is a non-trivially valued field, if A is a strictly affinoid k-algebra and if X is a finitely generated A-scheme of pure (Krull) dimension d, then X^an is also of pure dimension d.


Linking Error with Static Libraries

Question: I am trying to get some static libraries into my project and I've given the Header Search Path under build setting and that is successfully run but when I start to use some more static files then it will give me the following type of error:

"_OBJC_CLASS_$_CMocrDirectoryDataSource", referenced from:
        objc-class-ref in RecognitionViewController.o
"_OBJC_CLASS_$_CMocrEngine", referenced from:
        objc-class-ref in RecognitionViewController.o

When ctrl + click on the CMocrDirectoryDataSource and CMocrEngine files then it will redirect me to the following defined file that means linking to the file is fine but why this error may occur..
Please if anyone got the same kind of problem then help me soon..
Kevin
Comment: Is your project ARC enabled?
Comment: @Sudershanshastri What would that even have to do with a linker error?
Answer: Try this:
Remove all of your classes from compile sources, then click the + button and search for the term '.m'. Highlight every class, then click add. Build and run again.
Sometimes Xcode misses adding classes in its compile list.

Linking Error with Static Libraries


hFE value (a.k.a β or gain factor) for transistor, at different voltage

Question: I've been looking into the BC337 NPN transistor, and I saw in the hFE graph on page 3 of the datasheet, that the graph was at 1 V from the collector to emitter. Is there any way to find out the hFE value for a different voltage like 5 or 10 V? I've looked for a datasheet with a different voltage but have been unsuccessful.
Answer: The gain at higher VCE voltages will be similar, but not identical.
You don't need to know whether it's 1% or 10% higher, because gain can vary 300% from transistor to transistor, and also varies with collector current, and temperature. You need therefore to design your circuit to cope with a large gain variation. Compared to this large variation, VCE affects gain very little at all.
So given all this gain variation, why do people treat it as if it's constant? If the gain varies by a factor of 2, while the current varies from 100 nA to 100 mA, that is six orders of magnitude, then for an engineer, and for most use cases, that's constant.
Comment: More than that, the voltage gain of an amplifier stage does not depend on the hfe value (same dc quiescent current assumed). It is only the input resistance of the stage that is influenced by current gain (base current) variations


Word for person who was ignored by everyone while alive, but whose importance was realized after he died

Question: Is there a single word for a person who was ignored by everyone when he was alive, but later people realized his importance after he died? It can also be related to his work, teaching or something like that.
Comment: Why is this tagged [tag:british-english]?
Comment: Do you mean an artist? ;-)
Comment: The undertaker?
Comment: It can be artist . But what do we call them in general?
Comment: how about "*ahead of their time*"
Answer: An unrecognized genius may be posthumously appreciated.
Comment: neglected genius
Comment: I think you're on the right track here. I'm not sure there's a single word that explicitly means what the O.P. is after, but I seem to recall hearing phrases like _unappreciated during his time_ or _unrecognized by his contemporaries_ before.
Answer: Idiomatic phrases like unsung hero and prophet before his time in part have such senses.  The latter term implies that the person's importance eventually is recognized.  However, as in FumbleFingers' unrecognized genius answer, posthumous appreciation is not a given for an unsung hero.  For most of these terms, a person's importance may be recognized before or after death, or may never be recognized.
Also consider  sleeper, in its sense "Something that achieves unexpected success after an interval of time", and  dark horse in its sense "An unexpected success".
Comment: +1 for *unsung hero* - but it doesn't quite fit OP's requirement. For example, it's probably fair to say Vincent Van Gogh wasn't much recognised during his lifetime, but you could hardly call him an "unsung hero" today. Usually we only use this term when trying to get others to appreciate someone that *we* already recognise, but most people don't (yet! :)
Answer: I would call him a visionary unrecognized in his own time.
Answer: You could call that person a pioneer. They are often not recognised for their accomplishments until later (or at least not until after they go into uncharted territory where no other person has tread). I should note that it can also be used to describe someone who is still alive - its definition doesn't exclusively describe a deceased person.
However, it depends on the context in which you use the word.
Answer: I'd say he was "a man ahead of his time" (or "a woman ahead of her time").
Answer: It would be appropriate to call him/her an unsung hero
Comment: If you're going to post an answer, we ask that you take the time to explain why you think your answer is good, and especially encourage the practice of quoting dictionaries when responding to word requests.


Basic transistor audio amplifier bias question

Question: I'm just learning about transistor biasing for ac signal gains, and while I have many questions about setting Q points, I'll ask one which is not familiar to me. In the schematic below it's teaching how to bias a transistor with voltage dividers. I follow most of it until they say to set collector current by base current of .1ma. Fine, I understand HFE gains, but then proceeds to say the voltage divider across r3/r4 needs to have current approx .9ma plus the .1ma of base current. If there's no base resistor setting .1 from voltage divider, wouldn't base current be .9? If they are referring to the ac signal from coupling capacitor, how do ac voltages and currents combine with DC voltage divider bias? I can't seem to find visual descriptions to explain this interaction in principle. Any help would be appreciated.
http://www.rason.org/Projects/bipolamp/bipolamp.htm
Answer: As far as I understand your problem, the key point is in the sentence (quote):  "In order to provide a stiff base voltage, resistor R4 should have a current of about 5 to 10 times the base current. For this example, we will assume 9 times the base current for a total of .9 ma."
In general, the voltage divider is chosen with the aim to produce a base voltage Vb "as stiff as possible". That means: As independent as possible on the base current which is connected with large tolerances (due to B variations). (Due to some other constraints like power consumption and input resistance the voltage divider must not be much lower in resistance. Without these constraints, it would be even better to chose a factor between both currents of 20 or 50 instead of only 9).
This is the typical design approach because - at the same time - the emitter resistor R2 provides current controlled voltage feedback (voltage Ve) which can work satisfactorily only for a "stiff" base voltage Vb. As a consequence of the negative feedback, the collector current does not depend too much from the base-emitter voltage, which normally is chosen (for calculating purposes) to be app. Vbe=0.65 volts.
It is very easy to visualize this effect using the method of "stabilizing line" in the Ic=f(Vbe) characteristic. This is nothing else than to plot the ohmic law for the resistor R2 - expressed not by the emitter voltage Ve but by Ve=Vb-Vbe. In this case, both graphs can be plotted in one single diagram - and it becomes clear that Ic does depend only very little on the temperature-dependent Ic=f(Vbe) characteristic. The actual DC operating point exist where both curves cross each other - the exponential BJT characteristic and the linear R2 characteristic Ic=f(Vb-Vbe), which has a negative slope.
The enclosed drawing shows the construction of the stabilization line.
Comment: Archaeus - it is NOT your goal to create a base current of 0.1mA. Instead, you want to allow a certain collector current Ic. For this purpose, you establish two voltages: Ve (using a proper Re value)  and Vb (using a suitable voltage divider). The difference between both voltages must be Vbe=Vb-Ve=0.65...0.7 volts (approximately). Because of the feedback effect. the exact value is relatively unimportant. Finally, the value of Ib=Ic/B is, of course, considered during the voltage divider design (through R3 into the base node). This current Ib does exist, but it does NOT determine Ic.
Comment: I'll have to humbly admit that while I understood some of that, most was beyond my hobbyist knowledge at this point. Im learning transistors, not experienced with them. I do appreciate the time and effort into the explanation and I'll do my best to figure that out. You probably did answer the question, but I'm still at a loss at understanding where .1ma is generated for the base. If you care to move on, no worries and thanks again.
Comment: I understood that much better. Now I have a mental model of what the components are doing. Thank you.
Comment: For a better understanding I have added a drawing of the stabilization effect.


Why would a mining vessel have all kinds of advanced weaponry?

Question: In Star Trek (2009), the Narada is equipped with some sophisticated missiles. Why would a mining vessel need such heavy offensive weaponry?
Comment: ["One fist of iron, the other of steel; If the right one don't a-get you; Then the left one will"](http://www.cowboylyrics.com/lyrics/classic-country/sixteen-tons---tennessee-ernie-ford-14930.html#.T-ZYLJiB-sc)
Comment: Excellent question.  This bothered me when I was the movie.
Comment: Didn't bother me for a second.  It's like watching an Old West movie and being flabbergasted the gold prospector has a shootin' iron strapped to his hip and a rifle near to hand.  Varmints, claim-jumpers, and flat-out thieves exist in any century to bedevil a guy just trying to dig in the ground.
Comment: @Blaze The desire for weapons makes sense, but it does raise the question of who *pays* for all that.
Comment: @Cadence Pays for it?  To continue my analogy, who pays for the old-timey prospector's revolver and rifle?  He pays for it himself.  Or takes out a loan.  Or has silent partners/consortium backing his grub stake.  A dozen ways. Just because the _Narada_ is a massive super ship to our primitive eyes, doesn't mean it's not a rusty, oversized space refinery (with "teeth", mind you) to its peers.
Answer: This is mentioned in Star Trek: Countdown comic series which is prequel of Star Trek (2009) movie. This comic series is officially 100% canon.
After Romulus got destroyed, Nero became mad. He blamed Spock (and, Vulcan) as well as Ruling Council of Romulus (which didn't listen Spock's calculation about dangerous Nova). Council members escaped with senate shuttle, but not his wife (and upcoming offspring). So, he killed all of them and grabbed their encrypted senate codes.
When he broadcasted those codes at the location told by feared council members, a secret Romulan facility appeared and assisted them. The secret facility was full of mind - blowing innovations which included advanced Borg technology.
As a new administration, he ordered them to convert his mining ship into war machine. His plan was to take revenge from Vulcan (which delayed in sharing red matter research) and Spock (who didn't create red matter on time).
His mining ship was now very powerful. He destroyed entire fleet of Klingon. And, even smashed USS Enterprise (of that time) very badly. He was about to destroy it, but he had no time (he needed to deal with Spock).
Unfortunately, when he caught Spock near red matter singularity, he was trapped by black hole & appeared in 2009 movie.
So, at the time he was trapped by Black Hole, Narada was no longer a mining vessel. It was a war machine able to challenge entire worlds of his own time (24th century).
Comment: Countdown is not canon, according to Orci: Question: 'In Countdown, the Narada effortlessly destroyed an armada of 24th century Klingon warships and disabled the Enterprise-E with one volley. However, in the film, the Kelvin (an early 23rd century ship) actually managed to exchange fire and survive for at least several minutes. It even managed to damage the Narada by ramming it. [...] Care to explain this inconsistency?'
[Bob Orci: 'Easy. The comic is not canon?'](http://trekmovie.com/2009/05/22/orci-and-kurtzman-reveal-star-trek-details-in-trekmovie-fan-qa/)
Comment: @Plutor I don't believe Orci... A possible explanation: Black Hole would have damaged Narada so that 129 years old technologies were able to screw it.
Comment: Countdown was officially announced as prequel of 2009 movie.. There's no reason to say it's not canon.
Answer: According to the comic books (non-cannonical, but released at about the same time as the film), the Narada was outfitted with borg inspired when Nero was at the Vault, a top secret Romulan facility.
http://memory-beta.wikia.com/wiki/Narada
Answer: All mining uses what can be considered weapons. The oldest mines used horn picks and wooden clubs. Later, metal picks, shovels, and rod & hammer sets took over. Then, explosives and drills were added. Grinders are just automated hammers in batches.
The industrial cutting tools of the Trek era are Lasers, Phasers, Force Fields, Anti-particle beams and antimatter bombs. A mining ship is a large cutting system. Therefore, it has lasers, phasers, force fields, antiparticle beams, and/or antimatter bombs. All of which make pretty good weapons...
The Narada having these is eminently logical. The quality of the fire control is of course going to be near military, as mining is precision work; it's probably shorter ranged than equivalent military, but what's current military tech of 1979 is likewise now usually obsolete civilian tech.
Answer: I agree with aramis.  A mining robot needs to have very strong weapons to dig tunnels in hard rock, and needs to be armored to survive falling rocks.  Stanislaw Lem has a story about hunting a damaged mining robot on the Moon (with captain Pirx as the protagonist) and it tells as much explicitly about why this robot has strong armor and laser weapons.  What makes this one especially dangerous is that it's not an Asimovian robot and so doesn't have problem killing people after its brain gets confused from a severe physical injury.
Isaac Asimov also has a few stories about mining robots, including Robot AL-76 Goes Astray.
Answer: It's obvious the ship was a primitive mining ship with tiny little rockets. It didn't even have photon torpedoes, but if that ship goes back in time 200 years, those tiny rockets can do a lot of damage to primitive ships of the past.
All this Borg stuff is nonsense. The Borg didn't use primitive rockets; powerful ships had Quantum torpedoes, not jet-powered rockets. Nero had a weak ship in the 24th century, but in the past those weak rockets were devastating.
The strange thing is that the Enterprise had photon torpedoes, but Nero had a huge ship; it had to be big to crack asteroids and search for metals. Maybe that's why it had rockets - to destroy giant asteroids. But in the past the Enterprise was a Constitution-class ship, not a Galaxy-class, so its shields were a lot weaker than the primitive but effective rockets of the 24th century which punched right through them, causing the fleet to be destroyed.
Comment: A lot of this is related information that I don't see how it answers the question of _why_ it had them in the first place. You do mention a possibility: to crack open big asteroids though. It would be better if you could trim down some of the tangential information and focus on that point and then [edit] to expand on it and maybe even find some evidence that, that is indeed what they were for rather than the informed speculation you currently have.
Comment: Not so long ago I would have called the Borg connection "nonsense" as well.  I was perfectly satisfied with a futuristic mining ship-refinery matching a "primitive" warship.  But _Star Trek: Picard_ showed Romulans picking apart a Borg cube.  I'm not sure which feature came first in the creative flow of Trek writers, but the bits of information do interlock with each other now.