Can admin receive email notifications of new user registrations?

Question: I would've thought this would be core functionality, but does it require additional plugin functionality?
Answer: I believe you would need a plugin for this — but the plugin can be really basic. In your plugin's main file simply add an 'init' method that listens to the 'users.saverUser' event and checks the 'isNewUser' event attribute; then prepare and send your email.
The process is outlined in this answer that sends out an email to members of a userGroup when an entry is saved. Same principle would apply, just using users.saveUser instead.
<code>public function init()
{
    parent::init();

    craft()->on('users.saveUser', function(Event $event)
    {
        $user = $event->params['user'];
        $isNewUser = $event->params['isNewUser'];

        if ($isNewUser) {
            // Send Mail
            $email = new EmailModel();
            $email->toEmail = "firstname.lastname@example.com;
            $email->subject = 'New User Registration';
            $email->body    = 'New User: '.$user->firstName.' '.$user->lastName;

            craft()->email->sendEmail($email);
        }

    });
}
</code>
Answer: No custom plugin necessary if you don't want to write one, as there is already one that exists to do this very task and so much more. Checkout Postmaster for Craft. https://github.com/objectivehtml/Postmaster-for-Craft-CMS
Comment: Much like its ExpressionEngine predecessor, this was a great add-on, but I would now consider it to be abandonware.
Answer: It's not perfect, but maybe a workaround until it's core or available as a plugin...
Add to the config:
<code>'testToEmailAddress' => 'firstname.lastname@example.com',
</code>
(via config-settings#testToEmailAddress)
Of course, I'd set up a new email account to catch those and also a filter, but that's just me. Again, it's not optimal I realize.
UPDATE
As Douglas mentioned in the comments, this really won't work, since it is designed to route ALL emails to the 'testToEmailAddress'. However, his own answer is a much better idea, so vote that up.
Comment: I believe this will divert all email to the 'testToEmailAddress'. In other words the user will not receive an email.
Comment: Ah, well darn. Hopefully it can be added to core features soon. Seems like it wouldn't be too difficult to add.


Why was 50 considered old in Premchand's day?

Question: The main character of the Catastrophe short story (in the collection Short Stories by Munshi Premchand) was descried as "an old, childless widow" who "didn't own either a scrap of land or a house to live in." However, it's later stated that "She had spent her fifty miserable years in this village and she loved every leaf on every tree. Here she had known the sorrows and pleasures of life; she could not give it up now in the last day." Why was 50 seen as being old and towards the end of someone's life? What was the life expectancy in that area at the time?
Comment: When is the story set?
Comment: @tgdavies It doesn't say, but the author lived 1880 - 1936, so I assume that it was intended to be contemporaneous.
Comment: Could you please add the bibliographical details for *Short Stories by Munshi Premchand*? Is it this [edition by Invincible Publishers](https://invinciblepublishers.com/product/short-stories-by-munshi-premchand/)?
Answer: While another answer had addressed statistical matters of overall life expectancy at birth, with a presumption of that rural areas having and expectancy below average, I think there are other things to consider more particular to the character in question.
Premchand does not say that fifty is old, per se, he says that this woman is old at fifty.
What do we know about her? That she lives in a village owned and governed by a man who has little regard for the welfare of its inhabitants. We might assume that this individual has not been in control for all of her life, but also there is no reason to suppose that he runs the place any differently from perhaps his father before him. Therefore it is plausible that this woman has spend her whole life, or at least her whole widowhood, regularly expected to work for no income, and for that work to prevent her carrying out the work that brings her food. A life of malnutrition is ageing.
While the parching of grain does not itself sound like the hardest of physical labour, we see that when the kiln is destroyed she begins to rebuild it herself, suggesting that such labour is not foreign to her. If the parching only brings in a subsistence level of food, she may have had to hire out her labour to neighbours to allow her to earn other necessities of life, or a little cash to buy them.
Childbirth is a leading cause of female mortality, more so in deprived regions. That hasn't affected Bhungi, we might speculate that poor nutrition may have contributed to her childlessness, and the lack of children has meant that there are no other hands to contribute to her sustenance. She may have had little respite from work in her adult years.
Poverty is ageing.

A person in his or her 40s who lives in or near poverty has a level of biological risk similar to that of a person about 60 in a better-off family.

It is not to be supposed that a female relative of the village landowner would be so worn down by work and depleted by poor nutrition.
Premchand was particularly concerned with the realities of life for impoverished peasants, per wikipedia:

In the 1920s, he was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's non-co-operation movement and the accompanying struggle for social reform. During this period, his works dealt with the social issues such as poverty, zamindari exploitation (Premashram, 1922), dowry system (Nirmala, 1925), educational reform and political oppression (Karmabhoomi, 1931). Premchand was focused on the economic liberalisation of the peasantry and the working class, and was opposed to the rapid industrialisation, which he felt would hurt the interests of the peasants and lead to oppression of the workers.

The references in the wikipedia article about the explotiation of peasants by the Zamindari is relevant to this question as well as your questions about ownership of a village and Bhungi's poverty. I went down quite a rabbit hole of trying to distinguish what state land ownership and was at in Uttar Pradesh at the time of the story to try for some answers, but very quickly realised that that is quite a specialised subject and difficult to get a handle on from a standing start. However Zamindaris were landowning aristocrats who were co-opted by British Rule as revenue collectors for their estates.
Whether the rural poor have a lower life expectancy than the urban poor, I don't have figures to discuss, though the wikipedia article certainly suggested that Premchand himself thought that rapid industrialisation, which would lead to increased urbanisation of the poor, would be detrimental to the condition of the peasantry.
Bhungi isn't old at fifty 'because India', she is old at fifty 'because poverty'.
Answer: The simple answer is this link to a chart of life expectancy in India over time.
As you can see, life expectancy was around 20-25 for the entire period of Premchand's life. It is likely that expectancy is lower than the average in rural areas, where the story is set. That's less than one third of life expectancy today, and half that of Europe at the same time.
The character has already lived twice as long as average, and so is old.
While I give the simple statistics, in reality things are slightly more complicated.  Life expectancy can be skewed by large numbers of infant deaths - for example if 90% of infants die at birth and the rest live to be 100, the life expectancy is still 10 years. Someone who survived to adulthood could reasonably expect to live to be older than 25. However I do believe that 50 is older than most people live to in 1900s India, especially in a rural area with hard work, little healthcare and most women having their first of many babies while still teenagers. 50 is probably past what most adults survive to.
Comment: Given the caveat of your last paragraph, is it possible to find a slightly more relevant statistic, like life expectancy at a given age rather than life expectancy at birth?
Comment: I looked. I didn't find one. If you find one I'll edit it in. But I'm pretty confident with the general conclusion.
Comment: I agree your conclusion seems convincing, just thought it would be nice to have better quantitative evidence. But then I'm pretty ignorant of demographic analysis, so I don't even know a name for the appropriate statistic.
Comment: Life expectancy at a given age would be exactly what we are looking for.


Can you charge someone with murder for hire if the target doesn't exist?

Question: This is a completely fictitious scenario from a roleplay in a video game set in America, but say a person who is an undercover cop hires you to kill their spouse, you take the money and then they arrest you- however you're told by a cop part of the sting (with bodycam evidence) that the person you were hired to kill doesn't actually exist. Does that still constitute a murder-for-hire charge? Is that a technicality a good lawyer could fight and win in court?
The game law is based off of California's.
Comment: @Greendrake conspiracy to commit murder, more likely.
Comment: It certainly won't be called murder as no one gets killed. Attempted murder perhaps.
Answer: Yes to attempted murder and conspiracy to murder. No to murder
Although the particular example you raise looks like entrapment and law enforcement can't do that in the United States.
Putting that aside, factual impossibility is not a defense in common law jurisdictions. Conspiracy to murder someone who can't actually be murdered (because they are already dead or, as here, don't actually exist) is still a crime.
Legal impossibility, however, is a defense. Something is legally impossible where it is impossible to meet one of the elements that define the crime.
Most crimes require that something physical be done, for example, murder requires the perpetrator to kill the victim (among other things), so you can't commit murder on a dead or non-existent victim. However, crimes in the nature of "Conspiracy to X" or "Attempted X" often only rely upon intention even if it is impossible to do the thing intended.
To illustrate the difference:

if it's illegal to smuggle cocaine across the border and I, being an idiot, get caught smuggling what I think is cocaine but is actually table salt, I'm guilty of attempted drug smuggling. This is factual impossibility but a legal possibility.
I'm not guilty of drug smuggling because that crime requires that I actually smuggle drugs. This is both a factual and legal impossibility.
if, however, the day before I do it, the law against cocaine is repealed, then whether I smuggle table salt or actual cocaine, I'm not guilty of either crime even if I think it's still a crime. This is legal impossibility.
Answer: Though, of course, criminal law varies from state to state, almost certainly yes because, as a general rule, factual impossibility is not a defense. See, e.g., Model Penal Code § 5.01(1) (a).
Answer: It's obviously not murder, but could be attempted murder or conspiracy to murder. Each of these scenarios has a different problem.
For attempted murder, a court would have to prove beyond reasonable doubt that you attempted to kill this person. And not for example that you just took the person's money and had no intent whatsoever to kill someone. You would need to do something that would be a step to committing the murder. Of course kicking in the door of the house where the wife is supposed to live with a loaded gun in your hand would look bad for you, but if you take no action at all then attempted murder would be hard to prove.
Worst case for the undercover cop would be if you knew that he was an undercover copy with no wife, and your plan was to take his money and laugh into his face (and another question is whether you would have any obligation to return the money).
For conspiracy to murder, you need two people conspiring. Even if you intended to take the money and kill the spouse, the undercover cop didn't conspire, since he knew there was no wife. So that would be a difficult situation for a court. However, the court might decide that the cop's actions created a real risk that some woman would be killed. In that case I suppose you are both guilty of conspiracy, and if this is possible, then it would be an utterly stupid thing for the cop to do.
I am quite sure that there have been cases where someone looked for a murderer for hire, found someone, paid them, and the supposed killer went straight to the police.


Is it possible to determine orbit orientation of exoplanet without direct imaging and astrometry?

Question: Is it possible to determine orbit orientation (in space) of an exoplanet without direct imaging  or astrometry (for example with transits and rv observations only)? I have read somewhere that orbits of exoplanets in TRAPPIST-1 system have negligible mutual inclination (below one degree) but I cannot see a way how to determine that from observations.
Comment: Planets around TRAPPIST-1 were discovered by the transit method, which is why their orbit inclinations are known.
Comment: I see but how you can determine their orbits are coplanar?
Comment: If all the planets have very different longitude of ascending node, but the same inclination =90, they might not be co-planar  but this is dynamically unstable, doesn't fit with notions of solar system formation, and is statistically unlikely
Comment: Ok, I understand. I assume that for direct determination of longitude of ascending node we need imaging oř astrometry?
Answer: Yesish.
The transit method joined with radial velocity measurements can give quite tight constraints on the inclination of the orbits with respect to our line of sight as well as their eccentricity and orientation of the semi major axis through the rv data, amplitude and shape and phase offset, relative to the transit. Alone the fact that the planet and the star align in our line-of-sight during a transit combined with typical sizes of orbits indicates that the inclination of the plane has to be such that we look (nearly) edge-on onto the orbital plane, thus very close to 0° wrt our line-of-sight. One of the focal points of its elliptical orbit has to be near or in the usually (much-)more-massive star.
The direct imaging and radial velocity method is sensitive to close-in, massive planets. Conversely, direct imaging and astrometry are sensitive to massive, far-out planets.
Further, but beyond this question, through the transit also the relative size of the planet compared to its host star are known by assessing the amount of light blocked by the planet during transit. Through spectroscopy of the star we can determine its spectral class and its mass, and then the mass of the planet by the amplitude of its rv variations on the star,and thus finally also the planets density.


In what state are the propellants entering a (RP-1) rocket engine's combustion chamber?

Question: What I mean is that, when the fuel and oxidiser are mixed, at what state (solid - liquid - gaseous) is the oxygen and the fuel. To be more precise, I would like to know how it is for the Merlin engine of the Falcon 9 and the F-1 engine from the Saturn V.
Comment: Can you edit your question to make your intent more clear? Are you asking about a specific engine or more in general? Propellants usually don't get "pumped into the nozzle" unless you are asking about regenerative cooling.
Comment: This question would be easier to answer if it were about a specific model of engine, like the F1 used in the first stage of the Saturn V for example.
Answer: I haven't been able to find a complete set of properties for the propellants entering the F-1 combustion chamber.  You can see from the schematic, however, that after leaving the pump, the fuel and oxidizer pass directly into the combustion chamber through a couple of valves.

The fuel and lox pumps wouldn't work if the propellants were gaseous (they were designed to pump liquids), so I think it's safe to conclude the propellants were liquids on entry to the combustion chamber.
reference
Comment: An injector would not be necessary for the propellants if they were gaseous. But if the fuel was used to cool the walls of the combustion chamber and the nozzle before injection, a part of it may be gaseous due to evaporation by the heat removed from the walls.
Comment: Isn't the purpose of the injector to break apart the liquid into a fine mist of tiny droplets?
Comment: The injector should break apart the liquid into a fine mist of tiny droplets, but if there is only gas instead of a liquid, the injector would be useless.
Answer: At the risk of damaging my reputation here, I'm going to answer this question without citing sources. I'll instead buttress my argument with a sequence of logical inferences.
Firstly, pintle injectors (as are used in SpaceX's Falcon 9 launch vehicles) depend on the kinetics of liquid-phase propellants to achieve adequate atomization and mixing. Secondly, regenerative cooling in all orbital-class rocket engines (to my knowledge) is entirely in the liquid phase.  The only gaseous-phase fluid conduits that are visible in orbital rocket engines is the turbopump exhaust ducts (which are obviously much more voluminous than the cooling channels in the combustion chamber).  Also, the least volatile/most thermally stable constituent of bi-propellant rocket propellants is almost always selected as the regenerative coolant.
Taken together, these clues strongly suggest that both propellants in bi-propellant rocket engines (full-flow staged combustion engines excluded) are in the liquid phase as they enter the injectors.
Comment: I've read that the hydrogen in RL10 and other regen-cooled hydrolox engines enters the chamber as a gas, but haven't found a solid citation.
Comment: For hydrolox engines, this wouldn't surprise me given the low boiling point of hydrogen, which seems to be the preferred regenerative coolant...perhaps because of its low density and viscosity.  In fact, given the high chamber pressures of hydrolox engines, I wouldn't be surprised if the hydrogen is admitted to the injectors as a supercritical fluid.
Comment: @ Joel Neatrour the critical temperature of hydrogen is 32.95 K, the critical pressure is 13 bar. The boiling point at 1.013 bar is 20.35 K. Therefore if the turbo pump pressure is greater than 13 bar, the hydrogen is supercritical and there is only one phase, no gas and liquid anymore. 13 bar would be a very low Chamber pressures for a hydrolox engine. But the critical pressure of oxygen is 50.4 bar, for a chamber pressure of 40 bar, liquid and gaseous oxygen may exist both before the injector.


How to know if a webview is using https

Question: As a user, is there a way to know if the page displayed in a webview inside an application is using https or not?
Answer: If you control the network, you can use Shark for Root to check whether the apps open port 80 (default port for HTTP) or port 443 (default port for HTTPS). IIRC, WireShark can also read HTTP headers.
If you don't want to root your phone, and you're on a Wifi network that you owned; you can use Wireshark/Firesheep to snoop on the traffic of the Android device from your laptop.
Answer: I don't think there is a way to find out directly. The only thing I can think of is

Check the log files and hope there is a mention of https, however this is not likely to be very succesful.
Reverse engineer the app and look at the source code but to understand what your looking for you'll want to have some Android programming experience.

How to know if a webview is using https


AWS elastic beanstalk Node.js app is not connecting to Mongodb atlas

Question: I am trying to connect to MongoDB atlas from elastic beanstalk using a Node.js app. on Mongo atlas, I opened the connection publicly for testing reasons (added 0.0.0.0/0 to the whitelist) and AWS security group allows all traffic.
I still can connect to MongoDB atlas from my localhost but not from AWS EBS.
Comment: Did you get the solution ?
Answer: Even I have faced the same issue and it solves by restart the aws elastic beanstalk instance.

Actually, we open do MongoClient.connect once when your app boots up
and reuse the db object. It's not a singleton connection pool each
.connect creates a new connection pool.

So for that purpose, we have to restart the instance and it will work but for the security purpose, we can try VPC Peering for MongoDB Atlas.
Hope this will help some one else..!!


What is a better method when finding the iron content in spinach: Using titration or a spectrometer?

Question: For my chemistry experiment, I want to boil spinach in water for different timings. Using the water that is left after boiling it, I was to determine the amount of iron content in the water solution. However, I am very confused on what method to use, etheir through titration (which I find easier to do) or through using a spectrometer. I am not sure if one will cause difficulty when I am doing the experiment. I need to decide this very soon, and I am very confused.
Comment: Spectrophotometric method is reliable. What method do you have in mind?
Comment: Mineralisation of the sample and than inorganic iron measurement by AAS or by colorimetry, i.e. with SCN- complex.
Answer: There are plenty of difficulties in your project. 1) Iron atom is probably included in one or several colored complexes whose formula are not obvious. 2) The amount of iron in spinach is not huge : $3.4$ mg in $100$ g fresh spinach, according to CIBA-Geigy Scientific Tables, Basel 1972. This small amount is difficult to measure whatever the method used. 3) Iron in plant is usually Fe(II). But in air, it is oxidized into Fe(III) and the spectrum of both ions are rather different. If you want to extract iron out of its complex, you would have to dry the spinach sheet and burn them, then extract iron out of the ashes. In the ashes, iron is probably under the form $\ce{Fe2O3}$, and, if heated to a high temperature $\ce{Fe2O3}$ is not soluble any more in concentrated acids like $\ce{HCl}$ or $\ce{H2SO4}$. It has to be dissolved in melted $\ce{NaHSO4}$ in a platinum crucible at $400°$C. Not easy !
The amount of iron present in vegetables does not vary much. Per $100$ g vegetables, one finds $0.7$ mg iron in carrots, $1.3$ mg in artichokes, $0.9$ mg in celery, $1.1$ mg in cabbages, $1.1$ mg in cauliflower, $3.1$ mg in dandelion, $3.1$ mg in spinach, $6.11$ mg in beans, $8.6$ mg in lentils, $6.2$ mg in parsley, $8.4$ mg in soya. Whatever your choice, these values are rather small.
Look ! $ 8.4$ mg iron is $0.15$ mmol, and needs $\ce{0.03 mmol KMnO4}$ to be titrated. If this $\ce{KMnO4}$ is contained in a $0.01 M$ solution, these $0.03$ mmol are contained in a volume $\ce{V = n/c = 3 10^{-5} mol/0.01 mol/L = 3.00 mL}$. And remember that this value is a maximum ! Most of the time, you will obtain volumes lower than $1$ mL.
Furthermore, as stated by M. Farooq, titrating a vegetable extract will above all determine the amount of organic substances. For example, sulphuric acid will hydrolyse cellulose into reducible sugars like glucose, which reacts with permanganate.
Comment: Hi So I changed my experiment a bit, instead of looking at the boiling time of the spinach, I will be using different vegetables to find the one with the most iron concentration. My process will be to boil the vegetables, extract the liquid and mix it with sulphuric acid (H2S04). After doing so, I will titrate with potassium permanganate. Is this better? Please let me know if I need to change anything else.
Comment: KMnO4 is not going to work as it will lead to misleading results. KMnO4 will react with all the organic matter first. For trace amounts of iron, spectrophotometric methods are reliable. This is why I was asking which spectrophotometric you had in mind?
Comment: The answer to your question given one hour ago has been edited in my answer sent yesterday.


Is it possible to map custom smart contracts to Ethereum?

Question: We need snapshots (Snapshots allow to lock user's balances to prevent multiple votes with same tokens https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/3.x/api/token/erc20#ERC20Snapshot) in the token smart contract deployed on Aurora. Could we deploy our own custom token smart contract on Aurora and map it to a token on Ethereum?
Answer: It is possible to map custom smart contracts to Ethereum. Any Ethereum ERC-20 can be bridged to Aurora, there are no restrictions. However, deploying your own custom token smart contracts on Aurora and mapping it to a token on Ethereum cannot be done directly with the recent update.
Aurora bridge works the following way: if a user wants to bridge the token from Ethereum (let's call it ERC-20) to Aurora (let's call it aERC-20), then they need to:

Check that aERC-20 is already deployed to Aurora. If not, then a user should issue a specific transaction for deployment of aERC-20. This transaction includes the address of the ERC-20 so that Aurora can store the mapping. This transaction is called only once. The aERC-20 is a standard vanilla OpenZepplin ERC-20 with minor updates to allow bridging: https://github.com/aurora-is-near/aurora-engine/blob/master/etc/eth-contracts/contracts/EvmErc20.sol
Once done, the user is able to bridge ERC-20 into aERC-20. The transfer requires two transactions on Ethereum side (approve and lock, which calls transferFrom), and one transaction on NEAR side (which is issued automatically by our relayer).
As you see, the aERC-20 contract is fixed. So it doesn't have any specific methods or anything. After the deployment any contract can put special clauses based on the aERC-20 address. This is the way you need to interact with bridge tokens at the moment.
There is a discussion whether Aurora will allow projects to do the following thing:
Deploy their Aurora token (pERC-20)
Change the mapping ERC-20 -> aERC-20, so it's mapped to a custom implementation of the token: ERC-20 -> pERC-20
Migrate the tokens from aERC-20 to pERC-20.


Windows 8 Desktop won't auto-refresh

Question: The problem of my desktop not auto refreshing has just occurred to me. I've tried restarting the computer with no help.
The problem is that whenever I delete a file, move it, duplicate it or apply any other action that should cause the desktop to refresh, it won't. I have to refresh it myself before I can see the changes.
How can I solve this problem?
Answer: Heard about this problem for Win7, rebuilding the Icon Cache fixes that.. so might wanna give that a try...
Heres a script for win7 i found:
<code>@echo off
cls
echo The Explorer process must be killed to delete the Icon DB.
echo Please SAVE ALL OPEN WORK before continuing
pause
taskkill /IM explorer.exe /F
echo Attempting to delete Icon DB...
If exist %userprofile%\AppData\Local\IconCache.db goto delID
echo Previous Icon DB not found...trying to build a new one
goto :main
:delID
cd /d %userprofile%\AppData\Local
del IconCache.db /a
pause
echo Icon DB has been successfully deleted
goto main
:main
echo Windows 7 must be restarted to rebuild the Icon DB.
echo Restart now? (Y/N):
set /p choice=
If %choice% == y goto end
echo Restart aborted...please close this window
explorer.exe
:end
shutdown /r /t 0
exit
</code>
Heres a List of possible solutions i found here: http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/news/software/3346081/what-do-when-windows-explorer-doesnt-refresh/
<code>1. Registry Changes
One of the most successful solutions to this problems (although it doesn't help all the time) is to turn on the Windows desktop refresh feature. To do this, go to "HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{BDEADE7F-C265-11D0-BCED-00A0C90AB50F}\Instance", look out for a DWORD value called "DontRefresh" which is set to "1" (on). Change the value to "0" (off). This re-enables the refresh. Note that the CLSID given above may depend on your machine. The easiest solution if you can't find the key is to just go to "HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID", hit "F3" and do a search for "DontRefresh".

2. Sort by Name
Many users have had success by simply sorting both their desktop and explorer folders "By Name". This suggests to me that the Windows Search API has something to do with the problem.
Obviously this is more of a workaround than a solution and just isn't an alternative for some people.

3. Re-enable User Account Control
One of the first steps I take whenever I install Windows 7 is to turn off User Account Control (UAC). Well, according to this Microsoft KB article that's the culprit of my random refresh problem. If you'd rather live with a few clicks on the "Continue" button than with the annoying refresh bug, I suggest you turn UAC back on again: Open up the Start menu, type in "User Account Control" and hit "Enter". Then, switch back to the default setting "Notify me only when apps try to make changes to my computer":

4. Turn off Third-Party Shell Extensions
It turns out that quite a lot of third-party applications hook themselves into Windows Explorer. If file management goes awry (which it certainly has in our example), it's always wise to check which of these explorer hooks are being loaded and turn them off temporarily: The most reliable tool that helps you check for solutions is Nirsoft's "ShellExView". Download it, install it and sort by "Company". This will show all third-party hooks at the top of the list:
Try disabling ALL of them to see if that solves the problem. If it did, re-enable these hooks one by one.
Reboot the PC and see if the problem rears its ugly head again.

5. Try a Different Firewall/AV solution
Security suites obviously watch for file system activities. Their filter drivers may be a cause for file operations completing but not registering them with the UI. If none of the previous solutions worked, you might as well try a different security suite for a couple of days. Alternatively, you can try to switch to a less tight security setting and observe Explorer operation behavior.

6. Turn off Sharing
I have noticed that this bug appears on shared folders more often than on regular folders. For example, I share my "Pictures" library on my home network and this is one of the places where I see the refresh bug more often.
If you're not sharing media, make sure that Windows Media Player network sharing is turned off. You'll find the OFF switch under "Control Panel\Network and Sharing Center\Change advanced sharing settings".

7. Rebuild the Explorer Icon Cache
The icon cache in Windows Vista, 7 and 8 stores thumbnails of files -- if this cache has somehow reached its limit or got corrupted, you might need to rebuild it from scratch. Here's how: Close all programs and Windows and run "Task-Manager" by using the CTRL + SHIFT + ESC key combo. Kill "Explorer.exe". Go to "File/Run New Task" and type in "cmd". Enter the following commands and hit Return after each one:
CD /d %userprofile%\AppData\Local
DEL IconCache.db /a
EXIT

8. Turn off NTFS Last Access File Stamp
The NTFS file system updates the "last access" timestamp whenever a file is opened. This time stamp did, on some user machines, cause new or changed files to not appear until an Explorer refresh. Try turning the Last Access stamp off: Open up the registry and go to "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem". Double-click on "NtfsDisableLastAccessUpdate" and set the value from "1" to "0". Now reboot.
Note: Some (rare) applications may depend on the NTFS stamp -- make sure that all your apps are still working.

9. Uncheck "Show Hidden Files and Folders"
Some users on the MS TechNet forums also claim to have solved the problem by unchecking the "Show Hidden Files and Folders" box in Windows Explorer properties.

10. Turn off Home Groups
Is the Home Group feature enabled on your system? If so, try turning Home Groups off -- including all the services that come with it. Fire up "services.msc" and disable both the "HomeGroup Listener" and the "HomeGroup" provider service. Again, a sharing related feature seems to be one of the many causes for this issue.
11. Restore the Explorer Settings
Some users seem to have had success after resetting the Explorer settings: Go to the "Folder Options" dialog and hit "Restore Defaults" -- et voilà.
</code>
Comment: Worked for 5-10 second of the desktop. After that, nothing refreshed anymore.
Comment: Updated with list of possible solutions

Windows 8 Desktop won't auto-refresh


Can you turn multiple internal hard drives into one external drive?

Question: I wonder how I should encapsulate a bunch of old, internal SATA drives in a single black-box (literally) whose output would be a single USB plug. It would present itself as a single drive with the total size combined. Is that possible? Would it require an external power supply?
Comment: RAID 5 is also possible
Comment: An external PSU would probably be required, but with some kinda USB RAID controller it may be possible
Comment: A random bunch of old drives pressed into service as a RAID0 sounds like an accident waiting to happen.
Comment: The fatal flaw I see here is your putting a bunch old sketchy drives together and expecting them to be reliable.  Unless you use RAID 0,5, or 6 a single drive failure will lose all your data.  RAID  0 is mirroring and that isn't what you want.
Answer: I use this setup for Chia mining.
Get a PC case, a PC power supply, a 1X to 16X PCIe Adapter for GPU Mining to power a HP SAS Expander Card 24-Port SAS PCI-E Expander Board 468405-001. The all green ones, avoid the earlier version with yellow writing.
Then get any SAS controller like a LSI 9207-8e in IR (integrated raid) if you want one drive or IT (integrated target) mode if you want to see individual drives.
Note the HP board only uses the PCIe for power, so no need to connect it to a motherboard in the case. The mining 1x to 16x will take power from a 4 pin power from the power supply.
Answer: Why USB?  Would a NAS fill the requirement, providing access to disk shares over an ethernet network?  Plenty of brands exist, like Synology which can take drives of different sizes and do "the best it can" with raiding to get some protection while not being limited to the smallest disk capacity.
Additionally, multiple client computers can access the same share at the same time.

If commercial products are a step too-far then home-brew solutions exist.  I ran FreeNAS for years, and samba in some form for decades and both need nothing more than reliable hardware.  A 10 year old box will run samba on linux perfectly well.
Comment: @CaptainTrojan if you have a storage box, look at additional PCIe SATA controllers.  USB is rubbish for reliable data storage and will impose high CPU loads compared to anything else.  A motherboard with 8 or more SATA connectors would be good too.    Also consider using only your ~8 bigger/newer/more-reliable drives and leave out the smallest ones to reduce risk of data loss.
Comment: I understand where you're coming from, but I've got bad experience with network drives. That's why I imagined myself connecting everything to my storage-box manually and directly through USB. Bad idea? Probably
Comment: What I meant by 'storage-box' is anything that I make out of those old internal hard drives. Right now I imagine a metal case. That metal case would - in an ideal scenario according to myself - connect to the outside world only through a single USB cable.
Comment: @CaptainTrojan USB DAS enclosures exist, but they are very sketchy. An error on one drive will usually cause the entire enclosure to lock up until that drive starts responding again. This sorta thing wreaks havoc on your system. I'm guessing your bad experiences with network drives was caused by purchasing garbage consumer gear like WD My Cloud instead of NAS hardware aimed at data hoarders.


How to formally integrate the geodesic equation given the Christoffel symbols?

Question: Given the geodesic equation
$$\ddot{x^a} + \Gamma^a_{\;bc}\,\dot{x}^b\dot{x}^c = 0$$
with initial conditions, say $x^a(\lambda=0)=0,\dot{x}^a(\lambda=0)=v^a$, and all the data of Christoffel symbols evaluated at each spacetime points, how to formally integrate the equation and solve for $x^a(\lambda)$?
Comment: What do you mean by "formally integrate?" If you mean finding a closed form solution, then in general that's impossible.
Comment: Your geodesic equation is missing an index (also in initial conditions), and the indices you have on $x$ should be upper, not lower; $\dot{x}_b$ is not the same as $\dot{x}^b$.
Comment: You should be able to write out eight first order ODEs and solve them directly using a nonlinear solver like RK4.
Comment: @BenCrowell Yes, that's what I mean. So it is impossible then?
Comment: @G.Smith Thanks. I am very sloppy.
Answer: There is a concept of a "closed form" solution, which basically means an equation that you can write down in terms of some set of basic functions, without using infinite series or limits. Usually the set of basic functions is taken to include exponentials, logs, and other related functions such as trig functions and roots.
It's a general fact of life that if you write down a differential equation in closed form, there is typically no closed-form solution. In some cases this can be proved.
A good example from general relativity is the geodesics of the Schwarzschild spacetime. Their equations can't be written in closed form in terms of elementary functions, but can be written in terms of elliptic functions.
Keep in mind also that it's not even very common to be able to write down the metric in closed form. Very few interesting solutions of the Einstein field equations are known that can be written in closed form.


What makes a stellar undergraduate thesis?

Question: In mathematics, what distinguishes an exceptional undergraduate thesis for the rest? How do original contributions, accessibility of the topic (ie more or less prerequisites), novelty of the topic, etc factor in. Would it, for example, be better for an undergraduate to give an overview of well trotted areas or venture into less significant areas and try to pick some low haning fruit?
Comment: Would it be better for what?  For some students, it would be better preparation for graduate studies to learn important, established advanced topics in mathematics.  For others, to get some research experience.  Both are valuable in different ways.
Answer: For me: significant originality, even if that originality is expressed within the context set by the supervisor.
One cannot expect the student to understand what problems are interesting
to the community, and which are feasibly solved by an undergraduate.
But once the context is
set by the supervisor, there can be significant room for originality within
that context.
I was working on "locked polygonal chains" in 2D and 3D, and posed the question
to my student of whether or not such chains could lock in 4D.
The answer was provided in her undergraduate thesis, and subsequently
published in a journal: No.

The proof was very much an equal-footing collaboration, but she was
inventive and precise throughout. Especially on the algorithm illustrated
above, she was ahead of me.

Roxana Cocan and J. O'Rourke.
  "Polygonal Chains Cannot Lock in 4D."
  Comput. Geom. Theory Appl., 20 (2001) 105-129.
Comment: If you research & write it as if it was a Master's thesis, it should be a significantly better than average Bachelor's thesis. (Did that, actually. Was told that it would actually hae been good enough to cover me if I just wanted to go another year and get the MS. Sometimes regret not having done so, but in retrospect I was in the wrong half of the department anyway.)


How do I add a non-exchange email address to an Outlook distribution list?

Question: Two members of our team work remotely and have emails that are not in our Outlook Exchange address book. We'd like to add them to a distribution list.
Normally, I would view the distribution list properties and click Modify Members > Add and search for them in the address book but of course they are not in this address list.
Is there a way to add arbitrary email address to an Outlook distribution list?
Answer: Create a Contact for the person, then you should be able to add them to the distro list.


creating website order form

Question: I'm trying to create an order form on my website for our customers. What i'm trying to do is list the customers' products in a drop down and then have a text field next to the drop down for qty followed by an add product button. What I am trying to do is once they click the add product button it will add the pair to an array then display their current items in a table below. I'm at a loss as to how to do this. I know I can refresh the page each time they click to add a product for the table display but how do I pass the array to itself? I saw a couple of ways to do this with Coldfusion using URLencoding but seeing as how our customers usually have MANY products per order this would create too long of a url and could cause problems. I also tried looking into using javascript to add to the array and re-display the array without refreshing but I could not find a suitable method of doing this.
My question is this: Am I going about this the right way? Can it be done using javascript and if so how? Or is there a better way of doing this?
EDIT:
I tried using datatables as it looked like a very promising option but i can't get it to work. Here is the code:
$(document).ready(function() {
            $('#example').dataTable();
        } );

function fnClickAddRow(dropdown,textfield) {

    var myindex  = dropdown.selectedIndex
    var SelValue = dropdown.options[myindex].value

    var textvalue = textfield.value

    $('#example').dataTable().fnAddData( [
        SelValue,
        textvalue] );
}

And then I have a form with a button that call the functions onClick as so:
input name="Continue" type="submit" value="Add Product" onClick="fnClickAddRow(ProductsDD,Qty);"

this won't work though. Any idea as to why? The table is defined as follows as well:
table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="display" id="example"

Answer: Use jquery datatables. You can add rows dynamically to it without refreshing page. Use fnAddData API. Details : datatables.net/examples/api/add_row.html
Comment: jqGrid is also a quite nice option.
Comment: @Jake: I never used it or may be I am in love with datatable :)

creating website order form


Fixed points on boundary of hyperbolic group

Question: Let G be a word-hyperbolic group with torsion and let ∂G be its boundary. Do there exist criteria that imply that all non-trivial finite order elements of G act fixed-point freely on ∂G?
Comment: Yes, this is true if $G$ is torsion-free.
Comment: Note: cross-posted as http://math.stackexchange.com/q/463688
Answer: Let $G$ be a hyperbolic group with the Cayley graph $X$.
Let $F<G$ be a finite subgroup and $L\subset \partial G$ be the fixed-point set of $F$.
I will assume that $F$ is the maximal finite subgroup with the fixed-point set $L$.
Lemma. The normalizer $H$ of $F$ in $G$ has the property that:

$H$ is quasiconvex in $G$.
The Gromov boundary of $H$ maps to $L$ under the natural embedding $\partial H\to \partial G$,

Proof. I will first give a proof assuming that $L$ contains at least 2 points and then explain what to do in the 1-point case. Let $C\subset X$ denote the quasiconvex hull of $L$, i.e., the union of all complete geodesics which are asymptotic (in both directions) to points of $L$. Then there exists $r<\infty$ so that
$$
d(x, gx)\le r, \forall g\in F, \forall x\in C.
$$
Let $H<G$ denote the stabilizer of $C$ in $G$. Then (by maximality of $F$) $H$ normalizes $F$.
Conversely, if $g\in G$ belongs to the normalizer of $F$ then $g(L)=L$ and, hence, $g(C)=C$.
Suppose now that $H$ does not act cocompactly on $C$. Then there exists a sequence of vertices $x_n\in C$ such that
$$
x_i\ne H x_j, \forall i\ne j.
$$
Let $g_n\in G$ be elements representing the vertices $x_n$. Consider the subgroups
$$
F_i= g_i^{-1} F g_i<G.
$$
These subgroups have the property that
$$
\max_{g\in F_i} |g|\le r,
$$
where $|g|$ is the word metric on $G$ and $r$ is the constant defined above. The number of elements of $G$ whose norms are bounded above is finite. Hence, after passing to a subsequence in $(x_n)$ , we can assume that $F_i=F_j$ for all $i, j$. In particular,
$$
(g_i g_j^{-1}) F (g_ig_j^{-1})^{-1} = F.
$$
Therefore, $h_{ij}=g_i^{-1} g_j$ preserves $C$. By construction,
$$
h_{ij}(x_j)=x_i,
$$
which is a contradiction. Thus, $H$ acts cocompactly on $C$. Since $C$ is quasiconvex, so is $H$. The limit set of $C$ in $\partial G$ is $H$-equivariantly homeomorphic to the ideal boundary of (the hyperbolic group) $H$, since
$H$ acts on $C$ cocompactly and $C$ the inclusion map $C\to X$ is a q.i. embedding.
This finishes the proof except for the possibility that $L$ is a singleton. I claim that this cannot happen. The argument is similar to the main proof. Suppose that $L$ consists of a single point $z$. Consider a geodesic ray $\rho$ in $X$ asymptotic to $z$. Let $v_i$ denote the  vertices on $\rho$ and let $g_i\in G$ be the corresponding group elements. Consider the sequence of rays
$$
\rho_i= g_i^{-1}(\rho).
$$
These rays contain the vertex $e\in G\subset X$ and, hence, subconverge to a complete geodesic $\gamma$ in $X$.
The conjugate groups $F_i=g_i^{-1} F g_i$  move $e$ by uniformly bounded amount, hence, after passing to another subsequence, we can assume they are all equal to a subgroup $F'<G$. Hence, $F'$ is conjugate to $F$ and
quasi-preserves the limit geodesic $\gamma$. It is now clear that $\gamma$ is asymptotic to two fixed points of $F'$. Hence, $F$ also has at least 2 ideal fixed points. Contradiction. qed
Thus, you can give purely algebraic conditions for the free action of $F$ on the Gromov boundary of $G$. In particular, we have a short exact sequence
$$
1\to F\to H\to Q \to 1.
$$
By passing to a finite index subgroup $Q'<Q$, we  obtain another (infinite) quasiconvex subgroup $H'<H$ containing $F$ so that $H'$ centralizes $F$. Therefore, in order to exclude (nontrivial) finite subgroups of $G$ with nonempty fixed-point sets in $\partial G$, it suffices to assume that every infinite quasiconvex subgroup in $G$ has trivial centralizer.
Comment: Thanks. Could you please give a reference for the existence of the quasiconvex subgroup $H$?
Comment: @user68316: I do not have a reference (although I am sure it is written somewhere), I will write a proof when I have time.
Comment: Misha: I've fixed some typos. Also, shouldn't the right hand side of the inequality $\max_{g\in F_i} |g|\le r$ just be some multiple of $\delta$, the hyperbolicity constant?
Comment: @LeeMosher: Lee: I am not sure how to get $r$ to be $\delta$. If $F$ has a fixed point in $C$ then one can take $r=2\delta$. In general, we only can say that $F$ has an orbit of diameter $\le R$ in $C$ and one can take $r=R+2\delta$. One can then estimate $R$ using $\delta$, but I do not feel like doing this. I corrected another typo in the definition of $r$ though. As for Lemma, it feels like the result should be in the literature, but I could not find it in the "standard" sources (I checked 7).
Comment: Actually, Noel Brady proved that every finite subgroup of $G$ has an orbit of radius $\le 2\delta+1$ ("A note on finite subgroups of hyperbolic groups"). From this, one gets an estimate on $R$.


Hide "Replace" button from SharePoint Online

Question: Is there a way we can remove the replace button in document library? Maybe using event receiver? I want the users not be able to replace the file with the same name
Answer: Based on my research, we cannot remove or hide "Replace" button in Document library from SharePoint Online, it is by design.
Here is a similar case for your reference:
How to stop sharepoint from uploading the same file again after it prompts to replace the existing file?
Answer: This may be too simple, but what about using permission levels to disallow users from being able to modify documents?
We routinely create and use custom permission levels whenever we need to control users' ability to upload content into a list/library but do not want to grant them Edit/Contribute access.
For instance, you could open the Edit permission level, and hit the Copy button to create a new permission level starting from the same permissions as Edit.  Then name it something like "Create Not Edit Not Delete" and uncheck all of the edit and delete permissions.  Then delegate the new permission level to your user/group in the site/library, and they'll only be able to add files.
Since they don't have delete or modify access, they won't be able to rename or upload & overwrite files.
It's not exactly what you want, but might work if it fits your usage scenario.  Good luck!


Where is the HTML for a Pandas DataFrame?

Question: I was looking through Brandon Rhodes' Pandas CSS file, and I'm struggling to find what the HTML looks like for a Pandas DataFrame.
Basically I'm trying to figure out how to freeze the DataFrame's header row so I can view the header even if I scroll down.  But I don't have any insight into what the raw HTML looks like so I can access divs and classes.  How would I find it?
Answer: you can look at the HTML code for a given dataframe df by calling
<code>df.to_html()
</code>


VMWare Image Modification

Question: If I already have an image that exists, can I create an image based on the existing one, except I want to make changes to the exisiting one (mainly configurations).
Answer: I do this all the time. I actually keep each of my VMs in a separate directory and duplicate the entire directory to make a copy. All references within the VMX file (configuration) are relative to the current directory.
One thing you need to watch out for. The VMX file has a line with the MAC address of the virtual network card:
<code>ethernet0.generatedAddress = "00:0c:29:ff:1f:c7"
</code>
You'll need to change that if you want to run both VMs at the same time - I usually just bump the final digit up by 1 (to c8).
I also change the displayName in that file so I can tell the difference between them when they're running.
Comment: Actually you can just delete the mac address line from the config file and VMWare will regenerate a new one the next time you boot that vm.
Answer: Yes, you can just copy the image off to external storage. Just find the image file(s) on your drive and do the copy when the image is not running. You can then change the original all you want.  Is this what you are after?
Answer: What I do is create a base "clean" VM which I then run Sysprep on before cloning. You can run into a few problems when you don't reset the 'unique' elements of a windows installation and you're trying to run them simultaneously.
I'm running ~20 VMs at the moment and if any one gets seriously messed up (they're used for testing) I've got clean base images of Windows 2000, Windows XP, Vista and Server 2003 at the ready so I can be back up and running in 20mins or less.
Answer: Depending on what your needs are, you might try the (free) VMWare Converter. It lets you change drive sizes and other image parameters.
Answer: As others have said, this is exactly how you implement full backups for your VMs.
When the VM is not running, merely copy the virtual disks into a different location, then restart the VM.

VMWare Image Modification


How long to get permission from publishers before reusing your works in the dissertation?

Question: I have a few works published in the ASME and Elsevier. Those works will be my parts of the dissertation. I was wondering if anyone has experience in requesting permissions before reusing those in your dissertation. How long it will take to get permission from the publishers?
Comment: Have you checked whether the publishers already have a policy that lets you reproduce your own work in a dissertation/thesis without separate permission?
Comment: @BryanKrause Those are good questions. Definitely not for any profits and interest! I just want to finish my dissertation and get my degree.
Comment: @BryanKrause I just checked the copyright and it shows "Authors may reproduce and distribute the Paper for non-commercial purposes only. Non-commercial applies only to the sale of the paper per se." Does the dissertation belong to the non-commercial category?
Comment: Thanks, @BryanKrause. Good idea to check the copyright.
Comment: Elsevier at least has an explicit policy that names dissertations and theses specifically. Are you planning to sell your dissertation? Are you planning to publish your dissertation with someone who will sell it?
Comment: The usage of your own published work in your dissertation is so bog-standard that I would simply assume that you can and leave it at that. But good that you are thinking about this, most PhD students (and people posting here) seem to not even be aware that copyright / copyright transfer is a thing.
Answer: When you give copyright to a publisher you normally get back a license for certain uses. Use in a dissertation is included in all but very strange situations. The rise of "stapled theses" depends on this. Somewhere there is "small print" that explains the details, possibly on a web site and possibly it was given to you directly when you signed over copyright.
Yes, a dissertation is non-commercial. It doesn't compete with the publisher's interest, and, in fact, enhances the value of the work since it raises the profile of the author.
You can ask your previous editor, of course, but I expect th answer to be "you can use it immediately in a dissertation".
Imagine the opposite case in which publishing implies you can't get your degree because your work can't appear in your dissertation. That would destroy both academia and the publishing industry. Publishers have a vested interest in supporting their authors as long as they don't compete directly with their financial interests.
Caveat: IANAL. There are exceptions to everything.
Comment: @Simon potentially a long time.
Comment: Thanks, Buffy. I sent an email about the permission to the publisher a few days ago. I still don't get any reply... I don't know how long it will take... Hopefully, they can reply to me soon.
Answer: Each conference venue, journal, etc, should have a locatable statement about conditions of re-use.  Most will make allowances for you to use in your dissertation; some will have weird hoops to jump through; some won't give a blanket permission statement; some won't actually have any statement at all.
For those that have generous and easily findable policies, great, just archive that information for later use. But do make sure that you fully understand the terms.
For those that have hoops, or are unclear, or don't grant permission:  You'll have to e-mail someone.  Sometimes that will be obvious.  If not, default to the editor or the conference organizers.  Important note:  Some venues that require you to ask permission will tell you flat out, "Allow so many weeks for us to answer."
Pay attention to that amount of time.  Then add 50%.  If they don't specify a time limit, assume at least a month.
Answer: You do not need to wait for permission
The Elsevier copyright agreement states explicitly that an author's rights include the right to

Re-use their own material in new works without permission or
payment (with full acknowledgement of the original article)
[emphasis added] :

Extend an article to book length
Include an article in a subsequent compilation of their own work
Re-use portions, excerpts, and their own figures or tables in other works.

Clearly this would cover your intended use in a thesis.
The ASME pages are not as well organized. Nonetheless, you will find that there is an ACME Rights and Permissions page which includes the following statement about the retained rights of authors ... which I have reproduced in full.

Retained Rights of Authors
Authors retain all proprietary rights in any idea, process, procedure,
or articles of manufacture described in the Paper, including the right
to seek patent protection for them. Authors may perform, lecture,
teach, conduct related research, display all or part of the Paper, and
create derivative works in print or electronic format. Authors may
reproduce and distribute the Paper for non-commercial purposes only.
Non-commercial applies only to the sale of the paper per se. For all
copies of the Paper made by Authors, Authors must acknowledge ASME as
original publisher and include the names of all author(s), the
publication title, and an appropriate copyright notice that identifies
ASME as the copyright holder.

Again, you are on safe ground. Your question does, however, prompt two further thoughts. First, remember that it is wise to store (indefinitely) a copy of the copyright agreement that you (or your corresponding author) signed. Second, there's the question of how I found the pages from which I have quoted. Answer: I used Google and searched for
Elsevier copyright agreement which immediately brought up the page from which I have quoted. I also searched for ACME copyright agreement but that led me into a quagmire. Instead, noting the terms used in the Elsevier agreement, I tried site:acme.org author rights and that produced the relevant page.
Answer: I had to do this for my PhD thesis, and there's a very simple answer to this question: go to your article/chapter/whatever on the Elsevier/ASME website and click the link for requesting permissions or rights to the content (as shown in the screenshots below for random Elsevier and ASME journal articles):

These types of links (most publishers have them, nowadays) will usually take you to a 'copyright marketplace'. From here, you make a free account and fill out the electronic form, detailing specifically what you want to use and how you want to use it (could be a figure, table, full article or chapter, etc.).

You will then be told how much the rights for the content will cost and be given a license to use it. None of the content I asked for had any cost attached to it, so you shouldn't worry about that, particularly if you say you created the content (one of the options for the 'Who Will Republish the Content' question is 'Author of requested content').
You will get an answer almost immediately—the only time I did not get an answer immediately (the system works out the cost and permissions automatically–the form isn't reviewed by a human, generally), I received an email within 24 hours with the permissions.
Going through the process means that you are given a little certificate formally giving you permission to use content from a journal or book, which is important to keep, in case someone asks you to prove you were allowed to use the content.
You can use this method to get rights to use other people's content as well; I used several figures from books published by other authors in my thesis after getting permission this way.
Answer: The answer is in your copyright agreement with the journal. However, I have never seen an agreement that prevents an article from being used in a dissertation.


screen recorder app: good quality videos with less size

Question: So I am looking for a screenrecorder to install on my laptop. My aim is to have a good quality for videos with a small size (expect 1MB/min).
Answer: OBS-Studio / Open Broadcaster Software
You didn't mention a platform but I assume Windows or Linux or MacOS
If That is the case I reccomend OBS.
It is open-source, free of cost and comes with many features.
I have just tried reccording my own screen and at the default settings (high quality) with 1920x1080 at 60fps I got ~5Mib with a one minute video. You could of course lower the bitrate, fps and resolution to achieve less. Default format is .mkv. But you can choose from:

.flv
.mp4
.mov
.mkv
.ts
.m3u8

You can also directly stream to a service like Twitch or YouTube of Facebook.
As Input you can choose pretty much anything. Full Screen, single Window, area, webcam, Audio only...And of couse you can add them to get what you need.
And you can add overlays as you might have seen on YouTube and Twitch.
Answer: Minitool Video Converter is a great software for screen recording on windows. It has Video Converter in its name. But it also has a function to record the screen.
Link to download it -
https://cdn2.minitool.com/?p=vc&e=vc-free
Some screenshots -

You can find the full tutorial for Minitool Video Converter on this site -
https://videoconvert.minitool.com/video-converter/minitool-video-converter-manual.html
It also has many other features like the youtube video download and video converter. It can convert 1080p to 4k, mp4 to mp3, 4k to 780p and much more. It supports a wide range of video and audio formats.
Comment: Welcome Ninad.  Within a period of 15 hours, you posted 6 answers recommending 2 products.  As such, your posts have been flagged by our community.  Do you have any affiliation with either product?  If so, please disclose your affiliation, in full, within each answer.  Please also add more details to each answer explaining how it fulfills the question's requirements.  Thanks, and welcome!


Pull ups in house if not possible to have door pull up bar

Question: I would like to do chin-ups in my house, but the door frames do not support pull up bars due to their construction. Also it is not possible to install in a wall.
There is no park very near by and I haven't found anything around the building that I could grab and do the exercise.
Short of buying some big rack, is there anything solution that does not take much space?
Answer: Have you considered towel door pull ups? (for those who don't want to follow the link, you basically put a knot in the end of a couple of hand towels, trap the knot in the top of a closed door and use those).
The other alternative that I have seen before, which I don't recommend if you're on the heavier side, or live in rented accommodation, is pull ups using the door itself, as demonstrated by Steve Maxwell.
I haven't personally used either of these, but I'm close to 2m tall and nearly 100kg, so doors aren't really tall enough (plus I don't want to have to replace my doors!), but I know people who did during lock down when equipment was unavailable.
Another option, which doesn't exactly address your question, is something like a suspension trainer (I believe TRX are the most popular brand) that comes with a door anchor (it works like the towel pull ups).
Inverted rows that you can do with a suspension trainer aren't exactly pull ups, but they're a good substitute until you find something better, they still work the pulling muscles (lats, rhomboids, etc) and if you get strong at them, when you switch, you'll find pull ups come easier.
If you go with the towel or door anchor idea, a very important safety point, make sure you have them rigged up so the door closes towards you, so the door frame itself helps support the door. Also make sure anyone else in the house knows what you're doing; as funny as it would be to have someone open the door mid-pull up, unless you film it and post it online, the rest of us won't get to enjoy the ensuing chaos.
Comment: Towels is an interesting idea, not sure if it will work because the door frames are hollow, will try with extra caution. What is the "suspension trainer"? Can you link to something?
Comment: Googling I find some resistance bands?
Comment: @Jim search for either "suspension trainer" or "TRX"
Answer: My pull up bar = shutters + brass tube cut with a saw held by a belt.
it can hold me doing chin ups with a 40kg back pack on my back, totalling 110kg or 242lbs. As you can see from the decoloration and imprints of my hands on the brass bar, I have been using it for a lot of time now and never broke or failed me. I advice using different materials noteless since I'm worried myself about copper toxicity, though it is a good anti-bacterial, so it cleans your hands as you use it.

Door sized shutters are preferred.

Alernativelly, just use a fence/wall and pull yourself over the fence/wall... expect your knees to be scratched.
Comment: It is an apartment, so can't apply these ideas but quite interesting idea (without such shutters as well)
Answer: Gymnastic rings are a great way to do pull-ups. Because they are hung from straps (perhaps long ones), they can often be mounted in places where a pull-up bar cannot. I take my rings on vacations and am often (but not always) able to find rafters to hang them from. Failing that, they're portable enough to take to a park to provide a better grip than a swing set.
Comment: But where would I hang the rings in the house? Also there is no park near by
Comment: @Jim you would indeed need a place to hang the rings. Not knowing your house or neighborhood I'm not able to find such a spot for you.
Comment: Where do you find a place to hang rings in an average hotel room? I can't remember anything suitable ....
Comment: @DanubianSailor When traveling I hang them in a park or from beams on a porch or deck at the airbnb. In a hotel situation I rely on a gym. It's never completely reliable but it opens up the possibilities.


Calculate Entropy from Kernel Density estimates

Question: I have a time series and wish to estimate its entropy, is it correct to use ksdensity function in Matlab to get estimates of the pdf at 100 points and then plug these into the standard Shannon entropy formula?
Comment: Since a [density is not a probability](http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/4220/can-a-probability-distribution-value-exceeding-1-be-ok/4223?s=6|0.0000#4223), the answer surely is no.
Comment: Any advice on how to estimate entropy of a time series or where to find the right info?
Answer: Depends on which Shannon entropy formula you use. Broadly, $H = \mathrm{E}[\mathrm{I}(X)]$. In the discrete case, this would be $H = \mathrm{E}[-\ln P(X)]$ or $$-\sum \limits_{i=1}^{n} P(x_i)\ln P(x_i)$$ This would make sense if you're using a histogram estimate of $P(X)$.
The kernel density estimate generates an estimate of the (continuous) density function $f(X)$. A such, you'd need a continuous estimate of  $H = \mathrm{E}[\mathrm{I}(X)] = \mathrm{E}[-\ln f(X)]$ or $$-\int f(x)\ln f(x) dx$$ Since the kernel density estimate outputs discrete points $x_i, f(x_i)$, it would make sense to use something like trapezoid or Simpson's rule to get the integral.
I recommend consulting other sources (such as this one) to determine the best approximation method.


How to defeat the Stalker solo as a Rhino?

Question: I'm a reactor'd level 30 Rhino with high shields, health, and around 1400 damage block on my Iron Skin.
I use the Karak, Lex, and Galatine as weapons.
The only other ability I use is Rhino Stomp. All my abilities cost half of the base energy price.
I have faced the Stalker two times using this build, and have been absolutely destroyed each time, soloing. I am prepared to build energy and health restores. How can I defeat him?
Answer: I am a fellow Rhino user, and I am going to give you some tips. First, Iron Skin is pointless against the Stalker. He can use an ability called Dispel which removes all Buffs of Warframes. This includes but is not limited to Hysteria, Blessing, and Iron Skin.
First, tips on the primary. If you are rank 6 or higher, you should invest in a Soma or a Penta. They are some of the best non-clan re-search items. Penta does massive blast damage, and the Soma does massive crit damage (30% crit chance base). My Soma can destroy him in a matter of seconds. If you spend the time and effort and get the weapon by the name of Boltor Prime, a 4 forma build can destroy almost any enemy in a matter of seconds. Just maximize its damage (I use Serration, Split Chamber, then 3 of a certain element (using event mods and nightmare mods)). You can achieve over 700 damage per hit.
Lex can be replaced with the Stug possibly, it can do massive damage if the rounds hit. Or the Acrid if you can get it from a Dojo.
(OLD INFO)
The Galitine though, is amazing if used correctly. It has a base 400 Charge damage, which with the right mods, can exceed 1200 damage per charge hit (it also has a base 25% crit chance when charge attacking). Then, if you put magnetic damage ( it has a 50% status chance when charge attacking) it could easily remove his shields (or viral to deal with his health). http://warframe.wikia.com/wiki/Galatine
Due to the removal of charge attacks, you will have to find a different weapon. Unless you have a high Damage channel build, I would not suggest using your melee against Stalker or any of the other random bosses.
Now, your abilities. Iron Skin is nearly useless (you can use it block a single attack). Roar is also very useful. If you have enough power strength, it can boost over 50% bonus damage (with weapons only). Stomp will do some damage, but he will not be stunned.
http://warframe.wikia.com/wiki/Roar
Besides what I said, try and play with other players who know what they are doing. If you are alone, keep your distance, shoot every once and a while, and do not be in a rush to finish him off.
Comment: Why did this get downvotes, I don't know. It's a solid answer. +1 from me.


What are the steps to do to solve this Algebraic problem?

Question: A mixture of 12 ounces of vinegar and oil is 40 percent vinegar,where all of the measurements are by weight. How many ounces of oil must be added to the mixture to produce a new mixture that is only 25 percent vinegar ?
Answer: Step 1. Find out what is the weight of vinegar and the weight of oil in the initial mixture. Let's call them $m_{o}$ and $m_{v}$. You have that the $m_v$ is 40% of of the initial mixture, so $m_o$ is 60%
Step 2. In the final mixture you have only 25% vinegar, but the mass of vinegar did not change. You can calculate the total weight of the new mixture, $m_{final}$.
Step 3. Subtract the initial mass of the mixture
Answer: The current mixture has $0.4(12)=4.8$ ounces of vinegar (and $7.2$ ounces of oil). You want to find the amount of extra oil $x$ such that $$\frac{4.8}{12+x}=0.25$$


Were there any converted children or teenagers among Jesus disciples or in the first century church?

Question: Since children and teenagers (minors) conversions are not recorded in the entire New Testament, I always wondered if they were qualified candidates for Christianity.
Comment: What time period are you talking about? Only up to the end of New Testament times? Also, your last paragraph is going to be speculation. I would suggest removing it, or specifying which branch of Christianity you want an answer from.
Comment: There is a Catholic "legend" that St  Ignatius  of Antioch was the child whom the Savior took up in His arms, as described in Mark 9:35. It is also believed, and with great probability, that, with his friend Polycarp, he was among the auditors of the Apostle St. John. If we include St. Peter, Ignatius was the third Bishop of Antioch and the immediate successor of Evodius (Eusebius, Church History II.3.22).
Comment: One of the gospel writers (Mark, I think (so not posting as an answer)) is said to have been a child who saw Jesus' betrayal in Gethsemane, and then wrote the gospel when he grew up.
Comment: Wouldn't children conversion in the NT be a speculation as well?
Answer: Suffer the little children to come unto me, for such is the kingdom of God. (Paraphrased)
It is entirely the opposite. Unless you are converted and become as one of these little ones,  you shall in no wise enter the Kingdom of God.

Mar 10:13-16  And they brought young children to him, that he should touch them: and his disciples rebuked those that brought them. (14)  But when Jesus saw it, he was much displeased, and said unto them, Suffer the little children to come unto me, and forbid them not: for of such is the kingdom of God. (15)  Verily I say unto you, Whosoever shall not receive the kingdom of God as a little child, he shall not enter therein. (16)  And he took them up in his arms, put his hands upon them, and blessed them.

I do realize, that you make the special case of qualifying 'teenagers' in your post, as well as children in general. I can only attribute this to some notion of accountability, which in Jewish tradition is , I believe, age 13. I do not see any support for this as a regulatory restriction, in any terms of eligibility for salvation.
There is certainly not a single mention in all of scripture that would support this idea that children would, of all souls, ever be denied by Jesus Christ; Old or New.
I will say in response to the question of some ineligibility; emphatically, no.
Comment: Fair enough.  I was matching in my head what I saw as a question based on current norms, and your addressing that somewhat just under the quote box.  I had an idea that elaborating on that would help match the contemporary feel to the question (in terms of cultural context) but your "timeless" approach certainly fits.  Thanks for the further explanation.
Comment: Mediterranean cultural context from that era is missing from this answer.  (Let's say some of our current cultural assumptions don't match the ones from that time.  Don't have my copy of Pilch's book on cultural context for that era handy.)
Comment: An 'interesting' remark. However, if you look closely, you will see that my answer does no make allowance for any demographic; by culture, or era. Even had the Q insisted upon it, I would have proposed transcendence in the terms of salvation, in any case. I do not perceive any caveats in the words "Come unto me, all..." Matt 11:28, I believe, or Rev 22 something close to there, "Whosoever will let him come, and partake of the waters of life freely; or whosoever hears the words of the gospel and believes, will be saved; Jesus himself John chapter 5:24. No. No culture, era, prevalent notion. No.


Kenmore Dryer flips breaker when High Limit Thermostat replaced

Question: I have a kenmore dryer model number 11066822694, The dryer works but did not heat up, I tested all components, and the High limit thermostat didn't have connectivity.  I replace it with one from a kit, that was marked 309F, original part is 3399848.  When I put in this new high limit thermostat and turn the dryer on it trips the breaker. I checked various parts for a short and can not find one, If I take off the high limit thermostat and leave the wires dangling, the dryer turns on but still no heat.  I also replaced the thermal fuse, heating coil/element and cycling thermostat. I am not sure why the new high limit thero keep tripping the breaker.  It has 120v on both of the wires going into the high limit thermostat. Also the heating element has two red wires each measures 120v. I have put all parts from this kit into the dryer: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07YWK935R?psc=1&ref=ppx_yo2ov_dt_b_product_details
Comment: It may be worth asking your question on the PartsDr forum—they specialize in appliances.
Answer: Look inside the dryer for a short between the two reds or either red and ground:

Disconnect the power plug
connect one test lead to ground, and touch the other to anything you can get to. Look for a very low resistance reading, <10 Ohms.*
Disconnect each device (such as the high limit tstat) one lead at a time.
Repeat with one test lead on one red
Repeat with it on the other.

Wiring sometime shorts when it rubs against a sharp edge, especially if cable ties have broken.  Double check your own work to make sure you didn't inadvertently pull a wire loose or misconnect it.

The heating coil may show a resistance of less than 10 Ohms at room temperature (R rises with temp), masking the short. (We would expect a short to be less than ~8 Ohms, per Ohm's law: R=V/I, 8=240/30 assuming 240V and 30A breaker).
To differentiate between short and normal heating coil resistance, you can measure the coil alone by disconnecting it and connecting your test leads to its terminals.  Take anything less than that as a likely short, probably near zero.  Meters sometimes show 1-2 Ohms even when the leads are shorted together; use that value as though it were zero.


How does a battery recharge?

Question: Alright, I should probably know this, but I don't.  For a school project, I need to be able to charge a 12v battery from an alternator.  What I am stuck on is the method of how batteries (generally speaking) are charged.  Is it just plain old voltage going into the battery?  Or is it something more?
Comment: Here's a good place to start: http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/
Comment: Wow, that is one heck of the start, to say the least.  :)  thanks
Answer: The method of charging a battery while being effective but without doing damage varies with battery chemistry.
Since you have a "12V" battery, I'm guessing it is a lead-acid type like you find in cars.  Lead acid are fairly forgiving in how they can be charged, unlike other chemistries, especially certain types of lithium.  Basically charge a lead acid with power that is both current and voltage limited.  The voltage limit is usually 13.6 V for car batteries.  The maximum current depends on the size of the battery.  A ordinary car battery can take several amps easily.  For example, a power supply that is limited to 5 A and 13.6 V will work just fine to charge ordinary car batteries, although that's not pushing the maximum allowed current.  That means it will drop the voltage to not exceed 5 A or drop the current to not exceed 13.6 V, whichever is lower.  Hardware and automotive stores sell chargers for car batteries that have all this built in.  The only gotcha is a charger advertized as "fast" may abuse the battery.  A full charge should take a few hours, although most of the time the battery should not get low enough to require that.
If your battery is smaller, then you have to dig up its datasheet or somehow get specs for it and make sure the charger doesn't produce too much current.
If your battery is not lead-acid, then things could be quite different.  In that case you really have to get the specs, which should include the required charging profile.  Getting this wrong, particularly with some types of lithium, could result in pyrotechnics.
Comment: You could use a smps(switched-mode power supply) to regulate voltage. I would suggest you to buy one rather than make as they can be pretty hard to fine tune
Comment: Alrighty, that makes sense.  So is there any easy way I can regulate the voltage coming out of an alternator?
Comment: Rule-of-thumb: limit the current to 1/10 of the capacity in Ah. So for a 40Ah battery limit to 4A.
Comment: @Shungun: switcher ICs are very easy to use these days. They often only need 4 external components. The only thing when you don't choose the most optimal parts is that the efficiency will be somewhat lower.
Comment: Okay, the "original" focus of this question was to see what was required to charge a battery in the terms of like if anything more than pure power is required to charge a battery...
Comment: "forgiving" in that it won't explode and get your airplane grounded for months.  Instead lead-acid batteries just turn their destruction inward and damage themselves, i.e. Bad charging shortens service life.
Comment: How can you limit current, apart from by using a power supply rated for just above C/1? Can it not simply be done by using a charge voltage of Vbat+1?
Comment: @user: There are many ways to limit current.  Current limited supplies are also available off the shelf.
Answer: batteries are source of electrical power and this power is characterized by two things Voltage(volts) and Current(amperes)
now when you give a close look at the battery (in this case 12V) then what it means is that the battery can Provide a maximum Potential Difference of 12V between its Contacts.. there is also a Power rating available with the same..
a Cellphone battery may read 1300mAh@ 3.2V which means that the battery can supply 1300mA current for 1 hour at 3.2V.
The chemicals inside the battery undergo some reaction and Produce a potential difference, the reaction stops at a particular Potential Difference, a voltage above which the reaction cannot proceed (in your case it is 12V) although it does not imply that the battery is weak!
as you draw power from the battery you provide a way for these electrons to move out from one end and reach the other terminal thus providing a way for the reaction to occur, the reaction continues till the time any power consuming device is connected to the terminals and the chemicals are being used up in the reaction.
when the battery is depleted it is identified by falling terminal voltage in your case the voltage levels shall fall below 12V.
now comes charging:
during charging we provide a voltage (12V or more in your case) in opposite direction, that is the +ve of your charging source to -ve of battery and -ve of your charging source to +ve of battery this creates an electron path in opposite direction for the Battery being charged, this reverses the chemical reaction (this is the difference between Rechargeable batteries and non-rechargeable batteries, the later has no reversible reaction) and takes the chemicals inside to a state when they were charged and produced a potential difference of 12V.
in a way we are reverting the chemicals inside to an earlier state, we are not storing any electrons inside...also based on the drift velocity of the electrons it is fairly impossible for the electrons from the socket to reach your battery before it is fully charged.
Comment: Rare Good Explanation
Answer: For practical charging, a standard power supply can destroy your battery (constant-voltage supply.)
Instead, the simplest method is trickle-charging with a constant small current.  The exact current would depend on the type of battery and its capacity rating.  (ALso don't mess with DIY chargers for explody lithium, use NiCd or lead-acid.  Or just buy a charging device for Li rechargables.)
I've charged batteries by using a lab-supply with an overcurrent knob.
Set the supply voltage above the battery's working voltage (so, 14V for a 12V batt.)  Then set the constant-current knob to a high current for fast-charge of batteries having too low voltage.  As the battery voltage quickly rises, the high current drops back to a small value for long-term trickle-charge.

Theory:
A battery is a charge-pump.   It pulls electric charge in through one terminal, pumps it through itself, then spits it out through the other terminal.   No charge ever builds up inside.  This makes sense, because the battery electrolyte is a good conductor, and all batteries act like "short circuits," with very low internal resistance.  Batteries are made from conductive materials, and the path for current is through the battery, through the electrolyte between the plates, then back out again.  No charge ever builds up inside.
And with water pumps, no water builds up inside: the path for the current is through and back out again, same as for charge-pumps.
So, when we "charge" a battery, we're not storing up any charge?  Yep, that's right.  The total electric charge inside a battery never changes.
But something does change.   Batteries are charge-pumps, chemically-fueled charge pumps.   They can only "run" until their chemical fuel is all used up.  When it's gone, then the pumping-action halts.  That means your brand new flashlight battery is full of chemical fuel.  And a "dead" battery has lost its fuel, and only contains waste products, so we send it out to be ground up and recycled.
What then is "recharging" of batteries?
Ah, now we've uncovered a problem with words.  Batteries are never "charged" with electric charge.  They're only "charged" with energy, energy in the form of chemical fuel.  The word "charge" has more than one meaning.   (And, cannons are given a charge of gunpowder.  A fully "charged" cannon, it doesn't involve voltage or amps, or even coulombs!)
Charging and discharging a battery involves the movement of "charges" of energy measured in joules, or watt-hours, etc.   Not coulombs.  Whenever some energy flows into a battery or out of a battery, the coulombs just flow through.
Rechargeable batteries do something very weird.  If we run their "electricity pump" backwards, for example by connecting the battery to a generator   ...then the waste products are converted back into chemical fuel again!   The zinc chloride in flashlight batteries gets converted back to zinc metal.  Or, the cadmium hydroxide in your NiCd battery gets converted back to cadmium metal.  This is the reverse of  normal battery operation, where the metal plates provide energy as they dissolve away while the "electricity pump" is operating.  A metal plate can provide energy by corroding.  And if we want to "uncorrode" a metal plate, this takes energy supplied from outside the battery.
So, during battery discharge, the metal plates themselves are the "chemical fuel" which drives the current-pumping operation.  The plates corrode as the battery runs, and the metal turns into dissolved chemical-waste products.   To "recharge" a battery, we just force the current in the opposite direction.  The metal plates get electroplated.  They thicken up, ideally becoming the same as when new.  And ideally, if the metal plate supplies a certain amount of energy, then the same energy must be injected into the battery when we un-dissolve the metal plate.  "Charging" a battery is undissolving its metal plate.  "Discharging" a battery is corroding its metal plate in order to power an external device.
Batteries are small metal-burning electrical generators, no steam turbines needed!  But with normal power plants, if we run the turbines backwards while pushing the smoke back into to boiler, it doesn't create any new coal or oil!
When analyzing batteries mathematically, everything becomes quite easy to calculate because battery voltage is almost constant.
That means, if the battery produces a variable electric current in an external circuit, it also sends variable energy into that circuit, and the rate of energy-flow will be proportional to the amperes.   And, the total energy contained inside a battery will be proportional to the electric charge pumped through it.   One coulomb of charge equals one ampere-second. (One amp flowing for one second means one coulomb of charge has passed through the battery.)
This means we can (temporarily) ignore voltage and then estimate the energy inside batteries in terms of ampere-seconds, amp-hours, etc.   (Note that it's amps-times-seconds, not amps-per-second.)
But ...were any amps ever stored inside the battery? Or any amp-hours stored?  Nope.  Amp-hours (if multipled by the constant voltage) are just an oversimplified shorthand for energy, and electrical energy is always based on voltage and coulombs.   Since we don't want to work with coulombs of electric charge, and prefer amperes instead, ...and since the voltage stays constant during charge or discharge, ...then AH ampere-hours becomes our main energy rating.  Yes, it's quite twisted up and hard to understand.
Energy is actually volt-coulombs, which is the same as volt-amp-seconds, which is the same as volts times AH times 3600.  But if volts stays the same, and 3600 stays the same, then all the changes happen only in the Amp-Hours ratings.  In the end, we rate batteries in Amp-hours.  Yet the true ratings behind this are: volts, times the total coulombs able to be pumped by the battery, through the battery.
To calculate the actual energy stored, multiply amp-seconds times volts.   Or, use amp-hours times 3600sec/hr, times volts.  That gives us the total joules of chemical energy stored inside a battery.
But unfortunately the use of amp-hours convinces everyone that ampere-hours are a form of energy, or that AH gets stored inside the battery.  Or that batteries are charged with electric charge, when actually they're only charged with joules of electric energy.  The electric charge inside a battery never gets bigger or smaller.
Comment: what float charge voltage do you recommend?

How does a battery recharge?


keyboard shortcut to send a file as mail attachment

Question: Is there any shortcut or way to create a shortcut to attach selected file as mail attachment in Outlook. Now, I've to right click the selected file and use "Send To-->Mail Recipient" option. A shortcut will help a lot.
Comment: Currently selected in what? Outlook? Windows Explorer?
Answer: Ctrl + N in outlook will open new email. You can copy past the attachment to the new email.
Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V ;-)
Answer: There is no default Windows shortcut, however you would be able to create your own using AutoHotKey
Comment: I seriously should start using it, if you see how many things there are you would want to HotKey
Answer: For those who like to work at the command line, check out blat. Once configured, it can be used to form and send a complete email from a single command. Note that blat is a complete mail user agent itself: it does not use Outlook or any other mailer on the PC.
For example, the following command:

C:\...>blat -to email@example.com -subject "Totality" -attach total.jpg -body "Here's that shot of the total eclipse"
Blat v2.6.2 w/GSS encryption (build : Feb 25 2007 12:06:19)

Sending stdin.txt to email@example.com
Subject: Totality
Login name is email@example.com
Attached binary file: total.jpg

C:\...>

Sends a photo along with a short text caption to a single recipient, printing some reassuring progress notes along the way.
It is actually quite the powerful tool, and can be handy if you need to have a long-running (or scheduled at odd times) batch job that you'd like to report results from.
Answer: I have Outlook 2010.  The answer here is simply: AltN, then AF.  This will bring up your word files for attachment.
Answer: Just use the default ALT (underlined) shorcuts, so for Sent to Mail Recipient:
ALT + F N M
Answer: Try the following sequence: F10, F, D, A
Answer: Just remember, ALT F.H.E.A! That's ALT+ F,H,E,A
I know it's long but it actually works!
Your welcome
Comment: Can you explain specifically what this does?
Comment: Pressing and releasing ALT in Office programs activates a legacy menu emulation mode that uses single letters for selecting Ribbon Tabs and commands. Originally it was added for those used to the pre-ribbon menu shorts where you could use ALT+Menu Letters. Holding ALT down while hitting the keys executes the final command.
Answer: If you are in the word document, Alt, F, H, E, A goes through the menu items File > Share > Email > Attachment.
Edit: You can also use Alt+4
A blank e-mail is created with the document attached.
If you are in Windows Explorer, and have the file selected, Alt, S, E works. However, I am using Windows 8, so this could be unique to that OS, not 100% sure though.
Comment: ALT+# executes a Quick Access Toolbar shortcut, so you must have the email as attachment on your QAT.
Answer: Use the Quick Access Toolbar at the top left of the program. Click on the More button to add an icon, such as 'Email'
This takes seconds to set up and is then on your Quick Access Toolbar to click when you want from Word, or Excel or another Office program. You'll need to add the button to the program you want to send the file from.
If you want a more complex icon such as to Email a PDF of your document, choose More Commands, then from Choose Commands from, change 'Popular Commands' to 'All Commands' and you'll find many useful icons including 'Email as PDF Attachment'.
If you want a quick video tutorial I think I did one on my blog some time ago if it helps.
Answer: Alt + S + E (window 10 maybe others too)
Answer: Alt F H E A use to be my shortcut. In the latest version of Excel that put me in the search box for my files.
New version of Excel (MS Excel for MS365 MSO)
Alt F Z Tab Enter
Answer: Alt+F+D+E+A attaches the current powerpoint to Outlook.
Answer: ctrl+Alt+F
This will pull the email selected and add it as an attachment in a new email.


What is/are the best thing(s) I can do to make my WordPress blog more popular?

Question: What are the best things that I can do to get my Wordpress blog out there? What are good plugins that I can use to get listed in Googles search? Is there anything/anywhere else I can register my Wordpress blog to attract more visitors?
Comment: Even though your blog is powered by WordPress, this is a question regarding SEO/SEM and not WP administration or development ... I vote to close as off-topic.
Comment: But I did ask what plugins can help for such question :S
Comment: You did, but for such a generic question you'd be better served searching the WordPress plugin repository for the term SEO: http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/search.php?q=seo
Comment: Maybe you could ask for general SEO tips on [the Pro Webmasters site](http://webmasters.stackexchange.com/), and then come back with specific ideas and ask how to implement them with WordPress.
Answer: Provide content that people crave to find, consume and share.
There is no technical solution to make site popular. If there was one - everyone would use it and field will be leveled again.
There are a lot of minor tweaks to implement (heading structure, social buttons, etc), but none of those will automagically bring in traffic and none of those work exactly same across different blogs with different content.
The best you can do on technical side is too keep an eye that your blog is reasonably fast and markup makes sense.
Answer: New bloggers always wonder how to start , and what content to post in their blog the best advice i can offer is to follow Google and search engine trends just type it in google and you find the hottest topics in the internet post about them and make sure you have good social profile google plus circles and twitter user and facebook followers to 100x your traffic